Displays with varying beam angle spectrum, especially for a vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a field-of-view display device for stationary installation, in particular in a vehicle, comprising: - a display for generating a desired display content; and - a reflective disc positioned in the user's field of vision, designed to reflect the beam of light rays generated by the display into an eyebox predetermined for their eyes, so that the displayed content appears to them as a virtual image floating beyond the reflective disc; - wherein the reflective disc is positioned directly opposite the display surface; and - wherein the display has a beam angle spectrum that varies along its display surface depending on its location, such that the display light, via reflection at the reflective disc, illuminates the eyebox substantially uniformly and is also substantially limited to this spatial area. The invention also relates to a direct-view display with the latter property.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a direct-view display or, alternatively, a field-of-view display device, also known as a head-up display (HUD). In both cases, the display is designed for users whose eyes are located within a predetermined, limited area (eyebox). The device is specifically designed for installation in a motor vehicle or other land, air, or water vehicle, and the invention therefore also applies to a vehicle equipped with such a device.

[0002] It is a well-known practice, particularly in motor vehicles, to use a head-up display (HUD) to overlay useful information, such as speed readings or other navigation and vehicle operating instructions, as a virtual image of the real-world surroundings observed by the driver, thus allowing them to keep their eyes on the road. A HUD typically includes a reflective screen positioned within the driver's field of vision, either as a section of the windshield or as a combiner screen mounted inside the vehicle in front of it. To generate the displayed content, a classic HUD design (also known as a "mirror HUD") incorporates a projection unit located below the windshield, inside the instrument panel.This typically includes a display to generate a beam of light with the desired display content, as well as imaging and projection optics to shape the generated beam of light and direct it onto the reflector so that it is reflected from there to the driver's eyes, allowing them to see the virtual image in a suitable shape, size, and distance. In the classic HUD design, the projection optics include a concave mirror whose dimensions scale linearly with the size of the virtual display area, thus significantly limiting it.

[0003] Alternatively, for example, for panoramic displays or AR (Augmented Reality) applications, which require a significantly larger virtual display area than a classic HUD, a HUD design is known with a large display extending directly opposite the windshield on the upper surface of the instrument panel, i.e., without imaging and / or projection optics. This allows the virtual display area to be considerably expanded. However, this type of HUD system offers little design flexibility with regard to the viewing distance of the virtual image, which is generally much shorter than with a classic HUD.

[0004] Conventional direct-view displays, especially LCDs, but also displays used as image sources for such large-area HUD applications, have a constant light emission characteristic. More precisely, this means that the extent and orientation of the emitted light cone are identical at every pixel of the display area (relative to the normal vector). Exceptions are only classic mirror HUD systems, which, however, are limited to small image sources for the reasons mentioned above and generally require considerable height for the projection optics. For example, DE 10 2020 135 007 A1 discloses an image generation unit (PGU) for a mirror HUD of the above type, wherein the image generation unit comprises: a printed circuit board having a plurality of light sources; a display unit (LCD display area) arranged in front of the plurality of light sources and configured to produce an image that is provided for the HUD; a housing arranged between the printed circuit board and the display unit and having an internal reflection structure configured to guide optical rays from the plurality of light sources to the display unit and to homogenize the luminous intensity of the optical rays incident on the display unit.For this purpose, the internal reflection structure has a plurality of first funnels, each arranged according to the plurality of light sources; and a second funnel, which is arranged as a single funnel in front of the first funnels in such a way that it surrounds the plurality of first funnels. The optical rays emitted from the plurality of LED light sources pass through the first and the second funnel, and the diffusely reflected light and the specularly reflected light are mixed, so that the mixed light, in the form of flat light with a substantially rectangular cross-section, essentially the same as that of the LCD, and with a homogeneous luminous intensity, enters the area behind the LCD, or rather its transmitting display surface.

[0005] It is also known to focus or even collimate the display light to increase maximum brightness or efficiency. For this purpose, optical films such as Brightness Enhancement Films (BEF, DBEF), reflector or lens arrays can be used in the illumination unit. However, the focusing is achieved almost identically in each pixel or illumination zone.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative and / or improved display concept for stationary installation, in particular in a vehicle, which also makes it possible to generate a large-area display image, for example for a panoramic display.

[0007] This problem is solved by a field-of-view display device according to claim 1, a direct-view display according to independent claim 2, and a vehicle equipped therewith according to dependent claim 9. Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. All further features and effects mentioned in the claims and the following description for the field-of-view display device also apply to the direct-view display and the vehicle, and vice versa.

