Single cell, fuel cell, and vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a single cell, a fuel cell and a vehicle, the single cell comprising: a frame structure located between an anode plate and a cathode plate, the frame structure having a reaction area for accommodating a membrane electrode in the middle, the frame structure having a common gas channel, the frame structure having a flow guide channel, one end of the flow guide channel being communicated with the common gas channel, the other end of the flow guide channel being communicated with the reaction area, the flow guide channel comprising a through hole penetrating through the frame structure along a first direction; a partition located on one side of the frame structure along the first direction, the partition being connected with the frame structure so that the partition at least partially blocks one end of the flow guide channel along the first direction. The flow guide channel realizes the transmission of fluid between the common gas channel and the reaction area, and the partition can effectively prevent the problem of short circuit of the anode plate and the cathode plate caused by the single cell through the flow guide channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of single-cell structure technology, specifically to a single cell, a fuel cell, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technology, a single cell includes a cathode plate, an anode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The MEA forms cathode and anode flow fields with the cathode and anode plates, respectively. The main functions of these flow fields are the distribution of reactant gases and the removal of byproducts. A frame is provided on the outer side of the gas MEA. Slots are formed on the frame. These slots guide fluid from a common channel to the cathode or anode flow field. However, this flow guidance method suffers from significant performance limitations due to the MEA structure. Since the MEA is typically very thin, contact between the two plates can easily occur at the slots, potentially causing a short circuit in the single cell.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the aforementioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a single cell, a fuel cell, and a vehicle, which aim to improve the problem of single cell short circuits caused by the influence of membrane electrode structure on the current guiding structure in the prior art.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a single cell is provided. The single cell includes an anode plate and a cathode plate, and further includes: a frame structure located between the anode plate and the cathode plate, the frame structure having a reaction zone in the middle for accommodating a membrane electrode, the frame structure having a common gas channel, the frame structure having a flow channel, one end of the flow channel communicating with the common gas channel, and the other end of the flow channel communicating with the reaction zone, the flow channel including a through hole penetrating the frame structure along a first direction; and a separator located on one side of the frame structure along the first direction, the separator being connected to the frame structure such that the separator at least partially blocks one end of the flow channel along the first direction.

[0006] The embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects: by setting a flow channel on the frame structure, the fluid can be transferred between the common gas channel and the reaction zone. The through-hole design of the flow channel can, on the one hand, remove the process restrictions of the frame structure on the flow channel, and on the other hand, improve the fluid flow. The set isolation component can effectively prevent the problem of short circuit between the anode plate and the cathode plate caused by a single cell passing through the flow channel.

[0007] Furthermore, a first diffusion channel is formed between the anode plate and the membrane electrode in the reaction zone. The common gas channel includes an anode gas inlet and an anode gas outlet. The anode gas inlet is connected to the upstream end of the first diffusion channel through a guide channel, and the anode gas outlet is connected to the downstream end of the first diffusion channel through another guide channel.

[0008] Furthermore, a second diffusion channel is formed between the cathode plate and the membrane electrode in the reaction zone. The common gas channel includes a cathode gas inlet and a cathode gas outlet. The cathode gas inlet is connected to the upstream end of the second diffusion channel through a guide channel, and the cathode gas outlet is connected to the downstream end of the second diffusion channel through a guide channel. Each guide channel is provided with an isolation element on one side along the first direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel are located on both sides of the frame structure, and any one of the flow channels is connected to only one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel along the first direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the isolation element is connected to the frame structure by hot pressing.

[0011] Furthermore, the isolation element has a layered stamped structure, and the circumferential contour of the isolation element is set to be the same as the circumferential contour of the corresponding flow channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the flow channel includes multiple sub-holes, which are arranged circumferentially along the corresponding common gas channel. One end of the sub-hole is connected to the common gas channel, and the other end of the sub-hole is connected to the reaction zone.

