Lighting devices with variable gamut

Abstract

Lighting equipment, comprehensive: a first electrically activated emitter; a second electrically activated emitter; and a control circuit configured to adjust the operation of the first and second electrically activated emitters to move between at least two operating states; wherein a first operating state of at least two operating states produces a combination of light leaving the lighting device, emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter, and which, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of a first operating state with a first gamut area index (GAI) value; wherein a second operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light leaving the lighting device, emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter, and which, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of a second operating state with a second GAI value; where the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%; and wherein the composite light emissions of the first operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions with a first color point, and wherein the composite light emissions of the second operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions with a second color point, and where, when plotted on a CI 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram, the first color point and the second color point differ from each other by a Delta u'v' value of not greater than 0.01.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application number 14 / 298,229, filed June 6, 2014. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to lighting devices, including solid-state lighting devices that may include electrically activated solid-state light emitters optionally arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophores, and to related methods of making and using such lighting devices. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Solid-state emitters, such as LEDs or lasers, can be used to provide white light (perceived, for example, as white or near-white) and are increasingly attractive as a potential replacement for white incandescent light bulbs. Solid-state emitters can incorporate luminophore materials (also known as luminophores) that absorb a portion of the emissions emitted by the emitter at a first peak wavelength and re-emit (re-emit) light having a second peak wavelength different from the first peak wavelength. Phosphors, scintillators, and luminophore paints are common luminophore materials.Light perceived as white or near-white can be produced by a combination of red, green, and blue ("RGB") emitters, or alternatively by the combined emissions of a blue light-emitting diode ("LED") and a luminophore, such as a yellow phosphor (e.g., YAG:Ce or Ce:YAG). In the latter case, a portion of the blue LED emissions passes through the phosphor, while another portion of the blue emissions is downconverted to yellow, and the combined blue and yellow light is perceived as white. White light can also be produced by stimulating phosphors or dyes of multiple colors with a violet or ultraviolet (UV) LED source.

[0004] It is known to package an LED chip in a housing (package) to provide environmental and / or mechanical protection, color selection, light focusing, and other functions. An LED package also includes electrical leads, contacts, and / or conductive traces for electrically connecting the LED package to an external circuit. A conventional LED package (package) 20 is Fig. 1, namely, with one or more LED chips 22 mounted on a carrier such as a printed circuit board (PCB), a substrate, or a holder 23, which may comprise a ceramic material. The assembly or package 20 may include one or more LED chips 22 with any suitable spectral output (e.g., ultraviolet, blue, green, red, white (e.g., a blue LED chip arranged to stimulate emissions from a phosphor material) and / or other colors). A reflector 24 may be mounted on the holder 23 (e.g., with solder or epoxy) to surround the LED chip(s) 22, reflect light emitted by the LED chips 22 away from the assembly 20, and also to provide mechanical protection for the LED chips 22.One or more wire bond connections 21 may be formed between ohmic contacts on the LED chips 22 and electrical traces 25A, 25B on the holder 23. The LED chips 22 are covered with a transparent encapsulation 26, which may provide mechanical and environmental protection for the chips while also acting as a lens.

[0005] The emissions from a blue LED combined with a yellow or green luminophore material can be near-white in nature and are referred to as "blue-shifted yellow" ("BSY") light or "blue-shifted green" ("BSG") light. Adding a red spectral output from a red-emitting LED (to create a "BSY + R" device) or from a red luminophore material (to create a "BS(Y + R)") can be used to increase the warmth of the combined light output and better approximate light produced by incandescent lamps.

[0006] Quality artificial lighting generally attempts to emulate the characteristics of natural light. Natural light sources include daylight, which has a relatively high color temperature (e.g., approximately 5000 K), and incandescent lamps, which have a lower color temperature (e.g., approximately 2800 K).

[0007] Color reproduction is typically measured using a color rendering index (CRI) or an average color rendering index (CRI Ra). To calculate the CRI, the color rendering of 14 reflective samples is simulated when illuminated by a reference radiation source (illumination source) and the test source. The general or average color rendering index CRI Ra is a modified average using the first eight indices, all of which have low to moderate chromatic saturation (R9 is one of six saturated test colors not used in calculating the CRI, with R9 representing a high red content). The CRI and CRI Ra indices are used to determine how well an artificial light source matches the color rendering of a natural light source at the same correlated color temperature.Daylight has a high CRI Ra (around 100), with incandescent light bulbs being relatively close (with a CRI Ra greater than 95), and fluorescent lighting being less accurate (with typical CRI Ra values ​​of around 70-80).

[0008] The CRI Ra (or CRI) value alone is not an adequate measure of a light source's performance, as it provides little information to predict color discrimination (e.g., distinguishing subtle differences in hue) or color preference. Indeed, humans appear to have a natural preference for lighter colors. Daylight provides a light spectrum that allows the human eye to perceive bright and luminous, or vivid, colors, enabling objects to be distinguished even with subtle differences in color shade. Consequently, it is generally accepted that daylight is the "best" light for emphasizing and distinguishing color. The ability of human vision to distinguish color varies under correlated color temperature conditions that produce the same CRI Ra. Such differentiation is proportional to the color gamut (the color space, or color space).Gamut) of the illuminating light.

[0009] The gamut area of ​​a light source can be calculated as the area enclosed within a polygon defined by the chromaticities in the CIE 1976 u'v' color space of the eight color chips used to calculate CRI Ra when illuminated with a test light source. The Gamut Area Index (GAI) is a convenient way to characterize the chromaticity space—how saturated the illumination makes objects appear—with a larger GAI making object colors appear more saturated. The GAI is a relative number that assigns a value out of 100 to an imaginary equal-energy spectrum (where radiant power is equal at all wavelengths).The GAI for a test source is determined by comparing the color space area of ​​the light being tested with the color space area produced by the imaginary or theoretical source with the equal energy spectrum (EES). Unlike the CRI (Ra), which has a maximum value of 100, the GAI value can exceed 100, meaning that some sources saturate colors more than a constant energy source can saturate colors.

[0010] It has been found that typical blackbody-like light sources and typical daylight-like light sources have different gamut areas. Sources with a low correlated color temperature (CCT) (e.g., incandescent emitters) have a gamut area index of approximately 50% (i.e., approximately half the gamut area of ​​the EES source). Sources with higher CCT values ​​have a larger GAI. For example, a very bluish light with a CCT of 10,000 K may have a GAI of 140%.

[0011] Another way to characterize how saturated a luminaire makes objects appear is a relative gamut area or Q g , which is the area defined by the (A*, B*) coordinates of the 15 test color samples in CIELAB normalized by the gamut area of ​​a reference illuminator at the same CCT and multiplied by 100. Like the GAI, Q gValues ​​exceed 100. Because of chromatic adaptation, and because the CCT is chosen to adjust the overall color tone of an environment as part of the lighting design process, variable reference measures such as Q g be particularly relevant for an applied lighting design. If the relative gamut is larger than that of the reference, and the brightness is lower than that provided by daylight, then an increase in preference and discrimination relative to the reference at the same CCT could be expected. In contrast, if the relative gamut is smaller than the reference, then a decrease in preference and discrimination relative to the reference at the same CCT could be expected.

[0012] The reference spectra used for color rendering index calculations were chosen as ideal illumination sources, defined in terms of their color temperature. When a heated object becomes incandescent, it first glows reddish, then yellowish, then white, and finally bluish. Thus, the apparent colors of incandescent materials are directly related to their actual temperature (in Kelvin (K)). Practical incandescent materials are said to have correlated color temperature (CCT) values, which are directly related to the color temperatures of blackbody sources. The CCT is intended to characterize the apparent "tint" of the illumination (e.g., warm or cool) produced by an electrical light source.Certain implicit assumptions are embedded in this CCT designation—such as the assumption that chromaticities along the blackbody radiation line are perceived as "white," and that a CCT designation for a manufactured light source implies consistency in the chromaticities of all sources that share that designation. However, research suggests that most sources with chromaticities along the blackbody radiation line do not appear "white," so sources provide illumination with a distinguishable tint. An empirically established line of minimum tint in the CIE 1931 (x, y) chromaticity space for CCTs between 2700 K and 6500 K is shown in . Fig. 2. Researchers have shown that a majority of people prefer lighting sources with this “white-body line” (i.e., a line with minimal tint) more than those of the same CCT line of black-body radiation (see, for example, Rea, MS and Freyssinier, JP: White lighting for residential applications, Light Res. Tech., 45(3), pages 331-344 (2013). As in Fig. 2, at CCT values ​​below approximately 4000 K the white body line (BWL) is below the black body curve, whereas at higher CCT values ​​the BWL is above the black body line.

[0013] Rea and Freyssinier have suggested that lighting can generally be improved by ensuring that its CRI Ra value is at least 80, while its GAI is in a range from 80 to 100 (ie from 80% to 100% of a constant energy spectrum).

[0014] The characteristics, including CCT, CRI Ra, GAI, CIA 1931 (x, y) coordinates, luminescence efficiency (Lm / W) and scotopic / photopic (S / P) ratios for 18 different light sources are shown in Fig. 3A, and chromaticities for selected sources of the preceding 18 light sources are shown in Fig. 3B along with the blackbody curve and the BWL (the line of minimum tint) (Source: “Value Metrics for Better Lighting,” Rea, Mark S., et al., 2013, pages 54 & 63, SPIE Press (Bellingham, Washington, US), ISBN 978-0-8194-9322-4). As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3A, the ability of artificial light sources to accurately illuminate colored objects varies enormously depending on the type. Solid-state detectors, such as LEDs, in combination with luminophores, produce white light by mixing relatively narrow wavelength bands along with spectral spacing between the peaks of the LEDs and / or luminophores. The resulting light can be undersaturated or oversaturated with certain colors of the spectrum.One approach to eliminating oversaturation with respect to certain parts of the visible spectrum and thereby improving the CRI involves notch filtering the LED lighting systems with an optical element (e.g., including a rare earth compound such as neodymium oxide or a colored pigment) that filters light emissions such that light passing through or reflecting from the optical element exhibits a spectral notch, as disclosed in U.S. patent application publication number US 2013 / 0 170 199 A1 entitled "LED lighting using spectral notching" (which is incorporated herein by reference). This publication discloses that CRI and GAI values ​​of LED light sources can be improved through the use of notch filtering, thus increasing a CRI from 84 to 90 and increasing a GAI from 50 to 58.Alternatively, careful selection of materials used in LED lighting sources can enable the achievement of CRI Ra values ​​of 90-95 or more, see for example US Patent No. US 7 213 940 B1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0015] The use of notch-filtered light sources (such as widely available General Electric wheel incandescent bulbs) or unfiltered light sources depends on personal preference. Although a majority of observers subjectively prefer notch-filtered light sources to unfiltered sources for general interior lighting, this may not be true for a minority of observers. Additionally, such preference may depend on the object(s) or surfaces to be illuminated and / or the presence or absence of natural light, such as that which may enter an interior space through one or more windows at certain times of the day. When selecting artificial light sources, it is challenging to consider observer-dependent and / or context-dependent preferences.

[0016] US 2013 / 0 020 929 A1, US 7 213 940 B1, and US 2013 / 0 114 242 A1 each also relate to lighting devices with multiple light emitters whose luminous properties can be controlled.

[0017] The state of the art is continually seeking improved solid-state lighting devices that provide desired lighting characteristics and are capable of eliminating the challenges associated with conventional lighting devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present disclosure relates, in various aspects, to lighting devices having a plurality of electrically activated emitters arranged to be operated in a plurality of operating states arranged to have different Gamut Area Index (GAI) values ​​(which differ, for example, by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or by another threshold value disclosed herein) or relative gamut (Qg) values ​​(which differ, for example, by at least 5%, by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or by another threshold value disclosed herein), preferably in conjunction with a small (for example, preferably imperceptible) change in the color point and / or the luminous flux. A first emitter or emitter group (arranged to produce a mixture of light having a first color point) and a second emitter or emitter group (arranged to produce a mixture of light having a second color point) can be arranged separately to produce white light having different gamut area and / or relative gamut values.First and second points satisfy one or more of the following criteria: a proximity of no more than seven MacAdam ellipses on a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram; a color point difference corresponding to a delta u'v' value of no greater than 0.01 on a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram; a correlated color temperature difference of no greater than 2%; and a luminous flux difference of no greater than 2%. In certain aspects, the electrically activated emitters may comprise solid-state emitters, for example light-emitting diodes, optionally arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials. A control circuit may be arranged to adjust operation of one or more emitters of a plurality of emitters to move between two operating states of an illuminating device to vary the gamut of emissions in the illuminating device.Such an adjustment of operation may be responsive to a user input element and / or a sensor. In other words, at least one user input element and a sensor may be arranged to adjust operation of at least one of a first and a second electrically activated emitter to move between at least two operating states. One or more composite color points of an adjustable gamut illuminator may be on or near the blackbody locus or the whitebody line (or line of minimum tint). At least one color point may comprise a desired color rendering value (for example, CRI Ra of at least 50, at least 80, or another value disclosed herein). At least one color point may comprise a GAI (or Q. g) value in a range of 80 to 100, optionally in combination with a CRI Ra value of at least 80. First and second color points can be in a desired range of 2500 K to 5000 K, 2700 K to 4000 K, or any other range disclosed herein. At least one operating condition can be arranged or designed to provide an illuminance or luminescence efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt and / or a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. A tunable gamut illuminator can preferably lack any non-luminophore-converted electrically activated blue solid-state light emitter.

[0019] In one aspect, an illumination device comprises: a first electrically activated emitter; a second electrically activated emitter; and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the first and second electrically activated emitters to move between at least two operating states; wherein a first operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the illumination device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter and that, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of the first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) value;wherein a second operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the illumination device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter and, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of the second operating state having a second GAI value; wherein the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%;and wherein the composite light emissions of the first operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a first color point, and the composite light emissions of the second operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a second color point, and wherein, when plotted on a CRI 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram, the first color point and the second color point differ from each other by a delta u' v' value of no greater than 0.01.;

[0020] In another aspect, a solid-state lighting device comprises a plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters to move between at least two operating states, wherein: a first operating state produces composite light emissions of the first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) value; a second operating state produces composite light emissions of the second operating state having a second gamut area index (GAI) value; the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%;and a first color point produced by the composite light emissions of the first operating state differs from a second color point produced by the composite light emissions of the second operating state by no more than seven MacAdam ellipses on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram;

[0021] In certain aspects, Gamut Area Index (GAI) values ​​given here can be replaced by a relative gamut (Qg).

[0022] In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method comprising illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using a solid-state illumination device as described herein.

[0023] In another aspect, any of the foregoing aspects and / or various separate aspects and features as described herein may be combined for additional benefits. Any of the various features and elements disclosed herein may be combined with one or more other disclosed features and elements, unless indicated to the contrary herein.

