Method for biofeedback using heart rate data

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for biofeedback are described. A user device may acquire physiological data associated with a user from a wearable device. The user device may select a feedback response, which may include one or more of audio, haptic, or visible light feedback. The user device may determine parameters for the feedback response. The parameters may include one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedback. The user device or wearable device may output the feedback response indicative of regulating the physiological data associated with the user.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE

[0001] The present patent application claims priority from US patent application No. 18 / 068,357 by Karsikas et al. entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR BIOFEEDBACK USING HEART RATE DATA”, filed on December 19, 2022, which has been transferred to the present successor and the contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference. AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The following refers to portable devices and data processing, including methods for biofeedback (also referred to as "biofeedback response" or "response") using heart rate data. BACKGROUND

[0003] Some wearable devices can be configured to collect heart rate-related data from users. For example, some wearable devices can be configured to collect heart rate data from a user while they are engaged in an activity and provide insights relevant to that user. These devices can provide insights using post-activity analysis and offer insights relevant to the activity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 shows an example of a system that supports procedures for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of a system that supports procedures for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figures 3 to 5 show examples of graphical user interfaces (GUls) that support methods for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a device that supports methods for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a wearable application that supports methods for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8 shows a diagram of a system that includes a device supporting methods for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figures 9 to 11 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support procedures for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0004] Various applications can collect user-associated information to provide relevant insights. An application associated with tracking health and well-being might include activity data, physiological data, and similar information. For example, a wellness application might include information associated with a user's activity history, the user's physiological history relevant to that activity history, and so on. However, this application may be insufficient to provide insights based on a user's activity history, physiological history, or similar data that are most effective in eliciting one or more physiological responses in a given individual.

[0005] A system comprising a wearable device and a user device can acquire physiological data and provide user-relevant insights based on that data. The system can select a feedback response (e.g., a biofeedback response) indicative of the user's physiological data. The feedback response can include one or more acoustic feedback signals (e.g., acoustic pulses or the like), haptic feedback signals (e.g., tactile vibration pulses or the like), or visible light feedback signals (e.g., visible light pulses or the like). In some implementations, the system can determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on the physiological data.The one or more parameters can include one or more elements of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the acoustic, haptic, or visible light feedback. Other examples of the one or more parameters include the volume of acoustic feedback (e.g., acoustic pulses), the brightness of visible light feedback (e.g., visible light pulses), etc.

[0006] The system can cause a user device to output an indicative feedback response based on physiological data, according to one or more feedback response parameters. The feedback response can be indicative for the user to regulate their heart rate (e.g., to maintain, adjust, switch, increase, decrease, and the like). For example, the feedback response can indicate to the user to maintain their heart rate at a current level (e.g., current beats per minute) using one or more of the following: acoustic feedback (e.g., acoustic pulses), haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulses), or visible light feedback (e.g., visible light pulses). Alternatively, the feedback response can indicate to the user to adjust their heart rate from a current level (e.g.,to increase or decrease), using one or more of the acoustic feedback, haptic feedback or feedback by visible light.

[0007] Consequently, the system enables improvements in the user's overall well-being by providing biofeedback based on the user's physiological data and using acoustic, haptic, or visible light feedback. Although much of this disclosure is described in the context of physiological data, this is not to be considered a limitation of this disclosure. In particular, methods described herein can enable the provision of biofeedback to a user, which can help improve the user's physiological data. Furthermore, physiological data associated with a user can be used to update any value, measurement, metric, or other abstraction associated with a user's health, mental well-being, or activity.Additionally, although much of the present disclosure is described in the context of acoustic impulses, tactile vibration impulses and visible light impulses, these are not to be regarded as a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0008] Aspects of the revelation are initially described in the context of systems that support the acquisition of physiological data from users via wearable devices. Aspects of the revelation are further illustrated and described through device diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to biofeedback procedures using heart rate data.

[0009] Fig. Figure 1 illustrates an example of a system 100 that supports methods for biofeedback using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. The system 100 comprises a variety of electronic devices (e.g., wearable devices 104, user devices 106) that can be worn and / or operated by one or more users 102. The system 100 further comprises a network 108 and one or more servers 110.

[0010] The electronic devices may include all electronic devices known in the art, including portable devices 104 (e.g., ring-shaped portable devices, watch-shaped portable devices, etc.) and user devices 106 (e.g., smartphones, laptops, tablets). The electronic devices associated with the respective users 102 may include one or more of the following functionalities: 1) measuring physiological data, 2) storing the measured data, 3) processing the data, 4) providing outputs (e.g., via GULs) to a user 102 based on the processed data, and 5) communicating data with each other and / or with other computer devices. Different electronic devices may perform one or more of the functionalities.

[0011] Exemplary wearable devices 104 may include wearable computing devices, such as a ring-shaped computing device (hereinafter referred to as "ring") configured to be worn on a user's finger 102, a wrist-worn computing device (e.g., a smartwatch, fitness band, or wristband) configured to be worn on a user's wrist 102, and / or a head-worn computing device (e.g., eyeglasses / safety goggles). Wearable devices 104 may also include bands, straps (e.g., flexible or inflexible bands or straps), adhesive sensors, and the like, which can be positioned in other locations, such as bands around the head (e.g., a headband), arm (e.g., an underarm band and / or a bicep band), and / or leg (e.g., a thigh or calf band), behind the ear, under the armpit, and the like. Wearable devices 104 may also be attached to or integrated into articles of clothing.For example, wearable devices 104 may be contained in pockets and / or pouches attached to clothing. As another example, the wearable device 104 may be clipped and / or attached to clothing or otherwise kept close to the user 102. Examples of clothing items may include hats, shirts, gloves, trousers, socks, outerwear (e.g., jackets), and underwear. In some implementations, wearable devices 104 may be combined with other types of equipment, such as exercise / sports equipment, used during physical activity. For example, wearable devices 104 may be attached to or integrated into a bicycle, skis, a tennis racket, a golf club, and / or exercise weights.

[0012] Much of the present disclosure can be described in the context of a ring-shaped wearable device 104. Accordingly, the terms “ring 104”, “wearable device 104”, and similar terms may be used interchangeably unless otherwise specified herein. However, the use of the term “ring 104” is not to be considered restrictive, since it is acknowledged herein that aspects of the present disclosure may be carried out using other wearable devices (e.g., watch-shaped wearable devices, necklace-shaped wearable devices, bracelet-shaped wearable devices, earring-shaped wearable devices, anklet-shaped wearable devices, and the like).

[0013] In some aspects, user devices can include portable mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. User devices can also include personal computers such as laptops and desktop computers. Other exemplary user devices can include server computers that can communicate with other electronic devices (e.g., via the Internet). In some implementations, computing devices can include medical devices, such as external portable computing devices (e.g., Holter monitors). Medical devices can also include implantable medical devices such as pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators. Other exemplary user devices can include home computing devices, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices (e.g., IoT devices), smart TVs, smart speakers, smart displays (e.g., video call displays), hubs (e.g., smart TVs, smart TVs, smart TVs, smart speakers, smart displays, e.g., smart TVs), and smart home hubs.wireless communication hubs), security systems, smart household appliances (e.g. thermostats and refrigerators) and fitness equipment.

[0014] Some electronic devices (e.g., portable devices 104, user devices 106) can measure physiological parameters of the respective users 102, such as photoplethysmography waveforms, continuous skin temperature, a pulse waveform, respiratory rate, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), actigraphy, galvanic skin response, pulse oximetry, and / or other physiological parameters. Some electronic devices that measure physiological parameters can also perform some or all of the calculations described herein. Some electronic devices may not measure physiological parameters but can perform some or all of the calculations described herein. For example, a ring (e.g., portable device 104), a mobile device application, or a server computer device can process received physiological data measured by other devices.

[0015] In some implementations, a user 102 can operate or be associated with multiple electronic devices, some of which measure physiological parameters and some of which process the measured physiological parameters. In some implementations, a user 102 can have a ring (e.g., wearable device 104) that measures physiological parameters. The user 102 can also have or be associated with a user device 106 (e.g., mobile device, smartphone), with the wearable device 104 and the user device 106 being communicatively coupled. In some cases, the user device 106 can receive data from the wearable device 104 and perform some or all of the computations described herein. In some implementations, the user device 106 can also measure physiological parameters described herein, such as movement / activity parameters.

[0016] For example, as in Fig. Figure 1 illustrates a first user 102-a (user 1) operating or being associated with a wearable device 104-a (e.g., ring 104-a) and a user device 106a, which can operate as described herein. In this example, the user device 106a associated with user 102-a can process / store physiological parameters measured by ring 104-a. In comparison, a second user 102-b (user 2) can be associated with a ring 104-b, a watch-shaped wearable device 104-c (e.g., watch 104-c), and a user device 106b, wherein the user device 106b associated with user 102-b can process / store physiological parameters measured by ring 104-b and / or watch 104-c. Furthermore, an nth user 102-n (user N) can be associated with an arrangement of electronic devices described herein (e.g. ring 104-n, user device 106n).In some aspects, wearable devices 104 (e.g. rings 104, watches 104) and other electronic devices can be communicatively paired with the user devices 106 of the respective users 102 via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other wireless protocols.

[0017] In some implementations, the rings 104 (e.g., wearable devices 104) of the system 100 may be configured to acquire physiological data from the respective users 102 based on the arterial blood flow in the user's finger. Specifically, a ring 104 may employ one or more light-emitting components, such as LEDs (e.g., red LEDs, green LEDs), that emit light onto the palm side of a user's finger to acquire physiological data based on the arterial blood flow in the user's finger. In general, the terms light-emitting components, light-emitting elements, and similar terms may include, but are not limited to, LEDs, micro-LEDs, mini-LEDs, laser diodes (LDs), and the like.

[0018] In some cases, the System 100 can be configured to acquire physiological data from the respective users 102 based on the blood flow diffused into a microvascular bed of capillaries and arterioles in the skin. For example, the System 100 can acquire PPG data based on a measured volume of blood that has diffused into the microvascular system of capillaries and arterioles. In some implementations, the Ring 104 can acquire the physiological data using a combination of green and red LEDs. The physiological data can include any physiological data known in the technology, including, but not limited to, temperature data, accelerometer data (e.g., motion / movement data), heart rate data, HRV data, blood oxygen content data, or any combination thereof.

[0019] The use of both green and red LEDs can offer several advantages over other solutions, as red and green LEDs have been found to have distinct advantages in capturing physiological data under various conditions (e.g., light / dark, active / inactive) and across different body parts. For example, green LEDs have been found to perform better during exercise. Furthermore, the use of multiple LEDs (e.g., green and red LEDs) distributed around the ring 104 has been found to offer superior performance compared to wearable devices that use LEDs positioned close together, such as in a watch-shaped wearable device. Additionally, blood vessels in the finger (e.g., arteries, capillaries) are more easily accessible via LEDs than blood vessels in the wrist. In particular, arteries in the wrist are located on the underside of the wrist (e.g., the cubital fossa).The Ring 104 is positioned on the palm side of the wrist, meaning that only capillaries on the top of the wrist (e.g., the back of the hand) are accessible, where watch-shaped wearable devices and similar equipment are typically worn. Therefore, it has been found that using LEDs and other sensors in a Ring 104 offers superior performance compared to wrist-worn wearable devices, as the Ring 104 can have greater access to arteries (compared to capillaries), resulting in stronger signals and more valuable physiological data.

