Conveyor screw for mixing a mixture with a fluid, as well as mixing device

Abstract

Shown and described is a conveyor screw for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, and for rotatable mounting in a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln, wherein the conveyor screw comprises: a shaft body for rotatable mounting about an axis of rotation, wherein the shaft body has an internal cavity; a plurality of fluid outlet openings which are fluidically connected to the cavity, wherein the plurality of fluid outlet openings are distributed in the direction of the axis of rotation and in the circumferential direction of the shaft body; and one or more blocking elements which block or release a fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings depending on a rotation of the shaft body about the axis of rotation.

Description

[0001] The present application relates to a conveyor screw for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, and for rotatable mounting in a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln. Furthermore, the application relates to a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln, for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid.

[0002] The application describes a screw conveyor that can be used, for example, in heated rotary kilns. Furthermore, it can be used anywhere where a mixed material, such as granulated solids, needs to be heated, mixed with a fluid, such as a reaction gas, such as steam, and / or conveyed. Typical areas of application are screw-driven tube kilns or rotary kilns, such as those used in pyrolysis, activated carbon production, cement production, and solid waste combustion. Operating temperatures can reach approximately 1000 °C.

[0003] When treating solids in reaction tubes or rotary kilns, the fluid or reaction gas is introduced radially or axially into the reaction tube, for example, via outlet nozzles arranged radially or axially in the reaction tube. This distributes the reaction gas throughout the reaction chamber. In horizontally mounted reaction tubes, the solid bed is located in the lower half of the tube. Despite the rotation of the tube, the solid and reaction gas are not mixed well because the reaction gas flows over the solid bed. This means that parts of the solid material do not come into sufficient contact with the reaction gas and therefore cannot react with the gas. The conversion yield is thus reduced.

[0004] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a conveyor screw and a mixing device which enable improved mixing of a mixture with a fluid.

[0005] According to the invention, this object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent patent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the invention, a screw conveyor is provided for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, and for rotatable mounting in a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln. The screw conveyor comprises a shaft body for rotatable mounting about a rotational axis, wherein the shaft body has an internal cavity, a plurality of fluid outlet openings that are fluidically connected to the cavity, wherein the plurality of fluid outlet openings are distributed in the direction of the rotational axis or along the rotational axis and in the circumferential direction or along the circumferential direction of the shaft body, and one or more blocking elements that block or release fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings depending on a rotation of the shaft body about the rotational axis.

[0007] The shaft body can be designed as a shaft housing. The shaft body extends along an axis of rotation or a shaft body longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end opposite in the axial direction. The shaft body can be designed as a hollow body, for example as a hollow screw or hollow shaft, so that an internal cavity is formed inside the shaft body. In particular, a fluid, for example a reaction gas, can be guided in the cavity. The shaft body can preferably be designed as a tube, for example as a central tube. The shaft body can be rotatably mounted, for example in a mixing device. Therefore, the shaft body longitudinal axis can form an axis of rotation.

[0008] The screw conveyor can have one or more conveying elements designed to mix the mixture and convey it along the axial direction of the rotational axis. The conveying elements can be designed, in particular, as screw blades. The screw blades can be coiled as one or more helically wound flights in the form of flat sheets and / or lobes, which extend radially or transversely away from the shaft body essentially in the form of a worm thread. The screw blades can thus be arranged on the shaft body in the direction of the rotational axis or the longitudinal axis of the shaft and extend essentially radially away from the shaft body.

[0009] The plurality of fluid outlet openings can be formed as bores or radial bores in the shaft body. This enables a fluid, for example a reaction gas, which is guided in the internal cavity to escape from the cavity. The fluid outlet openings are thus fluidically connected to the cavity. In other words, the fluid outlet openings enable fluid to escape from the internal cavity. The fluid outlet openings are arranged in the direction of the axis of rotation, in particular between the first and second ends of the axis of rotation, and in the circumferential direction of the shaft body around the axis of rotation. This enables particularly uniform escape of the fluid from the internal cavity across the entire shaft body. In particular, the fluid outlet openings can be arranged uniformly across the entire shaft body.

[0010] In a particular embodiment, at least one fluid outlet opening is arranged between each two adjacent screw flights on the shaft body. Preferably, at least two, more preferably four, more preferably six fluid outlet openings are arranged between two adjacent screw flights. The fluid outlet openings between two adjacent screw flights can extend in a plane that is arranged substantially parallel to the two planes in which the two adjacent screw flights extend and is oriented substantially transversely to the axis of rotation. Such an arrangement of the fluid outlet openings enables the fluid to exit between the screw flights and also enables the fluid to exit evenly from the internal cavity across the entire shaft body. In this way, the fluid is mixed particularly evenly with the material to be mixed.

[0011] The conveyor screw further comprises one or more blocking elements which can block or release the fluid from the plurality of fluid outlet openings. The blocking elements can be arranged so as to be movable. The blocking elements can preferably be moved towards the shaft body and away from the shaft body. This movement can be initiated by rotating the conveyor screw or the shaft body about the axis of rotation. Preferably, one blocking element can be moved towards and away from a respective fluid outlet opening so that the fluid outlet openings can be blocked or released or closed or opened. In a first state, the fluid outlet openings can each be blocked or closed in a fluid-tight or almost fluid-tight manner so that no fluid or almost no fluid can escape from the internal cavity. In a second state, in which the fluid outlet openings are opened or closed.are released, the fluid can escape unhindered from the internal cavity via the fluid outlet opening.

[0012] The fluid outlet openings are opened and closed depending on the rotation of the shaft body around the axis of rotation. If the conveyor screw is rotated around the axis of rotation of the shaft body, for example in a full 360° rotation, the individual blocking elements open or close the fluid outlet openings and allow or block the fluid outlet from the internal cavity, depending on the position or angular position of the individual fluid outlet openings and / or the individual blocking elements relative to the axis of rotation. In other words, depending on the position of the fluid outlet openings and / or the blocking elements relative to the axis of rotation during rotation, the fluid outlet from the multitude of fluid outlet openings is blocked or opened. In this case, all fluid outlet openings are never closed and all fluid outlet openings are never open.Rather, only a portion of the fluid outlet openings are closed and only a portion of the fluid outlet openings are open, depending on the position or angular orientation of the fluid outlet openings and / or the blocking elements relative to the axis of rotation during rotation. Even in the idle state, in which the conveyor screw or the shaft body is not rotated about the axis of rotation, only a portion of the fluid outlet openings are closed and only a portion of the fluid outlet openings are open, depending on the position or angular orientation of the fluid outlet openings and / or the blocking elements relative to the axis of rotation or the longitudinal axis of the shaft body. The angular position can be understood as the position of the fluid outlet openings and / or the blocking elements with respect to the axis of rotation, particularly when viewed in the axial direction of the axis of rotation.For example, in the operating position of the screw conveyor, the rotational axis can be essentially horizontal. An angular position of 0° can then correspond to a 12 o'clock position of a fluid outlet opening and / or a blocking element with respect to the rotational axis. An angular position of 180° can then correspond to a 6 o'clock position of a fluid outlet opening and / or a blocking element with respect to the rotational axis.

[0013] Because the blocking elements release the fluid from the fluid outlet openings depending on the rotation of the shaft body around the rotation axis, this allows the fluid to escape from the fluid outlet openings, particularly when the screw conveyor is used in a mixing device and the fluid outlet openings are immersed in the mix or point downwards. This allows the fluid or reaction gas to be introduced or injected directly into the mix bed, preventing overflow of the mix above the mix bed. The conversion rate of the mix or solid is increased, and the discharge of unreacted mix particles or solid particles is reduced. This increases the overall conversion yield.

[0014] Because the blocking elements block the fluid outlet from the fluid outlet openings depending on the rotation of the shaft body around the rotation axis, this prevents the fluid from escaping from the fluid outlet openings, especially when the screw conveyor is used in a mixing device, where the fluid outlet openings are located outside the mix or above the mix bed. This prevents the fluid from unnecessarily escaping outside the mix, where it can hardly react with the mix and would simply overflow. Overflow of the mix is ​​also prevented, and the conversion yield is increased.

[0015] The present invention thus prevents overflow of the mixture or solid by introducing the fluid or reaction gas directly into the mixture or solid bed. This increases the conversion rate of the mixture or solid and reduces the discharge of unreacted mixture or solid particles.

[0016] Preferably, the conveyor screw further comprises a plurality of fluid outlet units, wherein the fluid outlet units are arranged on the shaft body in the direction of the axis of rotation and extend away from the shaft body, wherein the fluid outlet units are fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings.

[0017] Each of the fluid outlet openings can be fluidically connected to one of the plurality of fluid outlet units. In other words, the fluid from the interior of the internal cavity can enter the fluid outlet unit through the fluid outlet opening. When the conveyor screw is inserted into a mixing device, the fluid can then exit the fluid outlet unit and be introduced directly into the bed of mixed material. The fluid outlet units are preferably hollow to allow fluid to pass through. The fluid outlet units can extend from the fluid outlet opening substantially transversely, preferably at an angle of approximately 90°, and have a length that corresponds to at least 25% of the length of the screw blades, preferably at least 50% of the length of the screw blades, with which the screw blades extend away from the shaft body.Particularly preferably, the length of the fluid outlet units corresponds approximately to the length of the screw blades in the radial direction to the axis of rotation of the shaft body.

[0018] The fluid outlet units are advantageous because the fluid can be introduced directly into the mix bed at a particularly suitable location, allowing the mix to react particularly well with the fluid. The conversion rate of the mix is ​​increased, and the discharge of unreacted mix particles is reduced. A further advantage of the fluid outlet units is that they can be used as mixing units. They are long enough to penetrate the mix bed and thus contribute to mixing the mix with the fluid and to circulating the mix. It is therefore conceivable that the screw flights can be dispensed with, since the fluid outlet units or

[0019] Mixing units not only contribute to the fluid input but also to the mixing and circulation of the mixture.

