Battery open circuit discharge output holding circuit

Abstract

This utility model discloses a battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit for centralized power supplies in accordance with GB17945-2024 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Guidance Systems", applicable to at least three batteries connected in series. Its core is an independent open-circuit control unit for each battery cell, comprising a fuse connected in series in the electrode circuit and a bypass conduction component connected in parallel across its terminals. The bypass component has two implementation methods: one is a diode scheme, with the diode anode connected to the battery side and the cathode connected to the output side, supplemented by a heat dissipation device; the other is a controlled switch scheme, where a logic processing circuit drives a MOSFET or relay to control the switch to conduct when an open circuit is detected. This solution fully meets the requirement of GB17945-2024 that the discharge termination voltage of a battery (pack) should not be less than 80% of its rated operating voltage; and it eliminates the need to consider increasing the fuse R rating to address open circuits, thus avoiding compliance risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire emergency power supply technology, specifically a battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit. Background Technology

[0002] GB17945-2024 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Guidance System" Centralized Power Supply (abbreviated as "Emergency Lighting Centralized Power Supply") specifically refers to a power supply that uses battery power or other energy storage components as energy storage devices to supply power to centralized power supply type fire emergency lighting fixtures.

[0003] The centralized power supply described in GB17945-2024 is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is divided into Type A and Type B; according to control characteristics, it is divided into centralized control type and non-centralized control type; centralized control type has centralized power supply and centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures; centralized power supply and non-centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures; more specifically, the emergency lighting controller controls the working status of Type A emergency lighting centralized power supply and Type B emergency lighting centralized power supply respectively. Type A emergency lighting centralized power supply controls the working status of Type A centralized power supply centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures or Type A centralized power supply non-centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures, and Type B emergency lighting centralized power supply controls the working status of Type B centralized power supply centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures or Type B centralized power supply non-centralized control of fire emergency lighting fixtures.

[0004] Type A emergency lighting centralized power supply specifically refers to a centralized power supply where both the main power supply and the battery power supply use DC output, and the rated output voltage of both the main power supply and the battery power supply does not exceed DC 48V; GB17945-2024 does not specify the rated output voltage of centralized power supplies, and currently products can be mainly divided into three levels: DC24V, DC36V, and DC48V; GB17945-2024 also does not specify the input voltage of Type A centralized power supply fire emergency lighting fixtures, and it is generally set in two levels: DC14.4V-DC45V and DC36V-DC60V, depending on the withstand voltage of the device.

[0005] Type B emergency lighting centralized power supply specifically refers to an emergency lighting centralized power supply that uses AC output or DC output with a rated output voltage greater than DC 48V.

[0006] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.7.6.1, limits the rated capacity of centralized power supplies: the rated capacity when using lithium-ion batteries should not exceed 0.5 kVAh; the rated capacity when using lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, or nickel-hydrogen batteries should not exceed 5 kVAh. Clause 5.7.8.1 further stipulates that the minimum initial emergency response time should not be less than 90 minutes.

[0007] GB17945-2024 stipulates in Clause 5.3.11.1-b that when the rated operating voltage of the battery pack of a centralized power supply is greater than DC 12V (referring to the total voltage), the battery should be divided into sections, and each battery should be equipped with an independent short-circuit protection device; each battery cell should adopt the smallest battery package that is safely sealed and has independent lead-out electrodes; its nominal rated operating voltage should not exceed DC 12V.

[0008] GB17945-2024 does not specify the number of battery cells in a Type A or Type B centralized power supply. This patent relates to a Type A or Type B centralized power supply consisting of only three or more batteries (each with a rated voltage of DC12V) (maximum number of batteries of 20).

[0009] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.3.11.16-a, stipulates that the protection setting current value shall not exceed twice the rated operating current of the circuit it is set to. When the rated operating current of the circuit is greater than 6A, the protection setting current value of the overload protection device shall not exceed 1.5 times the rated operating current of the circuit it is set to.

[0010] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.7.2-c, specifies the fault alarm function of the centralized power supply associated with the battery: the operation of the battery power management unit discharge circuit open circuit, short circuit, and overload protection device.

[0011] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.7.6.3-a, stipulates that the battery power supply of the centralized power supply for emergency lighting shall consist of one or more battery power management units.

[0012] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.7.7.1, specifies the battery temperature monitoring and alarm function of the battery power management unit.

