DISPLAY ELEMENT WITH A LIGHT-ABSORBING LAYER

Abstract

Display element (100a, 100b, 200) comprising an active, light-emitting area and a contact area, wherein the light-emitting area has an organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and a light-absorbing layer (106) arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure, and the contact area is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and the light-absorbing layer (106), wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) comprises a light-absorbing material which has a light absorption in a range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light (110) incident on the light-absorbing layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) has a thickness in the range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) further comprises a substrate (102) and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate (102) and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, wherein the exposed surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation is diffusely reflective and wherein the surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation has a roughness in a range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 400 nm.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a display element with a light-absorbing layer.

[0002] An organic light-emitting device (OLD) with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as its emission unit typically comprises a transparent front electrode, multiple layers of OLD, and a back electrode. OLDs are usually manufactured with a mirror electrode as the back electrode. When an electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes, light is emitted from the OLD through the transparent front electrode. When the OLD is viewed in bright ambient light, the mirror electrode essentially reflects the ambient light. This reflection of the incident light off the OLD results in a mirrored appearance of the OLD.Visually, the organic, light-emitting component can be compared to a mirror with a reflectivity of approximately 80%. However, for many applications in the automotive industry, such as the use of OLEDs in head-up displays, control elements in the center console, or as indicator lights in the cockpit, a reflective appearance is undesirable. For these applications, a black appearance is preferred.

[0003] Publication WO 00 / 35 028 A1 describes display devices, publication DE 101 32 699 A1 describes an organic electroluminescent display device with an optical filter, and publication DE 10 2010 002 885 B4 describes a lighting unit with an organic light-emitting diode.

[0004] Polarizing films are currently used to prevent or reduce back-reflection of incident light, for example in displays. However, polarizing films have the disadvantage of absorbing 50% or more of the light emitted by the organic, light-emitting component. Furthermore, polarizing films are relatively expensive.

[0005] As in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 4, organic displays 410 are covered with organic, light-emitting components 410 and a protective layer 414. Fig. 4, Right. In contrast to non-organic light-emitting diodes, 402 LED-based displays 400 for control elements Fig. 4. In organic displays, the use of additional light guides 404, diffuser films 406, and, if necessary, apertures 408, which distort the color of the LED, is not required. Organic displays enable a more defined and homogeneous illuminated surface than LEDs and also open up new design possibilities.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a display element, for example a display, which, in the unpowered state (off state), prevents unwanted reflections from the organic, light-emitting component. This is achieved by means of a light-absorbing layer in the display element. When switched on, the light-absorbing layer of the display element should not have any negative effect on the color of the light emitted by the organic, light-emitting component.

[0007] The problem is solved by a display element according to claim 1 and by a method for manufacturing a display element according to claim 14.

[0008] A display element is provided. The display element has an active, light-emitting area and a contact area. The light-emitting area has an organic, light-emitting layer structure and a light-absorbing layer arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure. The contact area, in turn, is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure and the light-absorbing layer. The light-absorbing layer has a light-absorbing material that absorbs approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light incident on the light-absorbing layer. Furthermore, the light-absorbing layer has a thickness in the range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm. The light-absorbing layer is also optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure.

[0009] The display element with the light-absorbing layer enables a black appearance to the observer even in the off state. This reduces or prevents unwanted reflections from ambient light incident on the display element, while maintaining the desired properties of the emitted light, such as the color of the display element in the on state. This results in a display element with a significantly deeper black appearance in the off state. Furthermore, the light-absorbing layer enables improved color contrast of the information displayed on the element. For example, the display element according to the invention exhibits a 20% increase in efficiency in both the off and on states compared to display elements with polarizing films.Furthermore, the polarization of the emitted light is substantially reduced in the display element according to the invention.

[0010] The term "display element" is used here to mean a light-emitting device for the optical signaling of time-varying information. The light emitted by the display element is generally unsuitable for illuminating a room or for lighting objects within a room with sufficient brightness and thus differs from general lighting.

