NV-center-based eddy current camera

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic field camera head and an eddy current camera for detecting magnetic fields and eddy currents in workpieces. The magnetic field camera head comprises a sensor element layer with paramagnetic centers, a light source for exciting fluorescence radiation, and a fluorescence camera. The fluorescence intensity depends on the pump radiation and the magnetic flux density. The magnetic field camera head can acquire and provide phase images of local temporal phase delays in the fluorescence intensity with respect to modulated magnetic fields or pump radiation. The eddy current camera comprises the magnetic field camera head. It generates alternating magnetic fields by means (80) for generating these alternating magnetic fields, induces eddy currents, and detects their effects on the paramagnetic centers by means of fluorescence images and phase images. It is equipped with a control device and a computer system that perform image processing and analysis using AI methods to visualize the distributions of eddy currents and magnetic reaction fields in workpieces. Furthermore, the invention comprises underlying quantum technology systems and principles for sensor data analysis, as well as methods and devices for applications such as materials testing, NMR microscopy, cryptographic systems, and spectroscopy.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present technical teaching relates to an eddy current sensor system and a method for acquiring fluorescence images and / or first phase images and / or second phase images based on the distribution of eddy currents in workpieces. The first and / or second phase images of the eddy current camera preferably represent the first and / or second temporal phase delay of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation emitted by the sensor element layer of the eddy current camera relative to the modulation of the alternating magnetic fields (first phase images) or the modulation of the intensity of the pump radiation (second phase images). The eddy current camera head is equipped with a sensor element layer containing paramagnetic centers. These paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation when irradiated with pump radiation.The intensity of this fluorescence radiation depends on the pump radiation intensity and the magnetic flux density at the respective locations of the paramagnetic centers. The sensor layer is capable of generating a fluorescence image that depicts the distribution of the fluorescence radiation within the sensor layer. This image can be captured using one or more light sources (LEDs) for the pump radiation and a fluorescence camera with a light sensor array. Generating an alternating magnetic field in the workpiece induces electric eddy currents, whose magnetic fields influence the paramagnetic centers. The changes in the fluorescence image resulting from this interaction provide information about the eddy current distribution in the workpiece.Typically, the temporal modulation of the fluorescence radiation intensity is delayed relative to the temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity by a respective phase delay. A central element of the invention is the control device, which serves to energize the magnetic field-generating coils of the eddy current camera head using an alternating electric current. A computer system with one or more processor cores controls this energization and evaluates the fluorescence images and / or phase images to generate an eddy current image and / or an image of the distribution of magnetic reaction fields, or to create diagrams that depict the current value distribution, eddy current amplitude, distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields, or other relevant parameters.The method is particularly suitable for examining workpieces that exhibit magnetizable, electrically conductive, or insulating properties, or that generate magnetic reaction fields in alternating magnetic fields, and in which defects or changes in the material structure are to be detected. In addition, the technical teaching presented here enables the implementation and control of the aforementioned process steps by computer- or machine-implemented methods. A further element of the invention comprises a storage medium that contains the program code for these methods and supports the processing of the image data. General Introduction

[0002] In avionics applications, mechanical defects in carbon fibers within composite materials using carbon fibers as a reinforcing element are particularly dangerous, as they can lead to structural failure of the component under extreme load conditions. Part of the problem is that the carbon fibers are embedded in an electrically insulating polymer matrix, which complicates testing.

[0003] The measuring device presented here for the imaging of magnetic reaction fields in alternating magnetic fields is a sophisticated technology based on various physical effects. Such devices can be used in many applications, from non-destructive material testing to medical technology. The following introductory text of this document first clarifies the possibilities by examining the various materials that generate their own magnetic flux density in alternating magnetic fields and describes the specific characteristics and applications that arise from this. Both the electrical conductivity and the different magnetic properties of the materials, as well as their interactions, are considered. Fundamentals of alternating magnetic fields and reaction fields

[0004] Alternating magnetic fields, as defined in this document, are fields whose strength and direction preferably vary in a specific rhythm, such as a sinusoidal alternating current field. This document also discloses the use of multifrequency alternating magnetic fields, band-limited alternating fields, and / or alternating magnetic fields whose amplitude and / or direction are modulated by a spreading code signal, a random bit modulated signal, or a noise-modulated signal. When a material is placed in such an alternating magnetic field, it can generate its own magnetic flux density, which typically superimposes on the flux density of the alternating magnetic field.This flux density, referred to in this document as the magnetic reaction field, results from the interaction of the material with the external field and depends on various factors such as electrical conductivity, permeability, and the degree of magnetizability.

[0005] Depending on the material and its structure, different effects can occur: • Induction effects in electrically conductive materials • Magnetization changes in magnetically active materials (e.g., ferromagnetic materials) • Displacement currents in insulating materials at very high frequencies

[0006] These effects lead to the generation of a magnetic reaction field that can be detected by the measuring device and provides information about the material. Materials and their reactions to alternating magnetic fields

[0007] There are many materials that exhibit different reactions in alternating magnetic fields. These materials can be roughly divided into the following categories: • Ferromagnetic materials • Paramagnetic materials • Diamagnetic materials • Electrically conductive materials Ferromagnetic materials

[0008] Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and some alloys, are particularly interesting because they exhibit very high magnetic permeability and strong magnetizability. In an alternating magnetic field, these materials change their magnetization according to the field direction, resulting in a delay or phase shift of the magnetic response field. This delay depends on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field and the material properties.

[0009] Since ferromagnetic materials have a high susceptibility, they can exhibit a very strong response to alternating magnetic fields. This effect can then often be used in non-destructive testing (e.g., crack testing in iron components) or in medical imaging (e.g., magnetic particle imaging).

[0010] Main feature: Very strong reaction to alternating magnetic fields due to high magnetizability.

[0011] Typical applications: crack detection, corrosion testing, material sorting, medical imaging. Paramagnetic materials

[0012] Paramagnetic materials possess a weak positive susceptibility and are readily magnetized in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. Typical examples of paramagnetic materials are aluminum, tungsten, and magnesium. Although these materials exhibit a significantly lower magnetic response to an alternating magnetic field than ferromagnetic materials, they nevertheless generate a weak magnetic reaction field that can be measured with suitable detectors.

[0013] Paramagnetic materials do not exhibit a significant phase shift in the magnetic response field because they undergo only slight magnetization and demagnetization. Their influence is therefore less pronounced at low frequencies and is usually only noticeable in highly sensitive detectors.

[0014] Key feature: Small but measurable magnetic response to an alternating magnetic field at typically specific frequencies of the alternating magnetic field.

[0015] Typical applications: Detection of small quantities of material, high-precision material analysis. Diamagnetic materials

[0016] Diamagnetic materials, such as copper, gold, silver, and bismuth, possess a negative magnetic susceptibility. This means that they exhibit a weak repulsion from alternating magnetic fields. Diamagnetic materials therefore react rather weakly to alternating magnetic fields and generate only a very low counter-flux density as a magnetic reaction field.

[0017] Although diamagnetic materials exhibit only a weak response, they can still be detected using specialized techniques. The response is often dependent on the magnetic flux density and the frequency of the external alternating magnetic field. For applications requiring highly precise measurements and accurate material analysis, diamagnetic materials can be identified due to their clear, albeit weak, response profiles.

[0018] Key feature: Very low, negative magnetic response to the alternating magnetic field.

[0019] Typical applications: precious metal identification, specific material classification. Electrically conductive materials in alternating magnetic fields

[0020] Electrically conductive materials, regardless of their magnetic susceptibility, generate eddy currents in alternating magnetic fields. These eddy currents, in turn, generate their own magnetic field, which acts as a magnetic reaction field on the external alternating magnetic field. The magnitude and structure of the eddy currents depend on the conductivity of the material and the frequency of the external alternating magnetic field.

[0021] High conductivity (e.g., in copper and aluminum): This creates a strong electric eddy current field, which generates a significant counter-flux density as a magnetic reaction field.

[0022] Low conductivity (e.g., in stainless steel): The eddy current density is lower, and the reaction intensity of the counter-flux density of the magnetic reaction field is weaker.

[0023] In non-destructive testing, eddy current testing methods can be used, for example, to determine the conductivity of a material and to detect defects such as cracks and inclusions. Eddy current technology can also be used in the aerospace industry, for example, to inspect aluminum structures.

[0024] Key feature: Generation of an electric eddy current field that provides information about material defects and conductivity.

[0025] Typical applications: materials testing, quality control, aerospace engineering.

[0026] Combinations of conductivity and magnetic properties: Many materials possess both magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity. This combination leads to complex magnetic reaction fields in alternating magnetic fields. Examples include: Ferromagnetic, conductive materials (e.g. steel): Here, both magnetization processes and electrical eddy currents are induced, leading to a very strong reaction. Paramagnetic, conductive materials (e.g., aluminum): Conductivity dominates the reaction, but a weak magnetic component can also be measured.

[0027] Insulating, paramagnetic materials: Here, only the magnetic reaction occurs, without eddy current losses, which is particularly relevant for high-frequency measurements with high frequencies of the alternating magnetic field. Detection capabilities and application range

[0028] By combining the measurement of electrical eddy currents and magnetic response, a wide variety of properties and material differences can be detected. Possible applications include: Material testing and defect detection: Non-destructive testing greatly benefits from the measurement of magnetic reaction fields, as both conductivity and magnetic properties can be used to detect defects in conductive or ferromagnetic materials. Medical applications: Magnetic particle imaging uses the reaction fields of ferromagnetic particles in alternating fields to visualize contrast agents in biological tissue.

[0029] Material sorting and recycling: The analysis of the reaction fields allows for an accurate classification of different metals and other materials, enabling selective separation in the recycling process.

[0030] Security applications: Many security systems, such as metal detectors, use magnetic reaction fields to detect metals and specific substances.

[0031] Imaging of magnetic reaction fields offers a wide range of possibilities for the detection and analysis of diverse materials in alternating magnetic fields. By combining the electrical and magnetic properties of a material, conclusions can be drawn about its internal structure, conductivity, defects, and composition. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a particularly strong reaction, paramagnetic materials show a weak but measurable reaction, and diamagnetic materials can also be detected using imaging techniques based on specific frequency adjustments, as presented here.

[0032] Overall, the measurement of magnetic reaction fields represents a versatile method that can be used in areas such as materials testing, medicine, security and recycling.

[0033] Through the further development of the technical teaching presented here, the range of detectable materials and defects will increase even further in the future. Definition of the term eddy current camera

[0034] For the sake of completeness, this document clarifies once again that the term "eddy current camera" refers to a device that captures and / or measures the distribution of a magnetic reaction field. This means that even if no eddy currents cause the magnetic reaction field to the alternating magnetic field of the eddy current camera, it is still an eddy current camera as defined in this document. More generally, an eddy current camera should therefore be understood as a reaction field camera for capturing the magnetic reaction field of a material or workpiece in response to an alternating magnetic field.

[0035] For the purposes of this document, a workpiece is defined as any type of body that exhibits a magnetic reaction field to an alternating magnetic field. Therefore, biological samples, living organisms, plants, cells, bodies, etc., are also included in this definition in the broadest sense. State of the art

[0036] Magnetic field cameras and methods for manufacturing the sensor element layer of such a magnetic field camera are known from DE 10 2023 100 856 B4 and WO 2024 041 703 A1. Knowledge of the technical teachings in these documents, DE 10 2023 100 856 B4 and WO 2024 041 703 A1, is required for further work.

[0037] The technical teaching of the documents DE 10 2023 100 856 B4 and WO 2024 041 703 A1 is therefore, insofar as permissible under the law of the state in which a right of protection is to be obtained, part of the disclosure of the document presented here.

[0038] The technical teaching of document DE 10 2014 215 927 A1, which describes the technological basis of a time-of-flight camera, is also used in the document presented here.

[0039] The use of such a magnetic field camera for detecting cracks in ferromagnetic workpieces is also known from these documents. However, the technical teachings described therein do not disclose how such a magnetic field camera can be used to inspect composite materials with carbon fibers as a reinforcing element in an electrically insulating polymer matrix for mechanical defects in the carbon fibers. The present document describes a camera for detecting these defects. However, the advantages of the solution disclosed here are not limited to this. The technical teaching disclosed here offers numerous further advantages, particularly in connection with materials testing.

[0040] DE 10 2023 100 856 B4 relates to a magnetic field camera with an isotropic NV center sensor layer, which is excited by pump light and whose fluorescence is imaged to represent magnetic field distributions with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, it does not provide a method for detecting and evaluating a phase delay of the fluorescence modulation relative to a specifically modulated magnetic field stimulation and thus does not address the associated metrological challenges.

[0041] US Patent 2020 / 0072752A1 describes an imaging sensor system with time-resolved detection, in which pixels with gate signal control can switch between different outputs to capture signals within defined time windows. The aim is the precise detection of fast light signals, e.g., for time-of-flight applications. However, the document does not address the phase-related evaluation of fluorescence signals relative to modulated magnetic field stimulation and thus does not solve key problems of the present invention. Task

[0042] The proposal is therefore based on the task of providing a solution for testing defects in composite materials with carbon fibers as a reinforcing element in an electrically insulating plastic matrix for mechanical defects of the carbon fibers.

[0043] This task is solved by the independent claims. Further embodiments are the subject of dependent claims. Solution to the task

[0044] This document describes an eddy current camera capable of inductively injecting electric currents into the carbon fibers of a composite material and detecting the resulting magnetic fields. In the case of mechanical defects in the carbon fibers, changes occur in the eddy currents, which can be detected using the technology presented here. The eddy current camera presented here can also be used for numerous other purposes. Basic idea for capturing a phase image

[0045] The basic idea for capturing a phase image is to use a magnetic field camera head with a fluorescence camera that incorporates a light sensor array with pixels whose sensitivity can be controlled and / or with pixels that can be quickly switched between two output signal paths. In other words, the idea is to use a so-called time-of-flight camera for capturing the fluorescence.

[0046] Such a pixel, suitable as a photodetector (light sensor (89)) of a light sensor array 1, is known, for example, from document DE 10 2009 020 218 B3. A corresponding evaluation circuit is known, for example, from document DE 11 2005 003 698 B4. Optical distance meters based on this are known from DE 10 2008 018 718 B4 and EP 1 678 523 B1. Part of the proposed idea is to use this optical distance meter for capturing phase images from a fluorescence camera or a magnetic field camera and to expand this into an eddy current camera. Cameras based on the technical teachings disclosed in the aforementioned patents are also called time-of-flight cameras, since they are based on capturing three-dimensional images of objects by measuring and evaluating the time of flight of light.

[0047] Similar photodetectors suitable as pixels (light sensor (89)) of a light sensor array 1 are known from US 7 391 066 B2, US 2007 / 0 096 159 A1, US 5 903 021 A, US 5 705 836 A and US 4 245 233 A.

[0048] Such a TOF magnetic field camera head, which includes a time-of-flight camera, can then be used in a TOF magnetic field camera to visualize magnetic field distributions (fluorescence images) and phase shifts of temporal changes of these magnetic field distributions relative to the temporal change of a reference distribution, for example the temporal change of the distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 for a fluorescent sensor element layer 5 are used (second phase images).

[0049] Combining these with means 80 for generating an alternating magnetic field results in a complex TOF eddy current camera head or a complex TOF eddy current camera. These can then be controlled and the generated images evaluated using computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence methods. Eddy current camera head 21

[0050] The eddy current camera head 21 described in this document represents a comprehensive and innovative device for the precise analysis and acquisition of fluorescence effects caused by magnetic interactions in a workpiece 17. This solution comprises various core components that interact in a tightly coordinated architecture to generate fluorescence radiation 14, the fluorescence radiation intensity I of which fl (t,x,y) and spatial fluorescence radiation intensity distribution is influenced by external magnetic fields B(t,x,y). 1. Basic structure and function of the sensor element layer 5

[0051] The central component of the eddy current camera head 21 is the sensor element layer 5, which is designed for specific optical and magnetic effects. The sensor element layer 5 preferably comprises a plurality of paramagnetic centers, which are particularly characterized by their ability to emit fluorescence radiation 14 when irradiated with suitable pump radiation 13. Typically, one or more crystals comprise these one or more paramagnetic centers. Preferably, the sensor element layer 5 comprises one or more of these crystals with the paramagnetic centers. These paramagnetic centers typically comprise specially optimized crystal structures, preferably in the form of crystal defects in the crystal material of one or more crystals in the sensor element layer 5. These crystal structures are preferably tailored with respect to their physical properties to the application in the intended optical measurement method.The tuning typically affects the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp the pump radiation 13 and the fluorescence wavelength λ fl the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by them, as well as the material of the crystals and the sensitivity of the fluorescence radiation 14 to external physical parameters such as the magnetic flux density. In the application presented here, each of these paramagnetic centers preferably responds, for example, to the magnitude of the magnetic flux density in the direction of the axis of the paramagnetic center and can thus be used as a "probe" within the sensor element layer 5 to collect information about the magnetic conditions in the immediate vicinity and transmit it as a parameter of the fluorescence radiation 14 it emits.

[0052] Paramagnetic centers have a special property: their fluorescence intensity I I(t,x,y) varies depending on the strength and direction of the magnetic flux density acting upon it, as well as on the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the excitation pump radiation 13. In the case of an NV center in diamond, the optimal pump radiation wavelength λ pmp =532nm. Nevertheless, a different pump radiation wavelength λ is possible. pmp For example, the NV center is excited to emit fluorescence radiation 14 at a wavelength of 520 nm. The sensor element layer 5 is preferably designed such that the paramagnetic centers are homogeneously distributed and stochastically distributed and differently oriented relative to each other, thereby achieving a uniform response to the pump radiation 13 and allowing the fluorescence radiation 14 to unfold with an intensity and clarity optimal for the sensor. This also leads to an isotropic sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers with respect to the magnitude of the magnetic flux density and an independence of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,X,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers from the direction of the magnetic flux density that floods the sensor element layer 5. This adaptation of the material in the sensor element layer 5 enables a differentiated analysis of magnetic influences and offers high sensitivity to small field variations, which are crucial in many industrial applications.

[0053] The physical composition of the sensor element layer 5 also contributes to the efficiency of the eddy current camera head. The material of the sensor element layer 5 is preferably selected such that it is suitable for light in the wavelength range of the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmpThe material is transparent to the pump radiation 13, allowing its energy to reach the paramagnetic centers unimpeded. This material transparency minimizes losses of the pump radiation 13 and ensures that the entire energy input is used to excite the fluorescence processes at the paramagnetic centers. 2. Light source 2 and excitation by pump radiation 13

[0054] The second essential component in the eddy current camera head 21 is the light source 2, which serves to generate the pump radiation 13. The light source 2 typically emits the pump radiation 13 with a defined pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp and pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y), which is optimally suited for exciting the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. The pump radiation wavelength λ pmpThe pump radiation 13 is preferably selected such that it causes an emission of maximally intense fluorescence radiation 14 from the sensor element layer 5, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the entire sensor system and the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0055] The light source 2 is preferably arranged in a specific geometry to achieve the most uniform illumination possible of the sensor element layer 5. Homogeneous irradiation of the sensor element layer 5 with pump radiation 13 is essential, as uniform excitation of all paramagnetic centers ensures that the resulting fluorescence radiation 14 provides a consistent and meaningful picture of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is provided. By fitting the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13, the sensitivity of the subsequent sensor system can be adapted to different environmental conditions, leading to flexible application in various fields of use. 3. Optical detection with fluorescence camera and light sensor array

[0056] The fluorescence camera with the light sensor array 1 in the eddy current camera head 21 preferably comprises a special light sensor array 1, which preferably includes a plurality of highly sensitive light sensors 89. These light sensors 89 of the light sensor array 1 are preferably designed to detect the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers within the sensor element layer 5 with respect to its fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) and spatial fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 to be detected accurately. The light sensor array 1 is preferably designed to offer high spatial resolution, thereby detecting even the smallest changes in the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 typically as a function of the areal sensor layer coordinates x,y, which can typically be assigned to the sensor element layer 5, are detected and can be recorded as a fluorescence image and / or phase image and possibly output.

[0057] The fluorescence image captured by the fluorescence camera and in particular by the light sensor array 1 typically represents the distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) in the sensor element layer 5 and typically provides a snapshot of the magnetic conditions influencing the paramagnetic centers. The phase image, optionally also acquired by the fluorescence camera and, in particular, by the light sensor array 1, typically represents the temporal phase delay in spatial distribution of the temporal delay of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) in the sensor element layer 5 represents the temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity of the pump radiation 13 of the light source 2 and typically also provides a snapshot of the magnetic conditions that influence the paramagnetic centers. These snapshots can serve as a basis for the subsequent analysis and evaluation of the magnetic influences in the workpiece 17. The high sensitivity and resolution of the light sensor array 1 contribute to the fact that the eddy current camera head 21 can detect even the smallest fluctuations in the fluorescence radiation 14, and in particular in the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 in the sensor element layer 5, detects and reliably documents. 4. Generation of the alternating magnetic field and induction of eddy currents

[0058] Another key component of the eddy current camera head 21 according to the technical teaching presented here is the means for generating an alternating magnetic field. These means typically comprise one or more magnetic field-generating coils 80, which, when driven with an alternating current, generate a changing magnetic field (alternating magnetic field) that permeates the sensor element layer 5 with the paramagnetic centers and influences the emission of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers. The choice of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 and their geometric arrangement, in particular relative to the sensor element layer 5, as well as the design of the electrical drive current (operating current) of the magnetic field-generating coils 80, are crucial for the precision and effectiveness of the generated magnetic field, which is preferably an alternating magnetic field.

[0059] The alternating magnetic field acts on the workpiece 17 near the eddy current camera and induces electric eddy currents in this workpiece 17. The intensity, direction, and distribution of the electric eddy currents in the workpiece 17 depend on the conductivity, structure, and geometric properties of the workpiece 17 and therefore vary according to its physical properties. This variability generates a secondary magnetic field, which in turn acts on the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 and thus influences its fluorescence radiation 14.

[0060] The interplay between the primary magnetic field generated by the coils and the eddy currents induced in the workpiece 17 offers an indirect way to obtain information about the structure and composition of the workpiece 17. Since the eddy currents are influenced by internal material differences, the optical analysis of the fluorescence radiation 14 allows conclusions to be drawn about material defects, inhomogeneities, or structural variations in the workpiece 17. 5. Fluorescence image as the basis for analysis

[0061] The fluorescence images of the distribution of the emission sites of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers, acquired by the fluorescence camera, and / or the phase images of the spatial distribution of the phase delay of the emission of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers, acquired by the fluorescence camera, relative to the temporal modulation of the alternating magnetic field or the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmpThe (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 are the central output of the eddy current camera head (21). They represent the distribution of the emission of the fluorescence radiation 14 in the sensor element layer 5 and / or the distribution of the phase delay of the fluorescence radiation 14 in the sensor element layer 5, thus depicting the influences of the alternating magnetic field and the eddy currents induced by it in the workpiece 17 and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields. This optical representation enables a detailed analysis of the magnetic and electrical properties of the workpiece 17. The analysis of these fluorescence images and / or phase images is preferably performed in a computer system that can utilize various computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms for image processing and pattern recognition to identify deviations or anomalies in the material structure of the workpiece 17.

[0062] Further digital processing and analysis of the captured fluorescence images and / or phase images allows for the creation of three-dimensional profiles or diagrams of the eddy current distribution and its associated magnetic properties. These evaluations can be automated, particularly through computer- and / or machine-implemented methods, significantly increasing the efficiency of the eddy current camera head and making it ideal for industrial quality control applications. 6. Advantage of technical training

[0063] The present eddy current camera head 21 offers numerous technological and functional advantages over previous systems. The combination of using paramagnetic centers to generate and modulate fluorescence radiation 14 and exciting eddy currents in the workpiece 17 enables non-contact and precise analysis of magnetic field changes and their effects on the fluorescence radiation 14. This solution is highly sensitive and capable of detecting even the smallest material deviations in the workpiece 17, making it particularly suitable for use in materials testing and quality control.

