METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTI-DIMENSIONALLY SHAPED PLAIN LIGHT SOURCE AND A MULTI-DIMENSIONALLY SHAPED PLAIN LIGHT SOURCE PRODUCED BY THE METHOD

Abstract

Method (100) for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source (101), comprising the method: - creating (102) a predefined design of a multidimensional shape (112) based on a flexible substrate structure (114), wherein the substrate structure (114) is folded at least once to form the multidimensional shape; - a determination (104) of a number and shape of individual area light sources (116) arranged in a plane based on the specified design and a specified algorithm, wherein the individual area light sources are each a single area light source formed on a rigid support; - forming (106) the determined number of individual area light sources in the respective determined form, wherein the individual area light sources are arranged in a common plane to each other; - forming (108) a connection structure (118) on at least one first single-area light source (116a) and a second single-area light source (116b) of the formed single-area light sources (116), wherein the connection structure (118) is configured for electrically conductive and mechanically connecting the first single-area light source (116a) and the second single-area light source (116b), wherein the connection structure (118) has at least one predetermined folding area (120) at least between the first single-area light source (116a) and the second single-area light source (116b); and - a folding (110) of the connecting structure (118) along the desired folding area (120) into a non-planar shape, wherein the at least one first single area light source remains electrically and mechanically connected to the second single area light source.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a multidimensionally shaped area light source and a multidimensionally shaped area light source produced by the method.

[0002] Organic optoelectronic light sources, also known as organic optoelectronic devices (OLEDs), are increasingly used in general lighting, vehicle lighting, aircraft lighting, and display illumination, for example, as area light sources. Compared to incandescent or fluorescent lamps, these optoelectronic light sources offer improved energy efficiency and increased performance in terms of luminous flux and luminance. An organic optoelectronic device with an organic light-emitting diode as its emission unit comprises a multitude of organic layers.

[0003] In various applications, there is growing interest in OLED light-emitting surfaces or OLED displays that exhibit a 3D appearance. Due to the preferred production method of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) on a sheet basis, these three-dimensional structures are not easily accessible. For rigid OLEDs, plastic deformation is difficult to implement without damaging the OLED components because of their non-elastic nature. Plastic deformation is equally challenging for flexible OLEDs, as strong bending often leads to delamination of the OLED layers. When multiple folds or folding at small angles, the application of OLED segments to a flexible substrate and subsequent folding typically encounters design limitations due to the significant thickness of the OLED segments, for example, a thickness greater than 200 µm. Specific folding rules must be applied to overcome these limitations, as described, for example, in Chen et al., Sciences, July 2015, Vol. 349, Issue 6246, 396-400 described.

[0004] The documents US 2016 / 0 231 784 A1 and https: / / www.youtube.com / watch?v=zXfi-fMHRDE from 09.08.2010 or the first post under the keyword “Transparent Light Origami” on www.youtube.com, accessed on 19.12.2017, describe multidimensionally shaped surface light sources.

[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source comprising several rigid individual area light sources, wherein the method prevents, avoids, or at least reduces the occurrence of defects in the multidimensionally shaped area light source during its manufacture, for example, during folding or bending. Defects include, for example, damage to the electrical connection between the individual area light sources, delamination of the layers of the respective individual area light sources, damage to the active area of ​​the individual area light sources, and / or damage to the physical connection between the individual area light sources.

[0006] The method that prevents, avoids, or at least reduces defects in multidimensionally shaped area light sources should alternatively or additionally be carried out in such a way that the shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source stabilizes itself within the multidimensional form, i.e., an additional shape-stabilizing, external fixation of the multidimensional form becomes optional.

[0007] A further object of the invention is to provide a multidimensionally shaped area light source produced by the method, which has several rigid individual area light sources, wherein the multidimensional shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source is self-stabilizing, and the multidimensionally shaped area light source is free or substantially free of defects.

[0008] These tasks are solved by the independent claims.

[0009] In various aspects, a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source is provided. The method involves creating a predefined design of a multidimensional shape based on a flexible substrate structure, whereby the substrate structure is folded at least once to form the multidimensional shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the method involves determining the number and shape of individual area light sources arranged in a plane based on a predefined design and algorithm. Each individual area light source is a separate, isolated light source mounted on a rigid support.

[0011] Furthermore, the method involves forming the determined number of individual surface light sources in the respective determined shape. The individual surface light sources are arranged in a common plane relative to each other.

[0012] The method further comprises forming a connection structure on at least one first single-area light source and a second single-area light source of the formed single-area light sources, wherein the connection structure is configured for electrically conductive connection and mechanical connection of the first single-area light source and the second single-area light source, wherein the connection structure has at least one predetermined folding area at least between the first single-area light source and the second single-area light source.

[0013] The method further involves folding the connection structure along the target folding area into a non-planar shape, with the at least one first single area light source remaining electrically and mechanically connected to the second single area light source.

[0014] The method enables the creation of design and folding rules from a flexible substrate structure, whereby these rules are transferred to a planar light source, for example, with a rigid and / or thick substrate structure. This facilitates the straightforward determination of the necessary basic structure, the position, arrangement, and / or design of the connecting structures, and the resulting angles for the multidimensionally shaped planar light source. Furthermore, the method allows for the fabrication of a multitude of multidimensionally shaped planar light sources by assembling and connecting individual, simple, similarly shaped, and standardized planar light sources. Various multidimensional shapes and designs for the planar light source are thus easily accessible, i.e., through folding, and from a very small number of different individual planar light sources.Furthermore, the method, using connection structures with predetermined folding areas, enables the folding of the planar area light source with low pressure on the area light source and a stabilization of the non-planar shape of the area light source, whereby the area light source remains free of defects in the electrical connection after folding.

[0015] Within the scope of this description, a "multidimensional shaped area light source" can be understood as an area light source whose shape is two-dimensional, "2.5-dimensional," or three-dimensional. For example, the shape is two-dimensional if two individual area light sources are located next to each other in a common plane or, after folding the intended folding area, are arranged on top of each other in such a way that the surfaces of the individual area light sources are coplanar.

[0016] In this description, the term "design" is used to mean a (formal) creation, a shaping, a pattern, or a draft. The design encompasses both the aesthetic and functional aspects of the form. The creation of a multidimensional shape based on a flexible substrate structure and the implementation of this design on thicker substrate structures are described, for example, in Chen et al., Sciences, July 2015, Vol. 349, Issue 6246, 396-400.

[0017] Within the context of this description, a "flexible substrate structure" can be understood as a structure that is bendable, flexible, elastic, movable, and / or articulated. The substrate structure could be, for example, a thin sheet, such as a sheet of paper, or a film.

[0018] Within the context of this description, "a rigid support" can be understood as a structure that is stiff, inflexible, or firm.

[0019] The term "non-planar shape" is used in this description to mean that the surface of the area light source has at least one kink or curvature. For example, the area light source has a kink between two individual area light sources, i.e., in the intended folding area of ​​the connecting structure. In this respect, the area light source is non-planar, i.e., uneven or not flat. Conversely, the individual area light sources do not have a kink or curvature; that is, the respective surfaces of the individual area light sources are planar, i.e., flat, unlike the surface of the area light source.

[0020] The term "in a common plane" regarding the arrangement of individual surface light sources is used in this description to mean that the surfaces of the respective individual surface light sources are parallel to each other, but not necessarily on the same plane themselves. In other words, individual surface light sources are arranged in a common plane if the surface normals of the individual surface light sources are parallel to each other. In this arrangement, the surface light source is then planar or flat.

[0021] For the purposes of this description, a single-area light source or an organic single-area light source is understood to be an organic, light-emitting component that can be an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting semiconductor component and / or be configured as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting diode and / or as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting transistor. The radiation can be, for example, visible light, ultraviolet light, and / or infrared light. The organic single-area light source can be part of an integrated circuit in various embodiments. The individual single-area light sources can each be contacted separately. Furthermore, multiple organic single-area light sources can be provided, for example, housed in a common package.

