Security system and procedures with a security system

Abstract

Security system (1) with an electronic access control system (2) for a security area (3) for objects (4), with at least one radio transponder (5) and at least one radio station (6) for detecting the radio transponder (5) and at least one control and evaluation unit (7) which is connected to the radio station (6) for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area (8) with an access station (11), wherein the security area (3) is only accessible via the access area (8), such that the access area (8) is passable by the object (4) before reaching the security area (3) and after leaving the security area (3), wherein the access station (11) is activated when an object passes through the access area, where permissible objects have the radio transponder (5), wherein the radio transponder (5) has an identification feature, making the object (4) identifiable, wherein the permissible objects (4) can pass through the access area (8) with the radio transponder (5), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) from the radio station (6) in a first area (9) in the direction of movement in front of the access area (8) when the object enters the security area (3), characterized by the fact that the first area (9) in front of the access area (8) is located in the direction of access before the access area (8) and the second area (10) after the access area (8) is located in the direction of access after the access area (8), wherein the first area (9) and the second area (10) are each located on different sides of the access area (8), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is configured to read and check the radio transponder (5) again in a second area (10) in the direction of movement after the access area (8), where a permissible passage through the access area (8) and a permissible entry into the security area (3) only exists if the radio transponder (5) has been validly read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7) in the first area (9) and in the second area (10), where permissible objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area, and unauthorized objects are not registered in the security area by the control and evaluation unit.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a security system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method with a security system according to the preamble of claim 21.

[0002] EP 3 306 173 A1 discloses a safety system with a safety switch for monitoring a safe protective device state of a movable protective device, with a base housing consisting of at least two partial bodies that can be positioned relative to one another, wherein a signal receiver is provided in one partial body and a signal transmitter is provided in the other partial body, so that a safe state of the protective device can be detected by means of an evaluation unit, with a locking unit with at least one locking element for locking or unlocking the protective device, wherein at least one mobile identification transponder is provided, at least one transponder reading unit arranged in the safety switch, which is connected to the evaluation unit, wherein the evaluation unit or an external central control unit is designed,to unlock or lock the locking unit after checking and verifying the transponder signal received from the identification transponder.

[0003] According to EP 3 306 173 A1, identification takes place decentrally in the field or on a system, directly at the safe locking device of the safety door or via the external central control unit. Especially on larger machines, the machine operator can be assigned different authorizations without having to operate the machine via the central HMI or installing a parallel identification system on the door.

[0004] DE 20 2004 004 273 U1 discloses a system in which each person or object carries electronically or electromagnetically addressable identification devices with a defined individual code, such as a transponder or contactless read / write card containing a microchip, and transmitting / receiving stations or read / write stations assigned to the individual rooms, which are connected to the transponders orCards can interact and which in turn are connected by means of wireless or wired connection devices to access control devices, such as electronically locked and unlocked door locks, and / or by a network and / or data bus to which a data processing and storage device is connected for processing, storing and optionally forwarding data to a personal computer, and / or by data input / output devices, such as screens, printers and keyboards for controlling, displaying and / or printing out the monitored states.

[0005] In this way, the path of an object equipped with a chip or transponder, such as a package or briefcase, or even a person carrying the chip or transponder device, can be monitored in the area in which the transmitting / receiving stations or read / write stations, housed, for example, in locking devices of the invention, are located. In particular, the path of an employee through various rooms of a factory or office facility can be monitored, as can the path of a briefcase or package equipped with a corresponding transponder or chip.

[0006] WO 2011 / 090 485 A1 discloses a safety system comprising a work area having a perimeter and dangerous automated machines within the perimeter, wherein access of workers to the work area within the perimeter is controlled by one or more controlled access points; at least one safety work cell within the perimeter, wherein each safety work cell does not have any dangerous automated machines within or accessible from the safety work cell; a primary key-secondary key system including a tertiary key receptacle within the safety work cell; an optional light barrier surrounding each safety work cell;A control system programmed to ensure that the dangerous automated machinery can only be operated when all controlled access points are closed, all secondary keys are inserted into either a secondary key receptacle or a tertiary key receptacle, and each light barrier has not been triggered by a break in the light barrier. The secondary keys are carried by personnel.

[0007] DE 10 2009 023 707 A1 discloses a safety device for monitoring a monitored area in which, for example, a system is active that may pose a danger to people. Monitoring means are provided that switch the system off as soon as a person enters the monitored area. A counting device is provided that records the number of people entering and leaving the monitored area exclusively at one boundary of the monitored area. Furthermore, control means are provided that are connected to the counting device and only allow the system in the monitored area to be switched on again when the number of people leaving the monitored area, as determined by the counting device, is equal to the number of people entering the monitored area.

[0008] DE 10 2021 101 180 A1 discloses a security system and a security system for locating at least one mobile object, comprising at least one control and evaluation unit, comprising at least one radio location system, wherein the radio location system has at least three arranged radio stations, wherein at least one radio transponder is arranged on the object, wherein position data of the radio transponder and thus position data of the object can be determined by means of the radio location system, wherein the position data can be transmitted from the radio station of the radio location system to the control and evaluation unit, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to cyclically record the position data of the radio transponder, wherein a first checking unit is provided, wherein the first checking unit is connected to the control and evaluation unit, wherein the control and evaluation unit is checked by the first checking unit.

[0009] DE 20 2020 107 300 U1 discloses a security system for locating at least one person or at least one object in a surveillance area, comprising at least one control and evaluation unit, at least one radio location system, and at least one spatially resolving sensor for determining the position of the person or object, wherein the radio location system has arranged radio stations, wherein at least one radio transponder is arranged on the person or object, wherein position data of the person or object can be determined by means of the radio location system, wherein the position data can be transmitted from the radio stations of the radio location system to the control and evaluation unit, and at least presence data of the person or object can be determined by means of the spatially resolving sensor, wherein the surveillance area has several sectors and several passage areas between the sectors,At least one spatially resolving sensor is assigned to each passage area, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to cyclically compare the position data of the radio location system and the presence data of the spatially resolving sensor in each passage area and to cyclically generate status information for the sector.

[0010] An object of the invention is to provide improved control of objects at an access area.

[0011] The object is achieved according to claim 1 by a security system with an electronic access control system for a security area for objects, with at least one radio transponder and at least one radio station for detecting the radio transponder and at least one control and evaluation unit which is connected to the radio station for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area with an access station, wherein the security area is only accessible via the access area, so that the access area can be passed by the object before reaching the security area and after leaving the security area, wherein the access station is actuated when an object passes the access area, wherein permissible objects have the radio transponder, wherein the radio transponder has an identification, whereby the object is identifiable,wherein the permitted objects can pass through the access area with the radio transponder, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to read and check the radio transponder when the object enters the security area in a first area in the direction of movement in front of the access area by the radio station, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to read and check the radio transponder again in a second area in the direction of movement after the access area, wherein a permitted passage through the access area and a permitted entry into the security area only occurs if the radio transponder has been validly read by the radio station in the first area and in the second area and checked by the control and evaluation unit, wherein permitted objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area,and inadmissible objects are not registered in the security area by the control and evaluation unit.

[0012] The object is further achieved according to claim 21 with a method with a security system with an electronic access control system for a security area for objects, with at least one radio transponder and at least one radio station for detecting the radio transponder and at least one control and evaluation unit which is connected to the radio station for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area with an access station, wherein the security area is only accessible via the access area, so that the access area can be passed by the object before reaching the security area and after leaving the security area, wherein the access station is actuated when an object passes the access area, wherein the permissible objects have the radio transponder, wherein the radio transponder has an identification, whereby the object is identifiable,wherein the permitted objects can pass through the access area using the radio transponder, wherein the radio transponder is read by the radio station and checked by the control and evaluation unit when the object enters the security area in a first area in the direction of movement before the access area, wherein the radio transponder is read again by the radio station and checked by the control and evaluation unit in a second area in the direction of movement after the access area, wherein a permitted passage through the access area and a permitted entry into the security area only occur if the radio transponder has been validly read by the radio station in the first area and in the second area and checked by the control and evaluation unit, wherein permitted objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area, and prohibited objects are not registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area.

[0013] The first area before the access area is located in front of the access area in the direction of access. The second area after the access area is located after the access area in the direction of access. The first area and the second area are therefore on different sides of the access area.

[0014] The object can be, for example, a person or an autonomous vehicle.

