Device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components and method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components

Abstract

Device (1) for particle-based additive manufacturing of components, comprising a manufacturing space (3) surrounded by a wall (5), a manufacturing platform (7), the manufacturing platform (7) being arranged in the manufacturing space and forming a manufacturing surface (7a) arranged parallel to or in a manufacturing plane, and at least one directed energy source (9) for providing conversion energy for converting particulate manufacturing material arranged on the manufacturing surface (7a), characterized in that the manufacturing plane extends vertically or at an angle of ±10° to the vertical, and in that the manufacturing platform (7) is open-pored and fluid-permeable, particulate manufacturing material being able to be arranged on the manufacturing surface (7a) and fixed thereto by means of a fluid flow onto the manufacturing surface (7a) and through the manufacturing platform (7).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components and a method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components.

[0002] Well-known particle-based additive manufacturing processes for components include powder bed processes, in which powdered starting materials are selectively melted using a laser. In this process, powder is applied layer by layer to a powder bed, and the areas of the top layer belonging to the component are fused by a laser beam before the next layer is applied. Such processes can also be used to produce metal components, for example.

[0003] From DE 10 2012 109 262 A1, for example, it is known to arrange a powder bed in a container that is open at the top and to stabilize it at the bottom by means of negative pressure.

[0004] A multitude of different powders exist as manufacturing materials, differing in chemical composition, shape, and size distribution of the individual particles. Each of these parameters has a significant influence on the properties and behavior of the powder and its processing or transformation. The parameters of the powders before they are fed into the respective manufacturing process are therefore known. It is also known that the manufactured components are examined microscopically or subjected to mechanical material testing, for example.

[0005] Observations of the processes during an actual machining process, i.e. during the conversion of particulate production material into a component, do not take place to a large extent and, if they do, then at most as superficial observation using a camera system.

[0006] The above-mentioned systems and methods are part of the applicant's general knowledge and are not necessarily published or do not relate to a specific state of the art.

[0007] The problem with known powder bed processes is that the removal of excess particulate production material after processing a layer or after completion of the component is often difficult. Furthermore, the prior art arrangement of a directed energy source, such as a laser, above the powder bed to provide conversion energy for converting the particulate production material involves increased equipment complexity.

[0008] WO 2018 / 001 705 A1 discloses a device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components with the features of the preamble of claim 1. DE 10 2012 109 262 A1 discloses a device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components, in which a manufactured layer is held to a filter by means of negative pressure in order to avoid support elements.

[0009] In addition, it would be desirable if observation of the processes during the actual machining process could be improved.

[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components that has a simplified structure. Preferably, this device should enable observation during the machining process. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components using such a device.

[0011] The device according to the invention for particle-based additive manufacturing of components is defined by the features of claim 1.

[0012] The inventive method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components is defined by the features of claim 16.

[0013] The device according to the invention for particle-based additive manufacturing of components comprises a production space surrounded by a wall and a production platform arranged in the production space and forming a production surface. The production surface is arranged parallel to or in a production plane. The device according to the invention further comprises at least one directed energy source for providing conversion energy for converting particulate production material arranged on the production surface.

[0014] The invention is characterized in that the production plane extends vertically or at an angle of ±10° to the vertical and that the production platform is open-pored and fluid-permeable, wherein particulate production material can be arranged on the production surface and fixed to it by means of a fluid flow, preferably by means of a gas flow, onto the production surface and through the production platform.

[0015] Arranging the production plane vertically or at an angle of ±10° to the vertical advantageously allows the directed energy source to be positioned horizontally next to the production platform, thereby reducing the equipment required. By designing the production platform with open pores and fluid permeability, the fluid flow advantageously presses the particulate production material onto the production surface, ensuring it is held there and prevents it from falling off.After the production of a layer or the component, excess particulate production material can be easily removed from the production surface by switching off the fluid flow. This material falls off the production surface due to gravity or only a slight vibration of the production platform is necessary to remove it from the production surface.

[0016] Preferably, the production platform is translationally movable in a production position, wherein the production platform moves the production surface parallel to or in the production plane, and different areas of the production surface can be exposed to the conversion energy of the directed energy source. In other words, during the irradiation of the particulate production material, the production platform can be moved at least in two axes relative to the directed energy source, so that the desired areas of the production surface, and thus the particulate production material arranged thereon, are exposed to the conversion energy and are converted.