[0011] In this description, the term "light-absorbing" with respect to the layer and / or material refers to a property of the layer or material that is capable of reducing the intensity of incident light. The incident light is the light that falls on the light-absorbing layer or material and passes through it or is scattered by it (Mie scattering).

[0012] The optical coupling of the light-absorbing layer with the organic, light-emitting layer structure can be understood as follows: light incident on the display element from the outside, i.e., ambient light, and emitted by the organic, light-emitting layer structure, reaches the light-absorbing layer. In a conventional display element, light is reflected back towards the organic, light-emitting layer structure by a specular or reflective layer. In other words, the propagation of light within the layer stack of a conventional display element is stopped by the reflective or specular layer; that is, incident light is reflected back and cannot penetrate deeper into the layer stack, for example, into a light-absorbing substrate or a light-absorbing cover over the reflective layer.In contrast, the optical coupling of the organic, light-emitting layer with the light-absorbing layer causes an actual stopping of light propagation, i.e., light that falls on the light-absorbing layer is essentially absorbed and only a small portion is reflected.

[0013] In another embodiment, the light-absorbing material is a carbon compound.

[0014] In this description, the term "carbon compound" refers to a compound that essentially consists of carbon atoms. Examples of carbon compounds include graphene, graphite, lonsdaleite, chaoite, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, or are composed of these.

[0015] This allows for a light-absorbing layer that has a dark or black appearance, or is black.

[0016] In yet another embodiment, the light-absorbing material comprises a metal or a metal oxide that is essentially diffusely scattering. Examples of metals include magnesium, aluminum, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, palladium, vanadium, selenium, indium, silver, calcium, copper, silver nanowires, and copper nanowires, where the metal oxide can be a corresponding metal oxide of these metals.

[0017] This allows for a material with good electrical conductivity as well as good thermal conductivity, while the reflectivity of the material is kept low to zero.

[0018] Within this description, the term "diffuse scattering" can be understood to mean that when light emitted from a light source or ambient light strikes the surface of a metal or metal oxide, the light is reflected at a multitude of different angles of reflection. This allows the intensity of the reflected light to be distributed in several directions, which appears less specular to the observer.

[0019] In yet another embodiment, the light-absorbing material essentially consists of graphite.

[0020] This enables a thermally stable light-absorbing layer that exhibits high electrical and thermal conductivity.

[0021] Within the context of this description, the term "graphite" can be understood to mean that it is a carbon compound that has multiple layers of graphene. Graphene, in this sense, is not understood as graphite.

[0022] In yet another embodiment, the incident visible light is essentially external light (ambient light) incident on the display element.

[0023] In yet another embodiment, the display element has a first transparent electrode and a second non-transparent electrode, wherein the organic, light-emitting layer structure is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, with the light-absorbing layer being the second electrode.

[0024] The term “transparent” or “transparent electrode” can be understood in various embodiments to mean that the electrode is permeable to light (for example, at least in a sub-range of the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm), whereby the light coupled into the electrode is also coupled out of the electrode essentially without scattering or light conversion.

[0025] In yet another embodiment, the display element has a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer is arranged in physical contact with the first electrode or with the second electrode.

[0026] In yet another embodiment, the display element further comprises a substrate through which the display element emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer is arranged in the side facing away from the substrate, i.e., the opposite side, of the organic, light-emitting layer structure.

[0027] In yet another embodiment, the display element further comprises an encapsulation through which the display element emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure facing away from the encapsulation.

[0028] In yet another embodiment, the light-absorbing layer is free from physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure.

[0029] In yet another embodiment, the light-absorbing layer is arranged across the entire surface of the optically active area, i.e., in the light-emitting area of ​​the display element.

[0030] The display element further comprises a substrate and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, the exposed surface of the substrate or the encapsulation being diffusely reflective.

