MIXER FOR EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEMS

Abstract

A mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system comprises a mixer body positioned such that an injection axis of an injector from a metering module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust gas and treatment fluid. The mixer further comprises a plurality of openings extending through the mixer body. Each opening allows the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixer body. The mixer further comprises a plurality of vanes. Each vane is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the openings. Each vane extends radially outward from the mixer body. The mixer further comprises a first end. The first end comprises a plurality of tabs and a plurality of edge slots. Each edge slot is positioned between two of the tabs.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to mixers for exhaust aftertreatment systems for an internal combustion engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The exhaust gases from combustion engines, such as diesel engines, contain nitrogen oxide compounds (NOx). x It is desirable to use the NO x -to reduce emissions, for example in order to comply with environmental regulations. To reduce NO x To reduce NO emissions, a treatment fluid can be metered into the exhaust gases via a dosing unit within an aftertreatment system. The treatment fluid enables the conversion of a portion of the exhaust gases into non-NOx. x -Emissions such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), which cause the NO x Emissions are reduced. These aftertreatment systems can include a mixer that allows the treatment fluid and exhaust gases to be mixed. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In one embodiment, a mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system comprises a mixer body positioned such that an injection axis of an injector of a metering module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust gas and treatment fluid. The mixer further comprises a plurality of openings extending through the mixer body. Each opening allows the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixer body. The mixer further comprises a plurality of vanes. Each vane is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the openings. Each vane extends radially outward from the mixer body. The mixer further comprises a first end. The first end comprises a plurality of tabs and a plurality of edge slots. Each edge slot is positioned between two of the tabs.

[0004] In a further embodiment, a mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system comprises a mixer body centered on a mixer axis and positioned such that an injection axis of an injector of a metering module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust gas and treatment fluid. The mixer further comprises a plurality of openings extending through the mixer body. Each opening is arranged on the mixer body at an opening angle relative to a reference axis parallel to the mixer axis. The opening angle is between 5 degrees and 30 degrees. Each opening allows the exhaust gas to flow through the mixer body. Each opening comprises a first edge and a second edge that is perpendicular to and connected with the first edge. The mixer further comprises a plurality of vanes. Each vane is coupled to the mixer body along a section of one of the openings.Each of the wings extends radially inwards from the mixer body. The reference axis extends through: (i) an intersection between the first edge and the second edge of one of the openings and (ii) an intersection between the first edge and the second edge of another of the openings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] The revelation is better understood by means of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying figures, in which the same reference symbols denote the same elements unless otherwise indicated. Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. Figure 2 is a perspective view of another exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. Figure 3 is a perspective view of another exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. Figure 4 is a front view of another exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a metering device; Fig. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust aftertreatment system in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are different perspective views of a mixer; Fig. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another mixer coupled to a plate within an exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. Figure 9 is a perspective view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 10 is a perspective view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of another mixer within an exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. 12 is a perspective view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 13 is a perspective view of another mixer; Fig. 14 is a rear view of the mixer in Fig. 13; Fig. Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the mixer in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 within an exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. 16 is a view of detail A in Fig. 15; Fig. 17 is a front view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the mixer in Fig. 17 along line 18-18 in Fig. 17; Fig. 19A and Fig. 19B are side views of a section of the mixer in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18; Fig. 20A and Fig. Figure 20B shows side views of another section of the mixer in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18; Fig. 21 is a front view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 22 is a side view of the mixer in Fig. 21; Fig. 23 and Fig. Figure 24 shows perspective views of another exemplary exhaust aftertreatment system; Fig. Figure 25 is a side view of the exhaust aftertreatment system in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24; Fig. 26 is a top view of the exhaust aftertreatment system in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24; Fig. 27 is a rear view of the exhaust aftertreatment system in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24; Fig. 28 and Fig. Figure 29 shows cross-sectional views of the exhaust aftertreatment system in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 along level 28-28 in Fig. 24; Fig. 30 is a front view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 31 is a left side view of the mixer in Fig. 30; Fig. Figure 32 is a perspective view of another mixer; Fig. Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the mixer in Fig. 32 along level 33-33 in Fig. 32, comprising line couplings; Fig. Figure 34 is a left side view of the mixer in Fig. 33; Fig. Figure 35 is a right-side view of the mixer in Fig. 32; Fig. Figure 36 is a front view of the mixer in Fig. 32 and Fig. 35; Fig. 37 is a left side view of the mixer in Fig. 32 and Fig. 35; Fig. Figure 38 is a cross-sectional view of the mixer in Fig. 32 and Fig. 35 along the level 38-38 in Fig. 35; Fig. 39 is a view of a flat blank for manufacturing the mixer in Fig. 32 and Fig. 35; Fig. 40 is a view of detail B in Fig. 39; and Fig. 41 is a view of detail C in Fig. 39.