[0017] It can also be provided that the production platform is designed to be rotatable about a rotational axis running orthogonally to the production plane. In this case, there is a translational and a rotational movement parallel to or in the production plane. In other words, the production platform can rotate continuously, with the directed energy source providing conversion energy. The vertical position of the production platform can be varied by means of the translational movement of the production platform. This allows, for example, rotationally symmetrical components to be manufactured.

[0018] The production platform can be designed to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the production plane. In other words, the production platform can also be movable along three axes. This allows, for example, after applying another layer of powder, the production platform to be moved slightly away from the directed energy source, so that the top layer of particulate production material is always in the focus of the directed energy source.

[0019] It can also be provided that, in the production position, the production platform is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation, wherein the production platform arranges the production surface at an angle to the production plane and aligns it with the directed energy source. In some applications, it may be necessary for the production surface to no longer be arranged parallel to or in the production plane, but at an angle, for example in order to irradiate certain areas of parts of the production surface covered with production material using the directed energy source. Preferably, the production platform is rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein, for example, the production surface can be arranged at an angle of up to ±25° to the production plane.

[0020] Preferably, a storage container for the particulate production material is provided, wherein the production container has a closable outlet opening through which particulate production material can be removed from the storage container and supplied to the production area. The production platform can be moved from the production position, in which the production area can be exposed to the conversion energy of the directed energy source, to a loading position in which the production area is positioned at the outlet opening. In other words, the production platform can be moved to the loading position, and then, by means of the fluid flow, particulate production material can be transported from the storage container to the production area and arranged thereon.The production platform, with the production material arranged on the production surface, can then be moved into the production position, with the fluid flow maintained during the process. A lid, for example, can be provided to close the reservoir. The lid can, for example, be moved through the production platform to open the outlet opening.

[0021] In principle, it is also possible for the storage container to be movable and to be moved to supply the production material to the production platform in order to be positioned with the outlet opening aligned with the production surface.

[0022] To provide the fluid flow, it can be provided, for example, that a fluid outlet is arranged on the production platform, which discharges the fluid flow on the side of the production platform facing away from the production surface, so that it is guided out of the production space. The fluid flow can then be fed into the production space at another point through the wall. In principle, it is also possible for the fluid flow to be fed to both the production space and the production container. For example, it can be provided that for loading the production platform with production material, in the loading position of the production platform, the fluid flow is fed into the production space through the storage container and after loading of the production platform is complete, the fluid flow is fed into the production space at another point.For example, the fluid flow can be generated by a fluid conveying device, such as a blower or a pump, wherein the blower or pump is connected to the fluid outlet of the manufacturing platform.

[0023] For example, the production platform can be moved in a vertical direction from the production position to the loading position and back.

[0024] Preferably, a negative pressure can be generated on the side of the production platform facing away from the production surface, by means of which particulate production material can be sucked onto the production surface and fixed thereto. In principle, it can thus be provided that the fluid flow is generated by a negative pressure.

[0025] In the context of the invention, the production area is the area on which the conversion of the particulate production material takes place. The production area can thus be part of the production platform, but can also be formed at least partially from a layer of already converted production material during the production of the component if this layer serves as the basis for a further layer of particulate production material.

[0026] The directed energy source can be, for example, a laser light source or an electron beam source.

[0027] The directed energy source can, for example, be arranged stationary relative to its surroundings. The movable design of the production platform thus allows for relative movement to the stationary directed energy source, allowing the conversion energy to be radiated to different areas of the production area, allowing production material located at these locations to be converted.

[0028] Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that the directed energy source is arranged in a movable manner.

[0029] The directed energy source can be located within the production area. However, it is also possible to locate the directed energy source outside the production area, with the conversion energy being radiated into the production area and onto the production area through a suitable window.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, an optical image recording device is provided, wherein the image recording device records image data of a point of incidence of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the production material arranged on the production surface. The image data are preferably recorded in an enlarged manner. The optical image recording device can be, for example, a microscope.

[0031] Using the optical image recording device, the conversion process of the particulate production material due to the conversion energy can be optically recorded and thus observed and evaluated. For example, the image data can be used for optical quality control. For example, shortly before irradiating the production material with the conversion energy, it can be optically checked whether sufficient powder is present on the production surface. After irradiation with conversion energy, the optical image recording device can be used to check whether, for example, sufficient conversion of the particulate production material has occurred and, more generally, whether the desired quality of the converted layer or the manufactured component has been achieved.

