Display unit and manufacturing process

Abstract

The invention relates to a display unit (1) comprising a carrier (4) with an array (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) forming an array (6) of pixels (10.n), wherein at least one array area (6.1, 6.2) is formed from a number of first pixels (10.1) configured to emit light regularly, and at least one further array area (6.1, 6.3) is formed from a number of second pixels (10.2) configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a display unit and a method for manufacturing such a display unit.

[0002] Display units (also called display or screen), especially light-emitting diode display units (also called LED display for short), are generally known.

[0003] From DE 10 2019 005 193 A1, for example, a passenger display with a filter is known which is switchable to prevent a side view of the passenger display.

[0004] From DE 10 2023 110 269 B3, another screen with a switchable light filter with an optical element is known, in which light which falls into the optical element is transmitted or partially or completely absorbed depending on its direction of incidence and its polarization properties - not primarily, but depending on its position.

[0005] The invention is based on the objective of providing a display unit that is customized, in particular manufactured according to customer specifications. Furthermore, a simple manufacturing process for such a display unit is to be provided.

[0006] The first problem is solved according to the invention by a display unit having the features of claim 1. The second problem is solved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 7.

[0007] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0008] The display unit according to the invention comprises a carrier, in particular a carrier substrate or a carrier plate, with an array of light-emitting diodes forming an array of pixels, wherein at least one field area is formed from a number of first pixels configured to emit light regularly, and at least one further field area is formed from a number of second pixels configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner.

[0009] The array of light-emitting diodes applied to the substrate forms an individualized lighting structure or individualized LED structure (also referred to as individualized pixel structure or individualized subpixel structure) of the display unit.

[0010] The display unit is specifically designed as a micro-LED display unit (also referred to as a micro-LED display). The display unit is self-illuminating. Specifically, the display unit consists of an arrangement of numerous microscopically small light-emitting diodes as a field or array. The LEDs are individually controllable. Each LED represents a pixel on the display unit. Each LED is specifically designed as a micro-LED (also referred to as a micro-LED or µLED). To create a color display area, each LED, and thus each pixel, is composed of three subpixels in the colors red, green, and blue. These subpixels together create a full-color pixel.The advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular of a wide color spectrum, high luminance, low power consumption, possible transparency and / or a wide viewing angle, especially a customizable viewing angle.

[0011] The invention is based on the consideration that in the automotive sector, different and individual solutions are required, for example, depending on an installation location, a function, or the like, in order to provide additional functions, such as a switchable, local private function, in particular an individual light distribution function, for a passenger, in order to avoid distracting the driver when the passenger operates the display unit. To enable this, the invention provides for the display unit to be individually designed with different field areas, in particular different illuminated fields (also called illuminated areas).

[0012] In particular, the display unit can be individually configured for different functions, especially on a field-by-field basis, for example with a customized light distribution function and / or a customized light emission function. Furthermore, the display unit, designed as a micro-LED, enables flexible integration, a fast refresh rate, and / or in-panel sensor integration.

[0013] In other words, the display unit is designed as a micro-LED display with selectively or area-specifically adapted optical properties, in particular lighting functions such as adapted light distribution functions and / or adapted light emission functions, and can be used in the vehicle, for example in the cockpit. The invention can, for example, as one possible scenario, generate a locally switchable private lighting function based on pixels with RGB subpixels and an optical element, optionally in combination with a standard lighting function with standard light elements based solely on pixels with RGB subpixels. Alternatively or additionally, as another scenario, the invention can generate a light distribution function for reducing windshield reflections, based on pixels with RGB subpixels and an optical element, optionally in combination with a standard lighting function with standard light elements based solely on pixels with RGB subpixels.Both the switchable light / illumination function and the reflection-reducing light distribution function can be generated within the display area of ​​the display unit, especially in the corresponding field area.

[0014] For example, a first sub-area of ​​the first field area and / or a second field area can be configured to produce an omnidirectional light emission. In particular, the first sub-area and / or the second field area can be designed for omnidirectional light emission with corresponding color light control for a color light display. A second sub-area of ​​the first field area and / or a third field area is configured, in particular, to produce a directional light emission, especially directed only towards an observer, for example, a passenger, and / or a controllable, switchable, and / or directional light emission.For example, with the display unit activated and pixel-wise control, light refraction and / or light scattering in the second field area can cause light to escape towards the viewer in such a way that a corresponding display, for example a video stream, an image, a symbol or the like, is only visible to the viewer, such as the passenger and not to the driver.