[0013] Furthermore, at least one of the separator and the frame structure is coated with an adhesive layer on at least one side along the first direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the single cell also includes a cooling chamber sealing strip, which is located between the anode plate and the frame structure, or between the cathode plate and the frame structure. The cooling chamber sealing strip is used to seal between the common gas channels, and / or, the cooling chamber sealing strip is used to seal between the common gas channels and the cooling chamber.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a fuel cell is provided, including the single cell in the above embodiments.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the fuel cell described in the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a single cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure and membrane electrode structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation member provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation member provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation member provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation member provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the assembly process of a single cell provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 1. Anode plate;

[0027] 2. Cathode plate;

[0028] 3. Frame structure; 31. Common gas channel; 311. Anode gas inlet; 312. Anode gas outlet; 313. Cathode gas inlet; 314. Cathode gas outlet; 32. Flow guide channel; 320. Sub-hole;

[0029] 4. Membrane electrode;

[0030] 5. Reaction zone;

[0031] 6. Isolation components;

[0032] 7. Cooling cavity sealing strip. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0036] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0037] In a fuel cell stack, fuel gas is introduced into the anode plate, which constitutes the fuel cell, and oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode plate, which is on the other side of the membrane electrode assembly, to generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Currently, the technology used is to assemble a single cell structure consisting of a cathode plate, a membrane electrode assembly, and an anode plate, and then stack multiple fuel cell single cells to form a stack to generate large amounts of electricity. The flow manifold that constitutes the fuel cell is a gas flow path located between the anode and cathode plates of the single cell and a structure that allows the reactant gas (fuel gas or oxidizing gas) to flow from the outside into the plate flow channel. It also separates the anode and cathode plates to prevent short circuits that may occur due to contact between the anode and cathode electrodes within the same single cell.

[0038] A cathode flow field is formed between the cathode plate and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The cathode plate is responsible for uniformly distributing the oxidant (usually oxygen from the air) on the cathode side of the MEA. The flow channel design on the cathode plate ensures that oxygen can effectively contact the catalyst for electrochemical reduction. Therefore, the cathode flow field is also called the cathode gas diffusion channel. An anodic flow field is formed between the anode plate and the MEA. One of the main tasks of the anode plate is to uniformly distribute the fuel gas (usually hydrogen) to the anode side of the MEA. To this end, the anode plate is designed with specific flow channels that effectively disperse hydrogen from the inlet to the entire electrode surface, promoting the decomposition of hydrogen molecules on the catalyst layer and releasing electrons and protons. Therefore, the anode flow field is also called the anode gas diffusion channel.

[0039] To guide fluids (including anodic and cathodic fluids) from the inlet of a single cell to the corresponding flow field, the following technical approach can be used for guidance and distribution:

[0040] First, a separate manifold connects the common gas channel (a hole in the electrode plate used to introduce external hydrogen or air into the single cell) to the corresponding flow field. While this achieves fluid guidance and distribution and eliminates the risk of short circuits across the single cell, the existence of the manifold as a separate component increases the complexity and cost of single-cell assembly, hinders integration, and occupies additional space. Furthermore, it places higher demands on materials and manufacturing processes, potentially increasing costs; the separate component also increases the complexity of single-cell assembly alignment and the number of related molds and tooling.

[0041] Secondly, multiple slots are formed on the outer frame of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This sealed frame is then assembled with the electrode plates to form a fuel cell. Fluid enters the electrode plates through these slots, dividing the plates into inlet / outlet areas, transition areas, and reaction areas. However, the design of these flow-guiding slots is significantly affected by the MEA structure. Typically, the MEA is relatively thin, making it easy for the two electrode plates to contact each other when forming the slots, potentially causing a short circuit in the cell. Furthermore, thin slots result in poor fuel fluid flow, leading to high fluid transport resistance and reduced cell reaction efficiency. Conversely, using a thicker MEA frame makes slot fabrication difficult and results in poor precision, similarly impacting fluid transport efficiency.