[0020] The electronic devices of the system 100 (e.g., user devices 106, portable devices 104) can be communicatively coupled with one or more servers 110 via wired or wireless communication protocols. For example, as in Fig. Figure 1 shows that electronic devices (e.g., user devices 106) are communicatively coupled to one or more servers 110 via a network 108. The network 108 can implement the Transfer Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), such as the Internet, or other network protocols 108. Network connections between the network 108 and the respective electronic devices can enable the transport of data via email, web, text messaging, mail, or any other suitable form of interaction within a computer network 108. For example, in some implementations, the ring 104-a associated with the first user 102-a can be communicatively coupled to the user device 106a, with the user device 106a being communicatively coupled to the servers 110 via the network 108. In additional or alternative cases, portable devices 104 (e.g.,Rings 104, watches 104) are directly communicatively linked to the network 108.

[0021] System 100 can provide an on-demand database service between user devices 106 and one or more servers 110. In some cases, the servers 110 can receive data from the user devices 106 over the network 108 and store and analyze the data. Similarly, the servers 110 can provide data to the user devices 106 over the network 108. In some cases, the servers 110 can be located in one or more data centers. The servers 110 can be used for data storage, management, and processing. In some implementations, the servers 110 can provide a web-based interface to the user device 106 via web browsers.

[0022] In some aspects, the system can detect periods of time when a user is asleep and classify these periods into one or more sleep stages (e.g., sleep stage classification). For example, as in Fig. Figure 1 shows that user 102-a is associated with a wearable device 104-a (e.g., Ring 104-a) and a user device 106a. In this example, Ring 104-a can collect physiological data associated with user 102-a, including temperature, heart rate, HRV, respiratory rate, and the like. In some aspects, data collected by Ring 104-a can be fed into a machine learning classifier, which is configured to determine periods during which user 102-a is (or has been) asleep. Furthermore, the machine learning classifier can be configured to classify these periods into different sleep stages, including awake sleep, REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, light sleep (non-REM (NREM)), and deep sleep (NREM).In some aspects, the classified sleep stages can be displayed to user 102-a via a GUI on the user device 106a. Sleep stage classification can be used to provide user 102-a with feedback regarding their sleep patterns, such as recommended bedtimes, recommended wake-up times, and the like. Furthermore, in some implementations, the sleep stage classification techniques described herein can be used to calculate values ​​for the respective user, such as sleep scores, readiness scores, and the like.

[0023] In some aspects, the system can utilize features derived from the circadian rhythm to further enhance the acquisition of physiological data, data processing procedures, and other techniques described herein. The term circadian rhythm can refer to a natural, internal process that regulates a person's sleep-wake cycle and repeats approximately every 24 hours. In this respect, techniques described herein can utilize circadian rhythm adaptation models to improve the acquisition, analysis, and processing of physiological data. For example, a circadian rhythm adaptation model, along with physiological data acquired by the user 102-a via the wearable device 104-a, can be fed into a machine learning classifier.In this example, the circadian rhythm adjustment model can be configured to "weight" or adjust physiological data collected during a user's natural, approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm. In some implementations, the system may initially start with a "base" circadian rhythm adjustment model and modify the base model using physiological data collected from each user to generate tailored, individualized circadian rhythm adjustment models specific to each user.

[0024] In some aspects, the system can utilize 100 other biological rhythms to further improve the acquisition, analysis, and processing of physiological data according to phases of these other rhythms. For example, if a weekly rhythm is detected in an individual's baseline data, the model can be configured to adjust the data's "weights" according to the day of the week. Biological rhythms that may require model adjustment in this way include: 1) ultradian rhythms (faster than a diurnal rhythm, including sleep cycles during sleep and oscillations of less than one hour to several hours of periodicity in measured physiological variables while awake); 2) circadian rhythms; 3) non-endogenous daily rhythms that are demonstrably superimposed on circadian rhythms, such as work schedules; 4) weekly rhythms or other artificial time periodicities that are exogenously imposed (e.g.,5) multi-day ovarian rhythms in women and spermatogenesis rhythms in men; 6) lunar rhythms (relevant for people living with little or no artificial light); and 7) seasonal rhythms.

[0025] Biological rhythms are not always stationary. For example, many women experience variability in ovarian cycle length across cycles, and ultradian rhythms are not expected to occur at precisely the same time or with the same periodicity over the days, even within a single user. Therefore, signal processing techniques sufficient to quantify the frequency composition while preserving the temporal resolution of these rhythms in physiological data can be used to improve the detection of these rhythms, assign the phase of each rhythm to each measured time point, and thereby modify fitting models and comparisons of time intervals.The models and parameters for adapting to the biological rhythm can be added in linear or nonlinear combinations, depending on what is appropriate to more accurately capture the dynamic physiological baselines of an individual or group of individuals.

[0026] In some aspects, the respective devices of the 100 system can support biofeedback techniques. In particular, this can be achieved in Fig. The system 100 shown supports techniques for providing insights to a user 102 by causing a user device 106 appropriate to the user 102 to display insights relevant to the user 102 according to the physiological data associated with the user 102. For example, as shown in Fig. Figure 1 shows a user 102-a associated with a wearable device 104-a (e.g., Ring 104-a) and a user device 106-a. The user device 106-a can acquire physiological data associated with the user 102-a from the wearable device 104-a. The physiological data can include at least heart rate data associated with the user 102-a. The user device 106-a can select a feedback response indicative of the physiological data associated with the user 102-a. The feedback response can include one or more acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses.

[0027] System 100 can provide User 102-a with insights associated with User 102-a's physiological data using one or more acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses. In other words, System 100 can output a representation of User 102-a's heart rate to User 102-a in the form of acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses. For example, User Device 106-a can output User 102-a's heart rate in the form of one or more metronome-like audio pulses corresponding to User 102-a's heart rate. In some implementations, User Device 106-a can output a modified version of User 102-a's heart rate. For example, the user device 106-a can output fewer metronome audio pulses (e.g., reduced heartbeats per minute) than the heart rate of the user 102-a.Additionally or alternatively, the user device 106-a can output a modified version of the user 102-a's heart rate in the form of modified tactile vibration pulses and / or visible light pulses, as described herein. Although the above examples are described in the context of acoustic pulses, the same or similar implementations can be realized for tactile vibration pulses and / or visible light pulses. Each of the components of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can output a heart rate of the user 102-a in the form of acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses.

[0028] The user device 106-a can determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on the physiological data associated with the user 102-a. The one or more parameters can include the intensity of the tactile vibration pulses, the volume of the acoustic pulses, the duration of each tactile vibration pulse, the duration of each acoustic pulse, the frequency of the tactile vibration pulses, the frequency of the acoustic pulses, the duration of each visible light pulse, the brightness of the visible light pulses, or a combination thereof. In accordance with the one or more parameters for the feedback response, the user device 106-a can output the feedback response indicative of the physiological data associated with the user 102-a.The feedback response can be indicative for the user 102-a to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user 102-a (e.g., to maintain, adjust, switch, increase, decrease, and the like). For example, the feedback response can indicate to the user 102-a to maintain a user 102-a heart rate. Alternatively, the feedback response can indicate to the user 102-a to adjust a user 102-a heart rate (e.g., to increase or decrease it). The user device 106-a or one of the components of the system 100 can generate one or more of the acoustic pulses, the tactile vibration pulses, or the visible light pulses, at least partially, based on the heart rate data associated with the user.

[0029] In some implementations, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine an activity (e.g., a physical activity) in which the user 102-a is participating, at least partially based on sensor data from the portable device 104-a. Based on this determination, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can select the feedback response, determine the one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, at least partially based on the activity in which the user 102-a is participating.In some implementations, each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can output to the user 102-a a representation of the user 102-a's heart rate in the form of acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses, at least partially based on the activity in which the user 102-a is engaged. For example, the System 100 can output to the user 102-a a representation of the user 102-a's heart rate in the form of acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses, at least partially based on a running cadence associated with the user 102-a.

[0030] In some implementations, before user 102-a participates in the activity, the system can emit acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses that correspond to a pace and / or speed (e.g., walking pace, walking speed, running pace, running speed, and the like) of user 102-a. The acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses can be updated during the activity in which user 102-a is participating, for example, based on user 102-a's current heart rate. In some implementations, the system can integrate biofeedback (e.g., user 102-a's heart rate to music) into a song.For example, System 100 can use User 102-a's heart rate to control the selection of a song that has a specific underlying rhythm, and System 100 could adjust the user's running cadence to that underlying rhythm. In other implementations, User 102-a can specify the activity in which User 102-a is engaged, for example, through an application running on User Device 106-a.

[0031] In some other implementations, each component of System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can identify a ready state or a sleep state associated with user 102-a. Each component of System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can then select a feedback response, determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, at least partially based on the ready state or sleep state associated with user 102-a.

[0032] In other implementations, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a change in one or more physiological data associated with the user 102-a after the feedback response indicative of the physiological data has been issued to the user 102-a. For example, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine that the heart rate of the user 102-a is lower or higher.Each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, the one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can then adjust the feedback response, including the one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the change in the one or more physiological data associated with the user 102-a. The user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a can output the adjusted feedback response, which is indicative of the change in the one or more physiological data, in accordance with the one or more adjusted parameters for the feedback response.For example, the user device 106-a can increase or decrease one or more of the strength of the tactile vibration pulses, the volume of the acoustic pulses, the duration of each tactile vibration pulse, the duration of each acoustic pulse, the frequency of the tactile vibration pulses, the frequency of the acoustic pulses, the duration of each visible light pulse, the brightness of the visible light pulses, or a combination thereof.

[0033] Additionally or alternatively, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, the one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a change in an activity in which the user 102-a is involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the portable device 104-a. Each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, the one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can adjust the feedback response, including the one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user 102-a is involved.As a result, each of the components of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can cause the user device 106-a to output the adapted feedback response indicative of the change in the one or more physiological data, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user 102-a is involved.

[0034] In some implementations, any component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can cause an audio interface of the user device 106-a to output the acoustic pulses. Alternatively, any component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can cause a GUI of the user device 106-a to output the tactile vibration pulses.

[0035] In some implementations, any component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can pair the user device 106-a with a Bluetooth device (e.g., Bluetooth headphones / headset or other Bluetooth speakers) or another wirelessly connected device (e.g., a Wi-Fi-enabled device or other wireless logging-capable devices). Each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can cause the Bluetooth device to emit the acoustic pulses indicative of the physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing.Additionally or alternatively, any component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can cause the Bluetooth device to output tactile vibration pulses indicative of physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing. The System 100 can thereby provide real-time biofeedback (e.g., heart rate and cadence) in the form of acoustic pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses by connecting one of the components of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, to the Bluetooth device.

[0036] In some implementations, any component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can transmit a command to the portable device 104-a to cause an interface (e.g., one or more sensors) of the portable device 104-a to output tactile vibration pulses or visible light pulses indicative of physiological data. For example, the ring 104-a can output the tactile vibration pulses or visible light pulses indicative of physiological data to the user 102-a.

[0037] In some implementations, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can synchronize data between two or more users 102. For example, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can receive second physiological data associated with a second user 102-b. The second physiological data may include second heart rate data associated with the second user 102-b.Each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can synchronize the physiological data associated with user 102-a and the second physiological data associated with the second user 102-b. In some implementations, each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can synchronize physiological data across a group of users 102.To synchronize physiological data, each component of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a target heart rate for a group of users 102. A group of users 102 can comprise two or more users 102. Based at least partially on physiological data acquired from the group of users 102, each user 102 would be guided toward achieving the target heart rate with individual (or collective) feedback. For example, if a user 102's heart rate level were very far from the selected target heart rate, they might not benefit from the same level of feedback as the other users 102 who are closer to achieving the target heart rate; rather, more granular feedback would be preferable.

[0038] In some implementations, each of the components of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can select audio content from a variety of audio content, at least partially based on the physiological data associated with the user 102-a, and output the audio content to the user 102-a via the user device 106-a.