[0064] The main advantage of this technical solution lies in the possibility of non-destructive testing and analysis of complex workpiece structures of workpiece 17, which is particularly valuable in quality control and fault diagnosis in manufacturing. The technical teaching presented here thus describes an eddy current camera head 21 with a sensor element layer 5, a light source 2 for pump radiation 13, a fluorescence camera with a light sensor array 1 consisting of light sensors 89, and means for generating an alternating magnetic field. The sensor element layer 5 preferably comprises paramagnetic centers. The pump radiation 13 preferably has a pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp from 532 nm if the paramagnetic centers are NV centers in diamond. The paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation with a fluorescence wavelength λ when irradiated with pump radiation 13. flTypically, the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution depends on the fluorescence radiation intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp The pump radiation (t,x,y) and the intensity of the magnetic flux density (magnitude of the value of the magnetic flux density) B(t,x,y) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center are measured. The fluorescence camera then acquires a fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the sensor element layer 5 and / or a phase image of the phase shift of the temporal evolution of the spatial fluorescence intensity distribution of the I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence radiation 14 compared to the time course of the modulation of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or compared to the time course of the spatial pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) and preferably provides this fluorescence image and / or this phase image for further use. Preferably, the eddy current camera head 21 is configured to generate electric eddy currents and / or one or more magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17 by means of generating an alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, the eddy current camera head 21 is preferably configured to detect the effect of the magnetic fields of these eddy currents and / or these one or more magnetic reaction fields on paramagnetic centers in the form of the fluorescence image and / or the phase images.

[0065] This allows the eddy current camera head 21, which corresponds to the technical teaching of the document presented here, to be used for the investigation of electrically conductive and / or magnetizable and / or insulating materials that can change their conductivity in the event of a fault.

[0066] In a first variant of the proposed eddy current camera head, the means for generating an alternating magnetic field comprise one or more magnetic field-generating coils. This enables the generation of the alternating magnetic field, which influences the paramagnetic centers, by electronic circuits that energize the magnetic field-generating coils. Typically, a computer system can then control and / or influence the energization of the magnetic field-generating coils, and thus the generation of the alternating magnetic field, by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method. This is an important element for controlling the proposed eddy current camera.

[0067] In a second variant of the proposed eddy current camera head, preferably one or more magnetic field generating coils 80 are arranged to induce one or more eddy currents and / or an eddy current field when energized with an electric current in the workpiece 17, which determine the fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the sensor element layer 5 and / or the phase image of the phase shift of the temporal course of the spatial fluorescence intensity distribution of the I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence radiation 14 compared to the time course of the modulation of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or compared to the time course of the spatial pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) can be influenced. This allows a computer system and / or the computer system of the eddy current camera to acquire and evaluate the fluorescence image and / or the phase images, particularly in a computer- and / or machine-implemented manner, and to draw conclusions about one or more properties of the workpiece 17.

[0068] In a third variant of the proposed eddy current camera head, preferably one or more magnetic field generating coils 80 are configured as flat coils. A flat coil, as defined in this document, is a coil shape in which the windings of the conductor are arranged spirally in a flat plane. The coil windings are usually located in one or a few planes or in a slightly curved or flat shape, thus keeping the coil's height low. Flat coils often comprise several turns of an electrical conductor (such as copper wire) wound on a flat surface or without a specific coil shape. Typical properties of a flat coil, as defined in this document, are... • Magnetic field distribution: The arrangement of the windings results in a specific magnetic field distribution, which is particularly pronounced in the axial direction (perpendicular to the flat coil). Therefore, the plane of the sensor element layer 5 is preferably arranged perpendicular to this axial direction. Typically, false coils can generate a homogeneous and planar magnetic field. • Induction effects: Due to their flat design and often larger surface area, flat coils are particularly suitable for applications where strong induction effects are required on a flat surface.

[0069] The special geometry of the flat coil is advantageous for applications requiring compact designs and the generation of a high magnetic flux density in a limited area. Therefore, a flat coil is particularly suitable as a means of generating the alternating magnetic field and thus as a magnetic field generating coil 80.

[0070] In a fourth embodiment of the proposed eddy current camera head, the plane of one or more of the flat coils is preferably arranged parallel to the plane of the sensor element layer 5. This parallel alignment of the flat coil to the sensor element layer 5 enables precise coupling of the generated magnetic fields and their uniform distribution along the surface of the sensor element layer 5. The flat coil typically has a helical winding in one or more planes, resulting in a uniform and planar magnetic field distribution of the alternating magnetic field it generates, which typically acts substantially axially on the sensor element layer 5.This arrangement of the flat coil, i.e., its planar and parallel alignment to the sensor element layer 5, results in a homogeneity of the magnetic field across the surface of the sensor element layer 5, which improves the interaction between the magnetic field and the paramagnetic centers present in the sensor element layer 5. This specific orientation of the flat coil also reduces its susceptibility to field disturbances and achieves optimized energy transfer to the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. This configuration improves the overall sensitivity of the sensor because the magnetic fields generated by the parallel flat coil arrangement act directly on the entire surface of the sensor element layer 5. This enables uniform excitation of the paramagnetic centers, which is reflected in more stable and precise fluorescence radiation 14.The parallel arrangement of the flat coil to the sensor element layer 5 also prevents magnetic field deviations that could lead to measurement errors and ensures that the magnetic fields act on the sensor element layer 5 with minimal energy loss. The advantage of this design is that the parallel arrangement of the flat coil to the sensor element layer 5 leads to a significant improvement in the magnetic field distribution, thereby increasing the accuracy and sensitivity of the fluorescence detection. This precise and area-wide field transfer enables uniform excitation of the paramagnetic centers and thus considerably improves the performance and reliability of the eddy current camera head.

[0071] In a fifth embodiment of the proposed eddy current camera head, the eddy current camera head 21 preferably has an opening in one or more of the magnetic field generating coils 80, which is enclosed by the leads of the magnetic field generating coils 80, and wherein the sensor element layer 5 is arranged in this opening, or is arranged in a substantially equivalent manner. In the fifth embodiment of the described eddy current camera head, at least one of the magnetic field generating coils 80 is thus preferably designed to have a central opening. This opening is preferably completely enclosed by the leads of the magnetic field generating coil 80, thereby enabling a targeted field distribution within the coil structure.The sensor element layer 5 is preferably positioned in this opening or in a functionally equivalent position relative to the magnetic field generating coils 80, or arranged in a substantially equivalent manner. In this document, the term "substantially" describes a tolerance or deviation within narrow, measurable limits that does not substantially impair the intended purpose or function of the described feature for the respective application. In technical and legal contexts, particularly in patent applications such as the present document, "substantially" typically means a deviation of less than ±10% of the specified or ideal values. Alternatively, "substantially" can also be understood to mean that at least 90% of the stated property or functionality is achieved. This tolerance limit ensures that the feature continues to fulfill its intended effect or function despite minor deviations.With regard to spatial arrangements or geometric parameters, "essentially parallel" can, for example, mean an angular deviation of no more than ±5°, while "essentially centered" means that the offset is less than 10% of the total dimension. This arrangement of a magnetic field generating coil 80 with an opening enclosed by the leads of the magnetic field generating coils 80, and wherein the sensor element layer 5 is arranged in this opening, or is arranged in an substantially equivalent manner, causes the generated magnetic field to be concentrated within the opening, thereby achieving a targeted focusing of the magnetic field onto the sensor element layer 5.By placing the sensor element layer 5 in this central region of the magnetic field generation coil 80, it is ensured that the paramagnetic centers within the sensor element layer 5 are exposed to an intense and homogeneous magnetic field (alternating magnetic field). This field homogeneity optimizes the interaction between the paramagnetic centers and the generated magnetic field, thereby achieving consistent and reliable excitation of the fluorescence radiation 14. The design of the magnetic field generation coil 80 with an opening in the center allows for effective alignment of the field lines that run axially through the sensor element layer 5. This arrangement reduces interference fields and minimizes magnetic deviations at the edges of the sensor element layer 5, which could otherwise lead to undesirable signal variations.The coil leads enclose the sensor element layer 5 on several sides, thus forming a closed magnetic field that completely penetrates the sensor element layer 5 and generates a uniform magnetic field strength across its entire surface. Since the magnetic field in this configuration is preferably concentrated precisely on the preferably central opening and the sensor element layer 5 located therein, energy loss is minimized and the efficiency of generating the alternating magnetic field is maximized. This specific arrangement makes it possible to achieve the required flux density of the alternating magnetic field with a comparatively low power input, which reduces the energy consumption of the eddy current camera head and thus of the eddy current camera's sensor system, while simultaneously increasing the sensor sensitivity.The magnetic field concentration in the opening of the magnetic field-generating coil 80 also supports precise and uniform excitation of all paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5, resulting in homogeneous fluorescence emission. The advantage of this design is that the targeted arrangement of the sensor element layer 5 in the central opening of the magnetic field-generating coil 80 achieves high magnetic field stability and homogeneity. This arrangement optimizes the efficiency of the field transfer of the alternating magnetic field to the sensor element layer 5, improving sensor sensitivity and reducing energy consumption. Overall, this configuration contributes to a more reliable and precise measurement of the magnetic and optical parameters, making the eddy current camera head 21 more versatile and powerful.

[0072] In a sixth embodiment of the proposed eddy current camera head, preferably one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils 80, and / or a group of magnetic field-generating coils 80, are configured to generate a magnetic dipole, quadrupole, or octupole field at a specific current. Thus, in this sixth embodiment of the described eddy current camera head, preferably one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils, or alternatively a group of such coils, are configured to generate complex, multipolar magnetic fields at a corresponding current. This configuration allows the eddy current camera head 21 to generate a magnetic dipole, quadrupole, octupole, or multipole field, depending on the application requirements.The generated magnetic fields (alternating magnetic fields) exhibit different field line distributions and intensity profiles, thereby interacting in a specific manner with the sensor element layer 5 and the workpiece 17 and enabling further analysis of the workpiece 17. Preferably, a computer system, which may be a computer system of the eddy current camera head and / or the eddy current camera, controls the current flow to one or more of the magnetic field generating coils 80 by means of computer- and / or machine-implemented methods such that the desired alternating magnetic field results, in particular, as an alternating magnetic field specified by the computer system and / or as a multipole alternating magnetic field and / or as a magnetic superposition of one or more multipole alternating magnetic fields and / or as an alternating magnetic field.A magnetic dipole field offers a relatively uniform magnetic field distribution of the alternating magnetic field, which is particularly suitable for the basic excitation of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 and generates a uniform field strength over a larger area. In contrast, a quadrupole alternating field has four main pole regions that selectively focus the alternating magnetic field onto several distinct sectors of the sensor element layer 5. This enables more precise control of the alternating magnetic field and more differentiated excitation of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5, especially when different magnetic flux densities of the alternating magnetic field are required in different regions of the sensor element layer 5.Finally, an octupole field offers eight field poles, thereby achieving even higher precision and additional degrees of freedom in the field distribution of the alternating magnetic field, which is particularly advantageous for the investigation of fine material structures or smaller workpieces. 17 The ability to generate dipole, quadrupole, octupole, or multipole fields is achieved by the targeted current application to the magnetic field-generating coils. 80 This current application is preferably precisely controlled by the computer system of the eddy current camera using a computer- or machine-implemented method to generate the desired field distribution of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field.The coil arrangement and the control options for the electric currents in the magnetic field-generating coils 80 allow the computer system of the eddy current camera to adjust the magnetic field configuration without requiring any physical modifications to the coil structure. This gives the eddy current camera head 21 of the magnetic field camera presented here a high degree of flexibility and enables optimization of the field adaptation to the specific requirements of the respective measurement situation. Advantage of the technical design: By being able to generate magnetic dipole, quadrupole, and / or octupole and multipole fields, this sixth variant of the eddy current camera head significantly expands the range of applications.The eddy current camera head 21 of the eddy current camera can thus selectively analyze different material properties, making it versatile and efficient for a range of complex measurement requirements in material testing and structural diagnostics. The various magnetic field configurations offer precise adjustment options and allow for a detailed and versatile analysis of the workpiece characteristics of the workpiece 17.

[0073] In a seventh embodiment of the proposed eddy current camera head, the eddy current camera head 21 preferably comprises auxiliary magnets (19), which preferably include permanent magnets or are permanent magnets themselves. These permanent magnets are preferably positioned and designed to complement and enhance the magnetic field of the magnetic field-generating coils 80. Preferably, they adjust the operating points by means of a bias magnetic field superimposed on the alternating magnetic field such that the sensitivity of the eddy current camera is maximized for the respective application. By integrating auxiliary magnets into the eddy current camera head 21, a static base magnetic field is preferably generated as a bias magnetic field, which acts over the entire surface of the sensor element layer 5 and thus on the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5.These auxiliary magnets stabilize the field and ensure a uniform magnetic field strength, which can be modified by the active magnetic field-generating coils 80 as needed to realize complex magnetic field configurations. The permanent magnets can be positioned so that the static magnetic field they generate influences the intensity and direction of the magnetic field in the sensor element layer 5 by amplifying or attenuating the alternating fields generated by the coils. This targeted modulation enables highly precise control over the overall magnetic field to which the sensor element layer 5 is exposed for sensitivity optimization. Since permanent magnets generate a constant magnetic field, they serve as a reliable source of the base magnetic field for operating point setting in addition to the modulation by the controllable magnetic field-generating coils 80, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of the magnetic measurement.This configuration creates a constant magnetic reference field (bias magnetic field) that provides an optimized starting point for further magnetic adjustments by the magnetic field-generating coils 80. This allows the overall field to be finely adjusted to the specific requirements of the sensor element layer 5 and the respective measurement task. This is particularly useful when precise calibrations are required or when the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I is needed. flThe (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is to be amplified by a stable magnetic baseline strength in the sensor element layer 5. Permanent magnets are particularly suitable because they generate a stable and long-lasting magnetic field and, unlike electromagnetic coils, do not require any additional energy input. This energy-efficient base structure reduces the power consumption of the eddy current camera head and minimizes heat generation, thus expanding its application possibilities in sensitive environments and lowering operating costs. Advantage of the technical design: The addition of permanent magnets as auxiliary magnets provides a stable magnetic baseline value that complements the magnetic fields of the coils and enables higher measurement accuracy.The eddy current camera head 21 can generate uniform and stable magnetic fields that are ideal for precise, repeatable measurements, while also offering energy savings through the reduced need for active magnetic fields.

[0074] In an eighth variant of the proposed eddy current camera head, the sensor element layer preferably comprises five diamonds with NV centers as paramagnetic centers. In this eighth variant of the proposed technical solution, the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera head comprises diamonds that exhibit specially modified paramagnetic centers, so-called NV centers (nitrogen vacancy centers). These NV centers are created, for example, by the targeted introduction (implantation) of nitrogen atoms and adjacent vacancies into the crystal lattice of the diamond, or by irradiating nitrogen-containing diamonds with electrons at an energy of approximately 10 MeV, followed by heat treatment. This results in stable paramagnetic centers that are characterized by special magnetic and optical properties and are therefore ideally suited for highly sensitive sensor applications.The NV centers in diamonds possess the unique ability to emit a distinctive fluorescence radiation 14 when excited with light of a specific wavelength (532 nm). This emission is particularly stable and exhibits a clear dependence on the magnetic flux density in the magnetic environment of the NV centers. This property makes the NV centers ideal measuring points, as they allow for the precise detection of minute changes in magnetic field (i.e., minute changes in magnetic flux density). This fluorescence intensity I. lThe magnetic fields emitted by the fluorescence radiation (t,x,y) of the NV centers can be influenced by the magnetic flux density, enabling high-resolution and low-noise measurements with NV centers embedded in diamonds. In the sensor element layer 5, the diamonds are embedded in such a way that the NV centers are arranged in an optimal spatial configuration, ensuring a uniform response to external magnetic fields. Furthermore, the concentration and orientation of the NV centers within the diamond can be controlled to achieve maximum sensitivity and precision in the measurement of magnetic fields. The use of diamonds guarantees the long-term stability and temperature resistance of the paramagnetic centers, which is particularly advantageous in demanding industrial or scientific applications.Additionally, due to their low scattering and high light transmittance in the wavelength ranges of pump radiation 13 and fluorescence radiation 14, diamonds are an ideal material for optical measurements. This enables minimal signal distortion and thus a particularly clear and intense fluorescence response. These optical properties of diamond contribute to the high quality of the measurement signal and allow for precise and repeatable acquisition of fluorescence data. A further advantage of this technical approach is that the use of NV centers in diamonds as paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 significantly improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the eddy current camera head. The exceptional stability and optical clarity of diamonds allow for precise and noise-free detection of even the smallest magnetic field changes, thereby increasing the overall performance of the sensor system.The high temperature and radiation stability of the diamonds also expands the application range of the eddy current camera head for extremely sensitive and long-term measurement applications. Using diamond dust as diamonds increases the resolution and allows the fabrication of large-area sensor elements and sensor element layers that far exceed the size of single crystals.

[0075] In a ninth embodiment of the proposed eddy current camera head, the diamonds preferably comprise a plurality of diamonds oriented differently relative to one another. In this ninth embodiment of the technical solution, the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera head is designed to comprise a plurality of diamonds, each exhibiting different orientations relative to one another. This arrangement of multiple diamonds with varying orientations ensures that the NV centers contained within the diamonds possess a broad sensitivity to magnetic fields. The different crystal orientations enable the paramagnetic NV centers in the diamonds to respond to magnetic fields from various spatial directions, preferably isotropically, thus allowing for three-dimensional and comprehensive magnetic field measurement.The different orientations of the diamonds ensure that the sensor element layer 5 reacts equally, and therefore isotropically, to magnetic fields in every direction. This is particularly useful because magnetic fields (alternating magnetic fields) in practice rarely align perfectly along a single axis, but often exhibit complex, spatially variable distributions. The combination of diamonds with different orientations ensures that every magnetic component of an incident field is detected, resulting in maximum information density about the field structure. To create this arrangement, the diamonds are embedded in the sensor element layer 5 in random or specifically arranged orientations, which ensures uniform sensitivity in all directions.The use of differently oriented diamonds increases the detection efficiency of the eddy current camera head because the optical response of the NV centers varies depending on their orientation to the magnetic field. This orientation optimizes the fluorescence response and increases the signal strength, resulting in precise and differentiated measurements, regardless of the direction from which the magnetic field acts. This versatile orientation eliminates the need to mechanically align or adjust the eddy current camera head 21 to accurately measure a specific field direction. This significantly simplifies the manufacturing of the eddy current camera head. The large number of diamonds allows for homogeneous magnetic field detection and prevents interference or loss of sensitivity during magnetic field measurements in unfavorable orientations.The advantage of this technical design: The arrangement of differently oriented diamonds maximizes the sensitivity of the eddy current camera head to magnetic fields from all directions. This diversity enables precise detection of complex magnetic fields and increases measurement accuracy without requiring complex alignment of the eddy current camera head. This expands the application range of the sensor system and improves its performance, particularly in applications where complex or three-dimensional magnetic field structures need to be detected.

[0076] In a tenth variant of the proposed eddy current camera head, the sensor element layer 5 preferably comprises a carrier material in which the diamonds are embedded and which is suitable for electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmpthe pump radiation 13 is essentially transparent and that for electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength λ fl The fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers is essentially transparent. In this tenth variant of the technical solution, the sensor element layer 5 thus preferably comprises a specially selected support material in which the diamonds with NV centers are embedded. This support material is preferably such that it is transparent to electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp The pump radiation 13 used is essentially transparent. At the same time, the support material preferably also exhibits high transparency to electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength λ. flthe fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers. The selection of a material with these properties typically ensures that the pump radiation 13 can pass through the support material almost unimpeded and efficiently excite the embedded NV centers in the diamonds or the paramagnetic centers. High transparency of the support material at the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp maximizes energy transfer to the paramagnetic NV centers, resulting in intense and consistent fluorescence radiation. This is particularly important for obtaining a clear and strong signal, which is necessary for precise magnetic field measurement. Additionally, the transparency of the support material at the fluorescence radiation wavelength λ ensures flThis typically ensures that the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the NV centers passes through the material without significant absorption or scattering and can exit the sensor element layer 5. This allows the signal to be transmitted to the light sensor array with minimal loss, significantly increasing the measurement accuracy. This enables even weak fluorescence signals to be detected precisely, thereby increasing the sensor sensitivity and the resolution of the measurement system. Furthermore, the substrate material acts as a mechanically stabilizing base for the diamonds with the NV centers or the crystals with the paramagnetic centers, ensuring that the NV centers or paramagnetic centers remain in an optimal spatial arrangement to guarantee uniform excitation and detection.The physical structure of the material is designed to withstand thermal and mechanical stresses, thus ensuring the long-term functionality and stability of the eddy current camera head even in demanding environments. Advantage of the technical design: The use of an essentially transparent substrate material for the pump radiation wavelengths λ. pmp and fluorescence radiation wavelengths λ fl This improves the efficiency of energy transfer and reduces signal loss. This enables highly precise and noise-free detection of fluorescence radiation 14, leading to increased sensitivity and measurement accuracy of the eddy current camera head and expanding its suitability for applications with demanding optical and magnetic detection requirements. Eddy current camera

[0077] Furthermore, this document describes an eddy current camera comprising an eddy current camera head 21, a control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and a computer system (28) for controlling the control device of the eddy current camera head (21). Preferably, the eddy current camera head 21 corresponds to one of the previously presented variants of the eddy current camera head. The control device can be wholly or partially part of the eddy current camera head and / or be located wholly or partially outside the eddy current camera head. The control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21) is preferably configured to energize one or more of the magnetic field generating coils 80 with an electrical control current that has at least an alternating current component. The computer system (28) is preferably configured toThe current flow to one or more magnetic field generating coils 80 is controlled by the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21). The computer system (28) is preferably additionally configured to generate, from a fluorescence image and / or the phase images of the eddy current camera head (21), an eddy current image of one or more eddy currents and / or an eddy current field and / or an image of the distribution of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields, and / or a one-, two-, three- or more-dimensional diagram of a value that is related to or corresponds to the current value distribution of the eddy current field and / or the distribution of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields, using a computer- and / or machine-implemented method.to generate and / or to produce a diagram of the eddy current amplitude or the amplitude of the magnetic flux density and / or one or more magnetic reaction fields or a related quantity along a line through the fluorescence image and / or phase image. The document described herein thus discloses a highly developed eddy current camera which includes, among other things, an eddy current camera head 21, a control device for the targeted control of this eddy current camera head, and a computer system (28) for comprehensive control and data processing of the control device. The eddy current camera head 21 in this configuration can comprise any of the preceding variants of an eddy current camera head, which allows for flexible adaptation to different application requirements and increases the versatility of the eddy current camera. The control device represents a central component,which can be integrated into the system in various ways. It can be designed completely or partially as an integral part of the eddy current camera head or – wholly or partially – located outside the eddy current camera head. This modular design allows for flexible adaptation of the eddy current camera's structure to specific spatial and functional requirements, such as those that may arise in industrial applications or research facilities. This optimizes the camera's implementation in different environments and for diverse applications. The control device is specifically designed to supply one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 contained in the eddy current camera head 21 with an electrical control current that includes at least an alternating current component. The introduction of an alternating current component allows the generation of alternating magnetic fields within the coils.which in turn are suitable for inducing targeted eddy currents in the workpiece 17 under investigation. The ability to vary alternating current parameters such as frequency and amplitude increases the flexibility of the eddy current camera for different materials and magnetic properties of the workpiece 17. The computer system (28) is preferably another essential unit of the eddy current camera and typically serves to control the control device of the eddy current camera head. It is preferably configured to perform precise and dynamic control of the current supply to the magnetic field-generating coils 80. This allows the field strength and frequency of the alternating magnetic field to be adjusted according to the requirements of the respective measurement task, which is particularly important for workpieces 17 with different material properties. The computer system coordinates the current parameters and can adjust them in real time.to ensure ideal conditions for the induction of eddy currents and their subsequent acquisition by the eddy current camera head 21. Additionally, the computer system is preferably designed to further process fluorescence images and / or phase images acquired by the light sensor array 1 of the eddy current camera head. Using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods, based, for example, on image processing and analysis algorithms, the computer system and / or another computer system preferably generates an eddy current image, or an image that closely approximates such an eddy current image, from these fluorescence images and / or phase images.or an image of the distribution of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields. Such an eddy current image can depict the spatial distribution and intensity of the eddy currents induced in the workpiece 17 and provides a detailed visualization of the magnetic properties and any material inhomogeneities of the workpiece 17. Furthermore, the computer system allows the display of diagrams that visualize specific information about the current value and / or magnetization distribution within the eddy current field in the material. This can be in the form of a single-,Two- or three-dimensional diagrams can be generated, illustrating various aspects of the current flow and / or current density profile in workpiece 17. Such diagrams are particularly useful for analyzing and characterizing the internal structure of materials within workpiece 17 and allow conclusions to be drawn about their properties, such as the presence of cracks, voids, or inclusions. Furthermore, the computer system can generate a diagram of the eddy current amplitude or a related physical quantity along a defined line through the fluorescence image and / or phase image. Optionally, the computer system can also generate a diagram of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields or a related physical quantity along a defined line through the fluorescence image and / or phase image. This function allows for targeted,Linear analysis of the eddy current signal and / or the intensity signal of the magnetic reaction fields generated in workpiece 17 is particularly helpful in investigating interfaces and layer structures in the materials of a workpiece 17. The ability to display specific values ​​along a path in detail in the fluorescence image and / or phase image increases the precision and accuracy of the evaluation and enables a differentiated assessment of the material or component. Advantage of the technical teaching: The combination of a versatile eddy current camera head with a powerful control device and a sophisticated computer system enables the eddy current camera to perform precise,Detailed and customizable analysis of workpieces 17. By integrating computer- and machine-aided methods for image processing and data generation, a comprehensive representation and analysis of magnetic eddy currents as well as flexible and high-resolution detection of material structures and defects is achieved. This expands the camera's application possibilities and offers significant advantages in industrial quality assurance, non-destructive material testing, and research.