[0024] Other aspects, features and embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following disclosure and the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings show: Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a first conventional light-emitting diode array; Fig. 2 an extract of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus and a line of minimum tint (or ‘whitebody line’) extending between CCT values ​​of 2700 K to 6500 K; Fig. Figure 3A shows a diagram with CCT, CRI Ra, GAI, CIE 1931 (x, y) coordinates, illuminant efficacy (Lm / W) and scotopic / photopic (S / P) ratios for 18 different light sources; Fig. Figure 3B is an extract from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT from 2700 K to 6500 K, and (x, y) coordinate plots for selected sources of the chromaticity shown in Fig. 3A represents the 18 light sources listed; Fig. 4 an extract from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus and a line of minimum tint approximated with straight line segments extending between six points Fig. Figure 5 is a black and white CIE 1976 (u'v') chromaticity diagram as modified to include regions with identification of respective colors; Fig. 6 is an extract from a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram illustrating the blackbody locus (BBL) (also known as the Planckian locus) and a closed dashed shape representing potential color points to be output by an illuminator as disclosed herein, the dashed shape representing a region defined by a CCT value in a range from 2500 K to 10,000 K and spanning a Planckian offset Delta u'v' range (i.e., a distance between a point of interest on a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram and the nearest point on the Planckian locus (for example, at the same correlated color temperature)) from negative 0.01 to negative 0.02; Fig. 7A is an excerpt of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody curve”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of nine zones with different values ​​of the gamut area index (GAI), obtained by modeling a first exemplary illuminator having a blue LED (peak wavelength 452 nm) arranged to stimulate emissions of yellow (YAG 108) phosphor, in combination with an orange-red LED (dominant wavelength 619 nm); Fig. Figure 7B is an extract of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or ‘whitebody line’) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic colour temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of nine zones with different ranges of colour rendering index (GAI) obtained by modelling the same illuminant according to Fig. 7A were obtained; Fig. 8A is an excerpt of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody curve”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of nine zones with different values ​​of the gamut area index (GAI), obtained by modeling a second exemplary illuminator with a blue LED (peak wavelength 452 nm) arranged to stimulate emissions of yellow / green (LuAg) phosphor, in combination with an orange-red LED (dominant wavelength 619 nm); Fig. Figure 8B is an extract of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or ‘whitebody line’) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic colour temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of ten zones with different ranges of colour rendering index (CRI Ra) obtained by modelling the same illuminant according to Fig. 8A were obtained; Fig. Figure 8C is an extract of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of eight zones with different ranges of scotopic / photopic (S / P) ratios obtained by modeling the same illuminator according to Fig. 8A-8B were obtained; Fig. 9A-9E in combination a table providing numerical results for the modeling of 151 solid-state lighting devices, each comprising an orange or red LED (Source 1A), a yellow or yellow / green phosphor (Source 2A) and a blue LED (Source 3A) with a device number, CIE 1931 x, y, coordinates of combined emissions, a dominant LED wavelength (dm), a correlated color temperature (cct), an S / P ratio, CRI Ra, R9 color rendering, Color Quality Scale (CQS), Gamut Area Index (GAI), source identifiers, a lumen percentage for each individual source, CIE 1931 x, y coordinates for each individual source, a dominant wavelength (dm) for each individual source, and a peak wavelength (pk) for each individual source; Fig. 10 a table providing values ​​for GAI, CRI Ra, R9 rendering, LEP luminescent efficacy (optical), S / P ratio, lumens per watt, filter lumen loss percent, Du'v' (distance from BBL in the 1976 CIE color space) and neodymium filter density values ​​for four light sources; Fig. 11 shows a GAI as a function of filter density, with an overlaid representation of the CRI Ra, for the three solid-state light sources used in Fig. 10 are summarized; Fig. 12 the gamut area and the color points for each of the four light sources used in Fig. 10, overlaid with an extract from the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus and the line of minimum tint (or whitebody line); Fig. 13 the spectral output (relative intensity) versus wavelength for the four Fig. Figure 10 characterizes light sources, showing the effect of increased neodymium filter concentration on the spectral output; Fig. 14A is a bar chart showing CRI values ​​with results for 14 color chips and the composite CRI Ra value for the second (i.e. unfiltered solid-state) light source used in Fig. 10; Fig. 14B is a bar chart showing CRI values ​​with results for 14 color chips and the composite CRI Ra value for the fourth (i.e. Neo WBL neodymium-filtered) solid-state light source used in Fig. 10; Fig. 15A is a table with numerical results for modeling a solid-state lighting device with an orange (dominant wavelength 606 nm) LED, a blue (dominant wavelength 450 nm) LED, and a green phosphor (P1LuGaAg 4 with a dominant wavelength of 551.8 nm), producing composite emissions with a CCT of 3511 K, a CRI Ra value of 80, and a GAI value of 100; Fig. 15B is an extract from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, part of the line of minimum tint (or whitebody line) and the following details for the LEDs and phosphor of the Fig. 15 A represents: the lines, gamut area and composite color point; Fig. 16A is a table containing numerical results for modeling a solid-state lighting device with an orange-red (dominant wavelength 617 nm) LED, a blue (dominant wavelength 455 nm) LED, and yellow-green phosphor (NYAG 7 with a dominant wavelength of 568.9 nm), producing composite emissions with a CCT of 2999 K, a CRI Ra value of 91, and a GAI value of 83; Fig. 16B is an extract of a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, a portion of the line of minimum tint (or whitebody line) under the following details for the LEDs and phosphor of the Fig. 16A: Tie lines, gamut area and composite color point; Fig. 17A is a top perspective view of a solid-state emitter package having four solid-state emitter chips arranged over a substrate, covered with a hemispherical lens, and connected to electrical traces via wire bonds; Fig. 17B is a bottom view of the solid-state emitter package of the Fig. 17A with four anodes and four cathodes arranged along opposite sides of a substrate and with a thermally conductive contact pad arranged between the anodes and cathodes; Fig. 18A is a schematic view of a first illumination device having first and second solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) arranged on a single submount or substrate; Fig. 18B is a schematic view of a second illumination device having first and second solid-state emitters disposed on a single submount or substrate; Fig. 18C is a schematic view of a third illumination device having a pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a first mounting area and another solid-state emitter arranged in a second mounting area, all arranged on a single submount and / or substrate; Fig. 18D is a schematic view of a fourth illumination device having a pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a first mounting area and another solid-state emitter arranged in a second mounting area, all arranged on a single submount or substrate; Fig. 18E is a schematic view of a fifth illumination device having a first pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a first mounting area and another pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a second mounting area, all arranged on a single submount or substrate; Fig. 18F is a schematic view of a sixth illumination device having a first pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a first mounting area and another pair of solid-state emitters arranged in a second mounting area, all arranged on a single submount or substrate; Fig. 19 shows part of a first control circuit arranged to control several chains of solid-state emitters (for example LEDs); Fig. 20 is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating interconnections between various components of a light emitting device having first and second solid-state emitters (e.g., LED components) arranged in series and at least one control circuit; Fig. 21 is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating interconnections between various components of a light emitting device having first and second solid-state emitters (e.g., LED components) arranged in parallel and at least one control circuit; Fig. 22A is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device having an electrically activated solid-state light emitter (e.g., an LED) and having at least one luminophore dispersed in an encapsulation material disposed over the solid-state light emitter; Fig. 22B is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state illumination device comprising an electrically activated solid-state light emitter (e.g., an LED) and at least one luminophore arranged in one or more layers spatially separated from the solid-state light emitter; Fig. 22C is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a portion of the solid-state lighting device including a plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters (e.g., LEDs) and at least one luminophore distributed in an encapsulation material disposed over the plurality of solid-state light emitters; Fig. 22D is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state illumination device having a plurality of solid-state light emitters (e.g., LEDs) and at least one luminophore arranged in one or more layers spatially separated from the plurality of solid-state light emitters; Fig. 22E is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device having a plurality of solid-state light emitters (e.g., LEDs), including at least one solid-state light emitter having a luminophore material individually applied or coated onto at least one surface of the solid-state light emitter; Fig. 22F is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of the solid-state lighting device having a plurality of solid-state light emitters (e.g., LEDs), each having a luminophore material individually applied or coated onto at least one surface of the respective emitter; Fig. 23A is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including a solid-state emitter chip mounted over a package holder, with a top surface of the emitter chip covered with a wavelength conversion material and a filtering (e.g., notch filtering) material; Fig. 23B is a cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device having the means of Fig. 23A with an addition of a curved (e.g. hemispherical) lens; Fig. 23C is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including a solid-state emitter chip disposed over a package holder, with top and side surfaces of the emitter chip and a top surface of the package holder covered with a wavelength conversion material and a filtering material; Fig. 23D is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including the device of Fig. 23C with an addition of a lens having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape; Fig. 23E is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including a solid-state emitter chip disposed over a package holder, wherein a top surface of the emitter chip is covered with a wavelength conversion material and a filtering material, and wherein side surfaces of the emitter chip and a top surface of the package holder are covered with a filtering material; Fig. 23F is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including the device of Fig. 23E with an addition of a lens with a beveled upper edge with a non-rectangular (polygonal) cross-sectional shape; Fig. 24 is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state illumination emitter including a plurality of solid-state emitter chips coated with a plurality of functional materials and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element; Fig. 25 is a perspective view of at least a portion of a solid-state emitter package including a plurality of solid-state emitter chips coated with one or more functional materials, the chips coupled to electrical traces via wire bonds and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element; Fig. 26 is a side cross-sectional view of a first incandescent lamp arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitter chips as disclosed herein; Fig. 27 is a side cross-sectional view of a second reflector-type incandescent lamp arranged to include at least one emitter chip disclosed herein; Fig. 28 is a side cross-sectional view of a third incandescent lamp arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitter chips as disclosed herein in a tower-like configuration; Fig. 29A is a top perspective view of a troffer-type light fixture arranged to contain a plurality of solid-state emitter chips as disclosed herein; Fig. 29B is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of the light mount of the Fig. 29A; Fig. 30 is a simplified plan view of a light emitting device with multiple LED components and at least one control circuit; Fig. 31 is a graphical representation of radiant flux versus wavelength for a spectral output of a solid-state light emitting device with a superimposed notch-filtered spectral output; Fig. 22 the spectral transmission versus wavelength for an illustrative color pigment material. Fig. 33 is a schematic view of an interior space having a lamp fixture or a lamp body with a plurality of electrically activated emitters as described herein, arranged to illuminate an interior environment; and Fig. 34 a side elevation view of a desk lamp or table lamp having multiple electrically activated emitters as described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] As stated above, the prior art continually seeks solid-state illumination devices that provide desired illumination characteristics. The subject matter disclosed herein relates to illumination devices arranged to provide variable (e.g., adjustable) gamut area index values.

[0027] Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to lighting devices having a plurality of electrically activated emitters arranged to be operated in a plurality of operating states arranged to have different Gamut Area Index (GAI) values ​​(which differ, for example, by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or by another threshold value disclosed herein) or relative gamut (Q g) values ​​(which differ, for example, by at least 5%, by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or by another threshold disclosed herein), preferably in association with a small (for example, preferably imperceptible) change in the color point and / or the luminous flux. First and second points satisfy one or more of the following criteria: a proximity of no more than seven MacAdam ellipses on a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram; a color point difference corresponding to a Delta u'v' value of no greater than 0.01 on a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram; a correlated color temperature difference of no greater than 2%; and a luminous flux difference of no greater than 2%.By changing the gamut area without dramatically changing the color point and / or luminous flux, the color intensity of illuminated surfaces and objects can be adjusted, but in a manner such that an observer does not perceive the adjustment (e.g., through a perceptible change in the color point). As observed by at least some observers in selected contexts, one or more adjustable color points corresponding to one or more of the several operating states can provide light with an aesthetically pleasing character or improved quality relative to conventional light sources.

[0028] In certain embodiments, the relative gamut (Q g ) for the Gamut Area Index (GAI).

[0029] In certain embodiments, one or more electrically activated emitters may comprise solid-state emitters, for example (but not limited to) light-emitting diodes. In certain embodiments, one or more electrically activated emitters may be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials. In certain embodiments, multiple different electrically activated solid-state light emitters may be used, one arranged to stimulate luminophore emissions (but in the absence of any luminophore-converted blue electrically activated emitter, such as an LED arranged to generate emissions with a dominant wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 480 nm with at least one luminophore positioned to receive at least a portion of the LED emissions) to obtain a color point as specified herein.In certain embodiments, multiple luminophore-converted electrically activated solid-state emitters may be used to obtain one or more color points as specified herein.

[0030] In certain embodiments, at least one control circuit may be arranged to adjust operation of one or more emitters of a plurality of emitters to move between two operating states of a lighting device to change the gamut of emissions of the lighting device. In certain embodiments, such adjustment of operation may be responsive to a user input element and / or a sensor. In certain embodiments, one or more composite color points of a gamut-adjustable lighting device may be on or near the blackbody locus or the whitebody line. In certain embodiments, at least one color point may comprise a desired color rendering value (e.g., a CRI Ra of at least 50, at least 80, or another value disclosed herein).In certain embodiments, at least one color point may comprise a GAI value in a range of 80 to 100, optionally in combination with a CRI Ra value of at least 80. In certain embodiments, first and second color points may preferably be in a desired range of 2500 K to 5000 K, 2700 K to 4000 K, or any other range disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, at least one operating condition may be configured to provide a luminescent efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt and / or a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens.

[0031] Unless defined otherwise, the terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure relates. It should be understood that terms used herein should be interpreted to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined herein.

[0032] Although the terms first, second, and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, it should be understood that these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element could be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any or all combinations of one or more of the associated listed details.

[0033] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to cross-sectional, perspective, elevational, and / or plan view illustrations that are illustrations of idealized embodiments of the present disclosure. Deviations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result of, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances are expected, so embodiments of the present disclosure are not intended to be limited to the particular shapes disclosed herein. The present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be understood as limited to the specific embodiments listed herein. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity.In certain drawings, conventional features inherent in LED devices known in the art but not essential to understanding the present disclosure have been omitted to enable a simpler explanation of the inventive subject matter.

[0034] Unless the absence of one or more elements is specifically stated, the terms "comprising", "including" and "comprising", as used herein, should be understood as open terms that do not preclude the presence of one or more elements.

[0035] It should be noted that when an element, such as a layer, region, or substrate, is referred to as being "on" another element, it may be directly on top of the other element or there may be intervening elements. Furthermore, relative terms such as "on," "over," "top," "open," "bottom," or "bottom" may be used herein to describe a relationship between one structure or portion and another structure or portion, as illustrated in the figures, but should be understood that such relative terms contemplate other orientations of the device in addition to the orientation illustrated in the figures.For example, if the setup in the figures is reversed, a structure or section described as being "above" other structures or sections would now be oriented "below" the other structures or sections.

[0036] The terms “solid-state light emitter” or “solid-state emitter” (which may be considered “electrically activated”) may include a light-emitting diode, a laser diode, an organic light-emitting diode, and / or other semiconductor device comprising one or more semiconductor layers, which may include silicon, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, and / or other semiconductor materials, and further comprising a substrate, which may include sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, and / or other microelectronic substrates, and one or more contact layers, which may include vertical and / or other conductive materials.

[0037] Solid-state light-emitting devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, III-V nitride-based LED chips or laser chips fabricated on a silicon, silicon carbide, sapphire, or II-V nitride growth substrate, including (for example) devices manufactured and distributed by Cree Inc. of Durham, NC. Such LEDs and / or lasers may optionally be configured to operate such that light emission occurs through the substrate in a so-called "flip chip" orientation. Such LEDs and / or laser chips may also lack growth substrates (for example, following the removal of a growth substrate).