[0008] According to a first aspect, a field-of-view display device is intended for stationary installation, particularly in a vehicle. It can, for example, be designed as a head-up display (HUD). The vehicle can be a motor vehicle, but also any other land, air, or watercraft. The vehicle has a passenger compartment and a vehicle window that at least partially delimits it externally. The vehicle window can, for example, be a windshield with an instrument panel located below it, or a rear window with a parcel shelf located below it, which delimits the passenger compartment longitudinally, either forwards or backwards. When used in a vehicle, all spatial orientation terms used herein, such as "horizontal," "vertical," "above," "below," "underneath," "front," "back," "left," "right," etc., refer to installation in a vehicle.Unless otherwise specified, the coordinates are based on the usual vehicle-fixed Cartesian coordinate system with mutually perpendicular longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle.

[0009] The field-of-view display device comprises a display designed to generate a desired display content on its display surface and a beam of light rays conveying this content. When installed in a vehicle, the display can be arranged, in particular, in or below the top of the instrument panel or the parcel shelf. Furthermore, the field-of-view display device comprises a reflective disc arranged in the user's field of vision, designed to reflect the beam of light rays generated by the display into a spatial area predetermined for the user's eyes (eyebox), so that the display content appears to the user as a virtual image floating beyond the reflective disc. When installed in a vehicle, the reflective disc can, for example, be designed as a section of a vehicle window or as a combiner disc formed in front of it on the inside of the vehicle.The user may be, in particular, a driver and / or a passenger of the vehicle.

[0010] The reflective disc is positioned directly opposite the display surface, with the exception of any cover plates without beam-shaping, deflecting, or imaging effects. In other words, the field-of-view display device does not include any imaging or projection optics between the display serving as the image source and the reflective disc. However, this does not preclude the possibility of a cover plate without optical effect or any optical coatings on the reflective disc or the display surface, such as lenticular lens arrays directly on the display surface for autostereoscopic image generation.

[0011] The display has a beam angle spectrum that varies along its display surface depending on the location, such that the display light, via reflection at the reflective disc, illuminates the user's eyebox essentially uniformly and is also essentially limited to this area (in other words, it fades rapidly outside the eyebox and is no longer sufficient to view the content).

[0012] One idea is to display a location-dependent angular spectrum of the emitted light. By varying the angular characteristics depending on the location, the light from each image area or pixel is specifically bundled / focused and directed into the predefined viewing area (eyebox). The area outside the eyebox is, as far as possible, not illuminated. This is achieved in Fig. 2 schematically illustrates and solves the following problem: Since the predefined eyebox is spatially clearly limited (for example, to the area of ​​a vehicle seat or another predetermined sitting or standing position for the user) and the distance to the display is relatively small (due to the lack of projection or imaging optics, i.e., compared to the aforementioned classic mirror HUD), a significant portion of the light would not reach the preferred area (eyebox) and would thus be lost, assuming a constant emission characteristic of the display surface, as shown in Fig. Figure 1 illustrates this schematically. Depending on the geometric configuration, this is particularly pronounced in the edge areas of the display, where a significant portion of the light energy from pixels located there bypasses the eyebox and thus cannot reach the user's eyes. This problem is especially evident in such displays in motor vehicles. Ever-increasing demands on image brightness and growing display areas lead to high electrical consumption. Especially in HUD systems, where the usable light is reflected with significant losses off the windshield or other transparent reflective surface, poor overall system efficiency is a critical factor. However, the solution proposed here can be applied equally to direct-view displays. According to another aspect, a direct-view display is provided, which can be specifically designed for use in a vehicle. The display is designed for a user's predetermined eyebox and has a beam angle spectrum that varies along its display surface depending on the location, such that the display light illuminates the eyebox essentially uniformly and is also essentially limited to this area (in other words, it fades rapidly outside the eyebox and is no longer sufficient to view the content). Furthermore, what was said above regarding the field-of-view display device applies analogously, so reference is made to the corresponding description to avoid repetition.

[0013] The following description applies equally to both design variants (viewing field indicator device and direct viewing display). The solution principle, which is described in Fig. While Figure 2 is greatly simplified and schematically outlined, it can be implemented in several different ways. Some examples are given below, and these solution variants can also be combined with each other to achieve the aforementioned result.

