144 results about "Molecular cluster" patented technology

Nanoparticles including a molecular cluster compound incorporating ions from groups 12 and 16 of the periodic table, as well as a core semiconductor material incorporating ions from groups 13 and 15 of the periodic table, are fabricated. The core semiconductor material is provided on the molecular cluster compound.

An ion implantation device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is described, wherein ionized boron hydride molecular clusters are implanted to form P-type transistor structures. For example, in the fabrication of Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) devices, the clusters are implanted to provide P-type doping for Source and Drain structures and for Polygates; these doping steps are critical to the formation of PMOS transistors. The molecular cluster ions have the chemical form BnHx+ and BnHx− where 10

An ion implantation device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is described, wherein ionized boron hydride molecular clusters are implanted to form P-type transistor structures. The molecular cluster ions have the chemical form BnHx+and BnHx−, where 10<n<100 and 0≦x≦n+4. The use of such boron hydride clusters results in a dramatic increase in wafer throughput, as well as improved device yields through the reduction of wafer charging. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is further described, comprising the steps of: providing a supply of molecules containing a plurality of dopant atoms into an ionization chamber, ionizing said molecules into dopant cluster ions, extracting and accelerating the dopant cluster ions with an electric field, selecting the desired cluster ions by mass analysis, modifying the final implant energy of the cluster ion through post-analysis ion optics, and implanting the dopant cluster ions into a semiconductor substrate.

The present invention includes carbon synthesis devices and systems. The invention also includes machines and instruments using those aspects of the invention. The present invention also includes methods of carbon synthesis. The present invention includes an array of carbon nanotubes, each nanotube having a longitudinal axis. The nanotubes are placed into an array such that the longitudinal axes of all nanotubes in the array are substantially parallel. The array may be a two-dimensional array or a three-dimensional array. The present invention also includes methods of preparing such carbon molecular clusters and arrays thereof.

Methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disc reactors require that a first reactant is fed to the reactor surface and forms a thin film on the surface. A second reactant is fed to the surface in the form of a second thin film to interact with the first film so as to overcome the impedance to interaction between the two films imposed by the existence of molecular clusters in the films. Thus, each film is fed into the receiving film at a rate such as to break up the molecular clusters in the film and thereby permit the molecules to aggressively and completely interact with one another. In the spinning disc apparatus the films are fed at respective distances from the spin axis. The interaction takes place in a thin chamber (less than 1 mm) between a retaining surface coextensive with the reactor surface whose distance from one another can be varied continuously, with the components being sheared between the surfaces to break up the molecular clusters to facilitate molecular, forced interdiffusion. Preferably each film is fed into the reaction chamber through a respective annular nozzle producing an improved uniformity of initial and continuous contacting of the reactants followed by an increase in forced interdiffusion of reactant molecules.

A method of semiconductor manufacturing is disclosed in which doping is accomplished by the implantation of ion beams formed from ionized molecules, and more particularly to a method in which molecular and cluster dopant ions are implanted into a substrate with and without a co-implant of non-dopant cluster ion, such as a carbon cluster ion, wherein the dopant ion is implanted into the amorphous layer created by the co-implant in order to reduce defects in the crystalline structure, thus reducing the leakage current and improving performance of the semiconductor junctions. Dopant ion compounds of the form AnHx+ and AnRzHx+ are used in order to minimize crystal defects as a result of ion implantation. These compounds include co-implants of carbon clusters with implants of monomer or cluster dopants or simply implanting cluster dopants. In particular, the invention described herein consists of a method of implanting semiconductor wafers implanting semiconductor wafers with carbon clusters followed by implants of boron, phosphorus, or arsenic, or followed with implants of dopant clusters of boron, phosphorus, or arsenic. The molecular cluster ions have the chemical form AnHx+ or AnRzHx+, where A designates the dopant or the carbon atoms, n and x are integers with n greater than or equal to 4, and x greater than or equal to 0, and R is a molecule which contains atoms which, when implanted, are not injurious to the implantation process (for example, Si, Ge, F, H or C). These ions are produced from chemical compounds of the form AbLzHm, where the chemical formula of Lz contains R, and b may be a different integer from n and m may be an integer different from x and z is an integer greater than or equal to zero.

