wheelchair

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wheelchair with a wheelchair frame having a quick-release axle receptacle for receiving a quick-release axle for attaching a wheel to the wheelchair frame, characterized by a mounting device with a first side facing the wheel in the mounted state and a second side facing the wheelchair frame in the mounted state, wherein the mounting device is attached to the wheelchair frame by means of the quick-release axle and the quick-release axle receptacle and wherein the mounting device comprises: a wheel receiving element which is arranged on the first side of the mounting device and on which the wheel can be or is mounted, a first torque absorption device with which the mounting device can be or is fixed to the hub of the wheel in a rotationally fixed manner around the hub axis or the wheel axis, and a second torque absorption device with which the mounting device is fixed to the wheelchair frame in a rotationally fixed manner.

Description

The present invention relates to a wheelchair.Wheelchairs have drive wheels which are driven either mechanically or by motor. These drive wheels are usually rotatably mounted on the frame of the wheelchair via an axle. In order to replace a drive wheel, for example in order to change from a wheel manually driven by means of a gripping ring to a wheel with an auxiliary drive, the wheel fastened to the wheelchair frame is removed and the new drive wheel with an auxiliary drive is fastened to the respective wheel receptacle on the wheelchair frame. The connection to the drive wheel is usually effected via the mentioned axle, for example a plug-in axle between the mounted wheel or its additional drive and an axle receptacle. The assembly of the new wheel is complicated and can be carried out only with difficulty, in particular by persons with limited fine-motor systems.Various systems have therefore been developed for wheel reception of a wheelchair. In particular, when a manually driven wheel is replaced by a motor driven wheel, special receiving devices with an axle receptacle are mounted fixedly on the wheelchair frame in exchange for an existing drive wheel receptacle. The connection to the drive wheel is usually also made via a plug-in axle between the mounted wheel or its additional drive and the axle receptacle which is mounted on the wheelchair frame. However, even in this solution in the prior art, the drive wheel or an additional drive of the drive wheel, such as a hub motor, is still difficult to mount, in particular for persons with limited fine motor system.Alternatively, additional adapter plates have been developed which are fixedly mounted in front of the wheel receiving means located on the wheelchair frame. These serve to receive the drive wheel to be mounted or an additional drive for a drive wheel. For example, there are solutions in which the drive wheel is suspended in the adapter plate and then locked to the adapter plate. In addition, in the case of such additional adapter plates, the drive wheel or its additional drive is difficult to mount, in particular for persons with limited fine motor system. A further disadvantage of the adapter plates present in the prior art is that the adjustment of the seat height or of the center of gravity of the wheelchair is impaired by the adapter plate.Overall, the mounting of a wheel or a wheel with an auxiliary drive on a wheelchair, as is required, for example, when replacing a mechanically driven wheel by an electric motor driven wheel, is very complicated and, in particular, only very difficult to carry out for persons with limited fine motor system. In particular, changes between the mechanically driven wheel and the electromotively driven wheel may, however, be required more often. However, the wheel holders for a wheelchair proposed in the prior art do not offer a simple solution which is easy to install.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a wheelchair in which a simple change between different wheels is possible. In particular, it should be possible for the drive wheel of a wheelchair to be replaceable or mounted by the user of the wheelchair itself, in particular also by users with fine motor restrictions. Furthermore, the proposed device for fastening a wheel hub should be able to be manufactured and first mounted with little effort.This object is achieved by the wheelchair according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the wheelchair according to the invention are given in the respective dependent claims.The wheelchair according to the invention has a wheelchair frame which has a plug-in axle receptacle for receiving a plug-in axle for fastening a wheel (3) to the wheelchair frame (2). In this respect, the wheelchair frame according to the invention is configured as usual in the prior art.According to the invention, however, a wheel is not directly fastened to the plug-in axle receptacle of the wheelchair frame, but rather a mounting device is fastened by means of a plug-in axle with a first side facing the wheel in the mounted state and a second side facing the wheelchair frame in the mounted state. The mounting device now has, for its part, a wheel receiving element which is arranged on the first side of the mounting device and on which a wheel can be or is mounted.In addition, the mounting device has two torque absorbing devices, namely a first torque absorbing device, with which the mounting device can be fixed or is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner on the hub of the wheel about the hub axis or about the wheel axis, and a second torque absorbing device, with which the mounting device is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner on the wheelchair frame. These two torque take-up devices have the effect that the hub of the wheel is itself fixed to the wheelchair frame in a rotationally fixed manner and thus, for example when using a hub motor, the hub motor is fixed with its stator, while the rotor of the motor, which is connected to the tire of the wheel, can be rotated.By attaching a mounting device according to the invention to the wheelchair frame, each user can easily place and mount a wheel on the mounting device. A change between different wheels, for example with or without an auxiliary drive, is easily possible. The mounting device is also easy to mount, without modifications of the wheelchair frame, by means of a plug-in axle on the plug-in axle receptacle already present on each, also commercially available wheelchair frame. Thus, no modification of the wheelchair frame is required to make use of the present invention.For example, it is possible to mount the mounting device according to the invention as an adapter on the wheelchair, which has a receptacle for a plug-in axle of a wheel, by means of a plug-in axle. By means of a pin described later, which engages in a further bore in the wheelchair frame, rotation of the mounting device relative to the wheelchair frame is blocked. For attaching a wheel, which is driven by a motor, for example, the wheel is pushed with its hub onto the wheel hub receptacle and locked with the wheel hub receptacle. The adapter is additionally rigidly connected, for example latched, to the wheel hub by a further element as a torque absorbing device. Thus, the wheelchair frame is rigidly connected to the wheel hub so that the motor drive can rotate the wheel relative to the wheelchair frame.The mounting device has a first side facing the wheel in the mounted state and a second side facing the wheelchair frame in the mounted state.The wheel receiving element is advantageously oriented toward the first side of the mounting device, i.e. is arranged on the side of the mounting device facing the wheel. The outer circumference of the wheel receiving element is advantageously larger at the end of the receiving element