[0042] Combination Figures 1 to 6 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this application, one aspect of this application provides a single cell, which includes an anode plate 1, a cathode plate 2, a frame structure 3, and a separator 6. The frame structure 3 is located between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2. The frame structure 3 has a reaction zone 5 in its middle for accommodating a membrane electrode 4. The frame structure 3 has a common gas channel 31. The frame structure 3 has a flow channel 32. One end of the flow channel 32 communicates with the common gas channel 31. The other end of the flow channel 32 communicates with the reaction zone 5. The flow channel 32 includes a through hole penetrating the frame structure 3 along a first direction. The separator 6 is located on one side of the frame structure 3 along the first direction, and the separator 6 is connected to the frame structure 3 such that the separator 6 at least partially blocks one end of the flow channel 32 along the first direction.

[0043] The embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects: by setting a flow channel 32 on the frame structure 3, the fluid is transferred between the common gas channel 31 and the reaction zone 5. The through-hole design of the flow channel 32 can, on the one hand, remove the process restrictions of the frame structure 3 on the flow channel 32, and on the other hand, improve the fluid flow. The set isolation member 6 can effectively prevent the problem of short circuit between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 caused by a single cell passing through the flow channel 32.

[0044] Compared to existing technologies, the embodiments of this application avoid the problem of short circuits on both sides that are easily caused by existing flow guiding structures. Furthermore, they avoid the low stamping precision caused by excessively thick frame, or the deformation of the flow guiding channel 32 during the stamping process. They also reduce the increased assembly difficulty of the single cell caused by the flow guiding channel 32 being a separate component. This solves the technical problem that the gas entering the single cell flow manifold area is obstructed due to the thickness of the membrane electrode frame and the difficulty of processing, resulting in poor flowability and reduced reaction rate of the single cell. The through-hole design increases the space of the flow guiding channel, optimizes gas flow performance, and makes the distribution of hydrogen and oxidant more uniform on both sides of the membrane electrode, improving fluid transport efficiency and thus enhancing the power generation performance and energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell stack.

[0045] The reaction zone 5 is located in the middle of the frame structure 3 and is surrounded by the frame. In the reaction zone 5, the membrane electrode is in close contact with the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 to form an electrochemical reaction interface.

[0046] The reaction zone houses the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the site of electrochemical reactions. On the anode side, hydrogen is decomposed into electrons and protons by the catalyst layer, while on the cathode side, oxygen combines with protons and electrons crossing the membrane to form water. This process generates an electric current, which is the basis for the fuel cell to produce electricity.

[0047] The reaction zone 5 is connected to the common gas channel 31 via a flow channel 32. One end of the flow channel is connected to the common gas channel 31 to receive and distribute the fuel gas hydrogen and the oxidant oxygen from the common gas channel. The other end is connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode 4 to ensure that the gas can directly contact the catalyst for electrochemical reaction.

[0048] The isolator 6 is located on one side of and connected to the frame structure 3, and its purpose is to block part of the inlet of the flow channel 32. The isolator 6 performs at least partial blocking, including complete blocking and partial blocking with a preset precision gap. While the latter is less effective than the former, it still achieves basic functionality. When the isolator is completely blocked, it can prevent short circuits on both sides to the greatest extent. When the isolator is partially blocked, it can also prevent short circuits by increasing the spacing between the two side plates. If the isolator has openings, it is considered a partial blockage; in this case, increasing the spacing between the two side plates can also prevent short circuits. The isolator can also be designed as a single, seamless sheet structure without openings.

[0049] The common gas passage 31, also known as the common manifold, serves as the main conduit. The common manifold is a shared channel that runs through the entire stack of the fuel cell, and is typically located at the edge of the end plate of a single cell and the bipolar plate.