[0006] It should be noted that the figures are schematic representations for illustrative purposes. The figures are intended to illustrate one or more embodiments, and it is expressly understood that the figures do not serve to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] The following section describes various concepts related to methods, devices, and the provision of a mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine, as well as their implementations. The various concepts presented above and explained in more detail below can be implemented in different ways, as the described concepts are not limited to a specific implementation method. Examples of specific implementations and applications serve primarily for illustrative purposes. I. Overview

[0008] Internal combustion engines (e.g., diesel engines, etc.) produce exhaust gases that are often treated by a metering device within an exhaust aftertreatment system. The metering device typically treats the exhaust gases with a treatment fluid (e.g., reducing agent, hydrocarbon, etc.) that is dispensed by the metering device through an injector. The treatment fluid, such as the reducing agent, can be adsorbed by a catalyst element. The treatment fluid adsorbed by the catalyst element serves to reduce NOₓ. x to reduce NO in the exhaust gas. The treatment fluid, such as the hydrocarbon, can increase the temperature of the exhaust gas to reduce NO. xto reduce the amount of pollutants in the exhaust gas. The metering device is attached to a component of the exhaust aftertreatment system. For example, the metering device can be attached to a decomposition reactor, an exhaust pipe, a plate, or other similar components of the exhaust aftertreatment system.

[0009] Mixing the exhaust gases with the treatment fluid improves the reduction of NO. xin the exhaust gases. A device can be used to facilitate mixing between the exhaust gases and the treatment fluid through turbulent flow (e.g., turbulence, etc.). Turbulence in the form of vortices (e.g., eddies, etc.) improves the mixing properties of a fluid. For example, turbulence in the exhaust gases causes the treatment fluid to disperse within the exhaust gases, thereby improving the mixing between the exhaust gases and the treatment fluid. However, a device in a treatment fluid flow path may tend to accumulate deposits of the treatment fluid. These deposits can reduce the mixing efficiency of the device and the flow velocity of the exhaust gases and / or the treatment fluid within a duct in which the device is located or with which it is fluidically coupled.

[0010] The embodiments described herein relate to an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a plate and a mixer coupled to the inside of the plate. The mixer includes a mixing body configured to receive exhaust gas and treatment fluid. The mixer also includes a plurality of openings extending through the mixing body. These openings allow the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixing body. The mixer further includes several vanes. The vanes are coupled to the mixing body along sections of the openings and extend radially outward from the mixing body. The vanes cause the exhaust gases to be swirled and the treatment fluid to be distributed within them. The mixer may also include a first end with several tabs coupled to the inside of the plate.The mixer can also include multiple edge slots, positioned between two of the tabs. These edge slots allow the exhaust gas to flow between the mixer and the inside of the plate, thus preventing or minimizing treatment fluid deposits on the mixer via the exhaust gas. Treatment fluid deposits are most likely to accumulate near an injector of the metering module. In this embodiment, the injector is coupled to an outer surface of the plate, so that the first end of the mixer is the component of the mixer closest to the injector.

[0011] The embodiments described herein are also directed to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising a decomposition chamber, a plate forming a wall upstream of the decomposition chamber, and a mixer coupled to an inner surface of the plate. The decomposition chamber is configured to receive exhaust gas and a treatment fluid and to convert the treatment fluid into ammonia. The mixer comprises a mixer body configured to receive the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid. The mixer also comprises a plurality of openings extending through the mixer body. The openings allow the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid to flow through the mixer body. The mixer also comprises a plurality of vanes. The vanes are coupled to the mixer body along sections of the openings and extend radially inward from the mixer body. The vanes cause the exhaust gas to be swirled and the treatment fluid to be distributed in the exhaust gas.Because the vanes extend radially inwards from the mixer body, the number of impact surfaces that come into contact with the exhaust gas as it enters the mixer body is reduced, resulting in fewer deposits on the mixer. The mixer body can be combined with the decomposition chamber, so that the mixer body itself functions as the decomposition chamber. This reduces the pressure drop within the decomposition chamber and helps the mixer to efficiently distribute the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of the mixer. The exhaust aftertreatment system can also include an additional mixing volume downstream of the mixer. This additional mixing volume provides extra time for the exhaust gas and treatment fluid to mix, resulting in better mixing of the two. II. Overview of exhaust aftertreatment systems