[0015] The access area has an access station.

[0016] Access to a secure area may be restricted for various reasons. For example, security in the secure area is ensured by the higher-level security system.

[0017] An organizational measure (e.g. information sign) does not guarantee 100% access control, therefore additional access control is necessary.

[0018] Objects without a radio transponder or with a radio transponder that is not functioning properly, for example, because the radio transponder's battery is empty, should not be allowed access to the safety area, or the safety system must implement a safety measure via the control and evaluation unit. The safety measures can be implemented for the entire safety area or gradually for parts of the safety area. The safety measures can be implemented depending on the distance of the entry point to a particular machine.

[0019] For example, in this case, the danger points of the machines in the safety area can be secured by local safety measures, for example by safety sensors such as safety laser scanners, safety light grids, safety door switches, safety mats or fences, etc., or the protective fields of the safety sensors can be enlarged.

[0020] For example, main entrances are equipped with access stations. In addition, there may also be secondary entrances with access stations, such as emergency exits.

[0021] If there are additional access areas or entrances, these must also be monitored. As soon as an object has passed through an access area, for example, the control and evaluation unit can initiate safety measures. For example, starting from the location of the access area, all dangerous machines in the safety area are gradually shut down or protected by local safety sensors.

[0022] For example, an organizational measure ensures that all objects or persons entering the security area through the access area carry a functioning radio transponder. This organizational measure achieves at least a low security level.

[0023] An object or person with a radio transponder can only enter or exit the security area within the access areas, i.e., the main or secondary entrances. The remaining areas between the access areas are secured or blocked by a barrier, such as a fence.

[0024] The barrier, or physical barrier, can be, for example, a wall, a fence, a ledge and / or a ditch.

[0025] The object or person only becomes relevant for the security area once the control and evaluation unit has detected the object with the radio transponder in the first area and then in the second area, and the object or person has been registered in the security area. The control and evaluation unit then assigns the object to the security area or determines that the object is now located in the security area. If the object has not been registered and is located in the security area without authorization, at least one warning message is issued. Furthermore, a safety measure can be provided, for example, to slow down dangerous machinery or to stop it even further. Furthermore, it can be provided that autonomous vehicles are slowed down to a safe speed or to stop it even further.

[0026] Therefore, a sequence from the first area to the second area must occur in the correct order. For example, a time limit for registration can be specified. Furthermore, the access station must also have been activated. If, for example, the access station is activated when passing through the property, but no detection occurs in the first or second area due to a missing transponder, this constitutes an incorrect passage through the access area, and at least one warning message is issued.

[0027] At all other locations, outside the access areas and outside the security perimeter, the object can approach the barrier as close as desired without affecting the machines and autonomous vehicles in the security perimeter. This increases the plant's productivity.

[0028] For example, the access areas can always be open, so that the access areas or passageways can be designed without doors. This creates a barrier-free and easy access area through which objects can quickly pass through the access area. This can increase productivity.

[0029] For example, a scale can be located in the access area that can measure when an object or person moves through the access area.

[0030] A person without a functioning radio transponder is not permitted to cross the access area. A person without a radio transponder is also not permitted to cross the access area together with a person wearing a valid radio transponder.

[0031] If the object has not been registered and is in the security area without authorization, at least one warning message will be displayed.

[0032] Prohibited cases can be mitigated by the following measures, for example. For example, an organizational measure can be provided, such as a sign or instruction stating that only persons with a functioning radio transponder are allowed to enter the security area, and that these persons are not allowed to take anyone with them who does not have a radio transponder. For example, measures can be taken to ensure and permit that a person traveling on a vehicle equipped with a radio transponder is permitted to move through the access area.

[0033] In the event of a defect or failure of the access control system, an authorized person can also manually register or deregister objects to ensure the availability of the security system.

[0034] In a further development of the invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to read and check the radio transponder when the object leaves the security area in the second area in the direction of movement before the access area from the radio station, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to read and check the radio transponder again in a first area in the direction of movement after the access area, wherein a permissible passing through the access area and leaving the security area only occurs if the radio transponder in the second area and in the first area has been validly read by the radio station and checked by the control and evaluation unit, wherein permissible objects are logged out of the security area by the control and evaluation unit and impermissible objects are not logged out of the security area by the control and evaluation unit.

[0035] This ensures that the property has been properly left from the security area and that the property is properly deregistered or the previous registration is canceled.

[0036] If the object has not been properly deregistered or the object has not been carrying a valid radio transponder, at least one warning message will be issued.

[0037] In a further development of the invention, the security system for locating and identifying the object is designed with the control and evaluation unit, with at least one radio location system, wherein the radio location system has the arranged radio stations, wherein position data of the radio transponder and thus of the object can be determined by means of the radio location system, wherein the position data can be transmitted from the radio station of the radio location system to the control and evaluation unit, wherein the control and evaluation unit is designed to evaluate the position data of the radio transponder.

[0038] A functioning radio transponder is one that can successfully exchange data with a sufficiently large number of radio stations within the security area at specified time intervals. In other words, a radio transponder whose position can be detected by a radio positioning system consisting of the radio stations, the radio transponders, and the control and evaluation unit. The radio stations are arranged stationary.

[0039] For example, as a safety measure, safety outputs on the radio transponder are deactivated, thereby stopping an autonomous vehicle. If, for example, a robot arm is still mounted on the vehicle, this may also be stopped. In this case, the autonomous vehicle can also be protected by local safety sensors. If necessary, the safety sensors' protective field is switched if the radio transponder no longer functions properly.

[0040] Because the object with the radio transponder can only enter the security zone in defined access or passage areas, the object with the radio transponder can never enter the security zone without authorization or unnoticed. However, if measurement signals from a radio transponder are detected at positions within the security zone without the radio transponder having passed through an access area, the security system initiates a safety measure via the control and evaluation unit. In the simplest case, a safety measure can be a warning message. Furthermore, a safety measure can also be provided so that, for example, dangerous machinery is slowed down or stopped even further. Furthermore, it can be provided that autonomous vehicles are slowed down to a safe speed or stopped even further.

[0041] For example, the security system is installed in a factory hall. The radio stations can be mounted on the ceiling of the hall, for example. However, the radio stations can also be installed at fixed locations within the hall.

[0042] In a regular operating state of the security system, the safety of people is ensured based on the detected positions of the radio transponders in the room.

[0043] The safety system continuously calculates the distance between people and moving and stationary objects within the safety zone. As soon as a certain distance is undercut or a risk indicator between two participants is exceeded, the safety system takes measures to reduce the hazard. As long as specifications regarding permissible distances or risk indicators are met, the control and evaluation unit does not intervene in the automated processes. This allows a productive system within the safety zone to operate at the highest level of productivity.

[0044] If it can be ensured with sufficient certainty that all persons and objects within the security area are wearing a functioning radio transponder, and that this transponder is located cyclically or continuously with sufficient accuracy, local safety sensors can be deactivated or placed in standby mode. This also improves productivity. For example, autonomous loading vehicles, such as autonomous forklifts, can load and unload fully automatically without being restricted by their local safety sensors.

[0045] In a further development of the invention, the access station of the access area is lockable and can only be passed by authorized objects. The access station thus has a locking unit.

[0046] The locking unit has at least one locking element for locking or unlocking the access station. The locking unit can, for example, have magnetic and / or mechanical locking elements that exert a retaining or closing force.

[0047] Furthermore, the locking unit can have a locking unit with which the access station can be closed and opened. For example, the locking unit has a handle.

[0048] In a further development of the invention, the access station has a door. The door allows the access station or access area to be locked and opened. The door has a door switch, which allows the control and evaluation unit to determine whether the door is closed or open.

[0049] The door can be a swing door, a sliding door, a roller door, a lock or a similar door.

[0050] For example, a radio station detects or locates a radio transponder in the first area in front of the door. The door switch detects that the door has been opened and sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit.

[0051] A radio station then detects or locates the radio transponder in the second area after the door. The control and evaluation unit then records the passage of the object or person through the door.

[0052] If both sets of data are present within a certain time window—namely, that the door was opened and the permitted radio transponder was detected in the second area after the first area—then access is classified as permitted. In this case, the radio transponder is assigned to the control and evaluation unit, and thus the person or autonomous vehicle on which the radio transponder is located is assigned to the security area.

[0053] The door switch then detects that the door has been closed again and sends a door closing signal to the control and evaluation unit. The control and evaluation unit can use the door closing signal to determine whether the process is permitted.