The invention relates to a multi-scale simulation method for solid oxide fuel cells, and is characterized in that the method conducts multi-scale simulation from the mesoscopic scale to the macro equipment scale for complex physical and chemical phenomenon, such as coupled heat calorie transmission, electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cells, etc. The invention further relates to an integration and co-simulation method of a multi-scale model. Because a modeling method provided by the invention adopts the modeling method by mechanism from the macro-scale based on the phenomenon, the model has the advantages of clear physical meaning, high accuracy and strong adaptability. A simulation method is adopted between the mesoscopic scale and the macro equipment scale based on molecules or molecular clusters, thereby compensating for a deficiency of traditional single scale simulation. Layered method and the method of different scales are combined to study the complex system, so as to be conducive to disclosing the nature of complex systems, such the solid oxide fuel cells and provide a novel means for studying complex the systems.

An ion implantation device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is described, wherein ionized boron hydride molecular clusters are implanted to form P-type transistor structures. The molecular cluster ions have the chemical form BnHx+ and BnHx−, where 10<n<100 and 0≦x≦n+4. The use of such boron hydride clusters results in a dramatic increase in wafer throughput, as well as improved device yields through the reduction of wafer charging. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is further described, comprising the steps of: providing a supply of molecules containing a plurality of dopant atoms into an ionization chamber, ionizing said molecules into dopant cluster ions, extracting and accelerating the dopant cluster ions with an electric field, selecting the desired cluster ions by mass analysis, modifying the final implant energy of the cluster ion through post-analysis ion optics, and implanting the dopant cluster ions into a semiconductor substrate.

A method for fabricating a metal-oxide semiconductor transistor is disclosed. First, a semiconductor substrate having a gate structure thereon is provided, and a spacer is formed around the gate structure. An ion implantation process is performed to implant a molecular cluster containing boron into the semiconductor substrate surrounding the spacer for forming a source / drain region. The weight ratio of each boron atom within the molecular cluster is preferably less than 10%. Thereafter, a millisecond annealing process is performed to activate the molecular cluster within the source / drain region.

The present invention describes a method for producing a large area two-dimensional nanoscale network on the surface of a substrate. The network is formed by depositing a sub-mono-layer of molecule A onto the surface of the substrate followed by a different molecule B. The formation of the network relies on the hetero-molecular hydrogen bonding between molecules A and B to be stronger than the homo-molecular hydrogen bonding. By appropriate choice of molecules A and B, together with the substrate, it is possible to manipulate and control the structure, dimensions and chemical functionality of the network. The pores of the network can act as containment vessels for other molecules and be made sufficiently large to accommodate several large molecules or atomic / molecular clusters or particles.

The invention discloses an endotoxin adsorbent using a molecular cluster as a functional group and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the fields of bioseparation and biomedical engineering. By taking agarose gel as a vector, the endotoxin adsorbent is subjected to epoxy activation to be directly coupled with a molecular sieve frame epsilon-polylysine or polyaspartic acid, then the coupled mixture is ingrafted with micromolecular lysine or lycine by virtue of a condensation reaction to prepare the adsorbent. The adsorbent prepared by the method has higher removal rate to endotoxin inserum of a human, but adsorbs less serum protein. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the adsorbent has the advantages of mild conditions, fewer synthesis steps and relatively low material cost.

Here is disclosed a method for generation of a molecular beam from a sample solution, comprising steps of operating a spray-in device to introduce the sample solution in atomized state into a spray chamber, impinging a suitable gas on the sample solution in atomized state or heating the sample solution in atomized state to generate solute molecules deprived of solvent molecules, and then ejecting these solute molecules through an orifice into a low air pressure chamber. The apparatus as well as the method according to the present invention enable to generate a molecular beam for a variety of molecules, particularly for the neutral molecules which can be decomposed by heating at a high temperature or those which can not be sublimated or vaporized even by heating at a high temperature, as long as the sample solutions are prepared. Due to the method as well as the apparatus according to the invention, it is possible to conduct the mass spectroscopy studies and also other spectroscopic analyses about the molecules and the molecular clusters containing in the molecular beam generated in this manner, for example, by irradiating laser beams. It is possible to also possible to deposit the molecules on a substrate.