[0020] Preferably, the fluid outlet units each have at least one blocking element, wherein the blocking element is movably mounted in the fluid outlet unit, wherein the fluid outlet units are preferably designed to guide the blocking element towards the fluid outlet openings and away from the fluid outlet openings, so that the blocking element blocks or releases the fluid outlet openings depending on the rotation of the shaft body about the axis of rotation.

[0021] The fluid outlet units are preferably hollow. This allows fluid to pass through the fluid outlet units. Furthermore, the hollow design allows at least one of the blocking elements, preferably a blocking element, to be movably mounted and guided inside each fluid outlet unit. As a result, each of the fluid outlet units can also be designed as a blocking element guide unit, with which the blocking element can be guided towards the fluid outlet opening and away from the fluid outlet opening. The fluid outlet can thus be blocked and released in a simple manner. In particular, the fluid outlet units orthe blocking element guide units, the blocking elements are moved back and forth in the direction of the fluid outlet openings in the shaft body in a simple manner, for example due to gravity, depending on the rotation of the shaft body about the axis of rotation and thus block or release the fluid outlet through the fluid outlet openings.

[0022] For example, in a state of the conveyor screw at rest and not rotating or in a state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be blocked by the blocking element being moved solely by gravity through the fluid outlet unit or the blocking element guide unit towards the fluid outlet opening and thus blocking the fluid outlet.

[0023] On the other hand, in a state of the conveyor screw at rest and not rotating or in a state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be opened by moving the blocking element away from the fluid outlet opening solely by gravity caused by the fluid outlet unit or the blocking element guide unit, thus releasing the fluid outlet.

[0024] The fluid or reaction gas itself exits the fluid outlet openings and flows through the hollow fluid outlet units, which are immersed in the mixed material bed and thereby mix it with the fluid or reaction gas. The problem is that the fluid can also exit the fluid outlet openings above the shaft body or at the top of the screw conveyor, so that less fluid is available to the mixed material due to the flow resistance in the mixed material bed. This can be avoided with the previously described configuration, in which the blocking elements move towards the shaft body as soon as the fluid outlet units are located in the upper half of the shaft body or above the axis of rotation, assuming the screw conveyor is in its operating position.This closes the fluid outlet openings in the shaft body through which the fluid flows, and only the fluid outlet units located in the mix bed or below the rotation axis allow the fluid to pass through. This prevents the fluid from "rushing through" above the shaft body without contact with the mix.

[0025] This enables the automatic blocking and release of fluid outlet from the fluid outlet openings in a simple manner, without additional technical aids, such as valves for shutting off or controlling the flow of fluids, depending on whether the fluid outlet openings and / or the fluid outlet units are located below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity and thus fluid outlet into the mix bed is desired, or are located above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity and thus fluid outlet and the subsequent overflow of the mix bed is undesirable.

[0026] Preferably, the fluid outlet units each have a first fluid outlet element, wherein the first fluid outlet element has a first inner cavity and extends away from the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body substantially in the radial direction, wherein the first fluid outlet element has a fluid passage opening which is arranged between a first end connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body and a second, closed end.

[0027] The first fluid outlet element extends substantially along a first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, open end and an opposite second, closed end. The first, open end is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body, allowing fluid to exit the internal cavity of the shaft body and enter the first internal cavity of the first fluid outlet element. At the same time, at least one blocking element, preferably a blocking element that can be moved back and forth between the second closed end and the first open end, is located inside the first fluid outlet element. Therefore, the first fluid outlet element also serves as a blocking element guide element.

[0028] For example, in the state of the stationary and non-rotating conveyor screw or in the state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be blocked by the blocking element being moved solely by gravity caused by the first fluid outlet element or the blocking element guide element away from the second, closed end and towards the first, open end and the fluid outlet opening, thus blocking the fluid outlet.

[0029] On the other hand, in the state of the stationary and non-rotating conveyor screw or in the state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be opened by the blocking element being moved away from the first, open end and the fluid outlet opening solely by the force of gravity caused by the first fluid outlet element or the blocking element guide element, thus releasing the fluid outlet.

[0030] Preferably, the second, closed end is configured to receive and / or retain the blocking element. In particular, when the conveyor screw is at rest and not rotating, or when the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, and the fluid outlet openings are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, the blocking element is retained at the second, closed end. If the fluid outlet openings are located substantially above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, the blocking element is moved away from the second, closed end. The blocking element then preferably abuts the first, open end and closes the fluid outlet opening.

[0031] In particular, the first fluid outlet element can be configured such that, while the conveyor screw rotates about the rotational axis and one of the fluid outlet openings is moved from below the rotational axis to above the rotational axis, the associated blocking element moves away from the second, closed end and toward the first, open end. Likewise, while the conveyor screw rotates about the rotational axis and one of the fluid outlet openings is moved from above the rotational axis to below the rotational axis, the associated blocking element can move away from the first, open end and toward the second, closed end, where it is held.

[0032] The first fluid outlet element is associated with the technical effect that the fluid can exit from the fluid outlet opening at a particularly suitable location and be introduced directly into the mix bed, so that the mix can react particularly well with the fluid. The conversion rate of the mix is ​​increased and the discharge of unreacted mix particles is reduced. A further technical effect of the first fluid outlet element is that it can serve as a mixing element. The first fluid outlet element has a length between the first, open end and the second, closed end that is deep enough to penetrate into the mix bed and contribute to mixing the mix with the fluid and to circulating the mix. It is therefore conceivable that the screw blades can be dispensed with, since the first fluid outlet element orthe mixing element can contribute not only to the fluid input but also to the mixing and circulation of the mixture.

[0033] Preferably, the fluid outlet units each have a second fluid outlet element, wherein the second fluid outlet element has a second inner cavity which is fluidically connected to the first inner cavity, and wherein the second fluid outlet element extends away from the fluid passage opening in the first fluid outlet element substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation.

[0034] The second fluid outlet element extends substantially along a second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, open end and an opposite second, open end. The first, open end is fluidically connected to the fluid passage opening in the first fluid outlet element, allowing fluid to exit the first inner cavity of the first fluid outlet element and enter the second inner cavity of the second fluid outlet element. The fluid can exit the second inner cavity and through the second, open end.

[0035] The second fluid outlet element can extend away from the fluid passage opening in the first fluid outlet element essentially in the direction of the rotation axis. In a particular embodiment, the two fluid outlet elements are arranged essentially at right angles to one another and can form an L-shape. Such a configuration contributes to the fluid exiting the fluid outlet unit at a particularly suitable location and being introduced directly into the mixed material bed, so that the mixed material can react particularly well with the fluid. The conversion rate of the mixed material is increased, and the discharge of unreacted mixed material particles is reduced. A further technical effect of the second fluid outlet element, and in particular of the L-shape formed with the first fluid outlet element, is that the second fluid outlet element can also serve as a mixing element.The second fluid outlet element can penetrate the mix bed in addition to the first fluid outlet element and contribute to even better mixing of the mix with the fluid and to the circulation of the mix. It is therefore conceivable that the screw blades can be dispensed with, since the first fluid outlet element and the second fluid outlet element can contribute to the mixing and circulation of the mix in addition to the fluid input.

[0036] Preferably, the first fluid outlet element and the second fluid outlet element are tubular. Preferably, the blocking element is a movable element, preferably a ball.

[0037] The first fluid outlet element can have a diameter in a plane transverse to the first fluid outlet element's longitudinal axis that essentially corresponds to a diameter of the second fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the second fluid outlet element's longitudinal axis. However, it is also conceivable for the two fluid outlet elements to have a different shape; for example, they could each have a square or polygonal cross-sectional area in a plane transverse to the respective fluid outlet element's longitudinal axes.

[0038] The blocking element can be designed as a sphere that is movably mounted, in particular, in the first fluid outlet element. However, it is also conceivable for the blocking element to have a different shape. For example, the blocking element could be tubular or cylindrical. A cube or cuboid shape would also be conceivable. Furthermore, the blocking element could have a polygonal three-dimensional shape. Such shapes can be useful in the case of a fluid outlet element that has a square or polygonal cross-sectional area.

[0039] Particularly in the case of a tubular first fluid outlet element, the blocking element or the ball can slide or be guided between the first, open end and the second, closed end in a particularly simple manner and solely by gravity. It is advantageous if the inner diameter of the first fluid outlet element and the outer diameter of the ball are coordinated with one another in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the first fluid outlet element; for example, the inner diameter of the first fluid outlet element can be larger than the outer diameter of the ball. The blocking element can therefore be moved back and forth between the first, open end and the second, closed end particularly easily and safely. The difference between the inner diameter of the first fluid outlet element and the outer diameter of the ball is preferably smaller than the diameter of the fluid passage opening.This prevents the ball from getting caught in the fluid passage opening or from entering the second fluid outlet element and thus disrupting or preventing the fluid outlet.

[0040] Preferably, the fluid passage opening in the first fluid outlet element is arranged at a distance from the first end connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body, and / or the fluid passage opening in the first fluid outlet element is arranged at a distance from the second, closed end of the first fluid outlet element.

[0041] To ensure that the fluid can exit from the first fluid outlet element when the associated blocking element is received and / or held by the second, closed end, the fluid passage opening is preferably arranged between the first, open end and the second, closed end. This allows the blocking element to be held in an area adjacent to the second, closed end, and the fluid can pass through or exit unhindered through the fluid passage opening. When the conveyor screw is inserted into a mixing device, the fluid can then be introduced directly into the mixing material bed and react there with the mixing material.

[0042] Preferably, the distance between the passage opening and the second, closed end is greater than the diameter of the blocking element. This allows the blocking element to be held in the area adjacent to the second, closed end without blocking the fluid passage opening and thus disrupting the fluid passage.

[0043] Preferably, the fluid outlet units each have a first fluid outlet element, a second fluid outlet element and a third fluid outlet element, wherein the first fluid outlet element has a first inner cavity and extends away from the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body substantially in the radial direction, wherein the first fluid outlet element extends along a first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first end connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body and a second, open end, wherein the second fluid outlet element has a second inner cavity and the third fluid outlet element has a third inner cavity, wherein the second inner cavity and the third inner cavity are fluidically connectable or connected to the first inner cavity, wherein the second fluid outlet element extends along a second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first,connectable or connected to the third fluid outlet element and a second, open end.