[0039] In some implementations, each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a heart rate zone, at least partially, based on the physiological data acquired by the portable device 104-a and associated with the user 102-a. In some implementations, each component of the System 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can select the indicative feedback response for the physiological data associated with the user 102-a, at least partially, based on the heart rate zone.The feedback response can be indicative for user 102-a to maintain a heart rate associated with user 102-a within the heart rate zone or to adjust the heart rate associated with user 102-a to switch to a different heart rate zone within a set of heart rate zones associated with user 102-a. The set of heart rate zones can include one or more of a first range of heart rates associated with a first percentage of user 102-a's maximum heart rate, a second range of heart rates associated with a second percentage of user 102-a's maximum heart rate, or a third range of heart rates associated with a third percentage of user 102-a's maximum heart rate, or a combination thereof.

[0040] Each of the components of the system 100, including the portable device 104-a, the user device 106-a associated with the user 102-a, the one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can select the indicative feedback response for the physiological data associated with the user 102-a, at least partially based on a machine learning model.The machine learning model is trained to recognize relationships between the respective heart rate data and one or more of the respective size of the respective tactile vibration pulses, the respective volume of the respective sound pulses, the respective duration of each tactile vibration pulse, the respective duration of each sound pulse, the respective frequency of the respective tactile vibration pulses, the respective frequency of the respective sound pulses, the respective duration of each visible light pulse, the respective brightness of the visible light pulses, or a combination thereof.

[0041] It should be appreciated by a person with technical expertise that one or more aspects of the disclosure can be implemented in a System 100 to solve problems other than those described above, either additionally or alternatively. Furthermore, aspects of the disclosure may offer technical improvements over "conventional" systems or processes, as described herein. However, the description and accompanying drawings contain only examples of technical improvements resulting from the implementation of aspects of the disclosure and, accordingly, do not represent all the technical improvements provided within the scope of the claims.

[0042] Fig. Figure 2 illustrates an example of a System 200 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to the aspects of this disclosure. The System 200 can implement the System 100 or be implemented by it. In particular, the System 200 illustrates an example of a Ring 104 (e.g., a portable device 104), a user device 106, and a Server 110, as described in relation to Fig. 1 described.

[0043] In some aspects, the Ring 104 can be configured to be worn around a user's finger and can determine one or more of the user's physiological parameters while worn. Example measurements and determinations may include, but are not limited to, the user's skin temperature, pulse waveforms, respiratory rate, heart rate, HRV, blood oxygen levels, and the like.

[0044] System 200 further includes a user device 106 (e.g., a smartphone) communicating with the Ring 104. For example, the Ring 104 can communicate wirelessly and / or via a wired connection with the user device 106. In some implementations, the Ring 104 can send measured and processed data (e.g., temperature data, photoplethysmogram (PPG) data, motion / accelerometer data, Ring input data, and the like) to the user device 106. The user device 106 can also send data to the Ring 104, such as firmware / configuration updates for the Ring 104. The user device 106 can process data. In some implementations, the user device 106 can transfer data to the Server 110 for processing and / or storage.

[0045] The ring 104 can comprise a housing 205, which may include an inner housing 205-a and an outer housing 205-b. In some aspects, the housing 205 of the ring 104 can store or otherwise contain various components of the ring, including, but not limited to, device electronics, a power source (e.g., battery 210 and / or capacitor), one or more substrates (e.g., printed circuit boards) connecting the device electronics and / or the power source, and the like. The device electronics can include device modules (e.g., hardware / software), such as a processing module 230-a, a memory 215, a communication module 220-a, a power module 225, and the like. The device electronics can also include one or more sensors. Examples of sensors include one or more temperature sensors 240, a PPG sensor array (e.g. PPG system 235) and one or more motion sensors 245.

[0046] The sensors may include associated modules (not shown) configured to communicate with the respective components / modules of the Ring 104 and generate signals associated with those sensors. In some aspects, each of the components / modules of the Ring 104 may be communicatively coupled to the others via wired or wireless connections. Furthermore, the Ring 104 may include additional and / or alternative sensors or other components configured to collect physiological data from the user, including light sensors (e.g., LEDs), oximeters, and the like.

[0047] The one in relation to Fig. The ring 104 shown and described in section 2 serves only for illustration. As such, the ring 104 can have additional or alternative components to those shown in Fig. The ring 104 shown in Figure 2 comprises other rings 104 that provide the functionality described herein. For example, rings 104 can be manufactured with fewer components (e.g., sensors). In one specific example, a ring 104 can be manufactured with a single temperature sensor 240 (or other sensor), a power source, and device electronics configured to read the single temperature sensor 240 (or other sensor). In another specific example, a temperature sensor 240 (or other sensor) can be attached to a user's finger (e.g., using clips, spring-loaded clips, etc.). In this case, the sensor can be wired to another computing device, such as a wrist-worn computer device, that reads the temperature sensor 240 (or other sensor).In other examples, a ring 104 can be manufactured that includes additional sensors and processing functionality.

[0048] The housing 205 can comprise one or more housing components 205. The housing 205 can comprise an outer housing component 205-b (e.g., a shell) and an inner housing component 205-a (e.g., a molded part). The housing 205 can include additional components (e.g., additional layers) that are in Fig. 2 are not explicitly shown. For example, in some implementations, the ring 104 may include one or more insulating layers that electrically insulate the device electronics and other conductive materials (e.g., electrical traces) from the outer enclosure 205-b (e.g., a metallic outer enclosure 205-b). The enclosure 205 may provide structural support for the device electronics, the battery 210, the substrate(s), and other components. For example, the enclosure 205 may protect the device electronics, the battery 210, and the substrate(s) from mechanical forces such as pressure and shock. The enclosure 205 may also protect the device electronics, the battery 210, and the substrate(s) from water and / or other chemicals.

[0049] The outer casing 205-b can be made of one or more materials. In some implementations, the outer casing 205-b may include a metal such as titanium, which can provide strength and abrasion resistance at a relatively low weight. The outer casing 205-b may also be made of other materials such as polymers. In some implementations, the outer casing 205-b may be both protective and decorative.

[0050] The inner housing 205-a can be configured to come into contact with the user's finger. The inner housing 205-a can be made of a polymer (e.g., a medical-grade polymer) or another material. In some implementations, the inner housing 205-a can be transparent. For example, the inner housing 205-a can be transparent to light emitted by the PPG light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In some implementations, the inner housing component 205-a can be molded onto the outer housing component 205-b. For example, the inner housing 205-a can comprise a polymer that is shaped (e.g., by injection molding) to fit into a metallic shell of the outer housing 205-b.

[0051] Ring 104 can comprise one or more substrates (not shown). The device electronics and the battery 210 can be contained on one or more substrates. For example, the device electronics and the battery 210 can be mounted on one or more substrates. Exemplary substrates can include one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs), such as flexible PCBs (e.g., made of polyimide). In some implementations, the electronics / battery 210 can include surface-mount components (e.g., surface-mount technology (SMT) components) on a flexible PCB. In some implementations, the one or more substrates (e.g., one or more flexible PCBs) can include electrical conductors that enable electrical communication between the components of the device electronics. The electrical conductors can also connect the battery 210 to the device electronics.

[0052] The device electronics, the battery 210, and the substrates can be arranged in various ways within the ring 104. In some implementations, a substrate containing the device electronics can be mounted along the underside of the ring 104 (e.g., the lower half), so that the sensors (e.g., PPG system 235, temperature sensors 240, motion sensors 245, and other sensors) make contact with the underside of the user's finger. In these implementations, the battery 210 can be located along the upper part of the ring 104 (e.g., on a different substrate).

[0053] The various components / modules of Ring 104 represent functionality (e.g., circuits and other components) that may be included in Ring 104. Modules may comprise any discrete and / or integrated electronic circuit components that implement analog and / or digital circuits capable of producing the functions attributed to the modules herein. For example, the modules may include analog circuits (e.g., amplifier circuits, filter circuits, analog-to-digital converter circuits, and / or other signal conditioning circuits). The modules may also include digital circuits (e.g., combinational or sequential logic circuits, memory circuits, etc.).

[0054] The memory 215 (memory module) of the ring 104 can comprise any volatile, non-volatile, magnetic, or electrical media, such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, or any other storage device. The memory 215 can store all the data described herein. For example, the memory 215 can be configured to store data (e.g., motion data, temperature data, PPG data) acquired by the respective sensors and the PPG system 235. Furthermore, the memory 215 can contain instructions which, when executed by one or more processing circuits, cause the modules to perform various functions assigned to the modules herein. The device electronics of the ring 104 described herein are only an example of device electronics.Therefore, the types of electronic components used to implement the device electronics can vary depending on design considerations.

[0055] The functions attributed herein to the modules of Ring 104 can be embodied as one or more processors, hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. The representation of various features as modules is intended to highlight different functional aspects and does not necessarily imply that such modules must be implemented by separate hardware / software components. Rather, the functionality associated with one or more modules can be executed by separate hardware / software components or integrated into common hardware / software components.

[0056] The processing module 230-a of Ring 104 can include one or more processors (e.g., processing units), microcontrollers, digital signal processors, systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), and / or other processing devices. The processing module 230-a communicates with the modules contained in Ring 104. For example, the processing module 230-a can send / receive data to / from the modules and other components of Ring 104, such as the sensors. As described herein, the modules can be implemented using various circuit components. Accordingly, the modules can also be referred to as circuits (e.g., a communication circuit and a power supply circuit).

[0057] The processing module 230-a can communicate with the memory 215. The memory 215 can contain computer-readable instructions which, when executed by the processing module 230-a, cause the processing module 230-a to perform the various functions assigned to the processing module 230-a herein. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a (e.g., a microcontroller) may include additional features associated with other modules, such as communication functionality provided by the communication module 220-a (e.g., an integrated Bluetooth Low Energy transceiver) and / or additional onboard memory 215.

[0058] The communication module 220-a can include circuitry that enables wireless and / or wired communication with the user device 106 (e.g., the communication module 220-b of the user device 106). In some implementations, the communication modules 220-a and 220-b can include wireless communication circuitry such as Bluetooth and / or Wi-Fi circuitry. In other implementations, the communication modules 220-a and 220-b can include wired communication circuitry such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication circuitry. Using the communication module 220-a, the ring 104 and the user device 106 can be configured to communicate with each other. The processing module 230-a of the ring can be configured to send / receive data to / from the user device 106 via the communication module 220-a.Example data may include motion data, temperature data, pulse waveforms, heart rate data, HRV data, PPG data, and status updates (e.g., charging status, battery charge level, and / or configuration settings of the ring 104). The ring's processing module 230-a may also be configured to receive updates (e.g., software / firmware updates) and data from the user device 106.

[0059] The Ring 104 can include a Battery 210 (e.g., a rechargeable Battery 210). An example Battery 210 could be a lithium-ion or lithium-polymer Battery 210, although a variety of Battery 210 options are possible. The Battery 210 can be charged wirelessly. In some implementations, the Ring 104 can include a power source other than the Battery 210, such as a capacitor. The power source (e.g., Battery 210 or capacitor) can have a curved geometry that matches the curvature of the Ring 104. In some aspects, a charger or other power source can include additional sensors that can be used to collect data in addition to or supplementing the data acquired by the Ring 104 itself.In addition, a charger or other power source for the Ring 104 can act as a user device 106, in which case the charger or other power source for the Ring 104 can be configured to receive data from the Ring 104, store and / or process data received from the Ring 104, and communicate data between the Ring 104 and the servers 110.

[0060] In some aspects, the Ring 104 includes a power module 225 that can control the charging of the battery 210. For example, the power module 225 can be connected to an external wireless charger that charges the battery 210 when connected to the Ring 104. The charger can have a reference structure that aligns with a reference structure of the Ring 104 to establish a specified alignment with the Ring 104 during charging. The power module 225 can also control the voltage(s) of the device electronics, regulate the power output to the device electronics, and monitor the state of charge of the battery 210. In some implementations, the battery 210 can include a protection circuit module (PCM) that protects the battery 210 from high current discharge, overvoltage during charging of the Ring 104, and undervoltage during discharging of the Ring 104.The power module 225 can also include protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD).