facing the wheelchair frame than at the end of the wheel receiving element facing the wheel. The outer circumference of this receiving element can increase at least in sections in the direction of the frame or decrease at least in sections in the direction of the wheel hub or the wheel. Such a change of the outer circumference can also take place only in individual sections of the receiving element, for example in a central section along the extension of the receiving element along a direction from the second side to the first side.In some embodiments, the receiving element extends only on the side of the mounting device facing the wheel, so that the mounting of the mounting device on the wheelchair is not hindered by the receiving element. The receiving element thus fulfils the function of an axle, on, on or into which the wheel hub of the wheel drive or of the wheel can be slid. Due to the optionally tapering, in particular conical, configuration of the outer side of the wheel receiving element, it is easy to place the wheel hub on the receiving element and to push the wheel onto the receiving element. This configuration of the receiving element enables a user, even if the latter has a restricted fine motor system, to mount and / or disassemble the wheel independently. Thus, a simple change between different drive wheels is possible for the user, for example between a manual drive wheel and a wheel with an additional drive.Furthermore, the alignment and centering of the wheel or of the auxiliary drive is improved and thus the usability or user experience is also improved.In addition to the wheelchair frame and the mounting device, the wheelchair can also have a wheel hub of a wheel which is part of a wheel or a wheel drive. Wheel hubs of this type usually have an opening in their wheel hub rotation axis, which is used here to receive at least a part of the receiving element. The wheel hub of the wheel is consequently pushed over the receiving element during the assembly of the wheel hub and the receiving element is thus at least partially received in the wheel hub of the wheel.In an advantageous embodiment, the receiving element has an opening, for example a bore, at the end facing the wheel hub, which opening can serve for receiving a plug-in axle for connecting the wheelchair frame to the mounting device and / or a plug-in axle for connecting the wheel to the mounting device. The opening is then preferably arranged concentrically with respect to the wheel hub rotational axis. For example, the opening is a substantially round bore which extends from the end of the receiving element facing the wheel hub along the wheel hub rotational axis in the direction of the other end of the receiving element.Advantageously, the opening at the end of the receiving device facing the wheel has a flange directed into the opening, which forms an undercut. A fastening device of the wheel hub, e.g. a locking element, can be locked in this undercut and the wheel can thus be secured to the receiving device.The inside diameter of the opening can also increase or decrease continuously, at least in sections, starting from the end of the receiving device facing the wheel, so that the receiving element has a funnel-shaped inner cross section, for example. However, the diameter of the opening, i.e. the inner diameter of the receiving element, can also increase or decrease stepwise. Then, the receiving element has, for example, on the inside, a circumferential, inwardly directed collar or flange, which forms an undercut region.Advantageously, the wheel hub can have a centrally arranged locking element which, in the assembled state of the wheel hub, is introduced at least in sections into the opening. This locking element can be used not only within the scope of the wheelchair according to the invention, but also an independent invention.This locking element according to the invention can serve for locking a wheel hub to a wheel hub receptacle. It has an axle with a longitudinal direction, wherein the axle is storable or supported at its one longitudinal end on a wheel hub, and has at its other longitudinal end, arranged on its circumference in the circumferential direction, a plurality of latching elements (61), which can be displaced in the radial direction to the longitudinal direction by means of an actuating device and can optionally be fixed in their state protruding from the axle in the radial direction. The latching elements can advantageously be balls or pins which, in the mounted state of the wheel hub on a wheel hub receptacle, project from the circumference of the axis of the locking element in the radial direction and are latched to an undercut region of the wheel hub receptacle.The locking element can be integrated or integrated into the wheel hub. It can thus be designed as a plug-in axle which can be plugged into the wheel hub. However, it is also possible to form the locking element as part of the wheel hub itself.If the wheelchair according to the invention is viewed, the locking element consequently has latching elements which, in the mounted state of the wheel hub, are latched to the undercut region of the opening. The latching elements can, for example, abut an internally surrounding flange of the receiving element, which forms the undercut. As a result of the positive fit thus formed, the wheel hub with the locking element cannot be removed from the receiving element without additional effort. The locking element therefore fixes the wheel hub in the assembled state in the axial direction and counter to the placement direction in a form-fitting manner along the wheel hub rotational axis.As already mentioned, the outer periphery of the receiving element can advantageously increase at least in sections in the direction of a longitudinal axis extending from the first side to the second side of the mounting device. Advantageously, the receiving element of the receiving element has a first section, a second section and a third section, which are arranged one after the other in the direction from the first side to the second side of the mounting device along the wheel hub rotational axis. preferably the three sections are directly adjacent to one another in the longitudinal direction of the wheel hub rotational axis.For example, the first section is configured cylindrically and has an outer diameter D 1. The outer diameter of the second portion increases from a diameter D 1 to a diameter D 2>D 1 in the direction from the first side to the second side of the mounting device, i.e. is formed conically. The third section is again cylindrical and has the outer diameter D 2. The first section and / or the second section are preferably designed in such a way that they form a fit for the wheel hub.Advantageously, the wheel hub is positively fixed in the radial direction with the first section and / or the second section in the assembled state. In advantageous refinements, the second section can be designed, for example, conically or frustoconically, such that the diameter increases continuously. In some refinements, the outer diameter of the second section can also increase in a stepwise manner. In further variants, the second section can, for example, increase in a stepwise manner in sections and continuously in sections.The second section can have a round outer shape and / or inner shape in cross section. However, variants are also possible in which the second section described above has a non-round cross section. In these cases, an increase in the diameter along the wheel hub rotational axis is to be regarded as an increase in the distance of the outer surface of the second portion from the wheel hub rotational axis.In advantageous variants, the receiving element is designed such that it has on its outer surface, at least along its longitudinal axis, a region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis in sections. The orientation of the receiving element on the wheelchair frame can now be effected in such a way that this region, which runs parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation, that is to say usually horizontally in the mounted state, is arranged on the upper side of the receiving element. This makes it possible to push the wheel hub of the wheel onto the receiving element, wherein the wheel hub remains resting on the receiving element without further exertion of force and does not slide from the otherwise conical receiving element. It is thereby possible for the user to easily push the wheel to be mounted onto the receiving element, since the receiving element has a conical outer shape. Because the upper outer surface of the receiving element has at least in sections a region running parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation or horizontally, the pushed-on wheel only needs to be held in its position with a low force, while it is subsequently fixed to the wheelchair frame by means of the connecting device.The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use with a plurality of differently configured drive wheels for wheelchairs and can be very easily adapted to different wheelchair models. It can also be mounted easily, optionally even without tools, or can be completely removed by the user. The assembly effort, in particular the initial assembly effort, is very greatly reduced, since no parts need to be replaced or replaced on the wheelchair or wheelchair frame. The device can be fastened to the wheelchair frame completely using fastening points for manual wheels which are usually already available on the part of the wheelchair frame, in particular for example by means of a plug-in axle which uses an axle receptacle for a manual wheel which is already present on the wheelchair frame. The first torque receptacle or torque support can also be installed variably at usually already present installation points, e.g. screw holes.In addition to the improved usability and the adjustable modular construction of the mounting device according to the invention, it thus also has the advantage that it can be fastened to existing mounting options of a wheelchair frame without intervention in the wheelchair frame and consequently also no intervention in existing guarantees for the wheelchair frame or the wheelchair.In order to realize the advantage that a pushed-on wheel or a wheel hub pushed onto the receiving element does not slip off the receiving element by itself, the region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis is advantageously inclined at a maximum at an angle α with α≤ 10° with respect to the wheel hub rotational axis. Advantageously, this angle is α<5° or α<2°. With such slight slopes of the region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis, the pushed-on wheel or the wheel hub is easy to hold on the receiving element or only a small force is required so that the wheel or the wheel hub does not unintentionally slide off the receiving element during assembly.For the present invention, the aforementioned region of the outer periphery of the receiving element running substantially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis is advantageous. This region advantageously has a width (perpendicular to the axial extension of the receiving element or the axis of rotation of the wheel hub) which is less than the maximum outer diameter of the receiving element. Widths which are very small, for example a width of 1 mm, are sufficient. The length of the region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation does not have to extend completely over the outer surface of the receiving element parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation. Range lengths which are, for example, >5 mm, 10 mm or advantageously 30 mm are sufficient. Even such short areas running essentially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis are sufficient to safely place the wheel hub on the receiving element and to prevent or sufficiently make difficult an unintentional slipping of the wheel hub from the receiving element.The outer surface of the receiving element can have any desired cross section in the other regions outside the region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation, for example triangular, quadrangular or with another polygonal cross section.A round cross section of the outer periphery of the receiving element is also possible-as already described. A round cross section enables in particular easy sliding on and centering of a wheel hub on the receiving element.The mounting device can have a mounting element, for which a mounting plate is particularly suitable. This mounting element, in particular a mounting plate, is arranged on the second side of the receiving element, i.e. on the side facing the wheelchair frame. The mounting element may serve to stabilize the position of the device on the wheelchair frame by the increased contact surface of the mounting device on the wheelchair frame. The mounting element can be formed in one piece with the receiving element or also in two pieces with the receiving element. In the form of a mounting plate, the mounting plate may form the bottom of the receiving element which faces the wheelchair frame. The outer shape of the mounting plates can be chosen as desired, but for example also rectangular or round.On the other hand, the mounting element can also serve to provide interfaces for data or for supplying energy to an electromotive drive in the wheel hub.For this purpose, alternatively or additionally, receptacles or plug elements can also be arranged in the first torque receptacle, which receptacles or plug elements can be contacted, for example, both by the wheel side and by the wheelchair side.The rotationally secure fastening of the wheel hub to the device can also be effected by means of a fastening element as a first torque-receiving device, which is arranged adjacent to the receiving element on the side of the mounting element facing the wheel hub, for example a receptacle for a plug-in axle, a securing bolt or latching hooks. The rotationally secure fixing of the wheel hub to the mounting device is ensured in particular if this receptacle for a fastening element is arranged outside the wheel hub axis, i.e. eccentrically, and thus forms the first torque receptacle device.A rotationally secure fastening of the mounting device according to the invention to the wheelchair frame takes place by the second torque absorbing device. This second torque-absorbing device can have, for example, an element arranged concentrically to the wheel hub rotation axis, which element in turn has a through opening in the wheel hub rotation axis for the passage of a plug-in axis. If this element of the mounting device is now fixed in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the other elements of the mounting device and is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner on the other hand to the wheelchair frame, rotation of the device according to the invention relative to the wheelchair frame is prevented.The rotationally secure fixing of the second torque-absorbing device to the other elements of the mounting device can be effected, for example, by a latching between these two elements, for example, by having one or more projections or recesses in a complementary manner in each case. One or more of these projections and recesses then engage with one another in the desired position of the second torque-absorbing device and thus prevent a rotation of the second torque-absorbing device relative to the absorbing device. The projections and recesses can be arranged in such a way that the second torque receiving device can be fastened to the mounting device in differently rotated positions relative to the receiving