[0078] Furthermore, this document describes, in a second embodiment, a second eddy current camera that is slightly modified compared to the first. This second eddy current camera preferably comprises, for example, an eddy current camera head 21 as described above, a control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and a computer system (28) for controlling the control device of the eddy current camera head (21). The control device can be wholly or partially part of the eddy current camera head and / or be located wholly or partially outside the eddy current camera head. The control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21) is preferably configured to energize one or more of the magnetic field generating coils 80 with an electrical control current that has at least an alternating current component.The computer system (28) is preferably configured to control the current supply to one or more magnetic field-generating coils 80 by means of the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21). The computer system (28) is preferably configured to infer one or more properties of a workpiece 17 from one or more acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images of the eddy current camera head (21) by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method. This workpiece 17 interacts with a magnetic field of one or more magnetic field-generating coils 80 of the eddy current camera head (21) and interacts with the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera head (21). This document thus describes a second eddy current camera, slightly modified compared to the first variant, which is also designed for the precise acquisition and analysis of magnetic properties of workpieces 17.This second embodiment comprises the eddy current camera head 21, the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and the computer system (28) for controlling the control device. The eddy current camera head 21 of this variant can be based on the eddy current camera head 21 variants described in the preceding sections and is thus flexibly configurable to meet the specific requirements of the respective application. In this embodiment, the control device is either fully or partially integrated into the eddy current camera head 21 or, alternatively, arranged fully or partially outside the eddy current camera head. This modular design enables precise adaptation to various application conditions and space requirements, as the control device is designed for both integrated and decentralized operation.The control device has the essential task of supplying one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 in the eddy current camera head 21 with an electrical control current that contains at least an alternating current component. The eddy current camera essentially comprises an eddy current camera supplemented by means for generating an alternating magnetic field. This also applies to the eddy current camera described above. Preferably, the control device is also designed and configured for operating the other functional elements of the eddy current camera function. Otherwise, the eddy current camera system additionally includes these functional elements, which are preferably also controlled by the computer system of the eddy current camera. This also applies to the first eddy current camera presented above.This alternating current component typically generates alternating magnetic fields in the magnetic field generation coils 80 of the second eddy current camera, which in turn induce targeted eddy currents in the workpiece 17. These induced eddy currents allow the representation of the magnetic and electrical properties of the workpiece 17 and offer valuable insights into its structure and material composition. The computer system (28) of the second variant of the eddy current camera typically also controls the control device. This control preferably includes the dynamic adjustment of the parameters of the control current, in particular the frequency and amplitude of the alternating current for operating the magnetic field generation coils, in order to optimally adapt the induction process of the eddy currents in the workpiece 17 to its specific properties.The alternating current for operating the magnetic field-generating coils 80 can be a plurality of partial alternating currents for operating the magnetic field-generating coils 80, each with a different frequency and amplitude. The sum of these partial alternating currents then forms the alternating current for operating the magnetic field-generating coils. Due to the superposition principle, each partial alternating current then generates a corresponding partial alternating magnetic field by means of the magnetic field-generating coils 80, with its respective frequency and phase and an amplitude corresponding to its respective amplitude. The superposition of the partial alternating magnetic fields then forms the alternating magnetic field.The electric current for operating the magnetic field-generating coils 80 thus comprises at least a partial alternating current and therefore generates at least a partial alternating magnetic field with at least one frequency and one amplitude. The alternating magnetic field therefore comprises at least a partial alternating magnetic field with at least one frequency and one amplitude. The targeted control of the alternating current by the computer system and the control device of the eddy current camera allows for differentiated magnetic field alignment, differentiated magnetic field structuring, a differentiated magnetic field spectrum, and a differentiated magnetic field strength, which can be precisely aligned with the requirements of the respective measurement task. A key feature of the computer system of the eddy current camera is its ability to extract valuable information about the workpiece 17 under investigation from the fluorescence images and / or phase images acquired by the eddy current camera head 21.The computer system is preferably configured to evaluate these fluorescence images and / or phase images and / or sequences of fluorescence images and / or phase images using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods. For example, specialized image processing algorithms can be used that are capable of deducing the underlying magnetic interactions from the fluorescence patterns of the NV centers or paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 and / or the phase delay patterns of the fluorescence radiation and generating an image of the eddy current distribution in the investigated workpiece 17.This eddy current image typically provides a detailed representation of the material's magnetic and structural properties and can be used to determine important characteristics of the workpiece 17, such as crack formation, material inhomogeneities, or foreign inclusions. Additionally, the eddy current camera's computer system is typically able to draw conclusions about specific properties of the workpiece 17 from the acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images. These properties interact with the generated magnetic field of the magnetic field generation coils 80 and the sensor element layer 5. These parameters may include, for example, information about the material structure, conductivity, and specific composition.This is particularly relevant for applications requiring non-destructive testing of internal material structures, such as in quality assurance or materials research. The eddy current camera's computer system's ability to infer material properties through computer- and machine-implemented methods enables a comprehensive and precise analysis of the workpiece 17 without the need for invasive or destructive testing. This offers significant advantages in production monitoring, troubleshooting, and the testing of complex components where high precision and reliability of the measurement results are crucial.The computer system of a first or second eddy current camera can, for example, comprise one or more processor cores (CPUs), one or more memories (which can be volatile or non-volatile), compression units (e.g., for compressing the video data stream from the light sensor array 1 into a video format), data bus interfaces, interrupt logic, clock systems, reset circuits, and possibly other components of a computer system, as described in textbooks for such systems. The advantage of this technical approach is that the second variant of the eddy current camera is also characterized by its flexibility and precision. The modular arrangement of the control device, the adaptive control options of the computer system, and the powerful evaluation of fluorescence images and / or phase images for deriving material-related properties offer a reliable, non-destructive method for analyzing and evaluating workpieces.This solution is ideally suited for applications requiring high sensitivity and detail accuracy, while also offering high flexibility in terms of spatial and functional requirements in industrial and scientific use.

[0079] In a first embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21) is preferably configured to supply one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 with an electrical control current that has at least one alternating current component with at least one alternating current frequency and at least one alternating current amplitude. In the first embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the control device for the targeted control of the eddy current camera head (21) is specifically designed to supply one or more of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 with an electrical control current. This control current is characterized by the fact that it contains at least one alternating current component, wherein both an alternating current frequency and an alternating current amplitude are defined.The provision of an alternating current component is crucial, as it enables the generation of an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic field-generating coils 80. This alternating field interacts directly with the workpiece 17 under test by selectively inducing eddy currents within it. The precisely adjustable alternating current frequency allows the characteristics of the magnetic field to be adapted to the specific physical properties of the workpiece 17. Different materials and their conductivities require varying frequencies to generate optimal eddy currents and thus utilize the maximum sensitivity of the eddy current camera head. The ability to select a suitable frequency enables precise adjustment of the eddy current distribution and thus improved detection depth and accuracy.The alternating current amplitude is also a critical parameter, as it determines the strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field-generating coils 80. Fine adjustment of the amplitude allows for precise control of the intensity of the induced eddy currents. This enables highly precise measurements of the material properties in the workpiece 17, particularly when it comes to locating defects or inhomogeneities. High amplitudes can be used to generate stronger magnetic fields that penetrate deeper into the workpiece 17, while lower amplitudes allow for finer surface detection. Precise control of the frequency and amplitude of the alternating current in the control device thus ensures flexible adaptation of the eddy current camera to various testing conditions.This technical design enables the optimization of the eddy current camera head for various workpiece types and testing requirements, significantly expanding the camera's application possibilities. A key advantage of this design is the adjustability of the AC frequency and amplitude, allowing for detailed adaptation of the induced eddy currents to the specific properties of the workpiece under investigation.17 This leads to improved adaptation of the measurement parameters, resulting in higher accuracy and sensitivity for the eddy current camera. The ability to flexibly vary the field strength and penetration depth increases the efficiency and precision of material testing and supports the non-destructive analysis of complex material structures.

[0080] In a second embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) is preferably configured to adjust and / or control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude by means of the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and / or, in particular, by executing a computer-implemented and / or machine-implemented program. In this second embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) thus preferably has special functional features that enable precise control and adjustment of the electrical control current. Here, the computer system is designed to adjust and selectively control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude of the control current for the magnetic field-generating coils 80 in the eddy current camera head 21.This control is preferably achieved via the control device of the eddy current camera head (21), wherein the computer system preferably executes computer-implemented and / or machine-implemented programs that ensure highly precise control of the respective current parameters and whose program code is preferably stored at least temporarily in one or more memory locations of the computer system. The computer system's ability to adjust the AC component ensures flexible adjustment of the induced magnetic field, which serves to generate the required eddy currents in the workpiece 17. By controlling the AC amplitude, the computer system can adjust the strength of the induced magnetic field in real time to control the depth and intensity of the induced eddy currents.This allows the computer system and / or a user to adjust the eddy current camera to different workpiece materials and thicknesses, as well as to specific material properties such as conductivity and magnetizability. Of particular note is the application of computer-implemented and machine-implemented programs for the automated control of the control device. These programs enable the computer system to continuously and precisely adapt the current parameters of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 to the respective requirements, taking into account factors such as the material properties of the workpiece 17 or specific requirements of the measurement task. Through the continuous adjustment and optimization of these parameters, the quality and accuracy of the acquired measurement data are maximized.In addition, the ability to control the AC amplitude of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field offers considerable flexibility with regard to the magnetic field intensity that the eddy current camera can generate. Low AC amplitudes of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field are ideal for sensitive measurements on surfaces or for finely tuned tests, while higher AC amplitudes of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field intensify the eddy currents and enable the examination of deeper material layers in the workpiece 17.Low AC frequencies of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field result in low-frequency alternating magnetic fields that penetrate deeper into the material of the workpiece 17. Higher AC frequencies of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field result in higher-frequency alternating magnetic fields that penetrate less deeply into the material of the workpiece 17 and therefore typically allow for the measurement of near-surface properties of the material of the workpiece 17. This feature is particularly valuable when complex, layer-by-layer investigations of material samples are required or when deeper layers of a workpiece 17 need to be specifically analyzed.This can be achieved, for example, by multiple measurements at different AC frequencies of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field. Multiple measurements of the workpiece 17 at different AC amplitudes of the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field enable the detection of nonlinear properties of the workpiece material 17. Advantage of this technical approach: Through the combination of precise control of the AC component and the AC amplitude, as well as the use of advanced computer- and machine-implemented programs, this variant of the eddy current camera offers an exceptionally adaptable and highly precise method for non-destructive material testing.This significantly increases the applicability of the eddy current camera in various industrial and scientific fields by simplifying adaptation to different workpiece materials and application requirements and significantly improving the accuracy of the measurements.

[0081] In a third embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) is preferably configured to adjust and / or control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude, depending on one or more acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images, by means of the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and / or, in particular, by executing a computer-implemented and / or machine-implemented program. In this third embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) is thus specifically configured to control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude depending on one or more acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images and / or parameters.The computer system typically accesses a control device for the eddy current camera head (21) to make targeted adjustments in real time. This adjustment of the current parameters is preferably carried out by the targeted execution of computer-implemented or machine-implemented programs. The computer system's ability to directly analyze data from the acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images and then dynamically adjust the current parameters for the magnetic field-generating coils 80 enables iterative, highly precise control of the generated eddy currents. This provides faster, more relevant, and more precise measured values ​​for the given measurement task. The fluorescence image sequence or phase image sequence of the fluorescence images or phase images acquired with different current parameters is...Changes visible in a single fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the material properties or structural features of the workpiece 17, can thus be directly used to further optimize the magnetic field in the magnetic field generation coil 80. This dynamic adjustment typically takes place in a closed control loop, in which the computer system continuously evaluates image data from the fluorescence images and / or phase images and subsequently modifies the current parameters to ensure the best possible interaction with the workpiece material and maximum knowledge gain about the workpiece 17.The execution of computer-implemented or machine-implemented programs for the automated control of the current and frequency of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field allows the eddy current camera to be optimally adapted to the specific properties of the workpiece 17 and the specific measurement task, and ensures a significant improvement in measurement accuracy and reliability in the detection of defects or material inhomogeneities. Advantage of the technical design: The technical design of this variant offers the advantage that the computer system directly controls the adaptation of the magnetic field based on the acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images, leading to more efficient and accurate detection.This enables adaptive and precise control of the current parameters and thus a more precise recording of the workpiece properties, which significantly expands the application possibilities of the eddy current camera.

[0082] In a fourth embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) of the eddy current camera is preferably configured to execute a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method to infer and thus detect properties of the workpiece 17. In this fourth embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system 28 of the camera is designed to execute a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method to recognize and analyze specific properties of a workpiece 17. The computer system typically utilizes an advanced algorithm architecture capable of evaluating acquired fluorescence images and / or phase images and magnetic flux data, preferably in real time.This is preferably done on the basis of a large number of data points that are generated in the fluorescence image and / or phase image by the interaction of the eddy currents with the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5.

[0083] The execution of computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence (AI) methods by the computer system typically serves the purpose of analyzing the properties of workpiece 17, thereby enabling precise material detection and classification. The integration of one or more computer- and / or machine-implemented, AI-supported analysis methods into the eddy current camera ensures that the system can, for example, continuously and efficiently learn from the collected data and use this information for a differentiated material assessment. The AI-supported computer- and / or machine-implemented method preferably recognizes patterns and deviations in the collected data and fluorescence images and / or phase images that indicate, for example, material properties such as conductivity, structural integrity, or magnetic variations.Here, image data, for example from fluorescence images and / or phase images, are preferably processed in a computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis process using computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning methods and computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks, enabling the system to automatically distinguish between regular and anomalous properties. The computer system is thus able to draw automated conclusions about material differences, inhomogeneities, or potential defects in workpiece 17, leading to improved detection accuracy. Various computer- and / or machine-implementable artificial intelligence methods are typically available to meet this requirement. The most important are neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, and clustering algorithms. These methods are described in detail below. Neural networks

[0084] Neural networks are computer- and / or machine-implemented, self-learning algorithms based on the machine simulation of human brain function. A computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network is preferably built in layers, consisting of interconnected neurons that transmit signals through the network. For use in eddy current cameras, the neural network can be trained using a variety of fluorescence and / or phase images of known workpiece samples with known properties. This enables the eddy current camera to recognize specific patterns or deviations in the material structure during subsequent operation.Depending on their design, these can be simple, multi-layered computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks, or more sophisticated computer- and / or machine-implemented "deep learning" networks capable of capturing and analyzing complex, non-linear relationships in image data. The application of computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks proves particularly advantageous in the computer- and / or machine-implemented detection of material defects such as cracks or inclusions. Decision trees

[0085] Decision trees typically use a hierarchical structure of computer- and / or machine-implemented rules to perform computer- and / or machine-implemented classifications. These computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms typically create a model based on fluorescence data through a sequence of computer- and / or machine-implemented "if-then" decisions. The computer- and / or machine-implemented procedure separates the data along criteria such as intensity and homogeneity of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and, based on this, makes computer- and / or machine-implemented predictions about the material properties. Computer- and / or machine-implemented decision trees are particularly advantageous when workpiece materials can be distinguished based on clearly defined criteria. Support Vector Machines (SVM)

[0086] Computer- and / or machine-implemented support vector machines (SVMs) are typically AI algorithms that identify linear or nonlinear dividing lines (so-called "hyperplanes") to differentiate groups of data. Such an SVM can be trained on features in pre-existing fluorescence images and / or phase images that indicate specific material properties. This method is particularly effective for clearly separating different classes, such as different material types or defect types. Clustering algorithms

[0087] Computer- and / or machine-implemented clustering algorithms classify datasets into groups or "clusters" without requiring explicitly labeled training data. Examples include computer- and / or machine-implemented k-means or hierarchical clustering methods. Such algorithms analyze the similarity in the fluorescence signals of sensor element layer 5 and automatically group them into clusters. This can provide valuable insights into the homogeneity and consistency of the material and allows for the computer- and / or machine-implemented detection of deviations that might indicate inclusions, impurities, or material fatigue.

[0088] Advantage of technical training: Through the integration of computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence, the eddy current camera is capable of performing workpiece analyses independently and with adaptive learning capabilities. This significantly improves material recognition and defect detection, as the system can flexibly adapt to different material properties and continuously refine its detection capabilities. The various computer- and / or machine-implemented AI methods offer precise adjustments to the specific requirements of material testing and enable accurate and reliable computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of material conditions and structural anomalies. The intelligent computer- and / or machine-implemented evaluation leads to higher accuracy and can automatically detect and analyze various materials as well as specific workpiece conditions.The use of computer- and / or machine-implemented AI reduces the need for manual analysis while increasing the accuracy of workpiece inspection, thus providing the eddy current camera with a more efficient, adaptive and reliable method for non-destructive testing of workpieces 17.

[0089] In a fifth variant of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method preferably comprises a method for executing a neural network model and / or a machine learning method. In this fifth variant of the first or second eddy current camera, a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method is preferably used in the eddy current camera, which is typically based on the execution of a computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model and / or a computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning method.These computer- and / or machine-implemented technologies enable highly precise computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of workpieces and their properties by automatically recognizing and evaluating patterns in the acquired fluorescence and / or phase images. The computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network models and computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning algorithms are typically specifically designed to automatically analyze complex, nonlinear relationships in image data and offer high flexibility and accuracy in material inspection and defect detection. The following describes the ten most important neural network types suitable for these purposes and which can be used as computer- and / or machine-implemented methods. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) ANNs are the basic form of neural networks and These networks typically comprise a multi-layered structure that processes information through multiple interconnected neurons. They can be trained on linear and non-linear relationships in the data, thus providing a flexible basis for simple pattern recognition tasks in fluorescence and / or phase images.

[0090] Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are typically optimized for image data processing. They use convolutional layers that detect features such as edges and textures in fluorescence and / or phase images. CNNs are ideally suited for eddy current cameras because they can efficiently process image structures and extract locally differentiated features to accurately identify material defects, for example.

[0091] Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are designed for processing sequential data and incorporate feedback loops that consider previous inputs. In eddy current cameras, RNNs could be used for the temporal analysis of image sequences to detect changes in the material across different passes.

[0092] Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are an advanced form of RNNs and are specifically designed for detecting long-term dependencies. In an eddy current camera, an LSTM network could analyze continuous image data to identify recurring material defects or track long-term changes in material structure.

[0093] Autoencoders are neural networks that compress and then reconstruct data. This structure is frequently used for anomaly detection. In eddy current cameras, autoencoders can be used to learn typical features of undamaged material and then effectively detect deviations such as cracks or inclusions.

[0094] Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) consist of two networks, a generator and a discriminator, which are trained against each other. GANs could be used to generate synthetic reference images of a defect-free workpiece 17. These reference images could then be used for difference analysis to efficiently identify defects in the actual workpiece 17.

[0095] Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFNs) use radial basis functions as activation functions and are particularly well-suited for classification problems. For eddy current cameras, an RBFN could help classify materials or workpieces into categories, such as different alloys or material states based on specific fluorescence patterns.

[0096] Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) mimic the neural processing of the human brain with temporal precision by responding to spikes or impulses. In eddy current cameras, SNNs could be used for highly accurate temporal analysis of changes in the fluorescence image and / or phase image, and would be particularly advantageous for real-time analysis.

[0097] Transformer networks are originally known from natural language processing, but their ability to process data in parallel makes them useful for large image datasets. In an eddy current camera, transformer networks could analyze large amounts of image data simultaneously, enabling fast and efficient processing. For example, you can analyze the historical value of a single pixel or image area.

[0098] Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are designed to process data structured as nodes in a graph. These networks could be useful for eddy current cameras to map and analyze complex relationships between material structures in the image data space. The GNN structure would allow the system to detect patterns such as grain size distributions or material microstructures.

[0099] Advantage of technical training: This selection of diverse computer- and / or machine-implementable neural network models and machine learning methods enables the eddy current camera to perform highly complex image analyses, thereby providing a detailed and precise assessment of material conditions and defect patterns, as well as their temporal and spatial changes. In particular, the specialization of individual models on specific aspects of image processing contributes to the efficient and precise detection and analysis of material defects, inhomogeneities, or structural anomalies.