[0032] The optical image recording device can, for example, be arranged parallel to the directed energy source. In the case of a movable directed energy source, the image recording device can, for example, be moved together with the directed energy source, so that even after the directed energy source has been moved, the image recording device is aligned with the point of impact of the conversion energy of the directed energy source.

[0033] In the context of the present invention, the parallel arrangement between the optical image recording device and the directed energy source means that the optical image recording device is arranged next to the directed energy source and is oriented in the same direction as the directed energy source. This does not necessarily mean that a central axis or an optical axis of the optical image recording device runs parallel to the central axis or optical axis of the directed energy source; rather, a small angle of, for example, a maximum of 10° can also exist between these axes.

[0034] Preferably, the device according to the invention comprises a synchrotron radiation source arranged outside the production space, wherein the wall comprises a synchrotron radiation entrance window transparent to synchrotron radiation and a synchrotron radiation exit window transparent to synchrotron radiation for reflected or scattered synchrotron radiation, wherein the synchrotron radiation source is alignable to an impingement point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface, and a detector for detecting the reflected or scattered synchrotron radiation.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the device according to the invention comprises a neutron radiation source which is arranged outside the production space, wherein the wall has a neutron radiation entrance window which is transparent to neutron radiation and a neutron radiation exit window for scattered neutron radiation which is transparent to neutron radiation, wherein the neutron radiation source can be aligned to an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface, and a detector for detecting the scattered neutron radiation.

[0036] The provision of a synchrotron radiation source and / or a neutron radiation source enables the analysis of structural processes during the transformation, particularly during melting and solidification, of the production material by detecting reflected or scattered synchrotron radiation or scattered neutron radiation and correspondingly evaluating the data. This allows the properties of the starting material and / or process parameters to be optimized. The neutron radiation is reflected and scattered by the transformed production material, and internal material stresses in the transformed production material can be observed based on the detected scattered neutron radiation. Since these internal stresses have a direct impact on material properties such as fracture strength or corrosion behavior, the information obtained in this way can be used to predict potential premature component failure.

[0037] The synchrotron radiation source and / or the neutron radiation source can also be directed to a point at a fixed distance from the point of impact of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface. In other words, reflected or scattered synchrotron or neutron radiation can also be detected from an area of ​​the production surface located along the path of the directed energy source for converting the production material on the production level. The inventive device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components thus enables the observation of the complete conversion process of the starting material from the melt to the solidified solid.

[0038] For observing the structural processes during conversion using neutron scattering, the design of the production platform, which can rotate around an axis orthogonal to the production plane, is particularly advantageous. Acquiring an image of the scattered neutron radiation sometimes requires acquisition times of between 1.5 and 5 minutes. The rotatable production platform allows a circular or spiral path to be converted on the platform. This allows the conversion process to be maintained at a stable location over a long period of time.

[0039] For the purposes of the invention, an entrance or exit window transparent to synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation is understood to mean a transparency of at least 85% of the corresponding radiation.

[0040] Preferably, it is provided that the directed energy source is arranged stationary in the production space and the production space is rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the synchrotron radiation entry window and / or the neutron radiation entry window has a slot shape directed in the horizontal direction.

[0041] This makes it possible to advantageously align the synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation onto the production platform by rotating the entire production space, including the production platform and the directed energy source contained therein.

[0042] The invention particularly advantageously provides that, after rotation of the production chamber and corresponding alignment of the synchrotron radiation and / or the neutron radiation, the directed energy source and the synchrotron radiation source and / or the neutron radiation source remain aligned with or toward each other, and during component production, the required relative movement of the production platform to the directed energy source is achieved by moving the production platform. The slot-shaped design of the synchrotron radiation entry window and / or the neutron radiation entry window ensures that the corresponding radiation can always enter when the production chamber is rotated.

[0043] The production space can be rotated by ±25° from a starting position, for example.

[0044] In principle, the synchrotron radiation exit window and the neutron radiation exit window can also have a slit shape aligned in the horizontal direction, whereby the exit windows should be larger than the entrance windows due to the scattering of the synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation.