[0022] In this description, a "predefined algorithm" is understood to be a folding rule based on the given design. For example, as in Fig. Figure 7 illustrates that if the given design 710 is a fan-shaped pattern, the given algorithm is a folding rule with four fold steps 720. For examples of algorithm and design, reference is made to Chen et al., Sciences, July 2015, Vol. 349, Issue 6246, 396-400.

[0023] In this description, a "target folding zone" is understood to be an area of ​​a structure that exhibits lower resistance to a folding process than at least the areas of the structure adjacent to the target folding zone. The design of the target folding zone can depend on the method used to fold the target folding zone, the direction of the folding, the material of the structure to be folded (e.g., its stiffness), and / or the number of target folding zones.

[0024] In various aspects, a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source is provided. The method comprises providing at least one first single-area light source and one second single-area light source. The first single-area light source has a rigid support and a first electrical contact surface. The second single-area light source has a rigid support and a second electrical contact surface. The at least one first single-area light source and the second single-area light source are physically separated from each other, with the first contact surface and the second contact surface arranged at a first distance from each other.The method further comprises connecting at least one mechanical connection structure to the first single area light source and the second single area light source in such a way that they are physically connected to each other and arranged in one plane, wherein the mechanical connection structure has at least one predetermined folding area arranged in a region between the first single area light source and the second single area light source, wherein the predetermined folding area has a linear structuring which, when the mechanical connection structure is folded, leads to folding along the linear structuring.Furthermore, the method comprises an electrical connection of the first contact surface with the second contact surface by means of an electrical connection structure, and a folding of the mechanical connection structure, wherein the first contact surface and the second contact surface are arranged at a second distance from each other after folding, which differs from the first distance, and remain electrically connected to each other by means of the electrical connection structure.

[0025] The method enables the fabrication of a multidimensionally shaped area light source from at least two individual area light sources, each with a rigid support, by folding. Simple individual area light sources with similar and / or standardizable shapes are used. This makes mass production of a large number of area light sources with different, multidimensional shapes from a small number of different individual area light sources possible. Folding with large changes in the radius of curvature in the arrangement of the individual area light sources is further enabled by means of connecting structures. This allows the use of thick individual area light sources. Furthermore, the method enables the mechanical and electrical connection of the individual area light sources via connecting structures in a common or...planar plane and successive folding of the connecting structures in a simple manner using linear structuring without defects occurring. Defects that can occur during folding include, for example, delamination of the layers of the individual surface light sources, damage to the electrical connections, and / or damage to the active surfaces of the individual surface light sources.

[0026] The term "linear structuring" is used in this description to mean a structure that, when a lateral compression force is applied to the planar arrangement of the area light sources, promotes or causes folding along the linear structuring. With this structuring, the folding occurs within a predefined area, i.e., not in an adjacent area of ​​the structuring. The linear structuring, for example, possesses a physical property, such as a macro- or microstructural property, in the material that differs from a physical property of the material in the area adjacent to the structuring. This physical property of the structuring facilitates folding of the area light source. The structuring can be created, for example, by scoring or folding the substrate before the area light sources are arranged on it.An optical marking, such as an applied, linear layer of paint that creates a raised area on the connecting structure, is not a linear structuring as defined in this description. Folding along this layer of paint requires actively influencing the folding direction; that is, this marking does not cause folding along the marking itself, but merely facilitates folding along this marking.

[0027] In a further training course, the planar arrangement of several individual area light sources is folded during the folding of the connecting structure, thereby forming the multidimensionally shaped area light source. This allows, for example, simpler shipping of the area light source as a planar body, which can be very easily folded into its final multidimensional shape by the customer after purchase. This process also reduces or eliminates the occurrence of defects in the area light source, such as defects in the electrical connection or in the active area of ​​the individual area light sources, during the folding process.

[0028] In a further training course, the respective rigid supports of the individual surface light sources are arranged in such a way that, after folding, a force-locking and / or form-locking connection is formed between the respective rigid supports.

[0029] In a further development step, the force-fit and / or form-fit connection between the respective rigid supports is / are established to fix the arrangement of the individual surface light sources in a non-planar configuration relative to each other. This enables the stabilization or fixing of the multidimensional shape of the surface light source without the use of additional external fixing components.

[0030] In a further development step, the shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source is stabilized by means of a mechanical connection structure, either force-fit or material-fit. This allows the multidimensional shape to be easily fixed in a region of the surface light source outside of the individual surface light sources.

[0031] In another advanced training, the electrical connection structure is plastically deformable.

[0032] This allows the electrical connection structure to reshape itself during the folding of the mechanical connection structure and remain free of defects. This ensures that the electrical connection between the first and second contact surfaces remains functional after folding. Furthermore, it stabilizes the non-planar shape of the area light source.

[0033] In a further development, the electrical connection structure features a mechanically deformable film with at least one embedded electrical conductor.

[0034] In a further refinement, the linear structuring and the adjacent areas of the connecting structure are formed from the same material, with the material in the area of ​​the linear structuring being arranged such that it exhibits lower stiffness than in the adjacent areas. This allows for the simple formation of the linear structuring, which can be carried out before or after connecting the mechanical connecting structure to the first single-area light source and the second single-area light source.

[0035] In another advanced training, the linear structuring of the target folding area features a mechanically movable connecting component.

[0036] A connecting component is, for example, an additional part within the connection structure that mechanically joins the areas adjacent to the linear structure. The connecting component can be made of a material different from that of the areas adjacent to the linear structure within the connection structure. Examples of connecting components include a joint, a hinge, or a door pivot.

[0037] In yet another advanced training, the mechanical connection structure exhibits or is the electrical connection structure.

[0038] In a further development, at least the first single-surface light source and the second single-surface light source each have a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface.

[0039] In a further development process, the mechanical connection structure connects at least a portion of the first surface of the first individual area light source with at least a portion of the first surface of the second individual area light source. This provides protection for the edges of the respective individual area light sources by means of the mechanical connection structure.

[0040] In a further development, the mechanical connection structure connects at least a part of the first surface of the first single-area light source with at least a part of the second surface of the second single-area light source.

[0041] In another aspect, a multidimensionally shaped area light source is provided. This multidimensionally shaped area light source comprises at least one first individual area light source and one second individual area light source. The first individual area light source has a rigid support and a first electrical contact surface. The second individual area light source has a rigid support and a second electrical contact surface.

[0042] The electrical contact surfaces serve, for example, to provide external electrical contact to individual surface light sources. In this process, the contact surfaces are electrically connected to the electroluminescent layer structure in order to establish electrical contact with it.

[0043] The multidimensionally shaped surface light source also features at least one plastically deformable mechanical connection structure. This mechanical connection structure physically connects the first individual surface light source to the second individual surface light source.

[0044] Furthermore, the mechanical connection structure has at least one predetermined folding area located in a region between the first and second individual surface light sources, wherein the predetermined folding area has a linear structure that exhibits lower stiffness than the areas adjacent to the predetermined folding area. Additionally, the multidimensionally shaped surface light source has an electrical connection structure that electrically connects the first contact surface to the second contact surface.

[0045] The multidimensionally shaped surface light source is fixed in a force-fit manner by means of the plastically deformable mechanical connection structure.

[0046] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and are explained in more detail below.

[0047] They show: Fig. 1 a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments; Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B Schematic perspective representations in a top view of a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments; Fig. 3 a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments; Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B Schematic cross-sectional views of a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments; Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B Schematic cross-sectional views of a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments; Fig. 6 a schematic cross-sectional view of a single area light source according to various embodiments; and Fig. 7 schematic perspective representations in a top view of a given algorithm according to various implementation examples.