[0038] LED chips usable with lighting devices as disclosed herein may include horizontal devices (where both electrical contacts are on the same side of the LED) and / or vertical devices (where the electrical contacts are on opposite sides of the LEDs). A horizontal device (with or without the growth substrate) may be connected, for example, via a flip-chip bond (e.g., using solder) to a support substrate or printed circuit board (PCB) or via a wire bond. A vertical device (with or without the growth substrate) may have a first terminal bonded via solder to a support substrate, a lead pad, or a printed circuit board (PCB), and may have a second terminal connected (bonded) to the support substrate, the electrical element, or the PCB via a wire.Although certain embodiments shown in the figures may be suitable for use with vertical LEDs, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not so limited, and any combination of one or more of the following LED configurations may be used in a single solid-state light emitting device: horizontal LED chips, horizontal flip LED chips, vertical LED chips, vertical flip LED chips, and / or combinations thereof, with conventional or reverse polarity. Examples of vertical and horizontal LED chip structures are discussed, by way of example, in U.S. Publication No. 2008 / 0258130 to Bergmann et al. and U.S. Patent No. 7,791,061 to Edmond et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0039] Solid-state light emitters can be used individually or in groups to emit one or more beams, to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials (e.g., phosphors, scintillators, luminophore dyes, quantum dots, daylight ribbons) to produce light at one or more peak wavelengths or of at least one desired perceived color (including combinations of colors that can be perceived as white). Luminophore materials can be provided in the form of particles, films, or layers.

[0040] Incorporation of luminophores (generally referred to as "luminescent") in lighting devices as described herein may be achieved by any suitable means, including: direct coating of the solid-state emitters; dissolution or dispersion in encapsulating materials arranged to cover solid-state emitters; coating of luminophore support elements (for example, by powder coating, inkjet printing, or the like); incorporation into diffusers or lenses; and the like. Examples of luminophore materials are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,600,175, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0184616, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0306355, and methods for coating light-emitting elements with phosphors are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.Patent application number 2008 / 0179611, which publications are incorporated herein by reference. Other materials, such as light-scattering elements (e.g., particles) and / or index-matching materials, may be associated with an element or surface containing a luminophore material. One or more luminophore materials usable in devices as described herein may be downconverting or upconverting, or may comprise a combination of both types.

[0041] In certain embodiments, at least one luminophore material may be spatially separated ("remote") from at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter and arranged to receive emissions therefrom, such spatial separation reducing thermal coupling between a solid-state emitter and a luminophore material. In certain embodiments, a spatially separated luminophore may be arranged to completely cover one or more electrically activated emitters of a lighting device. In certain embodiments, a spatially separated luminophore may be arranged to cover only a portion or a subset of one or more of the electrically activated emitters.

[0042] In certain embodiments, at least one luminophore material can be arranged with a substantially constant thickness and / or concentration relative to different electrically activated emitters. In certain embodiments, one or more luminophore materials can be arranged with a presence, thickness, and / or concentration that varies relative to different emitters. Multiple luminophore (e.g., luminophore with different compositions) can be applied with different concentrations and thicknesses relative to different electrically activated emitters. In one embodiment, the presence of luminophore, composition, thickness, and / or concentration thereof can vary relative to multiple electrically activated emitters.In a particular embodiment, at least one luminophore material may be applied to a solid-state emitter or luminophore material support surface by patterning as assisted by one or more masks.

[0043] Various substrates can be used as mounting elements on, in, or over which multiple solid-state light emitters (e.g., emitter chips) can be arranged or held (e.g., mounted). Example substrates include printed circuit boards (including, but not limited to, metal-core printed circuit boards, flexible circuit boards, dielectric laminates, and the like) having electrical traces disposed on one or more surfaces thereof.A substrate, mounting plate, or other support member may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB), a metal-core printed circuit board (MPCB), a flexible circuit board, a dielectric laminate (e.g., FR-4 boards as known in the art), or any other suitable substrate for mounting LED chips and / or LED packages (arrays). In certain embodiments, at least a portion of a substrate may comprise a dielectric material to provide desired electrical isolation between electrical traces and components of multiple LED sets. In certain embodiments, a substrate may comprise a ceramic, such as alumina (aluminum oxide), aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, or a polymeric material, such as polyimide, polyester, and so on.In certain embodiments, a substrate may comprise a flexible circuit board or a circuit board with plastically deformable portions to allow the substrate to assume a non-planar (e.g., bent) or curved shape to enable directional light emission with LED chips of one or more LED components also arranged in a non-planar manner.

[0044] In certain embodiments, one or more LED components may include one or more chip-on-board (COB) LED chips and / or packaged LED chips that may be electrically coupled or connected to each other in series or parallel and mounted on a portion of a substrate. In certain embodiments, COB LED chips may be mounted directly on portions of the substrate without the need for additional packaging.

[0045] Certain embodiments may include the use of solid-state emitter packages. A solid-state emitter package may include at least one solid-state emitter chip (more preferably, multiple solid-state emitter chips) enclosed with packaging elements to provide environmental protection, mechanical protection, color selection, and / or light focusing capability, as well as electrical leads, contacts, and / or traces enabling electrical connection to external circuitry. One or more emitter chips may be arranged to stimulate one or more luminophore materials that are layered, disposed over, or otherwise applied in light-receiving relationship to one or more solid-state emitters.At least one luminophore material may be arranged to receive emissions from at least some of a plurality of solid-state light emitters and to emit luminophore emissions in response thereto. A lens and / or an encapsulation material, optionally containing a luminophore material, may be arranged over solid-state emitters, luminophore materials, and / or luminophore-containing layers in a solid-state emitter package.

[0046] In certain embodiments, a light emitting device as disclosed herein (whether or not comprising one or more LED packages) may include at least one of the following aspects arranged to receive light from multiple LEDs: a single lead frame arranged to supply electrical energy to the plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters; a single reflector arranged to reflect at least a portion of light emanating from the plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters; and a single mount or attachment member holding the plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters; a single lens arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light emanating from the plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters;and a single diffuser arranged to scatter at least a portion of the light emanating from the plurality of electrically activated solid-state light emitters. In certain embodiments, a light emitting device having multiple LEDs may include one or more of the following aspects arranged to receive light from multiple LEDs: multiple lenses, multiple optical elements, and multiple reflectors.

[0047] Examples of optical elements include, but are not limited to, elements arranged to affect light mixing, focusing, collimation, scattering, and / or beam shaping.

[0048] In certain embodiments, a package with multiple solid-state emitters may include multiple block-attach pads, with a single block-attach pad supporting each separately controllable solid-state emitter or separately controllable group of solid-state emitters. A package with multiple solid-state emitters may include a single lens (e.g., a molded lens) arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light emanating from each solid-state emitter. In certain embodiments, a molded lens may be arranged in direct contact with LED chips, block-attach pads, other electrical elements, and / or exposed insulating material along a top surface of a substrate comprising insulating material.In certain embodiments, a lens may be textured or faceted to enhance light extraction, and / or a lens may contain or have layered various materials such as luminophores and / or scattering particles.

[0049] In certain embodiments, a package may include a molded lens arranged to transmit light emitted by a plurality of LEDs.

[0050] As known in the art, an injection mold or a mold having one or more cavities may be disposed over a substrate (or a sheet of substrate material from which multiple substrates may be individually separated by sawing or other means) and LED chips disposed thereon, wherein the injection mold comprises a lens material and / or an encapsulant in liquid form. In certain embodiments, a lens may be formed from a liquid curable silicone, and LED chips may be embedded in the liquid silicone, which is subsequently cured to form one or more lenses. Alternatively, a lens may be preformed and then attached (for example, with adhesives, thermal bonding, or any other suitable bonding method) to a substructure including a substrate to which or over which multiple LED chips are mounted.

[0051] The terms "illumination device," "light-emitting device," and "light-emitting apparatus," as used herein, are not limiting, except that such elements are capable of emitting light. That is, a lighting device or a light-emitting device may be a device that illuminates a surface or volume, respectively.illuminates, for example, a structure, a swimming pool or spa, a room, a department store, a turn signal, a street, a parking lot, a vehicle, a sign, for example, a traffic sign, a billboard, a ship, a toy, a mirror, a vehicle, an electronic device, a boat, an aircraft, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cellular phone, a tree, a window, an LCD display, a cave, a tunnel, a courtyard, a lamppost, or a device or field of devices that illuminates a facility, or a device that provides edge or back lighting (for example, for a backlit post, signage, LCD displays), incandescent lamps, lamp replacements (for example, for replacing AC incandescent lamps, low voltage lights, fluorescent lights, etc.), outdoor lighting, street lighting, security lighting, exterior residential lighting (wall mounts, post / column mounts), ceiling fixtures / sconces, and compartment lighting, lamps (floor and / or table and / or desk), landscape lighting, track lighting, task lighting, specialty lighting, ceiling fan lighting, archive / art display lighting, high vibration / high impact task lights, etc., mirror / vanity lights, and other light-emitting devices. A lighted area may be at least one area or volume of the foregoing. In certain embodiments, lighting devices or light-emitting devices as disclosed herein may be equipped with their own ballast. In some embodiments, a light-emitting device may be embodied in a light fixture.

[0052] In certain embodiments, a solid-state illumination device lacks any glowing light-appearing element. In certain embodiments, a solid-state illumination device lacks any "unconverted" blue-emitting solid-state emitter that is not arranged to stimulate emissions of a luminophore material.

[0053] Methods include illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using one or more lighting devices or light-emitting devices as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a lighting device as disclosed herein comprises a plurality of LED components arranged in an array (e.g., a two-dimensional array).

[0054] In certain embodiments, lighting devices as disclosed herein may utilize a notch filtering material arranged to at least partially prevent light transmission. Such a notch filtering material may be used to influence (e.g., improve) the GAI and / or the CRI Ra.

[0055] The term "notch filtering material" refers to a material that influences the passage of light to cause light emerging from the material to exhibit a spectral notch. A spectral notch is a portion of the color spectrum where the light is attenuated, forming a "notch" when light intensity is plotted against wavelength. Examples of notch filtering materials include noble earth materials and lanthanide materials, such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium, as well as oxides thereof (e.g., neodymium oxide). Different noble earth components can exhibit notch filtering characteristics with different wavelength ranges.For example, neodymium (or an oxide thereof), when used as a filtering material, can produce a spectral notch in the yellow region, whereas erbium (or an oxide thereof), when used as a filtering material, can produce a spectral notch in the cyan (blue-green) region. Additional notch filtering materials include color pigments. As with the use of precious earth components, the use of color pigments can produce notch filtering properties in either transmissive or reflective applications. In many cases, color pigments can provide characteristics with a softer spectral notch (with a gradually sloping wavelength attenuation) relative to other notch filtering materials. An example of a color pigment can include an ultramarine pigment based on CoAl2O4, which provides peak attenuation at a wavelength of approximately 580 nm.A cobalt blue pigment of a similar composition could also be used. Other color pigments based on CuSO4 or NiCl2 could also be used. A variety of natural and synthetic pigments are available and could be used as notch filtering materials according to the particular embodiments disclosed herein. Notch filters can also be fabricated by depositing one or more dielectric layers (e.g., to form dielectric stacks) on substrates, such as filters commercially available from Thorlabs Inc. (Newton, New Jersey, US) and having the following center wavelength (CWL) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) characteristics: CWL = 488 nm, FWHM = 15 nm; CWL = 514 nm, FWHM = 17 nm; CWL = 533 nm, FWHM = 17 nm; CWL = 561 nm, FWHM = 18 nm; CWL = 594 nm, FWHM = 23 nm; 631nm, FWHM = 25nm; and CWL = 658 nm, FWHM is 26 nm.

[0056] In certain embodiments utilizing one or more notch filtering materials, a spectral notch provided by at least one filtering material may have a half-width in a range of less than or equal to 40 nm, or less than or equal to 35 nm, or less than or equal to 30 nm, or less than or equal to 25 nm, or less than or equal to 20 nm, in each case corresponding to a half-maximum relative reduction in light transmission. In certain embodiments utilizing one or more notch filtering materials, at least one filtering material may be arranged to filter light within (or overlapping with) the yellow-green range or the yellow range, so as to provide peak attenuation in a range of 550 nm to 590 nm or 570 nm to 590 nm.

[0057] In embodiments employing notch filtering materials, such materials may be provided as microparticles or nanoparticles having any desired size, size distribution, and geometric shape. In certain embodiments, multiple notch filtering materials may be mixed or incorporated into a carrier material or binder, or multiple notch filtering materials may be used in combination in another manner (e.g., in sequential layers, with or without a binding medium) to provide multiple spectral notches. In certain embodiments, notch filtering materials may be disposed in or on at least one partially light-transmitting optical element or enclosure, which may serve as a lens and / or a diffuser.Examples of desirable materials for supports, bonding media, enclosures, and / or optical elements include (but are not limited to) silicone, resin, epoxy, thermoplastic polycondensate, polymeric materials, and glass. In certain embodiments, such materials may be molded (e.g., via injection molding) and / or cured along with at least one notch filtering material. In certain embodiments, a lighting fixture may include one or more transmissive optical elements and / or reflective optical elements including at least one notch filtering material. For example, a so-called "troffer" style ceiling fixture may include a reflector serving as an optical element and may additionally include optical elements such as glass plates or lenses.

[0058] In certain embodiments utilizing notch filtering materials, at least one filtering material (e.g., a notch filtering material) may be disposed with a substantially constant thickness and / or concentration relative to different electrically activated emitters (e.g., solid-state emitters such as LEDs). In certain embodiments, one or more filtering materials may be disposed on or over at least one solid-state emitter (optionally with an intervening luminophore material) with a presence, composition, thickness, and / or concentration that differs for different emitters. Multiple filtering materials (e.g., filtering materials with different compositions and arranged to provide spectral notches at different wavelengths) may be applied to one or more electrically activated emitters.In certain embodiments, at least one filtering material may be deposited over one or more solid-state light emitters, or over a support surface (such as a lens, diffuser, reflector, etc.), using a patterning technique, as supported by one or more masks. In certain embodiments, one or more notch filtering materials may be integrated with or disposed in contact with one or more portions of the semiconductor emitter package.

[0059] In certain embodiments utilizing notch filtering materials, one or more notch filtering materials may be blended with one or more other functional materials (e.g., luminophore materials, scattering materials, and the like) and preferably incorporated into a binder or other support medium. In certain embodiments, at least one filtering material may be disposed in or on a support disposed on or above a plurality of solid-state light emitters.

[0060] In certain embodiments utilizing notch filtering materials, notch filtering materials may be disposed in or on a reflector, which may be either specularly reflective or diffusely reflective. Any suitable reflective material in the art may be used, including (but not limited to) MCPET (foamed white polyethylene terephthalate) and surfaces metallized with one or more metals, such as (but not limited to) silver (e.g., a silvered surface). A preferred light-reflective material would be approximately at least 90% reflective, more preferably at least about 95% reflective, and even more preferably at least about 98-99% reflective for light of a desired wavelength range, such as one or more of visible light, ultraviolet light, and / or infrared light, or subsets thereof.In certain embodiments, at least one notch filtering material may be applied to a surface of a reflector by spray coating, spin coating, sputtering, dipping, rolling, electrostatic deposition, or electrophoretic deposition. In certain embodiments, at least one notch filtering material may be incorporated into a surface of a reflector via processes such as injection molding or sintering.