device. This makes it possible to align the second torque absorbing device such that it can be mounted in a rotationally fixed manner on already present fastening points of the wheelchair frame, for example by means of a screw connection.For this purpose, the second torque-absorbing device can have, for example, a projecting lever arm. By rotating the second torque absorbing device in such a way that the lever arm optionally extends to a fastening point of the wheelchair frame already present at the factory, the mounting device according to the invention can also be used with different wheelchair frames without the mounting device itself having to be modified or the wheelchair frame having to be changed. However, it is also possible to introduce required fastening points for the second torque absorbing device subsequently into the wheelchair frame.Advantageously, the lever arm can have an elongated hole extending radially from the wheel hub axis of rotation. It is thus possible to also use fastening points of a wheelchair frame at different distances from the wheel hub axis of rotation for fixing, for example by means of a screw connection, the second torque absorbing device to the wheelchair frame.In further advantageous embodiments of the device, the wheel hub has on its surface facing the wheelchair a depression (groove) arranged eccentrically to the wheel hub rotation axis, and the mounting device has an engagement element arranged eccentrically to the wheel hub rotation axis as a first torque receiving device. Eccentric means here that the depression and the engagement element are arranged outside the wheel hub rotational axis. The engagement element is connected to the mounting device in a rotationally fixed manner and engages as a spring in the groove in the wheel hub in the mounted state of the wheel hub in such a way that the wheel hub and the mounting device are positively fixed to one another in the rotational direction about the wheel hub rotational axis. This means that the wheel hub cannot rotate about the wheel hub rotational axis with respect to the mounting device when the engagement element engages in the depression. The recess and the engagement element therefore permit simple rotationally fixed mounting of the wheel hub on the wheelchair by means of the mounting device without using further components. This connection thus serves to absorb torque between the mounting device and the wheel.As further advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the following embodiments of the wheelchair according to the invention are proposed:The region running essentially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation can run at an angle α to the wheel hub axis of rotation with α≤ 10°, advantageously α≤ 5°, advantageously α≤ 2°, in particular parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation.For each cross section through the wheel receiving element, the region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub rotational axis can have a width BA in relation to the maximum outer diameter DA of the hollow cylinder, where BA≤DA, in particular BA=1 mm.The region running substantially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation can have a length LA with LA≥5 mm, advantageously LA≥10 mm, advantageously LA≥30 mm.The mounting device can have a mounting element, in particular a mounting plate, which is arranged on the second side on the wheel receiving element.The wheel receiving element can be designed as a hollow cylinder.The torque-absorbing device can have a through-opening, which can be arranged or is arranged concentrically to the wheel hub rotational axis directly or indirectly on the wheel-absorbing element, in particular on the mounting element.The mounting element and the wheel receiving element can be integral, preferably made of metal.The locking element according to the invention can be integratable or integrated into the wheel hub, in particular can be a plug-in axle.Examples of devices and wheelchairs according to the invention are given below. In these examples, the same and similar reference numerals are used for the same and similar elements, so that the description thereof may not be repeated. In the following examples, features according to the invention are presented in combination with further optional features and developments of the device according to the invention and of the wheelchair according to the invention. However, it is also possible to combine individual ones of the features from the examples not directly described in claim 1 with individual other such features from the same example or other examples for further development of the present invention without realizing all features of the respective example.The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a wheelchair according to the prior art; FIGS. 2A and 2B show a wheelchair according to the prior art; and FIGS. 2C to 16 show different embodiments of wheelchairs according to the invention in different views and / or in different sections.Fig. 1 shows in the two fields 1A and 1B a wheelchair 1 with a wheelchair frame 2 and a wheel 3. In Fig. 1A the wheelchair 1 is shown with a hand operated wheel 3 with a grab tire 9, while in Fig. 1B the same wheelchair is shown with an electric motor wheel 3 with an electric motor drive 7 in addition to the grab tire 9. The electric motor drive 7 is controlled by means of an additional controller 7 a.The present invention enables a conventional wheelchair to be easily converted from a configuration in Fig. 1A to a configuration in Fig. 1B, and vice versa.FIG. 2 shows in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C a section of the wheelchair 1 from FIG. 1A with a manually driven wheel 3, respectively. FIG. 2B shows an enlarged detail of the wheelchair frame 2 with the axle receptacle 6, which has a through-opening / bore 8, into which the plug-in axle 16 can be inserted.FIG. 2C shows a detail as in FIG. 2B, but now according to the invention with a mounting device 10 according to the present invention. This mounting device is fastened by a plug-in axle 16 in the bore 8 of the axle receptacle 6. The mounting device 10 has a wheel receiving element 13 which extends in the direction from a second side 12 of the mounting device 10 facing the wheelchair frame to a first side 11 of the mounting device 10 facing away from the wheelchair in the wheel hub rotation axis 5 and in turn has an inner bore.Furthermore, the mounting device 10 has a first torque receiving device 17 afor receiving a torque between the mounting device 10 and a wheel hub and a second torque receiving device 17 bfor receiving a torque between the mounting device 10 and the wheelchair frame 2.The first torque-absorbing device 17 ahas an elevation at its end facing away from the axis of rotation 5 in order to engage in a corresponding depression in a wheel hub. Furthermore, it has plug elements 41 in order to supply power and control signals to the axis of rotation of an electromotive wheel hub driveThe second torque absorbing device 17 bis designed as a lever arm 24, which can be fastened to a bore provided on the wheelchair frame by means of a fastening element 30.The fastening element 30, which is described in greater detail in FIGS. 5 to 7, has a bolt shank 30a, which is arranged on the wheelchair frame in a bore in the wheelchair frame 2 and is designed as a hollow shank. An insert element 30 bis inserted into this shaft 30 a. The insert element 30 b, which is part of the torque absorbing device 17 band thus also the mounting device 10, is thus fixed in the bolt shaft 30 aand thus on the wheelchair frame 2 in a positive-locking manner in the direction of rotation about the axis 15 or an axis parallel thereto.FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the wheelchair in FIG. 2C with a wheel 3 with an electromotive drive 7 in