[0054] The safety system or the control and evaluation unit could take a safety measure or issue a warning to the person or user in the following cases.

[0055] The door switch sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit, indicating that the door has been opened, but after a maximum time has elapsed, no door closing signal is sent. This means that the door remains permanently open. A timer or counter in the control and evaluation unit may be stopped if a radio transponder is in the door's range.

[0056] The door switch sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit that the door was opened without a functioning radio transponder being in the first area in front of the door and in the second area behind the door at the same time.

[0057] In a further development of the invention, the access station has a door with a door lock. The door lock can be opened and closed using the radio transponder.

[0058] The door can be a swing door, a sliding door, a roller shutter, a lock, or something similar. A sliding door often has a movable sliding door section on the right and left. A lock can have two doors with a space between the doors.

[0059] The radio tracking system locates a functioning radio transponder in the first area in front of the door. The control and evaluation unit releases the door switch by sending an opening signal to the door lock to open it.

[0060] The security system, via the control and evaluation unit and the radio station, detects that a walkthrough has occurred when the radio transponder is detected in the second area after the door, which may already be within the security area. If the radio transponder moves from the first area in front of the door to the second area behind the door, the move is classified as permitted and permissible.

[0061] In a further development of the invention, the access station has a mechanical turnstile or revolving door. The turnstile can be used to lock and unlock the access station or access area. The turnstile has a door switch, which allows the control and evaluation unit to determine whether the door is closed or open.

[0062] In a further development of the invention, the access station has a mechanical turnstile with turnstile locking.

[0063] If turnstiles are used, other safety measures may be required to prevent climbing over or crawling under them. For example, fences, safety light grids, or safety light barriers.

[0064] For turnstiles, releasing the door lock corresponds to releasing the rotation by one section.

[0065] In a further development of the invention, the access station has a spatially resolving sensor. The spatially resolving sensor has a detection area or a protective field for detecting objects, such as people.

[0066] The sensor can be, for example, a radar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optoelectronic sensor or similar sensors.

[0067] The access station preferably has a spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor. The optoelectronic sensor has a detection area or protective field for detecting objects, such as people.

[0068] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor can determine whether a person without a radio transponder wants to pass through the access area.

[0069] Access areas or passage areas that are secured with a spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor, for example a light grid or laser scanner, allow a virtually unhindered flow of people and materials and at the same time it can be guaranteed that the security system has access to information as to whether or not there are people without a radio transponder in the second area behind the light grid.

[0070] Optionally, an organizational measure can be taken to prevent a person without a radio transponder from walking through the protective field of the optoelectronic sensor at the same time as a person with a radio transponder.

[0071] The optoelectronic sensor can be a light grid, a laser scanner, a solid state laser scanner, a camera, a 3D camera, a camera-based people counting system or a similar sensor.

[0072] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor can replace a door.

[0073] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor sends an object detection signal to the control and evaluation unit when an object or person has passed through the access area. The process is similar to that of a door with a door switch and without a door lock. The signal from the spatially resolving sensor replaces the signal from the door switch.

[0074] The control and evaluation unit does not trigger a safety function if a person with a functioning radio transponder walks through the protective field of the position-resolving sensor. This means that the radio transponder is located by the safety system or radio stations in the second area beyond the line defined in the protective field by the position-resolving sensor. However, if a person without a radio transponder walks through the protective field of the position-resolving sensor, the control and evaluation unit increases the person counter for the safety area by one unit. In the simplest case, the safety system then initiates a safety measure.

[0075] Optionally, the object size and position within the protective field can be monitored. If, for example, the object is too large, too small, or passes through the wrong place, the spatially resolving sensor reports this "error" to the control and evaluation unit, which then initiates a safety measure. Information about the object size, etc., can either be transmitted from the control and evaluation unit to the spatially resolving sensor or from another radio station.

[0076] Instead of a safety light grid, other spatially resolving sensors can also be used. For example, multi-beam light grids, safety laser scanners, solid-state laser scanners, camera-based people counting systems, 3D cameras, or infrared cameras. These sensors can detect individual people.

[0077] For example, no additional safety protection of the hazardous area is necessary if an autonomous vehicle remains stationary in the access area and secures the hazardous area in the safety zone behind the door or gate, provided the autonomous vehicle is so wide that no human can pass past it through the protective field of the light curtain. Only hazardous areas on the autonomous vehicle itself need to be secured. This allows an open and wide access area to be easily traversed by an autonomous vehicle.

[0078] In a further development of the invention, the spatially resolving sensor is bypassed when the control and evaluation unit reads permissible object information from the radio transponder.

[0079] This allows permissible objects to be detected based on their contours, and if the contours are acceptable, they can pass through the access area. This function is also known as masking or muting.

[0080] In a further development of the invention, the optoelectronic spatially resolving sensor is designed to detect an object contour and the control and evaluation unit is designed to compare the detected object contour with a stored object contour assigned to the object and, if there is a match, to classify the object as a permissible object.

[0081] For example, the protective field of the local position-resolving sensor or safety sensor is adjusted when a functioning radio transponder approaches the access area. The control and evaluation unit bypasses the position-resolving sensor while the object with the radio transponder passes through the access area.

[0082] If a person enters the second area behind the spatially resolving sensor, the spatially resolving sensor or the control and evaluation unit triggers a security measure for that area. The radio stations locate the person using the radio transponder on the person. For example, it might be possible to allow any number of autonomous vehicles to enter and exit simultaneously without any security measures being taken.

[0083] Optionally, instead of completely blanking the spatially resolving sensor (complete muting), part of the protective field can remain active. This means that the protective field is partially or partly blanked (partial or partial muting window). For example, to blank out the contour of the respective object. The contour can be stored in the local spatially resolving sensor (e.g. safety light grid / laser scanner, etc.), retrieved from a database by it, or provided via the control and evaluation unit. The protective field can be switched, for example, by switching the operating mode on the light grid or switching the protective field on the safety laser scanner / solid state scanner. Partial blanking can prevent people without a radio transponder from entering the safety area.

[0084] In a further development of the invention, a display unit is arranged at the access area.

[0085] For example, the display unit is formed by a traffic light. The light indicates to the person that they are permitted to enter the security area if the assigned radio transponder is functioning properly and any optional tests have been successfully completed.

[0086] The traffic light can be a screen on which text is displayed using color markers, among other things. Alternatively, the traffic light can be a simple indicator lamp.

[0087] The traffic light visually represents the different states.

[0088] In a further development of the invention, at least two radio transponders are arranged on the object. Two radio transponders form a redundant system. Even if one radio transponder fails, the object can be effectively detected by the second radio transponder.

[0089] In a further development of the invention, the radio transponder has mechanical and / or electronic and / or electromagnetic locking means and is arranged locked to the object.

[0090] The functioning of the radio transponder on people and objects is continuously monitored. One or more of the following conditions can be checked in the access area by the control and evaluation unit.

[0091] For example, it checks cyclically whether the radio transponder is still functioning properly. For example, it checks whether a radio connection to a sufficiently large number of radio stations is established.

[0092] Furthermore, the battery charge status can be checked. For example, whether the battery of the radio transponder still has enough power to ensure proper operation for at least a preset period of time.

[0093] It can also be checked whether the object or person is wearing the radio transponder correctly. In autonomous vehicles, it is checked whether the radio transponder is still attached where it should be.

[0094] For example, an error is reported if the person only holds the radio transponder in their hand and has not properly attached it to their body or a piece of clothing.

[0095] For example, a check is carried out to determine whether there is a radio connection to a sufficiently large number of radio stations.

[0096] For example, the radio transponder has sensors for detecting a person's vital signals. Vital signals include, for example, a pulse rate, body temperature, or other vital signs.

[0097] For example, vital signals are checked or whether a mechanical closer, an electromechanical closer or an electromagnetic closer is properly locked.

[0098] If the radio transponder is working properly and communicating properly with the radio stations, but is not worn correctly by the person, then the person will receive a warning or the door will not open.

[0099] It can also be checked whether the person is authorized to enter the security area. For example, it can be checked whether the person has the appropriate qualifications.

[0100] In the case of autonomous vehicles, for example, it is checked whether the autonomous vehicle is authorized to enter the area due to its load (e.g. hazardous goods, overhanging load, permissible trailer or similar).