[0048] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this description and in which specific embodiments are shown for illustration purposes, illustrating how the invention can be implemented. Since components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology serves only for illustration and is in no way restrictive. It is understood that other embodiments may be used and structural or logical modifications may be made. It is understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein may be combined with one another, unless specifically stated otherwise. The invention is defined by the attached claims. In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals where appropriate.

[0049] Within the scope of this description, the terms "connected," "attached," and "coupled" are used to describe both direct and indirect connections, direct or indirect links, and direct or indirect couplings. In the figures, identical or similar elements are labeled with identical reference symbols where appropriate.

[0050] For the purposes of this description, a planar light source or organic planar light source is understood to be an organic, light-emitting assembly comprising multiple individual planar light sources and a connecting structure for linking these individual planar light sources together. The (organic) planar light source can, for example, be designed as a display or a lighting module, for instance, with one or more OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes).

[0051] For the purposes of this description, a single-area light source or an organic single-area light source is understood to be an organic, light-emitting component that inherently possesses a diffusely radiating surface, without requiring any material arranged on the light source for light mixing. The area light source exhibits a luminance that is independent of the observation distance. For example, light sources with individual, recognizable, visible LEDs are not area light sources within the meaning of the invention. A single-area light source can comprise one, two, or more single-area light source components.Within the scope of this description, an organic light-emitting device can be an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting semiconductor device and / or be configured as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting diode and / or as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting transistor. The radiation can be, for example, visible light, ultraviolet light, and / or infrared light. The organic light-emitting device can be part of an integrated circuit in various embodiments. Furthermore, multiple organic light-emitting devices can be provided, for example, housed in a common package.

[0052] A single-surface light source is configured as a so-called top emitter and / or a so-called bottom emitter. In a bottom emitter, electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the electrically active area through the substrate. In a top emitter, electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the top surface of the electrically active area and not through the substrate.

[0053] In this description, the term "connecting structure" refers to a structure that serves to mechanically and / or electrically connect two individual surface light sources. The connecting structure, as described, does not emit light.

[0054] The connection between a first single-surface light source and a second single-surface light source can be form-fit, force-fit, and / or material-fit. Within the scope of this description, the connections can be permanent, i.e., irreversible. A permanent connection can only be separated by destroying the connecting elements.

[0055] In a positive-locking connection, the movement of the first individual surface light source can be restricted by a surface of the second individual surface light source, with the first individual surface light source moving perpendicularly, i.e., normally, in the direction of the restricting surface of the second individual surface light source. In other words, a positive-locking connection prevents relative movement of the two individual surface light sources in at least one direction due to their corresponding shapes. A hook in an eyelet, for example, can be restricted in its movement in at least one spatial direction. In various embodiments, a positive-locking connection can be realized, for example, as a screw connection, a hook-and-loop fastener, a clamp, a snap-fit ​​connection, and / or by means of clamps.

[0056] In a friction-fit connection, physical contact between the two individual light sources under pressure can cause static friction to restrict movement of the first individual light source parallel to the second. Furthermore, the friction-fit connection can be formed by means of an interference fit between a first and a second individual light source.

[0057] In a material-bonded connection, the first single-surface light source can be connected to the second single-surface light source by means of atomic and / or molecular forces. In various configurations, a material-bonded connection can be realized, for example, as an adhesive bond, a soldered connection (e.g., with glass or metal solder), or as a welded connection.

[0058] Fig. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of a process for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments.

[0059] The method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source comprises creating a predefined design of a multidimensional shape based on a flexible substrate structure. The substrate structure is folded at least once to form the multidimensional shape.

[0060] Furthermore, the method 100 includes determining 104 a number and shape of individual area light sources 116 arranged in a plane based on the specified design and a specified algorithm. The individual area light sources are each a separate area light source mounted on a rigid support.

[0061] Furthermore, method 100 involves forming 106 the determined number of individual area light sources in the respective determined form. The individual area light sources are arranged in a common plane relative to each other.

[0062] Method 100 further comprises forming a connection structure 118 on at least one first single-area light source 116a and a second single-area light source 116b of the formed single-area light sources 116. The connection structure 118 is designed for electrically conductive and mechanically connecting the first single-area light source 116a and the second single-area light source 116b. The connection structure 118 has at least one defined folding area 120 between the first single-area light source 116a and the second single-area light source 116b.

[0063] The method 100 further comprises a folding 110 of the connecting structure 118 along the desired folding area 120 into a non-planar shape, wherein the at least one first single area light source remains electrically and mechanically connected to the second single area light source.

[0064] The method enables the creation of design and folding rules from a flexible substrate structure, whereby these rules are transferred to a planar light source, for example, with a rigid and / or thick substrate structure. This facilitates the simple determination of the necessary basic structure, the position, arrangement, and / or design of the connecting structures, and the resulting angles for the multidimensionally shaped planar light source. Furthermore, the method allows for the fabrication of a multitude of multidimensionally shaped planar light sources by assembling and connecting individual, simple, similarly shaped, and standardized planar light sources. Different multidimensional shapes and designs for the planar light source are thus easily accessible, i.e., through folding, and from a very small number of different individual planar light sources.Furthermore, the method, using connection structures with predetermined folding areas, enables the folding of the planar area light source with minimal pressure and stabilizes its multidimensional shape. This allows, for example, easier shipping of the area light source as a planar body, which the customer can then easily fold into its final multidimensional form after purchase. This process also reduces or eliminates the occurrence of defects in the area light source, such as defects in the electrical connection and / or in the active area of ​​the individual area light sources, during the folding process.

[0065] The creation of the given design of the multidimensional shape is based on a flexible substrate structure; that is, the creation is carried out, for example, with a flexible substrate structure or with the aid of a computer program that uses a flexible substrate structure. The multidimensional shape can be obtained by means of a single fold or several simultaneous or successive folds (see Fig. 2A).

[0066] The specified design of the multidimensional shape 112 is obtained, for example, by means of a diagram or an algorithm, wherein the diagram or the algorithm, starting from a planar flexible substrate structure, has a sequence of folding steps of the flexible substrate structure 114 to obtain the multidimensional shape 112.

[0067] Determining the number and shape of individual area light sources (116) involves, for example, determining the number and shape of areas. Each area can contain one or more individual area light sources. Alternatively or additionally, the area can have the specific shape of an individual area light source. Determining the number and shape of individual area light sources (116) can depend on the desired emission direction of the respective individual area light sources. Furthermore, an area is separated from the other areas, for example, by one or more connecting structures. For example, determining the number and shape of individual area light sources (116) involves determining the number and shape of connecting structures, such as mechanical connecting structures, as well as determining the number of target folding areas in each connecting structure.An example of creating 102 the given design of the multidimensional shape 112 and determining 104 the number and shape of single surface light sources 116 are in . Fig. 2A shown. As in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 2A, a hexagonal planar flexible substrate structure 114 has seven areas for the arrangement of the individual surface light sources.

[0068] The system consists of six rectangular areas (a) and one hexagonal area (b). Areas a are interconnected by connecting structures, each with three designated folding areas. Each area a is also connected to area b by a connecting structure, each with one designated folding area.

[0069] Forming 106 of the determined number of individual surface light sources, forming 108 of the connection structure 118 and folding 110 of the connection structure 118 for the in Fig. The example shown in 2A is in Fig. 2B illustrates this.