FIG. 13A. The receiving element 13 of the mounting device 10 has 3 sections 13 a, 13 band 13 calong the axis 5, which is at the same time also the longitudinal axis 15 of the receiving element 13, the outer diameter of which increases in the direction of the wheel hub, so that the outer diameter of the section 13 cis greater than that of the section 13 band this is in turn greater than that of the section 13 c. As a result, the wheel 3, which has a recess in the wheel hub axle 5 of the electromotive drive 7, can easily be pushed onto the wheel receiving element 13 and in the process be centered.At the extreme first end 18a, the receiving element 18 has an inwardly directed flange. At the second end 18 b, the first torque absorbing device 17 aand the second torque absorbing device 17 bare arranged.In FIG. 3B, the same wheelchair 1 as in FIG. 3A is in a further detail, but without the wheel 3 shown, before the mounting of the receiving adapter 10 on the wheelchair frame 2, while the bolt shaft 30 aas part of the wheelchair frame 2 is fastened in an opening at a specific location of the wheelchair frame 2, the fastening element 30 dcorresponding thereto is positioned in the elongated hole 29 in such a way that it can be inserted into the bolt shaft 30 ato fix the torque receiver 17 bto the wheelchair frame 2. After the position of the fastening element 30 din the elongate bore 29 has been set for the first time, it is no longer necessary to change or adjust the position of the fastening element 30 don later changes of the wheels 3 of the wheelchair 1.FIG. 3C shows the adapter 10 in the mounted state on a wheelchair frame 2.FIG. 4 shows a section through a section of the wheelchair frame 2 with mounted mounting device 10 with wheel 3 in FIG. 4A not yet mounted and with wheel 3 in FIG. 4B already mounted. The wheel hub 4 of the wheel 3 engages over the wheel receiving element 13 and is pushed onto the latter. For secure fastening of the wheel to the mounting device 10, the wheel 3 engages with the wheel hub 4 in the opening 8 of the mounting device 10 and undercuts the flange 19 at the first end 18 aof the wheel receiving device 13.FIG. 5 shows the mounting device 10 with the torque receiving devices 17 aand 17 b, the wheel receiving element 13 and the plug-in axle 16 in a lateral view of the first side 11. This enables the arm to engage in a corresponding recess in an electromotive drive 7 and thus to form a rotationally fixed connection between the mounting device 10 and the electromotive drive 7.The second torque absorbing device 17 bis likewise configured as a lever arm which can be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to a wheelchair frame 2 by means of a fastening element 30.FIG. 6 shows the mounting element in an oblique view onto the second side 12.According to FIG. 6, the lever arm 24 of the second torque absorbing device 17 bhas an elongated hole 29. A connecting element 30 of the fastening device now engages in the elongated hole 29 of the lever arm 24. The connecting element 30 is in turn fixed at a fastening location of the wheelchair frame, for example a screw hole, and thus transmits a torque, which is transmitted from the mounting plate 18 to the torque receiving device 17 band from there via the lever arm 24 to the connecting element 30, further to the wheelchair frame. Due to the longitudinal displaceability of the connecting element 30 within the slot 29, not only an alignment of the lever arm 24 to an existing fastening point of the wheelchair frame, for example a screw hole, is possible, but also the distance between the mounting plate 18 and the screw hole is suitably variable.FIG. 7 shows a mounting device as in FIG. 6, but in a side plan view in the form of an exploded drawing. The connecting element 30 has a bolt shaft 30 awhich is designed as a hollow shaft. An insert element 30 bis inserted into this shaft 30 aand is fixed in the bolt shaft 30 ain a positive-locking manner in the direction of rotation about the axis 15 or an axis parallel thereto. The insert element 30 bhas a web 30 con the side facing away from the shank 30 a, with which web the insert element 30 bengages in the slot 29 and is slidingly displaceable in this slot 29 in order to be able to set the appropriate distance once. During the later change of wheels, no further adjustment is necessary. The insert element 30 bis secured against the insert element 30 bbeing dropped out of the slot 29 by means of a screw 30 dthat is screwed into the insert element 30 bfrom the opposite side of the lever arm 24 through the slot 29. The connecting device 30 is in turn secured to the wheelchair frame in the region of the shaft 30a by means of a nut 30e.FIG. 8 shows the same mounting device 10 in a plan view of the rear side 12.FIG. 9 shows in FIGS. 8 aand 8 bthe mounting device 10 illustrated in FIG. 7 in a view of the first side 11 in FIG. 9A and in a side view in FIG. 9B. FIG. 9 ashows the mounting device 10 in an oblique view and FIG. 9 bshows the mounting device 10 in a side view. In FIG. 9 a, the observer looks at the first side 11 of the mounting device 10, which in the mounted state faces the wheel hub 4.The mounting device 10 of this embodiment has a receiving element 13. The receiving element 13 has a first section 13 a, a second section 13 band a third section 13 c. The portions 13 a, 13 b, 13 cof the receiving element 13 are arranged side by side in the direction from the first side 11 to the second side 12 along the wheel hub rotational axis 15. Of all three sections 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, the first section 13 ais arranged closest to the end of the receiving element 13 which faces a wheel hub in the mounted state. The first portion 13 aand the third portion 13 care configured cylindrically and have a round cross section. The first portion 13a and / or the third portion 13c form a fit for a wheel hub 4. The second portion 13 bis arranged along the wheel hub rotational axis between the first portion 13 aand the third portion 13 c. The second section 13 bis formed in the shape of a truncated cone and forms a transition between the first section 13 aand the third section 13 c. The diameter of the second portion 13 bthus increases in the direction from the first side 11 to the second side 12 along the wheel hub rotational axis 15.In FIG. 8, an undercut opening 50 is also shown, which is arranged at the end of the receiving element 13 that faces a wheel hub in the mounted state. The undercut bore 50 has an undercut region 51 which, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, is formed by a circumferential, inner flange or collar of the receiving element 13.In the embodiment shown, the mounting device 10 also has an engagement element 43 which is connected to the mounting device 10 in a rotationally fixed manner. As shown in FIG. 8, a plug or a socket can be arranged on the engagement element 43, with which, for example, electrical connections of a motor can be electrically contacted.FIG. 10 shows the mounting device according to the invention in cross sectionFIG. 