[0050] Furthermore, a first diffusion channel is formed between the anode plate 1 and the membrane electrode 4 in the reaction zone 5. The common gas channel 31 includes an anode gas inlet 311 and an anode gas outlet 312. The anode gas inlet 311 is connected to the upstream end of the first diffusion channel through a guide channel 32, and the anode gas outlet 312 is connected to the downstream end of the first diffusion channel through another guide channel 32.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first diffusion channel is also known as the anode flow field. The design of the first diffusion channel promotes uniform diffusion of hydrogen from the inlet to the membrane electrode, ensuring sufficient contact between the hydrogen and the catalyst. Simultaneously, it helps to effectively separate electrons and protons after the reaction; protons move towards the cathode through the proton exchange membrane, while electrons are guided into the external circuitry. The structural design of the flow channel 32 helps optimize the gas flow path, avoiding dead zones and turbulence, resulting in smoother gas flow, reduced flow resistance, and thus improved fuel cell performance.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the first diffusion channel is equipped with an adjustable valve or a flow guide of a microfluidic system to automatically adjust the gas flow rate according to the battery operating status and the required gas volume, so as to adapt to different load conditions and improve efficiency.

[0053] Furthermore, a second diffusion channel is formed between the cathode plate 2 and the membrane electrode 4 in the reaction zone 5. The common gas channel 31 includes a cathode gas inlet 313 and a cathode gas outlet 314. The cathode gas inlet 313 is connected to the upstream end of the second diffusion channel through a guide channel 32, and the cathode gas outlet 314 is connected to the downstream end of the second diffusion channel through a guide channel 32. Each guide channel 32 is provided with an isolation member 6 on one side along the first direction.

[0054] The second diffusion channel referred to in this embodiment is also known as the cathode flow field. The design of the second diffusion channel helps to ensure the uniform distribution of oxygen and the effective removal of water. Oxygen reaches the membrane electrode through the cathode flow channel and reacts with protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and electrons transferred from the anode plate to generate water. The energy released in this process is converted into electrical energy.

[0055] The gas can be guided more precisely into the diffusion channel by the separator 6 and the flow channel 32, reducing gas waste in non-reactive areas and improving gas utilization. The separator 6 prevents gas from leaking directly from the inlet to the outlet. At the same time, it reduces the possibility of contact between the anode and cathode electrodes, reduces the risk of short circuits, and improves the safety and stability of the battery.

[0056] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, there are four separators 6, corresponding to the separators 6 at the anode inlet, anode outlet, cathode inlet, and cathode outlet, respectively. The separators 6, together with the flow guiding channel 32 (flow guiding manifold) on the membrane electrode frame, form a stable flow guiding channel to ensure smooth gas inflow and outflow. Generally, the overall thickness of the flow guiding channel is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, and the specific thickness can be determined according to the specific flow rate and single cell structure.

[0057] Furthermore, the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel are located on both sides of the frame structure 3, and any one of the flow guiding channels 32 is connected to only one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel along the first direction. That is to say, for any one flow guiding channel 32, it can only guide fluid into one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel. Structurally, a flow port can be opened on the side wall of the flow guiding channel 32 in the extension direction. It is connected to one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel through the flow port, while being relatively independent of the other one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel. This achieves correct fluid guidance, improves the unidirectional flow guidance accuracy of the flow guiding channel, and avoids fluid misalignment caused by the flow guiding channel.

[0058] Furthermore, the isolation element 6 is connected to the frame structure 3 by hot pressing.

[0059] By hot pressing, an integrated membrane electrode structure is formed, avoiding the need for the current guiding channel 32 as a separate component and reducing the complexity of alignment assembly among multiple components in the integrated single-cell assembly process. The integrated structure enhances the integrity and reliability of the membrane electrode, contributing to improved single-cell stability and lifespan. Simultaneously, it simplifies the production process, improves assembly efficiency and consistency, reduces the risk of quality problems due to alignment deviations, and avoids the risk of short circuits caused by direct contact between the cathode and anode plates through excessively thin through-holes, thus improving single-cell safety.