[0044] The first fluid outlet element can extend substantially along the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first open end and an opposite second open end. The first open end can be fluidly connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body, allowing fluid to exit the interior cavity of the shaft body and enter the first interior cavity of the first fluid outlet element.

[0045] The second fluid outlet element may extend substantially along a second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, open end and an opposite second, open end. The third fluid outlet element may extend substantially along a third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, closed end and an opposite second, open end.

[0046] Preferably, the first fluid outlet element, the second fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element are tubular or cylindrical.

[0047] The first fluid outlet element can have a diameter in a plane transverse to the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis that substantially corresponds to a diameter of the second fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis. The third fluid outlet element can have a diameter in a plane transverse to the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis that differs from the diameter of the second fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis and / or from the diameter of the first fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis. In a particular embodiment, the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be larger than the outer diameter of the first fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis.Alternatively, the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the third fluid outlet element's longitudinal axis can be smaller than the outer diameter of the first fluid outlet element in a plane transverse to the first fluid outlet element's longitudinal axis. This enables a simple, preferably detachable, connection of the first fluid outlet element, in particular the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element, to the third fluid outlet element, in particular to the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element, for example by means of a screw connection or a plug connection. However, it is also conceivable for the three fluid outlet elements to have a different shape; for example, they could each have a square or polygonal cross-sectional area in a plane transverse to the respective fluid outlet element's longitudinal axes.

[0048] Preferably, the inner diameter of the first fluid outlet element transverse to the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 8 cm and greater than about 2 cm, more preferably less than about 6 cm and greater than about 2 cm. The inner diameter of the first fluid outlet element is particularly preferably about 4 cm. Preferably, the outer diameter of the first fluid outlet element transverse to the first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 16 cm and greater than about 4 cm, more preferably less than about 12 cm and greater than about 4 cm. The outer diameter of the first fluid outlet element is particularly preferably about 8 cm. The length of the first fluid outlet element between the first, open portion and the portion connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body orThe distance between the connectable end and the second, open end is preferably selected such that the fluid outlet unit is approximately 1 cm from the inner diameter of the rotary tube and / or is slightly shorter than the screw blades. Thus, the distance of the fluid outlet units from the rotation axis can be less than the distance of the screw blades from the rotation axis.

[0049] Preferably, the inner diameter of the second fluid outlet element transverse to the second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 8 cm and greater than about 2 cm, more preferably less than about 6 cm and greater than about 2 cm. Particularly preferably, the inner diameter of the second fluid outlet element is about 4 cm. Preferably, the outer diameter of the second fluid outlet element transverse to the second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 12 cm and greater than about 3 cm, more preferably less than about 8 cm and greater than about 3 cm. Particularly preferably, the outer diameter of the second fluid outlet element is about 6 cm. The length of the second fluid outlet element between the first and second open ends can be less than about 100 cm and greater than about 25 cm, preferably less than about 75 cm and greater than about 25 cm.Particularly preferably, the length of the second fluid outlet element between the first and second open ends may be approximately 50 cm.

[0050] Preferably, the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element transverse to the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 16 cm and greater than about 4 cm, more preferably less than about 12 cm and greater than about 4 cm. Particularly preferably, the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element is about 8 cm. Preferably, the outer diameter of the third fluid outlet element transverse to the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can be less than about 24 cm and greater than about 6 cm, more preferably less than about 18 cm and greater than about 6 cm. Particularly preferably, the outer diameter of the third fluid outlet element is about 12 cm. The length of the third fluid outlet element between the first, closed end and the second, open end can be less than about 40 cm and greater than about 10 cm, preferably less than about 30 cm and greater than about 10 cm.Particularly preferably, the length of the third fluid outlet element between the first, closed end and the second, open end may be approximately 20 cm.

[0051] The fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element can be located between approximately 4 cm and approximately 6 cm, particularly preferably approximately 5 cm, from the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element and / or between approximately 8 cm and approximately 10 cm, particularly preferably approximately 9 cm, from the second, open end. The diameter of the fluid passage opening can be between approximately 3 cm and 5 cm, particularly preferably approximately 4 cm.

[0052] Likewise, the distance between the outer diameter of the second fluid outlet element and the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element can be between approximately 4 cm and 6 cm, particularly preferably approximately 5 cm. The distance between the outer diameter of the second fluid outlet element and the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element can be between approximately 8 cm and 10 cm, particularly preferably approximately 9 cm.

[0053] The locking element can have a length between the first locking element end and the second locking element end that is longer than about 3 cm and shorter than about 18 cm, preferably longer than about 6 cm and shorter than about 12 cm. The length of the locking element can particularly preferably be about 10 cm. The locking element can have a diameter transverse to the locking element's longitudinal axis of between about 3.5 cm and about 12 cm, preferably between about 5 cm and about 10 cm, particularly preferably about 7.6 cm.

[0054] The inner diameter and / or the outer diameter of the second fluid outlet element may be larger than the previously specified values. Likewise, the length of the third fluid outlet element may be longer than the previously specified values, and / or the length of the blocking element may be longer than the previously specified values.

[0055] Preferably, the third fluid outlet element has a fluid passage opening arranged between the first, closed end and the second, open end, and is configured to be fluidly connected to the second fluid outlet element. Thus, the second fluid outlet element can extend away from the fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element substantially in the direction of the rotation axis.

[0056] The first, open end of the second fluid outlet element can be fluidically connected to the fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element. For example, the second fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element can be firmly connected to one another, for example by gluing or welding, or both fluid outlet elements can be connected to one another by integral manufacturing. This configuration allows the fluid to exit the third inner cavity of the third fluid outlet element and enter the second inner cavity of the second fluid outlet element. The fluid can then exit the second inner cavity and through the second, open end.It would also be conceivable for the second fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element to be detachably connected to one another, for example, by a plug-in connection or a screw connection, wherein the passage opening has an internal thread and the second fluid outlet element has an external thread in a region adjacent to its first end. The internal thread and the external thread can then be designed to detachably connect the second fluid outlet element to the third fluid outlet element.

[0057] The second fluid outlet element can extend away from the fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation. The second fluid outlet element can be aligned essentially parallel to the axis of rotation. Thus, the second fluid outlet element and the axis of rotation can each run in planes that are aligned parallel to one another. However, it is also conceivable for the second fluid outlet element not to be aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, but to deviate from a parallel alignment. Thus, the second fluid outlet element can extend in a plane that does not run parallel to a plane in which the axis of rotation extends, but intersects it at an angle. This angle can preferably be less than 45°, more preferably less than 20°, particularly preferably less than 10°.

[0058] In a particular embodiment, the three fluid outlet elements are arranged substantially at right angles to one another. In other words, the three fluid outlet elements can be arranged such that together they form an L-shape. The first and third fluid outlet elements can extend along a common longitudinal axis, with the second fluid outlet element extending along the second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis substantially perpendicularly or at a right angle to the common longitudinal axis of the first and third fluid outlet elements. The third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis can then run through the passage opening.

[0059] Such a design contributes to the fluid exiting the fluid outlet unit at a particularly suitable location and being introduced directly into the mix bed, allowing the mix to react particularly well with the fluid. The conversion rate of the mix is ​​increased, and the discharge of unreacted mix particles is reduced. A further technical effect of the L-shape formed by the three fluid outlet elements is that the second fluid outlet element can also serve as a mixing element. The second fluid outlet element can penetrate into the mix bed in addition to the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element, contributing to even better mixing of the mix with the fluid and to the circulation of the mix.It is therefore conceivable that the screw blades can be dispensed with, since the first fluid outlet element, the second fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element can contribute not only to the fluid input but also to the mixing and circulation of the mixture.

[0060] Preferably, the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element is fluidically connectable to the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element, wherein, preferably, the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element has an external thread and the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element has an internal thread. Preferably, the blocking element is a movable element and is mounted for axial movement within the third fluid outlet element.

[0061] The first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element can thus be connected to and detached from one another via a screw connection. The first fluid outlet element can thus have an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element. The first fluid outlet element can thus be connected to the inner thread of the third fluid outlet element via the outer thread. The outer thread of the first fluid outlet element can extend over an outer end region adjacent to the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element. Accordingly, the inner thread of the third fluid outlet element can extend over an inner end region adjacent to the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element. Preferably, the inner thread orThe inner end region of the third fluid outlet element extends at least partially between the fluid outlet opening and the second, open end, in particular over the entire area between the fluid outlet opening and the second, open end. Such a design of the end regions enables a particularly simple and robust connection of both fluid outlet elements.

[0062] The first fluid outlet element can be connected to the third fluid outlet element by means of the screw connection, so that both fluid outlet elements extend around a common longitudinal axis when connected or combined with one another. The first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis and the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis thus extend along the common longitudinal axis.

[0063] Furthermore, the design of the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element, which can be connected and separated from each other via the screw connection, has the advantage that by unscrewing the third fluid outlet element or the first fluid outlet element, the fluid path can be cleaned and the third fluid outlet element and / or the second fluid outlet element can be cleaned or replaced.

[0064] Because the at least one blocking element can be movably mounted in the third fluid outlet element, the blocking element can also be easily cleaned or replaced. In particular, with a tubular third fluid outlet element, the blocking element can slide or be guided between the first, closed end and the second, open end in a particularly simple manner and solely by gravity. It is advantageous if the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element and the outer diameter of the blocking element are coordinated with one another in the plane transverse to the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis; for example, the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element can be larger than the outer diameter of the blocking element. The blocking element can thus be moved back and forth between the first, closed end and the second, open end particularly easily and safely.Preferably, the difference between the inner diameter of the third fluid outlet element and the outer diameter of the blocking element is smaller than the diameter of the fluid passage opening. This prevents the blocking element from becoming caught in the fluid passage opening or from entering the second fluid outlet element, thereby disrupting or preventing fluid discharge.

[0065] Because at least one blocking element, preferably a blocking element, is located inside the third fluid outlet element and can be moved back and forth between the first, closed end and the second, open end, the third fluid outlet element also serves as a blocking element guide element.