[0013] GB17945-2024, Clause 5.7.7.4, specifies the discharge output retention performance of the battery power management unit: When the emergency lighting centralized power supply discharges at its rated output power, the battery power management unit with no less than 3 batteries should be able to discharge for no less than 10 minutes under the following two conditions.

[0014] Scenario 1: Any battery in the battery pack is open-circuited.

[0015] Scenario 2: At least 1 / 3 of the batteries in the battery pack have stopped discharging.

[0016] GB17945-2024 Clause 5.7.7.5-a specifies the over-discharge protection performance of the battery power management unit: there should be over-discharge protection, and the discharge termination voltage of the battery (pack) should not be less than 80% of its rated operating voltage.

[0017] The current product technical solution is as follows.

[0018] See Figure 3 According to GB17945-2024, for similar CCC mandatory certification products currently available in the market, the technical solution for maintaining the output of any battery in a centralized power supply consisting of three (each DC12V) batteries when any battery is open-circuited and discharged is present; in the figure, j1, j2 and j3 are conversion relays; the battery voltage sampling line is a simplified representation, and in practice, there are generally two voltage signal lines for each battery.

[0019] Figure 4 The plan and Figure 3 Almost the same, the only difference is that j1, j2 and j3 are changed from changeover type to normally open type relays, and MOSFETs are also used instead of normally open relays.

[0020] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The working principle is that when a single fuse blows, the connecting wires (the single fuse's inlet and outlet wires and the battery's negative terminal wire) are cut off, or the battery's (+) and (-) crimp terminals are loosened, the logic processing circuit determines the corresponding open circuit location (e.g., from battery B1 to battery B3), and the corresponding relay (j1, j2, or j3) is activated, causing the contacts to switch or close, thus maintaining the battery's discharge output.

[0021] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Features of the technical solution: The rated total voltage of the battery (pack) is normally DC36V, and the output voltage drops to DC24V after any battery is opened and discharged.

[0022] According to GB17945-2024 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Guidance Systems", Figure 3 and Figure 4 The main shortcomings of the technical solution are as follows:

[0023] Deficiency a: When the rated power of the centralized power supply is 1000W, calculated based on the rated voltage of the battery DC36V, the rated value of the battery fuse should be selected as <1.5*1000 / 36=42A, generally 40A is selected; when the voltage of a single battery is maintained at DC24V after being opened, its rated operating current = 1000w / 24w=41.7A; it is unreasonable not to increase the rated value of the fuse, as it may not be able to carry the load, but increasing the fuse value does not meet the requirements of clause 5.3.11.6, so this item can be judged as unqualified.

[0024] Deficiency b: According to Clause 5.7.7.5-a of GB17945-2024, the minimum discharge termination voltage of a battery (pack) with a rated voltage of DC36V is 36V * 80% = 28.8V. When the discharge output voltage drops to DC36V after open circuit, the battery (pack) discharge termination voltage must be modified by software. Violation of Clause 5.7.7.5 can also result in this item being deemed unqualified.

[0025] Shortcoming c: When the discharge output voltage drops to DC36V after the circuit is opened, although the lamp's operating voltage can be reduced to DC36V*60%=21.6V or lower to still light it, in actual applications the circuit cross-section is determined according to DC36V. This increases the operating current of the DC36V centralized power supply type fire emergency lamps normally connected to the original system, resulting in a larger voltage drop and creating a vicious cycle. Therefore... Figure 3 and Figure 4 A common technical solution is to add a DC-DC boost converter (that is, to boost DC24V to DC36V) before the output circuit of the centralized power supply to provide emergency power to DC36V centralized power supply type fire emergency lighting fixtures. Summary of the Invention

[0026] This utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of this utility model is to provide a battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit that fully meets the requirement that the battery's discharge termination voltage should not be less than 80% of its rated operating voltage, without needing to increase the fuse R rating to cope with open circuits and avoid compliance risks; simultaneously, the discharge time after open circuit can be set to not less than 30 minutes, far exceeding the requirement of not less than 10 minutes of discharge specified in GB17945-2024.

[0027] This utility model also provides a battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit for at least three batteries with a rated voltage of DC12V connected in series, including multiple open-circuit control units, each unit corresponding to a single battery cell, and including the following.

[0028] The fuse R is connected in series in the battery's electrode circuit.

[0029] A bypass conducting component is connected in parallel across the two ends of the fuse R.

[0030] The bypass conduction component is any one of the following.

[0031] Bypass conduction group a: Diode D, whose anode is connected to the battery side electrode of fuse R, and whose cathode is connected to the output side electrode of fuse R, and is equipped with a heat dissipation device, which includes a temperature control switch and a fan.