[0031] This prevents specular reflection at the surface of the display element and allows for diffuse reflection of the incident light. This makes Fresnel reflection at the surface of the display element less noticeable and thus prevents a mirror-like appearance.

[0032] In yet another embodiment, the display element is designed to be flexible.

[0033] This allows the display element to be used in a variety of different mounts, such as those commonly used in the automotive sector.

[0034] The term "flexible" in relation to the display element is used in this description to mean that the display element exhibits elastic behavior. For example, the display element may exhibit non-permanent or reversible deformation. The display element can also be described as bendable, flexible, elastic, movable, and / or articulated.

[0035] In yet another embodiment, the display element is glass-free.

[0036] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and are explained in more detail below.

[0037] They show: Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B Schematic cross-sectional views of a display element according to various embodiments; Fig. 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a display element according to various embodiments; Fig. 3 a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic, light-emitting component of a display element according to various embodiments; and Fig. 4 A schematic cross-sectional representation of an LED and an OLED.

[0038] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this description and in which specific embodiments of the invention are shown for illustrative purposes. Since components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology serves only for illustration and is in no way restrictive. It is understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein can be combined with one another unless specifically stated otherwise. In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals where appropriate.

[0039] Within the scope of this description, the terms "connected," "attached," and "coupled" are used to describe both direct and indirect connections, direct or indirect links, and direct or indirect couplings. In the figures, identical or similar elements are labeled with identical reference symbols where appropriate.

[0040] Within the scope of this description, a display element can be understood as a device that has one or more organic, light-emitting components and by means of which electromagnetic radiation is emitted and variable information is displayed.

[0041] An organic light-emitting device can, in various embodiments, be an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting semiconductor device and / or be configured as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting diode and / or as an organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting transistor. The radiation can be, for example, visible light, ultraviolet light, and / or infrared light. In this context, the organic electromagnetic radiation-emitting device can, for example, be configured as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) or as an organic light-emitting transistor. The organic light-emitting device can, in various embodiments, be part of an integrated circuit. Furthermore, multiple organic light-emitting devices can be provided, for example, housed in a common package.

[0042] An organic, light-emitting device is configured as a so-called top emitter and / or a so-called bottom emitter. In a bottom emitter, electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the electrically active region through the substrate. In a top emitter, electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the top surface of the electrically active region and not through the substrate.

[0043] An active light-emitting area, according to various embodiments, is understood to be the area of ​​the display element in which an electric current flows to operate the display element and in which electromagnetic radiation is generated. The active light-emitting area differs from the contact area. The active light-emitting area may contain non-light-emitting areas, for example, in the areas where the busbar, busbars, or the grid structure that defines the image points or pixels are located.

[0044] According to various embodiments, a contact area is understood to be the area of ​​the display element in which the electrical contacts for the external electrical supply of the display element are arranged. The areas of the display element that have the busbars or busbars are not contact areas within the meaning of the invention. According to various embodiments, the contact area does not overlap with the active, light-emitting area.

[0045] Fig. 1A and Fig. Figure 1B shows schematic cross-sectional views of a display element according to various embodiments.

[0046] The display element 100a, 100b has an active, light-emitting region and a contact region (not shown in the figures). The contact region is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 and free of the light-absorbing layer 106. As shown in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 1A, the light-emitting region comprises an organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 and a light-absorbing layer 106 arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104. The light-absorbing layer 106 comprises a light-absorbing material that exhibits light absorption in the range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light 110 incident on the light-absorbing layer. The light-absorbing layer 106 also has a thickness in the range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm. Furthermore, the light-absorbing layer 106 is optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104.

[0047] The display element with the light-absorbing layer enables a black appearance to be achieved for the observer in the off state. This reduces or prevents unwanted reflections from ambient light incident on the display element. As a result, the display element appears significantly deeper black in the off state. Furthermore, there is no negative effect on the color of the display element when it is on. On the contrary, the light-absorbing layer even improves the color contrast of the information displayed on the element. The display element according to the invention exhibits a 20% increase in efficiency in both the off and on states compared to display elements with polarizing films. Moreover, the emitted light is not polarized in the display element according to the invention.This leads to improved efficiency of the display element.