[0061] In certain embodiments that utilize notch filtering materials, one or more notch filtering materials may be layered or otherwise disposed on, over, or against at least one surface of one or more solid-state emitter chips. In certain embodiments, one or more notch filtering materials may be layered or otherwise disposed on, over, or against at least one surface of at least one luminophore material, where the at least one luminophore material may be disposed in direct contact with at least one surface of a solid-state emitter chip, or disposed remotely (i.e., spatially separated) from at least one surface of a solid-state emitter chip. In certain embodiments, one or more notch filtering materials may be conformally orconformally coated onto the surface of at least one solid-state emitter chip and / or a luminophore material, wherein a conformal coating in this respect refers to a coating that follows the shape and contour of at least one surface (or preferably several surfaces) of a chip with a substantially uniform thickness.

[0062] Parameters such as the type or composition of the support or binding medium; the thickness, concentration, particle size, and particle size distribution of a notch filtering material(s); and the presence, amount, and type of other trace substances included with one or more notch filtering elements can be adjusted to provide one or more spectral notches of a desired width and / or depth.

[0063] As mentioned above, one or more composite color points of an adjustable-gamut illuminator may be on or near (e.g., within seven MacAdam ellipses, within five MacAdam ellipses, within four MacAdam ellipses, or within two MacAdam ellipses) the blackbody locus (or Planckian locus) in certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, a first composite color point associated with a first operating condition and a second color point associated with a second operating condition may both be on or near (e.g., seven MacAdam ellipses, within five MacAdam ellipses, within four MacAdam ellipses, or within two MacAdam ellipses) a Planckian locus, which may be defined on a CIE 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram.Any of the above color points can be in one or more of the following CCT ranges: from 2500 K to 10,000 K, from 2500 K to 4000 K, from 2500 K to 3500 K, from 2500 K to 3000 K, from 2700 K to 5000 K, from 2700 K to 4100 K, from 2700 K to 4000 K, from 4100 K to 10,000 K, from 4100 K to 8000 K, and from 4100 K to 6500 K.

[0064] In certain embodiments, one or more composite color points of an adjustable gamut illuminator may be on or near (e.g., seven MacAdam ellipses, within five MacAdam ellipses, within four MacAdam ellipses, or within two MacAdam ellipses) the white body line (a / k / a, the white body locus, or the line of minimum tint). The white body line can be approximated by a line with segments defined with the following x, y coordinates on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.3114, 0.3386) to (0.3462, 0.3631), (0.3462, 0.3631) to (0.3777, 0.3790), (0.3777, 0.3790) to (0.3977, 0.3707), (0.3977, 0.3707) to (0.4211, 0.3713), and (0.4211, 0.3713) to (0.4437, 0.3808). Such segments are in Fig. 4 to form a composite white-body line. In certain embodiments, a first composite color point associated with a first operating condition and a second color point associated with a second operating condition may both be on or near (e.g., seven MacAdam ellipses, within five MacAdam ellipses, within four MacAdam ellipses, or within two MacAdam ellipses) the white-body line. Any of the above color points can be in one or more of the following CCT ranges: from 2500 K to 10,000 K, from 2500 to 4000 K, from 2500 K to 4000 K, from 2500 K to 3500 K, from 2500 K to 3000 K, from 2700 K to 5000 K, from 2700 K to 4100 K, from 2700 K to 4000 K, from 4100 K to 10,000 K, from 4100 K to 8000 K and from 4100 K to 6500 K.

[0065] In certain embodiments, at least one color point obtainable with at least one operating state of the variable-gamut illumination device does not coincide with the blackbody locus, but coincides with the whitebody line. In certain embodiments, the resulting color point does not coincide with both the blackbody locus and the whitebody locus.

[0066] In certain embodiments, multiple (e.g., first and second; first to third; first to fourth, or any other suitable number) color points of a tunable gamut illuminator provide a small (e.g., preferably imperceptible) change in the color point and / or luminous flux so as to satisfy one, several, or all of the following conditions: a proximity of no more than seven (no more than five or four) MacAdam ellipses on a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram; a color point difference corresponding to a delta u'v' value of no greater than 0.01 (or no greater than 0.007 or 0.005) on a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram; a correlated color temperature difference of no greater than 2%; and a luminous flux difference of no greater than 2%. The term "delta u'v'" in this context refers to a distance between two color points in the CIE 1976 color space.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the light mixture produced by a lighting device according to at least one operating state (and preferably all operating states) has a luminescence efficiency in at least one of the following lumens per watt ranges: at least 60, at least 80, at least 100, at least 120, or at least 140. In certain embodiments, the light mixture produced by a lighting device according to at least one operating state (or preferably all operating states) has a GAI (or Q g ) value of at least 50 and a CRI Ra value of at least 50, wherein the above ranges are optionally limited by 70, 80, 90 or 100 at the upper end. In certain embodiments, the light mixture generated by a lighting device according to at least one operating state (and preferably all operating states) has a GAI (or C g) value in a range of 80 to 100, in conjunction with a CRI Ra value of at least 80 (optionally delimited at the upper end by a CRI Ra value of 90, 92, 94 or 96).

[0068] In certain embodiments, a lighting device may include a first electrically activated emitter; a second electrically activated emitter; and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the first and second electrically activated emitters to move between at least two operating states; wherein a first operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the lighting device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter and, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of the first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) value;wherein a second operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the illumination device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter, and which, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of the second operating state having a second GAI value; wherein the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%;and wherein the composite light emissions of the first operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a first color point, and the composite light emissions of the second operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a second color point, and wherein, when plotted on a CIE 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram, the first color point and the second color point differ from each other by a delta u'v' value of no greater than 0.01. In certain embodiments, the relative gamut (Q; g ) for the Gamut Area Index (GAI). In such a case, a change of 5% Q geasily distinguishable. In certain embodiments, each of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter may comprise a solid-state light emitter (such as an LED). In certain embodiments, one or more of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter (and optionally any of the foregoing emitters) may comprise at least one light-emitting diode and at least one luminophore arranged to receive and be stimulated by at least a portion of emissions from the at least one light-emitting diode and to emit luminophore emissions in response thereto.In certain embodiments, one or more of the following conditions may be met: the first color point and the second color point differ in correlated color temperature by an amount not greater than 2% relative to each other; the combined light emissions of the first operating state and the combined light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount not greater than 2%. In certain embodiments, the second GAI value may differ from the first GAI value by at least 15%, or by at least 20%. If Q. g for the GAI, then the second Q g Value of the first Q gValue by at least 5%, by at least 10%, by at least 15%, by at least 20%, or any other threshold disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, one or more of the following conditions may be met: at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and / or the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminescence efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. In certain embodiments, at least the first color point and / or the second color point is on or near the white body line, with such proximity as defined herein.In certain embodiments, at least one of the first color point and the second color point is on or near the blackbody (Planckian) locus. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first color point and the second color point comprises a CRI R of at least 80, a GAI (or Q g ) value in a range of 80 to 100, or a CRI Ra value of at least 80 in conjunction with a GAI (or Q g) Value in a range of 80 to 100. In certain embodiments, the foregoing conditions can be achieved when each of the first color point and the second color point comprises a desired CCT, such as in a range of 2500 K to 5000 K, or in a range of 2700 K to 4000 K. In certain embodiments, a lighting device may lack any luminophore-converted blue electrically activated emitter (such as an LED arranged to produce emissions having a dominant wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 480 nm with at least one luminophore positioned to receive at least a portion of the LED emissions). In certain embodiments, the lighting device may embody a solid-state emitter package and / or include one or more features associated with solid-state packages disclosed herein.In certain embodiments, a luminaire or a luminaire socket may include a lighting device as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a method includes illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using a lighting device as disclosed herein.

[0069] In certain embodiments, a solid-state lighting device may comprise a plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters to move between at least two operating states, wherein: a first operating state comprises composite light emissions of the first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) or Q gvalue; a second operating state composite light emissions of a second operating state with a second gamut area index (GAI) or Q g value; the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10% or another threshold disclosed herein (or alternatively, the second Q g Value of the first Q gvalue by at least 5% or another threshold disclosed herein); and a first color point produced by the composite light emissions of the first operating state differs from a second color point produced by the composite light emissions of the second operating state by no more than seven MacAdam ellipses (or optionally within five or four MacAdam ellipses) on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. In certain embodiments, at least one emitter (and optionally each of the foregoing emitters) may comprise at least one LED and at least one luminophore arranged to receive and be stimulated by at least a portion of emissions from the at least one LED and to emit luminophore emissions in response thereto.In certain embodiments, one or more of the following conditions may be met: the first color point and the second color point differ in correlated color temperature by an amount no greater than 2% relative to each other; and the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount no greater than 2%. In certain embodiments, the second GAI value may differ from the first GAI value by at least 15%, or by at least 20%. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the second Q. g Value of the first Q gValue by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or by at least 20%. In certain embodiments, one or more of the following conditions may be met: at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprising a luminescence efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first color point and the second color point is on or near the white body line, with such proximity as defined herein. In certain embodiments, at least one of the first color point and the second color point is on or near the black body (Planckian) locus.In certain embodiments, at least one of the first color point and the second color point comprises a CRI Ra of at least 80, a GAI (or Q. g ) value in a range of 80 to 800, or a CRI Ra value of at least 80 in conjunction with a GAI (or Q g) Value in a range of 80 to 100. In certain embodiments, the foregoing conditions can be achieved when each of the first color point and the second color point comprises a desired CCT, such as in a range of 2500 K to 5000 K in a range of 2700 K to 4000 K. In certain embodiments, a lighting device may lack any luminophore-converted blue electrically activated emitter (such as an LED arranged to produce emissions having a dominant wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 480 nm with at least one luminophore positioned to receive at least a portion of the LED emissions). In certain embodiments, the lighting device may embody a solid-state emitter package and / or include one or more features associated with the solid-state packages disclosed herein.In certain embodiments, a light bulb or light fixture may include a lighting device as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a method includes illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using a lighting device as disclosed herein.

[0070] Various features and embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Fig. Figure 6 is an excerpt from a CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram illustrating the blackbody locus (BBL) and a closed dashed shape (enclosing a region 70 that is below the BBL) representing potential color points to be output by an illuminator as disclosed herein, the dashed shape representing a region defined with a CCT value in a range from 2500 K to 10,000 K and spanning a Planckian offset delta u'v' range of negative 0.01 to negative 0.02. CCT lines for selected values ​​are additionally shown (i.e., spanning Planckian offset delta u'v' values ​​of approximately ±0.05). The region 70 is bounded from above by a curve 71 (representing Planckian offset delta u'v' values ​​of negative 0.01), and from the left by a line 73 corresponding to a CCT value of 10.000 K, from the right by a line 74 corresponding to a CCT value of 2500 K, and from below by a curve 72 (representing Planckian offset Delta u'v' values ​​of negative 0.02). . Fig. Figure 6 shows two color points 36, 37 of a hypothetical lighting device (not shown), wherein the points both have a CCT of 3000 K while differing from each other by a Delta u'v' value of no greater than 0.01.

[0072] Fig. 7A-7B graphically show GAI and CRI Ra values, respectively, obtained by modeling a first exemplary illuminator having a blue LED (452 ​​nm peak wavelength) arranged to stimulate emissions from a yellow (YAG 108) phosphor in combination with an orange-red LED (dominant wavelength 619 nm), wherein the illuminator lacks any notch filtering material. In particular, Fig. Figure 7A is an excerpt from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (also referred to as the "whitebody line" or "WBL") extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of 9 zones (i.e., zones I to IX) with different ranges of the gamut area index (GAI) obtained by such modeling. In Fig. 7A, zone V is particularly interesting because it corresponds to a preferred range of GAI values ​​of 80-100 and further includes a portion of the white body line (WBL) in a range of certain desirable CCT values ​​below 4000 K (such a range of WBL being below the black body locus). Fig. Figure 7B is an extract of a CIE1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT values ​​of 2700-6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of 10 zones (i.e., zones I to X) with different ranges of color rendering index (CRI Ra) obtained by modeling the same illuminant according to Fig. 7A, shows. In Fig. 7B, Zone I (corresponding to CRI Ra values ​​of 90-100) and Zone II (corresponding to CRI Ra values ​​of 80-90) are particularly interesting, since the indicated ranges are suitable for general illumination and include the white body line (WBL) in a range of desirable CCT values ​​below 4000 K (where such a range of WBL is below the black body locus). Fig. 7A-7B, in combination, demonstrate that a first solid-state lighting device having a phosphor-converted blue primary LED and an additional orange / red LED can simultaneously achieve the preferred combination of CRI Ra≥80 (or CRI Ra≥90) and 80≤GAI≤100. Such a condition is achieved in combination with a high luminescence efficiency (e.g., at least 60 LPW (lumens per watt), at least 80 LPW, at least 100 LPW (or up to 120 LPW or more)) without using the notch filtering material.

[0073] Fig. 7A-7B, in combination, demonstrate that emitters or groups of emitters can be used to achieve color dots with different GAI and CRI Ra characteristics. When multiple emitters or groups of emitters arranged to produce color dots with different GAI characteristics are provided in a single lighting device, and such emitters or groups of emitters are separately controllable, the resulting lighting device can be operated in accordance with multiple operating states arranged to produce different GAI values.

[0074] The Fig. 8A-8C graphically show GAI, CRI Ra, and S / P ratio values, each obtained by modeling a second exemplary device comprising a blue LED (peak wavelength 452 nm) arranged to stimulate emissions from a yellow / green (LU AG) phosphor in combination with an orange-red (dominant wavelength 619 nm) LED. In particular, Fig. Figure 6A is an excerpt from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of nine zones with different ranges of the gamut area index (GAI) obtained by such modeling. In Fig. 8A, Zone V is particularly interesting because it corresponds to a preferred range of GAI values ​​of 80-100 and further encompasses most of the white body line (WBL) (including numerous values ​​in a range of desirable specific CCT values ​​below 4000 K under the black body locus). Fig. Figure 8B is an extract from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 K to 6500 K, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of 10 zones with different ranges of color rendering index (CRI Ra) obtained by modeling the same illuminant according to Fig. 6A. In Fig. 6B, Zone I (corresponding to CRI Ra values ​​of 90-100) and Zone II (corresponding to CRI Ra values ​​of 80-90) are of particular interest since the specified ranges are suitable for general illumination and encompass the white body line (WBL) in a range of desirable CCT values ​​below 4000 K (where such range of WBL is below the black body locus). Fig. Figure 8C is an excerpt from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, the line of minimum tint (or “whitebody line”) extending between CCT values ​​from 2700 Ka to 6500 Ka, periodic color temperature lines intersecting the blackbody locus, and graphical representations of 8 zones with different ranges of a scotopic / photopic (S / P) ratio obtained by modeling the same illuminant. Fig. 8C, Zone V (corresponding to S / P ratio values ​​in the range of 1.5-2) is of particular interest, as it includes the WBL for all CCT values ​​below approximately 4000 K. The Fig. 8A-8B, in combination, demonstrate that a second solid-state lighting device with a phosphor-converted blue primary LED and an additional orange / red LED simultaneously achieves the preferred combination of CRI Ra ≥80 (or CRI Ra ≥90) and 80≤GAI≤100. Such a condition is achieved in combination with an increased S / P ratio and a high luminescence efficiency (e.g., at least 60 LPW, at least 80 LPW, at least 100 LPW (or up to 120 LPW or more)) without the use of a notch filtering material.