[0012] Fig. Figure 1 shows an exhaust aftertreatment system 100 with an exemplary treatment fluid supply system 102 for an exhaust duct system 104. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises the treatment fluid supply system 102, a particulate filter 106 (e.g. a diesel particulate filter (DPF)), a decomposition chamber 108 (e.g. a reactor, a reactor tube, a duct, etc.) and a catalyst element 110 (e.g. an SCR catalyst element, etc.).

[0013] The particulate filter 106 is configured (e.g., structured, capable, etc.) to remove particles, such as soot, from the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust system 104. The particulate filter 106 comprises an inlet where the exhaust gases are received and an outlet from which the exhaust gases exit after the particles have been substantially filtered out of the exhaust gases and / or converted into carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, the particulate filter 106 may be omitted.

[0014] The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the particulate filter 106 and a treatment fluid from the treatment fluid supply system 102. The treatment fluid can be, for example, a reducing agent (e.g., urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), AdBlue®, a urea-water solution (UWS), an aqueous urea solution (e.g., AUS32, etc.), and / or other similar fluids) or a hydrocarbon (e.g., fuel, oil, additive, etc.). When the reducing agent is introduced into the exhaust gas stream, it can reduce emissions of undesirable components (e.g., NOₓ). xetc.) in the exhaust stream. When the hydrocarbon is introduced into the exhaust stream, the temperature of the exhaust stream can be increased (e.g., to enable the regeneration of components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100, etc.). For example, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 may include a spark plug 109 (e.g., an igniter, etc.) configured to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas by burning the hydrocarbon in the exhaust gas. The decomposition chamber 108 includes an inlet that is in fluid communication with the particulate filter 106 to reduce the NOₓ. x -emissions to capture exhaust gases comprising emissions, as well as an outlet through which the exhaust gases, NO x Emissions, ammonia and / or treatment fluid can flow to the catalyst element 110. In some embodiments, such as in the Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the decomposition chamber 108 is centered on a chamber axis 111.

[0015] The treatment fluid supply system 102 comprises a metering device 112 (e.g., a metering module, etc.) configured to meter the treatment fluid into the decomposition chamber 108 (e.g., via an injector). The metering device 112 is attached to the decomposition chamber 108 so that it can meter the treatment fluid into the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust duct system 104. The metering device 112 may include an insulator (e.g., a vibration isolator, a thermal isolator, etc.) positioned between a section of the metering device 112 and a section of the decomposition chamber 108 to which the metering device 112 is attached. The insulator can reduce the transmission of vibrations and / or heat from the decomposition chamber 108 to the metering device 112.

[0016] The metering device 112 is fluidically coupled to a treatment fluid source 114 (e.g., fluidically configured to communicate with it, etc.). The treatment fluid source 114 can comprise multiple treatment fluid sources 114. For example, the treatment fluid source 114 can be a diesel exhaust fluid reservoir containing AdBlue®. A treatment fluid pump 116 (e.g., supply unit, etc.) is used to pressurize the treatment fluid from the treatment fluid source 114 so that it can be supplied to the metering device 112. In some embodiments, the treatment fluid pump 116 is pressure-controlled (e.g., controlled to ensure that a target pressure is reached, etc.). The treatment fluid pump 116 includes a treatment fluid filter 118. The treatment fluid filter 118 filters (e.g. sieves, etc.) the treatment fluid before it is supplied to the internal components (e.g. pistons, vanes, etc.) of the treatment fluid pump 116.For example, the treatment fluid filter 118 can inhibit or prevent the transfer of solids (e.g., solidified treatment fluid, impurities, etc.) to the internal components of the treatment fluid pump 116. In this way, the treatment fluid filter 118 can enable a longer, desirable operating life for the treatment fluid pump 116. In some embodiments, the treatment fluid pump 116 is coupled to a vehicle chassis (e.g., attached, mounted, welded, etc.) which is connected to the exhaust aftertreatment system 100.