[0101] If the security system requires the person or mobile vehicle to carry multiple radio transponders, then multiple radio transponders will be checked.

[0102] In a further development of the invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to read and check the radio transponder again in a third area after the access area, wherein a permissible passage through the access area only occurs if the radio transponder has been validly read by the radio station in the first area, in the second area and in the third area and has been checked by the control and evaluation unit.

[0103] For example, a lock with two doors and a space between the doors is designed for one person. The third area between the doors is designed for a door switch, for example.

[0104] The door switch of the first door or the second door is activated and sends a door activation signal to the control and evaluation unit.

[0105] For example, only one of the two doors is opened at a time, while the second door remains closed. This prevents direct passage through the access area and requires a stop in the third area between the doors.

[0106] The person is located at least in the first area or the second area.

[0107] If all the necessary data is available in the control and evaluation unit within a certain time frame—namely, that both doors were opened consecutively and the radio transponder has switched zones one after the other—then the switch is classified as permitted and permissible. The assignment of the radio transponder to the respective zone in the security system is changed by the control and evaluation unit.

[0108] The door switch detects that the door has been closed and sends a signal to the control and evaluation unit.

[0109] In a further development of the invention, the radio location system is an ultra-wideband radio location system, wherein the frequency used is in the range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, wherein the transmission energy per radio station is a maximum of 0.5 mW.

[0110] An absolute bandwidth of an ultra-wideband radiolocation system is at least 500 MHz or a relative bandwidth is at least 20% of the central frequency.

[0111] The range of such a radio location system is, for example, 0 to 50 m. The short duration of the radio pulses is used for location.

[0112] The radio location system therefore only transmits radio waves with low energy.

[0113] In a further development of the invention, a hazardous movement of a machine in at least one danger area or danger zone within the safety area is converted to a safe state when the object approaches the danger area or is located in the danger area. This allows the remaining parts of the system to continue to operate productively.

[0114] In a further development of the invention, at least that part of a system in whose area the object is detected is in a safe state. This allows the remaining parts of the system to continue to operate productively.

[0115] In a further development of the invention, the access area is arranged with at least one access station for a system, wherein the system has at least one safety area and at least one danger area within the safety area.

[0116] In a further development of the invention, an NFC radio interface or a Bluetooth radio interface is additionally provided on the access station for identifying objects.

[0117] Only if permissible objects are detected via the additional NFC radio interface or a Bluetooth radio interface on the access station are they registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area.

[0118] For example, the NFC radio interface or the Bluetooth radio interface can be used to read people's work ID cards or NFC transponders or Bluetooth transponders attached to objects.

[0119] In a further development of the invention, a barcode reader or a pixel code reader is additionally provided at the access station for identifying objects.

[0120] Only if permissible objects are detected by the additional barcode reader or pixel code reader at the access station are they registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area.

[0121] For example, the barcode reader or pixel code reader can read people's work ID cards or code labels attached to objects.

[0122] For example, facial recognition or a fingerprint sensor can also be provided to enable additional identification of people.

[0123] The invention will be explained below with reference to further advantages and features, using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures of the drawing show: Fig. 1 to Fig. 10 each have a security system.

[0124] In the following figures, identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals.

[0125] Fig. 1 shows a security system 1 with an electronic access control system 2 for a security area 3 for objects 4, with at least one radio transponder 5 and at least one radio station 6 for detecting the radio transponder 5 and at least one control and evaluation unit 7, which is connected to the radio station 6 for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area 8 with an access station, wherein the security area 3 is only accessible via the access area 8, so that the access area 8 can be passed by the object 4 before reaching the security area 3 and after leaving the security area 3, wherein the access station is actuated when the object passes through the access area, wherein permissible objects have the radio transponder 5, wherein the radio transponder 5 has an identification, whereby the object 4 is identifiable,wherein the permitted objects 4 can pass through the access area 8 with the radio transponder 5, wherein the control and evaluation unit 7 is designed to read and check the radio transponder 5 by the radio station 6 when the object enters the security area 3 in a first area 9 in the direction of movement in front of the access area 8, wherein the control and evaluation unit 7 is designed to read and check the radio transponder 5 again in a second area 10 in the direction of movement after the access area 8, wherein a permitted passage through the access area 8 and a permitted entry into the security area 3 only occurs if the radio transponder 5 has been validly read by the radio station 6 in the first area 9 and in the second area 10 and checked by the control and evaluation unit 7, wherein permitted objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area,and inadmissible objects are not registered in the security area by the control and evaluation unit.

[0126] The object 4 can be, for example, a person 12 or, for example, an autonomous vehicle 13. For example, according to Fig. 2 the access area 8 has an access station 11.

[0127] Persons 12 without a radio transponder or with a radio transponder 5 that is not functioning properly, for example, because a battery of the radio transponder 5 is empty, should not be granted access to the safety area 3, or the safety system 1 must implement a safety measure via the control and evaluation unit 7. The safety measures can be implemented for the entire safety area 3 or gradually for parts of the safety area 3. The safety measures can be implemented depending on the distance of entry to a particular machine.

[0128] For example, the danger points of the machines 20 in the safety area 3 can be secured by local safety measures, for example by safety sensors such as safety laser scanners, safety light grids, safety door switches, safety mats or fences, etc., or the protective fields of the safety sensors can be enlarged.

[0129] If there are additional access areas 8 or additional entrances, these must also be monitored. As soon as an access area 8 has been crossed, for example, by a person 12, safety measures can be taken by the control and evaluation unit 7. For example, starting from the location of the access area 8, all dangerous machines 20 are gradually shut down or protected by local safety sensors.

[0130] An object 4 or a person 12 with a radio transponder 5 can only enter or leave the security area 3 within the access areas 8, i.e., from the main or secondary entrances. The remaining areas between the access areas are secured or blocked by a barrier, for example, a fence.

[0131] The object 4 or the person 12 only becomes relevant for the security area 3 when the control and evaluation unit 7 has detected the object 4 with the radio transponder 5 in the first area 9 and subsequently in the second area 10. The control and evaluation unit 7 then assigns the object 4 to the security area 3 or determines that the object 4 is now located in the security area 3.

[0132] The access areas 8 can, for example, always be open, so that the access areas or passage areas can, for example, be designed without doors.

[0133] It is not permitted for a person 12 to attempt to cross the access area 8 without a functioning radio transponder 5. A person 12 without a radio transponder 5 may also not cross the access area 8 together with a person 12 who is wearing a valid radio transponder 5.

[0134] Examples of applications include all security areas 3 where it must be traceable when, where, and for how long. Examples of this include safety applications in the sense of functional safety, but also security applications.

[0135] For example, security area monitoring can also be carried out regarding Covid-19 monitoring.

[0136] For example, sensitive areas contaminated with chemicals, for example after an accident or the release of potentially dangerous substances in a security area, can also be an application case.

[0137] Theft monitoring can also be a possible application. Using radio transponders 5, it is possible to track which persons 12 were present in a security area 3 during a certain period of time. If something is missing, lost, or stolen in the security area 3 during the same period, it is possible to track who could be the thief, namely the persons 12 who were present in the security area 3 during the period in question. If necessary, specific objects can also be equipped with radio transponders 5. The trajectories of the radio transponders 5 of the persons 12 can then be correlated with the objects 4 to further narrow down the number of possible thieves.

[0138] Another application is the inspection of a cleanroom. Here, for example, it can be determined why a cleanroom class is not being met. For this purpose, the results of the particle measurement, which determines the current cleanroom class, can be correlated with the number of people present (12). If no person (12) or fewer than usual are present and the set cleanroom class is not being met, an error has occurred. For example, a faulty air filtration system can be reported early.

[0139] For example, the security system 1 is Fig. 3 designed for locating and identifying the object 4, with the control and evaluation unit 7, with at least one radio location system, wherein the radio location system has the arranged radio stations 6, wherein position data of the radio transponder 5 and thus of the object 4 can be determined by means of the radio location system, wherein the position data can be transmitted from the radio station 6 of the radio location system to the control and evaluation unit 7, wherein the control and evaluation unit 7 is designed to evaluate the position data of the radio transponder 5.

[0140] For example, the security system 1 is installed in a factory hall. The radio stations 6 can be arranged, for example, on the ceiling of the factory hall. However, the radio stations 6 can also be installed at fixed positions within the factory hall, elevated in the room.