[0015] In this advanced design, the first pixel of each display unit comprises only three subpixels (also called color pixels) for the colors red, green, and blue. The second pixel of each display unit also comprises three subpixels for the colors red, green, and blue, and at least one optical element. Specifically, the optical element is designed and / or positioned to minimize reflections of the display content onto the windshield. This reduces driver distraction. For example, one or more optical elements can be integrated within the pixels (also called pixel structure), and especially within the subpixels (also called subpixel structure), of the display unit.

[0016] For example, the optical element can be designed as an optical microstructure, in particular a surface-structured microstructure. Specifically, the optical microstructure can be refractive and / or scattering.

[0017] Alternatively or additionally, the optical element can be designed as an optical film, for example a coating made of a transparent or translucent material, or as a laminate. Furthermore, the optical element can be designed as an optical lens or the like.

[0018] The inventive method for manufacturing the display unit described above is characterized by the following steps: - Generating, in particular growing, an array of light-emitting diodes on a disk or plate, especially on a semiconductor disk made of silicon, such as on a substrate or on a wafer, mostly made of silicon, by epitaxy, - Providing a carrier or intermediate substrate, - Applying the array of light-emitting diodes to the substrate and / or the intermediate substrate, - Applying at least one optical element areawise to the field of light-emitting diodes, such that at least one first field area is formed from a number of first pixels that are configured to emit light regularly, and at least one second field area is formed from a number of second pixels that are configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner.

[0019] The field of light-emitting diodes applied to the substrate and / or the intermediate substrate forms an individualized lighting structure or individualized LED structure of the display unit.

[0020] In particular, the at least one optical element is applied only to the second field area of ​​light-emitting diodes.

[0021] The array of light-emitting diodes (also called LED wafer, LED array, or LED chip) is formed and grown by epitaxy, particularly on a disk or plate made of sapphire or silicon. The disk or plate is specifically a sapphire wafer (also called a sapphire substrate), a silicon wafer (also called a silicon substrate), a GaAS wafer (also called a GaAS substrate), or the like.

[0022] The LEDs are then transferred onto the substrate. This substrate (also called back plane, plate, substrate, layer, or similar) can be, for example, a back panel, a composite disk, a composite substrate, an outer disk, or the like. Alternatively, an intermediate substrate (also called a temporary substrate), in particular a silicon substrate, can be used.

[0023] For example, the LED chips can be applied to the substrate using a so-called pick-and-place process, in which the LED chips or LED wafers are positioned and attached to the substrate and / or an intermediate substrate.

[0024] To enable customized light distribution and / or light emission functions of the display unit, microstructures, such as micropyramids and / or microlenses, can be selectively transferred and integrated onto LED chips as optical elements. This allows the LED chips' light beams to be emitted in a specific direction and / or with a specific emission characteristic for a predetermined, customized light distribution and / or emission function. Furthermore, the optical element(s) can be used or configured to focus the emitted light accordingly to minimize losses. For example, the optical element can be designed as a collimator or a corresponding lens.

[0025] Depending on the desired function of the display unit, the manufacturing process can be varied. In particular, the invention enables a selective manufacturing process for the micro-LED display unit, whereby the array of light-emitting diodes (also referred to as a pixel structure with subpixel structure) within the display unit can be manufactured individually, especially according to customer specifications. A display area of ​​the unit can consist of regularly emitting subpixels, but also of subpixels with a specific orientation and / or specific light distribution.

[0026] The array of light-emitting diodes (also called LED chips or LED wafers) is applied to the substrate and / or intermediate substrate, for example, using a pick-and-place process. After applying the array of LEDs to the substrate and / or intermediate substrate, and before applying at least one optical element, the array can optionally be optically inspected, tested, and / or repaired. Individual optical elements can also be transferred to individual secondary pixels. In particular, the secondary pixels and the optical element(s) can be laminated into a film within the secondary array area.

[0027] In other words, various technologies and processes are possible in the production of the display unit designed as a microLED display. For example, methods such as epitaxy, photolithography, LED chip fabrication, and substrate removal (especially substrate removal) are used to create the array of LEDs on a substrate. Methods such as inspection, mass transfer of the LED chips / LED wafers onto a disk or board, such as a back plane or printed circuit board (PCB), can be used to apply the LED arrays (= LED chips / LED wafers) to a disk or board, such as a back plane or a printed circuit board.