[0061] One or more temperature sensors 240 can be electrically coupled to the processing module 230-a. The temperature sensor 240 can be configured to generate a temperature signal (e.g., temperature data) indicating a temperature measured or detected by the temperature sensor 240. The processing module 230-a can determine the user's temperature at the location of the temperature sensor 240. For example, temperature data generated by the temperature sensor 240 in the ring 104 can indicate a user's temperature at the user's finger (e.g., skin temperature). In some implementations, the temperature sensor 240 can touch the user's skin. In other implementations, part of the housing 205 (e.g., the inner housing 205-a) can form a barrier (e.g., a thin, thermally conductive barrier) between the temperature sensor 240 and the user's skin.In some implementations, parts of the ring 104 configured to touch the user's finger may have thermally conductive and thermally insulating sections. The thermally conductive sections can conduct heat from the user's finger to the temperature sensors 240. The thermally insulating sections can insulate parts of the ring 104 (e.g., the temperature sensor 240) from the ambient temperature.

[0062] In some implementations, the temperature sensor 240 can generate a digital signal (e.g., temperature data) that the processing module 230-a can use to determine the temperature. As another example, in cases where the temperature sensor 240 includes a passive sensor, the processing module 230-a (or a temperature sensor module 240) can measure a current / voltage generated by the temperature sensor 240 and determine the temperature based on the measured current / voltage. Example temperature sensors 240 can include a thermistor, such as an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor, or other types of sensors, including resistors, transistors, diodes, and / or other electrical / electronic components.

[0063] The 230-a processing module can sample the user's temperature over time. For example, the 230-a processing module can sample the user's temperature at a specified sampling rate. An example sampling rate might be one sample per second, although the 230-a processing module can be configured to sample the temperature signal at other rates higher or lower than one sample per second. In some implementations, the 230-a processing module can continuously sample the user's temperature throughout the day and night. Sampling at a sufficient rate (e.g., one sample per second) throughout the day can provide sufficient temperature data for the analysis described herein.

[0064] The 230-a processing module can store the sampled temperature data in memory 215. In some implementations, the 230-a processing module can process the sampled temperature data. For example, the 230-a processing module can determine average temperature values ​​over a specific period. In one example, the 230-a processing module can determine an average temperature value per minute by summing all the temperature values ​​collected over the minute and dividing by the number of samples taken over the minute. In a specific example where the temperature is sampled at one sample per second, the average temperature can be the sum of all the sampled temperatures for one minute divided by sixty seconds. Memory 215 can store the average temperature values ​​over time. In some implementations, memory 215 can store average temperatures (e.g.,(one per minute) instead of sampled temperatures to save storage space 215.

[0065] The sampling rate that can be stored in memory 215 can be configured. In some implementations, the sampling rate can be the same during the day and night. In other implementations, the sampling rate can change during the day / night. In some implementations, the ring 104 can filter / discard temperature readings, such as large temperature spikes that do not indicate physiological changes (e.g., a temperature spike from a hot shower). In some implementations, the ring 104 can filter / discard temperature readings that may be unreliable due to other factors, such as excessive movement during exercise 104 (e.g., as indicated by a motion sensor 245).

[0066] Ring 104 (e.g., the communication module) can transmit the sampled and / or averaged temperature data to user device 106 for storage and / or further processing. User device 106 can transmit the sampled and / or averaged temperature data to server 110 for storage and / or further processing.

[0067] Although the ring 104 is depicted as being equipped with a single temperature sensor 240, the ring 104 may include multiple temperature sensors 240 in one or more locations, for example, arranged along the inner housing 205-a near the user's finger. In some implementations, the temperature sensors 240 may be stand-alone temperature sensors 240. Additionally or alternatively, one or more temperature sensors 240 may be included with other components (e.g., packaged together with other components), such as the accelerometer and / or processor.

[0068] The processing module 230-a can acquire and process data from multiple temperature sensors 240 in a similar manner to how it was described for a single temperature sensor 240. For example, the processing module 230-a can sample, average, and store temperature data from each of the multiple temperature sensors 240 individually. In other examples, the processing module 230-a can sample the sensors at different rates and average / store different values ​​for the different sensors. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a can be configured to determine a single temperature based on the average of two or more temperatures measured by two or more temperature sensors 240 at different locations on the finger.

[0069] The temperature sensors 240 on the Ring 104 can detect distal temperatures on the user's finger (e.g., on each finger). For example, one or more temperature sensors 240 on the Ring 104 can detect a user's temperature on the underside of a finger or at another location on the finger. In some implementations, the Ring 104 can continuously detect the distal temperature (e.g., at a sampling rate). Although this describes the distal temperature measured by a Ring 104 on a finger, other devices may measure the temperature at the same or different locations. In some cases, the distal temperature measured on a user's finger may differ from the temperature measured at the wrist or another external body location. Additionally, the distal temperature measured on a user's finger (e.g., a "shell temperature") may differ from the user's core temperature.Therefore, the Ring 104 can provide a useful temperature signal that might not be detected at other internal / external body sites. In some cases, continuous finger temperature measurement can detect temperature fluctuations (e.g., small or large variations) that might not be apparent in the core temperature. For example, continuous finger temperature measurement can detect minute-by-minute or hourly temperature variations, providing additional insights that might not be provided by other temperature measurements taken elsewhere in the body.

[0070] The Ring 104 can include a PPG System 235. The PPG System 235 can include one or more optical transmitters that emit light. The PPG System 235 can also include one or more optical receivers that receive light emitted by the one or more optical transmitters. An optical receiver can generate a signal (hereinafter referred to as the "PPG signal") that indicates the amount of light received by the optical receiver. The optical transmitters can illuminate an area of ​​the user's finger. The PPG signal generated by the PPG System 235 can indicate blood flow in the illuminated area. For example, the PPG signal can indicate changes in blood volume in the illuminated area caused by a user's pulse pressure. The Processing Module 230-a can sample the PPG signal and determine a pulse waveform of the user based on the PPG signal.The 230-a processing module can determine a variety of physiological parameters based on the user's pulse waveform, such as respiratory rate, heart rate, HRV, oxygen saturation, and other circulatory parameters.

[0071] In some implementations, the PPG System 235 can be configured as a reflective PPG System 235, where the optical receiver(s) receive emitted light that is reflected by the user's finger. In other implementations, the PPG System 235 can be configured as a transmissive PPG System 235, where the optical transmitter(s) and optical receiver(s) are positioned opposite each other, so that light is transmitted directly through part of the user's finger to the optical receiver(s).

[0072] The number and ratio of transmitters and receivers included in the PPG system 235 can vary. Example optical transmitters may include light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The optical transmitters may emit light in the infrared spectrum and / or other spectra. Example optical receivers include, but are not limited to, photosensors, phototransistors, and photodiodes. The optical receivers may be configured to generate PPG signals in response to wavelengths received from the optical transmitters. The position of the transmitters and receivers may vary. Additionally, a single device may include reflective and / or transmissive PPG systems 235.

[0073] The in Fig. The PPG system 235 shown in Figure 2 can, in some implementations, comprise a reflective PPG system 235. In these implementations, the PPG system 235 can include a centrally located optical receiver (e.g., on the underside of ring 104) and two optical transmitters on either side of the optical receiver. In this implementation, the PPG system 235 (e.g., the optical receiver) can generate the PPG signal based on the light received from one or both optical transmitters. In other implementations, other placements, combinations, and / or configurations of one or more optical transmitters and / or optical receivers are conceivable.

[0074] The 230-a processing module can control one or both optical emitters to emit light while sampling the PPG signal generated by the optical receiver. In some implementations, the 230-a processing module can cause the optical emitter with the stronger received signal to emit light while sampling the PPG signal generated by the optical receiver. For example, the selected optical emitter can emit light continuously while the PPG signal is sampled at a sampling rate (e.g., 250 Hz).

[0075] Sampling the PPG signal generated by the PPG system 235 can result in a pulse waveform, which can be referred to as a "PPG". The pulse waveform can indicate blood pressure over time for several cardiac cycles. The pulse waveform may contain peaks that indicate cardiac cycles. Additionally, the pulse waveform may contain respiratory-induced variations that can be used to determine respiratory rate. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a can store the pulse waveform in memory 215. The processing module 230-a can process the pulse waveform during its generation and / or from memory 215 to determine the user's physiological parameters described herein.

[0076] The 230-a processing module can determine the user's heart rate based on the pulse waveform. For example, the 230-a processing module can determine the heart rate (e.g., in beats per minute) based on the time between peaks in the pulse waveform. This time between peaks can be referred to as the interbeat interval (IBI). The 230-a processing module can store the determined heart rate and IBI values ​​in memory 215.

[0077] The 230-a processing module can determine heart rate variability (HRV) over time. For example, it can determine HRV based on the variation of inspiratory bipolar index (IBI) values. It can store these HRV values ​​over time in memory 215. Furthermore, the 230-a processing module can determine the user's respiratory rate over time. For example, it can determine the respiratory rate based on frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, or baseline modulation of the user's IBI values ​​over a specific period. The respiratory rate can be calculated in breaths per minute or as another unit (e.g., breaths per 30 seconds). The 230-a processing module can store these respiratory rate values ​​over time in memory 215.

[0078] The ring 104 can include one or more motion sensors 245, such as one or more accelerometers (e.g., 6D accelerometers) and / or one or more gyroscopes (gyros). The motion sensors 245 can generate motion signals that indicate the movement of the sensors. For example, the ring 104 can include one or more accelerometers that generate acceleration signals indicating the acceleration of the accelerometers. As another example, the ring 104 can include one or more gyroscopic sensors that generate gyroscopic signals indicating angular motion (e.g., angular velocity) and / or changes in orientation. The motion sensors 245 can be contained in one or more sensor packages. An example accelerometer / gyroscopic sensor is a Bosch BMI160 inertial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor, which can measure angular velocities and accelerations along three perpendicular axes.

[0079] The processing module 230-a can sample motion signals at a sampling rate (e.g., 50 Hz) and determine the motion of ring 104 based on the sampled motion signals. For example, the processing module 230-a can sample acceleration signals to determine the acceleration of ring 104. As another example, the processing module 230-a can sample a gyro signal to determine the angular motion. In some implementations, the processing module 230-a can store motion data in memory 215. Motion data can include sampled motion data as well as motion data calculated based on the sampled motion signals (e.g., acceleration and angular values).

[0080] The Ring 104 can store a variety of data described herein. For example, the Ring 104 can store temperature data, such as raw sampled temperature data and calculated temperature data (e.g., average temperatures). As another example, the Ring 104 can store PPG signal data, such as pulse waveforms and data calculated based on those pulse waveforms (e.g., heart rate values, IBI values, HRV values, and respiratory rate values). The Ring 104 can also store motion data, such as sampled motion data showing linear and angular movements.

[0081] The Ring 104 or other computer device can calculate and store additional values ​​based on the sampled / calculated physiological data. For example, the Processing Module 230 can calculate and store various metrics, such as sleep metrics (e.g., a sleep score), activity metrics, and readiness metrics. In some implementations, these additional values / metrics may be referred to as "derived values." The Ring 104 or other computer / wearable device can calculate a variety of values / metrics related to movement. Example derived values ​​for movement data may include, but are not limited to, movement count values, regularity values, intensity values, metabolic equivalent of task (METs) values, and orientation values. Movement counts, regularity values, intensity values, and METs can indicate a measure of the user's movement (e.g., speed / acceleration) over time.Orientation values ​​can indicate how the Ring 104 is aligned on the user's finger and whether the Ring 104 is worn on the left or right hand.