[0014] According to a first embodiment, the display surface is light-transmitting, and the display comprises, for backlighting, a plurality of light sources in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement and a lens or microlens array (MLA) of freeform lenses arranged between this light source matrix and the display surface. In this embodiment, the aforementioned location-dependent beam angle spectrum is achieved completely or partially by lens shapes in this array that vary along the display surface. Alternatively or additionally, the orientations of the lens axes in the array can also vary. For this and any other embodiment, the light sources can, by way of example, be LEDs (light-emitting diodes).

[0015] According to a second embodiment, the display surface is light-transmitting, and the display comprises, for its backlighting, a plurality of light sources in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement with an associated reflector for each light source. The aforementioned location-dependent beam angle spectrum is achieved partially or completely by a reflector design that varies along the display surface and / or by a geometric arrangement, shape, and / or orientation of zones that varies along the display surface. The totality of these zones constitutes the light source matrix area, and each zone consists of a single light source or a compact group of light sources with their associated reflectors.

[0016] According to a further development of the first and / or second embodiment, the varying backlight intensity along the display surface, which is associated with this design of the backlighting unit, is compensated for by appropriately varying the control of individual light sources and / or display pixels along the display surface. This is based on the understanding that the display backlighting in this case is designed for uniform illumination of the eyebox, and not the display surface, which consequently (as can be seen in Fig. 3 and Fig. (4 can easily be seen) the display would not be evenly illuminated. Rather, centrally located display pixels would be illuminated somewhat more brightly than the pixels at the edges. Alternatively or in addition to the compensating location-dependent control, the design and / or arrangement (e.g., type, size, density) of individual light sources and / or display pixels can also be varied along the display surface for the same purpose.

[0017] According to a third embodiment, the aforementioned beam angle spectrum is achieved partially or completely by a correspondingly predetermined concave curvature of the entire display, its display surface and / or its backlighting unit, in each case on the side facing the user or the reflective disc.

[0018] According to a fourth embodiment, the display comprises a plate or film with prismatic optical structures that extends along its entire display surface in such a way that it produces or partially contributes to the aforementioned beam angle spectrum. Such a plate or film with prismatic optical structures can, for example, be configured as a Fresnel lens.

[0019] The first, third and fourth embodiments are applicable not only to light-transmitting displays (such as liquid crystal displays, LCDs) but also to display technologies with self-illuminating pixels (such as OLED or Mini / µLED technology).

[0020] In particular, the view-field display device or direct-view display can have a very large horizontal and / or vertical field of view (FoV) of at least 20°, at least 30°, or even at least 40° compared to a mirror HUD. As is typical, the FoV is defined as the angular range within which the largest possible usable virtual image area is seen from the center of the eyebox. With a classic mirror HUD, this angular range generally does not exceed 10°, whereby an increase in FoV is limited by the linearly scaling size of the projection optics and thus also the required installation space.

[0021] According to another aspect, the above vehicle is designed to be equipped with one or more field-of-view display devices of the type presented herein, the displays of which are each arranged in the passenger compartment and whose reflective discs may be designed as part of one of the vehicle windows or as combiner discs arranged separately in the passenger compartment, and / or with one or more direct-view displays of the type presented herein, which are arranged in the passenger compartment for use by one of the occupants.

[0022] In particular, the windshield can be bounded to the left and right in the transverse direction of the vehicle by an A-pillar, and the display surface of one of the field-of-view indicators can be arranged in or below the top of the instrument panel in such a way that the windshield, at least with a large part of its transverse extent, serves as a reflective surface for this field-of-view indicator. This makes a panoramic virtual display for the driver or front passenger possible.

[0023] The above aspects of the invention, its embodiments, and specific configurations are explained in more detail below with reference to the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. While some of the schematic drawings may be understood as being to scale, this is not a limitation. They show: Fig. 1. A display conforming to the state of the art; Fig. 2 a display according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 a display according to a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 a display according to a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 a top view of a backlighting unit of a display according to a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 a display according to a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7a a section of a vehicle with a field-of-view display device according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7b an enlarged section of a vDTF of the display of the field-of-view display device from Fig. 7a; Fig. 8a a display according to a further embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 8b-c each show an enlarged section of a matrix backlight of the display of the Fig. 8a.

[0024] All the various embodiments, variants, and specific design features of the direct-view display, the field-of-view display device, and the vehicle mentioned above in the description and in the following claims, according to the aspects of the invention above, can be found in the Fig. Examples 1 to 8c, in particular, can be implemented in alternative or additional ways to the features shown therein. Therefore, they are not all repeated below. The same applies accordingly to the definitions and effects of individual features already given above, which are shown in the Fig. 1-8c are shown.