[0017] The metering device 112 comprises at least one injector 120. Each injector 120 is configured to inject the treatment fluid into the exhaust gases (e.g., within the decomposition chamber 108, etc.) at an injection point 119. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises a mixer 121 (e.g., a vortex-generating device, a vane plate, an inlet plate, a deflector plate, etc.). At least one section of the mixer 121 may be located within the decomposition chamber 108. However, at least one section of the mixer 121 may also be located in a duct of the exhaust duct system 104 (e.g., in a duct upstream of the decomposition chamber 108, etc.). The mixer 121 is configured to receive exhaust gases from the decomposition chamber 108 and treatment fluid from the injector 120, such that the injection axis 119 extends into the mixer 121. The mixer 121 is also configured to allow the mixing of the exhaust gases and the treatment fluid.Mixer 121 is configured to allow the turbulence (e.g., tumbling, rotating, etc.) of the exhaust gases and the mixing (e.g., blending, etc.) of the exhaust gases and the treatment fluid in order to distribute the treatment fluid in the exhaust gases downstream of mixer 121. Distributing the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas (e.g., to achieve an increased uniformity index, etc.) using mixer 121 improves the reduction of emissions of undesirable components in the exhaust gas or can increase the exhaust gas temperature.

[0018] While the injection axis 119 extends into the mixer 121, it can extend into the mixer 121 at an angle relative to a central axis of the mixer 121. For example, in some embodiments, the injection axis 119 can coincide with a central axis of the mixer 121. In other embodiments, the injection axis 119 can be perpendicular to the central axis of the mixer 121. In yet another embodiment, the injection axis 119 can run parallel to the central axis of the mixer 121.

[0019] In some embodiments, the injector 120 is not directly coupled to the mixer 121. In these embodiments, the injector 120 and the mixer 121 can each be coupled to the same component (e.g., plate, chamber, etc.). In other embodiments, the injector 120 is directly coupled to the mixer 121. In these embodiments, the injector 120 and the mixer 121 can also each be coupled to the same component. In some embodiments, the injector 120 is not located inside the mixer 121. In other embodiments, the injector 120 can be located at least partially inside the mixer 121.

[0020] In some embodiments, the treatment fluid supply system 102 also includes an air pump 122. In these embodiments, the air pump 122 draws air from an air source 124 (e.g., air inlet, etc.) and through an air filter 126 located upstream of the air pump 122. The air pump 122 also supplies the air via a line to the metering device 112. In these embodiments, the metering device 112 is configured to mix the air and the treatment fluid to form an air-treatment fluid mixture and to direct the air-treatment fluid mixture into the decomposition chamber 108. In other embodiments, the treatment fluid supply system 102 includes neither the air pump 122 nor the air source 124. In such embodiments, the metering device 112 is not configured to mix the treatment fluid with air.

[0021] The spark plug 109, the metering device 112, and the treatment fluid pump 116 are also electrically or communicatively coupled to a treatment fluid supply system controller 128. The treatment fluid supply system controller 128 can control the spark plug 109 to ignite the treatment fluid in the decomposition chamber 108. The treatment fluid supply system controller 128 controls the metering device 112 to meter the treatment fluid into the decomposition chamber 108. The treatment fluid supply system controller 128 can also control the treatment fluid pump 116.

[0022] The treatment fluid delivery system controller 128 comprises a processing circuit 130. The processing circuit 130 comprises a processor 132 and a memory 134. The processor 132 can be a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., or combinations thereof. The memory 134 can include, among other things, electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage or transmission devices capable of providing program instructions to a processor, ASIC, FPGA, etc. This memory 134 can include a memory chip, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, or other suitable memory from which the treatment fluid delivery system controller 128 can read instructions. The instructions can include code from any suitable programming language.The memory 134 can contain various modules, which include instructions configured to be executed by the processor 132.

[0023] In various embodiments, the treatment fluid supply system control 128 is configured to communicate with a central control unit 136 (e.g., engine control unit (ECU), engine control module (ECM), etc.) of an internal combustion engine with the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In some embodiments, the central control unit 136 and the treatment fluid supply system control 128 are integrated into a single control unit.