[0070] Forming 106 of the determined number of individual area light sources in the respective determined shape involves, for example, first providing a planar rigid area light source which, when folded, results in the shape created by the design. Providing the planar rigid area light source involves, for example, providing the planar rigid area light source with a closed shape. Alternatively, providing the planar rigid area light source involves cutting the planar rigid area light source such that the area light source has a closed shape. The closed shape is, for example, polygonal, rectangular, square, triangular, circular, or any suitable shape. Furthermore, forming 106 of the determined number of individual area light sources involves, for example, dividing the planar rigid area light source 116 into two or more individual area light sources.Dividing the area light source 116 into two or more individual area light sources, for example, involves cutting the area light source 116 into two or more regions, removing the regions for the arrangement of the connecting structures 120. Furthermore, determining 104 the number and shape of individual area light sources 116 involves, for example, arranging the individual area light sources such that the closed shape of the area light source before cutting is essentially reproduced by means of the individual area light sources arranged in a common plane, i.e., without the regions of the connecting structures. In other words, as in . Fig. As illustrated in Figure 2B on the left, the planar closed shape of the area light source is only fully reproduced after the individual area light sources are connected to each other using the connecting structures, whereby the connection is carried out in a planar plane. The arrangement of the individual area light sources can depend on the desired emission directions and / or the type (top emitter and / or bottom emitter) of the respective individual area light sources.

[0071] The formation 108 of a connection structure 118 on at least one first single-area light source 116a and a second single-area light source 116b of the formed single-area light sources 116 can comprise at least one connection of a mechanical connection structure to the first single-area light source 116a and the second single-area light source 116b and an electrical connection of the first single-area light source 116a to the second single-area light source 116b. The formation of the mechanical connection structure is carried out, for example, before, after, or simultaneously with the formation of the electrical connection structure. As in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 2B on the left, the connection structure can have multiple target folding regions 120, for example, one, two, or three target folding regions per connection structure. The connection structure can be a flexible plate or a flexible film that has a first stiffness and a second stiffness, the second stiffness being located in the target folding region and being smaller than the first stiffness. For example, the connection structure has the closed shape of the area light source determined by the design. In this case, the connection structure can be a single piece and connect all the individual area light sources together. The formation 108 of the connection structure 118, as well as the different mechanical and electrical designs of the connection structure 118, are described in more detail below (see, for example, Figure 2B). Fig. 4, Fig. 5).

[0072] For example, folding 110 of the connecting structure forms the multidimensionally shaped area light source. The folding 110 of the connecting structure 118, for example, exhibits a kink, with the resulting angle between the individual area light sources being between 0° and approximately 180°, for example, 45°, 90°, or 135°. Folding 110 of the connecting structure 118 along the intended folding area 120 into a non-planar shape, for example, exhibits a partial folding of the connecting structure 118 (see Fig. 2B Middle). Partial folding occurs when the folding of the connecting structure results in a three-dimensional shape of the area light source, whose surfaces, or the surfaces of the individual area light sources and the connecting structures, are exposed. In other words, the area light source can be partially folded. Partial folding occurs when the folding does not result in an overlap, contact, or covering of two surfaces of the individual area light sources or the connecting structures. Alternatively or additionally, the folding 110 of the connecting structure 118 can exhibit complete folding (see Fig. 2B right). As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2B on the right, two surfaces of each connection structure 118 overlap. The folding 110 of the connection structure 118, for example, exhibits a folding of the planar rigid area light source. In this process, the planar arrangement of the multiple individual area light sources is folded, forming the multidimensionally shaped area light source.

[0073] Fig. Figure 3 illustrates a flowchart of a process for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source according to various embodiments.

[0074] The following describes various modifications and configurations of the area light source 301, whereby the fundamental features and functions of the area light source 101 described above can be incorporated analogously according to one of the embodiments described above. Furthermore, the features and functions described below can be applied analogously to the one described in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 described area light source 101 are transferred or with the one in the Fig. 1, Fig. The two described surface light sources 101 can be combined.

[0075] Method 300 comprises providing 302 at least one first single-area light source 310 and one second single-area light source 320. The first single-area light source 310 has a rigid support 312 and a first electrical contact surface 314. The second single-area light source 320 has a rigid support 322 and a second electrical contact surface 324. The at least one first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320 are physically separated from each other, with the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 being arranged at a first distance d1 from each other.The method 300 further comprises connecting 304 at least one mechanical connection structure 330 with the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320 such that they are physically connected to each other and arranged in one plane, wherein the mechanical connection structure 330 has at least one predetermined folding area 332 arranged in an area between the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320, wherein the predetermined folding area 332 has a linear structuring 334 which, when the mechanical connection structure 330 is folded, leads to folding along the linear structuring 334.Furthermore, the method comprises an electrical connection 306 of the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324 by means of an electrical connection structure 340, and a folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure, wherein the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 are arranged at a second distance d2 from each other after folding, which differs from the first distance, and remain electrically connected to each other by means of the electrical connection structure 340. For example, the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2. In this case, the electrical connection structure compresses during folding to adapt to the change or reduction of the distance. Alternatively, the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2. In this case, the electrical connection structure expands or lengthens during folding to adapt to the change or increase of the distance.

[0076] The method enables the fabrication of a multidimensionally shaped area light source from at least two individual area light sources, each with a rigid support, by folding. Simple individual area light sources with similar and / or standardizable shapes are used. This makes mass production of a large number of area light sources with different multidimensional shapes from a small number of different individual area light sources possible. Furthermore, folding can be used with connection structures that accommodate large changes in radius between the individual area light sources. This allows the use of thick individual area light sources. The method also enables the mechanical and electrical connection of the individual area light sources via connection structures in a common or separate structure.planar plane and successive folding of the connecting structures in a simple manner using linear structuring without defects occurring. Defects that can occur during folding include, for example, delamination of the layers of the individual area light sources, damage to the electrical connections, damage to the active surfaces of the individual area light sources, and / or damage to the physical connection between the individual area light sources.

[0077] Providing 302 at least one first single-area light source 310 and one second single-area light source 320 includes, for example, forming a first single-area light source 310 with a rigid support and an electrical contact surface, and forming a second single-area light source 320 with a rigid support and an electrical contact surface. Alternatively or additionally, providing 302 at least one first single-area light source 310 and one second single-area light source 320 includes forming a planar rigid-area light source and dividing the planar rigid-area light source into two separate single-area light sources. The planar rigid-area light source can be an area light source with contact surfaces for external electrical contacting.Alternatively or additionally, the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 can be formed after the individual area light sources 310, 320 have been separated. The individual area light sources are described in more detail below (see, for example, ). Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6) Furthermore, providing 302 of the at least first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320, for example, involves arranging the at least first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320 on a common plane, for example, depending on the desired emission direction and / or the type (top-emitter and / or bottom-emitter) of the respective single-area light sources. In this arrangement, the first single-area light source 310 is physically separated from the second single-area light source 320. In other words, the first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320 are two separate light-emitting components that are not physically connected to each other. Alternatively or additionally, providing 302 of the at least first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320 can be arranged according to the arrangement described in Fig. The training described in section 106 corresponds to or is identical with the determined number of individual surface light sources in the respective determined form.

[0078] Connecting 304 at least one mechanical connection structure 330 to the first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320, for example, involves connecting a surface of the first single-area light source 310 to a surface of the second single-area light source 320. The mechanical connection structure 330, as well as the at least one target folding area 332 and the linear structuring, are described in more detail below (see, for example, [reference]). Fig. 4, Fig. 5) Connecting the surface of the single-area light source to the mechanical connection structure can involve physical contact of part or all of the surface with the mechanical connection structure 330 and a material-bonded connection of part or all of the surface with the mechanical connection structure 330. The material-bonded connection can be, for example, a point connection or an area / full-surface connection. During the connection 304 of the at least one mechanical connection structure 330, the first electrical contact surface 314 and the second electrical contact surface 324 are arranged at the first distance d1. The distance d1 is determined, for example, depending on the thicknesses of the single-area light sources, the desired multidimensional shape of the area light source after folding, and / or the linear structuring.

[0079] The electrical connection 306 of the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324 by means of an electrical connection structure 340, for example, involves a direct electrical connection of the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324. A direct connection exists when the first electrical contact surface 314 is connected directly to the second contact surface 324, for example, by means of a single wire, a single flexible circuit board, or any other suitable electrically conductive material. Alternatively, the electrical connection 306 can involve an indirect electrical connection of the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324.An indirect electrical connection exists when the first electrical contact surface 314 is electrically connected, for example, to the mechanical connection structure 330, for example, to the linear structure 334, and the second electrical contact surface 324 is also electrically connected, for example, to the mechanical connection structure 330, for example, to the linear structure 334. The mechanical connection structure 330 and the linear structure 334 are electrically conductive.