[0082] In some implementations, motion counts and regularity scores can be determined by counting the number of acceleration peaks within one or more time periods (e.g., one or more 30-second to 1-minute periods). Intensity scores can indicate the number of motions and their associated intensity (e.g., acceleration values). Intensity scores can be categorized as low, medium, and high based on the associated threshold acceleration values. METs can be determined based on the intensity of the motions during a time period (e.g., 30 seconds), the regularity / irregularity of the motions, and the number of motions associated with each intensity.

[0083] In some implementations, the 230-a processing module can compress the data stored in memory 215. For example, the 230-a processing module can delete sampled data after calculations have been performed based on that data. As another example, the 230-a processing module can average data over longer periods to reduce the number of stored values. In a specific example, if average temperatures for a user over one minute are stored in memory 215, the 230-a processing module can calculate average temperatures over a five-minute period for storage and then delete the one-minute average temperature data. The 230-a processing module can compress data based on a variety of factors, such as...the total amount of used / available memory 215 and / or an elapsed time since the ring 104 last transmitted the data to the user device 106.

[0084] Although a user's physiological parameters can be measured by sensors contained within a Ring 104, other devices can also measure them. For example, while a user's temperature can be measured by a Temperature Sensor 240 contained within a Ring 104, other devices can also measure it. In some cases, other wearable devices (e.g., wrist-worn devices) may contain sensors that measure a user's physiological parameters. Additionally, medical devices, such as external medical devices (e.g., wearable medical devices) and / or implantable medical devices, can measure a user's physiological parameters. One or more sensors on any type of computer device can be used to implement the techniques described herein.

[0085] Physiological measurements can be taken continuously throughout the day and / or night. In some implementations, physiological measurements can be taken during parts of the day and / or night. In some implementations, physiological measurements can be taken in response to the detection that the user is in a specific state, such as an active state, a resting state, and / or a sleeping state. For example, the Ring 104 can take physiological measurements during a resting / sleeping state to obtain clearer physiological signals. In one example, the Ring 104 or another device / system can detect when a user is resting and / or sleeping and capture physiological parameters (e.g., temperature) for that detected state.The devices / systems can use physiological data from the resting / sleeping state and / or other data when the user is in other states to implement the techniques of this disclosure.

[0086] In some implementations, the Ring 104, as described above, can be configured to collect, store, and / or process data and to transfer all data described herein to the user device 106 for storage and / or processing. In some aspects, the user device 106 includes a wearable application 250, an operating system (OS), a web browser application (e.g., Web Browser 280), one or more additional applications, and a GUI 275. The user device 106 may also include other modules and components, including sensors, audio devices, haptic feedback devices, and the like. The wearable application 250 can be an example of an application (e.g., "app") that can be installed on the user device 106. The wearable application 250 can be configured to collect data from the Ring 104, store the collected data, and process the collected data as described herein.For example, the wearable application 250 can include a user interface (Ul) module 255, a capture module 260, a processing module 230b, a communication module 220-b and a storage module (e.g. database 265) configured to store application data.

[0087] The various data processing operations described herein can be performed by Ring 104, User Device 106, Servers 110, or any combination thereof. For example, in some cases, data collected by Ring 104 can be preprocessed and transferred to User Device 106. In this example, User Device 106 can perform some data processing operations on the received data, transfer the data to Servers 110 for processing, or both. For example, in some cases, User Device 106 can perform processing operations that require relatively low processing power and / or operations that require relatively low latency, while User Device 106 can transfer the data to Servers 110 for processing operations that require relatively high processing power and / or operations that allow for relatively higher latency.

[0088] In some aspects, the Ring 104, the User Device 106, and the Server 110 of the System 200 can be configured to evaluate sleep patterns for a user. Specifically, the respective components of the System 200 can be used to collect data from a user via the Ring 104 and generate one or more scores (e.g., Sleep Score, Readiness Score) for the user based on the collected data. For example, as mentioned earlier, the Ring 104 of the System 200 can be worn by a user to collect data from the user, including temperature, heart rate, HRV, and the like. Data collected by the Ring 104 can be used to determine when the user is asleep in order to evaluate the user's sleep for a given "sleep day."In some aspects, scores can be calculated for the user for each sleep day, so that the first sleep day is associated with a first set of scores and the second sleep day with a second set of scores. Scores can be calculated for each sleep day based on the data collected by the Ring 104 during that sleep day. Scores can include, among other things, sleep scores, readiness scores, and similar metrics.

[0089] In some cases, "sleep days" may coincide with traditional calendar days, so that a given sleep day lasts from midnight to midnight of the respective calendar day. In other cases, sleep days may be offset relative to calendar days. For example, sleep days may last from 6:00 PM (18:00) of one calendar day to 6:00 PM (18:00) of the following calendar day. In this example, 6:00 PM can serve as a "cut-off time," where data collected by the user before 6:00 PM is counted for the current sleep day, and data collected by the user after 6:00 PM is counted for the following sleep day. Because most people sleep the most at night, shifting sleep days relative to calendar days can allow System 200 to evaluate sleep patterns for users in a way that aligns with their sleep schedules.In some cases, users may be able to selectively adjust the timing of sleep days relative to calendar days (e.g., via the GUI) so that the sleep days correspond to the length of time that the respective users typically sleep.

[0090] In some implementations, each overall score for a user for each day (e.g., Sleep Score, Readiness Score) can be determined / calculated based on one or more "contributors," "factors," or "contributing factors." For example, a user's overall Sleep Score can be calculated based on a set of contributors, including: total sleep, efficiency, restorativeness, REM sleep, deep sleep, latency, timing, or any combination thereof. The Sleep Score can include any number of contributors. The "Total Sleep" contributor can refer to the sum of all sleep periods during the day. The "Efficiency" contributor can reflect the percentage of sleep time spent in bed compared to wake time and can be calculated using the efficiency average of long sleep periods (e.g., primary sleep period) during the day, weighted by the duration of each sleep period.The contributor "Restfulness" can indicate how restorative the user's sleep is and can be calculated using the average of all sleep periods of the day, weighted by the duration of each period. The "Restfulness" contributor can be based on an "Awakening Score" (e.g., the sum of all awakenings detected during different sleep periods (when the user wakes up)), excessive movement, and a "Stand-Up Score" (e.g., the sum of all stand-ups detected during different sleep periods (when the user gets out of bed)).

[0091] The contributing factor "REM sleep" can refer to the total sum of REM sleep durations across all sleep periods of the day, including REM sleep. Similarly, the contributing factor "deep sleep" can refer to the total sum of deep sleep durations across all sleep periods of the day, including deep sleep. The contributing factor "latency" can indicate how long (e.g., average, median, longest) it takes the user to fall asleep and can be calculated using the average length of sleep periods during the day, weighted by the duration of each period and the number of such periods (e.g., the consolidation of a particular sleep stage or stages can be its own contributing factor or weight other contributing factors).Finally, the contributor “timing” can refer to the relative timing of sleep periods within the sleep day and / or calendar day and can be calculated using the average of all sleep periods of the sleep day, weighted by the duration of each period.

[0092] As another example, a user's overall readiness score can be calculated based on a set of contributors, including: sleep, sleep balance, heart rate, HRV balance, recovery index, temperature, activity, activity balance, or any combination thereof. The readiness score can include any number of contributors. The "sleep" contributor can refer to the combined sleep score of all sleep periods within the sleep day. The "sleep balance" contributor can refer to the cumulative duration of all sleep periods within the sleep day. In particular, sleep balance can indicate to a user whether the sleep they have received over a specific period (e.g., the last two weeks) is in balance with their needs.Adults typically need 7-9 hours of sleep per night to stay healthy and alert, and to perform at their best both mentally and physically. However, it's normal to occasionally have a night of poor sleep, so the "Sleep Balance" contributor considers long-term sleep patterns to determine if each user's sleep needs are being met. The "Resting Heart Rate" contributor can display the lowest heart rate from the longest sleep period of the day (e.g., primary sleep period) and / or the lowest heart rate from naps taken after the primary sleep period.

[0093] Continuing with reference to the "contributors" (e.g., factors, contributing factors) of the Readiness Score, the "HRV Balance" contributor can display the highest average HRV from the primary sleep period and the naps occurring after the primary sleep period. The "HRV Balance" contributor can help users track their recovery status by comparing their HRV trend over an initial period (e.g., two weeks) with an average HRV over a second, longer period (e.g., three months). The "Recovery Index" contributor can be calculated based on the longest sleep period. The Recovery Index measures how long it takes for a user's resting heart rate to stabilize during the night.A sign of very good recovery is that the user's resting heart rate stabilizes during the first half of the night, at least six hours before the user wakes up, giving the body time to recover for the next day. The contributing "body temperature" can be calculated based on the longest sleep period (e.g., primary sleep period) or based on a nap following the longest sleep period, provided the user's highest temperature during the nap is at least 0.5°C higher than the highest temperature during the longest period. In some aspects, the ring can measure a user's body temperature while the user sleeps, and the System 200 can display the user's average temperature relative to their baseline temperature. If a user's body temperature is outside their normal range (e.g.,If the contributor's body temperature is significantly above or below 0.0, the contributor's "body temperature" can be highlighted (e.g., by switching to an "attention" state) or otherwise generate a warning for the user.

[0094] In some aspects, the system can support 200 biofeedback techniques. In particular, this can be done in Fig. System 200, as depicted, supports techniques for providing insights to a user 102 by causing a user device 106, corresponding to the user 102, to display insights relevant to the user 102 according to the physiological data associated with the user 102. For example, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 shows a user associated with Ring 104 and a user device 106. In this example, Ring 104 can collect physiological data associated with the user, including heart rate. User device 106 can collect physiological data associated with User 102-a from Ring 104. The physiological data can include at least heart rate data associated with the user. User device 106-a can select a feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user. The feedback response can include one or more audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses.

[0095] The System 200 can provide the user with insights associated with the user's physiological data using one or more audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses. In other words, the System 200 can output a representation of the user's heart rate in the form of audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses. Each component of the System 200, including the Ring 104, the User Device 106, the Server 110, or any combination thereof, can output a user's heart rate in the form of audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses. In some implementations, the User Device 106 can output a representation of the user's heart rate in the form of audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses via the Wearable Application 250.In some implementations, the user device 106 can output the user's heart rate via the GUI 275 in the form of audio pulses, tactile vibration pulses, or visible light pulses as described herein.

[0096] Fig. Figure 3 illustrates an example of a GUI 300 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of this disclosure. The GUI 300 can implement or be implemented by aspects of System 100 or System 200, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the GUI 300 can be an example of a GUI of a user device 106, which can be examples of GUIs and user devices 106 as they relate to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are described. For example, GUI 300 can be an example of a GUI 275 of a user device 106, as described in relation to Fig. 2 is described. In the example of Fig. 3. The GUI 300 can include an application interface 305 that can be displayed to a user via the GUI 300.

[0097] The application interface 305 can be associated with an application running on a user device 106. In some examples, the application interface 305 can include a set of graphical elements that the application provides so that a user 102 can input data into and receive output from the application via the application interface 305. For example, the application interface 305 can include a graphical element 310 that can output a biofeedback response 315 (e.g., one or more audio pulses 320, audio content 325 (e.g., a song)) to a user 102 corresponding to a user device 106 associated with the GUI 300.As described herein, the biofeedback response 315 can be selected, determined and / or output by any of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110 or any combination thereof, and can be based at least partially on acquired physiological data associated by the ring 104 with the user 102.