[0066] For example, in the state of the stationary and non-rotating conveyor screw or in the state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be blocked by the blocking element being moved solely by gravity caused by the third fluid outlet element or the blocking element guide element away from the first, closed end and towards the second, open end and the fluid outlet opening, thus blocking the fluid outlet.

[0067] On the other hand, in the state of the stationary and non-rotating conveyor screw or in the state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, can be opened by the blocking element being moved away from the second, open end and the fluid outlet opening solely by gravity caused by the third fluid outlet element or the blocking element guide element, thus releasing the fluid outlet.

[0068] Preferably, the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element is configured to receive and / or retain the blocking element. Particularly when the conveyor screw is at rest and not rotating, or when the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, and the fluid outlet openings are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, the blocking element is retained at the first, closed end. If the fluid outlet openings are located substantially above the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity, the blocking element is moved away from the first, closed end. The blocking element then preferably abuts the second, open end and closes the fluid outlet opening.

[0069] In particular, the third fluid outlet element can be configured such that, while the conveyor screw rotates about the rotational axis and one of the fluid outlet openings is moved from below the rotational axis to above the rotational axis, the associated blocking element moves away from the first, closed end and toward the second, open end. Likewise, while the conveyor screw rotates about the rotational axis and one of the fluid outlet openings is moved from above the rotational axis to below the rotational axis, the associated blocking element can move away from the second, open end and toward the first, closed end, where it is held.

[0070] The combination of the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element, for example, when assembled together, has the technical effect that the fluid can exit the fluid outlet opening at a particularly suitable location and be introduced directly into the mix bed, allowing the mix to react particularly well with the fluid. The conversion rate of the mix is ​​increased, and the discharge of unreacted mix particles is reduced. A further technical effect of the combination of the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element is that the two fluid outlet elements can serve as mixing elements.When assembled, the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element have a length between the first, open end of the first fluid outlet element and the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element that is deep enough to penetrate the mixed material bed and contribute to the mixing of the mixed material with the fluid and to the circulation of the mixed material. It is therefore conceivable that the screw blades can be dispensed with, since the first fluid outlet element and the third fluid outlet element, or the mixing element, can contribute to the mixing and circulation of the mixed material in addition to the fluid input.

[0071] Preferably, the fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element is arranged at a distance from the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element and / or the fluid passage opening in the third fluid outlet element is arranged at a distance from the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element.

[0072] In order to allow the fluid to exit from the first and / or third fluid outlet element when the associated blocking element is received and / or held by the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element, the fluid passage opening is preferably arranged between the first, closed end and the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element. This allows the blocking element to be held in an area adjacent to the first, closed end, and the fluid to pass through or exit unhindered through the fluid passage opening. When the conveyor screw is inserted into a mixing device, the fluid can then be introduced directly into the bed of mixed material and react there with the mixed material.

[0073] In the preferred embodiment, the blocking element is tubular or cylindrical. However, it is also conceivable for the blocking element to have a different shape, for example, a spherical shape in the case of a tubular third fluid outlet element, or a cube or cuboid shape, or a polygonal three-dimensional shape in the case of a fluid outlet element that has a square or polygonal cross-sectional area. Such shapes allow the blocking element to slide between the first, closed end and the second, open end of the third fluid outlet element and to block or unblock the fluid outlet through the fluid outlet opening depending on the rotational position of the conveyor screw.

[0074] Preferably, the blocking element is tubular and extends along a blocking element longitudinal axis, wherein at least one blocking element region of the blocking element is conical or rounded along the blocking element longitudinal axis.

[0075] The locking element can extend along the locking element longitudinal axis between a first locking element end and an opposite, second locking element end. The locking element can have a first locking element region and a second locking element region. The first locking element region can be adjacent to the first locking element end and the second locking element region can be adjacent to the second locking element end. In the first locking element region, the locking element can be substantially tubular or cylindrical. Preferably, the locking element has a constant or uniform diameter in the first locking element region. In the second locking element region, the locking element can have a diameter that tapers towards the second locking element end.Thus, the second locking element region can have a conical shape, which is shaped like a cone in the direction of the locking element's longitudinal axis and tapers to a point toward the second locking element end. The second locking element end can thus have a conical tip in the direction of the locking element's longitudinal axis. It is also conceivable for the second locking element region to have a hemisphere shape, so that the second locking element end has a rounded tip in the direction of the locking element's longitudinal axis.

[0076] The blocking element can have a length between the first blocking element end and the second blocking element end that is longer than about 3 cm and shorter than about 18 cm, preferably longer than about 6 cm and shorter than about 12 cm. The length of the blocking element can particularly preferably be about 10 cm. The first blocking element region can have a length between about 3 cm and about 8 cm, preferably a length of about 6 cm. The first blocking element region can have a diameter transverse to the blocking element longitudinal axis of between about 3.5 cm and about 12 cm, preferably between about 5 cm and about 10 cm, particularly preferably of about 7.6 cm.

[0077] The blocking element can be mounted in the third fluid outlet element such that it can slide back and forth in the direction of the third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between the first, closed end and the second, open end. The first blocking element end can point towards the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element and can be designed to bear against the first, closed end or to come to rest upon corresponding rotation of the conveyor screw. The second blocking element end can point towards the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element and / or towards the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element and can be designed to bear against the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element or to come to rest upon corresponding rotation of the conveyor screw.

[0078] Preferably, a fluid outlet element end region is formed adjacent to the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element in order to fluid-tightly receive the conical or rounded blocking element region of the blocking element.

[0079] The fluid outlet element end region can at least partially overlap with the region in which the external thread of the first fluid outlet element is arranged. The fluid outlet element end region can extend from the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element and comprise a region in which the housing of the first fluid outlet element is tapered. In the fluid outlet element end region, the inner diameter can decrease or taper from the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element towards the first, open end of the first fluid outlet element. In other words, the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element and / or the fluid outlet element end region adjacent to the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element can have a tapered taper.Thus, the fluid outlet element end region can be configured to receive the conically shaped second blocking element region of the blocking element and to block fluid outlet from the first fluid outlet element into the third fluid outlet element. It is also conceivable for the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element and / or the fluid outlet element end region adjacent to the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element to have a rounded bevel or rounded region and to be configured to receive a rounded tip of the blocking element. Thus, the fluid outlet element end region can be configured to receive the rounded second blocking element region of the blocking element and to block fluid outlet from the first fluid outlet element into the third fluid outlet element.

[0080] Because the blocking element can be cylindrical and provided with a conical or rounded tip, it can block the fluid outlet when the conveyor screw rotates over the conical bevel of the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element. Gravity causes the blocking element to slide toward the conical bevel, and the conical or rounded tip of the blocking element comes to rest in the conical bevel of the first fluid outlet element. Upon corresponding rotation of the conveyor screw, gravity causes the blocking element to move away from the conical bevel, allowing the fluid to exit.

[0081] The size of the blocking element is preferably selected such that the fluid outlet is only released within a small rotation angle range, in order to prevent the cylindrical configuration of the blocking element, in particular the first blocking element region, from blocking the passage opening in the third fluid outlet element, even if the blocking element is moved away from the second, open end or from the conical bevel of the first fluid passage element. The length of the cylindrical first blocking element region must be adapted to the length of the third fluid outlet element.

[0082] The design of the blocking element, in particular the conical or rounded tip of the blocking element, and the interaction with the design of the second, open end of the first fluid outlet element, in particular the conical bevel, prevents the blocking element from becoming wedged in the third fluid outlet element and preventing the blocking element from sliding due to gravity. In addition, the fluid outlet or fluid path can be blocked via a particularly short sliding path of the blocking element within the third fluid outlet element. Due to the cylindrical design of the blocking element with a conical or rounded tip, the fluid outlet or fluid path is only opened within a small rotation angle range of the conveyor screw, in particular when the blocking element rests with the first blocking element end against the first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element.This occurs in particular in the state while the conveyor screw rotates about the axis of rotation, when the fluid outlet openings are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity.

[0083] Only when the conveyor screw rotates around the axis of rotation and the fluid outlet openings are located substantially below the axis of rotation in the direction of gravity does a small gap or fluid path form between the inner wall of the third fluid outlet element and the second blocking element region of the blocking element, through which the fluid can flow. In particular, this allows fluid to flow from the first fluid outlet element into the second fluid outlet element.

[0084] It is particularly advantageous if the gap between the blocking element and the third fluid outlet element is designed with a width of between 0.1 mm and 0.4 mm, particularly preferably with a width of 0.2 mm, so that the flow resistance is high. This ensures that the fluid preferentially reaches the mixed material bed or solids bed in a reaction tube with a mixing device. Overflow of the solids bed is prevented. This is particularly the case when the mixing device rotates and the third fluid outlet element is lowered from a horizontal position into the mixed material bed or when the third fluid outlet element reappears from the mixed material bed until it has reached a horizontal position again due to the rotation of the mixing device.The dimensioning of the width of the gap between the blocking element and the third fluid outlet element and the associated high flow resistance further ensure that reaction gas is saved when the third fluid outlet element is rotated upwards by the mixing device from a horizontal position or, after exceeding a vertical position, is lowered further downwards until a horizontal position is reached again. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the width of the gap between the blocking element and the third fluid outlet element ensures that the blocking element can be guided securely in the third fluid outlet element.

[0085] The conveyor screw preferably has an inner body which extends along an inner body longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end. The inner body can be arranged within the shaft body such that the inner body longitudinal axis extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft body and a free space, in particular a gap, is formed between the inner body and the shaft body, wherein the free space is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings. The free space is preferably designed to be connected to a fluid supply device of a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln, such that a fluid can be fed into the free space via the fluid supply device and guided within the free space.