[0080] Connecting 304 at least one mechanical connection structure 330 to the first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320 and electrically connecting 306 the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324 by means of an electrical connection structure 340 can be described in Fig. 1 described formation 108 of a connection structure 118 on at least one first single-area light source 116a and a second single-area light source 116b of the formed single-area light sources 116 correspond to or are identical with.

[0081] The folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure 330 can be described in Fig. The folds 110 of the connecting structure 118 described in section 1 correspond to or are identical with them. The folding 308 of the mechanical connecting structure can be a transformation of the individual area light sources 310, 320 arranged in a common plane into a non-planar shape. In this process, the first individual area light source 310 is no longer arranged in the same plane as the second individual area light source 320. In other words, the planar arrangement of the at least one first individual area light source 310 and one second individual area light source 320 is folded. This can result in the formation of a multidimensionally shaped area light source.

[0082] The folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure, for example, exhibits a folding of the at least linear structuring 334. The folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure 330, for example, forms a kink or a bend along the linear structuring 334. During the folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure 330, the shape of the electrical connection 340 adapts to the folding in such a way that the folding is neither prevented nor disrupted by the electrical connection 340. In other words, the electrical connection structure 340 is designed, arranged, and / or configured such that it stretches, compresses, and / or deforms when the distance between the first electrical contact surface and the second electrical contact surface changes, for example, from the first distance d1 to the second distance d2 (see, for example, Fig. 4).

[0083] Fig. 4A, Fig. Figure 4B illustrates schematic cross-sectional views of a multidimensionally shaped area light source before (left) and after (right) folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure according to various embodiments.

[0084] The following describes various modifications and configurations of the area light source 301, whereby the fundamental features and functions of the area light source described above can be incorporated analogously according to one of the embodiments described above. Furthermore, the features and functions described below can be applied analogously to the embodiment described in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 described area light source 101, 301 are transmitted or with the one in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. The 3 described surface light source 101, 301 can be combined.

[0085] As in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 4, the first single-surface light source 310 and the second single-surface light source 320 each have a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. As shown in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 4A, the first surface of the first single-area light source 310 can be the rigid support 312 of the first single-area light source 310, and the first surface of the second single-area light source 320 can be the rigid support 322 of the second single-area light source 320. Thus, at least a portion of the rigid support of the first single-area light source 310 can be mechanically connected to at least a portion of the rigid support 322 of the second single-area light source 320 by means of the mechanical connection structure 330. This allows for a mountain-folding of the connection structure 334, where the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2. Furthermore, the overlapping of the edges of the rigid supports of the respective single-area light sources by means of the mechanical connection structure 340 causes a diffusion path for water to be covered. This enables a better encapsulation effect of the single-area light sources. Alternatively or additionally, as shown in Figure 4A, the rigid support of the first single-area light source 310 can be mechanically connected to at least a portion of the rigid support 322 of the second single-area light source 320 by means of the mechanical connection structure 334. Fig. As illustrated in Figure 4B, the first single-area light source 310 can have a first encapsulation structure 316, and the second single-area light source 320 can have a second encapsulation structure 326. The first surface of the first single-area light source 310 can be the first encapsulation structure 316, and the first surface of the second single-area light source 320 can be the second encapsulation structure 326. The first encapsulation structure 316 and the second encapsulation structure 326 are mechanically connected by means of the mechanical connection structure 330. This allows for valley folding of the connection structure 334, where the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2. Furthermore, the overlapping of the edges of the encapsulation structures of the respective single-area light sources by means of the mechanical connection structure 340 ensures that a diffusion path for water is covered. This allows for improved encapsulation of the single-area light sources.Depending on the type of single-area light source (top or bottom emitter), the light-emitting surfaces of the single-area light sources can be free from covering by the mechanical connecting structure 330.

[0086] In another embodiment, the mechanical connection structure 330 can connect at least a part of the first surface of the first single-area light source 310 with at least a part of the second surface of the second single-area light source 320 (not illustrated).

[0087] In various embodiments, the mechanical connection structure 330 is plastically deformable. For the purposes of this description, "plastically deformable" means that the connection structure deforms under the influence of a force after exceeding a yield strength and retains this shape after the force is removed. The deformation of the connection structure can be reversible. Alternatively or additionally, the plastically deformable connection structure can be ductile. For example, the plastically deformable connection structure can deform plastically and not tear apart. This allows for the stabilization or fixation of the non-planar shape after the connection structure has been folded. In other words, the mechanical connection structure is designed in such a way that it compensates for the restoring force of the individual surface light sources to the planar arrangement.

[0088] The mechanical connection structure 330 can be any two-dimensionally extended connection that has planar adhesion to the OLED elements, for example an adhesive tape or a film, such as a metal foil.

[0089] The mechanical connection structure 330, for example, has one or more predetermined folding areas 332. One predetermined folding area 332, for example, comprises the area of ​​the mechanical connection structure 330 between the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320. Alternatively or additionally, the predetermined folding area 332 may, for example, comprise a portion of the area of ​​the mechanical connection structure 330 between the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320. The predetermined folding area 332, in turn, has a linear structure 334.

[0090] The linear structuring 334 can include at least one thinning of the connection structure, a recess, a topographic elevation, a trench structure, and / or an embankment structure. Alternatively or additionally, the linear structuring 334 and the areas of the mechanical connection structure 330 adjacent to the linear structuring 334 are, for example, formed from the same material. The material in the area of ​​the linear structuring 334 is, for example, arranged or configured such that it has a lower stiffness than in the adjacent areas. This allows for the simple formation of the linear structuring 334, which can be carried out before or after connecting the mechanical connection structure to the first single-area light source 310 and the second single-area light source 320.In this description, the term "stiffness" refers to the material's resistance to elastic deformation caused by a torque. Alternatively or additionally, the linear structure 334, for example, has at least one mechanically movable connecting element. Examples of mechanically movable connecting elements are hinges or mechanical joints, such as ball joints or axles. Applying a slight force to the edge of the area light source or individual area light sources allows the connecting structure to fold along the linear structure 334. This causes the area light source to be folded into its multidimensional shape without exerting a force on the light-emitting surface of the area light source or individual area light sources.This force can lead to defects in the area light source or individual area light sources.

[0091] The shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source 301 can be fixed by means of a force-fit connection structure, for example, by an external fixation. Alternatively, the shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source 301 can be fixed, for example, by means of the linear structuring without external fixation components, for example, by changing a property of the material of the linear structuring during folding or by means of the mechanically movable connection component. Alternatively or additionally, the shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source 301 can be fixed by means of a material bond using the mechanical connection structure. For example, an adhesive, a resin, or any other suitable material can be used to fix the folding of the mechanical connection structure 330.The adhesive can also bond the surfaces of the intended folding area around the linear structure together. For example, if the mechanical connection structure 330 has several intended folding areas with multiple linear structures, the adhesive can bond the surfaces of two adjacent intended folding areas together so that these surfaces overlap after folding. This allows for the simple fixation of the multidimensional shape in an area of ​​the surface light source outside of the individual surface light sources.

[0092] In various embodiments, the electrical connection structure 340 is designed, configured and / or arranged such that it electrically connects the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 before and after folding (see Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B Right). For example, the electrical connection structure 340 has a length that can bridge the first distance d1 and the second distance d2. The first distance d1 can be larger or smaller than the second distance d2. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical connection structure 340 is flexible. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical connection structure 340 is made of or formed from a material that allows it to be stretched or compressed. This allows the electrical connection structure 340 to deform during the folding of the mechanical connection structure 330 and remain free of defects. This ensures that the electrical connection between the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 remains functional after folding. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical connection structure 340 is, for example, plastically deformable.This enables stabilization or fixation of the non-planar shape after folding of the connection structure 334. In other words, the electrical connection structure 340 can be designed in such a way that it compensates for the restoring force of the individual surface light sources into the planar arrangement.