[0075] Fig. 7A-7B and Fig. 8A-8B show that emitters or groups of emitters can be used to achieve color dots with different GAI and CRI Ra characteristics. When multiple emitters or groups of emitters arranged to produce color dots with different GAI characteristics are provided in a single lighting device, and such emitters or groups of emitters are separately controllable, the resulting lighting device can be operated according to multiple operating states arranged to produce different GAI values.

[0076] The Fig. 9A-9E, in combination, show a table providing numerical results for a modeling of 151 solid-state lighting fixtures, each with an orange or red LED (Source 1a), a yellow or yellow / green phosphor (Source 2a), and a blue LED (Source 3a), including a fixture number, CIE 1931 x, y coordinates of combined emissions, the dominant LED wavelength (dm), the correlated color temperature (CCT), the S / P ratio, CRI Ra, R9 color rendering, the color quality scale (CQS), the gamut area index (DAI), source identifiers, a percentage lumen contribution for each individual source, CIE 1931 x, y coordinates for each individual source, the dominant wavelength (dm) for each individual source, and the peak wavelength (pk) for each individual source. As shown in the last 6 columns of the Fig. 9A-9E, source 1a comprises sources with dominant wavelengths in a range of 613 nm to 623 nm and peak wavelengths in a range of 620 nm to 632 nm; source 2a comprises sources with dominant wavelengths in a range of 558 nm to 569 nm and peak wavelengths in a range of 532 nm to 541 nm; and source 3a comprises sources with dominant wavelengths in a range of 447 nm to 470 nm and peak wavelengths in a range of 440 nm to 465 nm. The fourth to tenth columns of the Fig. Figures 9A-9E show that for each device, composite emissions (representing the combination of sources 1a, 2a, and 3a) include a dominant wavelength in the range of 583 nm to 605 nm, a CCT in the range of 3879 K to 2125 K, an S / P ratio in the range of 1.12-2.02, a CRI Ra in the range of 80-95, an R9 (R9 color rendering index) in the range of 16-98, a color quality scale in the range of 71-93, and a GAI in the range of 80-100. Lamps with a high R9 color rendering index are desirable for vividly rendering reddish colors.In certain embodiments, at least one operating state (and preferably a plurality of operating states) of a variable gamut lighting device as disclosed herein may comprise an R9 color rendering index in a range of preferably at least 80, more preferably at least 85, even more preferably at least 90, and even more preferably at least 95, in conjunction with a CRI RA in a range of preferably at least 80, more preferably at least 90, in combination with a CRI value in a range of 80-100.

[0077] In certain embodiments, one or more electrically activated emitters of a lighting device as disclosed herein may include at least one notch filtering material arranged to filter at least a portion of emissions from the emitter(s) to exhibit a spectral notch. In certain embodiments, a notch-filtered light-emitting element may exhibit an increased gamut relative to a non-filtered light-emitting element.When multiple emitters or groups of emitters arranged to produce color points with different GAI characteristics (for example, such different presence, concentration, and / or amount of notch filtering materials) are provided in a single illumination device, and such emitters or groups of emitters are separately controllable, the resulting illumination device can be operated in accordance with multiple operating states arranged to produce different GAI values.

[0078] To demonstrate results of adding different amounts of notch filtering material to a notch filter device, Fig. 10 modeling results are provided showing the GAI, CRI Ra, R9 rendering, LEP luminescent efficacy (optical), S / P ratio, lumens per watt, filter lumen loss percent, Du' v' (distance from BBL in a 1976 CEI color space), and neodymium filter density values ​​for four light sources - namely, an incandescent source (second column), a blue-shifted (yellow plus red) or "BS(Y + R)" phosphor-converted LED source (third column), a lightly neodymium oxide-filtered BS(Y + R) phosphor-converted LED source with high CRI (fourth column), and a line close to a white body, more heavily neodymium oxide-filtered BS(Y + R) phosphor-converted LED (or "Neo WBL Nd filtered BS(Y + R)") source (fifth column).Each BS (Y + R) source comprised a blue LED with a dominant wavelength of 457 nm (1% of the device's total lumen output) arranged to stimulate emissions from two phosphors - namely, a cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) or "YAG" 108 yellow phosphor with a dominant wavelength of 570 nm (69.2% of the device's total lumen output) and a CaAlSiN3 ('CASN') based red phosphor with a dominant wavelength of 600 nm (29.8% of the device's total lumen output).

[0079] Comparing the incandescent and unfiltered BS (Y + R) solid-state sources, both exhibit GAI values ​​of 49%, while the incandescent source exhibits a better CRI Ra (100 versus 81), the incandescent source has a higher S / P ratio, and the solid-state source has a higher luminescence efficiency. Both sources are on the blackbody locus with Du'v' values ​​of zero.

[0080] Comparing the unfiltered BS(Y+R) and neodymium-filtered BS(Y+R) solid-state sources, the filtered source exhibits a higher GAI (63% versus 49%), an improved CRI Ra (92 versus 81), an improved R9, and a higher S / P ratio, but lower luminescence efficiency as a result of filter lumen loss (19%), and is slightly off the blackbody locus with a Du'v' value of 0.006. The "high CRI" filtered solid-state source (which has a neodymium oxide density of 0.5 relative to a 3.2 mm reference neodymium oxide filter) therefore provides an improved CRI Ra and GAI relative to the unfiltered solid-state source.

[0081] When comparing Nd-filtered BS (Y + R) and Neo WBL Nd-filtered BS (Y + R) high-CRI solid-state sources, the latter (Neo WBL) source has more than twice the neodymium oxide density (i.e., 1.20 versus 0.5 relative to a 3.2 mm reference neodymium oxide filter), resulting in an even greater GAI (78% versus 63%) and a larger S / P ratio (135 versus 1.25) but with a reduced CRI Ra (80 versus 92). Indeed, the Neo WBL filtered BS (Y + R) source has a CRI Ra value that is even reduced relative to the unfiltered solid-state source (i.e., 80 versus 81). The Neo WBL Nd filtered BS(Y + R) source also shows a reduced luminescence efficiency (70 LPW versus 86 LPW for the weaker filtered source), as expected as a consequence of the increased filter lumen loss (34% versus 19%).The higher filter material concentration also causes the color point to deviate further from the locus (with a Du'v' value of 0.014, or more than double the Du'v' value for the more weakly filtered source). The Neo WBL filtered solid-state source provides improved GAI while sacrificing CRI and efficiency. The use of a notch filtering material at a sufficiently high concentration to cause the CRI to actually decrease and deviate from the blackbody locus while reducing luminescence efficiency runs counter to the conventional desire in the prior art to provide increased CRI without undesirable loss of luminescence efficiency and without deviation from the blackbody locus.

[0082] Fig. Figure 11 is a graphical representation of GAI as a function of filter density, with an overlaid graphical representation of CRI Ra, for which Fig. 10 summarizes three (rightmost) solid-state light sources. The respective graphs show that the GAI values ​​continue to increase with increasing filter density, and that the CRI Ra initially increases with increasing filter density, but then decreases as the filter density continues to increase beyond an inflection point. Thus, increasing the GAI beyond a certain point can be detrimental to an attempt to increase color rendering. The shaded area in the upper right represents a preferred combination of CRI Ra ≥ 80 and 80 ≤ GA ≤ 100, which is almost, but just not, achievable with the Neo WBL Nd filtered BS (Y + R) source.

[0083] Fig. 12 shows a gamut surface and a color point for each of the four light sources used in Fig. 10, overlaid with an excerpt of the 1931 CEI chromaticity diagram including the blackbody locus and the line of minimum tint (whitebody line). Incandescent source A and unfiltered solid-state source B both exhibit the same color point on the blackbody locus and similar gamut areas (resulting in the same GAI value). The high-CRI Nd-filtered BS(Y + R) solid-state source C exhibits a color point located intermediately between the blackbody locus and the whitebody line, while exhibiting a larger gamut area than incandescent source A and unfiltered solid-state source B. The Neo WBL Nd filtered BS (Y + R) solid-state source D exhibits a color point lying on the white-body line (the line of minimum tint), while exhibiting an even larger gamut area than the preceding sources.

[0084] When varying the gamut areas of the four sources A to D, it is evident that combining and separately controlling at least two sources in a single illumination device will change the gamut area of ​​emissions of such a device. Returning to the Fig. 10, GAI values ​​for sources B, C, and D are 49%, 63%, and 78%, respectively. By separately controlling two such sources arranged in a single illuminator, the gamut area of ​​combined emissions can be varied by 10%, 15%, 20%, or more.

[0085] Fig. 13 shows a spectral output (the relative intensity) versus wavelength for the four Fig. 10 characterized light sources, showing the effect of increased neodymium filter concentration on spectral output. The incandescent source A exhibits a substantially linear relationship between spectral output and wavelength. The unfiltered solid-state source B exhibits a first peak at 450 nm, a first dip centered at approximately 480 nm, and a broad composite peak centered at approximately 610 nm without a spectral notch. The high CRI Nd-filtered BS (Y + R) solid-state source C exhibits a significant spectral notch between approximately 560 nm and 590 nm. The Neo WBL Nd-filtered BS (Y + R) solid-state source D exhibits an even deeper spectral notch between approximately 560 nm and 590 nm as a result of the increased filter material concentration.

[0086] Fig. Figure 14A is a bar chart showing CRI values ​​with results for 14 color chips and the composite CRI Ra value for the second (i.e., unfiltered solid-state) light source used in Fig. 10 is characterized. Fig. Figure 14B is a bar chart showing CRI values ​​with results for 14 color chips and the composite CRI Ra value for the fourth (i.e. Neo WBL neodymium-filtered) solid-state light source used in Fig. 10. In each diagram, the composite CRI Ra value is shown at position 16. A comparison between Fig. 14A and Fig. Figure 14B shows that increasing the neodymium oxide filter concentration can decrease CRI, but with increased perceived color luminance, as demonstrated by the increased R9 color rendering index (where R9 represents a red color that is difficult to accurately reproduce). Such a result is consistent with the increased GAI provided by the increased neodymium oxide (notch) filter concentration.

[0087] In certain embodiments, solid-state lighting devices may comprise: (i) at least one luminophore material combined with at least one solid-state emitter (for example, two LEDs and a luminophore material), as described in connection with Fig. 13A, or (ii) a plurality of LEDs lacking any luminophore material, as described in connection with Fig. 14A. In certain embodiments, a solid-state illumination device having multiple LEDs lacking a luminophore may include at least one LED comprising a dominant wavelength in a range of 440 nm to 460 nm, at least one LED comprising a dominant wavelength in a range of 535 nm to 560 nm, and at least one LED comprising a dominant wavelength in a range of 590 nm to 620 nm.

[0088] Fig. Figure 15A is a table with numerical results for modeling a solid-state lighting device with an orange (dominant wavelength 606 nm) LED, a blue (450 nm dominant wavelength) LED, and a green phosphor (P1LuGaAg 4) producing composite emissions with a CCT of 3511 K, a CRI Ra value of 80, and a GAI value of 100. For the individual LEDs and phosphor, the Fig. 15A CIE 1931 x and y coordinates, CIE 1976 u' and v' coordinates, the dominant wavelength, and the relative intensity (arbitrary units). For the combined emissions, Fig. 15A further provides CIE 1931 x and x coordinates, CCT, CRI Ra, R9 color rendering, GAI, color quality scale (CQS), S / P ratio, luminescence efficiency, Du'v' (BBL / DLL) and duv values. Fig. Figure 15B is an extract from a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, part of the line of minimum tint (or whitebody line) and the following details for the LEDs and phosphors of the Fig. 15 A shows: Tie lines, gamut area and composite color point. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 15A, a combination with a high CRI (CRI Ra ≥ 80) and a high GAI (80 ≤ GAI ≤ 100) can be achieved with a lighting device that uses two LEDs in combination with a luminophore material. The resulting color point (as indicated by the X symbol in Fig. 15B) is below the blackbody locus and close to the whitebody line.

[0089] Fig. Figure 16A is a table with numerical results for modeling a solid-state lighting device with an orange / red LED (dominant wavelength 617 nm), a blue LED (dominant wavelength 455 nm), and a yellow phosphor (NYAG 7), producing composite emissions of 521 pupil lumens, a CCT of 2999 K, a CRI Ra value of 91, and a GAI value of 83%. For the individual LEDs and the phosphor, Fig. 16A CIE 1931 x and y coordinates, CEE 1976 u' and v' coordinates, the dominant wavelength and the relative intensity (in arbitrary units). For the combined emissions, Fig. 16A also provides CIE 1931 x and y coordinates, CCT, CRI Ra, R9 color rendering, GAI, the color quality scale (CQS), the S / P ratio, the luminescence efficiency, the du'v' (BBL / DLL) and the duv values. Fig. Figure 16B is a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showing the blackbody locus, part of the line of minimum tint (or whitebody line) and the following details for the LEDs and phosphor of the Fig. 16A shows: Tie lines, gamut area and composite color point (output). As in Fig. As shown in Figure 16A, a combination of a high CRI Ra (CRI Ra≥80), a high GAI (80≤GAI≤100), and a device output of greater than 500 (pullen) lumens can be achieved with a lighting device that uses two LEDs in combination with a luminophore material. The resulting color point (as indicated by the X symbol in Fig. 16B) is located below the blackbody locus and close to the whitebody line.

[0090] With the given variation in gamut areas between the light source, which in conjunction with the Fig. 15A-15B (ie with a GAI of 100) and the light source used in conjunction with Fig. 16A-16B (i.e., with a GAI of 83), it can be seen that combining and separately controlling both sources in a single illumination device can allow a gamut area of ​​emissions of the resulting device to be changed. Although Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B modeling results for color points with different CCT values, it should be noted that color points with very similar CCT values ​​(for example, less than 2% difference) but different GAI values ​​can be obtained.

[0091] Fig. 17A shows a solid-state emitter package 100 with multiple solid-state light emitters as described herein. The emitter package 100 includes a plurality (e.g., four) of LED chips 150A-150D that can be separately controlled (e.g., via backside anodes 121A-121D and cathodes 122A-122D) and supported by an insulating substrate 110. The substrate 110, which may preferably comprise a ceramic material, includes a top surface 111, a bottom surface 112, and sidewalls 113-116 extending between the top surface 111 and the bottom surface 112. Electrical traces 140 are disposed over the substrate 110, including a plurality of block attachment pads 141A-141D and additional electrical elements 142A-142D disposed proximate the block attachment pads 141A-141D.Because the block attachment pads 141A-141D are electrically conductive, the LED chips 150A-150D can be arranged with lower side contacts thereof in electrical communication with the block attachment pads 141A-141D, and with upper side contacts thereof in electrical communication with the electrical elements 142A-142D using the wire bonds 152. The block attachment pads 141A-141D and the electrical elements 142A-142D can include one or more metals patterned on (or in) the upper surface 111 of the substrate 110. Gaps 145 can be provided between adjacent block attachment pads 141A-141D and / or electrical elements 142A-142D to prevent unwanted conductive electrical communication.In certain embodiments, the block attachment pads need not necessarily be electrically conductive, such as in cases where the anode and cathode connections to a solid-state emitter chip are both formed with wire bonds. An insulating solder mask 147 is patterned over peripheral portions of the electrical traces 140, and a molded lens 160 (e.g., having a raised or hemispherical portion 161 and a base portion 162) is disposed over the top surface 111 of the substrate 110 and is arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light generated by the emitter chips 150A-150D.