[0045] It is also possible for one entrance window to serve as both a synchrotron radiation entrance window and a neutron radiation entrance window. In other words, the synchrotron radiation entrance window and the neutron radiation entrance window can be identical. Similarly, only one exit window can be provided for the synchrotron radiation and the neutron radiation, so that the synchrotron radiation exit window can be identical to the neutron radiation exit window. It is also possible for only one window to serve as the synchrotron radiation entrance window and synchrotron radiation exit window and / or the neutron radiation entrance window and neutron radiation exit window.

[0046] The arrangement of the production level of the production platform vertically or at a small angle to the vertical enables the alignment of the directed energy source as well as the synchrotron radiation source and / or the neutron radiation source to the production area in a particularly advantageous manner, since the synchrotron radiation source and / or the neutron radiation source can be arranged horizontally and thus the device-related effort for the arrangement of these components above the production platform, as would be necessary with a horizontal production level, is avoided.

[0047] The pore size of the open-pore and fluid-permeable manufacturing platform is adapted to the smallest particle diameter of the particulate production material, at least in the area of ​​the production surface. Typical particle sizes are usually in the range between 10 µm and 80 µm. The pore size of the open-pore manufacturing platform can, for example, be between 2.8 µm and 20 µm in the area of ​​the production surface. While it may happen that individual particles do not remain on the production surface but permeate the production platform with the fluid flow, this is unproblematic, especially with a circulating fluid flow, since the corresponding production material is returned to the production space.

[0048] It may also be provided that a special production atmosphere can be created in the production room. For example, it may be provided that the conversion process is carried out in the absence of oxygen or at oxygen concentrations below 0.5% by volume. It may also be provided that this production atmosphere contains up to 5.5% by volume of hydrogen to achieve an oxygen-reducing effect on the surfaces of the production material.

[0049] The invention further provides a method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components, preferably using the device according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) Providing particulate manufacturing material; b) generating a fluid flow, preferably a gas flow, with particulate production material onto the production surface and through the production platform, wherein particulate production material is pressed onto the production surface and fixed thereto; c) irradiating the particulate production material arranged on the production surface with conversion energy from the directed energy source, the fluid flow being maintained during the irradiation; d) shutting off the fluid flow, whereby excess particulate production material falls off the production surface; and e) Removing the manufactured component from the production area.

[0050] When manufacturing a component from several layers, steps b) and c) or steps b), c) and d) can be repeated.

[0051] The method according to the invention advantageously enables the additive manufacturing of components. In this case, selected areas are irradiated based on the component geometry. The use of the device according to the invention with a substantially vertically oriented manufacturing platform advantageously ensures that excess particulate manufacturing material can fall off the manufacturing surface and thus off the manufacturing platform in step d). Maintaining the fluid flow in step c) ensures that the particulate manufacturing material remains on the manufacturing surface in the desired manner during irradiation with conversion energy from the directed energy source.

[0052] Preferably, the following step is carried out between steps a) and b), wherein in step a) the particulate production material is provided in a storage container: b0) Moving the production platform into a loading position in which the production surface is positioned at an outlet opening of the storage container and step b) takes place in the loading position of the production platform, wherein particulate production material is supplied from the storage container by means of the fluid flow to the production platform and that between steps b) and c) the following step takes place: c0) Moving the manufacturing platform into a manufacturing position and aligning the directed energy source onto the manufacturing surface, wherein in step c0) the fluid flow is maintained.

[0053] If steps b) and c) are repeated, steps b0) and c0) can also be repeated.

[0054] The method steps b0) and c0) according to the invention advantageously enable the particulate production material to be transported from a storage container to the production area, whereby the directed energy source can remain stationary. For example, the storage container can be arranged above the production position, so that the production platform only needs to be moved vertically upwards to reach the loading position.

[0055] On the one hand, the fluid flow transports the particulate production material from the storage container to the production area and, on the other hand, maintaining the fluid flow ensures that the particulate production material remains on the production area.

[0056] It can be provided that after step c0) and immediately before irradiation in step c), image data of the particulate production material arranged on the production surface are recorded, and based on the image data, it is determined whether sufficient particulate production material is arranged on the production surface for the production of the component. In this case, it is not necessarily necessary to check whether sufficient particulate production material is arranged on the production surface for the production of the entire component; rather, it can also simply be checked whether sufficient particulate production material is available for a further production step in the production of the component.