11 shows, in FIGS. 9 aand 9 b, a wheel hub 4 and parts of a mounting device 10 of the same embodiment as in FIG. 9, FIG. 11 ashows the mounting device 10 and the wheel hub 4 in a state in which the wheel hub 4 is not mounted on the mounting device 10. FIG. 11 bshows the wheel hub 4 in an assembled state.On its surface facing the wheelchair, the wheel hub 4 has a groove 42 which is arranged eccentrically, i.e. off-axis to the wheel hub rotation axis 15 and extends in the axial direction and has side walls running in the axial direction. The depression 42 is arranged on a surface of the wheel hub 4 and, in the assembled state, faces the mounting device 10 and therefore also the wheelchair frame 2. The torque-absorbing element 17 a, which is connected to the mounting device 10 in a rotationally fixed manner, engages in the depression 42 in the mounted state and is therefore positively fixed with respect to the wheel hub 15 in the rotational direction of the wheel 1 by the side walls in a positive locking manner with the wheel hub 5 in the rotational direction of the wheel 1, both in the forward rotational direction of the wheel 1 and in the reverse rotational direction of the wheel 1. As a result, the torque which is introduced into the wheel hub during the motor rotation of the wheel is conducted from the wheel hub to the mounting device and from there further into the wheelchair frame. A rotation of the wheel hub 4 with respect to the mounting device 10 and with respect to the wheelchair frame can thus be prevented.The sections are arranged such that the wheel can be placed on the first section of 13, the wheel hub abuts 17 aand is now rotated until 17 aengages in the groove 42 and the wheel hub can be fully plugged on.The fastening between wheelchair frame 2, adapter 10 and wheel 3 is explained below with reference to FIGS. 3A, 3B and 11. To mount an adapter 10 on a wheelchair frame 2 and a wheel 3 with a wheel hub 4 on the adapter 10, the adapter 10 is first introduced into opening 8 of the axle receptacle 6 by means of the plug-in axle 16 and the plug-in axle 16 is fastened there. At the same time, the pin 30 bis threaded into the sleeve 30 afixed to the wheelchair frame and the mounting device 10 and the torque receptacle 17 bare thus fixed to the wheelchair frame 2. Subsequently, the wheel hub 4 of the wheel 3 is placed on the first section 13 aof the receiving element 13 and the wheel hub 4 is pushed onto the receiving element 13 until the torque receptacle 17 abuts against the wheel hub 4. The wheel hub 4 is then rotated relative to the wheelchair frame 2 under slight pressure on the wheel hub 4 toward the wheelchair frame 2 until the torque receptacle 17 aengages in the depression 42 in the wheel hub 4. Subsequently, the wheel 3 is pushed completely over the section 13 band the section 13 con the receiving element 13 as far as the stop.In order to fix the wheel in this position, the locking device 60 of the wheel hub 4, which is described in more detail in FIGS. 12 and 13, and which has already been introduced into the receiving device 13 during the previously described placement of the wheel on the adapter 10 or is introduced at the end of the mounting of the wheel hub, is now secured against the hub 4 being detached from the adapter 10 by actuating the button 52 by means of the undercut 52 and the latching elements 61 in the adapter 10.FIG. 12 shows a sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in cross section and in a detail around the first end of the receiving element 13 on the first side 11 In this figure, in particular, a locking element 60 of the wheel hub 5 also according to the invention, which locking element also independently engages into the opening 50 in the receiving element 13, is shown. For reasons of clarity, the remaining components of the wheel hub 4 have been grayed out in the illustration of FIG. 12.FIG. 12 shows the wheel hub 4 in the state in which it is mounted on the mounting device 10. The locking element 60 is inserted at least in sections into the undercut bore 50 of the receiving element 13. The locking element also has latching elements 61 which are latched to the undercut region 51 of the bore 50 in the mounted state. The latching elements 61 thus engage behind the flange 51 of the opening 50, and as a result the locking element 60 and consequently also the wheel hub 4 connected to the locking element 60 cannot be detached from the mounting device 10 counter to the placement direction 45 of the wheel hub 4 on the mounting device 10 and the receiving element 13. The locking element 60 thus brings about a positive connection of the wheel hub 4 and the mounting device 10 along the wheel hub rotational axis 15 in the pull-off direction. In this example, the locking element 60 is designed such that the latching elements 61 can be moved in the radial direction for removing the wheel hub 4 and thus release the form fit. In this way, the locking element 60 can be pulled out of the undercut bore 50 with retracted latching elements 61.FIG. 13 shows different representations of the locking element 60 from FIG. 12 in FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13C.FIGS. 13A and 13B show the locking member 60 in an open state (FIG. 13A ) and a locked state (FIG. 13B ). FIG. 13C shows individual components of the locking element 60 in an exploded illustration.The locking element 60 in the exploded view of FIG. 13C has a base body 64, which is substantially designed as a hollow cylinder. A spring element 63 is arranged in the base body, which spring element presses in the axial direction in the axial direction by a spring pressure element 62 against a bearing element 65 in which the spherical latching elements 61 are mounted. The bearing element 65 can abut an end stop 66. The bearing element 65, by virtue of its beveled, channel-shaped surface, causes a force deflection of the axially acting spring force of the spring element 63 so that the latching elements 65, which bear on the channel-shaped surface of the bearing element 65, are pressed radially outwards. By displacing the spring pressure element 62, for example by pulling, the spring element 63 can be relaxed, as a result of which the latching elements 61 can be more easily retracted in the radial direction. The locking element is shown in Figure 13A with the spring pressure element 62 displaced (pulled out), while the locking element 61 is shown in Figure 13B with the spring pressure element 62 not displaced.FIG. 13A shows the lock member 60 in an opening state in which the latch members 61 are retracted in the radial direction in the main body 64. FIG. 13B shows the locking element in a closed state in which the latching elements 61 are at least partially extended from the main body 64 in the radial direction. In this closed state, the latching elements 61 prevent the locking element 60 from being pulled out of the undercut opening 50.FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of a mounting device 10 according to the invention for fastening a wheel hub to a frame of a wheelchair according to the invention in detail, i.e. only the associated mounting device 10. A receiving element 13 is arranged on this mounting plate 18. The receiving element 13 is designed as a conically tapering hollow body which extends from the mounting plate 10 in the vertical direction along an axis 15. The receiving element 13 and the mounting device 10 have a first side 11 which faces away from the mounting plate 18 and faces a wheel to be fastened or a wheel hub to be fastened. The other side of the mounting device 10 is designated by the reference numeral 12. Oriented toward this side 12, the receiving element 13 is fastened or forms a transition to the mounting plate 18, provided it is formed integrally with the mounting plate 18.The receiving element 13 is now designed in such a way that its diameter decreases from the second side 12 to the first side 11 so that when a wheel hub is pushed on, which has a receiving opening centrally in its axis of rotation 15, the wheel hub is automatically centered. The outer surface 14 of the receiving element 13 is configured to be circular in cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation 15, with the exception of a region 27 which extends at least in sections in the longitudinal direction from the first side 11 to the second side 12. In this region 27, the surface 14 of the receiving element 13 is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 15. The region 27 has a width which, in the example of FIG. 1, is approximately 20% of the diameter of the receiving element 13 at the end of the receiving element 13 assigned