UV protective film for outdoor use and methods for its manufacture

Abstract

UV protection film comprehensive: - a base film made of polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate or polyolefin, - a printed design and / or a coloring of the base film, - an abrasion-resistant, transparent polyurethane-based melt coating containing particles of appropriate hardness, and - a lacquer and / or a polymer protective layer, characterized in that an embossed, transparent intermediate layer comprising a reactive melt mass is arranged under the abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating, which contains no or fewer particles than the abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to UV protective films for outdoor use, specifically for coating building elements such as floor coverings, in particular terrace decking, intended for outdoor use, a method for manufacturing building elements, and a method for manufacturing the film.

[0002] A key trend in recent years has been the use of high-quality building elements for outdoor spaces. More and more people are transforming their patios, balconies, and outdoor seating areas into additional living spaces. This includes not only suitable furniture but also attractive flooring, privacy screens, fences, planters, and much more. While the look of natural stone and wood remains largely preferred, there is a growing demand for easier-to-maintain surfaces.

[0003] These requirements can be met using plastics. Besides the use of solid plastics, and more recently so-called WPC (wood-plastic composite) materials, coating substrates has long been a known method. This has proven very successful for elements such as walls and fences. However, for floor coverings, the durability has so far been insufficient and / or other defects occur. For example, the laminating films commonly used for indoor furniture and flooring have problems in outdoor applications, such as the fact that decorative papers fade due to insufficient UV protection of the top layer(s), and the surface is often too smooth, thus failing to achieve the slip resistance required for outdoor flooring.

[0004] The challenge therefore remains to provide low-maintenance and durable surfaces with the desired appearance for outdoor use. For the state of the art, reference is made to DE 10 2018 005 880 A1 and US 2018 / 0 162 108 A1.

[0005] Surprisingly, it has now been discovered that printed base films made of PVC, polyacrylate, or polyolefin, coated with an abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating and varnished, offer effective UV protection, thus achieving the necessary durability of the printed design. Slip resistance is ensured by embossing in combination with the abrasion-resistant polyurethane melt coating. Embossing is particularly easy to achieve thanks to an embossed intermediate layer beneath the polyurethane melt coating.

[0006] The above problem is thus solved by a UV protective film according to claim 1, which comprises: - a base film made of PVC, polyacrylate or polyolefin, - a printed design and / or a coloring of the base film, - an embossed intermediate layer comprising a polyurethane-based reactive melt compound - an abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating, and - a varnish and / or a polymer protective layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the problem is solved by a method for producing coated components according to claim 9, in which this UV protective film is laminated with a substrate, by using the UV protective film for coating substrates, and by a method for producing UV protective films in which a base film made of PVC, polyacrylate or polyolefin is printed with a design and / or dyed, a polyurethane-based melt coating is applied and a lacquer and / or a polymer protective layer is applied over it, wherein a layer is embossed below the lacquer.

[0008] The UV protection films according to the invention have a structure of at least four layers. Further layers are possible, e.g., a primer on the underside of the base film. The layers of the UV protection film can each consist independently of one another of several layers. For example, thick layers can be obtained by repeatedly applying the material with a doctor blade, or a base film can be produced by co-extrusion. The layers can have identical or different compositions.

[0009] Within the scope of the present invention, "bottom," "underside," "underside," etc., refers to the surface of a layer that faces the substrate or is closer to the substrate. "Top," "above," and "topside" denote a position facing away from or further away from the substrate; the uppermost surface of the UV protective film forms the functional surface of the component.

[0010] A printable base film is used as the bottom layer. This must, on the one hand, ensure sufficient adhesion to the substrate during lamination, and on the other hand, it provides the necessary mechanical properties to the UV protective film as a carrier during manufacturing and processing.

[0011] Suitable materials for the base film are PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyacrylates and polyolefins.

[0012] The bond to the substrate is typically achieved via adhesive lamination, for example, using polyurethane hot melt adhesive. To optimize adhesion, the underside of the base film can be primed. For instance, a primer based on vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer is well-suited for PVC, polyacrylate, and PVC-polyacrylate films. A two-component polyurethane primer is suitable for polyolefin films, among others. Alternatively or additionally, the base film can undergo plasma irradiation, corona treatment, or other surface treatments.