[0048] In various embodiments, the light-absorbing material exhibits a light absorption in a range of approximately 92% to approximately 100%, for example 95% to 99%, for example 97% to 98%.

[0049] In various embodiments, the light-absorbing material is a carbon compound. This enables the formation of a light-absorbing layer 104 that has a dark or black appearance, or is black. For example, the carbon compound may contain or be composed of graphene, graphite, lonsdaleite, chaoite, carbon nanotubes, or fullerenes, or mixtures thereof. For example, the light-absorbing material may consist essentially of graphite. The light-absorbing material may contain traces of other materials that are present in the light-absorbing material due to impurities in the starting materials during the formation of the light-absorbing layer 106. Alternatively or additionally, the light-absorbing material may contain or be composed of a metal or metal oxide.Examples of metals include magnesium, aluminum, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, palladium, vanadium, selenium, indium, silver, calcium, copper, silver nanowires, and copper nanowires, where the metal oxide can be a corresponding metal oxide of these metals. For example, the light-absorbing layer 106 with metal or metal oxide has a surface that is essentially diffusely scattering. For example, the surface of the light-absorbing layer 106 made of metal or metal oxide is non-reflective.

[0050] In various embodiments, the light-absorbing layer has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.1 µm to approximately 5000 µm, for example from approximately 1 µm to approximately 2000 µm, for example from approximately 10 µm to approximately 1000 µm, for example from approximately 100 µm to approximately 800 µm, for example from approximately 200 µm to approximately 500 µm.

[0051] In various embodiments, the incident visible light 110 is essentially external light incident on the display element 100a, 100b. Alternatively or additionally, the incident visible light 110 can be at least a part of the light emitted by the display element 100a, 100b.

[0052] In a first embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b has a first transparent electrode and a second non-transparent electrode. The organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 can form the first transparent electrode. Alternatively, the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 can be arranged between the first and second electrodes. In this case, the light-absorbing layer 106 is the second electrode (as shown in Figure 1). Fig. (as shown in Figure 1A). For this purpose, the light-absorbing layer 106 is electrically conductive. The light-absorbing material is selected such that it has an electrical conductivity in the range of 0.02 S / sq to 1.00 S / sq, for example 0.06 S / sq to 0.10 S / sq.

[0053] In a second embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b has a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode. The organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 can comprise the first transparent electrode and / or the second transparent electrode. The light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in physical contact with either the first or the second electrode.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b also has a substrate 102 through which the display element 100a, 100b emits light during operation (bottom emitter). In the first embodiment as well as in the second embodiment, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the substrate 102 (as in Fig. (as shown in Figure 1B). For example, the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged between the electrode and the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104. Alternatively, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be free of physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104. In other words, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be arranged between the electrode and the encapsulation. In another embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b further comprises an encapsulation (not shown) through which the display element 100a, 100b emits light during operation (top emitter). In both the first and second embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be arranged on the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the encapsulation.For example, the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged between the electrode and the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104. Alternatively, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be free of physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104. In other words, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be arranged between the electrode and the substrate 102 (not shown).

[0055] In various embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged over a surface within the active light-emitting area. For example, the light-absorbing layer 106 is formed in one piece. Alternatively, the light-absorbing layer 106 can be segmented.

[0056] In various embodiments, the display element 100a, 100b is designed to be flexible. This allows the display element to be used in a variety of different mountings, which are commonly used, for example, in the automotive sector.

