A low-speed vehicle battery control system based on blind charging strategy
By designing a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, the problems of overcharging risk and charging/discharging status identification of lithium batteries in the absence of charging communication are solved, realizing the safety protection and intelligent switching of lithium batteries and ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522565469.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-03
AI Technical Summary
When existing low-speed electric vehicles are replaced with lithium batteries, there is a risk of overcharging due to the lack of charging communication, and it is difficult to accurately identify the transition between charging and discharging states. In particular, when using old lead-acid chargers, the safety and performance of lithium batteries cannot be guaranteed.
Design a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, including a BMS host, a discharge relay, a charging relay, and a shunt. By collecting voltage and temperature information of the battery pack, the charging and discharging process is controlled in real time. Combined with fuses and connection terminals, the lithium battery is protected and its status is identified.
In the absence of charging communication, it minimizes the risks of overvoltage and overtemperature, accurately identifies the transition between charging and discharging states to ensure the safety of lithium batteries, and automatically switches to the discharging state after the charging protection is triggered, without affecting the normal use of the vehicle and preventing misoperation.
Smart Images
Figure CN224928881U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power battery technology, and in particular to a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the power source used in the low-speed electric vehicle industry both domestically and internationally is mainly lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries have disadvantages such as short cycle life, troublesome maintenance, large size, and low energy density. With the rapid development of lithium battery technology, both in terms of cost and performance, lithium batteries are now fully capable of replacing lead-acid batteries. Therefore, low-speed electric vehicles on the market are beginning to be widely equipped with lithium batteries.
[0003] The biggest obstacle to converting low-speed electric vehicles from lead-acid batteries to lithium batteries is the charging method. The original lead-acid battery chargers lacked communication functionality, essentially resulting in blind charging. After switching to lithium batteries, the battery control system offers more stringent control and a more robust cell protection mechanism, typically using a charger with communication capabilities. However, to save costs, many end-users still choose to use the old lead-acid chargers, causing the lithium batteries to charge without communication functionality. Without further optimization of the battery control system, lithium batteries face a significant risk of overcharging and struggle to accurately identify the transition between charge and discharge states. Utility Model Content
[0004] Based on this, this utility model provides a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, which aims to solve the problems of existing low-speed electric vehicles using lithium batteries charging without charging communication, having a large risk of overcharging, and having difficulty in accurately identifying the transition between charging and discharging states.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, applicable to a battery pack, comprising a battery pack, a battery control system, a charger, and a main drive motor, wherein the battery control system is connected to the battery pack, the charger, and the main drive motor respectively; the charger is connected in parallel with the main drive motor.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack is a lithium-ion battery pack.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack includes several battery cells connected in series.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the battery control system includes a BMS host, a discharge relay, a charging relay, and a shunt. The BMS host is connected to the discharge relay, the charging relay, the shunt, and the battery pack, respectively. The discharge relay is connected to the battery pack and the main drive motor, respectively. The charging relay is connected to the charger and the battery pack, respectively. The shunt is connected to the main drive motor and the battery pack, respectively.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a main circuit fuse is provided between the battery pack and the discharge relay, and the main circuit fuse is connected to the battery pack, the discharge relay, and the charging relay respectively.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the positive terminal of the battery pack is connected to the main circuit fuse, and the negative terminal of the battery pack is connected to the shunt.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a positive discharge terminal is provided between the discharge relay and the main drive motor, and the positive discharge terminal is connected to the discharge relay and the main drive motor respectively.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge positive terminal is connected to the positive bus of the main drive motor.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a positive charging terminal is provided between the charging relay and the charger, and the positive charging terminal is connected to both the charging relay and the charger.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the charging positive terminal is connected to the output positive terminal of the charger.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a common negative terminal is provided between the shunt and the charger, and the common negative terminal is connected to the shunt, the charger, and the main drive motor respectively.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the common negative terminal is connected to the output negative terminal of the charger and the bus negative terminal of the main drive motor, respectively.
[0017] In this embodiment, the discharge positive terminal, the charging positive terminal, and the negative common terminal are all mounted on the battery pack housing.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:
[0019] (1) When the lithium battery is charged without charging communication, the system of this application can avoid the risks of overvoltage, overtemperature and other potential problems to the greatest extent, thus improving the protection function of the battery pack during the charging process.