[0013] A PVC base film preferably contains, in addition to polyvinyl chloride, a stabilizer, processing aids, a UV absorber, an antistatic agent, and pigments. Modifiers, particularly polyacrylate, and epoxidized soybean oil are also preferably included. Tin has proven particularly effective as a stabilizer; BaZn and CaZn are also suitable. Tin is preferably used in combination with phosphite as a co-stabilizer. Processing aids include, for example, polymeric flow agents, such as those based on MMA, BA, or styrene. Furthermore, PVC films can be used with polymer plasticizers and with copolymers—especially those based on vinyl chloride and acrylates.

[0014] The PVC content is typically 70% to 85% by weight. The plasticizer content is usually up to 30% by weight, but can be wholly or partially replaced by suitable raw material additives or alternative raw materials such as copolymers. Recycled material can be a component of the formulation. The amount can be up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 5% by weight. The incorporated material can be of the same or a slightly modified formulation.

[0015] Polyacrylate base films can preferably be made of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), and / or ethyl acrylate (EA); in particular, copolymers of two, and especially preferably all three, of the aforementioned monomers are used. The base film also typically contains one or more UV absorbers, e.g., benzotriazole-based, antioxidants such as phenolic antioxidants, light stabilizers, preferably HALS, and pigments. Furthermore, processing aids based on polyacrylate may be included.

[0016] Polyolefin base films may preferably be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or olefin copolymers. The films may contain filler, e.g., chalk, and the usual additives. For example, the polyolefin base film may contain, for every 100 parts by weight of polyolefin or polyolefin alloy, preferably propylene homopolymer or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 25 to 120 parts by weight of a fine-particle mineral filler or mineral filler mixture, preferably calcium carbonate, alkaline earth oxides, microtalc, kaolin, silicates, magnesium aluminum oxy- or hydroxycarbonates, and / or silicates and / or silica gel with a mean particle size of less than 10 µm, preferably from 0.05 to 5 µm.According to another embodiment, the polyolefin base film contains, for every 100 parts by weight of polyolefin or polyolefin alloy, preferably propylene homopolymer or HDPE, 5 to 40 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of polyolefin), preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight, at least one finely divided organic filler or combinations of these quantities by weight of organic fillers with 0 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, at least one finely divided mineral inorganic filler or filler mixture.

[0017] The thickness of the base film is typically 80 to 250 µm, preferably 100 to 200 µm, and particularly preferably 120 to 160 µm. The base film is generally produced by calendering, but can also be extruded. Extrusion includes all processes, namely blown film, cast film, and cast film extrusion. Cast film extrusion is preferred. The melt is distributed through a slot die and cooled by a chill roll. Single-screw and multi-screw extruders and their variations are suitable tools. Production is preferably carried out using a single-screw extruder.

[0018] The desired design is printed onto the base film, unless the base film is colored for solid colors. The base film can be colored throughout, or, in the case of multi-layered base films, only the top layer can be colored. This is preferred for solid-color designs. A colored base film or the top layer of the base film can also provide a base color for printing. Design printing can be achieved using any known method. Intaglio printing, especially with solvent-based inks, and digital printing are particularly suitable. Designs can include woodgrain, natural stone, and fantasy patterns, as well as solid colors. The printing ink is applied to the base film, for example, by a series of printing rollers. In digital printing, both single-pass and multi-pass printheads can be used. The printed images are often composed of several inks and are characterized by their lightfastness.In addition to solvent-based printing inks, water-based inks are also conceivable.

[0019] The pigments used to color the base film or its top layer and to create solid colors can be organic or inorganic and can reflect or transmit the IR component in sunlight.

[0020] Above the print, an embossed intermediate layer and an abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating are applied. In the context of the present invention, the polyurethane-based melt coating, also referred to as PUR melt coating or simply melt coating, is a reactive melt compound such as those described in WO 2006 / 056472 A1, WO 2012 / 084823 A1, WO 2006 / 106143 A1, or US 8,153,265 B2. The reactive melt compound can react and harden, for example, due to ambient humidity or irradiation with, for example, UV light. It can be a one- or two-component compound. It is important that the PUR melt coating is transparent so that the color or print remains visible through the melt coating.