[0057] In various embodiments, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 is glass-free. Glass, as defined in the invention, is, for example, an amorphous inorganic material, such as one consisting primarily of silicon dioxide. For example, the support for the display element is a metal substrate. This allows for better heat distribution than plastic substrates. Furthermore, the metal substrate provides a natural barrier, for example, against water. Alternatively, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 can have a flexible glass as a support. This also provides a good barrier effect, for example, against water.

[0058] Fig. Figure 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a display element according to various embodiments.

[0059] The following describes various modifications and configurations of the display element, whereby the previously described basic features and functions of the display element can be incorporated analogously according to one of the embodiments described above. Furthermore, the features and functions described below can be applied analogously to the one described in the Fig. 1A, Fig. The display element described in 1B can be transferred or used with the Fig. 1A, Fig. The display element described in 1B can be combined.

[0060] The display element 200 further comprises a substrate 102 and an encapsulation, each having an exposed surface. The exposed surface of the substrate 102 or the encapsulation is diffusely reflective. The surface of the substrate or the encapsulation has a roughness in the range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 400 nm. The rough surface is created, for example, by scattering particles, laser ablation, or mechanical abrasion. This prevents specular reflection at the surface of the display element and allows diffuse reflection of the incident light. This makes Fresnel reflection at the surface of the display element less noticeable and thus prevents a specular appearance.

[0061] Fig. Figure 3 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic, light-emitting component of a display element according to various embodiments.

[0062] In various embodiments, this is described in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 2. The described display element 100a, 100b, 200 is an organic, light-emitting component. 1. Alternatively, the display element can have several organic, light-emitting components.

[0063] The organic, light-emitting component 1 has a support 12. The support 12 can be translucent or transparent. The support 12 serves as a substrate for electronic elements or layers, for example, light-emitting elements. The support 12 can, for example, be made of or comprise a plastic, metal such as copper, aluminum / magnesium, glass, quartz, and / or a semiconductor material. Furthermore, the support 12 can be made of or comprise a plastic film or a laminate with one or more plastic films. The support can be combined in various embodiments with the material described in the following sections. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. 2 described substrate 102 agree.

[0064] An organic, light-emitting layer structure is formed on the support 12. The organic, light-emitting layer structure has a first electrode layer 14, which includes a first contact section 18 and a first electrode 20. A first barrier layer (not shown) or an inorganic insulating layer, for example a first barrier thin film, can be formed between the support 12 and the first electrode layer 14.

[0065] The first electrode 20 is electrically isolated from a second contact section 16 by means of an electrical insulation barrier 21. The first contact section 18 is electrically coupled to the first electrode 20 of the organic light-emitting layer structure. The first electrode 20 can be configured as an anode or as a cathode. The first electrode 20 can be translucent or transparent. In various embodiments, the first electrode 20 can alternatively be connected to the electrode 21 described in the diagram. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. 2 described light-absorbing layer.

[0066] The first electrode 20 can be configured like the light-absorbing layer 106 according to one of the embodiments described above. Alternatively or additionally, the first electrode 20 comprises an electrically conductive material, for example, a metal such as silver / magnesium and / or a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), or a stack of multiple layers comprising metals or TCOs. The first electrode 20 can, for example, comprise a stack of layers combining a layer of a metal on a layer of a TCO, or vice versa. An example is a silver layer deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer (Ag on ITO) or ITO-Ag-ITO multilayers.The first electrode 20 can alternatively or additionally comprise: networks of metallic nanowires and particles, for example made of Ag, networks of carbon nanotubes, graphene particles and layers and / or networks of semiconducting nanowires.

[0067] Above the first electrode 20, an optically functional layer structure, for example an organic functional layer structure 22 (also referred to as organic), is formed. The organic functional layer structure 22 can, for example, have one, two, or more sublayers. For example, the organic functional layer structure 22 can have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter layer, an electron transport layer, and / or an electron injection layer. The hole injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the first electrode and the hole transport layer. In the hole transport layer, the hole conductivity is greater than the electron conductivity. The hole transport layer serves to transport the holes. In the electron transport layer, the electron conductivity is greater than the hole conductivity. The electron transport layer serves to transport the electrons.The electron injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the second electrode and the electron transport layer. Furthermore, the organic functional layer structure 22 can comprise one, two, or more functional layer structure units, each comprising the aforementioned sublayers and / or further intermediate layers. In various embodiments, the organic functional layer structure 22 corresponds to that described in the [references]. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. 2 described, organic, light-emitting layer structure 104.