The invention discloses a molecular cluster material of supramolecular polymer and a preparation method and application of the molecular cluster material. The preparation method includes the steps of firstly, preparing polystyrene microspheres; secondly, using polystyrene microspheres as the substrates, and grafting active groups containing a large amount of carboxyl or sulfonic group to the surfaces of the polystyrene microspheres so as to synthesize the molecular cluster material. The preparation method has the advantages that the method is simple, low in cost, low in energy consumption, environmentally friendly and free of pollution; the prepared molecular cluster material is efficient, stable, large in descaling amount, high in oxidation resistance, high in mechanical strength, easy in large-scale production and applicable to water scale removing of drinking water. The molecular cluster material has the advantages that crystal chemistry and hydromechanics are powerfully combined, and the molecular cluster material mainly uses physical descaling and is stable in descaling performance and capable of achieving automatic regeneration; the molecular cluster material is large in treatment capacity and wide in application range, and the effect of the molecular cluster material is more than 3 times of that of descaling using softened resin; the molecular cluster material is high in discharge water quality, and raw water hardness after treatment can reach an international standard.

Energy bands of a thin film containing molecular clusters are tuned by controlling the size and the charge of the clusters during thin film deposition. Using atomic layer deposition, an ionic cluster film is formed in the gate region of a nanometer-scale transistor to adjust the threshold voltage, and a neutral cluster film is formed in the source and drain regions to adjust contact resistance. A work function semiconductor material such as a silver bromide or a lanthanum oxide is deposited so as to include clusters of different sizes such as dimers, trimers, and tetramers, formed from isolated monomers. A type of Atomic Layer Deposition system is used to deposit on semiconductor wafers molecular clusters to form thin film junctions having selected energy gaps. A beam of ions contains different ionic clusters which are then selected for deposition by passing the beam through a filter in which different apertures select clusters based on size and orientation.

The invention discloses a cocoon cooking method for preparing high-quality grade-6A raw silk, which comprises the following steps: firstly carrying out vacuum infiltration on a silkworm cocoon by utilizing alkaline ionized water with a pH value of 7.5-8.5, then impregnating the silkworm cocoon subjected to the vacuum infiltration by utilizing acidic ionized water with a pH value of 4.5-6.5, cooking the impregnated silkworm cocoon in a machine and adding a certain amount of acidic ionized water at the low-temperature infiltration part. Compared with the background art, the cocoon cooking method has the advantages that a water molecular cluster of the alkaline ionized water is small, the surface tension is small, the infiltration is strong, the water is easy to enter an adhesive part of silk glue, so that the infiltration on a cocoon shell is uniform to be beneficial to improving the clean index of the raw silk; and as the silkworm cocoon subjected to the vacuum infiltration is impregnated by utilizing the acidic ionized water, the surface of the silkworm cocoon subjected to the vacuum infiltration is converted from alkalescence to neutrality or weak acidity so as to be beneficial to reducing the silk glue melting loss on the outer layer of the silkworm cocoon, thereby the cohesion indicator of the raw silk is improved. The cocoon cooking method has the advantages of simplicity, environment friendliness and no pollution.

The invention discloses a functional ceramic tea set, and relates to the technical field of ceramic manufacturing, in particular to a functional ceramic tea set capable of radiating negative oxygen ions and far infrared rays for a long time, converting water molecular clusters and adsorbing harmful residues in tea. The functional ceramic tea set is characterized by being mainly composed of 28% of tourmaline, 8% to 10% of quartz, 6% to 8% of diopside, 12% to 16% of medical stone, 12% to 14% of albite, 4% to 7% of hsiuyen jade, 8% to 11% of tremolite, 10% to 13% of rectorite, 5% to 7% of kaolin, 8% of bentonite and the like. The appearance of the functional ceramic tea set is brownish red. The functional ceramic tea set has the functions of radiating negative oxygen ions and far infrared rays for a long time, converting water molecular clusters, having antibacterial and antiseptic effects, adsorbing a trace amount of pesticide residues and heavy metal such as lead, chromium and nickel in tea, resisting and killing mould and carcinogenic bacteria dissolved out of old tea due to inappropriate storage, and the like.