[0100] In a sixth embodiment of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) of the eddy current camera is preferably configured to execute a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence (AI) method to adjust and / or control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude by means of the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and / or, in particular, by executing a computer-implemented and / or machine-implemented program. In the sixth embodiment of the first or second embodiment of the eddy current camera described here, an advanced computer system is thus integrated into the eddy current camera, which is preferably specifically equipped for carrying out computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence (AI) methods.The computer system utilizes modern computer- and / or machine-implemented AI algorithms to precisely and dynamically adjust control parameters, particularly the AC component and / or the AC amplitude, via the eddy current camera head's control device. This automated control allows for highly precise adaptation to different measurement conditions and workpiece variants, thereby improving the analysis accuracy and efficiency of the entire sensor system. The computer system preferably operates with a control device that flexibly and efficiently supplies the eddy current camera head 21 with an electrical control current. This control current includes an AC component whose amplitude and frequency are selectively and automatically adjusted based on the computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis results derived from the acquired data.For this purpose, the computer system executes the AI-based control adjustments either fully autonomously or, after initial calibrations, through computer- and / or machine-implemented programs that calculate and apply the optimal alternating current component. The use of computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence in the eddy current camera's computer system offers significant advantages, particularly through the ability to perform computer- and / or machine-implemented pattern recognition and dynamic adjustments based on image data extracted from workpiece 17. Specifically, through machine learning, the system can draw on past image patterns and corresponding adjustments, and through computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks, it can analyze even complex pattern progressions and image anomalies in real time.The automatic control adjustments include both continuous adjustments of the AC component, preferably in real time, and one-time calibrations for specific measurement phases or workpiece properties. For computer- and / or machine-implemented image analysis, the computer- and / or machine-implemented AI implementation of the computer system is preferably specifically trained to recognize typical material features and anomalies in the eddy current image and to adjust the parameters for the AC component based on this computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis. Such anomalies include, for example, the detection of cracks, inclusions, or other material defects that manifest in the image data as pattern deviations or intensity changes, e.g., in the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 manifest. The system typically uses this information to directly control the drive device and preferably adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the alternating current to optimize detection sensitivity and maximize the accuracy of the eddy current measurement. A particularly valuable advantage of this technical solution lies in the use of computer- and / or machine-implemented AI algorithms to control the alternating current depending on the analyzed workpiece data. The use of computer- and / or machine-implemented AI-based control proves particularly advantageous in cases where workpieces 17 have different material properties or when the accuracy of detecting small material defects needs to be increased.For example, the system can use machine learning to recognize that certain alternating current frequencies offer higher sensitivity for a particular type of material, thus increasing detection efficiency. Through repeated adjustments, the system can continuously learn and find the optimal alternating current for specific measurement requirements. In this system, the computer- and / or machine-implemented AI also ensures that the alternating current adjustment occurs seamlessly and without human intervention. The AI-based computer- and / or machine-implemented control ensures that the system can make automatic adjustments in real time, responding automatically to both standard conditions and specific detection requirements.In combination with continuous computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the eddy current image, which is acquired in the eddy current camera head 21 by means of fluorescence radiation 14, the computer- and / or machine-implemented AI control is dynamically adjusted to changes in the material structure and can reliably detect and manage particularly difficult material structures and interfering factors. Advantage of the technical approach: The sixth variant of the eddy current camera presented here, with AI-controlled adjustment of the AC component, offers a significant advantage in terms of efficiency and precision in workpiece analysis. The continuous and automatic optimization of the AC component and amplitude based on the image patterns recognized by the computer- and / or machine-implemented AI significantly refines the material analysis.This enables a more detailed and reliable identification of material defects, optimizes detection efficiency and leads to improved results in material analysis and quality assurance.

[0101] In a seventh variant of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system (28) of the eddy current camera is preferably configured to execute a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method to adjust and / or control the alternating current component and / or the alternating current amplitude by means of the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and / or in particular by executing a computer-implemented and / or machine-implemented program, and the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method in this seventh variant comprises a method for executing a neural network model and / or a machine learning method.In the seventh variant of the first or second version of the eddy current camera, the computer system (28) thus includes advanced computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence (AI) methods for optimizing the AC parameters for controlling the eddy current camera head (21). This AI component is designed to utilize computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks and machine learning methods to automatically and dynamically control and optimize the AC component and / or the AC amplitude depending on the measurement conditions, material properties of the workpiece 17, and desired detection requirements.The computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network models and machine learning approaches used enable data-driven adaptation and decision-making specifically tailored to the analysis of fluorescence and / or phase images, allowing precise control of the eddy current camera head. The computer system can employ various types of computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks for this purpose, each tailored to the specific requirements of fluorescence and eddy current analysis. The following sections explain the most important types of computer- and / or machine-implementable neural networks and machine learning methods and demonstrate how they can support the control of the AC parameters. Classical artificial neural networks (ANNs)

[0102] A simple computer- and / or machine-implemented ANN is suitable for basic classification and pattern recognition tasks by automatically interpreting fluorescence images and / or phase images or specific image features. Through computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the image data, the ANN can determine early on whether an adjustment of the alternating current is necessary to achieve an accurate result. The computer- and / or machine-implemented network architecture, typically comprising input and hidden and output layers, allows for flexible adjustment of coil activation and frequency control by the drive device. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

[0103] Computer- and / or machine-implemented CNNs are ideally suited for the computer- and / or machine-implemented processing and analysis of the complex image data acquired by the eddy current camera head 21. These networks utilize special convolutional layers to detect image features such as cracks, inhomogeneities, or defective structural patterns. The computer- and / or machine-implemented CNN can then, for example, automatically control the corresponding frequency and amplitude adjustments to the alternating current to highlight specific image patterns that are of particular interest for material analysis. Computer- and / or machine-implemented Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs)

[0104] Computer- and / or machine-implemented RNNs, and especially LSTMs, are known for analyzing sequences and recognizing patterns over time. This property is particularly valuable when the eddy current camera records continuous fluorescence or image sequences of a workpiece 17. By analyzing these time series, the computer system can detect patterns of changes or dynamic responses to changing material states and adjust the AC parameters accordingly. Computer- and / or machine-implemented autoencoders and variational autoencoders (VAEs)

[0105] Computer- and / or machine-implemented autoencoders are neural networks that learn to compress data and extract relevant features. A computer- and / or machine-implemented autoencoder can be used in an eddy current camera to analyze fluorescence images and / or phase images or eddy current patterns and to detect potential deviations or anomalies in the material structure. By outputting the compressed image and the restored original image, the network can identify particularly conspicuous image regions and selectively adjust the alternating current accordingly. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

[0106] Computer- and / or machine-implemented GANs typically comprise two networks, a generator and a discriminator, which are preferably trained against each other. They can be used to generate synthetic, yet realistic, image data, either computer- and / or machine-implemented, for system simulation and testing. Using such synthetically generated image data, the computer system can learn to develop and apply optimal AC parameters for a variety of workpieces and defect patterns in real time. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)

[0107] Computer- and / or machine-implemented SOMs are a type of neural network used for visualization and clustering. A computer- and / or machine-implemented SOM can detect patterns in eddy current camera image data and group them according to similar material properties or defect profiles. In practice, the SOM can be configured to identify image sections that require specific current adjustments to ensure detailed material analysis. Deep Belief Networks (DBNs)

[0108] Computer- and / or machine-implemented DBNs are typically multi-layered networks that enable hierarchical feature extraction from image data. Computer- and / or machine-implemented DBNs can assist the eddy current camera's computer system 28 in identifying complex structures or hidden patterns that may indicate potential material weaknesses in the workpiece. Through computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of such patterns, the eddy current camera system can selectively adjust the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current to appropriately amplify the acquired signal values ​​of the pixels (light sensors 89) of the light sensor array 1. Capsule Networks (CapsNets)

[0109] Computer- and / or machine-implemented CapsNets offer the ability to interpret spatial relationships and the positions of objects in the image data acquired by the eddy current camera. These computer- and / or machine-implemented networks can ensure that, for moving or slightly rotating workpieces, 17 the correct image analysis is performed by the computer system 28 of the eddy current camera and that the AC component of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 is adjusted to enable the computer system 28 of the eddy current camera to consistently deliver precise detection results. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs)

[0110] Computer- and / or machine-implemented SNNs are typically designed to process information in a manner similar to the human brain, by considering temporal patterns and neuronal activity. These computer- and / or machine-implemented networks are particularly effective for real-time decision-making when executed by the eddy current camera's computer system 28. The eddy current camera's integrated control system, or computer system 28, can use a computer- and / or machine-implemented SNN to make alternating current adjustments to the magnetic field within microseconds and respond to subtle changes in the image analysis performed by the eddy current camera's computer system 28. Transformers

[0111] Computer- and / or machine-implemented transformers, originally developed for processing speech and sequence data, can be used in image processing tasks by the eddy current camera's computer system 28. This enables the computer system 28 to detect patterns and gradients in fluorescence image sequences and / or phase image sequences of fewer pixels or smaller image areas. Through precise computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis, the system, when executed by the computer system 28, can use the computer- and / or machine-implemented transformer architecture to determine in real time how to adjust the control parameters to achieve optimal image sharpness and detection.

[0112] Computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning methods for adjusting and controlling the AC parameters. In addition to the specific computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks, the machine learning methods used in this variant of the eddy current camera by the eddy current camera's computer system 28 include numerous computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms for computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis and computer- and / or machine-implemented control. These computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms, when executed by the eddy current camera's computer system 28, continuously monitor and analyze the output data of the eddy current camera head 21 and adjust the AC parameters for energizing the means 80 to generate the alternating magnetic field accordingly. Supervised learning

[0113] Computer- and / or machine-implemented supervised learning trains the eddy current camera's computer system 28 using labeled data in which specific defect patterns and material profiles are already classified. Based on this training data, the eddy current camera's computer system 28 can learn which alternating current parameters lead to the best detection and adjust the amplitude or frequency of these parameters for energizing the means 80 to generate the alternating magnetic field, thus ensuring optimal detection results. Unsupervised learning

[0114] This computer- and / or machine-implemented method allows the eddy current camera's computer system 28 to recognize patterns and relationships in the fluorescence and phase data without requiring prior classification. Through computer- and / or machine-implemented clustering, the eddy current camera's computer system 28 can identify different material properties and independently determine which AC adjustments of the AC parameters are necessary to supply the means 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field, thus optimizing the image. Reinforcement learning

[0115] In computer- and / or machine-implemented reinforcement learning, the eddy current camera's computer system 28 is trained by rewarding specific actions. The eddy current camera's computer system 28 iteratively adjusts the alternating current parameters for powering the means 80 for generating the alternating magnetic field to maximize the quality of the image analysis and receives feedback on the image quality and the accuracy of the material analysis performed by the eddy current camera's computer system 28.

[0116] Advantage of the technical approach: The seventh variant of the eddy current camera significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of detection through computer- and / or machine-implemented AI-supported dynamic adjustment of the AC parameters. Through the computer- and / or machine-supported implementation of neural networks and machine learning methods, the computer system adapts the AC parameters for energizing the means 80 to generate the alternating magnetic field in real time to the specific material properties and image patterns, resulting in optimized defect detection and precise material analysis.

[0117] In an eighth variant of the first or second eddy current camera, the detected properties preferably include at least one of the following properties: • Material openings such as cracks and / or cavities in the workpiece17, • Material inhomogeneities in the workpiece material, such as inclusions and / or foreign bodies in the material, • Deviations from an expected internal material structure, such as the layering and / or internal structuring of the distribution of materials in the workpiece 17, • Deviation from the crystal structure of materials of the workpiece 17 such as grain sizes and / or amorphizations, monocrystalline and / or polycrystalline areas, • Deviations from the magnetic and / or electrical properties, • Deviations in the materials within workpiece 17, such as lead instead of gold in gold bars.

[0118] In the eighth variant of the first or second eddy current camera, the computer system, in combination with the eddy current camera head 21, enables a comprehensive computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the workpiece 17 by detecting a multitude of material properties and possible deviations. These deviations are preferably identified and classified using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods based on fluorescence images and / or first-phase images and / or second-phase images and / or eddy current signals and / or the distribution of the causes of alternating magnetic fields. The eddy current camera is preferably configured to detect numerous characteristic features and defects of the workpiece 17 based on a computer- and / or machine-implemented method.These properties and deviations allow the eddy current camera to draw significant conclusions about the material structure, quality, and composition, and can thus serve as a basis for quality assurance and material analysis. The following section describes in detail some possible detected properties, including further exemplary applications and extensions. Material openings such as cracks and cavities in the workpiece material

[0119] The eddy current camera detects even the smallest cracks, voids, or cavities through computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the fluorescence image and / or first-phase images and / or second-phase images, as well as the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the causes of alternating magnetic fields. Such material openings represent potential weak points in the material that can impair its mechanical stability. Typical applications lie in the quality control of components in the automotive and aerospace industries, where the detection of material openings, bridges, and microcracks is of critical importance.

[0120] Material inhomogeneities in the workpiece material, such as inclusions and foreign bodies, can alter the physical and chemical properties of the material and lead to uneven load-bearing capacity. The eddy current camera, implemented using computer and / or machine technology, reliably identifies these inhomogeneities, which is essential for material testing in metallurgy and the manufacturing of high-performance materials. Deviations from an expected internal material structure, such as layering or material distributions

[0121] Different layering and uneven material distributions within workpiece 17 can lead to stress concentrations. The eddy current camera, implemented using computer and / or machine technology, can detect and analyze deviations in layering as well as the distribution of different materials. This capability of the eddy current camera is particularly important for composite materials and multilayer structures, such as those used in semiconductor technology or modern lightweight materials. Deviations from the crystal structure such as grain size differences and amorphization

[0122] The eddy current camera is preferably capable of detecting crystal structure deviations, such as differences in grain size or areas of amorphous or polycrystalline zones, using computer and / or machine implementation. Such properties influence the hardness, conductivity, and durability of the material and are particularly relevant for applications in microelectronics, metal manufacturing, and high-performance materials.

[0123] Deviations from magnetic and / or electrical properties: Changes in magnetic or electrical properties can be caused by foreign materials, internal stresses, or structural defects. The computer- and / or machine-implemented detection of such deviations using an eddy current camera is particularly important for components with defined electrical or magnetic properties, such as electronic components, magnetic materials, and sensors. Material impurities and adulterations, such as the presence of lead instead of gold in gold bars

[0124] Eddy current cameras, whether computer- or machine-implemented, typically detect even subtle alterations in material composition, such as those that can occur in precious metals. Such material impurities are important for quality assurance and authenticity testing of precious metals like gold bars, where the detection of lead or copper impurities plays a crucial role. Additional detectable deviations and material properties

[0125] Welds and functionally equivalent joints of two workpieces 17 and their internal structure: The eddy current camera detects, using computer and / or machine implementation, uneven or defective welds and solder joints or functionally equivalent mechanical connections that could potentially lead to material fatigue or failure. This property of the eddy current camera is crucial for the inspection of welded joints in load-bearing structures, such as in buildings, vehicles, rail vehicles, and aircraft, etc.

[0126] Microcracks and fatigue cracks: The eddy current camera is typically also capable of detecting microcracks, either computer- or machine-implemented, which indicate material fatigue. These are often a sign of impending material failure and are therefore of particular interest in the aerospace and automotive industries.

[0127] Changes in thermal expansion: The eddy current camera is typically able to detect differences in thermal expansion when multiple measurements are performed at different temperatures. For example, the eddy current camera's computer system can subject workpiece 17 to different temperatures and acquire one or more fluorescence images and / or first-phase images and / or second-phase images at each of these temperatures, then evaluate them using computer and / or machine implementation. Differences in thermal expansion can indicate changes in the material composition or structure. This property is relevant in microelectronics and for high-precision mechanical components, where thermal stability plays a crucial role.

[0128] Internal stress state and deformations: The eddy current camera can identify differences in the internal stress state and deformations of the material, implemented using computer and / or machine technology, which indicate mechanical stress and potential weak points. Such information is crucial for the analysis of components subjected to dynamic loads, such as shafts, gears, and pressure vessels.

[0129] Porosity in castings: Castings can be weakened by porosity, which is often not immediately apparent on the surface. Eddy current cameras, particularly when implemented using computer and / or machine technology, can detect these internal pores and thus improve the quality of castings. This application is especially important in mechanical engineering and automotive manufacturing.

[0130] Layer thickness and material removal: The eddy current camera is typically capable of measuring coating thickness and material removal, and analyzing this data using computer and / or machine-implemented systems. This capability is crucial for machine maintenance and the inspection of coatings in corrosion protection applications, such as pipelines or offshore structures.

[0131] Impurities in non-metallic materials: In addition to metallic materials, the eddy current camera can also detect impurities in non-metallic materials, such as plastics or ceramics, using computer and / or machine-based systems. Such impurities can negatively affect the mechanical and chemical properties of the final product and are therefore of particular relevance in medical and food technology. Applications and advantages of the technical teaching of the eddy current camera

[0132] The broad detection capability of the described eddy current camera opens up extensive application possibilities in various industrial sectors. In particular, the ability to precisely detect specific material properties and deviations offers significant advantages in the areas of quality assurance and material analysis. Quality assurance and defect detection: The eddy current camera can be used as a comprehensive inspection tool for quality control, contributing to material quality testing in both series production and custom manufacturing. This is of great importance for safety-critical industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medical technology.

[0133] Materials analysis and materials research: The eddy current camera offers a non-invasive method for characterizing and analyzing materials and can thus provide new insights into material properties and behavior that are valuable for materials science and research on new material combinations.

[0134] Early detection of material fatigue and failure: By detecting microcracks and fatigue cracks, the eddy current camera enables the early detection of material fatigue and potential failure. This feature is particularly crucial for the regular inspection of safety-critical components such as bridges, railways, and high-pressure pipelines.

[0135] Increased efficiency through targeted maintenance: The eddy current camera can be used in maintenance and repair processes to specifically identify components that are about to fail or show signs of wear. This enables predictive maintenance and reduces the number of unplanned downtimes in production or operations.

[0136] Adaptability to different material types: The wide applicability of the eddy current camera to various types of materials, including metals, plastics, ceramics and composites, makes it a flexible tool that can be used in various manufacturing processes and product lines.

[0137] Advantage of the technical approach: The eddy current camera variant described here stands out due to its comprehensive detection capability. By combining fluorescence and eddy current signals, the computer system can perform a detailed computer- and / or machine-implemented material analysis and assess both the surface and internal structures of the workpiece 17. This leads to a significant improvement in detection efficiency and accuracy, enabling even minimal material deviations to be precisely detected. The eddy current camera thus provides an indispensable basis for quality assurance and maintaining structural integrity in a wide range of applications and industries.

[0138] Although the use of a standard camera with optics and a light sensor array 1 is the main focus here, such a camera cannot capture all the necessary information because it is far too slow. Essential information is contained in the fluorescence amplitude and also in the phase φ. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence signal of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 related to an intensity modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13.

[0139] The document presented here therefore proposes, if necessary, to obtain a phase distribution diagram of the φ fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence signal of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 is to be determined by means of a light sensor array 1 with phase detection capability. For example, a time-of-flight measuring device, such as that disclosed in DE112005003698B4, can be used for this purpose. For example, it is conceivable that the light sensor array 1 detects the fluorescence radiation 13 only when the gate signal 84 of the light sensor array 1 is active, depending on a gate signal 84. It is then conceivable that the conditioning circuit 30 for the output signals 31 of the light sensors 89 of the light sensor array 1 generates the gate signal 84 at a specific time interval from a signal pulse on a control signal for controlling the light sources 2 of the eddy current camera.By shifting this gate signal 84 in time, the processing circuit 30 for the output signals 31 of the light sensors 89 of the light sensor array 1 can, for example, using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods, acquire several fluorescence images and / or first phase images and / or second phase images with respective assigned delay times, which a computer system 28 of the eddy current camera can then process further.For example, the computer system 28 of the eddy current camera can calculate one or more first phase images of the first phase delay φ1(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or one or more second phase images of the second phase delay φ2(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from one or more fluorescence images and / or first phase images and / or second phase images with one or more time shifts of the gate signal 84 of the light sensor array 1 relative to a light pulse signal on the control signal for controlling the light sources 2.

[0140] In such a design, the eddy current camera is therefore a camera which can detect the amplitude and phase of the alternating magnetic field, including the magnetic reaction field, on each pixel. Uses of the eddy current camera

[0141] This document thus describes the use of an eddy current camera, as previously described with various variants, and / or an eddy current camera head (21), as previously described, for generating and investigating the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field of workpieces 17, • which include magnetized and / or magnetizable objects and / or device parts and / or • Magnetized and / or magnetizable objects and / or device parts are and / or • include or are electrically conductive objects and / or device parts and / or • include or are electrically conductive objects and / or device parts and / or • include or are electrically insulating objects and / or device parts that change their electrical conductivity in the event of a fault.

[0142] This document describes a method for using a highly sensitive eddy current camera, preferably according to the technical teaching presented herein, and / or an eddy current camera head, preferably according to the technical teaching presented herein, for the precise investigation and analysis of the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field within and on the surface of a workpiece 17. The eddy current camera, as defined in this document, typically comprises an eddy current camera head 21 and associated control electronics for controlling the eddy current camera head and evaluating the signals from the eddy current camera head. One, more, or even all parts of the evaluation electronics may be located within the eddy current camera head 21.The document presented here generally describes evaluation electronics that are separate from the eddy current camera head 21 and connected to it via signal lines, power supply lines, etc., or at least via a wireless and / or wired signal or data connection. Typically, the evaluation electronics of the eddy current camera are capable of detecting various properties of workpieces 17 using the eddy current camera head, in particular with regard to their magnetic and electrical properties as well as their reactions to any induced eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields. In insulating materials, eddy currents only occurred if their conductivity was altered in some way and they were at least locally more conductive. However, these materials can also exhibit magnetic reaction fields.Such conductivity can also be attributed to displacement currents from capacitive couplings of device components within insulating materials. By generating and monitoring eddy current fields and / or magnetic reaction fields, the use of an eddy current camera provides in-depth insights into the internal and external structures of the workpiece. This technique of using a proposed eddy current camera can be applied, for example, to objects that are either magnetized or magnetizable themselves, or that include parts thereof. Electrically conductive, conductive but defective, and also electrically insulating workpieces or components can also be analyzed using an eddy current camera.The use of the eddy current camera allows differentiation between various material states of the workpiece material within these categories, which contributes to the early identification of material defects in the workpiece material and structural changes of the workpiece material or the workpiece 17. Magnetized and / or magnetizable objects or device parts

[0143] By using an eddy current camera, magnetized and magnetizable objects, as well as other types of objects, can be analyzed by detecting their response to the alternating magnetic fields (magnetic reaction fields) generated by the camera's magnetic field generation coils. Typically, properties such as the degree of magnetization and hysteresis behavior are investigated. This capability of using an eddy current camera is particularly useful in the quality assurance of components where magnetic properties are important, such as magnets for electric motors or sensors. Electrically conductive objects or device parts

[0144] When using an eddy current camera for the analysis of electrically conductive workpieces 17, the eddy current camera generates an alternating magnetic field that induces eddy currents inside and on the surface of the workpiece 17 and / or causes magnetic reaction fields. These eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields can be imaged by the optics of the eddy current camera or functionally equivalent device components and their arrangements, the light sensor array 1 of the eddy current camera, and its evaluation electronics. The intensity and distribution of these fields can then be analyzed by the eddy current camera's computer system using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods. This function is particularly valuable for the inspection of metallic materials used in the automotive and aerospace industries, where even the smallest cracks or voids can lead to significant material weaknesses and hazards. Electrically insulating objects or device parts

[0145] One particular application of the eddy current camera proposed here is, for example, the examination of workpieces 17 that are electrically insulating in their fault-free state but develop certain conductive properties in the event of a defect. This conductivity can refer to static direct currents and / or alternating currents. This includes, for example, materials such as certain plastics, fiber-reinforced composites such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, or ceramic components that exhibit and / or could develop a certain electrical AC and / or DC conductivity in the event of structural changes or the incorporation of foreign substances. By detecting these changes and / or deviations, potential defects can be detected and corrected at an early stage before they become effective, which is of enormous advantage, especially for safety-critical components.