[0098] For example, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine and / or select the biofeedback response 315, at least partially, based on an activity in which the user 102 is involved. Additionally or alternatively, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the biofeedback response 315, at least partially, based on a readiness score or a sleep score associated with the user 102, or any other score or data (e.g.,determine and / or select a respiratory rate associated with user 102, a daily heart rate associated with user 102, a stress level associated with user 102.

[0099] The biofeedback response 315 can be output via an audio interface of the user device 106. For example, the audio interface can include one or more loudspeakers of the user device 106 that can output the biofeedback response 315 in the form of one or more audio pulses 320 or other audio content 325 (e.g., a song with a basic rhythm that corresponds to or is similar to the heart rate of the user 102). Each of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the volume of the one or more audio pulses 320 and / or the audio content 325, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of the user 102.Each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the duration of each audio pulse of the audio pulses 320 and / or the duration of the audio content 325, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of user 102. Each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the frequency of the audio pulses 320, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of user 102.

[0100] The biofeedback response 315 can be indicative for user 102 to regulate their heart rate (e.g., to maintain, adjust, change, increase, decrease, and the like). In some examples, the biofeedback response 315 can indicate to user 102 to maintain their heart rate at a current level (e.g., current beats per minute), using one or more audio pulses 320 and / or audio content 325, and at least partially based on an activity in which user 102 is engaged. For example, if user 102 wants to maintain a heart rate at a current level, then the biofeedback response 315 can correspond to the current heart rate. Alternatively, the biofeedback response 315 can indicate to user 102 to adjust their heart rate from a current level (e.g.,to increase or decrease heart rate), using one or more audio pulses 320 and / or audio content 325, and at least partially based on an activity in which the user 102 is involved. For example, if the user 102 wants to increase their heart rate, such as before an activity (e.g., physical exercise and the like), or decrease their heart rate after the activity, or reduce the user 102's stress level, then the biofeedback response 315 can output a higher or lower heart rate in the form of one or more audio pulses 320. In some examples, the biofeedback response 315 can be output to the user 102 until a target heart rate is reached.

[0101] In some other implementations, each of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a heart rate zone associated with the user 102 and select the biofeedback response 315 in the form of one or more audio pulses 320 and / or audio content 325 (e.g., song) to regulate the heart rate of the user 102 within the heart rate zone associated with the user 102 (e.g., to maintain, increase, decrease, and the like) or to switch to another heart rate zone of a set of heart rate zones associated with the user 102.

[0102] Although described in relation to the user device 106, in some implementations a portable device 104 (e.g. a ring 104) can output the biofeedback response 315 (e.g. one or more audio pulses 320 or other audio content 325) to a user 102.

[0103] Fig. Figure 4 illustrates an example of a GUI 400 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of this disclosure. The GUI 400 can implement or be implemented by aspects of System 100 or System 200, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the GUI 400 can be an example of a GUI of a user device 106, which can be examples of GUIs and user devices 106 as they relate to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are described. For example, GUI 400 can be an example of a GUI 275 of a user device 106, as described in relation to Fig. 2 is described. In the example of Fig. 4. The GUI 400 can include an application interface 405 that can be displayed to a user via the GUI 400.

[0104] The application interface 405 can be associated with an application running on a user device 106. In some examples, the application interface 405 can include a set of graphical elements that the application provides so that a user 102 can input data to and receive output from the application via the application interface 405. For example, the application interface 405 can include a graphical element 410 that can output a biofeedback response 415 (e.g., one or more tactile vibration pulses 420) to a user 102 corresponding to a user device 106 associated with the GUI 400.As described herein, the biofeedback response 415 can be selected, determined and / or output by any of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110 or any combination thereof, and can be based at least partially on acquired physiological data associated by the ring 104 with the user 102.

[0105] For example, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine and / or select the biofeedback response 415, at least partially, based on an activity in which the user 102 is involved. Additionally or alternatively, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the biofeedback response 415, at least partially, based on a readiness score or a sleep score associated with the user 102, or any other score or data (e.g.,determine and / or select a respiratory rate associated with user 102, a daily heart rate associated with user 102, a stress level associated with user 102.

[0106] The biofeedback response 415 can be output via the GUI 400 of the user device 106. For example, the GUI 400 can include one or more tactile vibration sensors that can output the biofeedback response 415 in the form of one or more tactile vibration pulses 420 that correspond to or are similar to the heart rate of the user 102. Each component of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the strength of the tactile vibration pulses 420, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of the user 102.Each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the duration of each tactile vibration pulse of the tactile vibration pulses 420, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of user 102. Each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the frequency of the tactile vibration pulses 420, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of user 102.

[0107] Biofeedback response 415 can be indicative for user 102 to regulate their heart rate (e.g., to maintain, adjust, change, increase, decrease, and the like). For example, biofeedback response 415 can indicate to user 102 to maintain their heart rate at a current level (e.g., current beats per minute) using one or more tactile vibration pulses 420, and at least partially based on an activity in which user 102 is engaged. Alternatively, biofeedback response 415 can indicate to user 102 to adjust their heart rate from a current level (e.g., to increase or decrease) using one or more tactile vibration pulses 420, and at least partially based on an activity in which user 102 is engaged.

[0108] In some other implementations, each of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a heart rate zone associated with the user 102 and select the biofeedback response 415 in the form of one or more tactile vibration pulses 420 to regulate the heart rate of the user 102 within the heart rate zone associated with the user 102 (e.g., to maintain, increase, decrease, and the like) or to switch to another heart rate zone of a set of heart rate zones associated with the user 102.

[0109] User 102 can participate in endurance training, which may require them to train in one or more heart rate zones. For example, during endurance training, User 102 might perform specific exercises within a particular heart rate zone. The one or more heart rate zones could include a first endurance zone, a second endurance zone, and a third endurance zone (e.g., a maximum heart rate zone). In some cases, during endurance training, it may be difficult for User 102 to know whether they are maintaining a target heart rate zone, whether they are in an appropriate heart rate zone, and / or whether they are transitioning from one heart rate zone to another.

[0110] In some implementations, the user 102 may use an LED, for example an external Bluetooth LED device (e.g., the user device 106) attached to the user 102's field of vision, or a portable device 104 (e.g., a ring 104) that may be visible to the user 102 from the ring opening, to indicate to the user 102 whether they are maintaining a target heart rate zone, whether they are in an appropriate heart rate zone, and / or whether they are transitioning from one heart rate zone to another, or any combination thereof.In some other implementations, the user 102 can be notified whether they are maintaining a target heart rate zone, whether they are in an appropriate heart rate zone and / or whether they are changing from one heart rate zone to another, or any combination thereof, based on a sound or vibration emitted via an application running on the user device 106 or via the portable device 104.

[0111] In other implementations, with reference to Fig. 4. User 102 can hold a finger over the GUI 400, which can display one or more parts of a heart rate graph associated with User 102. User 102 can feel (e.g., sense) a beating heart through the GUI 400 at the rate at which it was measured at that time. Additionally or alternatively, User 102 can feel (e.g., sense) their current heart rate through the GUI 400. In some other examples, User 102 can feel (e.g., sense) a modified heart rate (e.g., a slower or faster heart rate) output to User 102 through the GUI 400, for example, based on the user's activity or a selected target heart rate that the user might wish to achieve.

[0112] Although described in relation to the user device 106, in some implementations a portable device 104 (e.g. a ring 104) can output the biofeedback response 415 (e.g. one or more tactile vibration pulses 420) to a user 102.

[0113] Fig. Figure 5 illustrates an example of a GUI 500 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. The GUI 500 can implement or be implemented by aspects of System 100 or System 200, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the GUI 500 can be an example of a GUI of a user device 106, which can be examples of GUIs and user devices 106 as they relate to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are described. For example, the GUI 500 can be an example of a GUI 275 of a user device 106, as described in relation to Fig. 2 is described. In the example of Fig. 5. The GUI 500 can include an application interface 505 that can be displayed to a user via the GUI 500.

[0114] The application interface 505 can be associated with an application running on a user device 106. In some examples, the application interface 505 can include a set of graphical elements that the application provides so that a user 102 can input data to and receive output from the application via the application interface 505. For example, the application interface 505 can include a graphical element 510 that can output a biofeedback response 515 (e.g., one or more visible light pulses 520) to a user 102 corresponding to a user device 106 associated with the GUI 500.As described herein, the biofeedback response 515 can be selected, determined and / or output by any of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110 or any combination thereof, and can be based at least partially on acquired physiological data associated by the ring 104 with the user 102.

[0115] For example, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine and / or select the biofeedback response 515, at least partially, based on an activity in which the user 102 is involved. Additionally or alternatively, each component of System 100 and / or System 200, including a Ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the biofeedback response 515, at least partially, based on a readiness score or a sleep score associated with the user 102, or any other score or data (e.g.,determine and / or select a respiratory rate associated with user 102, a daily heart rate associated with user 102, a stress level associated with user 102.

[0116] The biofeedback response 515 can be output via the GUI 500 of the user device 106. For example, the GUI 500 can include one or more visible light sensors that can output the biofeedback response 515 in the form of one or more visible light pulses 520 that correspond to or are similar to the heart rate of the user 102. Each component of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine the duration of each of the visible light pulses 520, for example, at least partially based on the heart rate of the user 102.Each of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110 or any combination thereof, can determine a brightness of the visible light pulses 520, for example at least partially based on the heart rate of the user 102.

[0117] The biofeedback response 515 can be indicative for user 102 to regulate their heart rate (e.g., to maintain, adjust, change, increase, decrease, and the like). For example, the biofeedback response 515 can indicate to user 102 to maintain their heart rate at a current level (e.g., current beats per minute) using one or more visible light pulses 520, and at least partially based on an activity in which user 102 is engaged. Alternatively, the biofeedback response 515 can indicate to user 102 to adjust their heart rate from a current level (e.g., to increase or decrease it) using one or more visible light pulses 520, and at least partially based on an activity in which user 102 is engaged.

[0118] In some other implementations, each of the components of the system 100 and / or the system 200, including a ring 104, a user device 106 associated with a user 102, one or more servers 110, or any combination thereof, can determine a heart rate zone associated with the user 102 and select the biofeedback response 515 in the form of one or more visible light pulses 520 to regulate the heart rate of the user 102 within the heart rate zone associated with the user 102 (e.g., to maintain, increase, decrease, and the like) or to switch to another heart rate zone of a set of heart rate zones associated with the user 102.

[0119] Although described in relation to the user device 106, in some implementations a portable device 104 (e.g. a ring 104) can output the biofeedback response 515 (e.g. one or more visible light pulses 520) to a user 102.

[0120] Fig. Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may include an input module 610, an output module 615, and a wearable application 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0121] The Input Module 610 can provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to disease detection techniques). Information can be transmitted to other components of the Device 605. The Input Module 610 can use a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0122] The output module 615 can provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the output module 615 can transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to disease detection techniques). In some examples, the output module 615 can be combined with the input module 610 in a transceiver module. The output module 615 can use a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0123] For example, the wearable application 620 can include a data component 625, a feedback component 630, a parameter component 635, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the wearable application 620, or various components thereof, can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, sending) using or otherwise cooperating with the input module 610, the output module 615, or both. For example, the wearable application 620 can receive information from the input module 610, send information to the output module 615, or be integrated with the input module 610, the output module 615, or both to receive information, send information, or perform various other operations described herein.