The invention discloses helical carbon fiber composite ceramic for water activation. The helical carbon fiber composite ceramic comprises a ceramic phase and helical carbon fibers, wherein the helical carbon fibers are distributed and loaded on the ceramic phase. By using the helical carbon fibers, the harmful substance fluctuation can be changed to be fluctuation matched with human bodies. To be specific, sub-micron helical carbon fibers and the ceramic raw material are compounded and then subjected to oxygen insulation sintering, so as to obtain the composite ceramic. The composite ceramic can change the fluctuation harmful to the human bodies and generated by multiple chemical substances, element chlorine, harmful bacteria and the like into fluctuation beneficial to bodies, and enables water molecules to be subjected to declension vibration activation, so that water molecules are changed into smaller molecular clusters and the blood flow volume of human brains is increased obviously; in addition, through the special fluctuation, the effect of inhibiting bacterium reproduction is realized. On the basis of a fluctuation effect, all needed is to add a small amount of the helical carbon fiber composite ceramic, and thus the water quality can be changed instantly. In a water activation treatment process, pollutants are not adsorbed, and chemical changes do not occur, so that later cleaning and maintenance are not required and the helical carbon fiber composite ceramic disclosed by the invention can be used for a long time.

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is a non-stoichiometry type similarly-icy cage type crystal compound which is formed by hydrocarbon, with low molecular weight, of water and natural gas under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure. With the economic development, the demand for energy sources of people is gradually increased, and the difficulty and the cost of coal exploitation and petroleum exploitation are gradually increased. In addition, the value of the natural gas hydrate which is large in content and serves as an effective alternative energy source stands out gradually. The invention provides a method and device for exploiting the natural gas hydrate in a frozen soil area through injection of high-temperature steam. The principle of the device for exploiting the natural gas hydrate in the frozen soil area through injection of the high-temperature steam is that through injection of the high-temperature steam into a natural gas hydrate layer, the temperature of the natural gas hydrate rises, so that the purpose of decomposition of the natural gas hydrate is achieved. In addition, due to the fact that the steam serves as a gaseous molecular cluster and flows, carrying of hydrocarbon molecules which are produced through decomposition is greatly accelerated, and the balance decomposition is effectively conducted.

A method of preparing metal oxide nanoparticles is described herein. The method involves reacting nanoparticle precursors in the presence of a population of molecular cluster compounds. The molecular cluster compound may or may not contain the same metal as will be present in the metal oxide nanoparticle. Likewise, the molecular cluster compound may or may not contain oxygen. The molecular cluster compounds acts a seeds or templates upon which nanoparticle growth is initiated. As the molecular cluster compounds are all identical, the identical nucleation sites result in highly monodisperse populations of metal oxide nanoparticles.

The invention discloses a spectroscopy-mass spectrometry combined quantitative analysis device for elements in an unknown sample. The device uses a quantitative analysis structure and a method by using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combining with a second level extraction field time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF). The quantitative analysis device with high detection sensitivity, real time, quickness, high accuracy, no contact, capability of simultaneously detecting multiple elements, and no need of pretreating the sample is realized. Due to dual-wavelength laser in the device, photofragments and molecular clusters are re-ionized conveniently, the mass spectrometry signal stability is improved, and a laser plasma emission spectroscopy signal is improved; due to a second level extraction field in the device, the TOF resolution ratio is improved conveniently and the signal is optimized conveniently; due to a spectroscopy collection system in the device, the capability of collecting plasma emission light to couple to optical fiber can be improved, an optical path can be folded, the integration and the miniaturization of an instrument are facilitated, and the commercialization of the instrument is realized conveniently.

Methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disc reactors require that a first reactant is fed to the reactor surface and forms a thin film on the surface. A second reactant is fed to the surface in the form of a second thin film to interact with the first film so as to overcome the impedance to interaction between the two films imposed by the existence of molecular clusters in the films. Thus, each film is fed into the receiving film at a rate such as to break up the molecular clusters in the film and thereby permit the molecules to aggressively and completely interact with one another. In the spinning disc apparatus the films are fed at respective distances from the spin axis. The interaction takes place in a thin chamber (less than 1 mm) between a retaining surface coextensive with the reactor surface whose distance from one another can be varied continuously, with the components being sheared between the surfaces to break up the molecular clusters to facilitate molecular, forced interdiffusion. Preferably each film is fed into the reaction chamber through a respective annular nozzle producing an improved uniformity of initial and continuous contacting of the reactants followed by an increase in forced interdiffusion of reactant molecules.

The invention discloses a novel method for exploiting coal-bed gas. The method comprises the following steps: after breaking the coal bed by the known method using high pressure fluids, injecting high-temperature nitrogen gas (N2) with a temperature not less than 400 to 600 DEG C or high-temperature flue gas into a gas intake well; and standing for 7 to 15 days under sealed conditions to heat the coal bed with the high-temperature gas such that the small molecules of nitrogen gas can react with coal molecules to completely replace the coal-bed gas in the gaps and the molecular clusters of the coal bed. The coal bed is heated by the high-temperature gas to accelerate the penetration of the gas in the gaps of the coal bed and increase the desorption speed of the coal-bed gas, so that the yield of the coal-bed gas is increased.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic and particularly relates to ceramic glaze with a water activating function, a preparation method thereof, ceramic prepared by the ceramic glaze and a preparation method of the ceramic. The ceramic glaze is prepared by, by mass percentage, 60-80% of ceramic glaze base material, 5-20% of ceramic additives with the water activating function, 5-8% of nano-zirconia, 0.5-5% of phosphate, 1-5% of nano cesium oxide, 2-8% of yttrium oxide, 1-5% of nano titanium dioxide and 3-8% of tourmaline. The preparation method of the ceramic glaze includes: ball milling the ceramic glaze base material until all the ceramic glaze base material can pass a 250-mesh sieve, adding the rest of components, adding water and ceramic diluent to prepare slurry, ball milling, and discharging. The ceramic glaze has the advantages that the ceramic glaze can acts on water molecular cluster structures to allow the hydrogen bonds to be destroyed and chemical bonds to break, large molecular clusters become small molecular clusters only containing 5-6 water molecules, toxic gas dissolved in water is released at the same time, the water become slightly alkaline, and the activity of the water is increased.

The present invention discloses a method for quantitative analysis of elements in an unknown sample by spectrum combined with mass spectrometry. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is combined with secondary extraction field time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis for high-detection-sensitivity, real-time, fast, high-precision, non-contact simultaneous detection of multiple elements in one sample can be realized without sample pretreatment. Dual wavelength laser in the method helps to ionize photofragments and molecular clusters again, improves mass signal stability, and enhances laser plasma emission spectroscopy signals; a secondary extraction field in the method helps to improve TOF mass spectrometry resolution and optimize signals. The time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in the method can be used to quickly determine the elements in the unknown sample to save analysis time and realize real-time quantitative analysis, and also can correct influence of matrix effect and surface morphology on quantitative spectrometric analysis, dark state species which cannot be detected by emission spectra can be detected, and the accuracy of the quantitative analysis can be improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing three-dimensional graphene-phosphotungstate, and belongs to the technical field of chemical batteries. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing a rubidium chloride solution and a phosphotungstic acid solution to react so as to obtain rubidium phosphowolframate; mixing the rubidium phosphowolframate and a graphene oxide solution, performing hydrothermal reaction, after the reaction is completed, cooling to the room temperature, taking out solid substances, and performing freeze-drying, thereby obtaining three-dimensional graphene-phosphotungstate. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, the prepared rubidium phosphowolframate is relatively small in size, uniform in morphology and beneficial to solve the problem that lithium ions are hard to embed and desorb from microcrystalline structures, and can be applied to cathode materials of lithium batteries, and conductivity of a heteropolyacid molecular cluster battery can be improved.