[0086] The inner body can be inserted into the inner cavity. The inner body and the shaft body can be tubular, wherein the inner body can have an outer diameter transverse to the inner body longitudinal axis, which is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft body. This forms a free space or gap, in particular an annular free space or an annular gap, between the inner body and the shaft body, which extends circumferentially around the entire inner body. The free space can be formed concentrically around the axis of rotation. The previously described configuration has the advantage that the fluid is not guided in the entire inner cavity of the shaft body. Instead, the fluid can be guided in the annular free space orannular gap between the shaft body and the inner body and enter the fluid outlet units and are finally introduced into the mixed material bed via the first fluid outlet element and preferably via the second fluid outlet element.

[0087] The annular clearance or gap formed by this configuration, viewed in the axial direction of the rotation axis, enables particularly advantageous flow guidance after feeding through the fluid supply device. Furthermore, the fluid can be directed specifically to the fluid outlet openings.

[0088] The inner body is preferably designed such that an electric heating element can be inserted and mounted within the inner body, preferably along the inner body's longitudinal axis. The shaft body can be designed as a tube, in particular as a centrally arranged central tube. The inner body can be designed as a tube, in particular as an inner tube, which is arranged within the hollow space of the shaft body.

[0089] A heating element or electrical heating element, for example a heating rod, can be inserted into the inner tube so that the fluid in the annular free space or annular gap can be heated, in particular via heat conduction through the wall of the inner tube, without the fluid coming into contact with the heating elements or heating gases of the heating element. This prevents damage to the heating element due to corrosive attack by the fluid or reaction gas. In addition, the heating element can be replaced, for example when the conveyor screw is installed in a mixing device, without the conveyor screw having to be removed from the mixing device. Furthermore, it is possible to pass hot exhaust gases through the interior of the inner tube without them mixing with the fluid or reaction gas. Through this heating via the inner tube, heat is supplied to the conveyor screw on the one hand and to the fluid or reaction gas on the other.The reaction gas is heated. Alternatively, the shaft body can also be operated without an inner tube. In this case, the heating gas also serves as the fluid or reaction gas.

[0090] According to the first aspect of the invention, the conveyor screw has one or more blocking elements that block or unblock fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings depending on a rotation of the shaft body about the rotation axis. Preferably, the one or more blocking elements block fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings depending on a rotation angle or degree of rotation of the shaft body, or the one or more blocking elements unblock fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings depending on the rotation angle or degree of rotation of the shaft body.

[0091] If the conveyor screw is rotated around the axis of rotation of the shaft body, for example in a full 360° rotation, the blocking elements open or close the fluid outlet openings and allow or block the fluid outlet from the internal cavity, depending on the position or angular position of the individual fluid outlet openings and / or the individual blocking elements relative to the axis of rotation.

[0092] The following describes preferred rotation angle ranges or degree ranges in which the fluid outlet openings can be blocked or opened. The rotation angle ranges or degree ranges are described with reference to a position of use of the conveyor screw in which the axis of rotation runs essentially horizontally. Furthermore, an imaginary straight line is assumed that runs essentially vertically and intersects the axis of rotation. Viewed in the axial direction of the axis of rotation, the angle of rotation corresponds to the angle between the part of the imaginary straight line lying above the axis of rotation and an imaginary connecting line starting from the axis of rotation to the respective fluid outlet opening. Furthermore, the angle of rotation increases when viewed clockwise.

[0093] The fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially above the rotation axis in the direction of gravity and are thereby blocked by the blocking element being moved solely by gravity through the fluid outlet unit or the blocking element guide unit towards the fluid outlet opening, thus blocking the fluid outlet, can then be present in a rotation angle range of approximately 271° to 89°. Correspondingly, the fluid outlet openings, which are located substantially below the rotation axis in the direction of gravity and are thereby opened by the blocking element being moved solely by gravity away from the fluid outlet opening, thus releasing the fluid outlet, can be present in a rotation angle range of 91° to 269°.

[0094] Preferably, the one or more blocking elements can block the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings in a rotation angle range of 271° to 89°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 292.5° to 67.5°, more preferably in a rotation angle range of 315° to 45°. Further preferably, the one or more blocking elements can allow the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings in a rotation angle range of 91° to 269°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 135° to 225°, and particularly preferably in a rotation angle range of 157.5° to 202.5°.

[0095] In particular, at a rotation angle of 0°, the fluid outlet opening would be positioned substantially vertically above the rotation axis, so that the blocking element is moved away from the second, closed end solely by gravity and rests against the first, open end, thus blocking the passage of fluid through the fluid outlet opening. Accordingly, at a rotation angle of 180°, the fluid outlet opening would be positioned substantially vertically below the rotation axis, so that the blocking element is moved away from the first, open end solely by gravity and rests against the second, closed end, thus allowing fluid to pass through the fluid outlet opening.

[0096] According to a further, second aspect of the invention, a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln, is provided for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, wherein the mixing device comprises a conveyor screw and a fluid supply device which is designed to supply the fluid into the shaft body.

[0097] The conveyor screw of the mixing device according to the second aspect can have all of the previously described features of the conveyor screw according to the first aspect of the invention, as well as the advantages associated with these features.

[0098] According to a third aspect of the invention, a mixing device, in particular a rotary kiln, is provided for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, wherein the mixing device has a conveyor screw and a fluid supply device which is designed to supply the fluid into the shaft body. The fluid supply device has a first component and a second component, wherein the first component surrounds the shaft body in the circumferential direction and is fastened or can be fastened thereto in a manner that is secure against rotation and displacement, wherein the second component surrounds the inner body in the circumferential direction and is fastened or can be fastened thereto in a manner that is secure against rotation and displacement, and wherein the two components are arranged relative to one another in such a way that a space is formed between the two components, which space is fluidically connected or can be fluidically connected to the free space between the inner body and the shaft body.Preferably, the space extends between the first end and an opposite second end between the two components, wherein the second end is configured to supply a fluid to the space.

[0099] In particular, the fluid supply device or injection device can be used to supply or inject the fluid into the shaft body in the event that the fluid or reaction gas is guided in a free space or gap between the shaft body and the inner body. Therefore, the conveyor screw of the mixing device according to the third aspect of the invention can have all of the previously described features of the conveyor screw according to the first aspect of the invention, as well as the advantages associated with these features, which relate to a free space or gap formed between the inner body and the shaft body.

[0100] In particular, the conveyor screw of the mixing device according to the third aspect of the invention can have an inner body which extends along an inner body longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end. The inner body can be arranged within the shaft body such that the inner body longitudinal axis extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft body and a free space, in particular a gap, is formed between the inner body and the shaft body, wherein the free space is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings. Preferably, the free space is designed to be connected to the fluid supply device of the mixing device according to the third aspect of the invention, such that a fluid can be fed into the free space via the fluid supply device of the mixing device according to the third aspect of the invention and can be guided in the free space.In particular, the inner body can be designed such that an electric heating element can be inserted and mounted within the inner body, preferably along the inner body's longitudinal axis. The shaft body can be designed as a tube, in particular as a centrally arranged central tube. The inner body can be designed as a tube, in particular as an inner tube, which is arranged within the hollow space of the shaft body.

[0101] The first component preferably surrounds the shaft body in the circumferential direction and is or can be fastened to it in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. The second component also preferably surrounds the inner body in the circumferential direction and is or can be fastened to it in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. For this purpose, the inner body can protrude from the shaft body so that the second component is or can be fastened to the inner body in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. The first component and the second component can be non-detachably connected to the shaft body and the inner body, for example by being manufactured in one piece or by being glued or welded. The first component and the second component are preferably detachably connected to the shaft body and the inner body so that they can be easily detached from one another.This is advantageous, especially when a heating element inside the inner body needs to be replaced or the entire screw conveyor needs to be replaced.

[0102] For the releasable fastening of the first component and the second component to the shaft body and the inner body, a first clamping sleeve or clamping jaw and a second clamping sleeve or clamping jaw can be provided. The first clamping sleeve can surround the shaft body in the circumferential direction or all around and connect the first component to the shaft body in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. The second clamping sleeve can surround the inner body in the circumferential direction or all around and connect the second component to the inner body in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. Rotationally and displacement-proof means that the components do not move or shift relative to one another when connected, but are firmly connected to one another so that relative movement or displacement is not possible. However, the components can still be separated from one another, for example by releasing the two clamping sleeves from the shaft body and the inner body.

[0103] The first clamping sleeve can have a first projection and the second clamping sleeve can have a second projection. The first projection can be designed to engage with a first component projection of the first component and the second projection can be designed to engage with a second component projection of the second component. Preferably, the component projections of the two components and the two components of the clamping sleeves each run in a plane that is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation or parallel to the outer walls of the shaft body and the inner body. Such a configuration of the clamping sleeves can enable a rotationally and displacement-proof fastening of the two components relative to one another and relative to the shaft body and inner body.

[0104] The two components are arranged relative to each other in such a way that a space, in particular an annular space, viewed in the axial direction of the axis of rotation, is formed between the two components, which is fluidically connected or fluidically connectable to the gap or free space between the inner body and the shaft body.

[0105] The two components can be connected to one another, for example with at least one screw connection. However, other connections between the two components are also conceivable, for example a plug-in connection or a connection by adhesive bonding. The two components can then be arranged relative to one another in such a way that a space is formed. This space can be designed as an annular space or annular gap. The space can surround the shaft body and / or the inner body in the circumferential direction. When the two components are connected to the shaft body and inner body, the annular gap can extend between a first ring end and a second ring end. The annular gap can be fluidically connected to the free space or gap between the shaft body and the inner body via the first ring end. The second ring end can be designed to fluidically supply a fluid or reaction gas to the annular gap.Because the first end is fluidically connected to the gap between the shaft body and inner body, the fluid or reaction gas can be advantageously supplied to the conveyor screw. When the two components are connected to the shaft body and inner body, the second ring end can be spaced further from the axis of rotation than the first ring end. The annular gap can have a funnel shape, with this funnel shape tapering from the second ring end to the first ring end. Such a configuration has proven advantageous because a fluid can be supplied to the second ring end in a particularly simple manner.

[0106] Preferably, the inner body protrudes from the shaft body, wherein the inner body has a projection formed in the circumferential direction, and wherein a first end of the space is fluidically connected or fluidically connectable to the free space via an opening between the projection and the shaft body.