[0020] (2) Unlike the ordinary protection board function of low-speed vehicle batteries, the system of this application can accurately identify the conversion of lithium battery charging and discharging state, and the charging protection function is more complete. Moreover, when the charging protection function is triggered, the discharge relay can still automatically close, without affecting the normal use of the vehicle.
[0021] (3) The system of this application can lock the vehicle's power system when the battery pack is charging, preventing the driver from accidentally driving the vehicle away. At the same time, when the battery pack is fully charged, it can intelligently switch to the discharge state, which facilitates the driver's operation. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0026] It should be noted that if any directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, etc.) is involved in the embodiments of this utility model, the directional indication is only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0028] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.
[0029] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, applicable to a battery pack, including a battery pack 10, a battery control system 20, a charger 30, and a main drive motor 40. The battery control system 20 is connected to the battery pack 10, the charger 30, and the main drive motor 40 respectively; the charger 30 is connected in parallel with the main drive motor 40.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack 10 is a lithium-ion battery pack.
[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the battery control system 20 includes a BMS host 21, a discharge relay 22, a charging relay 23, and a shunt 24. The BMS host 21 is connected to the discharge relay 22, the charging relay 23, the shunt 24, and the battery pack 10. The discharge relay 22 is connected to the battery pack 10 and the main drive motor 40. The charging relay 23 is connected to the charger 30 and the battery pack 10. The shunt 24 is connected to the main drive motor 40 and the battery pack 10.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, a main circuit fuse 25 is provided between the battery pack 10 and the discharge relay 22, and the main circuit fuse 25 is connected to the battery pack 10, the discharge relay 22 and the charging relay 23 respectively.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the positive terminal of the battery pack 10 is connected to the main circuit fuse 25, and the negative terminal of the battery pack 10 is connected to the shunt 24.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, a positive discharge terminal 26 is provided between the discharge relay 22 and the main drive motor 40, and the positive discharge terminal 26 is connected to the discharge relay 22 and the main drive motor 40 respectively.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge positive terminal 26 is connected to the positive bus of the main drive motor 40.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment, a positive charging terminal 27 is provided between the charging relay 23 and the charger 30, and the positive charging terminal 27 is connected to the charging relay 23 and the charger 30 respectively.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the charging positive terminal 27 is connected to the output positive terminal of the charger 30.
[0040] In a preferred embodiment, a negative common connection terminal 28 is provided between the shunt 24 and the charger 30, and the negative common connection terminal 28 is connected to the shunt 24, the charger 30 and the main drive motor 40 respectively.
[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the negative common connection terminal 28 is connected to the output negative terminal of the charger 30 and the bus negative terminal of the main drive motor 40, respectively.
[0042] In this embodiment, the discharge positive terminal 26, the charging positive terminal 27, and the negative common terminal 28 are all mounted on the casing of the battery pack 10. The charger is the vehicle's original lead-acid battery charger.
[0043] As the core component of the battery control system, the BMS host can collect data on the voltage and temperature of the battery pack by collecting data from the wiring harness, and can also control the charging and discharging process of the battery pack by controlling actions such as relay switches.
[0044] The discharge relay can control the opening and closing of the battery pack's discharge circuit, ensuring that the power supply to the vehicle's main drive motor can be connected or disconnected in a timely manner as needed.
[0045] The charging relay can control the on / off state of the battery pack's charging circuit, ensuring that the external charger can charge or stop charging the battery pack as needed.
[0046] The main circuit fuse is used to disconnect the main circuit in time when a short circuit or severe overcurrent abnormality occurs, so as to ensure the safety of the battery pack and the surrounding environment.
[0047] The shunt is used to collect the total current data of the main circuit of the battery pack and transmit the information to the BMS host through the acquisition harness.