[0141] In a regular operating state of the security system 1, the safety of persons 12 is ensured based on the detected positions of the radio transponders 5 in the room.

[0142] The safety system 1 continuously calculates the distance between the people 12 and the moving objects 4 and the stationary dangerous machines 20 within the safety area 1. As soon as a certain distance is undershot or a risk indicator between two participants is exceeded, the safety system 1 takes measures to reduce the hazard. As long as specifications regarding permissible distances or risk indicators are met, the control and evaluation unit 7 does not intervene in the automated processes. This allows a productive system in the safety area 1 to operate at the highest level of productivity.

[0143] If it can be ensured with sufficient certainty that all persons 12 and objects 4 in the security area 1 are wearing a functioning radio transponder 5, and that this transponder is also located sufficiently accurately on a cyclical basis, local safety sensors can, for example, be deactivated or placed in standby mode. This also improves productivity. For example, autonomous loading vehicles, such as autonomous forklifts, can load and unload fully automatically without being restricted by their local safety sensors.

[0144] For example, there may be defined areas with poor or no radio coverage within security area 1. There may also be zones within security area 1 where the radio connection between radio transponders and a sufficient number of radio stations is not guaranteed in some areas. This means, for example, that sufficiently good radio tracking coverage is only available shortly beyond access area 8.

[0145] If a radio transponder 5 can no longer be sufficiently located within a zone in security area 3 due to known shadowing (e.g., within a metal container / truck / locally limited area), the protection area of ​​the radio transponder 5 is expanded to a locally limited area or zone using local security sensors. The protection area is then delimited by physical barriers. At locations without barriers, the protection area ends where it is ensured that the radio transponder 5 can again be sufficiently located.

[0146] This means that the control and evaluation unit 7 does not calculate any distances in this area, as location cannot be guaranteed. Instead, it simply counts the number of persons 12 who are in the safety area 1. If only one machine 20 with a radio transponder 5 is within this area, it can operate completely normally. Multiple machines 20 can also operate completely normally as long as other measures, such as arranged local safety sensors or sufficient space between stationary machines 20, ensure that they do not destroy each other. As soon as a person 12 enters the safety area 3, the safety system 1 with the control and evaluation unit 7 takes a safety measure, e.g., activating the locally arranged safety sensors or deactivating the dangerous movement of the machine 20.

[0147] If necessary, a tracking-free zone in security area 3 is divided into several sub-zones that are only connected by areas where radio transponders 5 can be sufficiently well located. In this case, the security measure only needs to be taken in the respective sub-zone in which at least one radio transponder 5 is currently located.

[0148] As an alternative to expanding the protection area, the local safety sensors of all mobile autonomous vehicles 13 and stationary machines 20 in this shaded area can also be activated by the safety system 1 as soon as at least one person 12 enters the safety area 3.

[0149] Another possibility is that another safety measure is taken in the safety area 3, e.g. activating a setup mode or switching off machines 20.

[0150] Limited areas or zones within security area 3 are examples of areas where radio tracking cannot be ensured. For example, in practice, several levels of pallets are stored on top of each other, or the aisles between shelves are very narrow. The goods on the pallets and sometimes even the shelves themselves can interfere with the radio signals, so that good radio signal coverage cannot be achieved in these areas with radio stations 6, which are mounted, for example, on the ceiling of a factory hall. Other examples include tanks and metallic structures such as containers or the interior of trucks.

[0151] Within limited areas or zones without radio coverage within the security area 3, an optional monitoring time measuring unit of a radio transponder 5 can be switched off. Such a monitoring time measuring unit therefore does not need to be regularly reset by the control and evaluation unit 7. Alternatively, a sufficiently long reset time can be stored in the monitoring time measuring unit to ensure that a radio transponder 5 of a mobile vehicle has left the limited areas within the security area 3 before the time of the monitoring time measuring unit has elapsed. As soon as the radio transponder 5 is back at the edge of the limited areas without radio coverage, where the radio transponder 5 can again be sufficiently well detected, the control and evaluation unit 7 allows the radio transponder 5 to leave the limited areas again.

[0152] For example, according to Fig. 2, the access station 11 of the access area 8 is lockable and can only be passed by authorized objects 4. The access station 11 thus has a locking unit.

[0153] The locking unit has at least one locking element for locking or unlocking the access station. The locking unit can, for example, have magnetic and / or mechanical locking elements that exert a retaining or closing force.

[0154] Furthermore, the locking unit can comprise a locking unit with which the access station 11 can be closed and opened. For example, the locking unit comprises a handle.

[0155] For example, according to Fig. 4, the access station 11 has a door 14. The access station or access area can be locked and opened through the door 14. The door 14 has a door switch, which allows the control and evaluation unit 7 to determine whether the door 14 is closed or open.

[0156] The door 14 may be a swing door, a sliding door, a rolling door, a lock or a similar door 14.

[0157] For example, a radio station 6 detects or locates a radio transponder 5 in the first area 9 in front of the door 14. The door switch measures that the door 14 has been opened and sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0158] Furthermore, the radio station 6 detects or locates the radio transponder 5 in the second area 10 after the door 14. The control and evaluation unit 7 thus detects the passage of the object 4 or the person 12 through the door 14.

[0159] If both sets of data are present within a certain time window—namely, that the door 14 was opened and the permitted radio transponder 5 was detected after the first area 9 in the second area 10—then access is classified as permitted. In this case, the radio transponder 5 is assigned in the control and evaluation unit 7, and thus the person 12 or the autonomous vehicle 13 on which the radio transponder 5 is located is assigned to security area 3.

[0160] The door switch then measures that the door 14 has been closed again and sends a door closing signal to the control and evaluation unit 7. The door closing signal can be taken into account by the control and evaluation unit 7 for a permitted sequence.

[0161] The safety system 1 or the control and evaluation unit 7 could take a safety measure or issue a warning to the person 12 or the user in the following cases.

[0162] The door switch sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit 7 indicating that the door 14 has been opened, but after a maximum time has elapsed, it does not send a door closing signal indicating that the door 14 has been closed again. This means that the door 14 is permanently open. If necessary, a timer or counter of the control and evaluation unit 7 is stopped when a radio transponder 5 is in the area of ​​the door 14.

[0163] The door switch sends a door opening signal to the control and evaluation unit 7 that the door 14 has been opened without a functioning radio transponder 5 being in the first area 9 in front of the door and in the second area 10 behind the door during the same period.

[0164] For example, access station 11 has a door 14 with a door lock. The door lock can be opened and closed using the radio transponder 5.

[0165] Door 14 can be a swing door, a sliding door, a rolling door, a lock, or similar. A sliding door often has a right and left movable sliding door section. A lock can have two doors with a space between the doors.

[0166] The radio location system locates a functioning radio transponder 5 in the first area 9 in front of the door 14. The control and evaluation unit 7 releases the door switch by sending an opening signal to the door lock in order to open it.

[0167] The security system 1 detects, via the control and evaluation unit 7 and the radio station 6, that a walkthrough has occurred when the radio transponder 5 is detected in the second area 10 after the door 14, which may already be located in the security area 3. If the radio transponder 5 moves from the first area 9 in front of the door 14 to the second area 10 behind the door 14, the move is classified as permitted and permissible.

[0168] Optionally, a door switch detects that the door 14 has been opened and closed again a predefined time period thereafter. If both data are present within a specific or predefined time window—namely, that the door 14 has been opened and the radio transponder 5 has moved from the first area 9 to the second area 10—then the move is classified as permitted or permissible. In this case, the radio transponder 5 and the object 4, for example, the person 12 or the autonomous vehicle 13, are assigned to security area 3.

[0169] Optionally, the control and evaluation unit 7 sends a signal to the door lock of the door 14 indicating that the door lock should be closed again. The control and evaluation unit 7 sends the signal after the radio station 6 has located the radio transponder 5 in the second area 10 and / or after a specific or predetermined period of time has elapsed. The time can, for example, be permanently stored in the security system 1 or can be parameterized or configured by the customer in the security system 1, or it can be dependent on another process parameter. If necessary, the timer or counter is stopped when a radio transponder 5 is in the area of ​​the door 14.