[0107] The inner body can protrude from the shaft body. This has the advantageous effect that the first component is or can be fastened to the shaft body and the second component to the inner body in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. Furthermore, a clearance opening or gap opening is easily created between the shaft body and the annular body without the need for a bore in the housing of the shaft body. Rather, the two components can be arranged around the shaft body and the inner body in such a way that the first annular end of the annular space can be fluidically connected to the clearance opening or gap opening between the shaft body and the inner body.

[0108] The inner body preferably has a projection. This projection can surround the inner body in the circumferential direction and point away from the inner body. The projection can extend from the outer housing of the inner body over a distance that is at least as great as the difference between the inner diameter of the shaft body and the outer diameter of the inner body as seen relative to the axis of rotation. Preferably, the projection is spaced from the clearance opening or gap opening when the inner body is inserted into the shaft body and protrudes from it. Preferably, the distance of the projection from the clearance opening or gap opening corresponds approximately to the width of the annular space or annular gap between the first component and the second component. Such a configuration proves to be advantageous because the projection enables the first ring end to access the clearance opening or gap opening.Gap opening is limited and thus a fluid-tight connection is enabled.

[0109] Preferably, the fluid supply device further comprises a first sealing element and a second sealing element, wherein the first sealing element sealingly connects the first component to the shaft body, and wherein the second sealing element sealingly connects the second component to the inner body.

[0110] The first sealing element can be a first O-ring and the second sealing element can be a second O-ring. Preferably, the first sealing element can be arranged in a first groove in the first component and / or the second sealing element can be arranged in a second groove in the second component. When the two components are joined together, the two grooves can be arranged on opposite sides of the annular space or annular gap. The two sealing elements each enable a sealing connection of the first component and the second component with the shaft body and the inner body. This prevents foreign bodies, for example dust from the environment, from getting between the components and the shaft body and the inner body or into the annular gap and thus into the free space between the shaft body and the inner body.

[0111] The two components can also be sealed from one another. This can be achieved using at least one further sealing element, in particular an O-ring. The at least one further sealing element can be inserted into at least one further annular groove. The at least one further annular groove can be arranged in the first component and / or in the second component. For example, the annular groove can be arranged above the second ring end and, preferably, below a threaded hole and / or screw connection located above the second gap end, which connects the two components to one another. The annular groove and the sealing element can thus be located between the second gap end and the threaded hole or the screw connection. This enables a particularly simple sealing connection between the two components relative to one another. This prevents foreign bodies, for example dust from the environment, from getting between the components.

[0112] Preferably, the previously described screw conveyor can be used to mix a mixture with a fluid in a mixing device. The screw conveyor can be rotatably mounted in the mixing device. The mixing device can be a mixing device with all the features described above. The fluid can be a gaseous fluid, and the mixing device can be a tube furnace. The tube furnace can be a rotary kiln, such as those used, for example, in pyrolysis, activated carbon production, cement production, and / or solid fuel combustion.

[0113] The present invention is explained below with reference to drawings which represent only preferred embodiments, in which Fig. 1 shows a side view of a screw conveyor according to an embodiment, Fig. 2 a cross section through the screw conveyor from the Fig. 1 shows, Fig. 3 shows a side view of a fluid outlet unit according to an alternative embodiment, Fig. 4 a cross section through the fluid outlet unit from the Fig. 3 shows, Fig. 5 an enlarged section of the Fig. 4 shows, Fig. 6 shows a side view of a mixing device according to an embodiment, and Fig. 7 shows a cross section of a fluid supply device according to an embodiment.

[0114] Based on the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of a conveyor screw 1 for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, and for rotatable mounting in a mixing device 3, in particular a rotary kiln, is explained.

[0115] The conveyor screw 1 has a shaft body 5 for rotatable support about a rotation axis 7. The shaft body 5 is preferably designed as a tube, in particular as a central tube that can be arranged centrally in the conveyor screw 1. The shaft body 5 has an internal cavity 9. Furthermore, the conveyor screw 1 has a plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 that are fluidically connected to the cavity 9, wherein the plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 are distributed in the direction of the rotation axis 7 and in the circumferential direction of the shaft body 5, as well as one or more blocking elements 13 that block or allow fluid to escape from the plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 depending on a rotation of the shaft body 5 about the rotation axis 7. Furthermore, the conveyor screw 1 has a plurality of screw blades 15 which are designed to mix the material to be mixed.

[0116] The one or more blocking elements 13 can block or release the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 depending on a rotation angle of the shaft body 5. Preferably, the one or more blocking elements 13 can block the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 in a rotation angle range of 271° to 89°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 292.5° to 67.5°, more preferably in a rotation angle range of 315° to 45°. Further preferably, the one or more blocking elements 13 can release the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings 11 in a rotation angle range of 91° to 269°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 135° to 225°, more preferably in a rotation angle range of 157.5° to 202.5°. The rotation angle ranges or rotation degree ranges are described with reference to a position of use of the conveyor screw 1 in which the rotation axis 7 runs essentially horizontally.Furthermore, an imaginary straight line is assumed that runs essentially vertically and intersects the rotation axis 7. Viewed in the axial direction of the rotation axis 7, the angle of rotation corresponds to the angle between the part of the imaginary straight line lying above the rotation axis 7 and an imaginary connecting line extending from the rotation axis 7 to the respective fluid outlet opening 11. Furthermore, the angle of rotation increases in a clockwise direction.

[0117] In the direction of the rotation axis 7, a plurality of fluid outlet units 17 are arranged on the shaft body 5 and extend away from the shaft body 5. The fluid outlet units 17 are fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings 11. The fluid outlet units 17 each have at least one blocking element 13. The blocking element 13 is movably mounted in the fluid outlet unit 17. The fluid outlet units 17 are preferably designed to guide the blocking element 13 toward the fluid outlet openings 11 and away from the fluid outlet openings 11. Thus, the blocking element 13 can block or open the fluid outlet openings 11 depending on the rotation of the shaft body 5 about the rotation axis 7.

[0118] The fluid outlet units 11 each have a first fluid outlet element 19 and a second fluid outlet element 21.

[0119] The first fluid outlet element 19 has a first inner cavity 23 and extends from the fluid outlet opening 11 in the shaft body 5 essentially in the radial direction away from the shaft body 5. The first fluid outlet element 19 has a fluid passage opening 25, which is arranged between a first open end 29 connected to the fluid outlet opening 11 in the shaft body 5 and a second, closed end 27. The fluid passage opening 25 in the first fluid outlet element 19 is arranged at a distance from the first open end 29 connected to the fluid outlet opening in the shaft body and from the second, closed end 27 of the first fluid outlet element 19.

[0120] The second fluid outlet element 21 has a second inner cavity 31, which is fluidically connected to the first inner cavity 23. The second fluid outlet element 21 extends from the fluid passage opening 25 in the first fluid outlet element 19 essentially in the direction of the rotation axis 7. The first fluid outlet element 19 and the second fluid outlet element 21 are tubular. The blocking element 13 is a movable element, preferably a ball.

[0121] The conveyor screw 1 may have an inner body 33 (in the Fig. 7 shown, but not in the Fig. 1 and in the Fig. 2), which extends along an inner body longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end. The inner body 33 can be arranged within the shaft body 5 such that the inner body longitudinal axis extends in the direction of the axis of rotation 7 of the shaft body 5 and a free space 35, in particular a gap 35, is formed between the inner body 33 and the shaft body 5. The free space 35 can be fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings. The free space 35 can be designed to be connected to a fluid supply device 37 of a mixing device 3, in particular a rotary kiln, so that a fluid can be fed into the free space 35 via the fluid supply device 37 and guided in the free space 35, in particular to the fluid outlet openings 11.The inner body 33 can be configured such that an electric heating element (not shown) can be inserted and mounted within the inner body 33, preferably along the inner body's longitudinal axis. The inner body 33 can be designed as a tube, in particular as an inner tube, which is arranged within the cavity 9 of the shaft body 5.

[0122] In the Fig. 3 to 5, an alternative embodiment of a fluid outlet unit 117 is shown. The fluid outlet unit 117 differs from the previously described fluid outlet unit 17 in that, instead of a first and second fluid outlet element 19, 21, it has a design with a first, second and third fluid outlet element 119, 121, 122. The Fig. 5 shows an enlarged section of the third fluid outlet element 122, which is located in the Fig. 4 is within a circle.

[0123] The fluid outlet units 117 each have a first fluid outlet element 119. The first fluid outlet element 119 has a first inner cavity 123 and extends substantially radially away from the fluid outlet opening 11 in the shaft body 5. The first fluid outlet element 119 extends along a first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, open end 129, which is connected or connectable to the fluid outlet opening 11 in the shaft body 5, and a second, open end 127.

[0124] The fluid outlet units 117 each have a second fluid outlet element 121 and a third fluid outlet element 122. The second fluid outlet element 121 has a second inner cavity 131, and the third fluid outlet element 122 has a third inner cavity 132, wherein the second inner cavity 131 and the third inner cavity 132 are fluidly connectable or connected to the first inner cavity 123. The second fluid outlet element 121 extends along a second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first end 133, which is connectable or connected to the third fluid outlet element 122, and a second, open end 135. The first fluid outlet element 119, the second fluid outlet element 121, and the third fluid outlet element 122 are each tubular.

[0125] The third fluid outlet element 122 extends along a third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, closed end 137 and a second, open end 139, wherein the third fluid outlet element 122 has a fluid passage opening 125 which is arranged between the first, closed end 137 and the second, open end 139 and is designed to be fluidically connected to the second fluid outlet element 121, such that the second fluid outlet element 121 extends away from the fluid passage opening 125 in the third fluid outlet element 122 substantially in the direction of the rotation axis 7. The fluid passage opening 125 is arranged in the third fluid outlet element 122 at a distance from the first, closed end 137 of the third fluid outlet element 122 and at a distance from the second, open end 139 of the third fluid outlet element 122.