[0025] As already mentioned, shows Fig. 1 in a schematic longitudinal section view of a conventional direct-view display 100. If the defined viewing area for its display, the so-called eyebox, is spatially clearly limited and the distance to the display is relatively small, then with constant emission (as in Fig. (Illustrated by the example of three maximally different pixels on its display area 200) a significant portion of the light L does not reach the actually required and used spatial area (eyebox). Depending on the geometric configuration, this is particularly pronounced in the edge areas of the display 100, as in Fig. 1 is also clearly visible.

[0026] Similar geometric relationships (i.e., a spatially clearly defined eyebox while the field of view is relatively large, see above) are found primarily in displays in motor vehicles, aircraft, and other vehicles, but also in all other cases involving the stationary use of a direct-view display and a fixed viewing position for a single user (for example, due to a permanently installed seat). A similar situation arises when a display image is directly reflected onto a reflective surface, such as a vehicle's windshield. Therefore, all solutions presented below using the example of a direct-view display 1 apply equally to the field-of-view display devices 3 (especially HUD systems) presented herein without projection optics and with a display 1 of this type serving as the image source, and vice versa.Ever-increasing demands on image brightness and ever-larger display areas lead to high electrical consumption. Especially with HUD systems, where the usable light L is generally reflected off the windshield with significant losses, poor overall system efficiency is a critical factor.

[0027] Fig. Figure 2 illustrates, using the example of a direct-view display 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is again shown in a highly simplified schematic longitudinal section view, the solution approach presented herein with a spatially dependent angular spectrum of its emission L along its display surface 2. Here too, for the sake of simplicity, the display light L is shown only for three exemplary pixels of the display surface 2. The spatially dependent variation of the angular characteristic is designed such that the display light L is specifically focused (i.e., differently from pixel to pixel or from image area to image area) from each image area or pixel of the display surface 2 and directed into the viewing area (eyebox) in order to illuminate the eyebox as uniformly as possible from each pixel / image area of ​​the display surface 2 and, ideally, to hit the center as closely as possible (in contrast to the prior art of Fig. 1) The area outside the eyebox is not illuminated if possible.

[0028] As in Fig. As shown in a schematic longitudinal section of a direct-view display 1 designed as an LCD, this can be implemented, for example, by an MLA 5 with free-form lenses 6 varying per zone for a (in this case, transmitting) display area 2 in the case of a matrix LED illumination 4 (backlight unit). For each zone, which comprises a single light source 7 (here LED) or a compact group of light sources, the angular spectrum of the emission L is manipulated in this way (i.e., designed during the manufacture of the display 1) so that optimal illumination of its predefined viewing area (eyebox) is achieved in the sense described above. In a simplified approach, this can also be achieved by individually offsetting individual LED light sources 7 with respect to their associated lenses 6 for each zone, while maintaining a constant lens shape (i.e., their optical axes are obliquely aligned with each other).In this way, a particularly high optical efficiency of the display 1 or of a field-of-view display device 3, which uses it as an image transmitter, can be achieved.

[0029] As in Fig. 4 in a longitudinal section view of display 1 and in Fig. Figure 5 shows a top view of its matrix LED lighting 4. Another approach in the case of matrix LED lighting 4 is a varying design of a reflector 8 ( Fig. 4) and / or a varying zone arrangement ( Fig. 5) along the display area 2. In the case of a wide-format, non-reflective HUD, it is advantageous to distribute the outlines of the zones 9 and the reflective segments / areas of the respective reflector 8 according to an image pre-distortion (warping), i.e., to design them according to a curved image warping outline 10, as in Fig. 5 shown. Analogous to the approach with a location-dependent varying MLA 5 (cf. Fig. 3) are the reflector surfaces in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 per light source 7 or zone 9 are individually designed to achieve the angular spectrum of the emission L for optimal illumination of the viewing area (eyebox). For the rest, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description of the Fig. 2-3 referred.

[0030] As in Fig. Figure 6, again shown in a longitudinal section of a direct-view display 1, demonstrates a third approach: global focusing can be achieved by means of a plate or film 11 spanning the display area with prismatic optical structures (also called variable direction-turning film, or vDTF), here purely by way of example in the form of a Fresnel lens with a long focal length (greater than the viewing distance from the eyebox to the display 1). This approach has the advantage, among others, of being robust against (thermo-)mechanical tolerances, but does not in itself allow for location-dependent light focusing. For the latter, this solution can be used, as shown in Fig. 6. This is illustrated purely by way of example using an MLA 5, with measures for light focusing, as with reference to Fig. 3-5 mentioned, can be combined. Furthermore, to avoid repetition, the above description of the Fig. 2-5 referred.