[0048] When the driver starts the vehicle, the BMS host controls the discharge relay and charging relay to close simultaneously via the control harness. At this time, the energy from the battery pack can be transferred to the main drive motor through the discharge positive terminal and the common negative terminal, and the vehicle is in a drivable state. When the driver prepares to charge the battery pack, the positive and negative terminals of the charger are connected to the battery pack. At this time, the energy output from the charger can be transferred to the battery pack through the charging positive terminal and the common negative terminal. Throughout the charging process, the BMS host can monitor key data such as the battery pack's voltage and temperature in real time through the control harness. When the battery pack voltage reaches the set value, the BMS host determines that the battery pack is fully charged. At this time, it will disconnect the charging relay through the control harness to prevent further charging and overcharging of the battery pack. Alternatively, when the BMS host detects that the battery pack temperature exceeds or falls below the preset safety range, it will also disconnect the charging relay through the control harness to prevent further charging from causing irreversible chemical reactions in the battery cells. This achieves the protection function of the battery pack during the charging process. In addition, when the charging protection function is triggered, the BMS host will detect that the main circuit current is continuously 0, and determine that the battery pack can end the charging state. Then it will automatically close the discharge relay, which will not affect the normal use of the vehicle.
[0049] The BMS (Battery Management System) host can monitor the magnitude and direction of the main circuit current in real time through the data acquisition harness and shunt. When the charger starts charging the battery pack, the BMS host determines that the battery pack is charging based on the current direction and magnitude. It then delays and disconnects the discharge relay, thus breaking the connection between the battery pack and the main drive motor, depriving the main drive motor of its power source. This locks the vehicle's power system during battery charging, preventing the driver from accidentally driving the vehicle away. Once the battery pack is fully charged, the charger automatically stops outputting power. At this point, the BMS host detects that the main circuit current is 0, indicating the battery pack is fully charged. It then closes the discharge relay again, putting the vehicle into a discharging state, ready for driving. This battery control system intelligently switches between charging and discharging states of the battery pack at low speeds, facilitating driver operation.
[0050] When lithium batteries are charged without charging communication, the system of this application can minimize the risks of overvoltage, overtemperature and other potential problems, thus achieving a complete protection function for the battery pack during the charging process.
[0051] This system can accurately identify the transition between the charging and discharging states of lithium batteries, providing more comprehensive charging protection. Even after the charging protection function is triggered, the discharge relay can still automatically close, ensuring uninterrupted normal vehicle operation. This system can also lock the vehicle's powertrain while the battery pack is charging, preventing accidental driving. Furthermore, once the battery pack is fully charged, it can intelligently switch to a discharging state, facilitating driver operation.
[0052] This application, based on a blind charging control strategy, allows end-users to charge the lithium battery using the vehicle's original lead-acid battery charger, while ensuring that the charging circuit is immediately cut off in the event of a serious alarm. Additionally, this application can automatically switch the vehicle to charging mode during charging, disconnecting the power connection to the vehicle's main drive motor and effectively locking the power supply.
[0053] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
[0054] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present utility model using the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy, characterized in that, Applicable to a battery pack, including a battery pack, a battery control system, a charger, and a main drive motor, wherein the battery control system is connected to the battery pack, the charger, and the main drive motor respectively; the charger is connected in parallel with the main drive motor.
2. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on blind charging strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack is a lithium-ion battery pack.
3. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes several battery cells connected in series.
4. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on blind charging strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery control system includes a BMS host, a discharge relay, a charging relay, and a shunt. The BMS host is connected to the discharge relay, the charging relay, the shunt, and the battery pack. The discharge relay is connected to the battery pack and the main drive motor. The charging relay is connected to the charger and the battery pack. The shunt is connected to the main drive motor and the battery pack.
5. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 4, characterized in that, A main circuit fuse is provided between the battery pack and the discharge relay, and the main circuit fuse is connected to the battery pack, the discharge relay, and the charging relay respectively.
6. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positive terminal of the battery pack is connected to the main circuit fuse, and the negative terminal of the battery pack is connected to the shunt.
7. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 4, characterized in that, A positive discharge terminal is provided between the discharge relay and the main drive motor, and the positive discharge terminal is connected to the discharge relay and the main drive motor respectively.
8. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The discharge positive terminal is connected to the positive bus of the main drive motor.
9. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 4, characterized in that, A positive charging terminal is provided between the charging relay and the charger, and the positive charging terminal is connected to the charging relay and the charger respectively.
10. The low-speed vehicle battery control system based on a blind charging strategy according to claim 4, characterized in that, A common negative terminal is provided between the shunt and the charger, and the common negative terminal is connected to the shunt, the charger and the main drive motor respectively.