Rotating head or rotating bolt for a handgun

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rotating head or rotating bolt lock (42) for a handgun (11), wherein the handgun (11) has a gun receiver (18) and the lock (42) comprises: - a breechblock carrier (12) which defines a longitudinal axis (L) and which is or can be slidably mounted along the longitudinal axis (L) in the weapon housing (18) and which rotates the breechblock head (42) to close the barrel via a control cam (13), - an extraction claw (28) which can be brought into positive engagement with a cartridge case (34), - a guide bore (22) arranged in the locking carrier (12) and running parallel to and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis (L), - an ejector pin (24) which is slidably mounted in the guide bore (22) along the same, and which has a projection (46) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) which can interact with a stop (48) of the weapon housing (18), and - a guide opening (44) formed by the locking carrier (12), wherein the projection (46) penetrates the guide opening (44) and extends radially outwards beyond the locking head (12). Furthermore, the invention relates to a handgun (11) with such a breech (42).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a rotating head or rotating bolt lock for a handgun and to a handgun with such a lock.

[0002] The handgun discussed here can, according to the invention, be designed both as a repeating weapon with a completely manual reloading process and as a self-loading weapon with an automatic reloading process.

[0003] In the repeating or semi-automatic rifle under consideration here, cartridges are taken from a magazine that is either permanently attached to or detachable from the weapon. A sliding mechanism then feeds the cartridges from the rear into the chamber. The breechblock typically serves not only to seal the barrel but also to unload and load the chamber.

[0004] To extract the cartridge case from the chamber, the case has a groove at its rear end into which a spring-loaded, hook-shaped extractor claw engages when the bolt closes. After firing, the cartridge case is pulled rearward, against the direction of fire, along with the extractor claw, and thus out of the chamber.

[0005] To remove the cartridge case from the handgun, a lateral opening, the ejection port, is present in the receiver. Therefore, the cartridge case must be deflected sideways, perpendicular to the direction of fire, to pass through the ejection port. For this purpose, in rotating bolt or rotary-lug bolts, an ejector pin is mounted in the bolt head, movable parallel to the direction of fire, and pre-tensioned by a compression spring. The ejector pin is positioned eccentrically in the bolt head, as far as the outer diameter of the cartridge case allows, and approximately opposite the extractor claw. The extractor claw is located on approximately the same side as the ejection port. The ejector pin is permanently in contact with the cartridge case and transmits an eccentric force, determined by the compression spring, into the cartridge case.This arrangement applies a torque to the cartridge case, which is compensated by the chamber as long as the cartridge case remains in contact with it. Once the cartridge case is fully extracted from the chamber, the compensating effect ends, and the ejector pin exerts a rotational impulse on the cartridge case, causing it to rotate around the extractor claw. Consequently, the cartridge case exits the firearm through the ejection port.

[0006] This method works reliably with firearms of a certain case length and above, but poorly with short cartridge cases in conjunction with a locking rotating bolt. Long guns for handgun cartridges are currently offered almost exclusively as semi-automatic firearms with an unlocked spring-mass bolt. If the firearm is to be designed as a repeating rifle, the bolt must be locked. The locking mechanism creates an additional gap outside the chamber, equal to the length of the locking lugs, the thickness of the locking sleeve, and the necessary clearance for smooth locking. After leaving the chamber, the cartridge case must overcome this additional distance, and since this free diameter is significantly larger than the case, it begins to rotate along this path towards the ejection port.This causes a significant portion of the rotational momentum to dissipate prematurely before reaching the ejection port. Additionally, there is a risk that the cartridge case will jam in the openings in the locking sleeve facing the ejection port, where the lugs of the bolt head engage, and remain lodged in the receiver. With longer cartridge cases, the chamber provides sufficient guidance to allow the case to pass through this critical area. However, with handgun cartridge cases, there is a marked tendency to jam because the chamber's guiding effect ends too early, and the rotational momentum therefore begins prematurely. During manual cycling, the forces involved depend even more heavily on the shooter's skill and are difficult to adjust in semi-automatic rifles with the relatively small powder charge of handgun cartridges. This results in difficult-to-control ejection malfunctions of the case, leading to subsequent weapon malfunctions.

[0007] The object of one embodiment of the present invention is therefore to provide a special rotating head or rotating bolt closure for a handgun, with which it is possible to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages using simple and cost-effective means and, in particular, to ensure trouble-free and reliable ejection of the cartridge cases, even when using short cartridges.

[0008] Furthermore, one embodiment of the present invention aims to create a handgun which can be used with such a breech.