to the first side 11. This portion 27 thus forms a substantially horizontal surface when the mounting plate 18 is mounted substantially vertically on one side of a wheelchair frame. This flat surface 27 serves the purpose that when a wheel hub is pushed onto the cone of the receiving element 13, the wheel hub rests on the flat surface 27 and does not slide off the cone of the receiving element 13. Due to the self-centering conical shape of the receiving element 13 and the substantially horizontal region 27, the pushing of a wheel hub onto the mounting device 10 is considerably facilitated. This makes it possible for persons with limited fine-motor system to also be able to fasten a wheel hub or a wheel on the mounting device 10 and thus on the wheelchair frame.On the mounting plate 18 there is arranged, adjacent to the receiving element 13, outside the axis 15, a receptacle 20 for a fastening means. In this example, a plug-in axle (not shown) is used as the fastening means, which at the same time serves as a torque receptacle 17 afor receiving the torque between the mounting device 10 and a wheel fastened thereto. Due to the off-center arrangement of the receptacle 20, it is possible to fix a wheel hub on the receptacle element 13 in a rotationally secure and captive manner by means of the plug-in axle. After such a fastening of the wheel hub of a wheel, the fastened wheel is usable.The mounting plate 18 and the receiving element 13 are in turn fastened to a wheelchair frame at a receiving opening for a plug-in axle which is already present at the factory. For this purpose, a plug-in axle 16 is pushed through the hollow body of the receptacle 13 and the receptacle opening, and the mounting plate 18 is thus fixed together with the receptacle element 13 on the wheelchair frame. Since a conventional plug-in axle can be used here, it is possible to use an already existing axle receptacle on the wheelchair frame for fastening the mounting plate 18 and the receiving element 13. A modification of the wheelchair frame is therefore not required for the use of the device according to the invention in FIG. 14 as an adapter for the fastening of a wheel hub or a wheel to a wheelchair frame.The receptacle 13 must be secured rotationally securely together with its mounting plate 18 on the wheelchair frame. For this purpose, the device according to the invention has a torque absorbing device 17 b. In the top view of FIG. 1, this is arranged partially behind the mounting plate 18. Of the torque-absorbing device, FIG. 1 shows only a lever arm 24 which has a slot-shaped slot 29 and a screw connection 30, which serves for connecting the torque-absorbing device 17 bto the frame of the wheelchair.The torque-absorbing device 17b can be fixed to the mounting plate 18 in various rotated positions (not shown in FIG. 14), so that the lever arm 24 can be arranged such that it extends with its end 28 in the direction of a fastening-absorbing device, for example a screw hole, which is already located on a wheelchair frame. The lever arm 24 can be fixed to this screw hole by means of the connecting element 30 and the torque receiving device 17 bcan thus be secured against rotation about the axis 15. If a torque is now exerted by a wheel hub on the receiving element 13 and thus on the mounting plate 18, this torque is transmitted to the torque receiving device 17 b, which transmits this torque further by means of the lever arm 24 and the connecting element 30 to the wheelchair frame.The lever arm 24 is provided with the slot-shaped elongated hole 29 so that the connecting element 30 can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the lever arm 24. By virtue of the pivotability of the lever arm 24 and the longitudinal adjustability of the position of the connecting element 30, the torque absorbing device can be adapted to existing fastening points of a wheelchair frame.FIG. 2 shows the same adapter device 10 as in FIG. 1, but now in a plan view onto the rear side of the mounting plate 18. the torque receiving device 17 has a round plate 17 awhich is provided with a central through-opening 21, through which the plug-in axle 16 for fastening the mounting plate 18 to the wheelchair frame is passed. Between the through-opening 21 and the outer edge of the plate 17 aof the torque-absorbing device 17 there are individual bores 23 arranged concentrically to the axis 15 adjacent to one another, which bores merge into one another and together form a groove with a wavy outer edge. On the mounting plate 18 individual knobs or protrusions (not visible in FIG. 2 ) are formed at the same radial distance as the groove 23 from the axis 15, which engage in each case one of the bores 23 of the groove with a wavy outer edge when the torque-absorbing device 17 is placed on the mounting plate 18 and thus fix the torque-absorbing device 17 to the mounting plate 18 in a rotationally secure manner. By configuring the arrangement of the bores 23 in the form of an elongate groove running concentrically in sections about the axis 15 and a plurality of such grooves, it is possible to fix the plate 17 aof the torque-absorbing device 17 to the mounting plate 18 in a plurality of different rotated positions with respect to the mounting plate 18. The lever arm 24 can thus be oriented toward an existing attachment receptacle or attachment device on a wheelchair frame.The connecting element 30 now engages in the elongated hole 29 of the lever arm 24. The connecting element 30 is in turn fixed at a fastening location of the wheelchair frame, for example a screw hole, and thus transmits a torque, which is transmitted from the mounting plate 18 to the torque receiving device 17 and from there via the lever arm 24 to the connecting element 30, further to the wheelchair frame. Due to the longitudinal displaceability of the connecting element 30 within the slot 29, not only an alignment of the lever arm 24 to an existing fastening point of the wheelchair frame, for example a screw hole, is possible, but also the distance between the mounting plate 18 and the screw hole is suitably variable.FIG. 15 shows the device according to the invention from FIG. 14 in a side plan view in the form of an exploded drawing. The connecting element 30, which is configured in the same way as in the preceding examples of FIGS. 1 to 13, has a bolt 30 awhich is configured as a hollow shaft. An insert element 30 bis inserted into this shaft 30 aand is fixed in the bolt shaft 30 ain a positive-locking manner in the direction of rotation about the axis 15 or an axis parallel thereto. The insert element 30 bhas a web 30 con the side facing away from the shank 30 a, with which web the insert element 30 bengages in the slot 29 and is slidingly displaceable in this slot 29.The insert element 30 bis secured against the insert element 30 bbeing dropped out of the slot 29 by means of a screw 30 dthat is screwed into the insert element 30 bfrom the opposite side of the lever arm 24 through the slot 29. The connecting device 30 is in turn secured to the wheelchair frame in the region of the shaft 30a by means of a nut 30e.The elements 30 a, 30 band 30 cmay be considered to be associated with the torque absorbing device 17 b, while the elements 30 aand 30 eare arranged on the wheelchair frame and may remain thereon even when the adapter 10 is changed.FIG. 16 shows a further mounting device 10 according to the invention, which is substantially similar in design to those in FIGS. 14 and 15, in a plan view of the rear side 12 of the mounting plate 18.Furthermore, the mounting plate 18 has a recess 40, in which a bushing 41 for control connections and power connections is arranged, with which control signals and electrical energy can be exchanged between a control device and a battery of the wheelchair on the one hand and an electromotive drive of a wheel hub on the other hand.