[0146] The different magnetization properties were already mentioned at the beginning. These, too, can lead to magnetic reaction fields that can be detected and captured graphically. Objects or device parts with changes in condition due to defects

[0147] For monitoring and quality control, the use of a suitable eddy current camera is preferably designed to analyze workpieces 17 that change their physical or electrical properties in the event of a defect. Such objects include, for example, sensors and protective elements that change their conductivity as a direct consequence of structural failure. An advantage of this application lies in the camera's ability to detect these defects before they negatively affect the functionality of the component. Special analysis methods for material and layer thicknesses

[0148] In addition, the use of the proposed eddy current camera offers the possibility of measuring material and layer thicknesses precisely and without contact by detecting and / or determining the influence of the layer thickness on the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field. This function is particularly useful for testing coatings, such as those used in corrosion protection technology or on galvanized surfaces. Technical advantages of using the eddy current camera for the analysis and investigation of the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field.

[0149] By using the described eddy current camera for the examination and analysis of workpieces 17, significant technical advantages result: Improved quality assurance and early error detection: The precise acquisition and analysis of eddy current fields and / or magnetic reaction fields using the proposed eddy current camera makes it possible to detect defects and material deviations in various workpieces 17 before they lead to functional failures. This increases the quality and reliability of the workpieces 17 and is particularly important in safety-critical applications. Versatile applications in various materials:

[0150] The ability to analyze conductive, magnetizable and insulating workpieces using the proposed eddy current camera makes the camera a versatile testing device for a variety of industries and material types. Cost savings through targeted maintenance and servicing:

[0151] The use of the proposed eddy current camera supports targeted maintenance through early detection of potential material fatigue and other defects, resulting in less downtime and lower maintenance costs.

[0152] In summary, the use of the proposed eddy current camera, through the detailed acquisition and analysis of the material properties and conditions of workpieces, offers a comprehensive, non-invasive method for quality control and condition monitoring. This is a crucial advantage for preventive maintenance and quality assurance in industrial sectors that rely on the highest reliability and functionality.

[0153] In a first variant of the use of the proposed eddy current camera or the proposed eddy current camera head, the proposed eddy current camera or the proposed eddy current camera head is used for the investigation of the structure of workpieces 17. This document thus describes, by way of example, a specialized use of the developed eddy current camera and the associated eddy current camera head for the precise analysis of the internal and external structure of workpieces 17. The eddy current camera typically enables a detailed acquisition of structural properties without physically altering or damaging the workpiece 17 itself. By employing eddy current technology and / or magnetic reaction field technology, the eddy current camera can detect hidden and visible structural features that would be difficult or impossible to access using other methods.This is achieved through a precise computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the induced eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields, as well as their interaction with the structural properties of the material and with the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera. In this application, the eddy current camera is thus preferably configured to detect even the smallest deviations and irregularities in the workpiece structure and preferably to display them graphically or to provide them as a data set, e.g., to a higher-level computer system for further use. This makes it a valuable tool for non-destructive testing and quality assurance, as well as process control, particularly using artificial intelligence, in the manufacturing of workpieces 17.As described above, the core technology of the eddy current camera is based on an eddy current camera head 21, which comprises a specialized sensor element layer 5 with paramagnetic centers that fluorescently illuminate upon irradiation with pump radiation 13 and magnetic field-generating coils 80. This eddy current camera head 21 is capable of generating an alternating magnetic field with variable magnetic field frequency and magnetic field amplitude, which selectively induces eddy currents in the workpiece 17 and / or elicits magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material. The magnetic fields generated by these eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields are detected by the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera and visualized as a fluorescence image and / or phase image in the sensor element layer 5.The resulting image contains information about the structure of the workpiece 17, which is represented by the course and distribution of the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the material. This information is then acquired using a fluorescence camera, which typically comprises optics and a light sensor array 1, and processed and analyzed by a computer system of the eddy current camera using computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms to obtain a comprehensive picture of the structural properties of the workpiece 17. It is conceivable that the sensor element layer is applied directly to a light sensor array 1, thus eliminating the need for imaging optics 7. Optical elements such as fiber optic bundles, aperture systems, and / or lens systems can also transport light to the light sensor array 1 and generate an image of the fluorescence intensity distribution I there. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 are projected. Various devices are known from optics that can fulfill this purpose. In the case of optical fiber bundles, the arrangement of the pixels of the sensor element layer 5 can differ from the arrangement of the pixels on the light sensor array 1. However, for the purposes of this document, it is still an image of the fluorescence intensity distribution I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14. A crucial aspect of using the eddy current camera to examine the workpiece 17 is its ability to distinguish between different types of structures. For example, inclusions, pores, and cavities in the workpiece 17, which indicate material irregularities, can be specifically detected by the eddy current camera. Likewise, microcracks and similar structural defects can be precisely and accurately identified by the eddy current camera, enabling the system to make a significant contribution to process control, quality assurance, and defect analysis in industrial manufacturing. Furthermore, the eddy current camera can determine specific crystalline structures and their orientation, which is particularly useful when inspecting polycrystalline materials. The use of the eddy current camera for structural analysis can be applied to various materials and workpiece types.The eddy current camera is particularly suitable for analyzing metallic workpieces 17, which, due to their high electrical conductivity, are especially sensitive to the induced magnetic field and the resulting eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction field. In the automotive and mechanical engineering industries, this technology enables precise inspection of engine components and other safety-relevant components subjected to high loads. Precise structural testing is also indispensable in the aerospace industry, where material defects can have serious consequences. Furthermore, the use of this technology in the proposed eddy current camera makes it possible to analyze complex workpiece geometries as well as different material combinations within a single workpiece 17.The eddy current camera not only detects the presence of structural defects, but also enables an assessment of the defect location and size through the computer- and / or machine-implemented creation of a three-dimensional image of the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field. For example, irregularities at the interface between different materials in composite materials or coated workpieces, which could lead to structural instability, can be detected. Another application for the eddy current camera is the measurement of material thickness and density within a workpiece.Differences in material thickness can be detected through variations in the eddy current pattern and / or the pattern of the magnetic reaction field. These variations are recorded in detail by the eddy current camera and analyzed using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods. This function is particularly useful in metal processing, for example, in the production of pipes and containers, where material thickness must be precisely controlled. Measuring material thickness using an eddy current camera is also a reliable method for thin films or layers, distinguished by its non-destructive application. Advantages of the technical teaching of the described use of the eddy current camera

[0154] The use of the eddy current camera to examine the structure of workpieces 17 offers several significant advantages: Non-destructive testing and precise fault detection

[0155] By capturing the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field using the eddy current camera, even the smallest material defects can be detected without damaging the workpiece 17. This is particularly advantageous for quality control, as it allows even safety-relevant components to be reliably inspected.

[0156] Capturing complex structures and interfaces: The use of the eddy current camera enables the detection of structural deviations in complex geometries as well as at interfaces of different materials, which significantly improves the analysis of composite materials.

[0157] Versatility through application to various materials: The technology of using the eddy current camera is applicable to both metals and other conductive materials, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

[0158] Creation of detailed three-dimensional structural models: The visual representation of the eddy current field and / or the magnetic reaction field when using the eddy current camera allows a detailed analysis of the defect size and location, which enables a more comprehensive evaluation and optimization of workpieces 17.

[0159] Savings in material testing: The precise, non-destructive use of the eddy current camera saves material and reduces testing costs, as workpieces can be reused during and after the inspection. The use of the proposed eddy current camera thus represents an efficient solution for analyzing and ensuring the structural integrity of workpieces 17. By combining non-invasive examination with high-precision data acquisition, it provides valuable information on structural quality and enables the early detection and evaluation of potential defects.

[0160] In a second variant of the use of the proposed eddy current camera or the proposed eddy current camera head, the proposed eddy current camera or the proposed eddy current camera head is used to investigate the current density distribution of workpieces 17 through which an electric workpiece current flows. The technical teaching presented here regarding the use of the eddy current camera thus relates to the use of an eddy current camera configured to precisely analyze the distribution of electric currents in conductive workpieces 17. Preferably, the computer system of the eddy current camera is configured to introduce one or more electric currents with one or more respective current intensities into the workpiece 17 at at least one or more electrical contact points by means of one or more current sources and, if necessary,The purpose of the proposed eddy current camera is to feed current into or extract current from one or more switching matrices and to acquire one or more respective fluorescence images and / or phase images, and to analyze these images using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods. The technical design of the proposed eddy current camera, with its corresponding eddy current camera head 21 featuring paramagnetic centers in a sensor element layer 5 and a sophisticated control device, enables the specific current density distributions within a workpiece 17 to be captured in high detail and with spatial resolution. This is preferably achieved primarily by utilizing the interaction of eddy currents induced by the alternating magnetic field with the workpiece current, thereby enabling precise visualization and measurement of the current density within the workpiece 17.This method opens up new possibilities for the analysis and monitoring of electrical current densities and can be used to detect irregularities in the complex conductivity, current flow, overloads, material defects, or design weaknesses in the workpiece 17. The innovative solution of using the proposed eddy current camera is based on the camera's operating principle, which comprises a combination of an eddy current camera head 21 with the sensor element layer 5 containing paramagnetic centers and a control device. The eddy current camera head 21 is preferably equipped with magnetic field generating coils 80 and the sensor element layer 5, which contains the paramagnetic centers and is excited by a pump radiation 13 to emit fluorescence radiation 14. Theoretically, the sensor element layer 5 can also be applied as a coating to the workpiece 17.Such a construction is fundamentally included in the description of this document as a whole. The fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers is detected by a light sensor array 1 of the eddy current camera and displayed as a fluorescence image and / or phase image. The alternating magnetic field of the magnetic field-generating coils 80 of the eddy current camera, coupled into the workpiece 17, induces the eddy currents, which, through their interaction with the workpiece current, provide additional information on the current density distribution. This is particularly of interest if the workpiece material exhibits nonlinear electrical effects. The generated magnetic fields resulting from these eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields modulate the fluorescent image recorded by the camera, which represents the current density values ​​within the workpiece 17.A key advantage of the present solution lies in the flexibility of the analysis, as the eddy current camera is then able to observe dynamic changes in current density during operation. The preferred real-time capability of the proposed eddy current camera is preferably enabled by the camera's computer system, which evaluates the signals from the eddy current camera head 21 and continuously records the current density distributions. The sensor element layer 5, which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the relevant wavelength ranges, allows the resulting fluorescence images and / or phase images, in conjunction with the control device and a controllable AC component of the magnetic field-generating coils 80, to provide a detailed analysis of the current distribution.Another important advantage of the described eddy current camera is the ability to variably adjust and control the induced alternating magnetic field. This allows for targeted adaptation to different material types and varying geometries and structures of the workpiece 17, thus generating optimal resonance between the eddy current and the workpiece current. The control device enables the system to dynamically adjust the AC frequency and amplitude of the operating current of the magnetic field-generating coils 80, and consequently the magnetic field frequency and amplitude of the magnetic flux density of the induced alternating magnetic field, based on feedback from the computer system. This allows even difficult-to-access areas inside the workpiece 17 to be examined, where higher current densities might occur, potentially indicating structural weaknesses or material defects.The technical solution is further enhanced by the ability to precisely locate current density anomalies. Areas where the current density deviates from the target value can be detected and analyzed with high accuracy if nonlinearity is present. These deviations can be caused by defects or material variations in the workpiece 17 and often lead to an uneven current distribution, which could potentially cause overheating or electrical faults. Detecting such anomalies in the current flow is not readily possible with conventional methods, as these often do not provide a detailed visualization of the internal current density distribution. The use of the eddy current camera overcomes this limitation by generating a three-dimensional image of the internal current flow patterns, thus enabling in-depth analysis.In addition to detecting structural defects and current density, eddy current cameras are also suitable for examining material properties and homogeneity in relation to electrical conductivity. Different material densities and conductivities affect current flow and can also be detected using an eddy current camera. This allows materials and components to be checked for their electrical conductivity directly during production, guaranteeing higher quality and safety of the final product. Eddy current cameras are also useful for analyzing multilayered structures and composite materials, where the individual layers may consist of different materials.The eddy current images generated by the eddy current camera typically show in detail how the current flow behaves within and between these layers, and specifically identify areas where electrical insulation between the layers may be insufficient. The eddy current camera can also play a crucial role in optimizing material combinations in layered structures by providing valuable insights into the electrical properties and current distribution within the various material layers. Thus, the use of the proposed eddy current camera offers an innovative solution for the non-destructive analysis of current density distribution in conductive workpieces. Through the detailed acquisition of the current density distribution and the high precision in anomaly localization, potential material and structural defects can be detected and corrected at an early stage.The system's flexibility allows the eddy current camera to be used for both real-time monitoring during production and for subsequent analysis. This leads to increased quality and safety in manufacturing and contributes to improved efficiency and durability of the components under investigation. Method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction field in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17

[0161] The document presented here also describes a method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction field in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17, with the following steps: • Providing a sensor element layer 5, in particular an eddy current camera head (21), wherein the sensor element layer 5 comprises paramagnetic centers and wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation 14 when irradiated with pump radiation 13 and wherein the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center; • Irradiation of the paramagnetic centers with pump radiation 13 (LB); • Generation of electric eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece 17 by means of an alternating magnetic field; • Recording the fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 and / or the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 and / or detection of the phase image of the temporal phase delay φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or detection of the effect of the magnetic fields of the generated eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers and / or the sensor element layer 5 in the form of the fluorescence image and / or phase image

[0162] The technical teaching presented in this document describes a specific method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that precisely reflects the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material. This method is based on a series of coordinated steps that enable the complex interactions between an induced alternating magnetic field and the electrical properties of the workpiece material to be visually and measurably represented using paramagnetic centers.Central components of the process are the provision of a sensor element layer 5, which, through the paramagnetic centers in conjunction with a controlled pump radiation 13, maps the fluorescence radiation 14 as a function of the local magnetic flux density, as well as the generation of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17 by a specifically controlled alternating magnetic field.

[0163] The method begins with the provision of a corresponding sensor element layer 5, which is typically designed in the form of an eddy current camera head and typically contains a plurality of paramagnetic centers. These paramagnetic centers, which can be realized, for example, as nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) in diamond material, are characterized by their ability to emit fluorescence radiation 14. Preferably, these are a plurality of crystals, each comprising paramagnetic centers, arranged in a disordered and differently oriented manner in the sensor element layer 5. The fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is typically largely dependent on two factors: the pump radiation intensity distribution and the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 acting on the sensor element layer 5 and the strength of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) at the specific location of each paramagnetic center. This dependence allows the sensor element layer 5, in combination with the fluorescence radiation 14, to serve as a high-precision sensor for magnetic interactions.

[0164] In the second step of the process, the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 are stimulated with a pump radiation 13 with a suitable pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp The radiation, which depends on the paramagnetic centers used, is irradiated. This irradiation typically triggers the emission of fluorescence radiation 14 in the paramagnetic centers. The light cone of a light source precisely tuned to the specific pump radiation wavelength λ is thus irradiated. pmpThe paramagnetic centers are adjusted, optionally using optical functional elements such as lenses, apertures, filters, mirrors, prisms, etc. (see typical optics textbooks), preferably such that a uniform and sufficiently strong pump radiation 13 strikes the paramagnetic centers in the crystals in the sensor element layer 5. This excitation phase is crucial for the sensitivity of the method, as the emitted fluorescence radiation 14 forms the basis for further imaging and analysis of the eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields. The resulting fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 can be detected by suitable optical instruments such as a fluorescence camera or a light detector system with a light sensor array 1 and, if necessary, a combination of other interacting optical functional elements (optics) such as lenses, apertures, filters, mirrors, prisms, etc. (see typical optics textbooks), which, as an integral part of the system, determine the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers in the crystals in the sensor element layer 5 image and detect.

[0165] Another essential process step, which typically occurs in parallel, involves the generation of electric eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields within the workpiece 17. For this purpose, an alternating magnetic field is generated via one or more specially configured magnetic field generation coils 80, which couple the alternating magnetic field into the workpiece 17. The resulting eddy current field and / or magnetic reaction field within the workpiece 17 vary according to the electrical conductivity and structure of the workpiece 17 and lead to an inhomogeneous current density distribution. The generated eddy currents induce secondary magnetic fields, which in turn interact with the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 and modify the fluorescence radiation 14 and its distribution within the sensor element layer 5.The strength of this interaction typically corresponds to the current density and the specific structure of the workpiece 17.

[0166] Finally, the fluorescence image and / or phase image, modified by the magnetic fields of the eddy currents and / or by the magnetic reaction fields, is acquired using the light sensor array 1. This fluorescence image shows the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers in the crystals in the sensor element layer 5 and thus represents the effect of the magnetic fields induced by the eddy currents and / or by the magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5. This phase image shows the spatial distribution of the time delay of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers in the crystals in the sensor element layer 5 compared to the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 14 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field, and thus represents the effect of the magnetic fields induced by the eddy currents and / or by the magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5. Since the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I flSince the (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is location-dependent and influenced by the magnetic fields, local differences in the eddy current distribution and / or in the distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17 can be directly visualized in the fluorescence image. Because the distribution of the temporal phase shift of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl Since the (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is also location-dependent and influenced by the magnetic fields, local differences in the eddy current distribution and / or in the distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17 can be directly visualized in the phase image. This enables highly precise visualization, allowing the electrical and magnetic properties of the workpiece 17 to be analyzed non-destructively and at high resolution.

[0167] The advantage of this technical method lies in its precise and non-destructive ability to optically detect and analyze complex eddy current distributions and / or distributions of magnetic flux density in workpiece materials, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the workpiece 17. The innovative use of fluorescence radiation 14 in conjunction with paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 enables a significant improvement in measurement accuracy and analysis capabilities, supporting the investigation of both near-surface and deeper material structures and allowing for flexible adaptation to different workpiece types.

[0168] In a first variant or in a second embodiment of a method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17, the method comprises the steps • Providing a sensor element layer 5, in particular an eddy current camera head (21), wherein the sensor element layer 5 comprises paramagnetic centers and wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation 14 when irradiated with pump radiation 13 and wherein the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center; • Providing a light source 2, in particular the eddy current camera head (21), for pump radiation 13 to excite a fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers; • Providing a fluorescence camera, in particular the eddy current camera head 21, wherein the fluorescence camera in particular comprises a light sensor array 1 with light sensors 89; • Providing means, in particular the eddy current camera head (21), for generating an alternating magnetic field; • Irradiation of the paramagnetic centers with pump radiation 13 from the light source 2; • Generation of electric eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece 17 by means of the means for generating a magnetic alternating field; • Recording the fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 and / or detection of the phase image of the temporal phase delay of the temporal course of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field and / or the paramagnetic centers by means of the fluorescence camera and / or recording the effect of the magnetic fields of the generated eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers and / or the sensor element layer 5 in the form of the fluorescence image and / or the phase image.

[0169] The method described here also enables the acquisition of a fluorescence image and / or a phase image, which provides information about the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field in a workpiece material. It is based on the targeted combination of a sensor element layer 5 with paramagnetic centers, preferably in a multitude of disordered crystals, a pump light source, a fluorescence camera, and a device for generating an alternating magnetic field. The structured sequence of process steps allows for the precise acquisition of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 within the sensor element layer 5 in correlation to the workpiece 17 and the visualization of the interactions between the generated eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields on the one hand and the magnetic flux density on the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 on the other.

[0170] This embodiment of the method begins with the provision of a sensor element layer 5, which is preferably integrated into the eddy current camera head 21 and contains an arrangement of paramagnetic centers, preferably in a plurality of crystals. These paramagnetic centers are preferably selected such that, upon exposure to pump radiation 13 (with a specific pump radiation wavelength λ), they pmpThey emit fluorescence radiation 14. Nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) in diamonds are a preferred material for the paramagnetic centers because they are characterized by their high sensitivity to changes in magnetic flux density. The fluorescence intensity I l (t,x,y) of the emitted fluorescence radiation 14 varies depending on both the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 as well as of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y), which is effective at the respective location of each paramagnetic center in the workpiece material. This special property of the paramagnetic centers allows magnetic flux densities to be measured with high precision.

[0171] After the sensor element layer 5 has been provided, the next step involves using a suitable light source, typically a high-power LED or a laser with a suitable pump radiation wavelength λ for the paramagnetic centers. pmp , provided for the pump radiation 13. This light source is integrated into the eddy current camera in such a way that it provides an optimal pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp and pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) to excite the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers. This ensures that the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 operate with a constant, defined pump radiation intensity I. pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 with a pump radiation wavelength λ pmp are excited. The continuous and uniform irradiation leads to the emission of fluorescence radiation 14 from the paramagnetic centers with a fluorescence wavelength λ. fl, whose fluorescence radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) is used for measurement and analysis in the further course of the procedure.

[0172] Furthermore, a fluorescence camera (comprising a light sensor array 1, optional optics 7, and evaluation electronics 15) is provided for detecting the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers. This camera is preferably integrated into the eddy current camera head 21 or positioned separately. The fluorescence camera is preferably equipped with a light sensor array 1 that enables detailed and precise image acquisition of the emitted fluorescence radiation 14. The light sensors 89 of a light sensor array 1 detect the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and create a high-resolution fluorescence image and / or phase image. Due to the high resolution of the light sensor array 1, a precise and localized analysis of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I is possible. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the distribution of the phase delay of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14, which in the further procedure serves for the detailed representation and analysis of the eddy current distributions and / or distributions of the magnetic reaction field in the workpiece material.

[0173] In addition to the light source and the camera, this method provides a device for generating an alternating magnetic field. This device preferably consists of magnetic field-generating coils, which are preferably integrated into the eddy current camera head 21 and are typically located in close proximity to the sensor element layer 5. By applying an alternating current as an operating current to the magnetic field-generating coils 80, an alternating magnetic field is generated, which is coupled into the workpiece 17 and induces eddy currents and / or generates magnetic reaction fields there. The interaction between these eddy currents or magnetic reaction fields and the magnetic field results in a specific magnetic flux density distribution in the workpiece material, which in turn acts on the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 and influences its fluorescence radiation 14.

[0174] The sensor element layer 5 with the paramagnetic centers is selectively irradiated with the pump radiation 13, thereby triggering the emission of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the paramagnetic centers. The precise control of the pump radiation intensity I pmp The (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 as the irradiation intensity enables an optimally adapted excitation of the paramagnetic centers. The fluorescence radiation 14 generated in this way forms the basis for the subsequent imaging, which is acquired by the previously provided fluorescence camera.

[0175] Subsequently, electrical eddy currents are generated within the workpiece 17, which are induced by the alternating magnetic field of the magnetic field-generating coils 80. The resulting eddy current field alters the magnetic field distribution in the material of the workpiece 17 and thus also the locally acting magnetic flux density at the individual paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. This interaction causes a location-dependent change in the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the emitted fluorescence radiation 14, which is in turn recorded by the eddy current camera. This procedure transfers the eddy current distribution in the workpiece 17 to the fluorescence image and / or phase image, so that locally varying eddy currents and magnetic fields are reflected in the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 or in the distribution φ(t,x,y) of the phase delay of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14.

[0176] The final recording of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 or in the distribution φ(t,x,y) of the phase delay of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 by the eddy current camera leads to a fluorescence image or phase image that visualizes the magnetic interaction of the generated eddy currents. This interaction results from the interrelationship between the eddy currents induced by the alternating magnetic field and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields and the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5. The resulting fluorescence image and / or phase image represents the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field in the workpiece 17 as a location-dependent intensity variation of the fluorescence intensity distribution. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or as a position-dependent variation in the distribution φ(t,x,y) of the phase delay of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and allow a highly precise, non-destructive and spatially resolved analysis of the internal workpiece structure. Advantage of technical training

[0177] The present technical teaching offers the decisive advantage that the method allows for a non-invasive and simultaneously highly precise analysis of the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material. By optically detecting the magnetic interactions of the paramagnetic centers using fluorescence radiation, the distribution of the eddy currents and / or the distribution of the generated magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material can be represented in detail and with high resolution. This enables versatile application for investigating material structures, identifying material defects, and ensuring quality in the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the method is adaptable to different material types and structural requirements, making it an extremely flexible and powerful tool in material analysis and testing.