[0057] It can also be provided that after step c) and / or after step d), image data of the production material converted on the production surface is recorded, and the quality of the manufactured component is assessed based on the image data. Thus, the quality can be checked during the production of the component. The image data does not necessarily have to be used to assess the quality of the entire manufactured component; rather, the quality of the individual production steps, for example, the quality of a single converted layer of particulate production material, can also be assessed.

[0058] The image data can be recorded using a microscope, for example.

[0059] The method according to the invention can further provide that during the irradiation in step c) a synchrotron radiation is directed onto an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface and that synchrotron radiation reflected or scattered at the impact point is detected.

[0060] It can also be provided that during the irradiation in step c) neutron radiation is directed onto an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface and scattered neutron radiation is detected at the impact point.

[0061] By means of synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation, processes during the conversion of the production material, which takes place by means of the conversion energy, can be assessed by evaluating the detected synchrotron radiation or the detected neutron radiation accordingly.

[0062] The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention, in which synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation is used, are more suitable for investigation purposes for the evaluation of production materials, since the provision of synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation requires a relatively high level of device technology, which is not necessarily suitable for a production plant.

[0063] In the method according to the invention, it can further be provided that the production platform or the directed energy source is moved during irradiation with synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation, whereby the point of impact of the conversion energy of the directed energy source from the synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation is moved. In principle, it can also be provided that the directed energy source is switched off, for example, briefly during irradiation with synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation.In this way, it is possible to use synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation to first observe and thus evaluate the direct transformation of the production material by means of the transformation energy, for example melting, and then to observe processes immediately after the impact of the transformation energy and thus, for example, immediately after melting, such as solidification processes.

[0064] In the method according to the invention, the directed energy source can be, for example, a laser or an electron beam source by means of which the particulate production materials are melted.

[0065] The transformation of the particulate manufacturing material may be local thermal joining, for example local melting and / or local sintering of the particulate manufacturing material.

[0066] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the following figures. They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an inventive device for particle-based additive manufacturing of components, Fig. 2a-b the production platform and the storage container in different relative positions, and Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the device according to the invention for explaining the synchrotron radiation directed onto the production platform.

[0067] In Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for particle-based additive manufacturing of components.

[0068] The device 1 comprises a production space 3, which is surrounded by a wall 5. In the production space 3, a production platform 7 is arranged, which forms a production surface 7a. A directed energy source 9 in the form of a laser is arranged on a holder 13 together with an optical image recording device 11, which can be a microscope. Fig. In the manufacturing position of the manufacturing platform 7 shown in Figure 1, the directed energy source 9 and the optical image recording device 11 are arranged opposite the manufacturing surface 7a and directed towards the manufacturing surface 7a.

[0069] The production surface 7a is arranged parallel to a vertical production plane. Since the production platform 7 is open-pored and fluid-permeable, particulate production material can be arranged and fixed on the production surface 7a by means of a fluid flow onto the production surface 7a and through the production platform 7.

[0070] The production platform 7 is attached to a platform mount 15 and is movable along three axes by means of drives 17. In this way, by moving the production platform 7, the conversion energy emitted by the directed energy source 9 reaches different areas of the production surface 7a and converts, in particular melts, the production material located there.

[0071] Using the optical image recording device 11, image data of the production surface 7a, and in particular of a point of impact of the conversion energy of the directed energy source 9 on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface 7a, can be recorded. The image data can be used, for example, to optically observe the conversion process of the production surface 7a or to determine, before the conversion energy impinges, whether sufficient particulate production material is arranged on the production surface 7a. After the conversion process, it can also be optically determined whether sufficient conversion of the production material has occurred.

[0072] The particulate production material is stored in a storage container 19 having a closable outlet opening 21. The storage container 19 is arranged above the production platform 7 in the production position.

[0073] In Fig. Figure 2a shows the production platform 7 in the production position. As indicated by the horizontal arrow, in this position, the production surface 7a can be irradiated with conversion energy.

[0074] The production platform 7 can be moved from the production position to a loading position, which Fig. 2c. In the loading position, particulate production material can be supplied from the storage container 19 to the production platform 7, so that the particulate production material is arranged on the production surface 7a. The fluid flow flowing through the production surface 7a and the production platform 7 transports the production material through the closable outlet opening 21 of the storage container 19 to the production surface 7a and then holds it on the production surface 7a.