[0060] The separator 6 is connected to the frame structure 3 via hot pressing. This method brings the following beneficial technical effects: Improved sealing: Hot pressing creates a tight, seamless bond, offering superior sealing performance compared to other connection methods (such as adhesive bonding or screw fixing). This effectively prevents gas leakage, ensuring a stable gas environment inside the single cell, thereby improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction and the overall performance of the battery. The hot pressing process involves high temperature and high pressure, which strengthens the bond between materials, increasing the overall strength of the frame structure and separator. This helps resist external pressure and maintain the geometric stability of the battery, especially in multi-layered stacked fuel cell stacks.

[0061] Furthermore, the isolation element 6 has a layered stamped structure, and the circumferential contour of the isolation element 6 is the same as the circumferential contour of the corresponding flow channel 32. That is to say, the isolation elements 6 are all sheet materials, and their shape is consistent with the flow channel 32 (flow manifold) on the frame structure 3.

[0062] Optionally, the spacer 6 is produced using a punching process. The specific process is as follows: a heated cutting tool is used to punch a gasket of the same material as the frame structure 3 to obtain a through-hole structure of the desired shape, which serves as the spacer 6. The spacer 6 remains on the surface of the die during the punching process.

[0063] By superimposing an isolator 6 on the original flow channel 32 of the membrane electrode, the problem of the flow channel being too narrow due to the thin membrane electrode frame is solved. This avoids the anode and cathode plates from directly contacting each other through the thin through-hole and short-circuiting, while ensuring smoother fluid transmission, thereby ensuring the power generation performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the frame structure 3 of the membrane electrode is a skeleton structure. Multiple through-holes are typically distributed on the frame structure 3 as common gas channels 31 (common manifolds) for fuel, air, and coolant to pass through. Simultaneously, near the fuel and air inlet / outlet, there are guide channels 32 (narrow through-holes serving as guide manifolds) to guide fuel or air from the common manifold to the corresponding flow channel (the corresponding first or second diffusion channel), or to guide fuel or air from the flow channel to the common gas channel 31 (common manifold). Typically, the guide channel 32 has a fan-shaped design, with one end of a short arc connected to the common manifold through-hole, its length related to the size and shape of the hydrogen or air common manifold channel. The other end, a long arc, connects to the flow channel on the electrode plate, ensuring that the fluid smoothly reaches the electrode plate through the guide manifold. The middle part of the membrane electrode is the reaction zone, typically containing a diffusion layer of carbon paper, a proton exchange membrane, and a catalyst.

[0065] Furthermore, the flow channel 32 includes multiple sub-holes 320, which are arranged circumferentially along the corresponding common gas channel 31. One end of the sub-hole 320 is connected to the common gas channel 31, and the other end of the sub-hole 320 is connected to the reaction zone 5.

[0066] The design of multiple sub-holes 320 allows for more uniform gas distribution from the common channel to the reaction zone 5, ensuring that each part of the membrane electrode 4 receives sufficient reactants, avoiding local shortages or excesses, and improving reaction efficiency and battery performance. The spacing alters the gas flow path, contributing to more stable hydrodynamic characteristics, reducing eddies and dead zones, and resulting in smoother gas flow, which is beneficial for the continuity and uniformity of the reaction. Compared to a single large-diameter flow channel, multiple small-diameter sub-holes 320 can reduce local resistance to gas flow, especially when the gas flow rate is high, effectively reducing pressure loss and improving gas flow efficiency.

[0067] The design of the sub-pores allows gas to reach the reaction zone more quickly and also promotes the rapid discharge of reaction products. This improves the gas turnover rate of the reaction zone, accelerates the electrochemical reaction rate, and increases the power density of the battery.

[0068] Furthermore, at least one of the separator 6 and the frame structure 3 is coated with an adhesive layer on at least one side along the first direction.