[0032] Bypass conduction group b: MOSFET or relay, which is controlled by a logic processing circuit that detects the open state of the fuse and controls the MOSFET or relay to conduct.

[0033] Specifically, when the bypass conduction component a is used, the diode D, the fuse R and the temperature control switch are in close contact with the aluminum-based circuit board, and the contacts of the temperature control switch are connected in series to the fan power supply circuit.

[0034] Specifically, the temperature control switch closes the fan power supply circuit when the diode temperature rises to 50 to 60°C.

[0035] Specifically, when the bypass conduction component b is used, the logic processing circuit determines the open circuit status of the fuse by detecting sudden changes in battery voltage.

[0036] Specifically, the logic processing circuit triggers an audible and visual alarm when the fuse is open.

[0037] Specifically, the open-circuit control unit is located at the negative terminal of each battery cell.

[0038] Specifically, all open-circuit control units are integrated onto a single circuit board.

[0039] Specifically, a main fuse is provided at the main positive or main negative terminal of the battery pack, with the bypass conductive component connected in parallel at both ends.

[0040] The battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit provided by this utility model solves the core problems in the prior art, such as sudden drop in system voltage, non-compliant fuse selection, and insufficient discharge time caused by the open circuit of a single battery cell, through innovative design of the basic scheme and extended scheme. The specific beneficial effects are as follows.

[0041] 1. After the open-circuit control board activates, the maximum forward voltage drop of the diode / MOSFET solution is ≤0.7V, while the minimum for the relay solution is 0V. Based on a single 12V battery, the maximum total system voltage drop after open-circuit operation is only 0.7V, with a drop of ≤6%, far below the requirement of GB17945-2024 that the discharge termination voltage be ≥80% of the rated voltage, resulting in minimal voltage drop. Furthermore, the basic solution uses a diode in parallel with a fuse for automatic freewheeling; the extended solution uses a MOSFET or relay to achieve near-zero voltage drop conduction, fully meeting national standard voltage requirements and mitigating compliance risks as follows.

[0042] Second, existing technologies require increasing the fuse rating to address the issue of increased current after opening the circuit, which violates the requirement in Article 5.3.11.6 of GB17945-2024 that the fuse setting value should be ≤1.5 times the rated current. This utility model avoids compliance risks by eliminating the need to adjust the fuse parameters and achieves the effect of not needing to modify the fuse rating.

[0043] Third, after opening the circuit, it can continuously discharge for ≥30 minutes, which is more than 3 times longer than the ≥10 minutes required by GB17945-2024. The discharge time is significantly extended and far exceeds the national standard requirements.

[0044] IV. Basic Solution: Diode freewheeling combined with temperature-controlled fan cooling to avoid overheating and interruption of discharge; Additionally, extended solution: MOSFET / relay active control of conduction, resulting in lower power consumption and higher discharge efficiency.

[0045] V. The extended solution can solve three types of open circuit faults as follows: 5.1 Single fuse blown; 5.2 Connection wires (fuse input and output wires, battery connection wires) cut off; 5.3 Loose battery positive / negative terminal crimping; In addition, the logic processing circuit monitors voltage changes in real time, triggers MOSFET / relay to conduct and alarms.

[0046] VI. The basic solution requires only diodes, temperature control switches, and fans, reducing the number of components compared to existing technologies, resulting in lower costs and a significantly reduced failure rate. In addition, the extended solution uses logic circuits to intelligently control MOSFETs and relays, eliminating the need for fans and controlling the temperature rise to <50℃, thus simplifying the structure. Furthermore, the open-circuit control board can be distributed on the positive and negative terminals of each battery cell, or integrated into a single board, adapting to 3–20 series battery packs and multiple parallel systems, providing strong scalability and modular design.

[0047] VII. The basic scheme's open-circuit action and audible / visual alarm operate independently, with transient voltage drop dynamically triggering fault location. The extended scheme's open-circuit action and alarm are linked, with the logic circuit precisely controlling the conduction of the freewheeling device based on the open-circuit voltage difference; it supports dual-state fault detection for charging / discharging, covering the open-circuit, short-circuit, and overload alarm functions required by Clause 5.7.2-c of GB17945-2024. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 This is the first explanatory diagram of GB17945-2024 concerning centralized power supplies, controllers and lighting systems in the background art.