Claims

Wheelchair (1) having a wheelchair frame (2) which has a plug-in axle receptacle (6) for receiving a plug-in axle (16) for fastening a wheel (3) to the wheelchair frame (2), characterized a mounting device (10) having a first side (11) facing the wheel (3) in the mounted state and a second side (12) facing the wheelchair frame (2) in the mounted state, wherein the mounting device (10) is fastened to the wheelchair frame (2) by means of the plug axle and the plug axle receptacle, and wherein the mounting device has: a wheel receiving element (13) which is arranged on the first side (11) of the mounting device (10) and on which the wheel is storable or is supported, a first torque receiving device (17a) by means of which the mounting device is fixable or fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to the hub of the wheel (3) about the hub axle or about the wheel axle, and a second torque receiving device (17b) by means of which the mounting device (10) is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner to the wheelchair frame (2).Wheelchair (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) has a smaller outer circumference at its end (18a) oriented towards the first side than at its end (18b) oriented towards the second side, and / or in that the outer circumference of the wheel receiving element (13) increases at least in sections in the direction of the longitudinal axis extending from the first side (11) to the second side (12) of the mounting device (10).Wheelchair (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) has a first section (13a), a second section (13b) and a third section (13c), which are arranged one after the other in the direction from the first side (11) to the second side (12) of the mounting device along the wheel hub rotation axis (15), wherein in the first section (13a) the outer periphery of the wheel receiving element (13) is configured cylindrically and has a diameter D1, in the second section (13b) the outer periphery of the wheel receiving element (13) increases from a diameter D1 to a diameter D2>D1 in the direction from the first side (11) to the second side (12) of the mounting device, and in the third section (13c), the outer periphery of the wheel receiving element (13) is of cylindrical configuration and has the diameter D2.Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bya wheel (3), the wheel hub (4) of which has an opening in its wheel hub rotation axis for receiving at least one part of the wheel receiving element (13) and is connectable or connected to the mounting device (10) when the at least one part of the wheel receiving element (13) is received in the opening.Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) has, at its end facing the first side, an undercut opening (50) which is arranged or can be arranged concentrically with respect to the wheel hub rotation axis (15).Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) has on its outer surface (14) on part of its circumference perpendicular to the wheel hub axis of rotation (5) and along its longitudinal axis (15) a region (27) running substantially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation (5) over the entire length of the wheel receiving element (13).Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) has a triangular, quadrangular or other polygonal cross section of its outer surface (14) at least in sections along its longitudinal axis (15) and / or at least in sections along its circumference.Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel receiving element (13) optionally with the exception of the region (27) running substantially parallel to the wheel hub axis of rotation has a round outer cross section in sections or completely along its longitudinal axis (15).Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first torque-absorbing device (17) has a receptacle or passage for a plug-in axle, a securing bolt or one or more latching hooks.Wheelchair (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the wheel hub and / or the mounting device, in particular the wheel receiving element (13), have one or more projections (22) and / or recesses (22) and the torque receiving device (17) have one or more complementary recesses (23) and / or projections (23) which, when engaged in one another, fix the torque receiving device (17) in a rotationally fixed manner about the wheel hub rotation axis (15).Wheelchair (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first torque-absorbing device (17) has a lever arm (24), in particular a lever arm (24) which points away from the wheel-absorbing device and which has a projection at its end (28) facing away from the wheel-absorbing device, which projection, when the wheel (3) is mounted, engages in a groove in the wheel hub (4) of the wheel (3).Wheelchair (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel hub (4) has a centrally arranged locking element (60) which, in the mounted state of the wheel hub (4), engages at least in sections into the undercut of the opening (50) of the wheel receiving device, wherein the locking element (60) has latching elements (61) which, in the mounted state of the wheel hub (4), are latched to the undercut region (51) of the opening (50).Locking element (60) for locking a wheel hub on a wheel hub receptacle, characterized in that the locking element has an axle with a longitudinal direction, wherein the axle is storable or mounted on a wheel hub at its one longitudinal end, and has a plurality of latching elements (61) arranged on its circumference in the circumferential direction, said latching elements being fixable by means of an actuating device in a manner displaceable in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal direction and optionally in its state protruding from the axle in the radial direction.Locking element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the latching elements are balls or pins which, in the mounted state of the wheel hub (4) on a wheel hub receptacle, project in the radial direction from the circumference of the axis of the locking element and are latched to an undercut region (51) of the wheel hub receptacle (50).

Images