[0024] In some embodiments, the central control unit 136 can communicate with a display device (e.g., screen, monitor, touchscreen, head-up display (HUD), indicator light, etc.). The display device can be configured to change its state in response to receiving information from the central control unit 136. For example, the display device can be configured to switch between a static state (e.g., displaying a green light, displaying a "SYSTEM OK" message, etc.) and an alarm state (e.g., displaying a flashing red light, displaying a "SERVICE REQUIRED" message, etc.) based on communication from the central control unit 136. By changing its state, the display device can provide a user (e.g., an operator, etc.) with an indication of the status (e.g., operation, maintenance required, etc.) of the treatment fluid delivery system 102.

[0025] The decomposition chamber 108 is located upstream of the catalyst element 110. Consequently, the treatment fluid is injected upstream of the catalyst element 110, so that the catalyst element 110 receives a mixture of the treatment fluid and the exhaust gases. The droplets of the treatment fluid undergo the processes of evaporation, thermolysis, and hydrolysis to produce non-NOx within the exhaust system 104. x -emissions (e.g. gaseous ammonia, etc.) to form.

[0026] The catalyst element 110 comprises an inlet which is in fluid communication with the decomposition chamber 108, from which exhaust gas and treatment fluid are received, and an outlet which is in fluid communication with one end of the exhaust gas piping system 104.

[0027] The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 can further comprise an oxidation catalyst element (e.g. a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)) in fluid connection with the exhaust line system 104 (e.g. downstream of the catalyst element 110 or upstream of the particulate filter 106) to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas.

[0028] In some embodiments, the particulate filter 106 can be positioned downstream of the decomposition chamber 108. For example, the particulate filter 106 and the catalyst element 110 can be combined into a single unit. In some embodiments, the metering device 112 can instead be positioned downstream of a turbocharger or upstream of a turbocharger.

[0029] The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a metering device mounting bracket 138 (e.g., mounting bracket, coupling, plate, etc.). The metering device mounting bracket 138 couples the metering device 112 to a component of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. The metering device mounting bracket 138 is configured to reduce heat transfer from the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust duct system 104 to the metering device 112. In this way, the metering device 112 can operate more efficiently and effectively than other metering devices that cannot reduce heat transfer. Additionally, the metering device mounting bracket 138 is configured to facilitate the reliable installation of the metering device 112. This can reduce the manufacturing costs associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 and ensure the desired reuse of the metering device 112.

[0030] In various embodiments, the metering device mounting bracket 138 couples the metering device 112 to the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the metering device mounting bracket 138 couples the metering device 112 to an exhaust pipe of the exhaust system 104. For example, the metering device mounting bracket 138 can couple the metering device 112 to an exhaust pipe of the exhaust system 104 that is upstream of the decomposition chamber 108, or to an exhaust pipe of the exhaust system 104 that is downstream of the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the metering device mounting bracket 138 couples the metering device 112 to the particulate filter 106 and / or the catalyst element 110. The position of the metering device mounting bracket 138 can vary depending on the application of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100.For example, in some exhaust aftertreatment systems 100, the metering device mounting bracket 138 may be located further upstream than in other exhaust aftertreatment systems 100. In addition, some exhaust aftertreatment systems 100 may include multiple metering devices 112 and therefore multiple metering device mounting brackets 138.

[0031] The Fig. Figures 2-5 show various embodiments of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100, with the direction of exhaust gas flow indicated by dashed lines. In these embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a plate 140 (e.g., end cap, etc.). The plate 140 forms a wall upstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and downstream of the particulate filter 106. The metering device mounting bracket 138 is coupled to the plate 140. The plate 140 can be coupled to the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, such as those shown in the Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the plate 140 is positioned such that the chamber axis 111 extends through the plate 140. The plate 140 comprises an inner surface 141 (e.g., inner surface, inner side, etc.) facing the decomposition chamber 108. The plate 140 also comprises an outer surface 142 (e.g., outer surface, outer surface, etc.) opposite the inner surface 141. The outer surface 142 faces the dosing device mounting bracket 138. The dosing device 112 is coupled to the outer surface 142 via the dosing device mounting bracket 138. Because the dosing device 112 is coupled to the outer surface 142, the injector 120 is configured to introduce the treatment fluid through the plate 140 into the decomposition chamber 108. The plate 140 can have an injector opening 139 configured to receive the injector 120 when the metering device 112 is coupled to the outside 142 of the plate 140.