The invention discloses a method and a system for fluid simulation by using Boltzmann equation. The method for fluid simulation by using Boltzmann equation comprises the following steps: surface meshenvelope treatment; generating spatial Cartesian grids; full transient flow field calculation. This method calculates the molecular cluster density function of each point in the flow field at different time. The particle distribution function satisfies the lattice Boltzmann equation. The method for simulating a fluid by using the Boltzmann equation adopts a full-detail geometric model, does not need to be simplified, and ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the simulation result; full transient algorithm, accurate calculation of the real transient aerodynamic force; accurate solution of separated flow at hgh angle of attack (or stall state); time-marching explicit algorithm, so that there is no divergence problem in the solution process; high-precision automatic solution, so that no manual intervention is needed and high stability is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing water with structure and function of small molecular cluster characteristics. The preparation method is based on the correlation between the structure of ice and water molecular clusters and the structural memory characteristics of water. It consists of the following steps: Put the water in the freezer at -20~-30℃ for slow thawing, and the cooling rate is controlled at 2~5℃·h-1; during the slow freezing process, ultrasonic resonance is carried out at the same time, and the resonance frequency is controlled at 2000~2200MHz; After fully freezing, thawing is carried out at a temperature of 4-10°C, and the heating rate is controlled at 2-3°C·h-1. The functional water molecule clusters prepared by the invention have a small structure, are easier to absorb, and have good physiological and health effects on the human body; the preparation method is relatively simple, the operation is convenient, easy to realize, and is suitable for popularization and use.

The invention discloses a preparation method of stable magnetized small molecular group water. The preparation method of the stable small molecular group water comprises the following steps: introducing raw water into a deionization device for purification treatment to obtain deionized water with electric conductivity of less than 10 us / cm, then performing ultrasound and magnetization treatment under the conditions that the ultrasound frequency is 20-20000KHz and the ultrasound time length is 5-100min / L, and adding the effect of a magnetic field with the magnetic induction strength of 0.01-20T during ultrasound treatment, thereby obtaining the stable small molecular group water with small molecular cluster property. The water prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of few cluster molecules, high penetration rate, easiness in absorption and good stability, and can simultaneously keep the property of the small molecular group water for a long time; and furthermore, the preparation method is simple, convenient to realize continuous operation, large in circulation amount and good in economy.

The invention provides a preparation method for a soil improver. According to the preparation method, an algae plant is used as a raw material; extraction efficiency of the algae active substances is obviously increased through acid-base extraction, enzymolysis and microwave treatment; and microflora fermentation and gold probiotic fermentation are used to modify the active ingredients, so that the soil improver has the functions of decomposing large molecular clusters and removing harmful substances. The soil improver can be applied in improving health of organisms and improving water, air and soil environment.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a lead-acid storage battery which is exempt from vulcanization and magnetization, which relates to the field of storage batteries, and comprises various existing lead-acid storage batteries. The preparation method of the invention is characterized in that: at least one magnetic source is arranged on a newly designed and produced storage battery according to requirement, or at least one magnetic source is added on a produced storage battery, the outside of the magnetic source is provided with a magnetic shielding layer, the magnetic source is optimally arranged at the bottom of the storage battery, and the direction of a magnetic line is ensured to be parallel to the current direction on a polar plate. When in use, as the migration trace of the vector water molecular cluster of a charged ion and an electrolyte migrating between the polar plates is perpendicular to a magnetic field, the motion direction of the vector water molecular cluster can be changed under the action of the magnetic field, and the vector water molecular cluster can be cut into small micelle, thus increasing the activity of ions, improving the diffusion, the permeability and the lead sulfate crystal solubility of the electrolyte, avoiding the occurrence of a heavy vulcanization phenomenon, increasing battery capacity and the rate of electrochemical reaction, prolonging the service life, reducing using cost, decreasing repeated production, and playing a vital role on energy conservation and environmental protection.