[0050] Figure 2 This is the second explanatory diagram in GB17945-2024 concerning centralized power supplies, controllers, and lighting systems.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the first implementation principle framework of the background technology.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the second implementation principle framework of the background technology.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the second embodiment of this utility model.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the third embodiment of this utility model.

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the fourth embodiment of this utility model.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the fifth embodiment of this utility model.

[0058] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of the sixth embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0060] The following is for reference. Figures 5 to 10 This invention describes a battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising a power supply for at least three batteries with a rated voltage of DC12V connected in series, including: a plurality of open-circuit control units, each unit corresponding to a single battery cell, comprising the following:

[0061] The fuse R is connected in series in the battery's electrode circuit.

[0062] A bypass conducting component is connected in parallel across the two ends of the fuse R.

[0063] The bypass conduction component is any one of the following.

[0064] Bypass conduction group a: Diode D, whose anode is connected to the battery side electrode of fuse R, and whose cathode is connected to the output side electrode of fuse R, and is equipped with a heat dissipation device, which includes a temperature control switch and a fan.

[0065] Bypass conduction group b: MOSFET or relay, which is controlled by a logic processing circuit that detects the open state of the fuse and controls the MOSFET or relay to conduct.

[0066] When bypass conduction component a is used, the diode D, fuse R, and temperature control switch are in close contact with the aluminum-based circuit board, and the contacts of the temperature control switch are connected in series with the fan power supply circuit. The temperature control switch closes the fan power supply circuit when the diode temperature rises to 50 to 60°C.

[0067] When bypass conduction component b is used, the logic processing circuit determines the open circuit state of the fuse by detecting sudden changes in battery voltage.

[0068] Specifically, the logic processing circuit triggers an audible and visual alarm when the fuse is open. The open-circuit control unit is located at the negative terminal of each battery cell. The open-circuit control unit is integrated onto a single circuit board. A main fuse is located at either the main positive or main negative terminal of the battery pack, with the bypass conduction component connected in parallel across its two ends.

[0069] The following content further explains the above technical solution.

[0070] For example: a power supply for at least three batteries with a rated voltage of DC12V for series connection; applicable to emergency lighting centralized power supplies as described in GB17945-2024 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Guidance System", equipment emergency power supplies as described in GB16806 "Fire Linkage Control System", and battery-type emergency power supplies involved in fire protection product standards.

[0071] (1) The basic solution is aimed at solving the single open circuit method of a single battery fuse; the extended solution not only solves the single battery fuse blowout, but also solves the comprehensive open circuit method of any one of the three types of connection wire cut-off and battery positive and negative crimp terminals.

[0072] (2) The basic scheme open circuit control board (unit) consists of a single battery fuse R, diode D, temperature control switch and fan; fuse R, diode D and temperature control switch are all attached to the aluminum base circuit board, and the contacts of the temperature control switch are connected in series to the power supply circuit of the cooling fan; the extended scheme open circuit control board (unit) uses MOSFET or relay j to replace diode D, and logic processing circuit needs to be added. At the same time, the use of MOSFET (when the current is not large after the battery is open circuit and the temperature rise is less than 50℃) or relay j can eliminate the need for temperature control switch and fan.

[0073] (3) The basic scheme adopts an open-circuit control board (unit), which can be distributed at the positive or negative terminals of each battery (i.e., along with the fuse of a single battery); the extended scheme is to be integrated into one open-circuit control board (unit) for processing.

[0074] This utility model is divided into a basic scheme and an extended scheme as follows.

[0075] Basic scheme: (1) Diode D is connected in parallel to single-cell battery fuse R; (2) In the emergency discharge state of the battery, the discharge current forms a circuit through the single-cell battery fuse R, and there is no current in the diode channel; when the fuse R is open, the circuit automatically continues to discharge through the diode (transient voltage drop 0.5-0.7 volts). Due to the large discharge current, the diode temperature rises and reaches the temperature control switch control point (about 50-60 degrees). The temperature control switch is activated and the fan is turned on for heat dissipation. (3) The battery voltage sampling of the basic scheme is carried out through the +36V terminal and the negative signal lines of single-cell batteries B1, B2 and B3. The built-in logic processing of the power supply judges the dynamic capture based on the transient voltage drop of 0.5-0.7 volts and reports the open circuit fault location (audio and visual alarm); if the sampling voltage of the single-cell battery suddenly rises when the fuse R is open in the charging state, the open circuit fault location of the fuse R can also be reported (audio and visual alarm). (4) The open-circuit discharge output of the basic scheme is independent of the audible and visual alarm of the open-circuit fault.