[0092] LED chips 150A-150D having any suitable peak wavelength (e.g., color) may be used, and one, some, or all of the chips 150A-150D may be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophores (e.g., phosphors). Although some or all of the LED chips 150A-150D may be controlled separately, in certain embodiments, groups of two or more LED chips 150A-150D or groups of LED chips together may be controlled in a group-like manner. As mentioned above, the package 100 may embody one or more LED components, each LED component comprising at least one LED chip 150A-150D (optionally multiple LED chips), with one or more LED chips 150A-150D optionally arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophoric materials.In certain embodiments, the solid-state emitter package 100 may include two LED components, each LED component including two LED chips 150A-150D. In certain embodiments, the solid-state emitter package 100 may include one, two, three, or four LED components. Although in . Fig. 15A illustrates four LED chips 150A-150D, it should be understood that an LED package may comprise any desired number of LED chips, including groups of chips arranged in a series, parallel, or series-parallel configuration.

[0093] Fig. 17B is a bottom plan view of each emitter package 100 of the Fig. 17A. A bottom surface 112 of the substrate includes four anodes 121A-121D and four cathodes 122A-122D patterned thereon (e.g., as electrical traces), with one paired anode / cathode per quadrant. The separate anodes 121A-121D and cathodes 122A-122B allow separate control of the multiple solid-state emitters (e.g., LED chips) 150A-150B, if desired. The various anodes 121A-121D and cathodes 122A-122D are separated by gaps formed by solder mask material portions 127-1, 127-2. A thermal element (e.g., a thermal distribution element) 126 may be disposed along the bottom surface 112 between the solder mask material portions 127-1, 127-2 and generally underlap the solid-state emitters 150A-150D. The thickness of the thermal element 126 may be the same as or different from (e.g., thicker than) the anodes 121A-121D and cathodes 122A-122D.As shown, the package 100 lacks any anode or cathode disposed on or extending beyond any sidewall 113-116 thereof.

[0094] By separately controlling different emitters (e.g., LED chips) with appropriate characteristics (e.g., including different gamut characteristics), the package 100 can be operated in accordance with multiple operating states to produce emissions with different gamut area index values.

[0095] Fig. 18A shows a light emitting device 200 having first and second emitter components 201, 202 held in or on a substrate or other body structure 209. The first and second emitter components 201, 202 each include at least one LED chip 203A-203B, wherein any one or more of the LED chips 203A-203B may optionally be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials (for example, such as a luminophore 205 arranged to be stimulated by the LED chip 203A). Although Fig. 18A illustrates an LED chip 203A-203B associated with each emitter component 201, 202, it should be understood that any suitable number (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, or more, etc.) of LED chips may be associated with one or more emitter components in certain embodiments.

[0096] Fig. 18B illustrates an illumination light emitting device 210 having first and second emitter components 211, 212 held in or on a substrate or other body structure 219. The first and second emitter components 211, 212 each include at least one LED chip 213A-213B, wherein one or more of the LED chips 213A-213B may optionally be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials (e.g., such as a first luminophore 215A arranged to be stimulated by a first LED chip 213A and a second luminophore 216A arranged to be stimulated by a second LED chip 214A).

[0097] Fig. Figure 18C shows an illumination light emitting device 220 having first and second emitter components 221, 222 supported in or on a substrate (or other body structure) 229. The first emitter component 221 includes LED chips 223A, 223B, with a first LED chip 231A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 225A, and the second emitter component 222 includes an LED chip 224A arranged to stimulate emissions from a second luminophore 226A. In certain embodiments, any suitable number of LED chips and luminophore may be provided in each emitter component, and additional emitter components (not shown) may be supported by the substrate 229.

[0098] Fig. Figure 18D shows an illumination light emitting device 230 having first and second emitter components 231, 232 held in or on a substrate or other support structure 239. The first emitter component 231 includes a first LED chip 233A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 235A and a second LED chip 233B arranged to stimulate emissions from a second luminophore 235B, and the second emitter component 232 includes an LED chip 234A arranged to stimulate emissions from another luminophore 236A. In certain embodiments, any suitable number of LED chips and luminophore may be provided in each emitter component, and additional emitter components (not shown) may be held by the substrate 239.

[0099] Fig. Figure 18E shows a light emitting device 240 having first and second emitter components 241, 242 held in or on a substrate or other body structure 249. The first emitter component 241 includes a first LED chip 243A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 245A and a second LED chip 243B arranged to stimulate emissions from a second luminophore 245B. The second emitter component 242 includes a first LED chip 244A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 246A and a second LED chip 244B arranged to stimulate emissions from a second luminophore 246B. One or more luminophore materials 245A, 245B, 246A, 246B may be the same or different in the respective LED components 241, 242.In certain embodiments, a suitable number of LED chips and luminophores may be provided in each emitter component, and additional emitter components (not shown) may be supported by the substrate 249.

[0100] Fig. Figure 18F shows a light emitting device 250 having first and second emitter components 251, 252 held in or on a substrate or other body structure 259. The first emitter component 251 includes a first LED chip 253A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 255A in addition to a second LED chip 253B, and the second emitter component 252 includes a first LED chip 254A arranged to stimulate emissions from a first luminophore 256A in addition to a second LED chip 254B. In certain embodiments, any suitable number of LED chips and luminophore may be provided in each emitter component, and additional emitter components (not shown) may be held by the substrate 259.

[0101] With general reference to the Fig. 18A to Fig. 18F, the first and second emitter components may in each case embody any suitable LED chips, luminophores, features, and / or capabilities as described herein, and are preferably separately controllable (but may be controlled together). Additional emitter components (not shown) having one or more LED chips may further be provided in or on the substrate in each case. In embodiments having one or more emitter components having multiple LEDs, each LED within a single LED component may be individually controlled, or groups of two or more LEDs within a single component may be controlled together.

[0102] With continued reference to the Fig. 18A-18F, in certain embodiments, each first emitter component may be arranged to produce emissions (or a mixture of emissions) having a first color point, each second emitter component may be arranged to produce emissions (or a mixture of emissions) having a second color point, and a mixture of light produced by the respective first and second emitter components for each device may be arranged to produce a composite color point. In certain embodiments, adjustment of the current or current pulse width at the first emitter component (and / or individual emitters thereof) relative to the second emitter component may be used to adjust a gamut area of ​​composite emissions associated with different operating states.

[0103] Fig. Figure 19 shows a portion of the first control circuit arranged to control multiple chains 281, 282, 283 of solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 293a, 293b, 294a, 294v, 295a, 295b, all electrically connected to a common power line 280. Connected to the first chain 281 are a first current control element 285 and a first group of LEDs 293a, 293b, which may be arranged to emit the same or different dominant wavelengths and may optionally be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials. Connected to the second chain 282 is a second current control element 286 and a second group of LEDs 294a, 294b, which may be arranged to output the same or different dominant wavelengths and may optionally be arranged to stimulate emissions of one or more luminophore materials.Connected to the third chain 283 are a third current control element 287 and a third group of LEDs 295a, 295b, which can be arranged to output the same or different dominant wavelengths and can optionally be arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophore materials. The current control elements 285-287 can be used to control currents through the respective chains 281-283 to any desired value. Such control elements 285-287 can be adjustable in certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, the number of LEDs in each chain 281-283 can be the same or different. If the chains 281-283 have different gamut area characteristics, then the chains 281-283 can be controlled separately to adjust the gamut area of ​​emissions of an illumination device.

[0104] Fig. Figure 20 shows interconnections between various components of a light emitting device 300 having first and second LED components (or LEDs) 301, 302 arranged in series, wherein at least one control circuit 310 is arranged to control a modulation of the current and / or duty cycle of the LED components 301, 302 using controllable bypass and / or shunt elements 311, 312. In certain embodiments, each LED component 301, 302 may include one or more (optionally all) LEDs (not shown) arranged to stimulate emissions from one or more luminophores. In certain embodiments, each LED component 301, 302 may include multiple LEDs arranged in a series, parallel, or series / parallel configuration.The at least one control circuit 310 can optionally be controlled in response to one or more user input elements 306, one or more timer elements 307, and / or one or more sensor elements 308 (e.g., temperature sensing elements, photosensors, etc.). Various components of the light emitting device 300 can be supported by, disposed upon, or disposed in electrical communication with portions of a substrate or other support element 309. In operation, power is applied to the lighting device 300 between the anode 321A and the cathode 321B. A supply of power to and / or a duty cycle of a first LED component 301 can be controlled with a first controllable bypass or shunt element 311.Similarly, a current supply to and / or a duty cycle of a second LED component 302 can be controlled with a second controllable bypass or shunt element 312, wherein the second LED component 312 is arranged in series with the first LED component 301. Each of the first and second controllable bypass or shunt elements 311, 312 can be controlled by at least one control circuit 310, optionally in response to one or more user input elements 306, one or more timer elements 307, and / or one or more sensor elements 308. If the light-emitting components 301, 302 have different gamut area characteristics, then the LED components 301, 302 can be controlled separately to adjust a gamut area of ​​emissions of the light-emitting device 300.

[0105] Fig. Figure 21 shows interconnections between various components of a light emitting device 400 having first and second LED components 401, 402 arranged in parallel, with at least one control circuit 410 (e.g., optionally including control circuit sections 410A, 410B) arranged to control a modulation of the current and / or duty cycle of the LED components 401, 402 using controllable bypass and / or shunt elements 411, 412. In certain embodiments, each LED component 401, 402 may include one or more (optionally all) LEDs (not shown) arranged to stimulate emissions of one or more luminophores. In certain embodiments, each LED component 401, 402 may comprise a plurality of LEDs arranged in a series, parallel, or series / parallel configuration.The at least one control circuit 410 may optionally be controlled in response to one or more user input elements 406, one or more timer elements 407, and / or one or more sensor elements 408. Various components of the light emitting device 400 may be supported by, disposed on, or disposed in electrical communication with portions of a substrate or support member 409. In operation, current may be supplied to the first LED component 401 via a first anode 421A and a first cathode 421B, wherein a supply of current to the first LED component 401 and / or a duty cycle thereof may be modulated with a first controllable bypass or shunt element 411.In a similar manner, current may be supplied to the second LED component 402 via a second anode 422A and a second cathode 422B, wherein the supply of current to the second LED component 402 and / or a duty cycle thereof may be modulated with a second controllable bypass or shunt element 412. The first and second controllable bypass or shunt elements 411, 412 can be controlled by at least one control circuit 410 (optionally with specially designed sections 410A, 410B), optionally in response to one or more user input elements 406, one or more timer elements 407, and / or one or more sensor elements 408. If the light emitting components 401, 402 have different gamut area characteristics, then the light emitting components 401, 402 can be controlled separately to adjust or adjust a gamut area of ​​emissions of the light emitting device 400.

[0106] Fig. 22A to Fig. 22F illustrate exemplary portions of solid-state lighting devices incorporating electrically activated solid-state light emitters and luminophore materials, which may be used alone or in groups according to certain embodiments described herein. It should be noted that various structures used with completed lighting devices (e.g., package leads, wiring frames, contacts, wire bonds, bonding structures, heat transfer elements, light extraction optics, diffusers, additional reflective surfaces, power supplies, and the like) have been omitted for clarity, but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that known structures may be incorporated into operative lighting devices incorporating the illustrative parts provided in the figures.

[0107] Fig. 22A is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device 500 including at least one electrically activated solid-state light emitter (e.g., an LED) 504, a reflector cap 502 or other support structure on or over which the LED 504 is mounted, and (optionally) at least one luminophore (e.g., phosphor) 507 dispersed in an encapsulation material disposed over the LED 504 and within the reflector cap 502. Although Fig. 22A illustrates the at least one luminophore 507 dispersed in an encapsulation material. In various embodiments, one or more luminophore(s) (e.g., phosphors) may be arranged in any suitable composition to receive emissions from a solid-state (e.g., LED) emitter and re-emit light in response thereto. In certain embodiments, at least one luminophore may be layered directly on or over a solid-state emitter. In certain embodiments, one or more luminophore(s) may be arranged in separate layers spatially separated from each solid-state emitter and / or from each other. In certain embodiments, the device 500 having a luminophore may be used in conjunction with a comparable device having an LED lacking a luminophore.

[0108] Fig. 22B is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device 510 including at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter (e.g., an LED) 514, a reflector cap 512 or other support structure on or over which the solid-state emitter 514 is mounted, and a plurality of luminophores (e.g., phosphors) 518, 519 arranged in layers spatially separated from the solid-state emitter 514. An encapsulant 516 may be arranged between the solid-state emitter 514 and the luminophores 518, 519, and alternatively, at least one clearance may be arranged between the solid-state emitter 514 and the luminophores 518, 519 to reduce conductive thermal coupling therebetween.In certain embodiments, the device 510 including at least one luminophore may be used in conjunction with a comparable device that uses an LED but does not include a luminophore.

[0109] Fig. 22C is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device 520 including first and second solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 524, 525, a reflector cap 522 or other support structure on or over which the solid-state emitters 524, 525 are mounted, and at least one luminophore (e.g., phosphor) 527 dispersed in an encapsulant material disposed over the solid-state emitters 524, 525 and within the reflector cap 522. In certain embodiments, multiple luminophore(s) 527 may be provided. In one embodiment, one or more luminophore(s) may be arranged to interact with only a single solid-state emitter 524, 525. At least one luminophore may be provided in an amount (e.g., a thickness, a width, etc.)) or concentration that varies with respect to a position within a solid-state illumination device, such as those translated into variations in the presence, amount, or concentration relative to one or more solid-state emitters. For example, at least one luminophore may be layered or disposed over a solid-state emitter and not disposed over another solid-state emitter (or disposed over it at a different thickness or concentration).

[0110] In certain embodiments, a solid-state lighting device may comprise a plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) and one or more luminophores (e.g., phosphors) arranged in one or more layers separate from the solid-state emitters. Fig. 22D is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state illumination device 530 including first and second solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 534, 535, a reflector cap 532 or similar support structure on or above which the solid-state emitters 534, 535 are mounted, and one or more luminophores (e.g., phosphors) 538, 539 arranged in layers spatially separated from the solid-state emitters 534, 535. An encapsulant 536 or other material may be disposed between the solid-state emitters 534, 535 and the luminophores 538, 539; alternatively, the solid-state emitters 534, 535 and the luminophores 538, 539 may be separated by a gap. In one embodiment, the luminophores 538, 539 may be arranged in alternating layers comprising at least two non-contiguous layers comprising luminophores having substantially the same material composition.One advantage of enclosing different luminophore(s) in different layers is to avoid unwanted absorption of the emission spectrum from one luminophore, which may overlap with the excitation spectrum of another luminophore (e.g., the excitation spectrum of a red phosphor may overlap with the emission spectrum of a yellow phosphor, resulting in a loss of efficiency). In certain embodiments, the presence of a luminophore material may be non-uniform (e.g., patterned or structured) within a single luminophore layer. In certain embodiments, a luminophore material layer may have a thickness that is non-uniform with respect to position.