[0028] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

[0029] This shows: Fig. 1 Schematic top view of a display unit, Fig. 2. Schematic top view of an individualized lighting structure of the display unit, Fig. 3 schematically a viewer's field of vision on a display unit, Fig. 4 schematically an example of the viewer's field of vision with different light distribution functions of an individualized display unit, Fig. 5 schematically shows another example of the viewer's field of vision with additional light distribution functions of an individualized display unit, Fig. 6. Schematic in perspective view, an example of an individualized lighting structure of the display unit for the exemplary field of view according to Fig. 5, Fig. 7 schematically another example of the viewer's field of vision with a light distribution function of an individualized display unit, Fig. 8. Schematic in perspective view, an example of an individualized lighting structure of the display unit for the exemplary field of view according to Fig. 7, Fig. 9 schematically another example of the viewer's field of vision with a light distribution function of an individualized display unit, Fig. 10. Schematic, perspective view of an example of an individualized lighting structure of the display unit for the exemplary field of view according to Fig. 9, Fig. 11 a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment for a manufacturing process of a display unit, Fig. 12 a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of a manufacturing process for a display unit, and Fig. 13 a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of a manufacturing process for a display unit.

[0030] Corresponding parts are marked with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0031] Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows a top view of a display unit 1. The display unit 1 can be integrated into a vehicle. In particular, the display unit 1 can be integrated into the vehicle in such a way that it is positioned within the field of vision 100 of an observer 200, especially a vehicle occupant, for example, a passenger and / or driver. The display unit 1 can be an output unit of a multimedia / infotainment system. The display unit 1 is, in particular, a screen or a monitor. Additionally, the display unit 1 can also be designed as a touchscreen for use by a hand 202 of the observer 200 and thus as a combined input and output unit.

[0032] The display unit 1 is designed, for example, as a micro-LED unit (also referred to as a micro-LED / µLED display). In particular, the display unit 1 is self-illuminating.

[0033] Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows a top view of an individualized lighting structure 2 of the display unit 1.

[0034] The display unit 1 comprises at least one carrier disk 4 (also referred to as the display backplane) with an array 6 of LEDs 8.1 to 8.n, which form an array 6 of pixels 10.1 to 10.n. The carrier disk 4 with the array 6 of LEDs 8.1 to 8.n mounted on the carrier disk 4 as pixels 10.1 to 10.n forms the light structure 12 (also called the LED structure), which, as described below, is customizable. The light structure 2 forms a self-illuminating display area of ​​the display unit 1.

[0035] In particular, the display unit 1 is formed from an arrangement of a multitude of microscopically small light-emitting diodes 8.n as a field 6 or as an array. The light-emitting diodes 8.n are individually controllable. Each light-emitting diode 8.n represents a pixel 10.n on the display unit 1. The respective light-emitting diode 8.n is specifically designed as a micro-light-emitting diode (also referred to as micro-LED or µLED). To generate a color display area, each light-emitting diode 8.n, and thus each pixel 10.n, is formed from three subpixels 14 in the colors red, green, and blue. Each of the three subpixels 14 generates one of the pixels 10.n as a full-color pixel. A first subpixel 14.1 generates the color red. A second subpixel 14.2 generates the color green, and a third subpixel 14.3 generates the color blue.

[0036] The display unit 1, designed as a µLED display, comprises the light structure 12, which consists of a regular R / G / B pixel structure for a so-called "Public Mode" and another R / G / B pixel structure with additional optical elements 16 for an individualized light function (also called individualized light function) for a so-called "Private Mode".

[0037] For this purpose, field 6 has, for example, at least one first field area 6.1, which in a first sub-area 6.1.1 is formed from a number of first light-emitting diodes 8.1 as first pixels 10.1, in particular as regular pixels, which are configured to emit light regularly. Additionally, the first field area 6.1 comprises in a second sub-area 6.1.2 a number of second light-emitting diodes 8.2 as second pixels 10.2, in particular from subpixels, which are configured to emit light optically adapted for an individualized lighting function. This first field area 6.1 is thus available to both the driver and the passenger as viewers 200 (in Fig. (1 shown) of display unit 1. This first field area 6.1 is individually controllable pixel by pixel. That is, both the first pixels 10.1, in particular the regular pixels, and the second pixels 10.2, in particular subpixels, are individually controllable.