[0009] This problem is solved by the features specified in claims 1 and 2. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0010] One embodiment of the invention relates to a rotating head or rotating bolt breech for a handgun, wherein the handgun has a gun receiver and the breech comprises: - a locking mechanism that ◯ defines a longitudinal axis and which is slidably mounted along the longitudinal axis in the weapon housing, or ◯ guides the locking head longitudinally and, via a cam, causes the locking head to rotate in the locking sleeve to close. - a bolt head rotatable and axially mounted in a cam within the bolt carrier, or - a locking head that defines a longitudinal axis (L) and which is slidably mounted along the longitudinal axis in the weapon housing, - an extractor claw which can be brought into positive engagement with a cartridge case and in particular with the extractor groove of a cartridge case, - a guide bore arranged in the breechblock carrier or in the breech face of the breechblock head and running parallel to and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis, - an ejector pin mounted slidably in the guide bore along the same axis, which has a projection perpendicular to the longitudinal axis that can interact with a stop of the weapon housing, and - a guide opening formed by the base body or the locking head, wherein the projection penetrates the guide opening and extends radially outwards beyond the locking head.

[0011] As mentioned, the ejector pins known from the prior art are axially movable parallel to the firing direction and spring-loaded in the bolt head. The angular momentum is relatively low due to the early engagement of the ejector pin. In contrast, the angular momentum of the present bolt is considerably greater and almost corresponds to a non-rotating spring-mass bolt with a rigidly mounted ejector element in the receiver and a guide groove in the bolt. Therefore, the present ejector, especially in conjunction with handgun cartridge cases, achieves significantly greater reliability than the ejector pin known from the prior art, which is pre-tensioned in the bolt head. The force of the ejector pin thus does not act continuously on the cartridge case, but only when the case has been retracted by the bolt to such an extent that the ejector pin rests against the stop of the receiver.The stop is positioned within the weapon housing in such a way that the interaction between the ejector pin and the cartridge case occurs at more favorable accelerations, velocities, and forces than is the case with conventional rotating breechblocks. Furthermore, the interaction is abrupt, resulting in a higher overall angular momentum being applied to the shorter cartridge case compared to conventional breechblocks. Consequently, cartridge case ejection is more reliable and trouble-free. The stop can be formed by the weapon housing itself or be a separate component attached to it.

[0012] A special feature of the closure according to the invention is the tolerance chains that arise as a result of manufacturing processes and dimensional changes due to hardening processes, which can cause a significant difference in the angular momentum within a production batch, since with a quasi-rigid stop of the guide element in the housing, even small tolerance changes result in large changes in the angular momentum.

[0013] A further embodiment of the invention relates to a handgun with a breechblock according to the previously discussed embodiment comprising a gun housing in which the breechblock is slidably mounted along a longitudinal axis, and a stop arranged in the gun housing with which the projection of the ejector pin can interact.

[0014] It may be provided that the stop is movably mounted in the weapon housing and can be pre-tensioned in an end position by means of a stop spring, and that the contact point can be adjusted.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages achievable with the proposed handgun are essentially the same as those discussed for the existing breechblock. In summary, it should be noted that the stop can be positioned within the receiver in such a way that the interaction between the ejector pin and the cartridge case occurs at more favorable accelerations, velocities, and forces than is the case with known rotating-head or rotating-lug breechblocks. Furthermore, the interaction is abrupt, resulting in a higher overall rotational momentum, even on shorter cartridge cases, compared to known breechblocks of this type. Consequently, cartridge case ejection is significantly more reliable and trouble-free.

[0016] The end position should be chosen so that the stop rests against the ejector pin. The spring force should be directed at least partially towards the ejector pin. When the ejector pin comes to rest against the stop, the stop may retract slightly under unfavorable tolerance conditions. While the stop could also be rigidly mounted in the receiver, this carries the risk of damaging the ejector if tolerances or mounting positions are unfavorable. The stop spring provides slight damping of the ejector pin's impact against the stop, thus preventing tolerance-related damage to the bolt without significantly reducing the rotational momentum.

[0017] An advanced design may specify that the preload of the stop spring is adjustable via a preload device. This allows the ejection behavior of the cartridge case to be modified. Furthermore, the end position of the stop can be altered, at least within certain limits. This allows for adjustments to distances altered by settling and ensures a correspondingly good ejection behavior.

[0018] According to an advanced design, the stop can be rotatably mounted in the weapon housing about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. In this design, the stop can be implemented as a lever mounted in the housing, allowing it to exert a relatively large force on the ejector pin, even though the spring mounted on the lever is relatively small and space-saving.