[0021] Preferably, one-component, atmospherically curing reactive melt compounds containing a polyurethane prepolymer are used. Upon heating, the prepolymer chains liquefy into an applicable liquid, which cures to form a polyurethane layer upon the addition of moisture.

[0022] To increase abrasion resistance, the reactive melt mass of the abrasion-resistant enamel coating contains particles with appropriate hardness. Particles used as abrasives, such as corundum, zirconium, silicon carbide, boron nitride, diamond, or glass particles, are preferred. Corundum and glass particles are particularly favored due to their cost-effectiveness.

[0023] The abrasion-resistant PUR melt coating layer typically has a thickness of 10 to 150 µm, preferably 20 to 120 µm, and particularly 30 to 100 µm. It can be applied in a manner known per se by brushing, squeegeeing, roller application, etc.

[0024] Beneath the abrasion-resistant polyurethane (PUR) melt coating is an embossed intermediate layer, also formed from a polyurethane-based reactive melt compound, but containing no or significantly less filler than the abrasion-resistant PUR melt coating. This intermediate layer must also be transparent. The intermediate layer makes it particularly easy to achieve a bubble-free and therefore highly transparent PUR melt coating. Without a filler-free intermediate layer, gas bubbles can be introduced during application of the PUR melt coating, impairing its transparency.

[0025] The thickness of the intermediate layer depends on the desired embossing depth and the thickness of the PUR melt coating layer and is generally from 10 to 100 µm, preferably from 20 to 80 µm, particularly preferably from 30 to 60 µm.

[0026] The intermediate layer can be applied in the same way as the PUR melt coating, whereby the same or different methods can be used for coating a single film. In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate layer is applied using a slot die, with or without a roller, and the PUR melt coating layer is applied by roller application. Advantageously, the same reactive melt compound is used for the intermediate layer as for the abrasion-resistant PUR melt coating, but without particles. It is also possible to use a different reactive melt compound, e.g., a radiation-curable compound for the intermediate layer and a moisture-curing compound for the melt coating. The intermediate layer can also be supplied as a film, e.g., as an embossed film. The intermediate layer significantly improves UV protection because it contains few or no particles.Without the intermediate layer, particles in the PUR melt coating could reach the base film and thus allow light to pass directly onto the printed design.

[0027] The embossing of the intermediate layer is carried out in a known manner, for example, using a pair of rollers. As is also known, the embossing pattern can be tailored to and correspond with the printed design. Thus, it is common for the embossing to follow the grain of the printed wood structure or, in the case of a tile look, to simulate grout lines.

[0028] Typical embossing depths range from 5 to 30 µm, preferably from 10 to 20 µm. This, in combination with the particles in the PUR melt coating layer, ensures sufficient slip resistance. Slip resistance ratings of at least R10 to R12 according to DIN 51130 or ASR A1.5 / 1,2 are typically achieved, preferably at least R11.

[0029] The top layer consists of a transparent lacquer and / or a peelable polymer protective layer. Due to the PUR melt coating layer on the surface, the film is very rough. This is desirable to achieve high slip resistance when wet. However, a very rough and very hard abrasion-resistant surface has the disadvantage that the pressure rollers of wrapping or coating systems wear out very quickly, and the process becomes unstable. Complaints due to defective coating are the result. Therefore, the surface of the protective film according to the invention is formed by the lacquer or the polymer protective layer. Applying a lacquer or a polymer protective layer is also necessary to be able to immediately wind the film with the PUR melt coating. Otherwise, the film roll will jam, as it normally takes some time for the applied melt coating(s) to cure and become block-resistant.If the polymer protective layer does not exhibit excessive adhesion to the PUR melt compound, the lacquer layer can be omitted, and the material can be wound through the protective layer. An additional advantage of the protective layer is that it protects the surface of the component from scratches, for example, from the anti-slip PUR melt coating of other components. A lacquer remains part of the protective film according to the invention; the polymer protective layer is removed after the component is manufactured or directly before or after its installation.

[0030] Acrylic and polyurethane lacquers are preferred as coatings, especially radiation-curable lacquers. The crosslinking of the lacquer is preferably carried out by UV or LED lamps. This can be done by a single or multiple sources. The energy output is, for example, 30 W to 200 W, preferably 50 W to 180 W, and particularly 90 W to 150 W.