[0038] Field 6 includes at least one second field area 6.2 (in Fig. 6 shown), which is formed from a number of first light-emitting diodes 8.1 as first pixels 10.1, in particular regular pixels, which are configured to emit light regularly. The second field area 6.2 has no special function, but is a public pixel mode (R, G, B) and can be configured to be visible to both the driver and the passenger as viewers 200 of the display unit 1.

[0039] Field 6 can contain a third field area 6.3 (in Fig. (10 shown) comprise a number of second light-emitting diodes 8.2 as second pixels 10.2, in particular subpixels, which are configured to emit light optically adapted for a further or different individualized light function. The third field area 6.3 with subpixels is configured to generate an individualized light distribution function 300, for example as a privacy pixel mode (R, G, B), which is visible, for example, only to the front passenger or another occupant.

[0040] The first sub-area 6.1.1 of the first field area 6.1 and / or the second field area 6.2 are / are, for example, regularly visible in so-called Public Mode to the driver and the passenger or another occupant as viewer 200 of the display unit 1.

[0041] The second sub-area 6.1.2 of the first field area 6.1 and the third field area 6.3 is only visible to the passenger or another occupant as viewer 200 of the display unit 1 in the so-called Privacy Mode.

[0042] In other words, only the second sub-area 6.1.2 of the first field area 6.1, in particular the one with the second pixels 10.2 as subpixels, and the third field area 6.3, which is also equipped with second pixels 10.2 as subpixels, are customizable and can be configured to emit light with a customized light distribution function 300, in particular to modulate a beam characteristic. The first sub-area 6.1.1 of the first field area 6.1 with regular first pixels 10.1 and the second field area 6.2 with regular first pixels 10.1 are configured for a normal light distribution, in particular without customization.

[0043] Thus, in the entire field 6, only two pixel areas are visible at any given time: either the regularly emitting first pixels 10.1 of the first field area 6.1 and the second field area 6.2, or the second pixels 10.2 of the first field area 6.1 and the third field area 6.3. For example, the regularly emitting first pixels 10.1 can be larger than the individually emitting subpixels of the second pixels 10.2 for a normal light distribution.

[0044] To produce such a luminaire structure 12 with field areas 6.m for individualized lighting functions, the associated light-emitting diodes 8.1 to 8.n can be selectively and individually manufactured and transferred to the carrier disk 4, as shown by the Fig. 11, Fig. 12 to Fig. 13 is described in more detail.

[0045] The display unit 1 is individually configured for different functions, for example with an adapted light distribution function 300 and / or with an adapted light emission function 302, by means of the different field areas 6.n, in particular field area by field area.

[0046] For example, the first field area 6.1, in particular the sub-area 6.1.1 with regular first pixels 10.1, can be configured to produce an omnidirectional light emission (an omnidirectional propagation characteristic). Likewise, the second field area 6.2 is configured for omnidirectional light emission. In particular, the first sub-area 6.1.1 of the first field area 6.1 and / or the second field area 6.2 can be configured for omnidirectional light emission with corresponding color light control for a color light display.

[0047] The second sub-area 6.1.2 of the first field area 6.1, in particular the sub-area equipped with the second pixels 10.2 as subpixels, and / or the third field area 6.3 are / are specifically configured to produce a light emission directed, in particular only, towards the viewer 200 and / or a controllable, switchable and / or directed light emission. For example, with display unit 1 activated and pixel-by-pixel control, light refraction and / or light scattering in the second sub-area 6.1.2 and in the third field area 6.3 can produce a light emission towards the viewer 200 in such a way, for example, that a corresponding display, such as a video stream, an image, a symbol, or the like, is visible only to the viewer 200, such as the passenger, and not to the driver. The second pixels 10.2 with individualized light distribution are specifically designed and controllable to modulate a beam characteristic.

[0048] The in Fig. The example shown in point 2 can, when divided into two light distribution functions, have 300 equally sized field areas 6.m (also called pixel fields). Alternatively, these can also be of different sizes. Furthermore, a pixel 10.n can be divided into three or more pixel fields with individualized light distribution functions 300.