[0170] Optionally, compulsory passage can also be checked. It is therefore assumed that passage through access area 8 must take place. It must therefore also be ensured that object 4, i.e. person 12 or the autonomous vehicle 13, also goes through door 14 when the associated radio transponder 5 unlocks door 14. For this, it must be measured that door 14 has also been operated. This can be done, for example, via a door switch. If the door switch reports that door 14 has been opened, then radio transponder 5 must also switch from the first area 9 to the second area 10. This prevents a radio transponder 5 from a first person 12 from unlocking door 14 but a second person 12 from passing through door 14, for example without radio transponder 5 or without access authorization. If person 12 does not go through door 14, security system 1 issues a warning to person 12 and / or takes a security action.

[0171] Optionally, there can also be no forced passage. Person 12 can go through door 14, but is not required to. This means that person 12 with the radio transponder 5 does not have to change areas, even if a door lock has been opened. If person 12 does not have to go through door 14, security system 1 is simpler. For example, if person 12 mistakenly enters access area 8, person 12 can simply turn around. This makes security system 1 more convenient and easier to access.

[0172] In the case of airlocks, releasing the door lock corresponds to opening the first and second doors 14 once, waiting briefly and then closing them again.

[0173] In the case of roller doors, the door switch monitors the height of the roller door, in the simplest case the upper or lower stop of the roller door.

[0174] A scale that measures when a person 12 or object 4 moves through the access area corresponds to a door 14 with a door switch without a door lock.

[0175] Doors 14 equipped with a motor for opening and closing can also be operated by the radio transponder 5. The process is the same as for a passage area with a door lock, if the opening of the door 14 is initiated by the radio transponder 5. If the opening of the door 14 is initiated by another sensor, e.g., an additional light barrier, by logging in with a work ID card, by entering a PIN code at an additional terminal, or similar, then the process corresponds to an access area or passage area without a door lock.

[0176] The size of the first area 9 in front of the door 14 and the second area 10 behind the door 14 depends on the nature of the door 14, i.e. its size, shape, etc.

[0177] For example, the size of the first area 9 and the second area 10 can also be parameterized or configured by the user and / or depends on a process parameter and / or on a parameter of the safety system 1, e.g., the accuracy of the location of the radio transponder 5.

[0178] Data is transmitted either directly from the door switch or from the door locking device to the control and evaluation unit 7 via radio or wired connection. Alternatively, the data is first transmitted from the door switch via radio, for example, using the NFC radio standard or Bluetooth radio standard, to the radio transponder 5 on the person 12 or the autonomous vehicle, and from there via radio to the control and evaluation unit 7. For example, an NFC radio interface or a Bluetooth radio interface is already provided on the door 14 for identifying objects 4 or people 12.

[0179] The first area 9 in front of the door 14 and the second area 10 behind the door 14 can either be a specific area, each forming a separately defined area, for example, with any shape, such as a rectangle. However, by definition, the first area 9 and second area 10 can be a single area in front of and behind the door, whereby the first area 9 and the second area 10 can be directly adjacent to one another. If a radio transponder 5 is located in an area, this means that for the radio location system, the probability measure for the measurement and the duration of the radio transponder 5's stay lies in a certain predefined area. For example, very likely for longer than 0.1 seconds in the first area 9 or second area 10.

[0180] A potential disadvantage of a swing door is that the procedure described above does not always ensure that only the person 12 with the functioning radio transponder 5 changes areas while the door 14 is open. In the simplest case, this can be prevented by an organizational measure, i.e., there is an optional additional sign stating that only one person 12 may pass through the door 14 at a time. Alternatively, access areas 8 can be used, which mechanically ensure that only one person 12 can pass through at a time.

[0181] For example, according to Fig. 5, the access station 11 has a mechanical turnstile 15 or revolving door. For example, the access station has a mechanical turnstile 15 with a turnstile locking device.

[0182] If turnstiles 15 are used, other safety measures may be required to prevent climbing over or crawling under them. For example, fences, safety light grids, or safety light barriers.

[0183] For turnstiles 15, the release of the door locking corresponds to the release of rotation by one section.

[0184] For example, according to Fig. 6, the access station 11 has a spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor 16. The optoelectronic sensor 16 has a detection area or a protective field for detecting objects.

[0185] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor 16 can be used to determine whether a person 12 wants to pass through the access area 8 without a radio transponder 5.

[0186] Access areas 8 or passage areas that are secured with a spatially resolving optoelectronic 16 sensor, for example a light grid or laser scanner, allow a virtually unhindered flow of people and material and at the same time it can be ensured that the security system 1 has access to the information as to whether or not there are people 12 without a radio transponder 5 in the second area 10 behind the light grid.

[0187] Optionally, an organizational measure can also be used here to prevent a person 12 without a radio transponder 5 from walking through the protective field of the optoelectronic sensor 16 at the same time as a person 12 with a radio transponder 5.

[0188] The optoelectronic sensor 16 may be a light grid, a laser scanner, a solid state laser scanner, a camera, a 3D camera, a camera-based people counting system or a similar sensor.

[0189] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor 16 can replace a door 14.

[0190] The spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor 16 transmits an object detection signal to the control and evaluation unit 7 when an object 4 or a person 12 has passed through the access area 8. The process corresponds to that of a door 14 with a door switch and without a door lock. The signal from the spatially resolving sensor 16 replaces the signal from the door switch.

[0191] The control and evaluation unit 7 does not trigger a safety function if a person 12 with a functioning radio transponder 5 walks through the protective field of the position-resolving sensor 16. This means that the radio transponder 5 is located in the second area 10 behind the line defined in the protective field by the position-resolving sensor 16 by the safety system 1 or the radio stations 6. However, if a person 12 without a radio transponder 5 walks through the protective field of the position-resolving sensor 16, the control and evaluation unit 7 increases the person counter for the safety area 3 by one unit. In the simplest case, the safety system 1 then takes a safety measure.

[0192] Optionally, the object size and position within the protective field can be monitored. If, for example, object 4 is too large, too small, or passes through the wrong position, the spatially resolving sensor 16 reports this "error" to the control and evaluation unit 7, which then initiates a safety measure. Information about the object size, etc., can either be transmitted from the control and evaluation unit 7 to the spatially resolving sensor 16 or come from another radio station.

[0193] Instead of a safety light grid, other spatially resolving sensors 16 can also be used. For example, multi-beam light grids, safety laser scanners, solid-state laser scanners, camera-based people counting systems, 3D cameras, or infrared cameras. These sensors can detect individual people 12.

[0194] For example, no additional safety protection of the hazardous area is necessary if an autonomous vehicle 13 remains stationary in the access area and secures the hazardous area in safety area 3 behind the door or gate, provided the autonomous vehicle 13 is wide enough that no person 12 can pass past it through the protective field of the light curtain. Only hazardous areas on the autonomous vehicle 13 itself need to be secured. This allows an open and wide access area to be easily passed by an autonomous vehicle 13.

[0195] For example, the optoelectronic spatially resolving sensor 16 is bridged when the control and evaluation unit 7 reads permissible object information from the radio transponder 5.

[0196] This allows permissible objects 4 to be detected based on the object contour, and if the object contour is permissible, the objects 4 can pass through the access area 8. This function is also referred to as masking or muting.

[0197] For example, the optoelectronic spatially resolving sensor 16 is designed to detect an object contour and the control and evaluation unit 7 is designed to compare the detected object contour with a stored object contour assigned to the object 4 and, if there is a match, to classify the object 4 as a permissible object 4.

[0198] The protective field of the local position-resolving sensor 16 or safety sensor is adjusted, for example, when a functioning radio transponder 5 approaches the access area 8. The control and evaluation unit 7 bypasses the position-resolving sensor 16 while the object 4 with the radio transponder 5 passes the access area 8.

[0199] If a person 12 enters the second area 10 behind the spatially resolving sensor 16, the spatially resolving sensor 16 or the control and evaluation unit 7 triggers a security measure for the security area 3. The location is determined by the radio stations 6 using the radio transponder 5 on the person 12. For example, it may be permitted for any number of autonomous vehicles 13 to enter and exit simultaneously without any security measure being taken.

[0200] Optionally, instead of completely blanking the spatially resolving sensor 16 (complete muting), a portion of the protective field can also be actively blanked. This means that the protective field is partially blanked (partial muting). For example, to blank out the contour of the respective object 4. The contour can be stored in the local spatially resolving sensor 16 (e.g., safety light grid / laser scanner, etc.), retrieved from a database by it, or provided via the control and evaluation unit 7. The protective field can be switched, for example, by switching the operating mode on the light grid or switching the protective field on the safety laser scanner / solid-state scanner. Partial blanking can prevent persons 12 without a radio transponder 5 from entering the safety area 3.