[0075] The storage container 19 can be closed by a lid 23, wherein the lid 23 is pushed open by the production platform 7 when the production platform 7 is moved or is closed again by gravity when the production platform 7 is moved back into the production position.

[0076] As in Fig. 2a-c, a fluid outlet 25 is arranged on the side of the production platform 7 facing away from the production surface 7a, through which the fluid flow can be discharged through the production platform 7. To generate the fluid flow, a blower (not shown) can be provided, for example, which discharges the fluid flow from the production space 3 through the fluid outlet 25 and feeds it back into the production space 3 at another location. The line for the fluid flow (not shown) can, for example, also be branched off, so that a line is fed to the storage container 19, whereby the fluid flow is guided through the storage container 19 during the loading of the production platform 7 with the particulate production material. During the subsequent movement of the production platform 7 into the production position, the fluid flow can then be fed to the production space 3.

[0077] In Fig.Figure 3 schematically illustrates the device according to the invention for particle-based additive manufacturing of components, wherein synchrotron radiation is radiated onto the manufacturing platform 7 during the manufacturing of the component. The synchrotron radiation, schematically represented by an arrow, penetrates the manufacturing chamber 3 through a synchrotron radiation entrance window 27 in the wall 5. At the point of impact of the conversion energy generated by the directed energy source 9 on the manufacturing surface 7a, the synchrotron radiation is reflected and scattered. The reflected and scattered synchrotron radiation is transmitted out of the manufacturing chamber 3 through a synchrotron radiation exit window 29 in the wall 5 and detected by a detector (not shown). The reflected synchrotron radiation can be used to investigate processes during the melting of the particulate manufacturing material.

[0078] Instead of synchrotron radiation, neutron radiation can also be radiated onto the production area 7a in a corresponding manner.

[0079] The entire production space 3 is rotatable about a vertical axis and can be rotated, for example, by means of a rotary drive 31. Since the synchrotron radiation source or the neutron radiation source, which is not shown in the figures, is arranged stationary relative to the production space 3, the production platform 7 can be advantageously aligned with the synchrotron radiation or the neutron radiation by rotating the production space 3 and thus rotating the production platform 7.

[0080] The inventive design of the device 1 for particle-based additive manufacturing of components with a manufacturing platform 7 with a manufacturing surface 7a extending in the vertical direction makes it possible to provide an advantageous construction which reduces the device-technical outlay compared to other such devices from the prior art.

[0081] Furthermore, the optical imaging device 11, as well as the synchrotron radiation and / or neutron radiation, enables particularly advantageous observation of the processes during the transformation of the production material. This allows the quality of the manufactured component to be assessed and, moreover, conclusions to be drawn regarding the suitability of various production materials for the production of a component. List of reference symbols 1 device 3 Production room 5 Wall 7 Manufacturing platform 7a Production area 9 directed energy source 11 optical image recording device 13 Bracket 15 Platform bracket 17 Drive 19 storage containers 21 Outlet opening 23 lids 25 Fluid outlet 27 synchrotron radiation entrance windows 29 synchrotron radiation exit windows 31 rotary drive