[0076] Extended solutions: (1) Replace diode D with MOSFET or relay j and connect it in parallel to the single-cell battery fuse R. A logic processing circuit is needed to control the function of MOSFET or relay j. Using MOSFET (when the temperature rise is less than 50℃) or relay j can eliminate the need for a temperature control switch and fan. (2) In the emergency discharge state of the battery, the discharge current forms a loop through the single-cell battery fuse R, and there is no current in the MOSFET or relay j channel. When fuse R is open, the MOSFET or relay j circuit continues to discharge (the voltage drop of the MOSFET is generally 0.2-0.7 volts, and the relay has no voltage drop). (3) The battery voltage sampling in the extended solution is the same as the basic solution. In the emergency discharge state of the battery, the voltage difference of the single-cell battery fuse R is 0, which can be used to report the open-circuit fault location (audio-visual alarm) and control the MOSFET or relay j to conduct or engage. If, in the charging state, the sampling voltage of the single-cell battery suddenly rises after the single-cell battery fuse R is open, the open-circuit fault location of fuse R can also be reported (audio-visual alarm). (4) The open-circuit discharge output of the basic scheme is associated with the audible and visual alarm of the open-circuit fault.

[0077] The first common feature of the basic and extended schemes is that the fuse for a single battery cell is located at the negative terminal (not the positive terminal) of each battery cell; the open circuit control board (unit) can be distributed and placed at the negative terminal.

[0078] The second commonality between the basic and extended schemes is that the open-circuit control board (unit) and its logic processing circuit can also be integrated into a single open-circuit control board (unit) for processing.

[0079] The number of batteries can be expanded to 4 to 20 in series. The open-circuit control board (unit) and its logic processing circuit can be arranged in segments in each series unit or combined into a single processing unit. It includes at least two parallel battery power management units; each management unit contains 3 to 20 series-connected battery banks, with each bank outputting in parallel. Each battery bank has the aforementioned open-circuit control board (unit) and its logic processing circuit, or is combined into a single processing unit. Additionally, a battery bank main fuse is added, located at the main positive or main negative terminal of the battery bank, and the two ends of the main fuse are connected in parallel to the open-circuit control board (unit) and its logic processing circuit, or are combined into a single processing unit.

[0080] Regarding the appendix Figures 5 to 10 Further explanation is as follows.

[0081] Figure 5 The diagram shows a basic scheme for maintaining the output of any one of the batteries in a centralized power supply consisting of three batteries when the fuse is open-circuited.

[0082] In the diagram, B1, B2, B3 to Bn represent 12V batteries, "+" and "-" represent the positive and negative terminals of the battery, T represents a temperature sensor, RZ represents the main circuit fuse of the battery, R represents a single-cell battery fuse, D represents a diode, PCB-T represents a temperature sampling board, PCB-K represents an open-circuit control board, X represents the lead wire segment from the positive terminal of the battery to the fuse of the open-circuit control board, XZ1 and XZ2 represent the input and input lead wire segments of the main circuit fuse of the battery, XF1 and XF2 represent the connecting lead wire segments between single-cell battery fuses, and XZ3 represents the full-out lead wire segment of the negative terminal of the main circuit of the battery.

[0083] See Figure 5 As shown, the working principle of this circuit is as follows: In emergency discharge mode, the discharge current forms a loop through the single-cell battery fuse R, and there is no current in the diode channel; when the fuse R is open, the loop automatically continues to discharge through the diode, and the transient voltage drop is 0.5 to 0.7V. Due to the large discharge current, the diode D temperature rises and reaches the temperature control switch control point, with a temperature of about 50 to 60 degrees. The temperature control switch is activated, and the fan turns on to dissipate heat.

[0084] This solution samples the battery voltage through the +36V terminal and the negative terminals of individual battery cells B1, B2, and B3. The built-in logic processing circuit of the centralized power supply dynamically captures transient voltage drops of 0.5 to 0.7V and reports the fault alarm location specified in Clause 5.7.2-c of GB17945-2024. Additionally, if the sampled voltage of this battery cell suddenly increases while charging and fuse R is open, a fuse R open-circuit fault location will also be reported.

[0085] This solution is a single-circuit opening method that only targets the fuse opening of a single battery cell.

[0086] Features: When any battery is open-circuited, the discharge output voltage is maintained at 36 - (0.5~0.7) = 35.5V~35.3V, not DC 36V.