[0031] Fig. Figure 7a shows a schematic perspective view of a section of a vehicle 12 with a field-of-view display device 3 according to an embodiment of the invention. In this example, the vehicle 12 is a motor vehicle, indicated solely by its windshield 14. The field-of-view display device 3 is, purely by way of example, designed as a head-up display (HUD) and uses a large-area display 1 as its image source. This display is located on the upper surface of an instrument panel 15 (not shown) and thus directly opposite the windshield 14. The field-of-view display device 3 is designed to generate a virtual image (not shown) in the field of vision of a user, for example, a driver of the vehicle 12, who is in Fig. 1 is indicated only by an eyebox in the passenger compartment of vehicle 1, designed for his eyes. (As usual, the eyebox here refers to a spatial area designated for the eyes of one or more users of the view display device 3, from which he / she can see the virtual image in the intended display quality.)

[0032] When using the above Fresnel lens 11 in or on the display 1, a special constellation arises in a system with a virtual display (HUD) of this type with a very wide field of view (>20°), which in Fig. 7a is measured in the transverse direction of the vehicle. An example of this is a virtual display from A-pillar to A-pillar (not shown) in a vehicle 12, which generates a virtual image by reflection off the windshield 14. However, the principle described below is neither limited to this specific arrangement in the vehicle 12 nor to its application in a vehicle. In this example, the display 1 with the integrated Fresnel lens 11 can be positioned relative to the windshield 14 and the user's eyebox such that the display light L illuminates each pixel of the display 1 (simplified). Fig. 7a (only three different image points, where the respective light beam is indicated solely by its central ray M, which leads from this image point to the center of the eyebox) must be bent by a similar angle α with respect to a vertical or a display surface normal in order to hit the center of the eyebox. The angle α remains approximately constant over the entire viewing angle β. The orientation of the ray M bent by α in the horizontal direction varies within the display plane (display surface 2) along concentric circles K. The Fresnel lens 11 (vDTF) can therefore be arranged in the form of concentric steps (sawtooth profile, see enlarged section of the Fig. 7b) with an identical profile. The angles of the profile are designed according to the refraction of light approach, corresponding to the necessary light deflection (typically about 15-30°). This has positive effects on the industrialization and controllability of the solution approach (similar loss and light change behavior at each pixel). Furthermore, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description of the Fig. 2-6 referred.

[0033] With the in Fig. The solutions shown in Figures 2-7b primarily improve the efficiency of an LCD-based display, allowing for higher maximum brightness or lower power consumption, which in turn facilitates system cooling. Simultaneously, illumination homogeneity can be increased and / or halo effects reduced within the desired viewing area (eyebox).

[0034] Fig. Figure 8a shows, in a longitudinal section, as a fourth approach, the implementation of a curved design for display 1. Here, as shown in the supplementary enlarged display sections according to further figures, Fig. 8b and Fig. Figure 8c shows that at least the matrix lighting unit 4, including optical components (such as reflectors 8 or MLA with lenses 6), is curved in one direction (i.e., cylindrically) in this example. By means of a suitable global curvature of the display 1, its display surface 2, and / or lighting unit 4, each lighting zone is rotated towards the eyebox in this approach. With a predominant emission in the normal direction of the zone / LED, a focusing effect within the eyebox is thus achieved. Furthermore, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description of the Fig. 2-7b referred.

[0035] The solutions presented here can, in principle, be combined in all variations to achieve the desired beam pattern for the application. For example, an MLA can be placed above / behind (in the direction of light emission) a reflector with a DTF, and the overall design can be curved.

[0036] To achieve a homogeneous virtual image, zone illumination correction or variable control of each LED can be used. This approach can be used to optimize the overall system optics in terms of efficiency and homogeneity (across the virtual image and the eyebox). The pixel matrix (LCD) can also be used to compensate for inhomogeneities and any color shifts at the pixel level.