[0093] The electrical connection structure 340 can comprise at least one wire, one conductor track, or one printed circuit board, for example, to implement a series or parallel connection of the individual area light sources. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical connection structure can comprise a mechanically deformable film with at least one embedded electrical conductor track. Further examples of electrical connection structures are flexible printed circuit boards (flex PCBs) or conductive pastes, for example, silver conductive paste.

[0094] In various embodiments, the respective rigid supports 312, 322 and / or the respective encapsulation structures 316, 326 of the individual area light sources 310, 320 are arranged such that, after folding 308, a force-fit and / or form-fit connection is formed between the respective rigid supports 312, 322 and / or the respective encapsulation structures 316, 326 or between the rigid supports 312, 322 and the encapsulation structures 316, 326. Alternatively or additionally, this force-fit and / or form-fit connection is / are arranged to fix the arrangement of the individual area light sources 310, 320 in a non-planar arrangement relative to each other.In other words, after folding 308, the rigid support or encapsulation structure of the first single-area light source can be in physical contact with the rigid support or encapsulation structure of the second single-area light source such that the non-planar arrangement of the first and second single-area light sources is fixed by means of this physical contact in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner. For example, the single-area light sources 310, 320 can mutually interlock by means of the encapsulation structures 316, 326 and / or the rigid support 312, 322, i.e., form a force-fit connection, thereby stabilizing the shape. This enables the stabilization or fixing of the multidimensional shape of the area light source by means of the rigid supports 312, 322 and / or the encapsulation structures 316, 326 without the use of any further external fixing components.In other words, the shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source 301 can be fixed by means of the mechanical connection structure either force-fit or material-fit.

[0095] Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B illustrate schematic cross-sectional views of a multidimensionally shaped area light source before (left) and after (right) folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure according to various embodiments.

[0096] The following describes various modifications and configurations of the connection structure 330, 340, whereby the fundamental features and functions of the area light source described above can be incorporated analogously according to one of the embodiments described above. Furthermore, the features and functions described below can be applied analogously to the one described in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 described area light source 101, 301 are transmitted or with the one in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. The 4 described surface light source 101, 301 can be combined.

[0097] In another embodiment, the mechanical connection structure 330 can include the electrical connection structure 340 (not shown). For example, the mechanical connection has an electrically conductive structure, such as a conductor track. In this case, the first contact surface can be electrically connected to the mechanical connection, for example by means of a first wire. The second contact surface can also be electrically connected to the mechanical connection, for example by means of a second wire. In this case, the electrical connection structure includes the first wire, the second wire, and the electrically conductive structure. Alternatively, the connection structure 330 can be the electrical connection structure 340 (in Fig. 5A, Fig. (5B illustrated). In this embodiment, the connection structure is an electromechanical connection structure 530. The electromechanical connection structure 530 has the desired folding area 332. The desired folding area 332, in turn, has the linear structuring 334. The desired folding area 332 and the linear structuring 334 can be configured according to one of the embodiments described above. The arrangement of the linear structuring is determined depending on the desired folding direction, the arrangement of the first single area light source 310 relative to the second area light source 320, and / or the emission direction. As shown in Fig. 5A, Fig. As illustrated in Figure 5B, the first contact surface 314 is mechanically and electrically connected to the second contact surface 324 by means of the electromechanical connection structure 530.

[0098] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5A on the left, the first single-area light source 310 can be arranged with a first orientation in the common plane as the second single-area light source 320 with a second orientation, the first orientation being the opposite orientation to the second orientation. In other words, the first single-area light source 310 is connected in the common plane, for example, by means of the electromechanical connection structure 530, and arranged such that the rigid support 312 of the first single-area light source 310 is oriented in one direction, for example upwards, while the rigid support 322 of the second single-area light source 320 is oriented in a direction opposite to that of the rigid support of the first single-area light source 310, for example downwards.The linear structuring 334 can be designed and arranged in the target folding area 332 such that, during folding 308, the electromechanical connection structure 530 is in physical contact with a surface of one of the individual surface light sources (in . Fig. 5A (shown on the right).

[0099] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5B on the left, the first single-area light source 310 can be arranged with a first orientation in the common plane, just as the second single-area light source 320 can be arranged with a second orientation, the first orientation being the same as the second orientation. In other words, the first single-area light source 310 is, for example, arranged with the second single-area light source 320 in a common plane, connected by means of the electromechanical connection structure 530, and arranged such that the rigid support 312 of the first single-area light source 310 and the rigid support 322 of the second single-area light source 320 are aligned in the same direction.The linear structuring 334 can be designed and arranged in the target folding area 332 such that, during folding 308, a part of the surface of the first single-area light source 310 is in physical contact with a part of the surface of the second single-area light source 320 (in . Fig. 5B (shown on the right).

[0100] In a further embodiment, a multidimensionally shaped area light source 101, 301 is provided. The multidimensionally shaped area light source 101, 301 has at least one first individual area light source 116a, 310 and a second individual area light source 116b, 320. The first individual area light source 116a, 310 has a rigid support 312 and a first electrical contact surface 314. The second individual area light source 116b, 320 has a rigid support 322 and a second electrical contact surface 324. The multidimensionally shaped area light source 101, 301 also has at least one plastically deformable mechanical connection structure 118, 330. The mechanical connection structure 118, 330 physically connects the first single-area light source 116a, 310 with the second single-area light source 116b, 320.The mechanical connection structure 118, 330 has at least one predetermined folding area located in a region between the first single-surface light source 116a, 310 and the second single-surface light source 116b, 320. The predetermined folding area has a linear structure that exhibits lower stiffness than the areas adjacent to the predetermined folding area. Furthermore, the multidimensionally shaped surface light source 101, 301 has an electrical connection structure 118, 330 that electrically connects the first contact surface 314 to the second contact surface 324. The multidimensional shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source 101, 301 is force-fitted by means of the mechanical connection structure 118, 330.

[0101] Fig. Figure 6 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-surface light source according to various embodiments.

[0102] The single-area light source 1 can be transparent. Alternatively, the single-area light source 1 can be translucent or opaque.

[0103] The single-area light source 1 has a support structure 12. The support structure 12 can be translucent or transparent. The support structure 12 serves as a substrate for electronic elements or layers, for example, light-emitting elements. The support structure 12 can, for example, comprise or be formed from plastic, metal, glass, quartz, and / or a semiconductor material. Furthermore, the support structure 12 can comprise or be formed from a plastic film or a laminate with one or more plastic films. The support structure 12 is mechanically flexible. The support structure 12 can be adapted to the substrate 312, 322 according to the specifications in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 exemplary embodiments and / or the substrate according to the Fig. 4 exemplary embodiments.

[0104] An organic light-emitting layer structure is formed on the support structure 12. The organic light-emitting layer structure has a first electrode layer 14, which includes a first contact section 16, a second contact section 18, and a first electrode 20. A first barrier layer (not shown), for example, a first barrier thin film, can be formed between the support structure 12 and the first electrode layer 14.

[0105] The first electrode 20 is electrically isolated from the first contact section 16 by means of an electrical insulation barrier 21. The second contact section 18 is electrically coupled to the first electrode 20 of the organic light-emitting layer structure. The first electrode 20 can be configured as an anode or as a cathode. The first electrode 20 can be translucent or transparent. The first electrode 20 comprises an electrically conductive material, for example, a metal and / or a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), or a stack of multiple layers comprising metals or TCOs. The first electrode 20 can, for example, comprise a stack of layers combining a layer of a metal on a layer of a TCO, or vice versa. An example is a silver layer deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer (Ag on ITO) or ITO-Ag-ITO multilayers.The first electrode 20 can alternatively or additionally comprise: networks of metallic nanowires and particles, for example made of Ag, networks of carbon nanotubes, graphene particles and layers and / or networks of semiconducting nanowires.