[0031] The lacquer is expediently applied by roller or spray application and, if necessary, cured by irradiation. Thicknesses of 1 to 50 µm, preferably 3 to 15 µm, and particularly preferably 5 to 10 µm, have proven effective. The lacquer improves UV protection and also provides an anti-blocking effect, allowing the UV protective film to be wound and, more importantly, unwound without difficulty. The lacquer typically has a low gloss level of 4 to 20 gloss points, preferably up to 15 gloss points, according to ISO 2813. The gloss level is measured using a goniophometer. The measuring angle can be 20°, 35°, 60° (preferred), 80°, or 85°.

[0032] A preferably melt-mixed polymer protective layer of polyethylene (PE, preferably HDPE) or of PE (preferably LDPE mixed with linear low-density polyethylene, LLDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is used. EVA typically has a vinyl acetate content in the range of 15 to 25 wt.%. The polymer protective layer may contain additives such as heat stabilizers, HALS, UV stabilizers, and optionally fillers. In a preferred embodiment, no additives are included, or only UV stabilizers are present in a lower than usual amount.

[0033] The polymer protective layer material exhibits the desired adhesion to the PUR melt layer or the coating by selecting the correct weight ratio of PE to EVA. The adhesion should be sufficient to prevent the polymer protective layer from detaching significantly until the completion of component manufacturing. It must be weak enough to allow the protective layer to be peeled off. The mixing ratios depend on the desired surface roughness and, if applicable, also on the desired adhesion to the coating. The PE:EVA mixing ratio, based on mass, can range from 1:5 to 5:1, preferably from 1:1 to 3:1, depending on the desired adhesion. Adhesion can also be influenced by mixing different PEs; for example, adding LLDPE leads to increased adhesion and simultaneously improved tear resistance, which facilitates peeling.Other melting compounds that create the desired adhesion with the PUR melt coating layer or the paint are also possible, e.g. compounds that are known as protection for PVC-laminated sheets.

[0034] The polymer protective layer can be applied to the rough surface after PUR melt coating or painting using a casting, doctor blade, or rolling process. The casting process into a cooled roller gap is preferred. In this process, the melt flows into the valleys and mitigates the abrasive effect. The side facing the coating pressure rollers is designed to be smooth.

[0035] The application quantity depends on the structure of the anti-slip PUR melt coating and ranges from 20 g / m². 2 up to 200 g / m² 2 , preferably 100 g / m² 2 and 150 g / m² 2 .

[0036] The total thickness of the UV protective film without a polymer protective layer is typically from 10 to 150 µm, preferably from 40 to 100 µm and particularly preferably from 50 to 80 µm.

[0037] The UV protective film according to the invention preferably has at least one of the following properties: - Scratch resistance ≥ 3 N, preferably ≥ 4 N, according to DIN 15186, or at least class A3 according to DIN EN 16094:2012-04 and B3 according to DIN CEN / TS 16611:2014, and / or - Abrasion and wear resistance ≥ 3,000 revolutions, preferably ≥ 4,000 revolutions according to DIN EN 13329 or ≥ 8,000 revolutions, preferably 10,000 revolutions according to EN 14354:2017-11, and / or - Weather resistance with at least 10,000, preferably at least 15,000, test hours according to EN 513 (Method 1 (M)) and a minimum color stability of grey scale 3, assessed according to EN 20105-A02 and / or - Slip resistance reaches at least class R10, which according to DIN 51130:2014 corresponds to a minimum slope of 10°, preferably R11.

[0038] Suitable substrates include wood, metal, plastic, and composite materials. The substrate provides the necessary mechanical properties for the component. Coating with the UV protective film achieves the desired visual appearance while simultaneously protecting the substrate from the elements. Plastics do not age due to UV light, metals do not corrode, and wood remains dry and is also protected from UV light. The surface is easy to clean and thus remains visually appealing for significantly longer with much less effort.

[0039] Typical building components include decking boards and slabs for terraces, balconies, paths, etc., panels, fence posts and elements, privacy screens, and planters. According to the invention, floor coverings are of particular interest because they have high requirements for slip resistance, get dirty very quickly, and are subject to high UV and mechanical stress. Previous products often failed to achieve the required slip resistance, deteriorated too quickly in appearance due to UV light, and / or were not able to withstand mechanical stress. Delamination, especially at corners and edges, was a common occurrence.