[0069] The pre-coated adhesive layer frame structure 3 simplifies the manufacturing process by requiring only a three-in-one hot-pressing process during single-cell fabrication. The preferred hot-pressing method involves hot-pressing the pre-coated adhesive layer frame structure 3, significantly simplifying the process, reducing complex assembly steps in traditional methods, and substantially improving production efficiency. The pre-coated adhesive layer design eliminates the need for additional glue application and curing processes, reducing production costs and time. The hot-pressing process ensures more reliable sealing and bonding between the membrane electrode and the anode and cathode plates, further enhancing the quality and consistency of the single cell.

[0070] Furthermore, the single cell also includes a cooling chamber sealing strip 7, which is located between the anode plate 1 and the frame structure 3, or between the cathode plate 2 and the frame structure 3. The cooling chamber sealing strip 7 is used to seal between each common gas channel 31, and / or, the cooling chamber sealing strip 7 is used to seal between each common gas channel 31 and the cooling chamber.

[0071] The cooling chamber sealing strip 7 effectively prevents gas leakage within the common gas channel 31, ensuring that gas flows only in the designated path, thus improving the efficiency and safety of the fuel cell. By physically isolating the common gas channel 31 from the cooling chamber, direct contact between the gas and the coolant is avoided, preventing coolant contamination and electrolyte dilution, while ensuring the normal operation of the cooling system. The presence of the cooling chamber sealing strip 7 helps maintain a uniform temperature distribution within the fuel cell stack, ensuring that the membrane electrode 4 operates within its optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction and the battery life. By integrating the cooling chamber sealing strip 7 between the frame structure 3 and the electrode plate, the use of additional sealing elements is reduced, simplifying the battery structure and lowering assembly complexity and production costs.

[0072] The cooling chamber sealing strips 7 are connected together in the form of long strips or islands. Their cross-sections are often rectangular, trapezoidal, elliptical or irregular shapes. Their path trajectory mainly serves to prevent the leakage of cooling chamber liquid, the flow of gas from the anode chamber to the cooling chamber, and the flow of gas from the cathode chamber to the cooling chamber. At the same time, the sealing trajectory of the gas chamber plays a supporting and guiding role locally.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the cooling chamber sealing strip 7 includes a coolant flow channel guiding structure, such as microgrooves or a spiral path, to optimize coolant flow, improve heat exchange efficiency, and reduce pumping power consumption.

[0074] In another optional embodiment, the cooling chamber sealing strip 7 has a multi-stage sealing structure, such as a main sealing ring and an auxiliary sealing ring, to cope with pressure changes under different working conditions and ensure that good sealing performance is maintained under any circumstances.

[0075] In the technical solution provided in this application, an integrated membrane electrode structure is formed by using a frame structure 3 hot-pressed separator (flow manifold gasket), avoiding the use of independent flow manifold parts and simplifying assembly and mold tooling requirements. Simultaneously, the flow manifold design of the membrane electrode frame is optimized; by superimposing the separator on the existing flow manifold, the risk of fluid transport obstruction and short circuit caused by an excessively thin membrane electrode frame is solved. Furthermore, the use of a pre-coated adhesive layer membrane electrode frame material simplifies the manufacturing process of the single cell, and the three-in-one hot-pressing process ensures reliable bonding between components. The following technical effects are achieved: the integrated membrane electrode structure significantly reduces the assembly difficulty of the single cell, improving production efficiency and product quality; the superposition of the flow manifold gasket effectively prevents short circuits between the anode and cathode plates, while optimizing the fluid transport path and improving the reaction performance of the single cell; and the application of the pre-coated adhesive layer and the three-in-one hot-pressing process simplify the manufacturing process, reduce costs, and improve the sealing and stability of the single cell.

[0076] This application provides an embodiment of a single-cell assembly method for producing the single-cell battery described above. The assembly method includes:

[0077] Step S1: Pre-apply hot melt adhesive layer to both sides of the frame structure 3 along the first direction;

[0078] Step S2: Move the isolation component 6 coated with hot melt adhesive layer to one side of the frame structure 3, and make each isolation component 6 correspond to the corresponding flow channel 32. Connect the isolation component 6 to the frame structure 3 by hot pressing to form an intermediate body.