[0106] Above the first electrode 20, an optically functional layer structure, for example an organic functional layer structure 22 (also referred to as organic), is formed. The organic functional layer structure 22 can, for example, have one, two, or more sublayers. For example, the organic functional layer structure 22 can have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter layer, an electron transport layer, and / or an electron injection layer. The hole injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the first electrode and the hole transport layer. In the hole transport layer, the hole conductivity is greater than the electron conductivity. The hole transport layer serves to transport the holes. In the electron transport layer, the electron conductivity is greater than the hole conductivity. The electron transport layer serves to transport the electrons.The electron injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the second electrode and the electron transport layer. Furthermore, the organic functional layer structure 22 can comprise one, two, or more functional layer structure units, each of which includes the aforementioned sublayers and / or further intermediate layers.

[0107] Above the organically functional layer structure 22, the second electrode 23 of the organic light-emitting layer structure is formed and is electrically coupled to the first contact section 16. The second electrode 23 can be configured according to one of the embodiments of the first electrode 20, whereby the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 23 can be identical or different. The first electrode 20 serves, for example, as the anode or cathode of the organic light-emitting layer structure. Correspondingly to the first electrode, the second electrode 23 serves as the cathode or anode of the organic light-emitting layer structure.

[0108] The organic light-emitting layer structure is an electrically and / or optically active region. The active region is, for example, the area of ​​the single-area light source 1 in which electric current flows to operate the single-area light source 1 and / or in which electromagnetic radiation is generated or absorbed. A getter structure (not shown) can be arranged on or above the active region. The getter layer can be translucent, transparent, or opaque. The getter layer can contain or be composed of a material that absorbs and binds substances that are harmful to the active region.

[0109] An encapsulation layer 24 of the organic light-emitting layer structure is formed over the second electrode 23 and partially over the first contact section 16 and partially over the second contact section 18. This encapsulation layer 24 encapsulates the organic light-emitting layer structure. The encapsulation layer 24 can be configured as a second barrier layer, for example, as a second barrier thin film. The encapsulation layer 24 can also be referred to as thin-film encapsulation. The encapsulation layer 24 forms a barrier against chemical impurities and atmospheric substances, particularly water (moisture) and oxygen. The encapsulation layer 24 can be configured as a single layer, a stack of layers, or a layered structure.The encapsulation layer 24 can comprise or be formed from: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), nylon 66, as well as mixtures and alloys thereof. Optionally, the first barrier layer on the support structure 12 can be configured corresponding to a specific embodiment of the encapsulation layer 24. The encapsulation layer 24 can encapsulate the substrate according to the specifications in [reference missing]. Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B corresponds to the exemplary embodiments shown.

[0110] In the encapsulation layer 24, a first recess is formed above the first contact section 16, and a second recess is formed above the second contact section 18. A first contact area 32 is exposed in the first recess, and a second contact area 34 is exposed in the second recess. The first contact area 32 serves to electrically contact the first contact section 16, and the second contact area 34 serves to electrically contact the second contact section 18.

[0111] An adhesive layer 36 can be formed above the encapsulation layer 24. The adhesive layer 36 may contain, for example, an adhesive such as a laminating adhesive, a lacquer, and / or a resin. The adhesive layer 36 may also contain particles that scatter electromagnetic radiation, such as light-scattering particles.

[0112] A cover body 38 is formed above the adhesive layer 36. The adhesive layer 36 serves to attach the cover body 38 to the encapsulation layer 24. The cover body 38 comprises, for example, plastic, glass, and / or metal. For instance, the cover body 38 can be made primarily of glass and have a thin metal layer, such as a metal foil, and / or a graphite layer, such as a graphite laminate, on the glass body. The cover body 38 serves to protect the single-area light source 1, for example, from external mechanical forces. Furthermore, the cover body 38 can serve to distribute and / or dissipate heat generated in the single-area light source 1. For example, the glass of the cover body 38 can serve as protection against external influences, and the metal layer of the cover body 38 can serve to distribute and / or dissipate the heat generated during the operation of the single-area light source 1.

[0113] The cover body 38 can protect the substrate according to the specifications in Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B corresponds to the exemplary embodiments shown.

[0114] According to a first embodiment, a method for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source 101 can comprise: - creating 102 a given design of a multidimensional shape 112 based on a flexible substrate structure 114, wherein the substrate structure 114 is folded at least once to form the multidimensional shape; - a determination 104 of a number and shape of individual area light sources 116 arranged in a plane based on the specified design and a specified algorithm, wherein the individual area light sources are each a single area light source formed on a rigid support; - a formation of 106 of the determined number of individual area light sources in the respective determined form, wherein the individual area light sources are arranged in a common plane to each other; - forming a connection structure 118 on at least one first single-area light source 116a and a second single-area light source 116b of the formed single-area light sources 116, wherein the connection structure 118 is configured for electrically conductive and mechanical connection of the first single-area light source 116a and the second single-area light source 116b, wherein the connection structure 118 has at least one predetermined folding area 120 at least between the first single-area light source 116a and the second single-area light source 116b; and - a folding 110 of the connecting structure 118 along the desired folding area 120 into a non-planar shape, wherein the at least one first single area light source remains electrically and mechanically connected to the second single area light source.

[0115] According to a second embodiment, a method for producing a multidimensionally shaped area light source 301 can include: - a provision 302 of at least one first single area light source 310 and one second single area light source 320, ◯ wherein the first single-area light source 310 has a rigid support 312 and a first electrical contact surface 314, and ◯ wherein the second single-area light source 320 has a rigid support 322 and a second electrical contact surface 324, ◯ wherein the at least one first single-area light source 310 and second single-area light source 320 are physically separated from each other, wherein the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 are arranged at a first distance d1 from each other; - connecting 304 at least one mechanical connection structure 330 with the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320 such that they are physically connected to each other and arranged in one plane, wherein the mechanical connection structure 330 has at least one predetermined folding area 332 arranged in an area between the first single area light source 310 and the second single area light source 320, wherein the predetermined folding area 332 has a linear structuring 334 which, when the mechanical connection structure 330 is folded, leads to folding along the linear structuring 334; - an electrical connection 306 of the first contact surface 314 with the second contact surface 324 by means of an electrical connection structure 340, - a folding 308 of the mechanical connection structure 330, wherein the first contact surface 314 and the second contact surface 324 are arranged at a second distance d2 from each other after folding, which differs from the first distance, and remain electrically connected to each other by means of the electrical connection structure 340.

[0116] According to a third embodiment, the method according to the first or the second embodiment can be designed such that when folding the connecting structure, the planar arrangement of several individual area light sources is folded, forming the multidimensionally shaped area light source.

[0117] According to a fourth embodiment, the method according to the first to third embodiments can be designed such that the respective rigid supports 312, 322 of the individual area light sources 116, 116a, 116b, 310, 320 are arranged such that after folding 110, 308 a force-locking and / or form-locking connection is formed between the respective rigid supports 312, 322.

[0118] According to a fifth embodiment, the method according to the first to fourth embodiments can be designed such that the force-locking and / or form-locking connection between the respective rigid supports 312, 322 is / are provided to fix the arrangement of the individual surface light sources 116, 116a, 116b, 310, 320 in a mutually non-planar arrangement.

[0119] According to a sixth embodiment, the method according to the first to fifth embodiments can be designed such that the shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source 301 is fixed by means of the mechanical connection structure 118, 330 by means of a force-fit or material-fit connection.

[0120] According to a seventh embodiment, the method according to the first to sixth embodiments can be designed such that the electrical connection structure 118, 340 is plastically deformable.