[0111] Fig. 22E is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device 540 including first and second electrically activated solid-state emitters (LEDs) 544, 545, a reflector cap 542 or other support structure on or over which the LEDs 544, 545 are mounted, and at least one luminophore 548 arranged to interact only (or primarily only) with a single LED 544. In certain embodiments, the at least one luminophore 548 may be layered or deposited on or over a first solid-state emitter 544 but omitted from the second solid-state emitter 545. In certain embodiments, the at least one luminophore 548 may comprise a mixture of multiple luminophore and / or multiple layers of luminophore having different material compositions.

[0112] Fig. 22F is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a solid-state lighting device 550 including first and second electrically activated solid-state emitters (LEDs) 555, 555, a reflector cap 552 or other support structure on or over which the LEDs 554, 555 are mounted, a first luminophore 558 arranged to interact only (or primarily only) with a first LED 555, and a second luminophore 559 arranged to interact only (or primarily only) with a second LED 555. In certain embodiments, the luminophore 558, 559 may be separately layered or deposited over the respective first and second LEDs 554, 555.

[0113] It should be noted that one or more of the above sources or groups of such sources mentioned in Fig. 22A-22F may embody emitters (emitting units) or groups of emitters having different gamut areas, so that by using (or combining) such sources in individual devices and by separately controlling the respective sources, the gamut area of ​​the composite emissions can be varied.

[0114] The Fig. 23A-23F illustrate exemplary portions of solid-state lighting devices in various configurations including electrically activated solid-state light emitters disposed over package supports (or other substrates), with luminophore materials and notch filtering materials overlaid over the solid-state light emitters, and additionally or optionally, lenses overlaid, such devices being used alone or in groups in accordance with certain embodiments described herein.

[0115] Fig. 23A shows a solid-state light emitting device 660 having a solid-state emitter (e.g., an LED) chip 663 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and a mount) disposed over a top surface 662 of a package mount (or other substrate) 661, wherein a top surface 664 of the emitter chip 663 is covered with a luminophore material 666 (e.g., in the first layer) and a filtering material 668 (e.g., in a second layer). The package mount 661 may include metallized areas and / or vias (not shown) for conducting electrical signals to the emitter chip 663. Side surfaces 665 of the emitter chip 663 may be exposed to, or otherwise layered with, one or more of the luminophore materials and the notch filtering material.In certain embodiments, the LED chip 663 may be coated with a luminophore material 666 and a notch filtering material 668.

[0116] Fig. Figure 23B shows a solid-state light emitting device 660A with the device 660 of the Fig. 23A after the addition of a lens 669 having a curved (e.g., substantially hemispherical) shape. Such a lens 669 may be formed by any suitable method, including, but not limited to, molding (e.g., an injection molding process) using a silicone material. In certain embodiments, the lens may have a width or lateral extent substantially equal to a width or lateral extent of the package holder 661, and a peripheral portion 669A of the lens 669 may have a substantially uniform thickness.

[0117] Fig. 23C shows a solid-state light emitting device 670 having a solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chip 673 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and a mount) disposed over a package mount (or other substrate) 271, wherein a top surface 674 and side surfaces 675 of the emitter are covered with a wavelength conversion material 676 (e.g., in a first layer) and a filtering material 678 (e.g., in a second layer). In certain embodiments, the LED chip 673 and the top surface 672 of the package mount 671 may be coated with a luminophore material 676 and a notch filtering material 678 (e.g., according to any suitable process, such as spray coating), and such materials 676, 678 may optionally be disposed in conformal layers that follow the shape and contour of multiple surfaces of the emitter chip 675.

[0118] Fig. Figure 23D shows a solid-state light emitting device 670A with the device 670 of the Fig. 23A after the addition of a lens 679 having a substantially rectangular curved cross-sectional shape. Such a lens 679 may be formed by any suitable method, including, but not limited to, molding (e.g., an injection molding process) using silicone material. In certain embodiments, the lens 679 may have a width or lateral extent substantially equal to a width or lateral extent of the package holder 671.

[0119] Fig. 23E shows a solid-state light emitting device 680 with first and second solid-state emitter chips 683A, 683B arranged over a package holder 681, wherein upper surfaces 684A, 684B of the emitter chips 683A, 683B are covered with wavelength conversion materials 686A, 686B and a filtering (e.g., notch filtering) material 688, and wherein side surfaces 685A, 685B of the emitter chips 683A, 683B and a top surface 682 of the package holder 681 are covered with a filtering material 688. The notch filtering material 688 can be arranged in a conformal layer that follows the shape and contour of multiple surfaces of the emitter chips 683A, 683B. Electrical connections to the LED chips 683A, 683B can be formed either before or after a coating step for the notch filtering material.

[0120] Fig. Figure 23F shows a solid-state light emitting device 680A with the device 680 of the Fig. 23E with the addition of a lens 689 having a beveled upper edge 689A with a non-rectangular (polygonal) cross-sectional shape. Such a lens 689 may be formed by any suitable method, including, but not limited to, molding using a silicone material. In certain embodiments, the lens 689 may have a width or lateral extent substantially equal to a width or lateral extent of the package holder 681.

[0121] Lenses according to the forms described in any of the Fig. 23B, Fig. 23D and Fig. 23F may refer to any of the devices 660, 670 and 280 according to the Fig. 23A, Fig. 23C and Fig. 23E can be applied.

[0122] It should be noted that one or more of the above sources or groups of such sources mentioned in Fig. 23A to Fig. 23F may embody emitters or groups of emitters having different gamut areas, so that by using (or combining) such sources in a single device and by separately controlling the respective sources, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be varied.

[0123] Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device 690 including a plurality of solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chips 695 arranged above a holder 691 in a flip-chip configuration, with both anode and cathode connections provided on the bottom of the chips 695. The emitter chips 695 may (optionally) include angled or beveled top edges with a non-rectangular (e.g., polygonal) cross-section, such a shape serving to enhance light extraction. One or more emitter chips 695 may optionally be coated with one or more functional materials (e.g., a luminophore material, a notch filtering material, etc.).) in customized layers 696, 698 and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element (e.g., a lens) 690, wherein the customized layers 696, 698 follow the shape and contour of multiple surfaces of the emitter chips 695 (preferably with a substantially constant thickness). As shown in . Fig. As shown in Figure 24, each matching layer 696, 698 may extend over, between, and laterally beyond the chips 695 (such as via a reflective material disposed between or adjacent to the emitter chips 695). The optical element 690 may be separated from the emitter chips 695 by a gap or intervening material 699, which may comprise an encapsulation medium or a fluid medium, such as a liquid or gel (e.g., a mineral oil, a perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) liquid, or other fluorinated or halogenated liquid or gel). Such material 699 may also comprise a refractive index matching medium characterized by a refractive index that provides reduced or minimal reflection or total internal reflection of light emissions.In certain embodiments, the elements 699, 690 may form a single element, such as a molded or injection-molded silicone. In certain embodiments, the optical element 6990 may include one or more functional materials, such as a luminophore material, a notch filtering material, and / or a scattering material, doped, coated, or otherwise provided on or into the optical / optical element 699. With further reference to FIG. Fig. 24, the support 691 (e.g., aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, high-temperature polymers, etc.) is covered with a pattern of metal (e.g., traces) 693 that can be used to interconnect the emitter chips 695 and connect to a power supply. The metal pattern 693 includes interconnect pads 692 with an insulating material 694 therebetween. In operation of the device 690, when light passes through one or more notch filtering materials (e.g., associated with the layers 696, 297 and / or the optical element 699), the light will have a spectral notch, and the notch filtering can be tailored to increase the GAI and / or improve the CRI Ra.In addition, two or more emitter chips 695 or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) may be arranged to produce emissions with different gamut areas, so that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be changed.

[0124] Fig. Figure 25 shows a solid-state emitter package 700 with a plurality of solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chips 705 coupled to electrical traces or metal patterns 702 via wire bonds 716 and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element (e.g., a lens) 710. In certain embodiments, one or more chips may be coated with one or more functional materials (e.g., a luminophore material and a notch filtering material). As shown, twelve emitter chips 705 are provided in contact with the metal traces 702 disposed above the support 701, and cathodes of the LED chips are connected to the electrical traces 702 via wire bonds 716.In certain embodiments, the optical element 710 may include one or more functional materials, such as a luminophore material, a notch filtering material, and / or a scattering material, which may be doped, layered, or otherwise provided in or on the optical element 710. The emitter chips 705 may be selected from various light color bins to provide a combined light output with appropriate color characteristics for a desired application. The unfiltered efficiency of such a light emitting package 700 with a warm white color may be on the order of 100 Lm / W, before any filtering of the optical element; however, if the package 700 is binned for a cool white color, then an efficiency on the order of approximately 150 Lm / W may be achieved (i.e., before any filtering).Two or more emitter chips 705 or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) can be arranged to produce emissions with different gamut areas, so that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be changed.

[0125] Fig. 26 shows a first light bulb 750 arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitters as disclosed herein. The light bulb 750 or the incandescent lamp 750 may optionally be arranged to emit notch-filtered light. The solid-state incandescent lamp 750 includes a conventional power supply 754 and includes a heat sink 755 with radiating fins to promote cooling of the emitter chips 752 and the power supply 754. A lateral contact 760 and a base contact 751 may be compatible with an Edison-type threaded light socket to conduct power to the incandescent lamp 750. An optical element 758 (which may be embodied in a light-transmissive sphere) is provided to protect the emitter chips 752 and provide light shaping and / or diffusion for light emissions from the lamp 750. The optical element 758 may optionally include an intermediate material (as in connection with element 698 in Fig. 25). One or more luminophore materials may be associated with the emitter chips 752 and / or the optical element 758 to provide a wavelength conversion capability. Additionally, one or more optional filtering materials (e.g., notch filtering materials) may be associated with the emitter chips and / or the optical element 758 to filter light emissions to exhibit at least one spectral notch described herein. Two or more emitter chips 752 or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) may be arranged to generate emissions with different gamut areas, such that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be varied.

[0126] Fig. Figure 27 illustrates a second reflector-type (i.e., PAR-type) light bulb 770 arranged to include one or more solid-state emitters as disclosed herein. The light bulb 770 may optionally be arranged to emit light that has undergone notch filtering. The light bulb 770 includes a reflector 774 and an optical element (e.g., a lens) 776 covering a front or light-emitting portion of the lamp 770, together forming a light-transmitting optical enclosure with the reflector 774 and the lens 776. An opposite end of the lamp includes contacts 780, 781 (e.g., a lateral threaded Edison-type contact 780 and a base contact 781) for receiving power from a socket or other receptacle.The lamp 770 includes LED devices or chips (not visible) as discussed above, and such components may optionally include one or more notch filtering material layers and / or one or more luminophore materials. Optionally, one or more filtration materials (e.g., notch filtering materials) may be associated with the optical element 776 to filter light emissions to exhibit at least one spectral notch, as described herein. The optical element 776 may further include light scattering and / or luminophore materials in certain embodiments.Two or more emitters or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) can be arranged to produce emissions with different gamut areas, so that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be changed.

[0127] Fig. 28 illustrates a third incandescent lamp arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 827, as disclosed herein, arranged in an array 828 in a tower-like configuration, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0271991 (which is incorporated herein by reference). The incandescent lamp 800 may embody an A-series bulb having an edition base 802 with a lateral contact 803 and a foot contact 804. The base 802 may include a base circuit board 880 and electronics 810 within a housing 805, suitable for powering the lamp 800 and including a power supply and / or driver.

[0128] The light bulb or lamp 800 includes a plurality of LEDs 827 (one or more of which may comprise a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material, as disclosed herein) disposed on an upwardly extending, substantially tubular or pipe-shaped support (e.g., a printed circuit board) 829 that defines an internal cavity 874. The LED chips 827 are operable to emit light when energized. The cavity 874 is capped by a heat conduction portion 852 that communicates with an engagement member 868 that mates with an engagement portion 868 associated with a locking member 872 that extends upwardly from an electrical interconnect 850 within the cavity 874. A globe-shaped shroud orEnclosure (which may embody an optical element) 812 surrounds an internal volume containing an LED assembly 830 with the plurality of emitter chips 827. A heat sink 854 is disposed between the enclosure 812 and the base 802, with a locking member 809 disposed to receive and retain deformable fingers 801 during assembly of the bulb 600. A lower edge of the enclosure or housing 812 abuts a top surface 854A of the heat sink 854. Internal conductors 864B are disposed to conduct electrical signals between the base PCB 880 and components of the LED assembly 830.

[0129] In certain embodiments, at least one notch filtering material may optionally be associated with one or more emitter chips 827 and / or additionally associated with the enclosure (or optical element) 812 to exhibit at least one spectral notch after passage of the light emission through such a filtering material. The optical element 812 may further comprise light scattering and / or luminophore materials in certain embodiments. Two or more emitter chips 827 or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) may be arranged to generate emissions with different gamut areas, such that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be varied.

[0130] Fig. 29A-29B illustrate a troffer-type (in-ceiling linear) luminaire body 900 arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 926 as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, one or more luminophore materials may be associated with one or more LEDs 926. Optionally, the body 900 may include one or more notch filtering materials, such as may be associated with the emitters 926, applied to or incorporated into a linear reflector (e.g., by doping, impregnation, coating, etc.), or applied to or integrated with one or more light-transmitting lens plates 915, 916 to cause the light emitted by the luminaire to have a spectral notch. The lamp body 900 includes the pan or bowl 901, the heat sink 902, the reflector 908 and end caps 910, 911.End cap 910 is larger than end cap 911 and is shaped to function as a circuit box to house electronics used to drive and control the light source (e.g., rectifiers, regulators, timing circuits, etc.). Although a reflector can take various shapes, in the illustrated embodiment, reflector 908 includes a flat region opposite heat sink 902. In alternative embodiments, reflector 908 could be parabolic in shape or include two or more parabolic regions. Lighting fixture 900 also includes a diffuser lens assembly with lens plates 915, 916 disposed adjacent sides of heat sink 902. Reflector 908 can be made of various materials, including metal, a polymeric material, microcellular polyethylene terephthalate (MCPET), or any other suitable materials.If a notch filtering material is provided, then emissions from the LEDs 926 may interact with one or more notch filtering materials (e.g., associated with the LEDs 926, associated with the reflector 908, and / or associated with the lens plates 915, 916) such that the light will have a spectral notch. Two or more emitter chips 926 or groups thereof (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) may be arranged to produce emissions with different gamut areas, such that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be varied.

[0131] Fig. 30 shows a lighting device (e.g., a lighting fixture) 1010 according to at least one embodiment. The device 1000 includes a substrate or mounting plate 1075 to which a plurality of solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) lamps 1070-1 through 1070-6 (optionally embodied in multi-chip lamps, such as multi-chip LED packages) are mounted, wherein each lamp 1070-1 through 1070-6 may include a plurality of LEDs, as described herein. Each lamp 1070-1 through 1070-6 may optionally include a cluster of solid-state emitters, including at least one luminophore-converted solid-state emitter and at least one additional solid-state emitter as disclosed herein. The mounting plate 1075 may have a circular shape or any suitable shape or configuration (including non-planar and curved configurations).Different solid-state detector lamps or clusters can be configured to emit the same or different colors (e.g., wavelengths) of light. With specific reference to a first solid-state lamp 1070-1, each solid-state lamp 1070-1 through 1070-6 can include multiple solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 1074A through 1074C, preferably mounted on a single mount 1061. Although . Fig. 30 shows four solid-state emitter chips as associated with each multi-chip solid-state lamp 1070-1 through 1070-6. It should be noted that any number of solid-state emitter chips may be associated with each multi-chip solid-state lamp 1070-1 through 1070-6, and the number of solid-state emitter chips associated with different (e.g., multi-chip) solid-state lamps may vary. Each solid-state lamp in a single lighting fixture 1010 may be substantially identical to another, or solid-state lamps with different output characteristics may be intentionally provided in a single lighting fixture 1010.