[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show Fig. 1. A state-of-the-art rotary latch in a perspective view Fig. 2A Sectional view of a rotary bolt closure in top view according to the prior art shortly before the cartridge case leaves the cartridge chamber Fig. 2B Representation as in 2A, but just outside the cartridge chamber with the case tipping into the locking sleeve due to the preload of the ejector pin. Fig. 3A Sectional view of an embodiment of a closure according to the invention just outside the cartridge chamber with a straight-guided cartridge case Fig. 3B Sectional view with the bolt fully extended in the contact position with the stop in the housing at the moment of cartridge case ejection. Fig. 4 A closure according to the invention in perspective view Fig. 5 a partial sectional view of a handgun, which is equipped with a breechblock Fig. It can be equipped with 3A.

[0020] Fig. Figure 1 shows a bolt 10 known from the prior art with a bolt carrier 12 in a perspective view, which is used for a handgun 11 (see Fig. 5) can be used. The breechblock 10 is designed as a rotating head or rotating lug breechblock and defines a longitudinal axis L. The breechblock carrier 12 forms a breechblock front part 14, which has a larger diameter than the rest of the breechblock body 12. On the outer surface of the front part 14 are star-shaped locking lugs 16, with which the breechblock carrier 12 engages in the locking sleeve 31 (see Fig. 2A) at the end of the barrel 30 of the handgun 11. The front part of the bolt head 14 encloses the breech face 20, from which a guide bore 22 extends into the body 12, spaced apart from and parallel to the longitudinal axis L. An ejector pin 24 is movably mounted in the guide bore 22 and actuated by an ejector spring 26 (see Fig. 2A to 2C) are pre-tensioned so that the ejector pin 24 protrudes approximately to the front edge of the bolt head 12 in the unloaded state. An extraction claw 28 is arranged in the front part of the bolt head.

[0021] The Fig. 2A and Fig. Figure 2B shows the operation of the breech 10, known from the prior art, in conjunction with a handgun cartridge case. It can be seen that a barrel 30 is attached to the receiver 18 concentrically to the longitudinal axis L. A cartridge chamber 32 is also shown, containing a cartridge case 34. The cartridge case 34 has a machined groove 36 into which the extractor claw 28 engages positively. Furthermore, it is evident that the cartridge case 34 rests fully against the breech face 20 and therefore presses the ejector pin 24 into the base 12, thereby compressing the ejector spring 26. The ejection port is depicted as an ellipse.

[0022] In Fig. 2A the breechblock is in retraction to remove the cartridge case 34 in a position in which there is just contact with the cartridge chamber and therefore still a concentric guide is present.

[0023] With further backward movement of the locking head, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 2B, the cartridge case is now pulled through a free path without guidance, causing it to tilt towards the ejection port. Depending on the retraction speed, the case then impacts the lug recesses of the locking sleeve 31 with varying degrees of force and consequently loses some of the energy that the rotational momentum provides for ejecting the case. As a result, the case will most likely remain in the weapon housing.

[0024] From a synthesis of Fig. 2A and Fig. Figure 2B makes it clear that the position of the breech 10, in which the guidance of the cartridge case 34 from the cartridge chamber 32 is lifted, depends on the length of the cartridge case 34. For cartridge cases that are longer than those in the Fig. 2A and Fig. In the case of cartridge case 34 shown in Figure 2B, the guide can be achieved via a longer recoil stroke of the bolt, so that the lateral tilt angle within the bolt carrier is insignificant for the ejection function in these long cartridge cases 34. Therefore, in the case of long cartridge cases 34, favorable accelerations, velocities, and forces are present for ejection, which is why ejection malfunctions and resulting weapon malfunctions almost never occur with long cartridge cases.

[0025] In Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a closure 42 according to the invention, shown in a perspective view analogous to Fig. Figure 1 shows the differences relevant to the invention. The following section discusses the differences that are material to the invention. Fig. Figure 4 shows that the locking head 42 has an elongated guide opening 44 into which a projection 46, connected to or formed by the ejector pin 24, engages. The ejector pin 24 is therefore also movable in the guide bore 22 parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0026] Furthermore, a stop 48 is provided in the weapon housing 18, against which the projection 46 of the ejector pin 24 can abut. In the illustrated embodiment, the stop 48 is lever-shaped and rotatably mounted on a bearing section 50 about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and consequently transverse to the firing direction S. The bearing section 50 is connected to the weapon housing 18. A stop spring 52 is arranged on the bearing section 50, which biases the stop 48 into a rotational position. This rotational position is in Fig. 3A is selected such that the longer leg of the stop 48 is perpendicular to a plane defined by the longitudinal axis L and the axis of rotation. Furthermore, a preloading device 54 is arranged in the bearing section 50, with which the preload of the stop spring 52 can be adjusted. Consequently, the stiffness with which the stop 48 is preloaded can also be changed.