[0068] Above the organic, functional layer structure 22, the second electrode 23 of the organic, light-emitting layer structure is formed, which is electrically coupled to the second contact section 18. The second electrode 23 can be configured according to one of the embodiments of the first electrode 20 described above, wherein the first electrode 20 is connected to the one described in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. 2 corresponds to the light-absorbing layer described. Alternatively, the second electrode 23 can be used with the one described in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. The two described light-absorbing layers correspond, with the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 23 being configured differently in the display element. The first electrode 20 serves, for example, as the anode or cathode of the organic, light-emitting layer structure. The second electrode 23 serves, correspondingly to the first electrode, as the cathode or anode of the organic, light-emitting layer structure.

[0069] The organic, light-emitting layer structure is an electrically and / or optically active region. The active region is, for example, the area of ​​the organic, light-emitting device 1 in which electric current flows to operate the organic, light-emitting device 1 and / or in which electromagnetic radiation is generated. A getter structure (not shown) can be arranged on or above the active region. The getter layer can be translucent, transparent, or opaque. The getter layer can comprise or be composed of a material that absorbs and binds substances that are harmful to the active region.

[0070] The contact area comprises components of the organic light-emitting device 1 that are intended for external electrical contacting of the organic light-emitting device 1. For example, the contact area comprises the first contact section 16, the second contact section 18, and parts of the organic light-emitting device 1 that are arranged on and / or above or below the first contact section 16 and the second contact section 18. For example, the contact area comprises a part of the holder structure 12, the adhesive layer 36, the encapsulation layer 24, and the cover body 38.

[0071] An encapsulation layer 24 of the organic, light-emitting layer structure is formed over the second electrode 23 and partially over the first contact section 16 and partially over the second contact section 18. This encapsulation layer 24 encapsulates the organic, light-emitting layer structure. The encapsulation layer 24 can be configured as a second barrier layer, for example, as a second barrier thin film. The encapsulation layer 24 can also be referred to as thin-film encapsulation. The encapsulation layer 24 forms a barrier against chemical impurities and atmospheric substances, particularly water (moisture) and oxygen. The encapsulation layer 24 can be configured as a single layer, a stack of layers, or a layered structure.The encapsulation layer 24 can comprise or be formed from: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), nylon 66, as well as mixtures and alloys thereof. Optionally, the first barrier layer on the support 12 can be configured corresponding to an embodiment of the encapsulation layer 24.

[0072] An adhesive layer 36 can be formed above the encapsulation layer 24. The adhesive layer 36 comprises, for example, an adhesive, such as a laminating adhesive, a varnish, and / or a resin. The adhesive layer 36 can, for example, contain particles that scatter electromagnetic radiation, such as light-scattering particles. The encapsulation layer 24 can be bonded to the layer described in the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. 2. ...

[0073] A cover body 38 is formed above the adhesive layer 36. The adhesive layer 36 serves to attach the cover body 38 to the encapsulation layer 24. The cover body 38 comprises, for example, plastic, glass, and / or metal. For example, the cover body 38 can be made primarily of glass and have a thin metal layer, such as a metal foil, and / or a graphite layer, such as a graphite laminate, on the glass body. The cover body 38 serves to protect the organic, light-emitting component 20, for example, from external mechanical forces.

[0074] Furthermore, the cover body 38 can serve to distribute and / or dissipate heat generated in the organic, light-emitting component 20. For example, the glass of the cover body 38 can serve as protection against external influences, and the metal layer of the cover body 38 can serve to distribute and / or dissipate the heat generated during the operation of the organic, light-emitting component 20. The encapsulation layer 24, the cover body 38, and the adhesive layer 36 can be combined with the material described in the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. The encapsulation described in section 2 must match.