[0037] These solutions are suitable for display systems with direct and indirect (virtual image) viewing of the display unit when the desired viewing angle varies significantly across the display area. This is typically the case when the viewing area is small relative to the display width and / or the viewing distance is short. The solutions of variable MLA, variable DTFs, and curved designs can also be applied to displays with self-illuminating pixels (e.g., OLED or mini / µLED technology). Reference symbol list 1 Direct-view display or imaging display of a view-indicating device, simply display 100 conventional displays 200 conventional display area 2 Display area 3. Viewing field indicator device 4 matrix LED lighting, also called backlighting unit 5 MLA, microlens array 6 lens 7 Light source 8 Reflector Zone 9 10 Image warping outline 11 Plate or film with prismatic optical structures, vDTF 12 vehicles 14 Windscreen 15 Instrument panel L Display light, also called usable light or emission, etc. M Center ray from a pixel K concentric circles QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2020 135 007 A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] A field-of-view display device (3) for stationary installation, in particular in a vehicle (12), comprising: - a display (1) designed to generate a desired display content in its display area (2) and a beam of light rays transporting this content; and - a reflective disc positioned in the user's field of vision, designed to reflect the beam of light rays generated by the display (1) into an eyebox predetermined for his eyes, so that the display content appears to him as a virtual image floating beyond the reflective disc; - wherein the reflective disc is arranged directly opposite the display surface (2), with the exception of any cover discs without beam-shaping, beam-deflectoring or imaging effect; and - wherein the display (1) has a radiation angle spectrum that varies along its display surface (2) depending on the location, such that the display light (L), via reflection at the reflection disc, illuminates the eyebox essentially uniformly and is also essentially limited to this spatial area. [2] Direct view display (1), especially for use in a vehicle (12), with - an eyebox predetermined for a user's eyes; and - a beam angle spectrum that varies along its display surface (2) depending on the location, such that the display light (L) illuminates the eyebox essentially uniformly and is also essentially limited to this area. [3] Viewing display device (3) according to claim 1 or direct view display (1) according to claim 2, wherein - the display surface (2) is designed to be light-transmitting; - the display (1) has a plurality of light sources (7) in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement for its backlighting and a lens or microlens array (5) of free-form lenses (6) arranged between this light source matrix and the display surface (2); and - the aforementioned beam angle spectrum is achieved at least partially by varying lens shapes and / or lens axis orientations along the display surface (2) in this array (5). [4] Viewing display device (3) or direct view display (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the display surface (2) is designed to be light-transmitting; - the display (1) has a plurality of light sources (7) in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement with an associated reflector (8) for each light source (7) for its backlighting; and - the location-dependent beam angle spectrum is achieved at least partially by a reflector design varying along the display surface (2) and / or by a geometric arrangement, shape and / or orientation of zones (9) varying along the display surface (2), the totality of which forms the light source matrix area and which each consist of a single light source (7) or of a compact group of light sources with the associated reflectors (8). [5] Viewing display device (3) or direct view display (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the aforementioned beam angle spectrum is achieved at least partially by a correspondingly predetermined concave curvature of the entire display (1), its display surface (2) or its backlighting unit (4), each on the side facing the user or the reflective disc. [6] Viewing display device (3) or direct view display (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein - the display (1) comprises a plate or film with prismatic optical structures (11) which extends along its entire display surface (2) in such a way as to produce or contribute to the aforementioned beam angle spectrum. [7] Viewing display device (3) or direct view display (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein - the varying backlight intensity along the display surface (2) associated with this design of the backlighting unit (4) is compensated for by a correspondingly varying control and / or design of individual light sources (7) and / or display pixels along the display surface (2). [8] Viewing display device (3) or direct view display (1) according to any of the preceding claims, which or which - designed to generate a large field-of-view of at least 20°, preferably at least 30° and particularly preferably at least 40°. [9] vehicle (12), in particular a motor vehicle, comprising: - an occupant compartment and a vehicle window that at least partially limits it to the outside, in particular a windscreen (14); as well as - at least one field-of-view display device (3) according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with claim 1, the display (1) of which is arranged in the passenger compartment and the reflective screen of which is designed as part of the vehicle window or as a separate combiner screen arranged in the passenger compartment; and / or - at least one direct view display (1) according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with claim 2, which is arranged in the passenger compartment for use by vehicle occupants. [10] Vehicle (12) according to claim 9 with mutually perpendicular longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of a vehicle-specific Cartesian coordinate system, wherein - the aforementioned vehicle window is a windscreen (14) which is bounded to the left and right in the transverse direction of the vehicle by an A-pillar of the vehicle (12); - the vehicle (12) has an instrument panel (15) arranged below the windscreen (14); and - the display surface (2) of the field of vision display device (3) is arranged in or under a top surface of the instrument panel (15) such that the windscreen (14) serves as a reflective screen for the field of vision display device (3) at least with a large part of its extent in the transverse direction of the vehicle.

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