[0126] The second, open end 127 of the first fluid outlet element 119 is fluidically connectable to the second, open end 139 of the third fluid outlet element 122. The second, open end 127 of the first fluid outlet element 119 can have an external thread, and the second, open end 139 of the third fluid outlet element 122 can have an internal thread, so that the two fluid outlet elements 119, 122 can be connected to one another via a screw cap.

[0127] The blocking element 113 is a movable element and is mounted axially movable inside the third fluid outlet element 122. The blocking element 113 is tubular and extends along a blocking element longitudinal axis, wherein at least one blocking element region of the blocking element 113 is conical or rounded along the blocking element longitudinal axis. The blocking element 113 can extend along the blocking element longitudinal axis between a first blocking element end 143 and an opposite, second blocking element end 145. The blocking element 113 can have a first blocking element region 147 and a second blocking element region 149 (see, for example, the Fig. 5). The first locking element region 147 can adjoin the first locking element end 143, and the second locking element region 149 can adjoin the second locking element end 145. In the first locking element region 143, the locking element can be substantially tubular or cylindrical. Preferably, the locking element 113 has a constant or consistent diameter in the first locking element region 147. In the second locking element region 149, the locking element 113 can have a diameter that tapers towards the second locking element end 145. Thus, the second locking element region 149 can have a conical shape that is shaped like a cone in the direction of the locking element's longitudinal axis and tapers to a point towards the second locking element end 145. The second locking element end 145 can thus have a conical tip in the direction of the locking element's longitudinal axis.

[0128] The first fluid outlet element 119 has, adjacent to the second, open end 127, a fluid outlet element end region 141 which is designed to fluid-tightly receive the conical or rounded blocking element region of the blocking element 113.

[0129] The fluid outlet element end region 141 may extend from the second, open end 127 of the first fluid outlet element 119 and may include a region in which the housing of the first fluid outlet element 119 is tapered. In the fluid outlet element end region 141, the inner diameter may decrease or taper from the second, open end 127 of the first fluid outlet element 119 toward the first, open end 129 of the first fluid outlet element 119 (see, for example, the Fig. 5). Thus, the fluid outlet element end region 141 can be configured to receive the conical second blocking element region 149 of the blocking element 113 and to block fluid outlet from the first fluid outlet element 119 into the third fluid outlet element 122 or into the second fluid outlet element 121.

[0130] Due to the cylindrical design of the blocking element 113 with a conical or rounded tip, the fluid outlet or fluid path is only released in a small rotation angle range of the conveyor screw 1, in particular when the blocking element 113 rests with the first blocking element end 143 on the first, closed end 137 of the third fluid outlet element 122. This occurs in particular in the state while the conveyor screw 1 rotates about the axis of rotation 7, when the fluid outlet openings 11 are located substantially below the axis of rotation 7 in the direction of gravity. Only in the state while the conveyor screw 1 rotates about the axis of rotation 7 and the fluid outlet openings 11 are located substantially below the axis of rotation 7 in the direction of gravity, a small gap or fluid path 151 is created (see, for example, the Fig. 5) between the inner wall of the third fluid outlet element 122 and the second blocking element region 149 of the blocking element 133 through which the fluid can flow. In particular, the fluid outlet from the first fluid outlet element 119 into the second fluid outlet element 121 can thus be enabled.

[0131] In the Fig. 6 shows a mixing device 3, in particular a rotary kiln, for mixing a mixture with a fluid, in particular a gaseous fluid, according to an embodiment. The mixing device 3 has a conveyor screw 1. The conveyor screw 1 can have all of the features described in connection with the Fig. 1 to 5 are described above. Thus, the conveyor screw 1 can have a fluid outlet unit 17, as described in connection with the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, or have a fluid outlet unit 117 as described in connection with the Fig. 3 to 5. Furthermore, the mixing device 3 has a fluid supply device 37 or injection device, which is designed to supply the fluid into the shaft body 5 of the conveyor screw 1. The mixing device 3 further has a conveyor screw drive element 39 for driving the conveyor screw 1 and a drive element 41 for driving a conveyor screw housing 43 or conveyor screw tube or reaction tube, in which the conveyor screw 1 is arranged to rotate. Furthermore, the mixing device 3 has a first bearing and sealing element 45 and a second bearing and sealing element 47, which rotatably and / or stationary mounts and / or seals the conveyor screw 1 between a mix feed unit 49 and a mix discharge unit 51. In a particular embodiment, the mixing device 3 does not have to rotate in order to mix a mix with a fluid. In this embodiment, the drive element 41 can be omitted.In this embodiment, the bearing and sealing elements 45, 47 can also be omitted.

[0132] In the mixing device 3, a fluid can be fed to the conveyor screw 1 by means of the fluid feed device 37. The fluid can be fed directly into the cavity 9 within the shaft body 5 of the conveyor screw 1 and enter the interior of the conveyor screw housing 43 or the conveyor screw tube or reaction tube via the fluid outlet openings 11 and the fluid outlet units 17. Furthermore, a mix can be introduced into the conveyor screw housing 11 via the mix introduction unit 49. By means of the fluid outlet openings 11 and the fluid outlet units 17, the fluid can be introduced or sprayed directly into the mix bed within the conveyor screw housing 43 and react with the mix. Overflow of the mix or solid is thus prevented, the conversion rate of the mix or solid is increased, and the discharge of unreacted mix particles or solid particles is reduced.By means of the mixture discharge unit 51, the mixture reacted with the fluid can be discharged from the conveyor screw 1.

[0133] In the Fig. 7 shows a cross section of a fluid supply device 37 according to an embodiment. In particular, the fluid supply device 37 shown in Fig. The fluid supply device 37 or injection device shown in Fig. 7 for supplying or injecting a fluid into the shaft body 5 can be used for the previously described case in which the fluid or reaction gas is guided in a free space 35, in particular in a gap, between the shaft body 5 and the inner body 33.

[0134] The fluid supply device 37 has a first component 53 and a second component 55. The first component 53 surrounds the shaft body 5 in the circumferential direction and is fastened or can be fastened thereto in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. The second component 55 surrounds the inner body 33 in the circumferential direction and is fastened or can be fastened thereto in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. For the releasable fastening of the first component 53 and the second component 55 to the shaft body 5 and the inner body 33, a first clamping sleeve 71 or clamping jaw and a second clamping sleeve 73 or clamping jaw are provided. The first clamping sleeve 71 surrounds the shaft body 5 in the circumferential direction or all around in order to connect the first component 53 to the shaft body 5 in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner. The second clamping sleeve 73 surrounds the inner body 33 in the circumferential direction or all around in order to connect the second component 55 to the inner body 33 in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner.

[0135] The two components 53, 55 are arranged relative to each other in such a way that a space 57, in particular an annular space or annular gap, is formed between the two components 53, 55, which is fluidically connected or fluidically connectable to the free space 35 or gap between the inner body 33 and the shaft body 5.

[0136] The two components 53, 55 are connected to one another by two screw connections 79, 81 and arranged relative to one another in such a way that the space 57 or annular space or annular gap is formed. The space 57 or annular space or annular gap extends between a first ring end 61 and a second ring end 63. The space 57 or annular space or annular gap is fluidly connected to the first ring end 61 with an opening 65 or free space opening or gap opening and thus with the free space 35 or gap between the shaft body 5 and the inner body 33. The opening 65 or free space opening or gap opening is formed in that the inner body 33, in particular a first end or a first end region of the inner body 33, protrudes from the shaft body 5, in particular over a first end or a first end region of the shaft body 5, and a projection 59, in particular a concentric projection, is formed in the circumferential direction.

[0137] The second ring end 63 is designed to fluidically supply a fluid or reaction gas to the space 57, the annular space, or the annular gap. Because the first ring end 61 is fluidically connected to the opening 65, the free space opening, or the gap opening, with the free space 35, or gap between the shaft body 5 and the inner body 33, the fluid or reaction gas can be supplied to the conveyor screw. Additionally, the projection 59 limits the access of the first ring end 61 to the opening 65, the free space opening, or the gap opening, thus enabling a particularly fluid-tight connection.

[0138] The fluid supply device 37 has a first sealing element 67 and a second sealing element 69. The first sealing element 67 connects the first component 53 to the shaft body 5 and seals both components together. The second sealing element 69 connects the second component 55 to the inner body 33 and seals both components together. The first sealing element 67 is arranged in a first groove 75 in the first component 53, and the second sealing element 69 is arranged in a second groove 77 in the second component 55. The two grooves 75, 77 are arranged on opposite sides of the space 57 or annular space or annular gap.

[0139] Finally, the two components 53, 55 are sealed to each other. The two components 53, 55 are sealed to each other with at least one further sealing element 83, in particular an O-ring. The at least one further sealing element 83 is inserted into at least one further annular groove 85, wherein the further annular groove 85 is arranged in the first component 53. It is conceivable that the further annular groove 85 is arranged in the second component 55. List of reference symbols 1 screw conveyor 3 Mixing device 5 shaft bodies 7 axis of rotation 9 Cavity 11 fluid outlet openings 13 locking elements 15 snail wings 17 fluid outlet units 19 first fluid outlet element 21 second fluid outlet element 23 first inner cavity 25 Fluid passage opening 27 second, closed end of the first fluid outlet element 29 first, open end of the first fluid outlet element 31 second inner cavity 33 inner body 35 Free space, especially gap, between inner body and shaft body 37 Fluid supply device 39 Conveyor screw drive element 41 Drive element for driving the screw conveyor housing 43 Conveyor screw housing 45 first bearing and sealing element 47 second bearing and sealing element 49 Mix feeding unit 51 Mix discharge unit 53 first component 55 second component 57 Space, in particular annular space or annular gap 59 lead 61 first ring end 63 second ring end 65 Opening or free space opening or gap opening 67 first sealing element 69 second sealing element 71 first clamping sleeve 73 second clamping sleeve 75 first groove 77 second groove 79, 81 Screw connections 83 at least one further sealing element 85 at least one further annular groove 117 fluid outlet units 119 first fluid outlet element 121 second fluid outlet element 122 third fluid outlet element 123 first inner cavity 125 Fluid passage opening 127 second, open end of the first fluid outlet element 129 first, open end of the first fluid outlet element 131 second inner cavity 132 third inner cavity 133 first end of the second fluid outlet element 135 second end of the second fluid outlet element 137 first, closed end of the third fluid outlet element 139 second, open end of the third fluid outlet element 141 Fluid outlet element end area 143 first locking element end 145 second locking element end 147 first blocking element area 149 second blocking element area 151 small gap or fluid path