[0049] Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows an example of the field of view 100 of viewer 200 on the display unit 1 (shown in Fig. 1) The field of view 100 is described below using three mutually perpendicular spatial directions. A first spatial direction x runs largely horizontally in the display unit 1 installed in the vehicle and preferably parallel to a longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which corresponds to the vehicle's usual direction of travel. A second spatial direction y, perpendicular to the first spatial direction x, is also horizontally oriented in the vehicle and runs parallel to a transverse direction of the vehicle. A third spatial direction z runs perpendicular to the first spatial direction x and perpendicular to the second spatial direction y in a vertical direction, preferably parallel to a vertical axis of the vehicle.

[0050] Fig. Figure 4 schematically shows an example of the viewing field 100 of the viewer 200 with various light distribution functions 300.1 to 300.4 of the display unit 1 (in Fig. 1 shown), which is manufactured accordingly and accordingly first field areas 6.1 (in Fig. 2 shown) and second field areas 6.2 (in Fig. 6 shown) includes.

[0051] For example, the display unit 1 comprises a first field area 6.1 divided into the two sub-areas 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. The first sub-area 6.1.1 is configured, when activated and controlled accordingly, to generate a first light distribution function 300.1 with standard illumination, in particular a standard light distribution and standard light emission, which in particular causes an omnidirectional light emission, in particular an essentially circular light emission (also called Lambertian light distribution according to Lambert's law).

[0052] Furthermore, the display unit 1 can display second sub-areas 6.1.2 of the first field area 6.1 and / or third field areas 6.3 (in Fig. (10 shown) comprise, which, when activated and appropriately controlled, are configured to generate a second light distribution function 300.2 with an individualized light distribution and emission to reduce windshield reflections, resulting, for example, in a controllable and directed light emission, in particular essentially an oval light emission. Specifically, the corresponding light distribution and emission of the second light distribution function 300.2 does not extend into an area of ​​the windshield, but largely into the field of vision 100 of the viewer 200 without generating reflections.

[0053] Alternatively or additionally, the display unit 1 can comprise second sub-areas 6.1.2 and / or third field areas 6.3, which, when activated and appropriately controlled, are configured to generate a third light distribution function 300.3 with an individualized, switchable light distribution and emission, resulting, for example, in a controllable and switched directed light emission, in particular essentially an oval light emission. Alternatively or additionally, third field areas 6.3 can be activated and thus switched and controlled, in particular with regard to their intensity and / or luminous intensity, independently of second field areas 6.2, in an event-controlled manner, in particular depending on a vehicle environment, a vehicle state, or the like. The first field area 6.1 is a complete pixel 10.n, which is formed from first pixels 10.1 and second pixels 10.2 configured as subpixels.

[0054] Alternatively or additionally, the display unit 1 can comprise any combination of first field areas 6.1, in particular subdivided into first sub-areas 6.1.1 and second sub-areas 6.1.2, second field areas 6.2 and / or third field areas 6.3, which, when activated and appropriately controlled, are configured to generate, as a fourth light distribution function 300.4, a combination of the second light distribution function 300.2 and the third light distribution function 300.3 with an individualized switchable light distribution and light emission to reduce windshield reflections, which, for example, results in a controllable and switched directed light emission, in particular essentially such a light emission that is an intersection of the light emission of the second light distribution function 300.2 and the light emission of the third light distribution function 300.3. In other words: The first field areas 6.1, the second field areas 6.2 and / or the third field areas 6.3 can be arranged such that only an overlapping light emission area of ​​the second light distribution function 300.2 and the third light distribution function 300.3 is visible in the field of view 100 of the viewer 200.

[0055] Fig. Figure 5 schematically shows another example of the field of vision 100 of the viewer 200 (in Fig. 1 shown) with the two light distribution functions 300.1 and 300.3 of the individualized display unit 1 (in Fig. 1 shown). The display unit 1 accordingly comprises a first light structure 12.1 (shown in Fig. 6), which is set up in such a way that only the first light distribution function 300.1 is generated as the standard light distribution and the third light distribution function 300.3 as an individualized switchable light distribution.

[0056] Fig. Figure 6 schematically shows in perspective an example of the individualized first light structure 12.1 of the display unit 1 (shown in Fig. 1) for the exemplary field of vision 100 according to Fig. 5.