[0124] The wearable application 620 can support biofeedback according to the examples disclosed herein. The data component 625 can be configured by or otherwise support a wearable device as a means of acquiring physiological data associated with a user, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The feedback component 630 can be configured by or otherwise support a means of selecting a feedback response that indicates the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more of the following: audio (e.g., audio pulses), haptic (e.g., tactile vibration pulses), or visible light feedback (e.g., visible light pulses).Parameter component 635 can be configured as a means of determining, or otherwise supporting, one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on physiological data. The one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visual light feedbacks. For example, the one or more parameters can be the strength of haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulses), the volume of audio feedback (e.g., audio pulses), the duration of each haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulse), the duration of each audio feedback (e.g., audio pulse), the frequency of haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulses), the frequency of audio feedback (e.g., audio pulses), or the duration of each visual light feedback (e.g.,The feedback component 630 may include a visible light pulse, the brightness of the visible light feedback (e.g., the visible light pulses), or a combination thereof. The feedback component 630 may be configured as a means, or otherwise support, to cause a user device (e.g., the device 605) or the portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0125] Fig. Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram 700 of a wearable application 720 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of this disclosure. The wearable application 720 can be an example of aspects of a wearable application or a wearable application 620, or both, as described herein. The wearable application 720, or various components thereof, can be an example of means for performing various aspects of biofeedback techniques using heart rate data, as described herein. For example, the wearable application 720 can include a data component 725, a feedback component 730, a parameter component 735, an activity component 740, a score component 745, an audio component 750, a tactile component 755, a coupling component 760, a synchronization component 765, a zone component 770, or any combination thereof.Each of these components can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0126] The wearable application 720 can support biofeedback according to the examples disclosed herein. The data component 725 can be configured by or otherwise support a wearable device as a means of acquiring physiological data associated with a user, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The feedback component 730 can be configured by or otherwise support a means of selecting a feedback response that indicates the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more of the following: audio (e.g., audio pulses), haptic (e.g., tactile vibration pulses), or visible light feedback (e.g., visible light pulses).Parameter component 735 can be configured as a means of determining, or otherwise supporting, one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on physiological data. The one or more parameters include an intensity, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. In some examples, feedback component 730 can be configured as a means of, or otherwise supporting, causing a user device or wearable to output the feedback response indicative of the physiological data, according to the one or more parameters for the feedback response, the feedback response being indicative to the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0127] In some examples, the activity component 740 may be configured as a means of determining an activity in which the user is involved, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device. In some examples, the feedback component 730 may be configured as a means of selecting the feedback response, determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the activity in which the user is involved.

[0128] In some examples, the Score component 745 may be configured to identify or otherwise support a Readiness Score or Sleep Score associated with the user. Similarly, in some examples, the Feedback component 730 may be configured to select the feedback response, determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the Readiness Score or Sleep Score associated with the user.

[0129] In some examples, data component 725 may be configured as a means of determining a change in one or more physiological data associated with the user, or otherwise support this, after the feedback response indicating the physiological data has been issued to the user. In some examples, feedback component 730 may be configured as a means of adjusting the feedback response, including one or more parameters for the feedback response, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the change in the one or more physiological data associated with the user.In some examples, the feedback component 730 can be configured as a means, or otherwise support, to cause the user device or wearable device to output the adapted feedback response indicating the change in one or more physiological data, according to one or more adapted parameters for the feedback response.

[0130] In some examples, the activity component 740 may be configured as a means of determining a change in an activity in which the user is involved, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device. In some examples, the feedback component 730 may be configured as a means of customizing the feedback response, including one or more parameters for the feedback response, or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user is involved.In some examples, the feedback component 730 can be configured as a means, or otherwise support, to cause the user device or wearable to output the adapted feedback response indicating the change in one or more physiological data points, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user is engaged.

[0131] In some examples, the feedback component 730 can be configured to support the adjustment of one or more parameters for the feedback response as a means of increasing or decreasing one or more of the strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks, or otherwise support this.

[0132] In some examples, the audio component 750 may be configured to support the output of feedback indicating physiological data, either as a means to cause a user device's audio interface to output the audio feedback (e.g., audio pulses, audio content, or the like). Similarly, in some examples, the tactile component 755 may be configured to support the output of feedback indicating physiological data, either as a means to cause a user device's GUI to output haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulses or the like).

[0133] In some examples, the pairing component 760 may be configured as a means of pairing the user device with a Bluetooth device or otherwise support this. In some examples, the audio component 750 may be configured as a means of causing the Bluetooth device to output audio feedback (e.g., audio pulses, audio content, or the like) indicating physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing. In some examples, the tactile component 755 may be configured as a means of causing the Bluetooth device to output haptic feedback (e.g., tactile vibration pulses or the like) indicating physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing.

[0134] In some examples, the feedback component 730 can be configured as a means of sending a command to the portable device or otherwise assisting it in causing an interface of the portable device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data.

[0135] In some examples, the data component 725 may be configured as a means of receiving, or otherwise supporting, second physiological data associated with a second user, where the second physiological data includes second heart rate data associated with the second user. In some examples, the synchronization component 765 may be configured as a means of synchronizing, or otherwise supporting, the physiological data associated with the first user and the second physiological data associated with the second user. Synchronization includes selecting a target heart rate at least partially based on the physiological data associated with the first user and the second physiological data associated with the second user.In some examples, parameter component 735 may be configured as a means of determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, or may otherwise support this, at least partially based on synchronization.

[0136] In some examples, the Audio Component 750 may be configured, or otherwise support, the selection of audio content from a variety of audio content, at least partially based on physiological data associated with the user. In some examples, the Audio Component 750 may also be configured, or otherwise support, the output of audio content to the user via the user device.

[0137] In some examples, the Zone component 770 may be configured as a means of determining a heart rate zone or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the physiological data captured and associated with the user by the wearable device. In some examples, the Feedback component 730 may be configured as a means of selecting the feedback response indicative of the physiological data associated with the user or otherwise support this, at least partially based on the heart rate zone.

[0138] In some examples, the feedback response is indicative for the user to maintain a user-associated heart rate within the heart rate zone, or to adjust the user-associated heart rate to move to a different heart rate zone within a set of user-associated heart rate zones.

[0139] In some examples, the set of heart rate zones includes one or more of a first range of heart rates associated with a first percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, a second range of heart rates associated with a second percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a third range of heart rates associated with a third percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a combination thereof.

[0140] In some examples, the selection of the feedback response indicative of the user's associated physiological data is based, at least in part, on a machine learning model. In some examples, the machine learning model is trained to identify relationships between specific heart rate data and one or more signals of a given intensity, duration, or frequency, which are associated with one or more signals of a given audio, haptic, or visual light feedback.

[0141] In some examples, one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks are generated at least partially based on the heart rate data associated with the user, or both.

[0142] In some examples, the portable device includes a portable ring device.

[0143] Fig. Figure 8 illustrates a diagram of a system 800 comprising a device 805 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of this disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of a device 605 or comprise components thereof, as described herein. The device 805 may be an example of a user device 106, as previously described herein. The device 805 may include components for bidirectional communication, including components for sending and receiving communication with a wearable device 104 and a server 110, such as a wearable application 820, a communication module 810, an antenna 815, a user interface component 825, a database (application data) 830, a memory 835, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) or otherwise coupled (e.g.,operational, communicative, functional, electronic, electrical).

[0144] The 810 communication module can manage input and output signals for the 805 device via the 815 antenna. The 810 communication module can be an example of the 220-b communication module described in Fig. 2 user device 106 shown and described. In this respect, the communication module 810 can manage communication with the ring 104 and the server 110, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 illustrates this. The Communication Module 810 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into the Device 805. In some cases, the Communication Module 810 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the Communication Module 810 can use an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another well-known operating system. In other cases, the Communication Module 810 can represent or interact with a portable device (such as the Ring 104), a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the Communication Module 810 can be implemented as part of the Processor 840. In some examples, a user can interact with the Device 805 through the Communication Module 810, the User Interface Component 825, or through hardware components controlled by the Communication Module 810.

[0145] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna 815. In other cases, however, the device 805 may have more than one antenna 815, which may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The communication module 810 can communicate bidirectionally over the one or more antennas 815, via wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, the communication module 810 may constitute a wireless transceiver and communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The communication module 810 may also include a modem for modulating packets, making the modulated packets available to one or more antennas 815 for transmission, and demodulating packets received by the one or more antennas 815.

[0146] The user interface component 825 can manage data storage and processing in a database 830. In some cases, a user can interact with the user interface component 825. In other cases, the user interface component 825 can operate automatically without user interaction. The database 830 can be, for example, a single database, a distributed database, multiple distributed databases, a data store, a data lake, or a disaster recovery database.

[0147] The 835 memory can include RAM and ROM. The 835 memory can store computer-readable, computer-executable software, including instructions that, when executed, cause the 840 processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the 835 memory may include, among other things, a BIOS that can control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0148] The Processor 840 can be an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the Processor 840 can be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller can be integrated into the Processor 840. The Processor 840 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in Memory 835 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support a procedure and system for sleep-phase algorithms).

[0149] The Wearable Application 820 can support biofeedback according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the Wearable Application 820 can be configured, or otherwise support, as a means of acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a wearable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The Wearable Application 820 can be configured, or otherwise support, as a means of selecting a feedback response that indicates the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback. The Wearable Application 820 can be configured, or otherwise support, as a means of determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the physiological data.The one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The Wearable Application 820 can be configured as a means, or otherwise support, to cause a user device (e.g., Device 805) or the wearable device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data, according to the one or more parameters for the feedback response, the feedback response being indicative to the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0150] By including or configuring the Wearable Application 820 according to the examples described herein, the device can support 805 techniques for reduced power consumption.

[0151] The wearable application 820 can comprise an application (e.g., "app"), a program, software, or other component configured to facilitate communication with a ring 104, a server 110, other user devices 106, and the like. For example, the wearable application 820 can comprise an application executable on a user device 106 that is configured to receive data (e.g., physiological data) from a ring 104, perform processing operations on the received data, send and receive data with the servers 110, and initiate the presentation of data to a user 102.

[0152] Fig. Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart showing a procedure 900 that uses techniques for biofeedback with heart rate monitoring. <equenzdaten gemäß Aspekten der vorliegenden Offenbarung unterstützt. Die Operationen des Verfahrens 900 können von einer Benutzervorrichtung oder seinen Komponenten wie hierin beschrieben implementiert werden. Zum Beispiel können die Operationen des Verfahrens 900 von einer Benutzervorrichtung wie in Bezug auf Fig. The processes described in sections 1 through 8 can be carried out. In some examples, a user device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device in order to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the user device can perform aspects of the described functions using special hardware.

[0153] In 905, the method may involve acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The operations of 905 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a data component 725 as described in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0154] In 910, the procedure may involve selecting a feedback response that refers to the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The operations of 910 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a feedback component 730, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0155] In 915, the procedure may include determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the physiological data, wherein the one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The operations of 915 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a parameter component 735 as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0156] In 920, the method may include causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user. The operations of 920 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a feedback component 730, as with respect to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0157] Fig. Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart depicting a method 1000 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 can be implemented by a user device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 can be implemented by a user device as described in relation to Fig. The processes described in sections 1 through 8 can be carried out. In some examples, a user device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device in order to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the user device can perform aspects of the described functions using special hardware.

[0158] In 1005, the method may involve acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The operations of 1005 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a data component 725 as described in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0159] In 1010, the method can include determining an activity in which the user is involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device. The operations of 1010 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 can be performed by an activity component 740, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0160] In 1015, the procedure can include selecting a feedback response that refers to the physiological data associated with the user, at least partially based on the activity in which the user is engaged, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The operations of 1015 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 can be performed by a feedback component 730, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0161] In 1020, the procedure may include determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the activity in which the user is engaged, wherein the one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The operations of 1020 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a parameter component 735 as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0162] In 1025, the method can include causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user. The operations of 1025 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1025 can be performed by a feedback component 730, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0163] Fig. Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart depicting a method 1100 that supports biofeedback techniques using heart rate data according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 can be implemented by a user device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 can be implemented by a user device as described in relation to Fig. The processes described in sections 1 through 8 can be carried out. In some examples, a user device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the user device in order to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the user device can perform aspects of the described functions using special hardware.