[0075] According to a first embodiment, a display element 100a, 100b, 200 has an active, light-emitting area and a contact area, wherein the light-emitting area comprises an organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 and a light-absorbing layer 106 arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure, and the contact area is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 and the light-absorbing layer 106, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 comprises a light-absorbing material that has a light absorption in a range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light 110 incident on the light-absorbing layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm, and wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is optically connected to the organic, light-emitting layer structure 108. is coupled.

[0076] According to a second embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material is a carbon compound.

[0077] According to a third embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material comprises a metal or metal oxide that is essentially diffusely scattering.

[0078] According to a fourth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first or the second embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material essentially comprises graphite.

[0079] According to a fifth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 can be designed according to one of the first to fourth embodiments such that the incident visible light 110 is essentially an external light incident on the display element 100a, 100b, 200.

[0080] According to a sixth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to one of the first to fifth embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 has a first transparent electrode and a second non-transparent electrode, wherein the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is the second electrode.

[0081] According to a seventh embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to one of the first to fifth embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 has a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in physical contact with the first electrode or with the second electrode.

[0082] According to an eighth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first to seventh embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises a substrate 102 through which the display element 100a, 100b, 200 emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the substrate 102.

[0083] According to a ninth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first to seventh embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises an encapsulation through which the display element 100a, 100b, 200 emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the encapsulation.

[0084] According to a tenth embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 according to the first to the ninth embodiments can be designed such that the light-absorbing layer 106 is free from physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104.

[0085] According to an eleventh embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 can be designed according to one of the first to tenth embodiments such that the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged over the entire surface of the active light-emitting area.

[0086] The display element 100a, 100b, 200 is further designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises a substrate 102 and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, wherein the exposed surface of the substrate or the encapsulation is designed to be diffusely reflective.

[0087] According to a 13th embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 can be designed according to one of the 1st to 12th embodiments in such a way that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 is flexible.

[0088] According to a 14th embodiment, the display element 100a, 100b, 200 can be designed according to one of the 1st to 13th embodiments in such a way that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 is glass-free.

[0089] According to a 15th embodiment, a method for manufacturing a display element can be provided, comprising a method: - Forming an active, light-emitting area and a contact area, wherein the light-emitting area has an organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and a light-absorbing layer (106) arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure, and the contact area is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and the light-absorbing layer (106), wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) comprises a light-absorbing material which has a light absorption in a range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light (110) incident on the light-absorbing layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure (108).

[0090] According to a 16th embodiment, the method according to the 15th embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material is a carbon compound.

[0091] According to a 17th embodiment, the method according to the 15th embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material comprises a metal or metal oxide that is essentially diffusely scattering.

[0092] According to an 18th embodiment, the method according to the 15th or 16th embodiment can be designed such that the light-absorbing material essentially comprises graphite.

[0093] According to a 19th embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 18th embodiments can be designed such that the incident visible light 110 is essentially an external light incident on the display element 100a, 100b, 200.

[0094] According to a 20th embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 19th embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 has a first transparent electrode and a second non-transparent electrode, wherein the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is the second electrode.

[0095] According to a 21st embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 19th embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 has a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in physical contact with the first electrode or with the second electrode.

[0096] According to a 22nd embodiment, the method according to the 15th to 21st embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises a substrate 102 through which the display element 100a, 100b, 200 emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the substrate 102.

[0097] According to a 23rd embodiment, the method according to the 15th to 21st embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises an encapsulation through which the display element 100a, 100b, 200 emits light during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104 facing away from the encapsulation.

[0098] According to a 24th embodiment, the method according to the 15th to 23rd embodiments can be designed such that the light-absorbing layer 106 is free from physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104.