[0057] The first luminaire structure 12.1 comprises 300.1 for generating the first light distribution function (shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) the first field area 6.1, formed from two sub-areas 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. The first sub-area 6.1.1 with first pixels 10.1 and associated three subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 for the colors red, green, and blue, is configured for a standard light distribution and standard light emission. This first sub-area 6.1.1 comprises a plurality of first pixels 10.1 as first light-emitting diodes 8.1 (in Fig. 2 shown), which directly emit a corresponding light into the field of view 100.

[0058] The first luminaire structure 12.1 also includes, in addition to generating the third light distribution function 300.3 (shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) the second sub-area 6.1.2 with second pixels 10.2 and associated three subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 for the colors red, green and blue as well as optical elements 16. For example, one associated optical element 16 can be provided for each subpixel 14.1 to 14.3.

[0059] The respective optical element 16 in combination with the associated light-emitting second pixels 10.2 can be configured / designed and / or arranged such that the light emitted by the second pixels 10.2 is directed only towards the viewer 200 (in Fig. 1 shown), for example, of a passenger or co-passenger, is directed and exits, and that this light emission is controllable and switchable independently of the first sub-area 6.1.1 and the first pixels 10.1.

[0060] For example, with display unit 1 activated and pixel-wise control of the second sub-area 6.1.2, the light emission towards the viewer 200 can be individualized by light refraction and / or light scattering in such a way that a corresponding display, for example a video stream, an image, a symbol or the like, is only visible and can be switched on or off for the viewer 200, such as the passenger and not for the driver.

[0061] A basic display, such as a navigation map, can continue to be emitted into the field of view 100 in a corresponding area, independently of the second sub-area 6.1.2, via the light emitted by the first sub-area 6.1.1.

[0062] Fig. Figure 7 schematically shows another example of the field of view 100 of the viewer 200 (in Fig. 1 shown) only with the second light distribution function 300.2 of the correspondingly individualized display unit 1 (in Fig. 1 shown) with a correspondingly constructed second lighting structure 12.2, as shown in Fig. 8 is shown.

[0063] Fig. Figure 8 shows a schematic, perspective view of an example of the individualized second lighting structure 12.2 for the exemplary field of view 100 according to Fig. 7.

[0064] The second luminaire structure 12.2 comprises 300.2 for generating the second light distribution function (shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 7) the second field area 6.2 with a first pixel 10.1 and associated three subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 for the colors red, green and blue. To generate the second light distribution function 300.2 for reducing windshield reflections, the second field area 6.2 additionally includes corresponding optical elements 16, each assigned to one of the subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 of the first pixel 10.1 and positioned upstream of the first pixel 10.1 and thus the first light-emitting diode 8.1 in the light-exit area.

[0065] The respective optical element 16 is configured and / or arranged such that reflections of the display content of the display unit 1 on a windshield are minimized. This can reduce driver distraction. For example, one or more optical elements 16 can be integrated on or within the second pixel 10.2, in particular on or within subpixels 14.1 to 14.3.

[0066] For example, the respective optical element 16 can be configured as an optical microstructure, in particular a surface-structured microstructure. Specifically, the optical microstructure can be configured to refract and / or scatter light.

[0067] Alternatively or additionally, the respective optical element 16 can be used for both the first luminaire structure 12.1 according to Fig. 6 or for the second lighting structure 12.2 after Fig. 8 may be configured as an optical film, for example a coating made of a transparent or translucent material, or as a laminate. Furthermore, the respective optical element 16 may be configured as an optical lens or the like.

[0068] Fig. Figure 9 schematically shows another example of the field of view 100 of the viewer 200 (in Fig. 1 shown) with the fourth light distribution function 300.4 of a correspondingly individualized display unit 1 (in Fig. 1 shown).

[0069] Fig. Figure 10 schematically shows in perspective an example of a correspondingly individualized third lighting structure 12.3 of the display unit 1 (in Fig. 1 shown) for the exemplary field of view 100 according to Fig. 9.

[0070] To generate the fourth light distribution function 300.4 (in Fig. 4 shown), which is a combination of the second light distribution function 300.2 (in Fig. 4 shown) and the third light distribution function 300.3 (in Fig. 4 shown), the display unit 1 can include second field areas 6.2 and third field areas 6.3, which are set up, when activated and controlled accordingly, as a fourth light distribution function 300.4 (in Fig. 4 shown) the combination of the second light distribution function 300.2 and the third light distribution function 300.3 with a correspondingly individualized switchable light distribution and light emission to reduce windshield reflections.