[0032] Fig. Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises an inlet exhaust line 143 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.) that is fluidically coupled to the internal combustion engine and configured to receive the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an oxidation catalyst element 144, which is arranged downstream of the inlet exhaust line 143 and configured to receive the exhaust gases from the inlet exhaust line 143. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a first conversion catalyst element (e.g., catalyst element 110), which is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalyst element 144 and configured to receive the exhaust gases from the oxidation catalyst element 144. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an exhaust filter element (e.g.,The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes the particulate filter 106, which is arranged downstream of the first conversion catalyst element and is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the first conversion catalyst element. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further includes the decomposition chamber 108, which is arranged downstream of the exhaust filter element and is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the exhaust filter element. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further includes the plates 140, and the metering device 112 is coupled to the plate 140. The injector 120 of the metering device 112 is configured to inject the treatment fluid through the plate 140 into the decomposition chamber 108.

[0033] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a first exhaust gas distribution line 146 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.) and a second exhaust gas distribution line 148 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.). Both the first exhaust gas distribution line 146 and the second exhaust gas distribution line 148 are arranged downstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and are configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108, with the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 being distributed approximately evenly (e.g., evenly, within 5% of the evenness, etc.) between the first exhaust gas distribution line 146 and the second exhaust gas distribution line 148. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises a second conversion catalyst element (e.g. catalyst element 110) which is coupled to the first exhaust distribution line 146 and is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 via the first exhaust distribution line 146.The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises a third conversion catalyst element (e.g., catalyst element 110) coupled to the second exhaust distribution line 148 and configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 via the second exhaust distribution line 148. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an outlet exhaust line 150 located downstream of the first exhaust distribution line 146 and the second exhaust distribution line 148 and configured to receive the exhaust gas from the first exhaust distribution line 146 and the second exhaust distribution line 148.

[0034] Fig. Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises an intake chamber 152 (e.g., a duct, pipe, etc.). The intake chamber 152 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an upstream catalyst element (e.g., catalyst element 110). The upstream catalyst element is arranged downstream of the intake chamber 152. The upstream catalyst element is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the intake chamber 152. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system 100 can include a hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154 (e.g. reactor, reactor line, pipeline, etc.) located downstream of the upstream catalyst element and configured to receive the exhaust gases from the upstream catalyst element and treat the exhaust gases with hydrocarbons via a hydrocarbon dosing module (e.g.(to meter, etc.). The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a first oxidation catalyst element 156, which is arranged downstream of the hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154. The first oxidation catalyst element 156 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154.

[0035] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an upstream particulate filter (e.g., the particulate filter 106) arranged downstream of the first oxidation catalyst element 156. The upstream particulate filter is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the first oxidation catalyst element 156. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the decomposition chamber 108, which is arranged downstream of the upstream particulate filter. The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the upstream particulate filter. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the plate 140 and the metering device 112 coupled to the plate 140. The injector 120 of the metering device 112 is configured to inject the treatment fluid through the plate 140 into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a first downstream catalyst element (e.g.The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a second downstream catalyst element (e.g., catalyst element 110) located downstream of the decomposition chamber 108, and a second downstream catalyst element (e.g., catalyst element 110) located downstream of the first downstream catalyst element and configured to receive the exhaust gases from the first downstream catalyst element. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an outlet chamber 158 (e.g., pipe, tube, duct, etc.) located downstream of the second downstream catalyst element and configured to receive the exhaust gases from the second downstream catalyst element.