[0079] Step S3: Stack the anode plate 1, intermediate body, and cathode plate 2 in sequence, and then heat-press them to obtain a single cell.

[0080] In one specific embodiment, combined with Figure 7 As shown, the assembly method includes:

[0081] Step 1: Pre-assembly of membrane electrode: Select frame structure 3 with pre-coated hot melt adhesive layers on both sides. The thickness of the hot melt adhesive layer is usually between 0.01 and 0.05 mm, and the thickness of the frame is usually between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. The material is usually insulating material such as PEN, PET or PI. The main outline shape of the membrane electrode frame is punched out using relevant molds and then locally hot-pressed with carbon paper, proton exchange membrane and catalyst to form a membrane electrode assembly.

[0082] Step 2: Punching the Isolator (Manifold Gasket): Using a heated cutting tool, the gasket of the same frame material is punched to obtain a through-hole structure of the desired shape, serving as Isolator 6. Isolator 6 remains on the die surface during the punching process.

[0083] Step 3: Membrane Electrode Integration: The mold is transferred to the next processing station to continue the punching operation of the membrane electrode frame. During this process, the spacer 6 on the mold is simultaneously transferred above the membrane electrode frame, and pressure is applied by the mold to ensure close contact between the two. By continuously heating the mold, the hot melt adhesive pre-coated on the surfaces of the two sheets softens, activates, and bonds at a predetermined temperature. Finally, the spacer 6 and the membrane electrode frame are firmly integrated to form a complete membrane electrode structure assembly. The airtightness of the membrane electrode is then checked.

[0084] Step 4: Three-in-one thermo-pressed integrated single cell: The cooling chamber sealing strip is connected to the cathode plate by injection molding, transfer printing or adhesive bonding. Then, the anode plate, membrane electrode and cathode plate are stacked in sequence. The adhesive layer on the frame surface is activated by local heating at 100~150℃ and pressure holding for 5~30s to ensure the integrated structure of anode plate-membrane electrode-cathode plate is cured.

[0085] The technical solution of this application provides an integrated single cell frame structure, a single cell structure, and a single cell manufacturing process. In particular, the design and preparation process of the gas flow manifold channel on the frame for entering the single cell simplifies the relevant preparation molds, tooling, and preparation procedures. It avoids low punching accuracy due to excessive frame thickness or deformation of the flow manifold channel during punching. It also reduces the increased difficulty of single cell assembly process caused by the flow manifold being a separate part.

[0086] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a fuel cell is provided, including the single cell in the above embodiments.

[0087] Multiple integrated single cells can be connected in series or parallel to form a larger fuel cell stack to meet higher power demands. The following is its specific workflow:

[0088] Anode: Compressed hydrogen and other fuels are delivered to the flow distribution structure of each single cell through a common manifold. They are then evenly distributed to the anode region of the membrane electrode through the flow channels on the anode plate. Excess or waste fuels are collected through the flow channels on the anode plate and then discharged into the common anode channel through the flow channels, and finally discharged outside the stack.

[0089] Cathode: Air or pure oxygen is used as an oxidant and enters the flow system through the common manifold. Then, guided by the cathode plate, it is evenly distributed to the cathode part of the membrane electrode. The generated water is then collected from the flow channels on the cathode plate to the flow manifold, and then discharged from the flow manifold channel to the cathode common channel, and finally discharged outside the stack.

[0090] Power output: The electrical energy generated by a single battery is used through an external load (such as an electric motor, electronic equipment, or the power grid).

[0091] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the fuel cell described in the above embodiments.

[0092] Terminology Explanation:

[0093] Anode plate: Designed with flow channels to distribute hydrogen and water. As the current collector on the cathode side, it is responsible for collecting current and uniformly distributing external reactive gases (such as hydrogen) to the catalyst layer; the surface of the metal material is often covered with a conductive and corrosion-resistant coating, while in sealed areas the substrate may be exposed to facilitate bonding with the sealant layer on the upper surface of the membrane electrode frame.