[0121] According to an eighth embodiment, the method according to the first to seventh embodiments can be designed such that the electrical connection structure 118, 340 has a mechanically deformable film with at least one embedded electrical conductor.

[0122] According to a ninth embodiment, the method according to the first to eighth embodiments can be designed such that the linear structuring 334 and the areas of the mechanical connection structure 330 adjacent to the linear structuring 334 are formed from the same material, wherein the material in the area of ​​the linear structuring 334 is arranged such that it has a lower stiffness than in the adjacent areas.

[0123] According to a tenth embodiment, the method according to the second to ninth embodiments can be designed such that the linear structuring 334 of the intended folding area 332 has a mechanically movable connecting component.

[0124] According to an eleventh embodiment, the method according to the first to tenth embodiments can be designed such that the mechanical connection structure 330 has or is the electrical connection structure 340.

[0125] According to a twelfth embodiment, the method according to the first to eleventh embodiments can be designed such that at least the first single area light source 116a, 310 and the second single area light source 116b, 320 each have a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface.

[0126] According to a thirteenth embodiment, the method according to the twelfth embodiment can be designed such that the mechanical connection structure 330 connects at least a part of the first surface of the first single-area light source 116a, 310 with at least a part of the first surface of the second single-area light source 116b, 320.

[0127] According to a fourteenth embodiment, the method according to the twelfth embodiment can be designed such that the mechanical connection structure 330 connects at least a part of the first surface of the first single-area light source 116a, 310 with at least a part of the second surface of the second single-area light source 116b, 320.

[0128] According to a fifteenth embodiment, a multidimensionally shaped area light source can have 101, 301: - at least one first single-area light source 116a, 310 and a second single-area light source 116b, 320, ◯ wherein the first single-area light source 116a, 310 has a rigid support 312 and a first electrical contact surface 314, and ◯ wherein the second single-area light source 116b, 320 has a rigid support 322 and a second electrical contact surface 324, - at least one plastically deformable mechanical connection structure 118, 330, ◯ wherein the mechanical connection structure 118, 330 physically connects the first single-area light source 116a, 310 with the second single-area light source 116b, 320, ◯ wherein the mechanical connection structure 118, 330 has at least one intended folding area 120, 332 arranged in a region between the first single area light sources 116a, 310 and the second single area light sources 116b, 320, wherein the intended folding area 120 332 has a linear structuring 334 which has a lower stiffness than the regions adjacent to the intended folding area; - an electrical connection structure 118, 330, which electrically connects the first contact surface 314 with the second contact surface 324, - wherein the multidimensional shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source 101, 301 is fixed by means of the mechanical connection structure 118, 330 in a force-fit manner.

Claims

[1] Method for producing (100) a multidimensionally shaped area light source (101), comprising the method: - creating (102) a predefined design of a multidimensional shape (112) based on a flexible substrate structure (114), wherein the substrate structure (114) is folded at least once to form the multidimensional shape; - a determination (104) of a number and shape of individual area light sources (116) arranged in a plane based on the specified design and a specified algorithm, wherein the individual area light sources are each a single area light source formed on a rigid support; - forming (106) the determined number of individual area light sources in the respective determined form, wherein the individual area light sources are arranged in a common plane to each other; - forming (108) a connection structure (118) on at least one first single-area light source (116a) and a second single-area light source (116b) of the formed single-area light sources (116), wherein the connection structure (118) is configured for electrically conductive and mechanically connecting the first single-area light source (116a) and the second single-area light source (116b), wherein the connection structure (118) has at least one predetermined folding area (120) at least between the first single-area light source (116a) and the second single-area light source (116b); and - a folding (110) of the connecting structure (118) along the desired folding area (120) into a non-planar shape, wherein the at least one first single area light source remains electrically and mechanically connected to the second single area light source. [2] Method (300) for manufacturing a multidimensionally shaped area light source (301), comprising the method: - a provision (302) of at least one first single area light source (310) and one second single area light source (320), ◯ wherein the first single-area light source (310) has a rigid support (312) and a first electrical contact surface (314), and ◯ wherein the second single-area light source (320) has a rigid support (322) and a second electrical contact surface (324), ◯ wherein the at least one first single-area light source (310) and second single-area light source (320) are physically separated from each other, wherein the first contact surface (314) and the second contact surface (324) are arranged at a first distance (d1) from each other; - a connection (304) of at least one mechanical connection structure (330) with the first single area light source (310) and the second single area light source (320) such that they are physically connected to each other and arranged in one plane, wherein the mechanical connection structure (330) has at least one predetermined folding area (332) arranged in a region between the first single area light source (310) and the second single area light source (320), wherein the predetermined folding area (332) has a linear structuring (334) which, when the mechanical connection structure (330) is folded, leads to folding along the linear structuring (334); - an electrical connection (306) of the first contact surface (314) with the second contact surface (324) by means of an electrical connection structure (340), - a folding (308) of the mechanical connection structure (330), wherein the first contact surface (314) and the second contact surface (324) are arranged at a second distance (d2) from each other after folding, which differs from the first distance, and remain electrically connected to each other by means of the electrical connection structure (340), wherein - the mechanical connection structure (330) has or is the electrical connection structure (340). [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the planar arrangement of several individual area light sources is folded during the folding of the connection structure, forming the multidimensionally shaped area light source. [4] Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the respective rigid supports (312, 322) of the individual area light sources (116, 116a, 116b, 310, 320) are arranged such that after folding (110, 308) a force-locking and / or form-locking connection is formed between the respective rigid supports (312, 322). [5] Method according to claim 4, wherein the force-locking and / or form-locking connection between the respective rigid supports (312, 322) is arranged to fix the arrangement of the individual area light sources (116, 116a, 116b, 310, 320) in a non-planar arrangement relative to each other. [6] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shape of the multidimensionally shaped area light source (301) is fixed by means of the mechanical connection structure (118, 330) by means of a force-fit or material-fit connection. [7] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrical connection structure (118, 340) is plastically deformable. [8] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrical connection structure (118, 340) comprises a mechanically deformable film with at least one embedded electrical conductor. [9] Method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the linear structuring (334) and the areas of the mechanical connection structure (330) adjacent to the linear structuring (334) are formed from the same material, wherein the material in the area of ​​the linear structuring (334) is arranged such that it has a lower stiffness than in the adjacent areas. [10] Method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the linear structuring (334) of the intended folding area (332) has a mechanically movable connecting component. [11] Having a multidimensionally shaped area light source (101, 301): - at least one first single-area light source (116a, 310) and one second single-area light source (116b, 320), ◯ wherein the first single-area light source (116a, 310) has a rigid support (312) and a first electrical contact surface (314), and ◯ wherein the second single-area light source (116b, 320) has a rigid support (322) and a second electrical contact surface (324), - at least one plastically deformable mechanical connection structure (118, 330), ◯ wherein the mechanical connection structure (118, 330) physically connects the first single-area light source (116a, 310) with the second single-area light source (116b, 320), ◯ wherein the mechanical connection structure (118, 330) has at least one folding area (120, 332) arranged in a region between the first single area light sources (116a, 310) and the second single area light sources (116b, 320), wherein the folding area (120, 332) has a linear structuring (334) which has a lower stiffness than the areas adjacent to the intended folding area; - an electrical connection structure (118, 340) that electrically connects the first contact surface (314) to the second contact surface (324), - wherein the multidimensional shape of the multidimensionally shaped surface light source (101, 301) is fixed by means of the mechanical connection structure (118, 330) by means of a force-fit connection, - wherein the mechanical connection structure (330) has or is the electrical connection structure (118, 340), - wherein the mechanical connection structure (330) and the electrical connection structure (340) form an electromechanical connection structure (530), and - wherein the linear structuring (334) is designed and arranged in the target folding area (332) such that the electromechanical connecting structure (530) is in physical contact with a surface of one of the individual area light sources (116a, 116b, 310, 320).

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