[0071] The second field areas 6.2 and / or third field areas 6.3 are arranged such that only an overlapping light emission area of ​​the second light distribution function 300.2 and the third light distribution function 300.3 as fourth light distribution function 300.4 is visible in the field of view 100 of the viewer 200.

[0072] The second field area 6.2 comprises regularly emitting, first light-emitting diodes 8.1 as first pixels 10.1 with associated subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 for the colors red, green and blue and optical elements 16 assigned to each of the subpixels 14.1 to 14.3, such as lenses, microstructures or the like.

[0073] The third field area 6.3 comprises individualized or optically adapted, emitting second light-emitting diodes 8.2 as second pixels 10.2 with associated subpixels 14.1 to 14.3 for the colors red, green and blue and optical elements 16 assigned to each of the subpixels 14.1 to 14.3, such as lenses, microstructures or the like.

[0074] The second field area 6.2 is designed for generating the second light distribution function 300.2 for reducing wind reflections, and the third field area 6.3 is designed for generating the third light distribution function 300.3 for switchable individualized light distribution and light emission, whereby, when the display unit 1 is activated, the generated light emission area overlaps to generate the fourth light distribution function 300.4, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 9 shown.

[0075] Fig. Figure 11 shows a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment for a manufacturing process of the previously described display unit 1 with individualized luminous structure 12 to be produced.

[0076] In a first step S1, the field 6 of light-emitting diodes 8.n is generated (also called growing) on ​​a disk 18, in particular a wafer or a substrate, by epitaxy, so that in the second step S2 the light-emitting diodes 8.n are formed on the disk 18. These steps S1 and S2 are carried out separately and independently for the different field regions 6.1 to 6.n (in Fig. 10 shown) of the luminous structure 12 to be produced. The light-emitting diodes 8.n are printed onto the disc 18 as an integrated circuit and as an LED chip.

[0077] For example, disk 18 is used as a sapphire wafer / sapphire substrate or a silicon wafer / silicon substrate.

[0078] For further use of these light-emitting diodes 8.n manufactured as LED chips, the disk 18, which serves as a substrate, is removed.

[0079] In the third step S3, the carrier 4, in particular a back panel, a composite disk, an outer disk or the like of the display unit 1, is provided and the generated field 6 of light-emitting diodes 8.n (= LED chips without substrate) is applied to the carrier 4, in particular by a so-called mass transfer process, for example a pick-and-place process, and is attached, in particular by means of a stamp 20.

[0080] Subsequently, the LEDs 8.n can be inspected and tested in an optional fourth step S4. In an optional fifth step S5, defective LEDs 8.n can be repaired.

[0081] To individualize the field 6 of light-emitting diodes 8.n, in a sixth step S6 at least one planar optical element 16 can be applied to the field 6 of light-emitting diodes 8.n in a specific area, in particular by shaping, stamping, gluing or the like, such that at least one first field area 6.1 is formed from a number of first pixels 10.1 that are configured to emit light regularly, and at least one second field area 6.2 is formed from a number of second pixels 10.2 that are configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner.

[0082] In the seventh step S7, the generated light structure 12 is used and installed as a module in the display unit 1.

[0083] Fig. Figure 12 shows a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment for a manufacturing process of the display unit 1.

[0084] Steps S1 to S5 are the same as in the procedure according to Fig. 11. In the sixth step S6, instead of a single planar optical element 16, several optical elements 16, in particular optical microstructures, optical microlenses, or the like, are each assigned to a second pixel 10.2 and applied to it using an optical carrier 22. The application of the optical elements 16 can be individually adapted according to specifications, in particular customer requirements, system needs, or the like. Various multifunctional optical elements 16 can be applied to the respective second pixel 10.2 and thus to the respective light-emitting diode 8.n. The placement of the optical elements 16 on the second pixel 10.2 can be carried out selectively and individually on the carrier 4.

[0085] In the seventh step S7, the generated light structure 12 is used and installed as a module in the display unit 1.

[0086] Fig. Figure 13 shows a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment for a manufacturing process of the display unit 1.