[0201] For example, according to Fig. 7 a display unit 17 is arranged in front of or at the access area 8.

[0202] For example, the display unit 17 is formed by a traffic light. The traffic light indicates to the person 12 that they are permitted to enter the security area 3 if the assigned radio transponder 5 is functioning properly and any optional tests have been successfully completed.

[0203] The traffic light can be a screen on which text is displayed using color markers, among other things. Alternatively, the traffic light can be a simple indicator lamp.

[0204] The traffic light visually represents the different states.

[0205] For example, the color red signals that access is not permitted if, for example, radio transponder 5 is not functioning. The color green signals that access is permitted. For this purpose, it was checked, for example, that radio transponder 5 is fully functional. For example, it is also checked whether radio transponder 5 is worn correctly; in this case, this additional criterion would also be met. For example, the color yellow can also indicate that radio transponder 5 is functioning, but its battery needs to be recharged soon, or, for example, that a maximum number of radio transponders 5 in a given sector of security area 3 is almost reached.

[0206] The display unit 17 can also be integrated into the access station 11, the turnstile, the door, etc. The display unit 17 can, for example, display the training level of a person 12 or the battery level of the radio transponder 5.

[0207] For example, only persons 12 with specific access authorizations should be allowed to enter security area 3. The access authorization depends, for example, on the skills of person 12 (skill level). For example, specific access authorizations can also be for security, IP protection, laboratory areas, adhesive areas, explosion-proof areas, laser protection areas, etc. Such areas may only be entered after completing prescribed training. Only persons 12 with the appropriate training level and access authorization are allowed to pass through the access area. Otherwise, access station 11 remains locked. If necessary, person 12 receives a notification on their radio transponder 5 or another mobile device, or, for example, a monitor near access station 11, explaining why access station 11 is not being opened. For example, an access authorization may have expired on a specific date.

[0208] For example, according to Fig. 8, at least two radio transponders 5 are arranged on the object 4. Two radio transponders 5 form a redundant system. Even if one radio transponder 5 fails, the object 4 can be effectively detected by the second radio transponder 5.

[0209] For example, the radio transponder 5 has mechanical locking means and / or electronic locking means and is arranged locked to the object 4.

[0210] The functioning radio transponder 5 on persons 12 and objects 4 is continuously monitored. One or more of the following conditions can be checked in the access area 8 by the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0211] For example, it checks cyclically whether the radio transponder 5 is still functioning properly. For example, it checks whether a radio connection to a sufficiently large number of radio stations 6 is established.

[0212] The battery charge status can also be checked. For example, whether the battery of radio transponder 5 still has enough power to allow it to operate properly for at least a preset period of time.

[0213] Furthermore, it can be checked whether the object 4 or the person 12 is properly wearing the radio transponder 5. In autonomous vehicles 13, it is checked whether the radio transponder 5 is still attached where it should be.

[0214] For example, an error is reported if the person 12 only holds the radio transponder 5 in his hand and has not properly attached it to his body or to a piece of clothing.

[0215] For example, a check is carried out to determine whether a radio connection to a sufficiently high number of radio stations 6 exists.

[0216] For example, the radio transponder has five sensors for detecting people's vital signs. Vital signs include pulse rate, body temperature, and other vital signs.

[0217] For example, vital signals are checked or whether a mechanical closer is properly locked or an electromechanical closer is properly locked.

[0218] If the radio transponder 5 is functioning properly, i.e. communicating properly with the radio stations 6, but is not worn correctly by the person 12, then the person 12 receives a warning or the door is not opened.

[0219] It can also be checked whether person 12 is authorized to enter security area 3. For example, it is checked whether person 12 has the appropriate qualifications.

[0220] In the case of autonomous vehicles 13, for example, it is checked whether the autonomous vehicle 13 is authorized to enter security area 3 due to its load (e.g. hazardous goods, overhanging load, permissible trailer or similar).

[0221] If the security system 1 requires the person 12 or the mobile autonomous vehicle 13 to carry multiple radio transponders 5, then multiple radio transponders 5 are checked.

[0222] For example, according to Fig. 9 the control and evaluation unit 7 is designed to read and check the radio transponder 5 again in a third area 21 after the access area 8, wherein a permissible passage through the access area 8 only occurs if the radio transponder 5 has been validly read by the radio station 6 in the first area 9, in the second area 10 and in the third area 21 and has been checked by the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0223] For example, according to Fig. 10, a lock with two doors 14 and a space between the doors for a person 12 is provided. The third area 21 is then provided between the doors 14. For example, a door switch is provided.

[0224] The door switch of the first door 14 or the second door 14 is actuated and sends a door actuation signal to the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0225] For example, only one of the two doors 14 is opened at a time, while the second door 14 remains closed. This prevents direct passage through the access area 8, and a stop must always be made in the third area 21 between the doors 14.

[0226] The person 12 is located at least in the first area 9 or the second area 10.

[0227] If all necessary data is available in the control and evaluation unit 7 within a certain time window, namely that both doors 14 were opened consecutively and the radio transponder 5 has switched areas one after the other, the switch is classified as permitted and permissible. The assignment of the radio transponder 5 to the respective area in the security system 1 is changed by the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0228] The door switch detects that the door 14 has been closed and sends a signal to the control and evaluation unit 7.

[0229] The control and evaluation unit 7 could take a safety measure or issue a warning to person 12 in the following cases. The door switch sends a signal that door 14 has been opened, but after a maximum permissible time has elapsed, it does not send a signal that door 14 has been closed again. This means that door 14 is permanently open. A counter may be stopped if a radio transponder 5 is in the first area 9 or the second area 10 of door 14.

[0230] A door switch sends a signal that the door 14 has been opened without a functioning radio transponder 5 being in the first area 9 in front of or in the second area 10 behind the door during the same period.

[0231] If both doors 14 were opened at the same time, then persons 12 could pass through the access area 8 without a radio transponder 5.

[0232] A procedure according to Fig. 10 can proceed as follows.

[0233] The security system 1 locates a functioning radio transponder 5 in the first area 9 in front of the door 14. The control and evaluation unit 7 releases the first door switch or a first door lock of the first door 14 by the control and evaluation unit 7 sending a signal to the first door lock.

[0234] Optionally, the control and evaluation unit 7 detects the radio transponder 5 in the third area 21 using the radio stations 6.

[0235] As soon as the first door 14 is closed again, the control and evaluation unit 7 sends a signal to the second door locking device and unlocks the second door 14.

[0236] The control and evaluation unit 7 registers the passage of the radio transponder 5 via the radio station 6 by locating the radio transponder 5 in the second area 10 behind the door 14.

[0237] If the radio transponder 5 moves from the first area 9 in front of the door 14 to the second area 10 behind the door 14, the move is classified as permitted and permissible. The system changes the assignment of the radio transponder 5 in the security system 1 from the first area 9 to the third area 21, and finally to the second area 10.

[0238] Optionally, the control and evaluation unit 7 sends a signal to the doors 14 or the door locks indicating that the door locks should be closed again. The control and evaluation unit 7 sends the signal after it has located the radio transponder 5 in the second area 10 and / or after a certain period of time has elapsed. The period of time can be permanently stored in the control and evaluation unit 7 or can be parameterized or configured by the user in the control and evaluation unit 7, or it can be dependent on another process parameter. If necessary, the counter is stopped when a radio transponder 5 is in the first area of ​​the door 14.

[0239] The process can also be implemented without requiring forced passage. The control and evaluation unit 7 then opens the door lock on both doors 14 as soon as a functional radio transponder 5 is located in the third central area 21. If both doors 14 are then opened simultaneously, the security system 1 takes a safety measure via the control and evaluation unit 7. For example, it gradually shuts off the first area 9 and the second area 10, since it cannot be ruled out that a person 12 or an autonomous vehicle 13 without a functional radio transponder 5 is located in one of the two areas 9 or 10.

[0240] For example, a confirmation button is provided to inform the control and evaluation unit 7 that no person 12 is in a shaded area.

[0241] A confirmation button can be used to notify the safety system 1 or the control and evaluation unit 7 that no person 12 is within the shaded area. A counter for this area is then reset, and the machines 20 in safety area 3 can operate normally again.