[0036] The Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises a first aftertreatment section 160 (e.g., line, chamber, etc.) and an inlet line 162 (e.g., line, pipe, duct, etc.) that is fluidically coupled to the first aftertreatment section 160. The first aftertreatment section 160 is configured to receive the exhaust gases via the inlet line 162. The first aftertreatment section 160 includes an oxidation catalyst element 164 that is configured to oxidize the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a second aftertreatment section 166 (e.g., line, chamber, etc.) that is fluidically coupled to the first aftertreatment section 160. The second aftertreatment section 166 is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the oxidation catalyst element 164 of the first aftertreatment section 160.The second aftertreatment section 166 comprises the particulate filter 106. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes the decomposition chamber 108. The decomposition chamber 108 is fluidically coupled to the second aftertreatment section 166 and configured to receive the exhaust gas from the particulate filter 106 of the second aftertreatment section 166. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the plate 140 and the metering device 112 coupled to the plate 140. The injector 120 of the metering device 112 is configured to inject the treatment fluid through the plate 140 into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises a third aftertreatment section 168 (e.g., line, chamber, etc.) which is fluidically coupled to the decomposition chamber 108. The third aftertreatment section 168 comprises one or more catalyst elements 110.The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an outlet line 170, which is fluidically coupled to the third aftertreatment section 168. The outlet line 170 (e.g., line, chamber, pipe, etc.) is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the one or more catalyst elements 110 of the third aftertreatment section 168.

[0037] The Fig. Figures 23-29 show another embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. Fig. Figure 23 shows another embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 comprises an intake line 172 (e.g., a pipe, tube, etc.). The intake line 172 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an oxidation catalyst element 174, which is arranged downstream of the intake line 172. The oxidation catalyst element 174 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the intake line 172. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the particulate filter 106, which is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalyst element 174. The particulate filter 106 is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the oxidation catalyst element 174.

[0038] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figures 23-29, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the decomposition chamber 108, which is arranged downstream of the particulate filter 106. The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the particulate filter 106. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the plate 140 and the metering device 112 coupled to the plate 140. The injector 120 of the metering device 112 is configured to inject the treatment fluid through the plate 140 into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises the catalyst element 110, which is arranged downstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further comprises an outlet line 176 (e.g. line, pipe, duct, etc.) which is located downstream of the catalyst element 110 and is configured to receive the exhaust gases from the catalyst element 110. III. Overview of exemplary mixers

[0039] The Fig. Figures 6, 7, 9, 10, 12-14, 17-19, 21, 22, and 31-41 show the mixer 121 according to various embodiments. The mixer 121 comprises a mixer body 200 (e.g., housing, frame, etc.). The mixer body 200 is positioned such that the injection axis 119 extends into the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, such as those of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the mixer body 200 is positioned such that it extends around the chamber axis 111. As explained in more detail herein, the mixer body 200 is configured to receive a radial flow of the exhaust gas, to receive at least a partially axial flow of the treatment fluid, and to provide at least a partially axial flow of a mixture of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid. The mixer body 200 utilizes the radial inlet of the exhaust gas to cause rotation of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid within the mixer body 200, enabling the mixing of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid both within the mixer body 200 and downstream of the mixer body 200 (e.g., within the decomposition chamber 108, etc.). In some embodiments, at least one section of the mixer body 200 is frustoconical (as shown in the Fig. 6-19, 21 and 22). In other embodiments, at least one section of the mixer body 200 is cylindrical (as shown in the Fig. 23-26 shown), pyramidal or spherical.

[0040] The mixer 121 comprises a plurality (e.g., more than one) of openings 202. Each opening 202 extends through the mixer body 200 and is configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises ten openings 202. In other embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises (i) fewer than ten openings 202 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten openings 202 (e.g., eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0041] In some embodiments, each opening 202 has a rectangular shape, with the width of the opening 202 being approximately constant (e.g., within 5%, etc.) and the length of the opening 202 being approximately constant throughout the entire opening 202. In other embodiments, each opening 202 has a trapezoidal shape. In these embodiments, (i) the width of the opening 202 and the length of the opening 202 may vary throughout the entire opening 202, (ii) the width of the opening 202 may remain approximately constant throughout the entire opening 202, while the length of the opening 202 may vary throughout the entire opening 202, and (iii) the width of the opening 202 may vary throughout the entire opening 202, while the length of the opening 202 may remain constant throughout the entire opening 202.In other embodiments, each opening 202 has a circular shape, a semicircular shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, an octagonal shape, a square shape, or other common shapes. Each opening 202 comprises an open area defined by the dimensions of the opening 202. In some embodiments, the open area of ​​each opening 202 is approximately 400 mm. 2 and 850 mm 2 (e.g. 621.94 mm) 2 etc.).