[0099] According to a 25th embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 24th embodiments can be designed such that the light-absorbing layer 106 is arranged over the entire surface of the active light-emitting area.

[0100] The display element 100a, 100b, 200 further comprises a substrate 102 and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, the exposed surface of the substrate or the encapsulation being diffusely reflective.

[0101] According to a 27th embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 26th embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 is flexibly designed.

[0102] According to a 28th embodiment, the method according to one of the 15th to 27th embodiments can be designed such that the display element 100a, 100b, 200 is glass-free.

[0103] The invention is not limited to the specified embodiments. For example, several different display elements arranged side by side or one above the other can be used in the form of a display. REFERENCE MARK LIST 100a, 100b, 200 Display element 102 Substrat 104 organic, functional layer structure 106 light-absorbing layer 108 electrode 110 incident light 1 organic, light-emitting component 12 carriers 14 Electrode layer 16, 18 Contact section 20, 23 electrode 21 electrical insulation barrier 22 organic, functional layer structure 24 Encapsulation layer 32 Contact area 36 Adhesive layer 38 Cover bodies 400 non-organic light-emitting diode-based solution 402 LED 404 Optical fibers 406 Diffuser film 408 aperture 410 organic light-emitting diode based solution 412 OLED 414 Protective layer

Claims

[1] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) comprising an active, light-emitting area and a contact area, wherein the light-emitting area has an organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and a light-absorbing layer (106) arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure, and the contact area is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and the light-absorbing layer (106), wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) comprises a light-absorbing material which has a light absorption in a range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light (110) incident on the light-absorbing layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) has a thickness in the range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) further comprises a substrate (102) and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate (102) and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, wherein the exposed surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation is diffusely reflective and wherein the surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation has a roughness in a range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 400 nm. [2] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the light-absorbing material comprises a metal or metal oxide that is substantially diffusely scattering, wherein the metal is selected from magnesium, aluminium, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, palladium, vanadium, selenium, indium, silver, calcium, copper, silver nanowires and / or copper nanowires, wherein the metal oxide is a metal oxide corresponding to these metals. [3] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light-absorbing material essentially comprises graphite. [4] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the incident visible light (110) is essentially an external light incident on the display element (100a, 100b, 200). [5] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) has a first transparent electrode and a second non-transparent electrode, wherein the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is the second electrode. [6] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) has a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is arranged in physical contact with the first electrode or with the second electrode. [7] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) emits light through the substrate (102) during operation, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) facing away from the substrate (102). [8] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) emits light during operation through the encapsulation, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is arranged in the side of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) facing away from the encapsulation. [9] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is free from physical contact with the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104). [10] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is arranged over the entire area of ​​the active light-emitting region. [11] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the light-absorbing material comprises a metal or metal oxide and a surface of the light-absorbing layer (106) of metal or metal oxide is non-reflective. [12] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) is flexible. [13] Display element (100a, 100b, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) is glass-free. [14] Method for producing a display element comprising the method: - Forming an active, light-emitting area and a contact area, wherein the light-emitting area has an organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and a light-absorbing layer (106) arranged on or above the organic, light-emitting layer structure, and the contact area is free of the organic, light-emitting layer structure (104) and the light-absorbing layer (106), wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) comprises a light-absorbing material which has a light absorption in a range of approximately 90% to 100% of the visible light (110) incident on the light-absorbing layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) has a thickness in the range of approximately 0.1 µm to 5000 µm, wherein the light-absorbing layer (106) is optically coupled to the organic, light-emitting layer structure 104, and wherein the display element (100a, 100b, 200) further comprises a substrate (102) and an encapsulation, wherein the substrate (102) and the encapsulation each have an exposed surface, wherein the exposed surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation is diffusely reflective and wherein the surface of the substrate (102) or the encapsulation has a roughness in a range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 400 nm.

Images