[0242] The confirmation button can be used to ensure security in access areas 8 that cannot inherently ensure that only persons 12 with a functioning radio transponder 5 can pass through them. These include, for example, access areas 8 through which more than one person 12 can pass, and in areas without a door lock, e.g., a swing door or an access area with a spatially resolving sensor 16 such as a light curtain.

[0243] If there are zones or areas within security area 3 that are not visible from the outside, a second confirmation button can be installed within the zone. Similar to areas protected by safety light curtains, the second confirmation button must be pressed within a certain time window before the first confirmation button is pressed to reset the radio transponder counter for the first zone.

[0244] The confirmation button is not necessary if the entire access area 8 is equipped with a lock and there are no secondary entrances, meaning that persons 12 can only enter the security area 3 through access area 8 with locks. This ensures, purely mechanically, that the security system 1 can always determine how many persons 12 may be within the security area 3 and, if applicable, within shaded areas.

[0245] The confirmation button can be designed, for example, as a confirmation switch or as a key switch.

[0246] For example, the radio location system is an ultra-wideband radio location system, with the frequency used being in the range of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, with the maximum transmission power per radio station being 0.5 mW.

[0247] For example, a hazardous movement of a machine 20 in at least one hazardous area is transferred to a safe state when object 4 approaches the hazardous area or object 4 is located in the hazardous area. This allows the remaining parts of the system to continue to operate productively.

[0248] For example, a warning zone is formed adjacent to the danger zone, wherein a dangerous movement of a machine 20 in at least one danger zone is converted into a safe state when the object 4 is located in the warning zone.

[0249] The warning zone allows persons 12 to move outside the warning zone and outside the danger zone in safety zone 3. However, as soon as a person 12 enters the warning zone, movement in the danger zone is transferred to the safe state. The warning zone forms a defined, fixed zone to initiate a safe state in the danger zone. Depending on the stopping time of the machine 20, the warning zone can be made larger or smaller. The danger zone is only accessible via the warning zone.

[0250] For example, at least the part of a system in which object 4 is detected is in a safe condition. This allows the remaining parts of the system to continue to operate productively.

[0251] For example, the access area 8 is arranged with at least one access station 11 for a system, wherein the system has at least one safety area 3 and at least one danger area within the safety area 3. Reference symbol: 1 security system 2 electronic access control system 3 Security area 4 objects 5 radio transponders 6 radio stations 7 Control and evaluation unit 8 Access area 9 first area 10 second area 11 Access station 12 people 13 autonomous vehicle 14 Door 15 Turnstile 16 optoelectronic sensor 17 Display unit 18 Radio location system 19 Appendix 20 machines 21 third area

Claims

[1] Security system (1) with an electronic access control system (2) for a security area (3) for objects (4), with at least one radio transponder (5) and at least one radio station (6) for detecting the radio transponder (5) and at least one control and evaluation unit (7) which is connected to the radio station (6) for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area (8) with an access station (11), wherein the security area (3) is only accessible via the access area (8), so that the access area (8) can be passed by the object (4) before reaching the security area (3) and after leaving the security area (3), wherein the access station (11) is actuated when an object passes the access area, where permissible objects have the radio transponder (5), wherein the radio transponder (5) has an identification, whereby the object (4) is identifiable, whereby the permitted objects (4) can pass through the access area (8) with the radio transponder (5), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) when the object enters the security area (3) in a first area (9) in the direction of movement in front of the access area (8) by the radio station (6), characterized by , that the first area (9) in front of the access area (8) is located in the access direction in front of the access area (8) and the second area (10) after the access area (8) is located in the access direction after the access area (8), wherein the first area (9) and the second area (10) are each located on different sides of the access area (8), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) again in a second area (10) in the direction of movement after the access area (8), wherein a permissible passage through the access area (8) and a permissible entry into the security area (3) only occurs if the radio transponder (5) in the first area (9) and in the second area (10) has been validly read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7), where permissible objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the safety area, and inadmissible objects are not registered in the safety area by the control and evaluation unit. [2] Security system (1) according to claim 1, characterized bythat the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) when the object leaves the security area (3) in the second area (10) in the direction of movement in front of the access area (8) from the radio station (6), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) again in a first area (9) in the direction of movement after the access area (8), wherein a permissible passage through the access area (8) and exit from the security area (3) only occurs if the radio transponder (5) in the second area (10) and in the first area (9) has been validly read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7), where permissible objects are deregistered by the control and evaluation unit in the security area, and inadmissible objects are not logged out of the security area by the control and evaluation unit. [3] Security system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the security system (1) is designed for locating and identifying the object (4), with the control and evaluation unit (7), with at least one radio location system (18), wherein the radio location system (18) has the arranged radio stations (6), wherein position data of the radio transponder (5) and thus of the object (4) can be determined by means of the radio location system (18), wherein the position data can be transmitted from the radio station (6) of the radio location system (18) to the control and evaluation unit (7), wherein the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to evaluate the position data of the radio transponder (5). [4] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the access station (11) of the access area (8) can be locked and can only be passed by permitted objects (4). [5] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the access station (11) of the access area has a door (14). [6] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the access station (11) of the access area has a door (14) with a door locking device. [7] Security system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the access station (11) of the access area has a mechanical turnstile (15). [8] Security system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the access station (11) of the access area has a mechanical turnstile (15) with turnstile locking. [9] Security system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the access station (11) of the access area has a spatially resolving sensor (16). [10] Security system (1) according to claim 9, characterized by that the spatially resolving sensor is bridged when the control and evaluation unit reads permissible object information from the radio transponder. [11] Security system (1) according to claim 9, characterized by that the spatially resolving sensor (16) is a spatially resolving optoelectronic sensor (16) and is designed to detect an object contour and the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to compare the detected object contour with a stored object contour assigned to the object and, in the event of a match, to classify the object as a permissible object. [12] Security system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a display unit (17) is arranged at the access area (8). [13] Security system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least two radio transponders (5) are arranged on the object (4). [14] Security system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radio transponder (5) has mechanical and / or electrical and / or electromagnetic locking means and is arranged locked on the object (4). [15] Security system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the control and evaluation unit (7) is designed to read and check the radio transponder (5) again in a third area (21) after the access area (8), wherein a permissible passage through the access area (8) only occurs if the radio transponder (5) in the first area (9), in the second area (10) and in the third area (21) has been validly read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7). [16] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radio location system (18) is an ultra-wideband radio location system, the frequency used being in the range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, the transmission energy per radio station (6) being a maximum of 0.5 mW. [17] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a dangerous movement of a machine (20) in at least one danger zone is converted into a safe state when the object (4) approaches the danger zone or the object (4) is located in the danger zone. [18] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least the part of a system in whose area the object (4) is detected is in a safe condition. [19] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat an NFC radio interface or a Bluetooth radio interface is additionally provided on the access station (11) for identifying objects (4). [20] Security system (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a barcode reader or a pixel code reader is additionally provided at the access station (11) for identifying objects (4). [21] Method with a security system (1) with an electronic access control system (2) for a security area (3) for objects (4), with at least one radio transponder (5) and at least one radio station (6) for detecting the radio transponder (5) and at least one control and evaluation unit (7) which is connected to the radio station (6) for evaluating the read radio transponder information and at least one spatially limited access area (8) with an access station, wherein the security area (3) is only accessible via the access area (8), so that the access area (8) can be passed by the object (4) before reaching the security area (3) and after leaving the security area (3), wherein the access station is actuated when an object passes the access area, wherein the permissible objects (4) have the radio transponder (5), wherein the radio transponder (5) has an identification, whereby the object (4) is identifiable, whereby the permitted objects (4) can pass through the access area with the radio transponder (5), wherein the radio transponder (5) is read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7) when the object enters the security area (3) in a first area (9) in the direction of movement in front of the access area (8), characterized by , that the first area (9) in front of the access area (8) is located in the access direction in front of the access area (8) and the second area (10) after the access area (8) is located in the access direction after the access area (8), wherein the first area (9) and the second area (10) are each located on different sides of the access area (8), wherein the radio transponder (5) is read again by the radio station (6) in a second area (10) in the direction of movement after the access area (8) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7), wherein a permissible passage through the access area (8) and a permissible entry into the security area (3) only occurs if the radio transponder (5) in the first area (9) and in the second area (10) has been validly read by the radio station (6) and checked by the control and evaluation unit (7), where permissible objects are registered by the control and evaluation unit in the safety area, and inadmissible objects are not registered in the safety area by the control and evaluation unit.

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