[0040] In contrast, the components manufactured according to the invention offer improved UV protection, particularly when the intermediate layer is present, and do not compromise on slip resistance. Mechanical strength is also improved, as the adhesion of the base film to the substrate and of the film layers to each other is optimized by the measures described.

[0041] Elesgo paper-based films are well-known for outdoor use. These films consist of a printed paper film impregnated with acrylate and coated with a thick, corundum-containing acrylic lacquer. The surface texture is created by a textured film, but only slip resistance around R10 is achieved. This is a low value for safe walking in wet conditions. Plastic-based versions of this film with improved internal strength have the same poor slip resistance due to the identical coating manufacturing technology. The process is shown at https: / / laminate.de / index.php / de / technologie2 / prozess.

[0042] HPL compact panels are also known, which are produced using melamine or phenolic resin-impregnated paper. Many of these products have low lightfastness due to the printing process. The slip resistance of these products is achieved using press plates, which reduces the effectiveness of corundum embedded in the top paper layer. While this achieves good abrasion resistance, the slip resistance is rather low, as the press plates would otherwise wear out quickly due to the process.

[0043] Current technology offers no high-quality decorative finishes for horizontal exterior applications comparable to those made possible by this invention. Existing systems fail to meet these high standards after only a few years. Common problems include layer separation, layer cracking, fading and color changes due to the use of unsuitable UV protection layers, difficult processing due to excessive stiffness, increased water absorption and resulting swelling, and insufficient adhesion to the substrate.

[0044] Embodiments of the inventive method for producing the UV protective film are described in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 illustrates. The in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. The processes illustrated in Figure 7 are not within the scope of the invention. The same reference numerals are used for the devices shown in the figures for identical process sequences. In all illustrated processes, a base film 1 is produced in a manner known per se (not shown), e.g., by calendering. This base film 1 is printed in a similarly known manner (unless it is a colored film for monochromatic components) and, if necessary, provided with a primer 5 on its underside (underside meaning facing the substrate) and / or irradiated. The base film 1 is usually rolled up and stored. In the next step, the printed (or colored) base film 1 is unrolled, and a reactive melt compound is applied to the base film 1 or the print D.

[0045] In the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. In the embodiments shown in 6, an intermediate layer 2 without particles is first applied using a slot nozzle a. The intermediate layer 2 on the base film 1 is embossed with a pair of rollers b, b'.

[0046] In all figures, an abrasion-resistant polyurethane-based melt coating with particles is applied as a second or third layer 3 using rollers c, c'. The heated PUR melt coating 3 cures after application through contact with atmospheric moisture. Alternatively, radiation curing can be provided for radiation-curing reactive melt compounds.

[0047] Then in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6. The lacquer 4, here a UV-curing acrylic lacquer, is applied by rollers d, d'. The lacquer 4 is cured by UV radiation from the radiation source. The curing of the lacquer is carried out, for example, by UV lamps or LED lamps; an excimer laser or excimer-UV lamp may also be used to achieve a matting effect and improved scratch resistance of the surface.

[0048] According to Fig. 2. A polymer protective layer 6 is poured onto the paint, according to Fig. 4 squeegeed and according to Fig. 6 rolled out. In Fig. 3 (not according to the invention) the polymer protective layer 6 is poured directly onto the PUR melt coating 3, in Fig. 5 (not according to the invention) squeegeed and in Fig. 7 (not according to the invention) rolled on.

[0049] The finished UV protective film is wound up and, after the melt coating(s) have cured, is ready for coating substrates. It includes, in the case of the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 an intermediate layer and a varnish, as well as in the Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 a polymer protective layer. Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 (not according to the invention) the lacquer and the intermediate layer are missing, at Fig. 1 a polymer protective layer.

[0050] The Fig. 8a and Fig. Figure 8b schematically shows the layers of a first preferred UV protective film, separated and combined. It can be seen how the embossing of the intermediate layer 2 determines the surface structure of the UV protective film. The PUR melt coating 3 and the lacquer 4 follow the structure of the intermediate layer 2.