Claims

[1] Conveyor screw (1) for mixing a mixture with a fluid and for rotatable mounting in a mixing device (3), the conveyor screw (1) comprising: - a shaft body (5) for rotatable mounting about a rotation axis (7), wherein the shaft body (5) has an internal cavity (9); - a plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) which are fluidically connected to the cavity (9), wherein the plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) are distributed in the direction of the rotational axis (7) and in the circumferential direction of the shaft body (5); and - one or more blocking elements (13, 113) which block or release a fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) depending on a rotation of the shaft body (5) about the axis of rotation (7). [2] Conveyor screw according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor screw (1) further comprises: - a plurality of fluid outlet units (17, 117), wherein the fluid outlet units (17, 117) are arranged on the shaft body (5) in the direction of the axis of rotation (7) and extend away from the shaft body (5), wherein the fluid outlet units (17, 117) are fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings (11). [3] Conveyor screw according to claim 2, wherein the fluid outlet units (17, 117) each have at least one blocking element (13, 113), wherein the blocking element (13, 113) is movably mounted in the fluid outlet unit (17, 117), wherein the fluid outlet units (17, 117) are preferably designed to guide the blocking element (13, 113) towards the fluid outlet openings (11) and away from the fluid outlet openings (11), wherein the blocking element (13) blocks or releases the fluid outlet openings (11) preferably depending on the rotation of the shaft body (5) about the axis of rotation (7). [4] Conveyor screw according to claim 3, wherein the fluid outlet units (17) each have a first fluid outlet element (19), wherein the first fluid outlet element (19) has a first inner cavity (23) and extends radially away from the fluid outlet opening (11) in the shaft body (5), wherein the first fluid outlet element (19) has a fluid passage opening (25) which is arranged between a first end (29) connected to the fluid outlet opening (11) in the shaft body (5) and a second, closed end (27), and wherein the fluid outlet units (17) preferably each have a second fluid outlet element (21), wherein the second fluid outlet element (21) has a second inner cavity (31) which is fluidically connected to the first inner cavity (23), wherein the second fluid outlet element (21) extends away from the fluid passage opening (25) in the first fluid outlet element (19) in the direction of the axis of rotation (7). [5] Conveyor screw according to claim 4, wherein the first fluid outlet element (19) and the second fluid outlet element (21) are tubular, and wherein the blocking element (13) is a movable element, preferably a ball. [6] Conveyor screw according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fluid passage opening (25) in the first fluid outlet element (19) is arranged at a distance from the first end (29) connected to the fluid outlet opening (11) in the shaft body (5), and / or wherein the fluid passage opening (25) in the first fluid outlet element (19) is arranged at a distance from the second, closed end (27) of the first fluid outlet element (19). [7] Conveyor screw according to claim 3, wherein the fluid outlet units (117) each have a first fluid outlet element (119), wherein the first fluid outlet element (119) has a first inner cavity (123) and extends radially away from the fluid outlet opening (11) in the shaft body (5), wherein the first fluid outlet element (119) extends along a first fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first end (129) connected to the fluid outlet opening (11) in the shaft body (5) and a second, open end (127), and wherein the fluid outlet units (117) preferably each have a second fluid outlet element (121) and a third fluid outlet element (122), wherein the second fluid outlet element (121) has a second inner cavity (131) and the third fluid outlet element (122) has a third inner cavity (132), wherein the second inner cavity (131) and the third inner cavity (132) are fluidically connectable or connected to the first inner cavity (123), wherein the second fluid outlet element (121) extends along a second fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first end (133) connectable or connected to the third fluid outlet element (122) and a second, open end (135). [8] Conveyor screw according to claim 7, wherein the first fluid outlet element (119), the second fluid outlet element (121) and the third fluid outlet element (122) are tubular. [9] Conveyor screw according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the third fluid outlet element (122) extends along a third fluid outlet element longitudinal axis between a first, closed end (137) and a second, open end (139), and wherein the third fluid outlet element (122) has a fluid passage opening (125) which is arranged between the first, closed end (137) and the second, open end (139) and is designed to be fluidically connected to the second fluid outlet element (121), so that the second fluid outlet element (121) extends away from the fluid passage opening (125) in the third fluid outlet element (122) in the direction of the axis of rotation (7). [10] Conveyor screw according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second, open end (127) of the first fluid outlet element (119) is fluidically connectable to the second, open end (139) of the third fluid outlet element (122), wherein, preferably, the second, open end (127) of the first fluid outlet element (119) has an external thread and the second, open end (139) of the third fluid outlet element (122) has an internal thread. [11] Conveyor screw according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the blocking element (113) is a movable element and is mounted in an axially movable manner in the interior of the third fluid outlet element (122). [12] Conveyor screw according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the fluid passage opening (125) in the third fluid outlet element (122) is arranged at a distance from the first, closed end (137) of the third fluid outlet element (122), and / or wherein the fluid passage opening (125) in the third fluid outlet element (122) is arranged at a distance from the second, open end (139) of the third fluid outlet element (122). [13] Conveyor screw according to one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the blocking element (113) is tubular and extends along a blocking element longitudinal axis, wherein at least one blocking element region of the blocking element (113) is conical or rounded along the blocking element longitudinal axis. [14] Conveyor screw according to claim 13, wherein a fluid outlet element end region (141) is formed adjacent to the second, open end (127) of the first fluid outlet element (119) in order to fluid-tightly receive the conical or rounded blocking element region of the blocking element (113). [15] Conveyor screw according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conveyor screw (1) has an inner body (33) which extends along an inner body longitudinal axis between a first end and an opposite second end, wherein the inner body (33) is arranged within the shaft body (5) such that the inner body longitudinal axis extends in the direction of the rotational axis (7) of the shaft body (5) and a free space (35), in particular a gap, is formed between the inner body (33) and the shaft body (5), and wherein the free space (35) is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet openings (11). [16] Conveyor screw according to claim 15, wherein the free space (35) is designed to be connected to a fluid supply device (37) of a mixing device (3), in particular a rotary kiln, so that a fluid can be fed into the free space (35) via the fluid supply device (37) and guided in the free space (35). [17] Conveyor screw according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the inner body (33) is designed such that an electrical heating element can be inserted and stored within the inner body (33), preferably along the inner body longitudinal axis. [18] Conveyor screw according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft body (5) is designed as a tube, in particular as a centrally arranged central tube. [19] Conveyor screw according to one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the inner body (33) is designed as a tube, in particular as an inner tube, which is arranged within the cavity (9) of the shaft body (5). [20] Conveyor screw according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more blocking elements (13) block or release the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) depending on an angle of rotation of the shaft body (5), wherein, preferably, the one or more blocking elements (13) block the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) in a rotation angle range of 271° to 89°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 292.5° to 67.5°, more preferably in a rotation angle range of 315° to 45°, and wherein, preferably, the one or more blocking elements (13) release the fluid outlet from the plurality of fluid outlet openings (11) in a rotation angle range of 91° to 269°, preferably in a rotation angle range of 135° to 225°, more preferably in a rotation angle range of 157.5° to 202.5°. [21] Mixing device (3) for mixing a mixture with a fluid, the mixing device (3) comprising: - a conveyor screw (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20; and - a fluid supply device (37) which is designed to supply the fluid into the shaft body (5). [22] Mixing device (3) for mixing a mixture with a fluid, the mixing device (3) comprising: - a conveyor screw (1) according to one of claims 7 to 20; and - a fluid supply device (37) which is designed to supply the fluid into the shaft body (5), wherein the fluid supply device (37) comprises a first component (53) and a second component (55), wherein the first component (53) surrounds the shaft body (5) in the circumferential direction and is or can be fastened to it in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner, wherein the second component (55) surrounds the inner body (33) in the circumferential direction and is or can be fastened to it in a rotationally and displacement-proof manner, and wherein the two components (53, 55) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that a space (57) is formed between the two components (53, 55), which space is fluidically connected or fluidically connectable to the free space (35) between the inner body (33) and the shaft body (5). [23] Mixing device according to claim 22, wherein the inner body (33) protrudes from the shaft body (5), wherein the inner body (33) has a projection (59) formed in the circumferential direction, and wherein a first end (61) of the space (57) is fluidically connected or fluidically connectable to the free space (35) via an opening (65) between the projection (59) and the shaft body (5). [24] Mixing device according to claim 23, wherein the space (57) extends between the first end (61) and an opposite second end (63) between the two components (53, 55), and wherein the second end (63) is designed to supply a fluid to the space (57). [25] Mixing device according to one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the fluid supply device (37) further comprises a first sealing element (67) and a second sealing element (69), wherein the first sealing element (67) sealingly connects the first component (53) to the shaft body (5), and wherein the second sealing element (69) sealingly connects the second component (55) to the inner body (33). [26] Mixing device according to one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the two components (53, 55) are sealed to each other, wherein, preferably, the two components (53, 55) are sealed to each other with at least one further sealing element (83), in particular an O-ring, wherein, preferably, the at least one further sealing element (83) is inserted into at least one further annular groove (85), wherein the further annular groove (85) is arranged in the first component (53) and / or in the second component (55). [27] Use of the conveyor screw (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20 for mixing a mixture with a fluid in a mixing device (3), wherein the conveyor screw (1) is rotatably mounted in the mixing device (3). [28] Use of the conveyor screw (1) according to claim 27, wherein the mixing device (3) is a mixing device according to one of claims 21 to 26. [29] Use of the conveyor screw (1) according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the fluid is a gaseous fluid and the mixing device (3) is a tube furnace, wherein, preferably, the tube furnace is a rotary kiln used in pyrolysis, activated carbon production, cement production and / or solid fuel combustion.

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