[0178] A second variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image that depends on a distribution of eddy currents in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17 preferably comprises generating an eddy current image and / or an image of the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields from one or more acquired fluorescence images. The image acquisition determines the fluorescence intensity distributions of the fluorescence intensity I. flThe (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 is spatially resolved and stored in a fluorescence image, which represents a snapshot of the distribution of the magnetic field flux densities and the associated eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields in the material of the workpiece 17. The image acquisition may also reveal the distributions of the temporal phase delays φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distributions of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 are spatially resolved and stored in a phase image, which typically also represents a snapshot of the distribution of the magnetic field flux densities and the associated eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields in the material of the workpiece 17. The processing of these fluorescence images and / or the phase images makes it possible to clearly visualize the eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields within the workpiece 17 in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image. The eddy current images and / or the images of the distribution of the magnetic reaction fields can be optimized and analyzed using computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms and image processing methods to precisely identify weaknesses or defects.One advantage of this technical teaching lies in the increased informative value, as the resulting eddy current images provide detailed insights into the workpiece structure and enable non-invasive quality control.

[0179] In a third variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material 17, the alternating magnetic field is generated by means for generating an alternating magnetic field. These means are preferably the magnetic field generating coils 80 of the eddy current camera. The magnetic field is generally generated by one or more magnetic field generating devices, such as the magnetic field generating coils 80 of the eddy current camera, which are energized, for example, by a control device at a defined current frequency of the operating current.This specific current flow allows the generation of a typically periodic alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field frequency and amplitude of which can be specifically adjusted to achieve optimal interactions with the paramagnetic centers within the sensor element layer 5. By generating the alternating magnetic field in the immediate vicinity of the workpiece 17 and the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5, a distribution of electric eddy currents is induced in the conductive workpiece material. These eddy currents generate secondary magnetic fields whose intensity and spatial structure depend on the properties of the workpiece material, such as conductivity and structural homogeneity. The paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 respond to the local magnetic flux densities and change their fluorescence emission, which is reflected in a fluorescence image as the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I.fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 or in a phase image of the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields becomes visible. The precise positioning and control of the magnetic field generating means, i.e., for example, the magnetic field generating coils 80, is crucial here to ensure a uniform and defined magnetic field distribution of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) over the workpiece 17. These magnetic field generating means can be operated at different frequencies and intensities of their operating current, which allows adaptation to the specific material properties and testing requirements. The advantage of this technical teaching lies in the fact that the targeted excitation of the eddy currents is achieved through the use of specially tuned means for generating the alternating magnetic field.This results in a high precision in the representation of the workpiece structure, which enables a detailed analysis of internal and external material defects and thus allows meaningful quality control without destruction of the workpiece 17.

[0180] In a fourth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image or a phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material 17, the magnetic alternating field is generated by means of one or more magnetic field generation coils 80. These magnetic field generation coils 80, which serve as central elements for generating the magnetic field, are preferably positioned and controlled such that a homogeneous or specifically tuned magnetic alternating field with a preferably homogeneous or specifically tuned magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) is generated.The magnetic field generating coils 80 are supplied with alternating current as operating current, the frequency and strength of which are precisely matched to the material properties of the workpiece 17 under test in order to create optimal conditions for the induction of eddy currents and the generation of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17. By positioning the magnetic field generating coils 80 and selectively controlling them, the alternating magnetic field with its magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) can be designed to preferably influence the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 uniformly. The induced eddy currents and the generated magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17 produce their own magnetic field, which influences the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the distribution of the phase delay φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 is modified. This interaction is detected by the fluorescence camera and provides a precise fluorescence image and / or phase image of the eddy current distribution and / or the magnetic reaction fields. The advantage of this technical solution is that the targeted use of magnetic field generation coils 80 ensures an exact and controllable magnetic field distribution of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y). This significantly improves the accuracy of the eddy current induction and / or the generation of the magnetic reaction fields, and thus the level of detail and reliability of the defect and structure detection in the workpiece 17.

[0181] In a fifth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17, preferably one or more alternating magnetic fields are arranged to induce one or more eddy currents and / or an eddy current field in the workpiece 17, which determine the fluorescence image of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the phase image of the distribution of the phase delay of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 for the fluorescence radiation emission of the sensor element layer 5 and / or the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. Preferably, in this variant, one or more alternating magnetic fields are also arranged to induce one or more magnetic reaction fields and / or a distribution of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17, which influence the fluorescence pattern of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the phase image of the phase delay distribution φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 for the fluorescence radiation emission of the sensor element layer 5 and / or the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. In this fifth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the material of a workpiece 17, at least one alternating magnetic field is typically provided, which is specifically configured to generate one or more eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields, and optionally a comprehensive eddy current field and / or a comprehensive distribution of magnetic reaction fields, in the workpiece 17 by electromagnetic induction.These eddy currents arise due to the electric current induced by the magnetic field generation and in turn affect the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence emissions generated by the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. The magnetic reaction fields arise due to the material parameter of the workpiece material influenced by the magnetic field generation and also affect the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence emissions generated by the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. The induced eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields also influence the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence emissions generated by the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5, versus the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) of the alternating magnetic fields and / or versus the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13. The area of ​​influence of the induced eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields can be specifically controlled by the arrangement and configuration of the alternating magnetic fields. The magnetic flux densities generated by the alternating magnetic field in the workpiece 17 locally change the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence emissions versus the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) of the alternating magnetic fields and / or versus the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13.

[0182] This leads to a clearly measurable differentiation in the fluorescence image or phase image, which is captured by the eddy current camera and serves as the basis for computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis. The sensor element layer 5, which contains paramagnetic centers, reacts to changes in the flux density B(t,x,y), enabling even the smallest deviations in the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of magnetic reaction fields to be precisely detected and imaged. The advantage of this technical teaching lies in the ability to achieve highly precise control and observation of the eddy current distribution and / or magnetic alternating fields in the workpiece 17 through specifically designed alternating magnetic fields. This allows for an accurate representation of the electrical properties and material homogeneity, enabling the highly reliable identification of material defects and structural deviations.

[0183] In a sixth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material 17, the magnetic alternating field is preferably generated by supplying current to one or more magnetic field-generating coils 80. These magnetic field-generating coils 80 act as the central means for magnetic field induction and are supplied with a suitable electrical operating current containing an alternating current component.By precisely controlling and adjusting the current, for example in frequency and / or amplitude (frequency spectrum), the alternating magnetic field can be flexibly adapted in its frequency spectrum, frequency, intensity, and direction of propagation, so that an optimally tuned eddy current induction and / or generation of magnetic reaction fields is achieved in the workpiece 17. The induction of these eddy currents and / or the generation of magnetic reaction fields influences the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) and / or the phase delay distribution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 from the sensor element layer 5 and enables a precise imaging of the material structure and its electromagnetic properties. The advantage of this technical teaching lies in the ability to generate and adjust the alternating magnetic field with extremely high control, which allows for highly precise material analysis and flexible adaptation to different material types and investigation objectives.

[0184] In a seventh variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17, the angle at which the flux density of the generated alternating magnetic field penetrates the surface of a substantially planar sensor element layer 5 on average with respect to the surface of the sensor element layer 5 preferably deviates from the respective surface normal at the respective point of penetration by no more than 45°, preferably no more than 22°, preferably no more than 10°, preferably no more than 5°, preferably no more than 2.5°, preferably no more than 1°.In this seventh variant of the described method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image influenced by the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the generated alternating magnetic field is precisely aligned with respect to its angle of penetration to the sensor element layer 5. Specifically, the angle of the magnetic flux density at which the generated alternating field penetrates the essentially flat sensor element layer 5 should be aligned as parallel as possible to the normal of the sensor element layer surface. This angle is therefore preferably no more than 45° on average to the surface normal of the sensor element layer 5; ideally, however, this angle is further reduced to a maximum of 22°.Optimized values ​​range down to less than 10°, ideally below 5°, and in the best case, an angle of no more than 2.5° or even 1° from the surface normal of the sensor element layer 5 is achieved. This precise alignment minimizes undesirable effects of the magnetic field strength distribution and enables homogeneous induction of eddy currents and / or generation of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17, resulting in a clearer and higher-contrast detection of the fluorescence radiation 14 or the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14. This arrangement promotes the reproducibility and stability of the method as well as the exact imaging of even the smallest material inhomogeneities or structural deviations in the workpiece material. The advantage of the technical teaching described here thus lies in the improvement of the image quality and sensitivity of the fluorescence image or the phase image by minimizing interference effects and angular deviations.This supports the achievement of highly precise measurement results, especially in the detection of the finest structural damage or material changes in the workpiece 17.

[0185] In an eighth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or a distribution of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material 17, the magnetic alternating field is preferably generated by generating a vector current density distribution J of an alternating electric current with rot(J)≠0 and dJ / dt≠0. In the eighth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that is influenced by a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material, the magnetic alternating field is generated by means of a specifically configured vector current density distribution J of an alternating electric current or a specifically configured distribution of the magnetic reaction fields.This current density distribution J has the property that it satisfies the condition rot(J)≠0, which means that J represents a non-conservative field and can therefore generate magnetic fields necessary for eddy currents or magnetic reaction fields. Furthermore, the time derivative of the current density distribution dJ / dt≠0 indicates that the current density is time-varying and thus produces an alternating magnetic field. This specific configuration of the current density distribution J leads to an alternating magnetic field capable of inducing eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17, the distribution of which is subsequently detected by means of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 (NV centers).The paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5, which visualize the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields via the induced fluorescence pattern, respond to the local intensities of the alternating magnetic field and change their fluorescence radiation 14 or its phase shift φ(t,x,y). This enables precise detection of the distribution and intensity of the induced eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields. The advantage of this technical approach lies in the targeted control of the alternating magnetic field by the vector current density distribution, thereby achieving more precise and controlled induction of the eddy currents and / or more precise and controlled generation of the magnetic reaction fields.This optimizes the imaging accuracy of the fluorescence image and / or the phase image and enables a detailed analysis of the material structure and possible defects in the workpiece 17.

[0186] In a ninth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material of a workpiece 17, the generated alternating magnetic field is preferably a dipole, quadrupole, octupole, or other multipole field. The selection of a multipole field enables targeted and diverse shaping of the magnetic field, allowing the induction of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in specific patterns within the workpiece material. The varied polarity structure of such fields allows for precise control of the distribution and intensity of the induced eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields, thereby providing the resulting fluorescence image or phase image with additional clear and differentiated information about the internal material structure of the workpiece 17.A dipole field is the simplest type of field, generated by two opposing magnetic poles. This results in a uniform, linear magnetic field distribution, ideally suited for inducing uniform eddy currents and / or generating uniform magnetic reaction fields. This simple field is useful for detecting general conductivity variations within the material. A quadrupole field, on the other hand, comprises four poles in a symmetrical arrangement, resulting in more complex magnetic field distributions and making it suitable for applications where inhomogeneous material distributions need to be detected. A quadrupole field offers the advantage of finer control over the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields, making it ideal for analyzing structured or layered workpieces.Furthermore, generating an octupole field comprising eight poles offers even more detailed control of the field distribution. This field configuration produces highly complex eddy current patterns and / or highly complex patterns of magnetic reaction fields, making even the smallest material deviations detectable. An octupole field is particularly suitable for locating minute inhomogeneities, such as inclusions or microcracks, because it achieves a highly sensitive interaction between the magnetic field and the workpiece material. In addition to these standard configurations, the method for generating a different multipole field can be further adapted by generating a higher-order magnetic field. Such fields, also called hexadecapole or even icosadecapole fields, generate highly complex magnetic distributions that induce eddy currents or generate magnetic reaction fields in a very specific way.These fields can be useful for particularly demanding applications where the smallest defects or specific material properties need to be detected, such as the detection of foreign materials or the precise geometric structuring of workpieces. However, the magnetic field-generating coils become more complex with the number of poles, and the eddy current camera's control device for generating the operating currents also becomes more complex and therefore more expensive. Nevertheless, the method ensures that the selected multipole field is precisely tailored to the requirements of the material analysis and that the sensor element layer, which contains the paramagnetic centers for fluorescence emission, provides optimal responses to the induced eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields.The paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 react specifically to the flux density changes caused by the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields, thereby generating a high-resolution fluorescence image and / or phase image that shows the distribution and strength of the eddy currents and / or the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the fluorescence emissions versus the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) of the alternating magnetic fields and / or versus the time course of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 in the workpiece material. The advantage of this technical teaching lies in the flexibility and precision offered by the method for generating a multipole field. By selecting different multipole field configurations, the alternating magnetic field of the eddy current camera can be optimally adapted to the specific requirements of the material analysis. This enables precise detection and analysis of the structure and any defects in the workpiece material, which is particularly advantageous in quality assurance and in the testing of safety-relevant components.

[0187] In a tenth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material of a workpiece 17, the generation of the alternating magnetic field preferably comprises the generation of a static bias magnetic field, in particular by permanent magnets or functionally or effectively equivalent devices and / or methods. This bias magnetic field is preferably generated by the use of permanent magnets or functionally or effectively equivalent devices that ensure a stable and permanent magnetic field. Alternatively, this static field can be achieved by other suitable methods that ensure similar field characteristics. The static bias magnetic field complements the alternating magnetic field used to induce the eddy currents and / or to generate magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17.The additional static field creates a superposition with the alternating field, enabling the paramagnetic centers in sensor element layer 5 to respond to even finer changes in the distribution of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y). This interaction between the bias field and the induced eddy currents or magnetic reaction fields results in a change in the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the phase delay φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14. The static bias magnetic field optimizes the sensitivity of the paramagnetic centers and leads to a more precise detection of the magnetic effects in the material caused by eddy currents and / or by the magnetic reaction fields. The presetting caused by the bias magnetic field enables a more accurate and stable evaluation of the magnetic effects, which in turn improves the quality and detail of the resulting fluorescence image or phase image. The advantage of this technical teaching lies in the increased sensitivity and stability of the sensor system, since the static bias field creates a configuration of the alternating magnetic field that is precisely influenced by small changes in the eddy current distribution and the magnetic field strength.This configuration improves the analysis capabilities and contributes in particular to the reliable detection of even the smallest defects, inhomogeneities or other structural deviations in workpiece 17.

[0188] In the eleventh variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on a distribution of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the sensor element layer 5 is preferably equipped with diamonds that include nitrogen vacancy centers (NV centers) as paramagnetic centers. These NV centers are characterized by their high sensitivity to magnetic fields and their ability to emit fluorescence radiation 14 when irradiated with suitable pump radiation 13. By activating the NV centers with pump radiation 13, they emit characteristic fluorescence radiation 14, the fluorescence intensity distribution of which corresponds to the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 both from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity I pmpThe magnitude of the local magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) depends on the pump radiation 13 as well as on the flux density distribution of the magnitude of the local magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) generated by the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material. Diamonds with NV centers are particularly suitable because they produce stable fluorescence emission even at room temperature and can indicate very precise changes in the magnetic environment. The sensitivity of the NV centers allows even the smallest magnetic field fluctuations to be detected at the molecular level, resulting in a high-resolution fluorescence image and / or phase image. The NV centers influence the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 based on the flux density distribution of the flux density B(t,x,y) of the magnetic fields induced in the workpiece 17 by eddy currents and / or generated by magnetic reaction fields. An advantage of this technical teaching is the high sensitivity and resolution achieved by using the NV centers in the sensor element layer 5. This configuration improves the accuracy of the magnetic field measurement and allows a differentiated representation of eddy current distributions and / or distributions of the magnetic reaction fields and their interactions in the workpiece 17. This enables precise identification and analysis of material defects, inhomogeneities, and structural features in the workpiece material, thereby significantly increasing the performance and applicability of the sensor system.

[0189] In the twelfth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the diamonds preferably comprise a plurality of diamonds oriented differently relative to one another. In this twelfth embodiment of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image that maps the distribution of eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the sensor element layer 5 thus preferably contains a plurality of diamonds with nitrogen vacancy centers (NV centers), which are preferably arranged in different orientations.This differentiated orientation of the diamonds within the sensor element layer 5 enables comprehensive acquisition of magnetic field information from various directions without directional dependence, thus improving the spatial and magnetic resolution of the measurements. Due to the different orientations of the NV centers in the diamonds, magnetic flux densities striking the sensor element layer 5 at different angles can be detected and displayed more precisely. This increases the sensitivity of the sensor element layer 5 to the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) of magnetic fields, independent of their orientation, and therefore provides a more comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of the magnetic field. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when investigating complex or anisotropic workpiece materials where the magnetic field distribution is not homogeneous and must be measured in multiple dimensions.Additionally, the variable orientation of the NV centers in the sensor element layer 5 allows for a more precise detection of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the time course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields and a differentiated mapping of the eddy current distributions and / or distributions of the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece 17. This enables the sensor element layer 5 to reliably detect even weak and varying magnetic flux densities B(t,x,y), which significantly increases the overall accuracy of the measurements. The main advantage of this technical teaching lies in the improved versatility and accuracy of the sensor element layer 5, which is no longer limited to a specific magnetic field direction. This allows for a more comprehensive isotropic acquisition and analysis of complex workpieces 17 and increases the informative value of the measurements by making possible material defects, inhomogeneities, or structural features recognizable regardless of the magnetic field orientation.

[0190] In the thirteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the method preferably comprises the additional step of mechanically fixing the paramagnetic centers and / or crystals comprising the paramagnetic centers and / or diamonds with NV centers in the support material in the sensor element layer 5, wherein the support material is typically suitable for electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp the pump radiation 13 is essentially transparent and wherein the support material is typically suitable for electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength λ flThe fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers is essentially transparent. In this thirteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on a distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the method preferably thus comprises an additional step in which paramagnetic centers and / or crystals containing these paramagnetic centers are mechanically fixed in the sensor element layer 5. These crystals with paramagnetic centers include, in particular, diamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers), which are preferably integrated in the sensor element layer 5.The mechanical fixation of these centers ensures a stable arrangement, which is essential for the reliable detection and uniform display of the fluorescence signal. To further optimize the functionality of the sensor element layer 5, the substrate material of the sensor element layer 5 is preferably selected such that it is resistant to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength λ. pmp The pump radiation 13 is essentially transparent. This allows unimpeded penetration of the pump radiation 13, enabling efficient excitation of the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5. Simultaneously, the support material is preferably also suitable for electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength λ. flThe fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers is essentially transparent. This dual transparency of the support material is typically essential, as it ensures the transmission of the fluorescence radiation 14 to the detection unit without significant scattering or absorption, thus enabling highly precise imaging of the eddy current distribution in the workpiece 17. The advantage of this technical approach lies in the increased stability and efficiency of the sensor element layer 5. The mechanical fixation of the paramagnetic centers ensures that the orientation and position of the paramagnetic centers and the corresponding crystals remain constant even during prolonged use or under external influences, enabling reliable and reproducible detection of the fluorescence signal.In addition, the transparent support material improves the transmission of the pump and fluorescence radiation 14 and thus maximizes the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor element layer 5, which is of central importance for high-resolution measurements and the precise imaging of the eddy currents in the workpiece 17.

[0191] In the fourteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the generation of the alternating magnetic field is preferably controlled. • in particular by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method and / or • in particular by means of a computer system 28 and / or • in particular by means of a processing circuit 30 for the output signals 31 of the light sensors 89 of the light sensor array 1 and / or • in particular by means of a control device of an eddy current camera head, which in particular comprises the sensor element layer 5, and / or • in particular by controlling the current flow to magnetic field generating coils.

[0192] In the fourteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the generation of the alternating magnetic field is controlled. In one embodiment, this control can be implemented by computer and / or machine, thus enabling automatic adjustment of the field strength and frequency, thereby tailoring the magnetic field specifically to the properties of the workpiece under investigation. The use of a computer system enables precise control of the magnetic field parameters, which reacts in real time to specific requirements of the measurement environment and thus supports highly accurate acquisition of the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the magnetic reaction fields.Alternatively or additionally, control can be achieved via a specialized control device for an eddy current camera head, which optimally utilizes the paramagnetic centers integrated in the sensor element layer 5. The control device 30 enables the magnetic field to be selectively generated and modified by energizing magnetic field-generating coils 80. By precisely controlling the current to these coils, the alternating magnetic field is adapted to the specific requirements of the measurement. This includes the ability to dynamically vary field parameters such as the frequency and amplitude of the alternating current supplying the magnetic field-generating coils 80, thus achieving flexible adaptation to the workpiece material under investigation and the desired measurement resolution.The implemented control mechanism, using a computer system based on machine- and / or computer-implemented algorithms, further increases measurement accuracy, as these algorithms can continuously optimize the eddy current measurement and / or the measurement of the magnetic reaction fields. The current flow to the magnetic field-generating coils 80 can be precisely adjusted, significantly improving the resolution and quality of the fluorescence image and / or phase image acquisition. The advantage of this technical approach lies in the optimized and flexible control over the generated alternating magnetic field, which allows for more precise adaptation to the workpiece 17 and higher sensitivity of the eddy current camera. This results in improved image quality and accuracy in the detection and representation of material inhomogeneities and other relevant properties of the workpiece material.

[0193] In the fifteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the alternating magnetic field preferably comprises at least one partial alternating magnetic field with an alternating field frequency and an alternating field amplitude, and the control system controls at least this alternating field frequency and / or the alternating field amplitude.In this fifteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the alternating magnetic field is precisely controlled in its frequency and amplitude to enable accurate and adaptable detection of the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of magnetic reaction fields. In this version, the alternating magnetic field includes at least one so-called partial alternating magnetic field, which possesses specific characteristics such as a defined alternating field frequency and an alternating field amplitude. This partial alternating field is controlled by targeted adjustment and fine-tuning of both the frequency and the amplitude of the generated alternating magnetic field.This adjustment can be performed manually or automatically, depending on requirements, with computer-implemented or machine-implemented control being preferred to ensure maximum precision and flexibility. The partial alternating field generates a magnetic flux density within the workpiece material, which interacts with the conductive or magnetizable areas of the workpiece 17. This interaction leads to the induction of eddy currents and / or the generation of magnetic reaction fields in specific regions of the workpiece material. The induced eddy currents, in turn, generate secondary magnetic fields as magnetic reaction fields, which interact with the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera and thus influence the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation emitted by the paramagnetic centers 14 and / or the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers are influenced. The detected changes in the fluorescence radiation 14 provide information about the structure, composition, and any anomalies of the workpiece 17, such as material inhomogeneities, cracks, or foreign inclusions. Controlling the alternating field frequency allows the magnetic field to be optimally adapted to the conductivity and other electrical and / or magnetic properties of the workpiece material. Certain frequencies are typically particularly effective at inducing eddy currents at different material depths or in materials with specific conductivities and / or magnetic properties. This allows for targeted investigation of deeper material layers or a focus on surface structures, depending on the selected frequency.Controlling the alternating field amplitude, i.e., the strength of the partial alternating magnetic field, is also of great importance. By precisely adjusting the amplitude, the penetration depth of the magnetic field, and thus the penetration depth of the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material, can be varied. Higher amplitudes result in stronger field strengths that affect deeper material layers, while lower amplitudes enable a more surface-specific analysis. Within the scope of the present technical teaching of this document, the alternating field frequency and amplitude are controlled by a control device, which can, for example, be integrated into the eddy current camera head 21 of the eddy current camera. This control device 30 is preferably connected to a computer system (e.g., 28) that regulates the control by a computer- and / or machine-implemented method.This computer system can implement adaptive control of the magnetic field (alternating magnetic field) by analyzing the acquired measurement data in real time using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods and adjusting the alternating field parameters of the magnetic field based on this analysis. This allows for the adjustment of the flux density intensity B(t,x,y) and flux density frequency f. B(t) of the alternating magnetic field can be continuously adjusted to the specific properties of the workpiece material 17 under investigation, enabling particularly precise and flexible measurement of the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the magnetic reaction field of the workpiece material within the workpiece 17. A particular advantage of this technical teaching is the ability to regulate the alternating magnetic field so finely that the material analysis can be performed independently of different material compositions and structures. This not only increases measurement accuracy but also allows for optimal adaptation of the measurement technique to a wide variety of materials and structures. Furthermore, this precise control supports the identification of deep-lying defects and a differentiated analysis of different layers within the workpiece 17, which is particularly advantageous in quality control and defect analysis.