[0051] The Fig. 9a and Fig. Figure 9b schematically shows the layers of a second preferred UV protective film, separated and combined. It can be seen how the embossing of the intermediate layer 2 determines the surface structure of the UV protective film. The PUR melt coating 3, lacquer 4, and polymer protective layer 6 follow the structure of the intermediate layer 2.

[0052] The Fig. 10a and Fig. Figure 10b schematically shows the layers of a third preferred UV protective film, separated and combined. It can be seen how the embossing of the intermediate layer 2 determines the surface structure of the UV protective film. The PUR melt coating 3 and the polymer protective layer 6 follow the structure of the intermediate layer 2.

[0053] The invention also relates to all combinations of preferred embodiments, provided these are not mutually exclusive. The terms "approximately" or "about" in conjunction with a numerical value mean that values ​​at least 10% higher or lower, or 5% higher or lower, and in any case values ​​1% higher or lower, are included. Unless otherwise specified or the context necessarily implies otherwise, percentages refer to weight, or, if in doubt, to the total weight of the mixture. Reference symbol list 1 Base slide 2 Intermediate layer 3 PUR melt coating based on polyurethane 4 lacquer 5 primers 6 Polymer protective layer D pressure a slot nozzle with or without roller rod b, b' embossing roller pair c, c' Roller application PUR melt coating d, d' Roller application varnish e radiation source f Casting (direct extrusion) polymer protective layer g. Squeegee application of polymer protective layer h Roller application polymer protective layer

Claims

UV protective film comprising: - a base film made of polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate or polyolefin, - a printed design and / or coloring of the base film, - an abrasion-resistant, transparent polyurethane-based melt coating containing particles of appropriate hardness, and - a varnish and / or a polymer protective layer, characterized in that an embossed, transparent intermediate layer comprising a reactive melt mass containing no or fewer particles than the polyurethane-based abrasion-resistant melt coating is arranged beneath the polyurethane-based abrasion-resistant melt coating. UV protective film according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the intermediate layer is 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 80 µm, particularly preferably 30 to 60 µm. UV protective film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base film has a primer on the underside and / or has been subjected to plasma radiation or corona treatment. UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base film has a thickness of 40 to 250 µm, preferably 100 to 200 µm and particularly preferably 120 to 160 µm. UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the particles are selected from among other things glass particles, particles used as abrasives and mixtures thereof, preferably corundum. UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the abrasion-resistant melt coating has a thickness of 10 to 150 µm, preferably 20 to 120 µm and particularly 30 to 100 µm. UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lacquer is an acrylate lacquer or a polyurethane lacquer, preferably a radiation-curable acrylate or polyurethane lacquer. UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the varnish has a thickness of 1 to 50 µm, preferably of 3 to 15 µm, particularly preferably of 5 to 10 µm. Method for manufacturing coated components, characterized in that a UV protective film according to one of claims 1 to 8 is laminated with a substrate. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the UV protective film is laminated to the substrate by heat lamination or adhesive lamination, e.g. using polyurethane hot melt adhesive. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the substrate is made of wood, metal, plastic or composite material. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the building element is selected from floorboards and slabs, panels, fence posts and elements, privacy screen elements, and planting boxes. A method for producing UV protective films according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: - producing a base film made of PVC, polyacrylate or polyolefin and printing the base film with a design or producing a colored base film made of PVC, polyacrylate or polyolefin; - applying a polyurethane-based melt coating to the base film or the print; - applying a varnish and / or a polymer protective layer, wherein the base film and / or an intermediate layer is embossed beneath the melt coating and / or the melt coating is embossed, characterized in that an embossed polyurethane-based intermediate layer, containing no or significantly less filler than the melt coating, is introduced beneath the melt coating. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the base film is printed in gravure printing, in particular with solvent inks, or in digital printing. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the abrasion-resistant melt coating is applied by brushing, squeegeeing or roller application. Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the embossed polyurethane-based intermediate layer is introduced using a slot nozzle with or without a roller bar. Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the embossing depths are from 5 to 30 µm, preferably from 10 to 20 µm. Method according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the lacquer is cured by radiation and / or the polymer protective layer is applied by pouring, squeegeeing or roller application.

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