Claims

[1] Device (1) for particle-based additive manufacturing of components with a manufacturing space (3) surrounded by a wall (5), with a manufacturing platform (7), wherein the manufacturing platform (7) is arranged in the manufacturing space and forms a manufacturing surface (7a) arranged parallel to or in a manufacturing plane, and with at least one directed energy source (9) for providing conversion energy for converting particulate manufacturing material arranged on the manufacturing surface (7a), characterized by , that the production plane extends vertically or at an angle of ±10° to the vertical and that the production platform (7) is open-pored and fluid-permeable, wherein particulate production material can be arranged on the production surface (7a) and fixed thereto by means of a fluid flow onto the production surface (7a) and through the production platform (7). [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by in that in a production position the production platform (7) is translationally movable, wherein the production platform (7) moves the production surface (7a) parallel to or in the production plane and different areas of the production surface (7a) can be exposed to the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9). [3] Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the production platform (7) is designed to be rotatable about an axis of rotation running orthogonally to the production plane. [4] Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by that the manufacturing platform (7) is movable in a direction orthogonal to the manufacturing plane. [5] Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized byin that in the manufacturing position the manufacturing platform (7) is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation, wherein the manufacturing platform (7) arranges the manufacturing surface (7a) at an angle to the manufacturing plane and aligns it with the directed energy source (9). [6] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a storage container (19) for the particulate production material, wherein the storage container (19) has a closable outlet opening (21) through which particulate production material can be removed from the storage container (19) and fed to the production area (7a), wherein the production platform (7) can be moved from the production position, in which the production area (7a) can be exposed to the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9), into a loading position in which the production area (7a) is positioned at the outlet opening (21). [7] Device according to claim 6, characterized bythat the production platform (7) can be moved parallel to the production level. [8] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a negative pressure can be generated on the side of the production platform (7) facing away from the production surface (7a), by means of which negative pressure particulate production material can be sucked onto the production surface (7a) and fixed thereto. [9] Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the directed energy source (9) is arranged stationary with respect to the production platform (7). [10] Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the directed energy source (9) is arranged to be movable, wherein the directed energy source (9) can be aligned to different areas of the production area (7a). [11] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byan optical image recording device (11), wherein the image recording device records image data of an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a), preferably in an enlarged manner. [12] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bya synchrotron radiation source arranged outside the production space (3), wherein the wall (5) has a synchrotron radiation inlet window (27) transparent to synchrotron radiation and a synchrotron radiation outlet window (29) transparent to synchrotron radiation for reflected or scattered synchrotron radiation, wherein the synchrotron radiation source can be directed to an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) or to a point at a predetermined distance from the impact point, and by a detector for detecting the reflected or scattered synchrotron radiation. [13] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bya neutron radiation source arranged outside the production space (3), wherein the wall (5) has a neutron radiation entrance window transparent to neutron radiation and a neutron radiation exit window transparent to neutron radiation for scattered neutron radiation, wherein the neutron radiation source can be directed to an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) or to a point at a distance from the impact point, and by a detector for detecting the scattered neutron radiation. [14] Device according to claim 13, characterized byin that the directed energy source (9) is arranged stationary in the production space (3) and the production space (3) is rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the synchrotron radiation entry window (27) and / or the neutron radiation entry window has a slot shape directed in the horizontal direction. [15] Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by that the synchrotron radiation entrance window (27) and the neutron radiation entrance window are identical and / or that the synchrotron radiation exit window (29) and the neutron radiation exit window are identical. [16] Method for particle-based additive manufacturing of components with a device according to one of claims 1 to 15, comprising the steps: a) Providing particulate manufacturing material; b) generating a fluid flow with particulate production material onto the production surface (7a) and through the production platform (7), wherein particulate production material is pressed onto the production surface (7a) and fixed thereto; c) irradiating the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) with conversion energy from the directed energy source (9), the fluid flow being maintained during the irradiation; d) switching off the fluid flow, whereby excess particulate production material falls off the production surface (7a); and e) Removing the manufactured component from the production area (7a). [17] Method according to claim 16, characterized by , that the following step takes place between steps a) and b), wherein in step a) the particulate production material is provided in a storage container (19): b0) moving the production platform (7) into a loading position in which the production surface (7a) is positioned at an outlet opening (21) of the storage container (19) and step b) takes place in the loading position of the production platform (7), wherein particulate production material is supplied from the storage container (19) to the production platform (7) by means of the fluid flow, and that between steps b) and c) the following step takes place: c0) moving the manufacturing platform (7) into a manufacturing position and aligning the directed energy source (9) onto the manufacturing surface (7a), wherein the fluid flow is maintained throughout step c0). [18] Method according to claim 17, characterized bythat after step c0) and immediately before the irradiation in step c), image data of the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) are recorded and, based on the image data, it is determined whether sufficient particulate production material is arranged on the production surface (7a) for the production of the component. [19] Method according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized by that after step c) and / or after step d) image data of the production material converted on the production surface (7a) are recorded and the quality of the manufactured component is assessed on the basis of the image data. [20] Method according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized bythat during the irradiation in step c) a synchrotron radiation is directed onto an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) and synchrotron radiation reflected or scattered at the impact point is detected. [21] Method according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized by that during the irradiation in step c) a neutron radiation is directed onto an impact point of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) on the particulate production material arranged on the production surface (7a) and scattered neutron radiation is detected at the impact point. [22] Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized bythat during the irradiation with synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation, the production platform (7) or the directed energy source (9) is moved, wherein the point of impact of the conversion energy of the directed energy source (9) from the synchrotron radiation or neutron radiation is moved.

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