[0132] The solid-state lamps 1070-1 through 1070-6 can be grouped on the mounting plate 1075 in clusters or other arrangements such that the lighting fixture 1010 emits a desired light pattern. In certain embodiments, at least one solid-state detector lamp associated with an individual lighting fixture 1010 includes a luminophore-converted light-emitting component. One or more lamps 1070-1 through 1070-6 can optionally include at least one notch filtering material. Further referring to Fig. 30, the lighting fixture 1010 may include one or more control circuit components 1080 arranged to operate the lamps 1070-1 to 1070-6 by independently applying currents and / or by adjusting the duty cycle of the respective LED components or groups thereof. In certain embodiments, a single solid-state chip 1064A to 1064D may be configured in different lamps 1070-1 to 1070-6 to be individually addressed by the control circuit 1080. In certain embodiments, the lighting fixture 1010 may be provided with its own ballast.In certain embodiments, a control circuit 1080 may include a power supply circuit configured to independently apply an on-state drive current to each individual solid-state chip in response to a control signal, and may include one or more control elements configured to selectively provide control signals to the power supply circuit. The control circuit 1080 may be configured to control the current passed through the solid-state emitter chips 1064A-1064D associated with the lamps 1070-1 through 1070-6 using one or more control methods known in the art. The control circuit 1080 may be mounted on an opposite or rear surface of the mounting plate 1075 or may be provided in a housing or other structure (not shown) separate from the device 1000.One or more heat dissipation structures (not shown) may further be associated with the luminous body 1010. Two or more emitter chips or clusters (optionally in conjunction with a luminophore material and / or a notch filtering material) may be arranged to produce emissions with different gamut areas, such that by separately controlling different emitter chips or groups thereof, the gamut area of ​​composite emissions can be varied.

[0133] The foregoing lighting devices disclosed herein may comprise a plurality of electrically activated emitters arranged to operate in a plurality of operating states arranged to produce different Gamut Area Index (GAI) values ​​(e.g., differing by at least 10%, by at least 15%, or another threshold disclosed herein), preferably in association with a small (e.g., preferably imperceptible) change in color point and / or luminous flux.

[0134] Fig. 31 is a graph 1050 showing radiant flux versus wavelength for a spectral output of a solid-state light emitting device with a superimposed notch-filtered spectral output, as described with respect to certain embodiments that may include one or more notch filtering materials. Curve 1052 is a graph of measurements taken for the light output of an LED lamp constructed with a multi-chip LED component in a mineral oil-filled pure glass package. Curve 1054 is a graph of measurements taken for the light output of an LED lamp that is the same in most respects, except that the enclosure for the lamp measured for curve 1054 is a neodymium oxide-doped glass.A notch is clearly visible between 550 nm and 650 nm, where radiant flux is reduced as a result of filtering by the neodymium oxide notch filtering material. Measurement 1056 represents the width of the notch corresponding to the comparable reduction in light intensity at half maximum caused by the notch, otherwise known in the signal processing field as the full width at half maximum (FWHM). Relative to the peak radiant flux of approximately 4.3 mW / nm, the notch-filtered region encompasses a radiant flux of between 1.5-2 mW / nm. The difference between the two curves 1052, 1054 represents an attenuation or reduction in light intensity. The values ​​shown in . Fig. The notch shown in Figure 31 is characteristic of a neodymium oxide filtering material because it comprises a relatively steeply sloped (“hard”) shape profile and is more than a true “notch,” as compared to a filtered shape with a more gently sloped or “soft” notch, which is characteristic of filtering materials such as color pigments.

[0135] Fig. 32 shows a line graph 1100 depicting spectral transmission versus wavelength for an illustrative color pigment material arranged to provide a spectral notch 1102 centered at approximately 580 nm. The transmission of the color pigment material is nearly 100% at or below wavelengths of approximately 430 nm and at or above wavelengths of approximately 730 nm. Between 430 nm and 730 nm, the transmission is reduced (to a minimum of approximately 50% at a wavelength of approximately 580 nm). As in Fig. As shown in Figure 32, a color pigment can provide a softer spectral (with a more gradually sloped wavelength attenuation) notch characteristic relative to other notch filtering materials, such as noble earth metals and their oxides (as in Fig. 31).

[0136] Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of an enclosure 1200 having a light socket (lamp body) 1218, which may include a plurality of LED components as described herein, arranged to illuminate an internal environment or space 1201. The internal environment space may be defined by walls 1203 and may include a window 1202 arranged to admit ambient light L AOne or more objects (for example, a table 1204) may be arranged in the interior space 1201. One or more sensors 1230 (for example, photosensors) may be arranged to communicate sensor information (signals) to a control element 1235, which is arranged to control operation of the lamp holder (the lamp body) 1218, which generates light L G One or more user input elements 1250 may also be arranged to communicate user input signals to the control element 1235 to effect operation of the holder 1218. In operation, ambient light L A through the window 1202 into the interior 1201. Such ambient light L A can optionally be generated with light L Gmay optionally be reflected from one or more surfaces of objects (e.g., table 1204) and may impinge on one or more sensors 1230. In certain embodiments, multiple photosensors may be used. In other embodiments, sensor(s) 1230 may be used to detect a light level and / or a color point, and an output(s) of sensor(s) 1230 may be provided to control element 1235 to affect operation of light fixture 1218 (e.g., to responsively adjust an output level (intensity), color point, and / or gamut area index of emissions generated by fixture 1218).The user input element(s) 1250 may be disposed at any suitable location, either within the interior space 1201, adjacent to the interior space 1201, or remotely disposed relative to the interior space 1201 (optionally connected to the control element 1235 via one or more network communication elements (not shown)).

[0137] Fig.34 shows an indoor lamp (e.g., a desk lamp or table lamp) 1300 that may include a plurality of LED components as described herein. The lamp 1300 includes an arm 1354 extending between a base 1351 and a lamp head 1360 that includes the LED components 1368. The base 1351 may include a user input element 1352 and / or one or more sensor elements 1355 (e.g., photosensors) arranged to control operation of the LED components 1368 (e.g., affecting an output intensity / dimming, a color point, and / or a gamut area index of composite emissions).

[0138] Embodiments as disclosed herein may provide one or more of the following useful technical effects: improved aesthetics of emissions from lighting devices; improvement in the perceived quality of emissions from lighting devices; improvement in the brightness of colors displayed by lighting devices; and selectively adjusting the brightness of colors displayed by lighting devices, preferably with a limited perceptible change in color point and / or luminous flux.

[0139] Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that improvements and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to fall within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow. Any of the various features and elements disclosed herein may be combined with one or more other disclosed features and elements, except where indicated to the contrary.

Claims

[1] Lighting device comprising: a first electrically activated emitter; a second electrically activated emitter; and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the first and second electrically activated emitters to move between at least two operating states; wherein a first operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the illumination device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter and which, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of a first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) value; wherein a second operating state of the at least two operating states produces a combination of light exiting the illumination device emitted by the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter and which, in the absence of any additional light, produces composite light emissions of a second operating state having a second GAI value; wherein the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%; and wherein the composite light emissions of the first operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a first color point, and wherein the composite light emissions of the second operating state, in the absence of any additional light, produce emissions having a second color point, and where, when plotted on a CI 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram, the first color point and the second color point differ from each other by a delta u'v' value of not greater than 0.

01. [2] The lighting device of claim 1, wherein each of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter comprises a solid-state light emitter. [3] The lighting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter comprises at least one light-emitting diode and at least one luminophore arranged to receive at least a portion of emissions from the at least one light-emitting diode and to be stimulated thereby and to emit luminophore emissions in response thereto. [4] Lighting device according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following features (i) and (i): (i) the first color point and the second color point differ in the correlated color temperature by an amount of not greater than 2% relative to each other, and (ii) the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount of not greater than 2%. [5] Lighting device according to claim 1, comprising both of the following features (i) and (ii): (i) the first color point and the second color point differ in correlated color temperature by an amount of not greater than 2% relative to each other, and (ii) the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount of not greater than 2%. [6] The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 15%. [7] The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising a user input element or a sensor arranged to adjust an operation of one of the first and second electrically activated emitters to move between at least two operating states. [8] The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising a notch filtering material arranged to receive emissions from at least one of the first and second electrically activated emitters, the notch filtering material being arranged to receive and filter at least a portion of the emissions from any one of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter to have a spectral notch. [9] The lighting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electrically activated emitter and the second electrically activated emitter comprises at least one primary electrically activated light emitter and at least one additional electrically activated light emitter, wherein the at least one additional electrically activated light emitter comprises a dominant wavelength that differs from the at least one primary electrically activated light emitter by at least 40 nm. [10] Lighting device according to claim 1, further comprising one of the following features: a single lead frame arranged to supply electrical energy to the first electrically activated light emitter and the second electrically activated light emitter; a single reflector arranged to reflect at least a portion of the light emanating from each of the first electrically activated light emitter and the second electrically activated light emitter; a single submount or mounting member supporting the first electrically activated light emitter and the second electrically activated light emitter; a single lens arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light emanating from each of the first electrically activated light emitter and the second electrically activated light emitter; and a single diffuser arranged to diffuse at least a portion of the light emanating from each of the first electrically activated light emitter and the second electrically activated light emitter. [11] An illumination device according to claim 1, wherein any electrically activated light emitter arranged to produce emissions that (i) have a dominant wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 480 nm and (ii) exit the illumination device without passing through a layer or region comprising a luminophore material is absent. [12] The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising at least one of the following features (i) and (ii): at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminescence efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and (ii) each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. [13] The lighting device of claim 1, further comprising both of the following features (i) and (ii): at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminescent efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and (ii) each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. [14] Lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein at least one of the first color point and the second color point (x, y) has coordinates on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram that define a point on or within 7 MacAdam ellipses of a white body locus embodying a line with segments defined with the following x, y coordinates on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.3114, 0.3386) to (0.3462, 0.3631), (0.3462, 0.3631) to (0.3777, 0.3790), (0.3777, 0.3790) to (0.3977, 0.3707), (0.3977, 0.3707) to (0.4211, 0.3713) and (0.4211, 0.3713) to (0.4437, 0.3808). [15] Illumination device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein one of the first color point and the second color point is on or within 7 MacAdam ellipses of a Planck locus definable on a CIE 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram. [16] Lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the first color point comprises a color rendering index (CRI Ra) value of at least 50. [17] The lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the first color point comprises a GAI value of at least 80. [18] Lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the first color point comprises a CRI Ra value of at least 80 and a GAI value in a range of 80-100. [19] The lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein each of the first color point and the second color point comprises a correlated color temperature (CCT) value in a range of 2500 K to 5000 K. [20] A lamp and lamp holder comprising the lighting device according to any one of claims 1-13. [21] A method comprising illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using an illumination device according to any one of claims 1-13. [22] A solid-state lighting device comprising a plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters and a control circuit configured to adjust operation of the plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters to move between at least two operating states, wherein: a first operating state generates composite light emissions of a first operating state having a first gamut area index (GAI) value; a second operating state produces composite light emissions of a second operating state having a second gamut area index (GAI) value; the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 10%; and a first color point produced by composite light emissions of the first operating state differs from a second color point produced by composite light emissions of the second operating state by no more than seven MacAdam ellipses on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. [23] The lighting device of claim 22, wherein at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter of the plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters comprises at least one light-emitting diode and at least one luminophore for receiving and being stimulated by at least a portion of emissions of the at least one light-emitting diode and emitting luminophore emissions in response thereto. [24] Lighting device according to claim 22, comprising at least one of the following features (i) and (i): (i) the first color point and the second color point differ in correlated color temperature by an amount of not greater than 2% relative to each other, and (ii) the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount of not greater than 2%. [25] A lighting device according to claim 22, comprising both of the following features (i) and (ii): (i) the first color point and the second color point differ in correlated color temperature by an amount not greater than 2% relative to each other, and (ii) the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state differ in luminous flux by an amount not greater than 2%. [26] The lighting device of claim 22, wherein the second GAI value differs from the first GAI value by at least 15%. [27] The lighting device of claim 22, further comprising a notch filtering material arranged to receive emissions from at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter of the plurality of electrically activated solid-state emitters, the notch filtering material arranged to receive and filter at least a portion of the emissions of the at least one first electrically activated solid-state emitter to exhibit a spectral notch. [28] Lighting device according to claim 22, comprising at least one of the following features: a single lead frame arranged to supply electrical energy to each electrically activated light emitter of the plurality of electrically activated light emitters; a single submount or mounting member supporting the plurality of electrically activated light emitters; a single lens arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light emanating from each electrically activated light emitter of the plurality of electrically activated light emitters; and a single diffuser arranged to diffuse at least a portion of the light, emanating from each electrically activated light emitter of the plurality of electrically activated light emitters. [29] An illumination device according to claim 22, wherein any electrically activated light emitter arranged to produce emissions which (i) have a dominant wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 480 nm and (ii) exit the illumination device without passing through a layer or region comprising a luminophore material is absent. [30] The lighting device of claim 22, further comprising at least one of the following features (i) and (ii): at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminescence efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and (ii) each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens. [31] The lighting device of claim 22, further comprising both of the following features (i) and (ii): at least one of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminescence efficiency of at least 60 lumens per watt, and (ii) each of the composite light emissions of the first operating state and the composite light emissions of the second operating state comprises a luminous flux of at least 500 lumens [32] Lighting device according to any one of claims 22-31, wherein at least one of the first color point and the second color point (x, y) has coordinates on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram defining a point on or within 7 MacAdam ellipses of a white body locus embodying a line with segments defined with the following x, y coordinates on a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.3114, 0.3386) to (0.3462, 0.3631), (0.3462, 0.3631) to (0.3777, 0.3790), (0.3777, 0.3790) to (0.3977, 0.3707), (0.3977, 0.3707) to (0.4211, 0.3713) and (0.4211, 0.3713) to (0.4437, 0.3808). [33] An illuminator according to any one of claims 22-31, wherein one of the first color point and the second color point is on or within 7 MacAdam ellipses of a Planck locus definable on a CIE 1976 u'-v' chromaticity diagram. [34] Lighting device according to any one of claims 22-31, wherein the first color point has a color rendering index (CRI Ra) value of at least 50. [35] The lighting device of any of claims 22-31, wherein the first color point comprises a GAI value of at least 80. [36] Lighting device according to any one of claims 22-31, wherein the first color point comprises a CRI Ra value of at least 80 and a GAI value in a range of 80-100. [37] The lighting device according to any one of claims 22-31, wherein each of the first color point and the second color point has a correlated color temperature (CCT) value in a range of 2500 K to 5000 K. [38] A lamp bulb or lamp holder comprising the lighting device according to any one of claims 22-31. [39] A method comprising illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using an illumination device according to any one of claims 22-31.

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