[0094] Cathode plate: Designed with flow channels to distribute oxygen and water, responsible for collecting current and uniformly distributing external reactive gases (such as oxygen) to the catalyst layer; simultaneously, it discharges the generated water. The surface of the metal material is often coated with a conductive and corrosion-resistant coating, while in sealed areas the substrate may be exposed to facilitate bonding with the sealant layer of the membrane electrode frame.

[0095] The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a core component of a fuel cell, responsible for realizing the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, and is usually a combination of components.

[0096] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0097] In this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0098] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc., in this application (if present) are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0099] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "single battery and / or B" can represent: a single battery existing alone, a single battery and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0100] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed sequentially or randomly. For example, the method includes steps B and C, indicating that the method may include steps B and C performed sequentially, or it may include steps C and C performed sequentially. For example, the method may also include step C, indicating that step C may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps B and C, or it may include steps C, C and B, or it may include steps C, B, and C, etc.

Claims

1. A single battery, characterized in that, The single cell includes an anode plate (1), a cathode plate (2), and further includes: A frame structure (3) is located between the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (2). The frame structure (3) has a reaction zone (5) in the middle that accommodates the membrane electrode (4). The frame structure (3) has a common gas channel (31) and a flow channel (32). One end of the flow channel (32) is connected to the common gas channel (31), and the other end of the flow channel (32) is connected to the reaction zone (5). The flow channel (32) includes a through hole that penetrates the frame structure (3) along a first direction. An isolator (6) is located on one side of the frame structure (3) along the first direction, and the isolator (6) is connected to the frame structure (3) so that the isolator (6) at least partially blocks one end of the flow channel (32) along the first direction.

2. The single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first diffusion channel is formed between the anode plate (1) and the membrane electrode (4) in the reaction zone (5). The common gas channel (31) includes an anode gas inlet (311) and an anode gas outlet (312). The anode gas inlet (311) is connected to the upstream end of the first diffusion channel through a flow guide channel (32), and the anode gas outlet (312) is connected to the downstream end of the first diffusion channel through another flow guide channel (32).

3. The single battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second diffusion channel is formed between the cathode plate (2) and the membrane electrode (4) in the reaction zone (5). The common gas channel (31) includes a cathode gas inlet (313) and a cathode gas outlet (314). The cathode gas inlet (313) is connected to the upstream end of the second diffusion channel through a flow guide channel (32). The cathode gas outlet (314) is connected to the downstream end of the second diffusion channel through a flow guide channel (32). Each flow guide channel (32) is provided with an isolation member (6) on one side along the first direction.

4. The single battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel are located on both sides of the frame structure (3), and any one of the flow guiding channels (32) is connected to only one of the first diffusion channel and the second diffusion channel along the first direction.

5. The single battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The isolation element (6) is connected to the frame structure (3) by hot pressing.

6. The single battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The isolation element (6) has a layered stamped structure, and the circumferential contour of the isolation element (6) is the same as the circumferential contour of the corresponding flow channel (32).

7. The single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow channel (32) includes a plurality of sub-holes (320), which are arranged circumferentially along the corresponding common gas channel (31). One end of the sub-hole (320) is connected to the common gas channel (31), and the other end of the sub-hole (320) is connected to the reaction zone (5).

8. The single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the separator (6) and the frame structure (3) is coated with an adhesive layer on at least one side along the first direction.

9. The single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single cell also includes a cooling chamber sealing strip (7), which is located between the anode plate (1) and the frame structure (3), or between the cathode plate (2) and the frame structure (3). The cooling chamber sealing strip (7) is used to seal between each of the common gas channels (31), and / or, the cooling chamber sealing strip (7) is used to seal between each of the common gas channels (31) and the cooling chamber.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that, The single cell includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the fuel cell described in claim 10.

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