[0087] Figure 6 The proposed solution is Figure 5 The upgraded version of the scheme shown, namely the extended scheme, can be expanded to include three types of open circuit modes with only simple line additions: single-cell battery fuse blowing, single-cell fuse input and output lines and battery interconnection disconnection, and loosening of the battery's (+) and (-) crimp terminals. It belongs to the full range of single-cell battery open circuit output modes (note that the XZ3 line segment is the negative terminal return line, not a single-cell battery connection line, and cannot be disconnected). In the figure, D3 represents the line from the positive terminal of the battery to the input terminal of the open circuit control diode, D4 ​​represents the output terminal of the open circuit control board diode, XK is the line segment from the positive terminal of the battery to the open circuit control board diode, and XK1, XK2, and XK3 represent the output line segments of the open circuit control board diode.

[0088] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The plan is Figure 5 The illustrated scheme is a variation of the same principle, and also an extended scheme: replacing the diode with a MOSFET or relay, but requiring an external control circuit; it can also be used... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Based on the plan Figure 6 The solution was changed to <full-range single-cell battery open-circuit output mode>, which is an upgraded mode based on this principle. In the figure, MOS represents a field-effect transistor and K represents a temperature control switch.

[0089] Figure 9 With the above Figures 5 to 8 The scheme shown is a variation of the full-range single-cell battery open-circuit output mode based on the same principle, and is also an extended scheme: the open-circuit control board is changed from a separate arrangement for each single battery cell to a single arrangement, while the underlying principle remains completely the same. Additionally, a diode D0 is connected in parallel to the main fuse, with the anode connected to the main positive terminal and the cathode connected to the main negative terminal.

[0090] Figure 10 As shown, the use of 4 to 20 batteries in series for centralized power supply is also an extended solution. The segmented charging input shown in the figure are all the same effective method.

[0091] Figures 5 to 10 The technical solution shown overcomes the limitations of existing technologies. Figures 2 to 3 Insufficient technical solutions.

[0092] The solution covers three types of open circuits: single-cell battery fuse, wire cut-off, and loose crimped terminals. The weakest point in practical applications is the single-cell battery fuse. Although the probability of wire cut-off and loose terminal failures is low in actual applications, this solution still provides a full-range protection mechanism to meet the stringent system reliability requirements of GB17945-2024.

[0093] Figures 5 to 10 The technical solution shows that the centralized power supply has 3 to 20 batteries, and the fuse for each battery is located at the positive terminal of the battery; the following variations are all effective methods based on the same principle.

[0094] Change method 1: Figures 5 to 10 The technical solution incorporates two or more battery power management units, that is, it adopts two or more battery packs (each pack consists of 3 to 20 batteries connected in series to form a rated voltage of DC36V or DC48V) in parallel.

[0095] Variation 2: Set the single-cell battery fuse to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0096] Variation 3: Used for the main circuit fuse of the battery; including the method of setting the main circuit fuse at the main positive terminal or the main negative terminal.

[0097] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery open-circuit discharge output holding circuit for use with at least three batteries connected in series with a rated voltage of DC12V, characterized in that: include: Multiple open-circuit control units, each corresponding to a single battery cell, including: Fuse R is connected in series in the battery's electrode circuit; A bypass conducting component is connected in parallel across the two ends of the fuse R; The bypass conduction component is any one of the following: Bypass conduction group a: Diode D, whose anode is connected to the battery side electrode of fuse R, and whose cathode is connected to the output side electrode of fuse R, and is equipped with a heat dissipation device, which includes a temperature control switch and a fan; Bypass conduction group b: MOSFET or relay, which is controlled by a logic processing circuit that detects the open state of the fuse and controls the MOSFET or relay to conduct.

2. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When bypass conduction component a is used, the diode D, fuse R and temperature control switch are in close contact with the aluminum-based circuit board, and the contacts of the temperature control switch are connected in series to the fan power supply circuit.

3. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature control switch closes the fan power supply circuit when the diode temperature rises to 50 to 60°C.

4. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When bypass conduction component b is used, the logic processing circuit determines the open circuit state of the fuse by detecting sudden changes in battery voltage.

5. The circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The logic processing circuit triggers an audible and visual alarm when the fuse is open.

6. The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The open-circuit control unit is located at the negative terminal of each battery cell.

7. The circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: All open-circuit control units are integrated onto a single circuit board.

8. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack is equipped with a main fuse at the main positive or main negative terminal, and the bypass conductive component is connected in parallel at both ends of the fuse.

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