[0027] Furthermore, a displacement device 56 is provided, with which the contact point of the stop 48 with the projection 46 can be moved parallel to the longitudinal axis L. For this purpose, an adjusting screw, as shown here, can be provided on the stop 48. The displacement can be defined, for example, by means of washers under the screw head, so that the set position is maintained and cannot change unintentionally.

[0028] In Fig. Figure 3B shows the breechblock 42 in the position fully retracted from the cartridge chamber, which corresponds to that shown in Fig. 2B is comparable. It can be seen that the ejector pin 24 protrudes beyond the breech face 20 and consequently rotates the cartridge case 34 around the extractor claw 28. Furthermore, the projection 46 of the ejector pin 24 rests against the front end of the guide opening 44 as viewed in the direction of fire S.

[0029] Is the clasp 42 in a position comparable to that which is in Fig. As shown in 2A, the projection 46 is located at the S in the direction of fire (see Fig. 5) viewed at the rear end of the guide opening. The ejector pin 24 then does not protrude beyond the breech face 20 and consequently cannot transmit any force or torque into the cartridge case 34. The position of the bolt 42, in which the ejector pin 24 comes into contact with the cartridge case 34 and consequently begins to transmit a torque into the cartridge case 34, can be adjusted to the manufacturing tolerances of the system components and selected so that the transmission occurs at favorable accelerations, velocities, and forces. The stop spring 52 dampens the impact of the ejector pin 24 on the cartridge case 34 somewhat, so that it cannot be damaged.

[0030] Fig. Figure 5 shows a handgun 11 with a receiver 18 to which a barrel 30 is attached. The breechblock 42 is also visible, in a position corresponding to that shown in Fig.2A corresponds to this. The cartridge chamber 32 is empty, however, a magazine 40 is visible, in which a number of cartridges are stored. At the top of the magazine, a cartridge 35 can be seen, which can be inserted into the cartridge chamber 32 as a result of a cycling action. Reference symbol list 10 Closure State of the art 11 Handgun 12 basic shapes 13 Tax backdrop 14 Front of locking head 16 locking nipple 18 gun cases 20 impact floor area 22 Guide hole 24 ejector pin 26 Ejector spring 28 Extraction claw 30 run 31 Locking sleeve 32 cartridge chambers 34 cartridge cases 35 cartridges 36 groove 38 ejection windows 40 Magazine 42 Closure according to the invention 44 Lead Breakthrough 46 lead 48 strokes 50 storage section 52 Stop spring 54 Pre-tensioning device 56 Shifting device D axis of rotation L Longitudinal axis S direction of fire

Claims

[1] Rotating head or rotating lug breech (12 / 42) for a handgun (11), wherein the handgun (11) has a receiver (18) and the breech (12 / 42) comprises: - a locking carrier (12) which guides the locking head (42) longitudinally and causes the locking head (42) to rotate in the locking sleeve (31) for locking via a cam - a locking head (42) which defines a longitudinal axis (L) and which is slidably mounted along the longitudinal axis (L) in the weapon housing (18), - an extraction claw (28) which can be brought into positive engagement with a cartridge case (34), - a guide bore (22) arranged in the locking carrier (12) and running parallel to and spaced apart from the longitudinal axis (L), - an ejector pin (24) which is slidably mounted in the guide bore (22) along the same, and which has a projection (46) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) which can interact with a stop (48) of the weapon housing (18), and - a guide opening (44) formed by the locking carrier (12), wherein the projection (46) penetrates the guide opening (44) and extends radially outwards beyond the locking head (42). [2] Handgun (11) with a breech (42) according to claim 1, comprising - a weapon housing (18) in which the breechblock (12+42) is slidably mounted along a longitudinal axis (L), and - a stop (48) arranged in the weapon housing (18) with which the projection (46) of the ejector pin (24) can interact. [3] Handgun (11) according to claim 4, characterized by, that the stop (48) is movably mounted in the weapon housing (18) and can be pre-tensioned in an end position by means of a stop spring (52). [4] Handgun (11) according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized by , that the preload of the stop spring (52) is adjustable by means of a preloading device (54). [5] Handgun (11) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized by , that the stop (48) is rotatably mounted in the weapon housing (18) about a rotation axis (D) running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L).

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