[0164] In 1105, the method may involve acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user. The operations of 1105 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a data component 725 as described in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0165] In 1110, the procedure may include identifying a Readiness Score or Sleep Score associated with the user. The operations of 1110 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a Score Component 745, as with respect to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0166] In 1115, the procedure may involve selecting a feedback response that refers to physiological data associated with the user, at least partially based on the Readiness Score or the Sleep Score, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals. The operations of 1115 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a feedback component 730, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0167] In 1120, the procedure may include determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the Readiness Score or the Sleep Score, wherein the one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. The operations of 1120 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a parameter component 735 as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0168] In 1125, the method can include causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user. The operations of 1125 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1125 can be performed by a feedback component 730, as in relation to Fig. 7 will be carried out as described.

[0169] It should be noted that the procedures described above represent possible implementations and that the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of the procedures can be combined.

[0170] A biofeedback method is described. The method may include: acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user; selecting a feedback response that indicates the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals; determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the physiological data, wherein the one or more parameters include one or more of an intensity, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals.and causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0171] A biofeedback device is described. The device may include a processor, memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the device to: acquire physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user; select a feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more forms of audio, haptic, or visible light feedback;to determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on physiological data, wherein the one or more parameters comprise one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks; and to cause a user device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data, according to the one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0172] Another biofeedback device is described. The device may comprise: means for acquiring physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user; means for selecting a feedback response that indicates the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals; means for determining one or more parameters for the feedback response at least partially based on the physiological data, wherein the one or more parameters include one or more of an intensity, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals.and means for causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0173] A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing biofeedback code is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: acquire physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, wherein the physiological data includes at least heart rate data associated with the user; select a feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user, wherein the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals; determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on the physiological data, wherein the one or more parameters include one or more of an intensity, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedback signals.and to cause a user device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

[0174] Some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining an activity in which the user may participate, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device, and wherein selecting the feedback response, determining one or more parameters for the feedback response or both may be based at least partially on the activity in which the user may participate.

[0175] Some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for identifying a user-associated Readiness Score or Sleep Score, wherein the selection of the feedback response, the determination of one or more parameters for the feedback response or both may be based at least partially on the user-associated Readiness Score or Sleep Score.

[0176] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a change in one or more physiological data associated with the user after the output of the feedback response indicating the physiological data to the user, for adjusting the feedback response, including the one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least in part, based on the change in the one or more physiological data associated with the user, and for causing the user device or portable device to output the adjusted feedback response indicating the change in the one or more physiological data according to the one or more adjusted parameters for the feedback response.

[0177] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a change in an activity in which the user may be involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device; for adjusting the feedback response, including one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user may be involved; and wherein causing the user device or wearable device to output the adjusted feedback response indicating the change in the one or more physiological data may be based at least partially on the change in the activity in which the user may be involved.

[0178] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, adjusting one or more parameters for the feedback response may include operations, features, means, or instructions to increase or decrease one or more of the strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks.

[0179] In some examples of the procedure, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the output of the feedback response indicating physiological data may include operations, features, means, or instructions to cause an audio interface of the user device to output the audio feedback and to cause a GUI of the user device to output the haptic feedback.

[0180] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for pairing the user device with a Bluetooth device, wherein the output of the physiological data-referring feedback response includes: causing the Bluetooth device to output the physiological data-referring audio feedback, at least partially based on the pairing, and causing the Bluetooth device to output the physiological data-referring haptic feedback, at least partially based on the pairing.

[0181] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, causing the user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data may include operations, features, means, or instructions for sending a command to the portable device to cause an interface of the portable device to output the haptic feedback or the visible light feedback indicating the physiological data.

[0182] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving second physiological data associated with a second user, wherein the second physiological data includes second heart rate data associated with the second user; for synchronizing the physiological data associated with the user and the second physiological data associated with the second user; and wherein determining the one or more parameters for the feedback response may be based at least partially on the synchronization.

[0183] Some examples of the method, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting audio content from a variety of audio content, at least partially based on the physiological data associated with the user, including outputting the feedback response indicating the physiological data and outputting the audio content to the user via the user device.

[0184] Some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining a heart rate zone at least partially based on the physiological data acquired and associated with the user by the portable device, and wherein the selection of the feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user may be based at least partially on the heart rate zone.

[0185] In some examples of the method, devices and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the feedback response to the user may be indicative to maintain a user-associated heart rate within the heart rate zone or to adjust the user-associated heart rate to move to another heart rate zone of a set of user-associated heart rate zones.

[0186] In some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of heart rate zones comprises one or more of a first range of heart rates associated with a first percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, a second range of heart rates associated with a second percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a third range of heart rates associated with a third percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a combination thereof.

[0187] Some examples of the method, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions, wherein the selection of the feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user may be based at least partially on a machine learning model, and the machine learning model may be trained to identify relationships between respective heart rate data and one or more of a respective strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of a respective audio, haptic, or visible light feedback.

[0188] In some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, one or more of the audio, haptic or visible light feedbacks can be generated at least partially based on the heart rate data associated with the user or both.

[0189] In some examples of the method, apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the portable device includes a portable ring device.

[0190] The description presented herein, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that can be implemented or that fall within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of understanding the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0191] In the accompanying figures, similar components or features may share the same reference symbol. Furthermore, different components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference symbol with a hyphen and a second symbol that differentiates between the similar components. If only the first reference symbol is used in the description, the description applies to any of the similar components that share the same first reference symbol, regardless of the second reference symbol.

[0192] The information and signals described herein can be represented using a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0193] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the description disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computer devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0194] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, processor-executed software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in processor-executed software, the functions can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above can be implemented using processor-executed software, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations thereof. Features implementing functions can also be physically located in different positions, including a distribution such that portions of functions are implemented in different physical locations.Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of elements (for example, a list of elements preceded by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or CA, or B or C, or AB, or AC, or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) means. Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" is not to be interpreted as indicating a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without exceeding the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" is to be interpreted in the same way as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0195] Computer-readable media include both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or specialized computer. For example, and not as a limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that is accessible by a general-purpose or specialized computer or a general-purpose or specialized processor.Any connection is also properly referred to as computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted-pair cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted-pair cable, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laserdisc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc, with disks typically reproducing data magnetically, while discs reproducing data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[0196] The description provided herein is intended to enable a person skilled in the art to manufacture or use the disclosure. Various modifications of the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is intended to have the broadest possible scope consistent with the principles and new features disclosed herein. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 18 / 068,357

[0001]

Claims

[1] Biofeedback techniques, including: Capturing physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, whereby The physiological data should include at least heart rate data associated with the user; Selecting a feedback response that refers to the physiological data associated with the user, whereby the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback; Determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on physiological data, whereby the one or more parameters comprising one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks; and Causing a user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein The feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user. [2] The method of claim 1, further comprising: Determining an activity in which the user is involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device, wherein selecting the feedback response, determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, are at least partially based on the activity in which the user is involved. [3] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Identifying a Readiness Score or a Sleep Score associated with the user, whereby selecting the feedback response, determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, are at least partially based on the Readiness Score or the Sleep Score associated with the user. [4] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Determining a change in one or more physiological data associated with the user after issuing the feedback response to the user that refers to the physiological data; Adjusting the feedback response, including one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on changes in one or more physiological data associated with the user; and To cause the user device or portable device to output the adapted feedback response indicating the change in one or more physiological data, according to one or more adapted parameters for the feedback response. [5] The method of claim 4, further comprising: Determining a change in an activity in which the user is involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device; and Adjusting the feedback response, including one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially based on the change in the activity in which the user is involved, wherein Causing the user device or portable device to issue the adapted feedback response indicating the change in one or more physiological data, based at least partially on the change in the activity in which the user is engaged. [6] Method according to claim 5, comprising adjusting one or more parameters for the feedback response: Increasing or decreasing one or more of the intensity, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks. [7] Method according to claim 1, wherein the output of the feedback response indicating the physiological data comprises: To cause an audio interface of the user device to output audio feedback; or To cause a graphical user interface of the user device to output haptic feedback. [8] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Pairing the user device with a Bluetooth device, whereby The output of the feedback response indicating physiological data includes: To cause the Bluetooth device to output audio feedback indicating physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing; To cause the Bluetooth device to provide haptic feedback indicating physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing; or To cause the Bluetooth device to output visible light feedback indicating physiological data, at least partially based on the pairing. [9] The method of claim 1, wherein causing the user device or portable device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data comprises: Transmitting a command to the portable device to cause an interface of the portable device to output haptic feedback or visible light feedback indicating physiological data. [10] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receiving second physiological data associated with a second user, whereby the second physiological data include second heart rate data associated with the second user; and Synchronizing the physiological data associated with the user and the second physiological data associated with the second user, wherein Synchronization includes selecting a target heart rate at least partially based on the physiological data associated with the first user and the second physiological data associated with the second user, wherein Determining one or more parameters for the feedback response is at least partially based on synchronization. [11] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Selecting audio content from a variety of audio content, at least partially based on physiological data associated with the user, wherein The output of the feedback response indicating physiological data includes: Output of audio content to the user via the user device. [12] Method according to claim 1, further comprising: Determining a heart rate zone at least partially based on the recorded physiological data associated with the user by the wearable device, wherein The selection of the feedback response, which refers to the physiological data associated with the user, is at least partially based on the heart rate zone. [13] Method according to claim 12, wherein the feedback response is indicative for the user to maintain a user-associated heart rate within the heart rate zone or to adjust the user-associated heart rate to switch to another heart rate zone of a set of user-associated heart rate zones. [14] Method according to claim 13, wherein the set of heart rate zones comprises one or more of a first range of heart rates associated with a first percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, a second range of heart rates associated with a second percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a third range of heart rates associated with a third percentage of the user's maximum heart rate, or a combination thereof. [15] Method according to claim 1, wherein the selection of the feedback response indicating the physiological data associated with the user is at least partially based on a machine learning model, and wherein The machine learning model is trained to identify relationships between respective heart rate data and one or more of a respective strength, duration, or frequency, or a combination thereof, that are associated with one or more of a respective audio, haptic, or visible light feedback. [16] Method according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the audio, haptic or visible light feedbacks are generated at least partially based on the heart rate data associated with the user or both. [17] Method according to claim 1, wherein the portable device comprises a portable ring device. [18] Biofeedback device comprising: a processor; Memory coupled to the processor; and Instructions stored in memory that can be executed by the processor to cause the device to: to collect physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, whereby The physiological data should include at least heart rate data associated with the user; to select a feedback response that refers to the physiological data associated with the user, whereby the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback; to determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on physiological data, whereby the one or more parameters comprising one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks; and to cause the device to output the feedback response indicating the physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein The feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user. [19] Device according to claim 18, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the device to: to determine an activity in which the user is involved, at least partially based on sensor data from the wearable device, whereby selecting the feedback response, determining one or more parameters for the feedback response, or both, are at least partially based on the activity in which the user is involved. [20] Non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for biofeedback, wherein the code includes instructions executable by a processor to: to collect physiological data associated with a user from a portable device, whereby The physiological data should include at least heart rate data associated with the user; to select a feedback response that refers to the physiological data associated with the user, whereby the feedback response includes one or more audio, haptic, or visible light feedback; to determine one or more parameters for the feedback response, at least partially, based on physiological data, whereby the one or more parameters comprising one or more of a strength, duration, or frequency associated with one or more of the audio, haptic, or visible light feedbacks; and to cause a user device to output the feedback response indicating physiological data, according to one or more parameters for the feedback response, wherein The feedback response is indicative for the user to regulate one or more of the physiological data associated with the user.

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