[0194] In the sixteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, this sixteenth method preferably comprises controlling the generation of the alternating magnetic field by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method, wherein the computer- and / or machine-implemented method comprises a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method.In the sixteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the method thus comprises a specifically optimized control method for generating the alternating magnetic field. This control method is preferably implemented using a computer- and / or machine-implemented method, which in particular preferably includes an artificial intelligence method. The integration of such an AI-supported method achieves continuous and adaptive adjustment of the control of the alternating magnetic field, which makes it possible to adapt the alternating magnetic field with high precision to the specific material properties and structural features of the workpiece 17 under investigation.The artificial intelligence method can employ various types of AI algorithms and machine learning techniques to control the alternating magnetic field in real time. These AI methods include, in particular, neural networks, decision tree algorithms, support vector machines, and k-means clustering. The eddy current camera is thus designed to continuously learn from the detected fluorescence signals and thereby continuously improve the effectiveness of the alternating magnetic field, thereby enhancing the precision and sensitivity of eddy current detection and / or the detection of the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the time course of the fluorescence intensity distribution. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or relative to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields. The use of a neural network model makes it possible to recognize and adjust complex, nonlinear relationships between the control parameters of the alternating magnetic field (such as frequency, amplitude, and orientation) and the detected fluorescence signals of the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5. Based on a comprehensive training phase, this type of model can be configured to respond to patterns and correlations in the sensor data and to adjust the control parameters of the magnetic field to achieve the best possible representation of the eddy current distribution in the workpiece 17.The computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model can operate in both supervised and unsupervised learning environments, depending on whether predefined target patterns or adaptively recognized patterns in the workpiece material are to be detected. One advantage of this adaptive method is the flexibility to dynamically adjust the magnetic field parameters to different material types, thereby enabling optimal capture of both the surface and deep structure of a workpiece. This is particularly beneficial for the inspection of complex or heterogeneous materials, such as those commonly found in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics manufacturing industries.The AI-supported control method can be used, for example, for the analysis of metal alloys, for the detection of structural defects such as cracks, cavities, or inhomogeneities, and for monitoring the crystal structures within the workpiece 17. In addition, the AI ​​system, in conjunction with a computer system, can continuously evaluate real-time data and adjust the control of the alternating magnetic field accordingly. The computer system of the eddy current camera is preferably connected to a control device 30, which serves to generate and fine-tune the alternating magnetic field. The eddy current camera, in turn, is preferably equipped with magnetic field-generating coils 80, the operating current of which can be specifically regulated to meet the requirements of the workpiece material under investigation.By employing computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning, the system is able to quickly detect any changes in material properties and environmental conditions and optimize the magnetic field parameters in real time. The ability to fine-tune the alternating magnetic fields in real time not only offers high adaptability but also increases the efficiency of the entire eddy current detection process. By combining computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning with the control of the alternating magnetic fields, the eddy current camera can automatically detect deviations in the eddy current distribution that indicate structural changes or defects in the workpiece 17. This ensures early and precise defect detection, which is of considerable importance, particularly for quality assurance in series production and for safety-critical applications.An additional advantage of this technical approach lies in the continuous improvement of the AI ​​system through computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning algorithms based on large datasets. During application, the AI ​​models are preferably further refined and optimized by the eddy current camera's computer system, thereby progressively increasing the camera's recognition performance. Furthermore, the computer- and / or machine-implemented AI system of the eddy current camera is capable of autonomously adapting to new workpiece materials or geometries without requiring a complete recalibration.

[0195] In the seventeenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method preferably comprises the computer- and / or machine-implemented implementation of a computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model. Thus, in the seventeenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method supported by a neural network model is employed.This computer- and / or machine-implemented model serves for the highly precise detection and analysis of the eddy current distributions and / or the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields in different material structures and can in particular be used to recognize and process complex, nonlinear relationships within the fluorescence image and / or phase image data. The computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model is preferably designed to analyze the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5, and / or the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal evolution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or against the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields in real time and to recognize patterns that indicate specific material properties or structural anomalies. To achieve this precision, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model is preferably calibrated in an initial training phase with extensive datasets that cover a multitude of typical eddy current distributions and / or distributions of magnetic reaction fields of typical workpiece materials in different workpiece materials typical for the application.In this process, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model is confronted with known structural and material-related deviations, enabling it to identify a wide range of anomalies such as voids, cracks, inclusions, foreign bodies, and deviations in crystal structure or magnetic and electrical properties. Through training, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model learns specific patterns and can subsequently recognize them reliably in real time without additional data input. Technically, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model in this application is designed as a deep neural structure to be able to process both the spatial and spectral information of the fluorescence image in a differentiated manner.Deep computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), offer the possibility of extracting detailed features from fluorescence image data and analyzing them hierarchically. This is particularly advantageous for the precise mapping of eddy current distributions and / or distributions of magnetic reaction fields, as the multi-layered architecture of the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model allows for granular evaluation of the image information. The staggered analysis of the fluorescence image and / or phase image data enables the stepwise detection of relevant features, from the recognition of basic intensity patterns in the fluorescence intensity distribution (fluorescence intensity I). fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or fundamental phase shift patterns in the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal evolution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields up to the detailed identification of specific material structures and defects. The computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model is additionally preferably capable of making real-time adjustments in the control of the magnetic fields (of the alternating magnetic fields) and the associated parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and vector orientation in order to optimize the detection of the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material.In the event of changes in the workpiece material or deviations from the expected material properties, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model of the eddy current camera's computer system can directly adjust the control parameters of the alternating magnetic fields and other control parameters of the eddy current camera, such as modulation and spatial distribution of the pump radiation and / or.

[0196] The modulation and spatial distribution of the alternating magnetic field are proposed, thereby continuously improving the quality of eddy current detection. This leads to more efficient and precise material testing, which finds application in various industrial sectors, particularly in quality assurance and preventive maintenance. A key advantage of the described technical approach lies in the flexibility of the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model, which can be optimized for specific requirements and new material types without requiring fundamental reconfiguration of the eddy current camera.

[0197] In the eighteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method preferably comprises the computer- and / or machine-implemented execution of a computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning method. Thus, in the eighteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or a phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the method preferably utilizes a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method that includes machine learning.This process employs computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning methods to identify and classify highly complex patterns in fluorescence and / or phase images. The goal is typically to efficiently and precisely analyze relevant features of the eddy current distribution and / or the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields within the workpiece material, and to derive valuable insights into the material and its internal structure. The method is based on the computer- and / or machine-based implementation of advanced machine learning algorithms, which are trained during a training phase using data from various eddy current patterns and / or from different patterns of the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields, along with known material properties.These data typically include reference images (reference fluorescence images and / or reference phase images) of materials with various known inhomogeneities such as cracks, foreign matter, structural layering, or variations in electrical and / or magnetic conductivity and / or other electrical and / or magnetic properties. Through training, the model learns to automatically recognize relevant features and interpret their significance. The computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning process can utilize both supervised and unsupervised learning methods to optimize the computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis. In supervised learning, the computer- and / or machine-implemented model is initially trained with labeled datasets, where each fluorescence image or...A phase image is associated with a specific eddy current distribution and / or a specific distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field of the material and / or a specific material property of the workpiece material. This enables the computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithm to reliably identify specific features and anomalies in future fluorescence images and / or phase images. In contrast, unsupervised learning is able to independently recognize unknown patterns in the data by accessing the statistical properties of the image data (e.g., fluorescence image data and / or phase image data). This makes the computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithm particularly powerful in the computer- and / or machine-implemented detection of unforeseen material deviations or rarely occurring defects.A key advantage of the machine learning method lies in its flexibility and adaptability. The eddy current camera can continuously acquire new data (e.g., in the form of new fluorescence and / or phase images) and adapt its computer- and / or machine-implemented model based on the latest computer- and / or machine-implemented analyses and evolving requirements. In this way, the computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model typically remains up-to-date and can effectively handle new materials or new requirements without needing to be completely reprogrammed. This is particularly beneficial for applications in industrial quality assurance and predictive maintenance, as it significantly increases detection capability and analysis efficiency.At the end of the computer- and / or machine-implemented process, the integration of machine learning methods into the acquisition and computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the eddy current distribution makes a crucial contribution to enabling more precise and dynamic material testing by expanding the detection spectrum and increasing the efficiency of the analysis methods.

[0198] In the nineteenth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the nineteenth variant of the method preferably comprises the step of generating an eddy current image of one or more eddy currents and / or an image of the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material and / or an image of the distribution of the intensity of an eddy current field from one or more fluorescence images and / or phase images by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method. Such an eddy current image depicts the distribution of one or more eddy currents and / or an entire eddy current field within the workpiece material.Such an image of the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material depicts the distribution of the generating intensity of magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material. To enable such a representation, the eddy current camera preferably uses one or more computer- and / or machine-implemented methods that analyze and interpret the data contained in the fluorescence images. The computer- and / or machine-implemented method for generating the eddy current image, or...To generate a reaction image of the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material, the process begins with the acquisition of one or more fluorescence images and / or phase images. These images are obtained by irradiating the workpiece 17 with an alternating magnetic field and the subsequent interaction with the paramagnetic centers contained in the sensor element layer 5. These paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 are sensitive to changes in the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) caused by the eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material in the workpiece 17. The fluorescence radiation 14 emitted by the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 varies in its fluorescence intensity distribution. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or in its spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity I fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity I pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or against the temporal evolution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields as a function of the strength and direction of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) at the location of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5. This dependency is used to reconstruct a detailed image of the eddy current distributions generated in the workpiece 17 and / or the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y). To generate an eddy current image and / or an image and / or distributions of magnetic reaction fields (reaction image) from the fluorescence images and / or phase images, a computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis method is preferably used, which detects specific patterns and the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or specific patterns in the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal evolution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fı (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields, and converted into a cartographic representation of the eddy current distribution and / or the magnetic reaction fields. Preferably, a computer- and / or machine-implemented pixel-by-pixel analysis of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l is performed. fı(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity lt l(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 to map the locally varying magnetic interaction in the workpiece material. To optimize the computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis, the method can utilize computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms of machine learning or image processing, which enable the automatic identification of specific patterns, anomalies, and inhomogeneities in the fluorescence and / or phase shift data. This approach achieves a precise, visual representation of the eddy currents and / or eddy current fields and / or magnetic reaction fields of the workpiece material, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the materials, the material structure, density differences, and possible material defects in the workpiece 17.A particular advantage of this technical solution is the high sensitivity and resolution achieved through fluorescence and phase image analysis, as even the smallest changes in the flux density distribution and / or changes in the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l are detected. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14, which is caused by minute material deviations, can be detected and analyzed by the paramagnetic centers of the sensor material layer 5.

[0199] In the twentieth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the twentieth variant of the method comprises the step of generating a one-, two-, three- or more-dimensional diagram of a value that is related to or corresponds to the current value distribution of the eddy current field in the material of the workpiece 17 and / or to the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field of the workpiece material, from one or more fluorescence images and / or phase images by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method.

[0200] The diagram can be one- or multi-dimensional, i.e., it can be designed as a one-, two-, three-, or even higher-dimensional representation to provide detailed information about the current distribution in the eddy current field of workpiece 17 and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field of the workpiece material. Such a diagram can depict values ​​that directly correlate with or correspond to the current distribution with respect to the alternating magnetic field and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field of the workpiece material.To create the diagram, the eddy current camera, and in particular the computer system of the eddy current camera, preferably uses a computer- and / or machine-implemented method that calculates the intensities and distribution patterns of the fluorescence intensity distribution recorded in one or more fluorescence images. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the intensities and distribution patterns of the spatial distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal evolution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l recorded in one or more phase images fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmpThe eddy current camera analyzes the (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields. The fluorescence images and / or phase images, which are generated by the interaction of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5 with the eddy currents in the workpiece material, contain information on the intensity of the magnetic flux density B(t,x,y) in the workpiece 17. When executed by the eddy current camera, the computer- and / or machine-implemented method processes this data by converting the fluorescence images and / or phase images into numerical values ​​that represent the current density distribution and intensity, or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the reaction fields, in the form of a diagram. Depending on the selected dimension of the diagram, the eddy current camera, particularly with the aid of its computer system, can perform various levels of detail and analysis.A one-dimensional diagram is suitable, for example, for displaying current distribution trends and / or trends in the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field along a specific axis or line through the workpiece 17. A two-dimensional diagram, for example, provides a planar view of the current distribution and / or the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field, which is particularly useful for identifying material inhomogeneities, current-conducting structures, or the like. A three-dimensional diagram, for example, allows a volumetric analysis of the current distribution and / or the intensity distribution at the origins of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field and is therefore particularly valuable when investigating three-dimensional workpieces 17 or complex material structures.Higher-dimensional diagrams could also depict time-dependent or dynamic changes in the current distribution and / or the time-varying intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field, which can be relevant for the investigation of materials under stress or in changing magnetic fields. By using a computer- and / or machine-implemented method for analyzing the fluorescence images and generating the diagram, the eddy current camera achieves a detailed and high-resolution visualization of the current distribution and / or the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field in the workpiece material.The advantage of this technical solution lies in the precise, scalable, and multidimensional representation of the current value distribution and / or the intensity distribution of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field, which enables a differentiated and comprehensive analysis of the material. The method can be used to identify material defects, to investigate electrical conductivity properties, and to analyze the internal structure of workpieces.17

[0201] In the twenty-first variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the twenty-first variant of the method comprises the step of generating a diagram of the eddy current amplitude and / or the density of the origins of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field or a related quantity along a line through one or more fluorescence images and / or one or more phase images by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method. This amplitude distribution and / or phase distribution is thereby generated along a predefined line through one or more fluorescence images and / or phase images.The method preferably uses a computer- and / or machine-implemented method that determines the intensity-related values ​​of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l. fı (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fı (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields along the defined line in the material, and firstly, the amplitude distribution of the eddy currents and / or the amplitude distribution of the density of the origins of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field and / or secondly, the phase distribution of the eddy currents and / or the phase distribution of the density of the origins of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction field with respect to the line is displayed in detail. The eddy current camera preferably performs this generation of this diagram by computer-aided processing of the fluorescence images and / or phase images, which are based on the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l. fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal evolution of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields, and thus depends on the eddy current patterns and / or the patterns of the structures in the workpiece material that cause the magnetic reaction field. The computer- and / or machine-implemented method performed by the eddy current camera interprets the values ​​measured along the line and displays them in a diagram. The diagram can include various measures and units, ranging from the eddy current amplitude and / or the density value of the causes of the magnetic reaction field to physically related quantities that are related to the current distribution and / or the density value of the causes of the magnetic reaction field in the workpiece 17.A key advantage of this technical solution lies in its ability to display the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the causes of the magnetic reaction field along specific lines within the material with high resolution. This makes it possible to obtain targeted and precise information about the material properties along specific line segments. This solution can be particularly useful in the analysis of linear or elongated workpiece components, such as welds or narrow parts, to gain detailed insights into electrical conductivity and material homogeneity.

[0202] In the twenty-second variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the computer- and / or machine-implemented method preferably comprises a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method. This computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method, preferably executed by the computer system of the eddy current camera, analyzes the fluorescence images and / or phase images caused by eddy currents and / or the sources of the magnetic reaction field and interprets their patterns to gain deeper insights into the eddy current distribution and / or the distribution of the sources of the magnetic reaction fields and material properties in the workpiece material.Through the use of artificial intelligence, the computer- and / or machine-implemented method, when executed by the eddy current camera, is able to reliably detect and classify complex patterns and subtle anomalies in the fluorescence images and / or phase images. The eddy current camera achieves this preferably through computer- and / or machine-implemented automated image processing algorithms that analyze the captured fluorescence intensity distributions according to the fluorescence intensity values. l (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or against the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields, and the fluorescence images and / or phase images are evaluated with regard to the features under investigation. The computer- and / or machine-implemented AI of the proposed magnetic field camera can improve its detection capabilities through continuous learning and the processing of large datasets, and continuously optimize the analysis of the eddy current images and / or the images of the causes of the magnetic reaction fields. The advantage of this technical solution is that the computer- and / or machine-implemented method can automatically detect deviations or special patterns in the workpiece material without manual intervention, which enables a significant increase in the efficiency of material testing while simultaneously increasing the precision of the analysis.

[0203] In the twenty-third variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method, which the eddy current camera preferably executes, preferably comprises the computer- and / or machine-implemented execution of a computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model. Preferably, a computer system of the eddy current camera executes this computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model.This computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model processes and analyzes the complex fluorescence images and / or phase images generated by induced eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material. It preferably extracts relevant patterns or deviations to enable a detailed material analysis of the workpiece. The following is a description of suitable neural network models and their advantages for analyzing the fluorescence image and / or phase image data when executed by the eddy current camera's computer system. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

[0204] Computer- and / or machine-implemented convolutional neural networks are particularly well-suited for image data processing because they utilize specialized convolutional layers to automatically detect features such as edges, patterns, and textures. This is especially advantageous for analyzing fluorescence and / or phase image data, as CNNs enable precise detection and segmentation of eddy current distributions and material structures through this feature extraction. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs)

[0205] Computer- and / or machine-implemented RNNs and their extended variant LSTMs are neural networks specifically designed for analyzing sequential data. In the context of fluorescence image analysis and / or phase image analysis, they can be used to track changes in image data across a series of acquisitions. These models are ideal for capturing dynamic changes in the eddy current pattern and / or the image of the causes of the magnetic reaction fields, for example, when examining workpiece 17 at different stages of the inspection process. Deep Belief Networks (DBNs)

[0206] Computer- and / or machine-implemented DBNs comprise multiple layers of neural networks and are particularly well-suited for detecting complex patterns in large datasets. For the analysis of fluorescence images influenced by eddy currents and / or magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material, DBNs can uncover deep and non-linear relationships between image features. This allows even subtle anomalies in the workpiece material to be identified and classified. Autoencoder

[0207] Computer- and / or machine-implemented autoencoders are suitable for reducing data to essential features and automatically detecting anomalies. In fluorescence imaging and / or phase image analysis, autoencoders can be used to determine basic patterns in the workpiece material and to detect deviations such as cracks or inclusions that manifest as distinctive fluorescence or phase shift patterns. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

[0208] Computer- and / or machine-implemented GANs comprise a computer- and / or machine-implemented generator network and a computer- and / or machine-implemented discriminator network and are capable of generating computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial data. In this process, GANs could be used via the eddy current camera to generate synthetic eddy current images and / or images of the causes of the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material, thus expanding the dataset. This improves the recognition accuracy for the neural network model, as more training data is available.

[0209] The advantage of using these computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network models in the present method for acquiring and analyzing eddy current fluorescence and / or eddy current phase images and / or fluorescence and / or phase images of the causes of magnetic reaction fields lies in their high ability for pattern recognition and analysis of large datasets. This leads to more precise detection of material anomalies and enables in-depth characterization of structural features in the workpiece material.

[0210] In the twenty-fourth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or causes of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, preferably comprises the computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method, which preferably executes the eddy current camera, the computer- and / or machine-implemented execution of a computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning method.In this twenty-third variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of causes of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method, in particular by the computer system of the eddy current camera, is used to determine the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l. fı (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 and / or the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or the temporal evolution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields are to be precisely analyzed and preferably displayed. The acquisition of the eddy current distribution in the workpiece material and / or the acquisition of the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material are typically based on a computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning method, which serves to recognize and analyze complex patterns in the image data (fluorescence images and / or phase images) generated by the fluorescence radiation 14. The machine learning method is preferably designed and trained such that, when executed by the eddy current camera and / or the eddy current camera in conjunction with another computer system and / or a model computer system, it is able to identify characteristic features of the fluorescence intensity distribution l.fl(t,x,y) and / or the distribution of the phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers in the sensor element layer 5, which indicate the specific eddy current patterns and / or specific patterns of the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material. For this purpose, a suitable computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning model, for example a computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network, is preferably pre-trained with a large number of datasets using a computer- and / or machine-implemented training procedure, which include typical distributions of eddy currents and / or distributions of causes of magnetic reaction fields in typical workpieces 17 and the corresponding fluorescence images and / or phase images of a sensor element layer 5 of an eddy current camera.These fluorescence images and / or phase images may additionally have been acquired under different physical conditions using the eddy current camera in question. For example, these physical conditions may include different frequencies of the alternating magnetic field generated by the eddy current camera during fluorescence and / or phase image acquisition and / or different temperatures of the relevant prototype workpieces 17 used during fluorescence and / or phase image acquisition. These parameters can • for fluorescence and / or phase image images of the same workpiece area of ​​the same workpiece 17 may be different and / or • for fluorescence and / or phase images of different workpiece areas of the same workpiece 17 may be different and / or • for fluorescence and / or phase images of the same workpiece area of ​​different workpieces 17 may be different and / or • for fluorescence and / or phase images of different workpiece areas of different workpieces 17 may be different.

[0211] This training data can be generated through simulations or experimentally acquired reference images, allowing the system to learn to associate specific image features with the underlying eddy current patterns and / or patterns of the causes of magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material. The computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method proposed here thus enables the executing eddy current camera to perform an automated and highly efficient analysis of the image data, typically detecting even minimal deviations in the fluorescence intensity distribution. fı(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera and / or typically even minimal deviations in the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp(t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields are detected and recorded as relevant features by the eddy current camera. This allows, for example, the detection of defects, cracks, or structural irregularities in the workpiece material, which are caused by differing eddy current distributions and / or differing distributions of the sources of magnetic reaction fields and thus by differing fluorescence intensity distributions. fl (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera and / or by differing spatial phase distributions of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity l fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the sensor element layer 5 of the eddy current camera versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmp (t,x,y) of the pump radiation 13 and / or compared to the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields can be reliably detected. This is particularly advantageous for the non-destructive testing of workpieces 17 in safety-critical areas, as the method offers high precision and repeatability while simultaneously enabling efficient processing of large data sets. A further advantage of this variant's technical teaching is that the use of machine learning allows for real-time evaluation, since the trained algorithms are optimized for the acquisition and processing of image data and, due to their parallel computing architecture, enable rapid data processing.