[0087] This method differs in the third step S3 in that the light-emitting diodes 8.n produced on the disk 18 are not applied to the carrier 4, but to an intermediate substrate 24, and the light-emitting diodes 8.n on the intermediate substrate 24 are formed as LED chips according to arrow 26, onto which the optical elements 16 are then applied in an analogous manner in the sixth step S6.

[0088] Subsequently, the LEDs 8.n are optionally inspected, tested and / or repaired in the fourth and fifth steps S4, S5.

[0089] Subsequently, in the sixth step S6, the optical elements 16 are applied to the LEDs 8.n in an analogous manner, specifically in an additional intermediate step ZS by stamping, pressing, gluing, or similar methods onto the LEDs 8.n using the stamp 20. The intermediate substrate 24 is then removed in intermediate step ZS. Optionally, the optical elements 16 can be pressed onto the LEDs 8.n again using the stamp 20 and attached to them.

[0090] The optical elements 16 can be individually directed to the second pixels 10.2 (in Fig. 2 shown) can be transferred or applied and attached. For example, the second pixels 10.2 and the optical elements 16 can also be laminated to form a film of the light structure 12.

[0091] In the seventh step S7, the generated light structure 12 is used and installed as a module in the display unit 1.

[0092] All methods have in common that 16 optical microstructures, optical lenses, optical films or the like are used as optical elements and are directed onto the light-emitting diodes 8.n, in particular onto the second pixels 10.2 in the first field area 6.1 and in the third field area 6.3 (in Fig. 2 shown) transferred and applied, in particular printed, laminated or foiled. Reference symbol list 1 display unit 2 Light structure 4 Carrier disc 6 field 6.m Field areas 6.1 first field area 6.1.1 first sub-area 6.1.2 second sub-area 6.2 second field area 6.3 third field area 8.n Light-emitting diode 8.1 first light-emitting diode 8.2 second LED 10.n pixels 10.1 first pixels 10.2 second pixels 12 Light structure 12.1 First lighting structure 12.2 second lighting structure 12.3 third lighting structure 14 subpixels 14.1 first subpixel 14.2 second subpixel 14.3 third subpixel 16 optical element 18 disc 20 stamps 22 optical carriers 24 Intermediate substrate 26 Arrow 100 field of view 200 viewers 202 Hand of the viewer 300 light distribution function 300.1 first light distribution function 300.2 first light distribution function 300.3 first light distribution function 300.4 first light distribution function 302 Light emission function S1 to S7 steps ZS intermediate step x first spatial direction y second spatial direction z third spatial direction QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2019 005 193 A1

[0003] DE 10 2023 110 269 B3

[0004]

Claims

Display unit (1) comprising a carrier (4) with an array (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) forming an array (6) of pixels (10.n), characterized in that at least one array area (6.1, 6.2) is formed from a number of first pixels (10.1) configured to emit light regularly, and at least one further array area (6.1, 6.3) is formed from a number of second pixels (10.2) configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner. Display unit (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first field area (6.1) is configured to produce an undirected light emission and the second field area (6.2) is configured to produce a light emission directed towards a viewer (200) and / or a controllable, switchable and / or directed light emission. Display unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the respective first pixel (10.1) comprises only three subpixels (14.1 to 14.3) and the respective second pixel (10.2) comprises three subpixels (14.1 to 14.3) and at least one optical element (16). Display unit (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical element (16) is an optical microstructure which is designed to refract and / or scatter light. Display unit (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the optical element (16) is designed as an optical film. Display unit (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the optical element (16) is designed as an optical lens. Method for manufacturing a display unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps: - Generating an array (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) on a disk (18) by epitaxy, - Providing a carrier (4), - Applying the array (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) to the carrier (4), - Applying at least one optical element (16) area by area to the array (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n), such that at least one array area (6.1, 6.2) is formed from a number of first pixels (10.1) configured to emit light regularly, and at least one further array area (6.1, 6.3) is formed from a number of second pixels (10.2) configured to emit light in an optically adapted manner. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that after applying the field (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) to the substrate (4) and / or an intermediate substrate (24) and before applying the at least one optical element (16) the field (6) of light-emitting diodes (8.n) is optionally examined, tested and / or repaired. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that individual optical elements (16) are transferred to individual second pixels (10.2). Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that in the field area (6.1, 6.2) the second pixels (10.2) and the optical element(s) (16) are laminated to form a film.

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