[0212] The twenty-fifth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, preferably comprises the step of inferring from one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images to one or more properties of a workpiece 17 that interacts with the alternating magnetic field and that interacts with the sensor element layer 5.In this twenty-fourth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of sources of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the method preferably comprises a step in which conclusions about specific properties of the workpiece material are drawn from the acquired fluorescence and / or phase images by computer and / or machine implementation. These fluorescence and / or phase images are again generated by the interaction of the workpiece 17 with both an alternating magnetic field and the sensor element layer 5, which, preferably as before, is applied to the workpiece material of the workpiece 17. The fluorescence intensity distribution l generated in this process is... fl(t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 of the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer 5 and / or the spatial phase distribution of the temporal phase shift φ(t,x,y) of the temporal course of the fluorescence intensity distribution of the fluorescence intensity lt l (t,x,y) of the fluorescence radiation 14 versus the time course of the modulation of the pump radiation intensity l pmpThe relationship (t,x,y) between the pump radiation 13 and / or the time course of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic fields in the images provides valuable information about the material properties, since the eddy currents induced by the alternating magnetic field of the eddy current camera and / or the causes of the magnetic reaction fields generated by the alternating magnetic field of the eddy current camera in the workpiece material are strongly influenced by these material properties. Thus, the acquired fluorescence and phase images allow targeted conclusions to be drawn about mechanical and physical parameters of the workpiece 17 and / or the workpiece material, such as electrical conductivity, material homogeneity, or the presence of structural defects like cracks, internal stresses, or variations in material composition.Detailed image analysis of fluorescence and / or phase images and / or temporal fluorescence image and / or phase image sequences allows for the high-resolution and accurate acquisition of the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of the magnetic reaction fields in the workpiece material, generated by the interaction of the magnetic field and the sensor element layer 5. Acquiring temporal fluorescence and / or phase image sequences enables the observation of temporal changes in the workpiece material and / or the workpiece 17. This step of image evaluation of the fluorescence and / or phase images is typically based on the combination of specific data patterns in the fluorescence and / or phase images, which are typically correlated with material properties.A particular advantage of this variant's technical design lies in the fact that non-destructive testing of material properties becomes possible, as no direct physical interaction with the internal structure of the workpiece 17 is required. The measurement is performed via the interactions that arise at the interface with the sensor element layer 5, thus enabling non-contact detection and analysis.

[0213] In the twenty-sixth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the conclusion to one or more properties of a workpiece 17 is preferably drawn from one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method, which preferably performs the eddy current camera.In this twenty-sixth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image depicting the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of sources of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the eddy current camera's computer system, or another computer system, preferably infers specific workpiece properties from the acquired fluorescence and / or phase images. The eddy current camera's computer system preferably performs the analysis using a computer- and / or machine-implemented method that enables precise and efficient data processing. Typically, computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms of machine learning, computer- and / or machine-implemented image processing, and computer- and / or machine-implemented pattern recognition, which are particularly suitable for this type of data, are used.A particularly suitable computer- and / or machine-implemented method involves the use of computer- and / or machine-implemented neural networks by the eddy current camera, especially computer- and / or machine-implemented convolutional neural networks (CNNs) optimized for the computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of image data. Computer- and / or machine-implemented CNNs are capable of identifying and classifying specific patterns in fluorescence and / or phase images, enabling differentiated computer- and / or machine-implemented detection of eddy current distributions and / or distributions of the causes of magnetic reaction fields and their correlation with material properties.These computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms learn from training data to recognize typical properties such as conductivity or material defects, and also to identify subtle differences in the respective image structure that could indicate material irregularities. In addition to computer- and / or machine-implemented CNNs, computer- and / or machine-implemented Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are also suitable as computer- and / or machine-implemented methods for computer- and / or machine-implemented classification and computer- and / or machine-implemented regression. Computer- and / or machine-implemented SVMs are capable of separating complex data patterns and thus classifying specific properties of the workpiece material. They offer high accuracy and are particularly advantageous with smaller datasets because they require less computing power.These computer- and / or machine-implemented algorithms can be used, for example, to detect specific material types or to identify homogeneous and inhomogeneous areas within a workpiece. Computer- and / or machine-implemented decision tree algorithms, such as computer- and / or machine-implemented random forests, are also employed. Random forests consist of a multitude of computer- and / or machine-implemented decision trees that are combined to make precise predictions. These algorithms provide robust results and are less prone to overfitting than traditional decision trees.They enable intuitive computer- and / or machine-implemented classification of material properties and can identify various material characteristics based on parameters such as image contrast and fluorescence distribution. Additionally, computer- and / or machine-implemented cluster analysis methods, such as computer- and / or machine-implemented k-means clustering, are suitable. This method divides the fluorescence image into regions with similar properties. It is particularly useful for identifying areas with differing electrical or mechanical properties within the workpiece material.By assigning image regions of the respective images (fluorescence images and / or phase images) to different clusters using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods, a detailed computer- and / or machine-implemented analysis of the material composition can be performed. This supports the computer- and / or machine-implemented inference of specific properties such as homogeneity and defect distribution. A further advantage of using such computer- and / or machine-implemented methods lies in their scalability and adaptability. These methods can be flexibly applied to different image types and material classes using the eddy current camera and can be optimized through additional training to, for example, adapt to new materials or different fluorescence distributions.The use of the aforementioned computer- and / or machine-implemented methods by the eddy current camera offers the advantage that complex material structures and properties can be efficiently and precisely detected using computer- and / or machine-implemented methods, without the need for manual inspection. It is evident that the computer system 28 of the eddy current camera, as defined in this document, can also be a data center and / or a high-performance computing (HPC) center, which may also include quantum computers and / or computer systems with neuromorphic cores. This last sentence explicitly applies to the entire document. Therefore, when this document refers to CNNs, it explicitly includes QCNNs (Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks) and other neural network models utilizing quantum computers and / or quantum registers and / or qubits.

[0214] In the twenty-seventh variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the conclusion is preferably drawn from one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images to one or more properties of a workpiece 17 by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method which includes or is a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method.With regard to the advantages and suitable methods, the document presented here refers to the explanations of the twenty-sixth variant of the method for detecting a fluorescence and / or phase image which depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of a magnetic reaction field in a workpiece material of a workpiece 17.

[0215] In the twenty-eighth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the conclusion drawn from one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images to one or more properties of a workpiece 17 is preferably carried out by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method, which comprises or is a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method and wherein this computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method comprises or represents the computer- and / or machine-implemented implementation of a computer- and / or machine-implemented neural network model.Regarding the advantages and suitable procedures, this document refers to the explanations of the twenty-fifth variant of the method for detecting a fluorescence and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material.

[0216] In the twenty-ninth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the conclusion drawn from one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images to one or more properties of a workpiece 17 is preferably carried out by means of a computer- and / or machine-implemented method which comprises or is a computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method and wherein this computer- and / or machine-implemented artificial intelligence method comprises or represents the computer- and / or machine-implemented execution of a computer- and / or machine-implemented machine learning method.Regarding the advantages and suitable procedures, this document refers to the explanations of the twenty-sixth variant of the method for detecting a fluorescence and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material.

[0217] In the thirtieth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the alternating magnetic field preferably comprises at least one partial alternating magnetic field with an alternating field frequency and an alternating field amplitude. In this thirtieth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image that depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the sources of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, a step of adjusting an alternating field frequency and / or an alternating field amplitude of the partial alternating magnetic field and / or the alternating magnetic field is preferably included.In this thirtieth variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image based on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of sources of magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, an alternating magnetic field is generated that includes at least one partial alternating magnetic field. This partial alternating magnetic field is characterized by a specific alternating field frequency and a defined alternating field amplitude. The alternating field frequency and the alternating field amplitude of the partial alternating magnetic field or the entire alternating magnetic field are preferably set by the computer system of the eddy current camera such that targeted acquisition and resolution of the eddy current distribution within the workpiece material are possible.The method for adjusting the alternating field parameters, i.e., the alternating field frequency and / or the alternating field amplitude, makes it possible to optimally adapt the magnetic alternating field to the material properties of the workpiece 17 under investigation, and in particular to precisely adapt it to the material properties of the workpiece 17 already recognized by the computer system. By adjusting the alternating field frequency, it is ensured that the induced eddy currents and / or the causes of magnetic reaction fields can be generated and precisely represented, for example, as a function of the electrical conductivity and permeability of the workpiece material.The appropriate selection of the alternating field amplitude ensures that the amplitude of the eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction fields within the material lies within a range that generates a meaningful fluorescence and / or phase response in the sensor element layer 5, without thermally or mechanically overloading the material. Adjusting the alternating field frequency is particularly advantageous here, as different frequencies penetrate the workpiece material to varying depths. By specifically selecting a higher alternating field frequency, eddy currents and / or distributions of magnetic reaction field sources on the material surface can be precisely mapped, while lower frequencies achieve a greater penetration depth.This variation in frequency allows for flexible investigation of different layers and depths within the material, which facilitates the application of the method in various technical contexts and for different types of materials. Furthermore, by varying the alternating field amplitude, the sensitivity and detection range can be adapted to the specific application.

[0218] Higher amplitudes of the alternating field lead to more intense induced eddy currents and / or more intense magnetic reaction fields, and thus also to a stronger fluorescence and / or phase response in the sensor element layer 5. This is particularly advantageous for workpieces 17 with low conductivities, as even weaker eddy currents and / or weak magnetic reaction fields can be precisely detected and depicted in the fluorescence and / or phase image. A significant advantage of this method for adjusting alternating field parameters is that it improves the imaging of material defects, conductivity distributions, and / or distributions of the causes of magnetic reaction fields and structural irregularities within the workpiece 17.

[0219] The thirty-first variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, preferably comprises the step of at least two or more times adjusting a respective alternating field frequency and / or an alternating field amplitude of the partial alternating magnetic field and / or the alternating magnetic field and acquiring one or more respective fluorescence and / or phase images for each adjustment.In this thirty-first variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depend on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, the alternating magnetic field or partial alternating magnetic field is controlled such that the alternating field frequency and / or alternating field amplitude is set multiple times and separately. Each individual adjustment of the alternating field frequency and / or alternating field amplitude typically serves to generate specific eddy current patterns and / or specific magnetic reaction fields within the workpiece material, each of which produces a different fluorescence and / or phase image in the sensor system.For each setting of the alternating field, a separate fluorescence and / or phase image is preferably acquired, resulting in a set of fluorescence and / or phase images that reflect the response of the workpiece 17 to various magnetic conditions. This multiple adjustment of the alternating magnetic field allows for the analysis of the workpiece material with respect to various properties, since the interaction of the induced eddy currents and / or the generated magnetic reaction fields with the material properties varies depending on the selected frequencies and amplitudes. By selectively varying the alternating field frequency, the penetration depth of the alternating magnetic field in the workpiece material can be controlled, enabling detailed analysis of both near-surface and deeper material regions.This leads to a comprehensive analysis of the workpiece material in various layers and with high resolution, which is particularly relevant for defect detection and the inspection for structural inhomogeneities. Repeated acquisition of fluorescence and / or phase images at different alternating magnetic field settings offers the further advantage that a detailed overall picture of the workpiece material is generated by comparing and superimposing the images. This approach allows for the targeted analysis of the workpiece material's properties, such as conductivity and permeability, and the differentiation between various material states and structures. Such insights are particularly beneficial for quality assurance in production as well as for materials research, since the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields are visualized in detail.A key advantage of this multiple and targeted adjustment of the alternating field parameters of the magnetic alternating field is the high precision and flexibility that the method offers in the material analysis of the workpiece material.

[0220] The thirty-second variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, preferably differs in the respective alternating field frequencies and / or the respective alternating field amplitudes of the respective partial magnetic alternating fields and / or the respective magnetic alternating fields in which the acquisition of the respective fluorescence and / or phase images takes place, for at least two and / or a plurality of fluorescence and / or phase images of the two fluorescence and / or phase images or the plurality of fluorescence and / or phase images.In this thirty-second variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image based on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of sources of magnetic reaction fields within a workpiece material, different partial alternating magnetic fields or alternating fields are employed, differing from one another in their respective alternating field frequencies and / or alternating field amplitudes. When acquiring preferably each fluorescence and / or phase image, a specific combination of these alternating field parameters of the magnetic alternating field is thus selectively used, thereby typically creating different magnetic field conditions for at least two fluorescence and / or phase images or for a plurality of fluorescence and / or phase images.The targeted variation of the alternating field frequencies and amplitudes for each fluorescence and / or phase image allows the response of the workpiece material to be recorded under different magnetic conditions and these responses to be displayed as separate fluorescence and / or phase images. By using different partial alternating fields with varying frequencies and / or amplitudes, the penetration depth of the alternating magnetic field in the workpiece material can be specifically adjusted for each setting. This enables the fluorescence and / or phase responses to be recorded and analyzed separately for both near-surface and deeper material layers.The differentiation of the reaction patterns of workpiece 17 to the various partial alternating magnetic fields of the eddy current camera's magnetic field makes it possible to draw particularly precise conclusions about the structural integrity and material properties of workpiece 17. A further advantage of this method lies in the fact that, by comparing the numerous fluorescence and / or phase images, correlations can be established between the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field and the observed material properties. These differentiated insights not only support quality assurance and material testing, but are also particularly valuable for the analysis and investigation of microstructures and defects in the workpiece material.Overall, this method allows for an optimized and detailed analysis of the internal structure as well as the magnetic and electrical properties of the workpiece material by utilizing a variety of fluorescence and / or phase responses under varying magnetic conditions.

[0221] The thirty-third variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence image and / or phase image, which depends on the distribution of eddy currents and / or on the distribution of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material, preferably involves setting an alternating field frequency and / or an alternating field amplitude of the partial magnetic alternating field and / or the magnetic alternating field and / or determining the number of fluorescence and / or phase images acquired or to be acquired with the same alternating field frequency and / or alternating field amplitude depending on one or more acquired fluorescence and / or phase images.In the thirty-third variant of the method for acquiring a fluorescence and / or phase image based on the distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of magnetic reaction fields within a workpiece material, the adjustment of the alternating field frequency and / or the alternating field amplitude of the partial or total alternating magnetic field is performed depending on one or more previously acquired fluorescence and / or phase images. This dependence on prior image information allows for flexible adaptation of the parameters of the alternating magnetic field to the specific features that have become visible in the previously acquired images.This can be particularly useful when initial images reveal specific workpiece material properties or deviations in these properties that require closer examination at specific alternating field amplitudes of the magnetic flux densities or alternating field frequencies of the modulation of the magnetic flux density of the partial alternating fields of the magnetic alternating field. Additionally, this variant includes the option of specifying the number of further fluorescence and / or phase images to be acquired with the same alternating field frequency and / or alternating field amplitude. This adjustment is preferably also implemented using computer and / or machine technology, depending on the features and details observed in the initial acquired images (fluorescence and / or phase images).For example, if material anomalies are detected, a more det...

Claims

[1] Magnetic field camera head (21) with a sensor element layer (5) and with a light source (2) for pump radiation (13) and with a fluorescence camera with a light sensor array (1) with light sensors (89) and wherein the sensor element layer (5) comprises paramagnetic centers and wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation (14) when irradiated with pump radiation (13) and where the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl {t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) and the intensity of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center depends and wherein the magnetic field camera head (21) is configured to produce a fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl{t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the sensor element layer (5) to detect and provide, characterized by that the magnetic field camera head (21) is configured to obtain a first phase image of the distribution of the first local temporal phase delay (φ1(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) against a temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) of an alternating magnetic field to detect and provide. [2] Magnetic field camera head (21) according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic field camera head (21) is additionally configured to produce a phase image of the distribution of the local temporal phase delay (φ n {t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl(t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution relative to another reference signal and to provide it. [3] Magnetic field camera head (21) according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the magnetic field camera head (21) is configured to obtain a second phase image of the distribution of the second local temporal phase delay (φ2(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution versus the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) of the light source (2) to detect and provide . [4] Eddy current camera head (21) wherein the eddy current camera head (21) may in particular comprise a magnetic field camera head (21) according to claim 1, with a sensor element layer (5) and with a light source (2) for pump radiation (13) and with a fluorescence camera with a light sensor array (1) with light sensors (89) and with one or more means (80) for generating an alternating magnetic field, wherein in particular one or more means of these one or more means (80) for generating an alternating magnetic field may comprise one or more magnetic field generating coils (80) and wherein the sensor element layer (5) comprises paramagnetic centers and wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation (14) when irradiated with pump radiation (13) and where the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl {t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) and the intensity of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center depends and wherein the fluorescence camera is set up to produce a fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl {t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the sensor element layer (5) to detect and provide, and wherein the eddy current camera head (21) is configured to induce a magnetic reaction field and / or electric eddy currents in a workpiece (17) by means of the means for generating a magnetic alternating field and wherein the eddy current camera head (21) is configured to detect the effect of the magnetic fields of these eddy currents and / or the magnetic reaction field on the paramagnetic centers in the form of the fluorescence image, characterized by that the eddy current camera head (21) is configured to obtain a first phase image of the distribution of the first local temporal phase delay (φ1(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) against a temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) of an alternating magnetic field to detect and provide. [5] Eddy current camera head (21) according to claim 4, wherein the eddy current camera head (21) is additionally configured to produce a phase image of the distribution of the local temporal phase delay (φ n (t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution relative to another reference signal and to provide it. [6] Eddy current camera head (21) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the eddy current camera head (21) is configured to obtain a second phase image of the distribution of the second local temporal phase delay (φ2(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution versus the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) of the light source (2) to detect and provide. [7] Eddy current camera with an eddy current camera head (21) according to one of claims 4 to 6 and with a control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21) and with a computer system (28) for controlling the control device of the eddy current camera head (21), wherein the control device may be wholly or partly part of the eddy current camera head and / or may be wholly or partly located outside the eddy current camera head and wherein the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21) is configured to supply one or more of the magnetic field generating coils (80) with an electrical control current which has at least an alternating current component, and wherein the computer system (28) is configured to control this current supply to the one or more magnetic field generating coils (80) by the control device for controlling the eddy current camera head (21), and wherein the computer system (28) is configured to generate from a fluorescence image of the eddy current camera head (21) using a computer- and / or machine-implemented method - to generate an eddy current image of one or more eddy currents and / or an eddy current field and / or an image of the intensity of the magnetic flux density of one or more magnetic reaction fields and / or - to generate a one-, two-, three- or more-dimensional diagram of a value that is related to or corresponds to the current value distribution of the eddy current field and / or the distribution of the causes of one or more magnetic reaction fields and / or - to generate a diagram of the eddy current amplitude and / or the distribution of the causes of one or more magnetic reaction fields or a quantity related to them along a virtual line through the sensor element layer (5). [8] Use of an eddy current camera according to claim 7 and / or an eddy current camera head (21) according to any one of claims 4 to 6 and / or a magnetic field camera with a magnetic field camera head according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 for investigating the eddy current field and / or one or more magnetic reaction fields of workpieces (17), - which include magnetized and / or magnetizable workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts and / or - magnetized and / or magnetizable workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts are and / or - ferromagnetic workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts include or are and / or - include or are paramagnetic workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts and / or - diamagnetic workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts include or are and / or - electrically conductive workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts include or are and / or - electrically semiconducting workpieces (17) and / or fixture parts include or are and / or - electrically insulating workpieces (17) and / or device parts include or are which, in the event of a fault, change their electrical conductivity and / or their magnetic properties at least locally. [9] Method for acquiring a fluorescence image and first phase image which depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the causes of one or more magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material of a workpiece (17), with the steps Providing (100) a sensor element layer (5), in particular an eddy current camera head (21) according to one of claims 4 to 6 and / or a magnetic field camera head according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 and / or an eddy current camera according to claim 7, - wherein the sensor element layer (5) comprises paramagnetic centers and - wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation (14) when irradiated with pump radiation (13) and - where the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl {t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) and the intensity of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center; Irradiation (110) of the paramagnetic centers with pump radiation (13) (LB); Generation (120) of electric eddy currents and / or one or more magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece (17) by means of an alternating magnetic field; Acquisition (130) of the fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl{t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) and / or the paramagnetic centers of the sensor element layer (5) and Acquisition (130) of a first phase image of the distribution of the first local temporal phase delay (φ1(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) versus a temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) of an alternating magnetic field; Detecting (130) the effect of the magnetic fields of the generated eddy currents and / or the generated one or more magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers and / or the sensor element layer (5) in the form of the fluorescence image and / or first phase image. [10] Method according to claim 9 comprising the step Acquisition (130) of a second phase image of the distribution of the second local temporal phase delay (φ2{t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution versus the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) of the light source (2). [11] Method for capturing an image that depends on a distribution of eddy currents and / or the distribution of the intensity of one or more magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece material of a workpiece (17), in particular according to claim 9 or 10, comprising the steps Providing (100) a sensor element layer (5), in particular an eddy current camera head (21), - wherein the sensor element layer (5) comprises paramagnetic centers and - wherein the paramagnetic centers emit fluorescence radiation (14) when irradiated with pump radiation (13) and - where the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl {t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) from the pump radiation intensity distribution of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp (t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) and the intensity of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) at the respective location of the respective paramagnetic center; Providing (140) a light source (2), in particular the eddy current camera head (21), for pump radiation (13) to excite a fluorescence radiation (14) of the paramagnetic centers; Providing (150) a fluorescence camera, in particular the eddy current camera head (21) according to one of claims 4 to 6 and / or a magnetic field camera with a magnetic field camera head according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 and / or an eddy current camera according to claim 7, - wherein the fluorescence camera in particular comprises a light sensor array (1) with light sensors (89); Providing (160) means (80), in particular the eddy current camera head (21) according to one of claims 4 to 6 and / or the magnetic field camera with a magnetic field camera head according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 and / or the eddy current camera according to claim 7, for generating an alternating magnetic field; Irradiation (110) of the paramagnetic centers with pump radiation (13) from the light source (2); Generation (120) of electric eddy currents and / or one or more magnetic reaction fields in a workpiece (17) by means of the means for generating an alternating magnetic field; Acquisition (130) of the fluorescence image of the fluorescence radiation intensity distribution of the fluorescence radiation intensity (I fl{t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) and / or the paramagnetic centers using the fluorescence camera and Acquisition (130) of a first phase image of the distribution of the first local temporal phase delay (φ1(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) versus a temporal modulation of the magnetic flux density (B(t,x,y)) of an alternating magnetic field and Detecting (130) the effect of the magnetic fields of the generated eddy currents and / or the generated one or more magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers and / or the sensor element layer (5) in the form of the fluorescence image and / or first phase image. [12] Method according to claim 11 comprising the step Acquiring (130) a phase image of the distribution of the local temporal phase delay (φ n(t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution relative to another reference signal and Detecting (130) the effect of the magnetic fields of the generated eddy currents and / or the generated one or more magnetic reaction fields on the paramagnetic centers and / or the sensor element layer (5) in the form of the fluorescence image and / or second phase image and / or other phase image. [13] Method according to claim 11 or 12 comprising the step Acquisition (130) of a second phase image of the distribution of the second local temporal phase delay (φ2{t,x,y)) of the temporal modulation of the local fluorescence intensity (I fl (t,x,y)) of the fluorescence radiation (14) of the sensor element layer (5) in spatial distribution versus the temporal modulation of the pump radiation intensity (I pmp(t,x,y)) of the pump radiation (13) of the light source (2). [14] Eddy current camera, wherein the eddy current camera is configured to perform a method according to one of claims 9 to 13. [15] Computer- and / or machine-implemented method wherein the computer- and / or machine-implemented method is configured to execute or control a method according to any one of claims 9 to 13. [16] Storage medium wherein the program code for a computer- and / or machine-implemented method according to claim 15 is stored in the storage medium. [17] Eddy current camera according to claim 7 and / or claim 14, wherein the eddy current camera comprises a storage medium according to claim 16 as storage.

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