[0042] The mixer 121 also comprises a plurality of vanes 204. Each vane 204 is coupled to the mixer body 200 along a section of one of the openings 202. In some embodiments, each vane 204 extends radially outward from the mixer body 200. In these embodiments, as shown in Fig. Figure 6 shows that at least one of the vanes 204 extends radially outward from the mixer body 200 at an angle A0 between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 85 degrees relative to the mixer body 200 (e.g., 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees, etc.). In other embodiments, each vane 204 extends radially inward from the mixer body 200. In these embodiments, as shown in Fig. Figure 31 shows that at least one of the vanes 204 extends radially inward from the mixer body 200 at an angle A9 between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 85 degrees relative to the mixer body 200 (e.g., 35 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more of the vanes 204 extend radially inward from the mixer body 200, while one or more of the vanes 204 extend radially outward from the mixer body 200. The exhaust gases flow through the openings 202 and along the vanes 204. The vanes 204 can be angled relative to the mixer body 200, causing the exhaust gases to be swirled as they flow through the mixer body 200. This turbulence improves the mixing of the treatment fluid with the exhaust gases downstream of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises ten vanes 204. In other embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises (i) fewer than ten vanes 204 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten vanes 204 (e.g.,eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0043] In some embodiments, each of the wings 204 has a largely rectangular shape, wherein the width of the wings 204 is largely constant over the entire wing 204 and the length of the wings 204 is largely constant over the entire wing 204. In other embodiments, each wing 204 has a predominantly trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the wings 204 varies over the entire wing 204 and the length of the wings 204 is either (i) largely constant over the entire wing 204 or (ii) varies over the entire wing 204.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as in the Fig. 21 and Fig. As shown in Figure 22, each wing 204 comprises a first section and a second section. The first section and the second section each comprise a first edge that is connected to the mixer body 200. The first edges of the first section and the second section may be connected to the opening 202. The first section and the second section each also comprise a second edge. The second edges of the first section and the second section are adjacent to each other (e.g., the second edge of the first section is adjacent to the second edge of the second section). The first section is inclined away from the mixer body 200 at a first opening angle, and the second section is inclined away from the mixer body 200 at a second opening angle. In some embodiments, the first opening angle is equal to the second opening angle. In other embodiments, the first opening angle (i) is smaller (e.g., less than, etc.).) than the second opening angle or (ii) greater (e.g. higher, etc.) than the second opening angle. In some embodiments, the first opening angle is between about 10 degrees and about 90 degrees and the second opening angle is between about 5 degrees and about 60 degrees.

[0045] The mixer 121 also comprises a first end 206, which is arranged at a front section of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the first end 206 comprises a plurality of tabs 208. At least one of the tabs 208 is coupled to the inner surface 141 of the plate 140. In these embodiments, the first end 206 also comprises a plurality of edge slots 210. Each of the edge slots 210 is positioned between two of the tabs 208 and configured to facilitate the exhaust gas flow between the mixer 121 and the inner surface 141 of the plate 140. Each of the edge slots 210 is adjacent to two of the tabs 208, and each of the tabs 208 is adjacent to two of the edge slots 210.

[0046] In some embodiments, the tabs 208 are arranged uniformly around the circumference of the first end 206. In other embodiments, the tabs 208 are arranged unevenly around the circumference of the first end 206, such that a first circumferential distance between a first set of two tabs 208 is longer than a second circumferential distance between a second set of two tabs 208. In some embodiments, the circumferential length of a surface of the tab 208 corresponds approximately to the circumferential length of the edge slot 210. In other embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is longer than the circumferential length of the edge slot 210. In further embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is shorter than the circumferential length of the edge slot 210.In some embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is between approximately 10 millimeters (mm) and approximately 50 mm, and the circumferential length of the edge slot 210 is between approximately 10 mm and approximately 50 mm. In some embodiments, at least one of the tabs 208 has a rectangular cross-section. In other embodiments, at least one of the tabs 208 has a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0047] The mixer 121 also comprises a second end 212, which is arranged opposite the first end 206 and is configured to be received in the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the second end 212 comprises a flange 214 extending radially outward from the mixer body 200. The flange 214 is configured to be received in the decomposition chamber 108. The flange 214 is configured to increase the velocity and shear stress of the exhaust gas, resulting in a reduction of treatment fluid deposits at the second end 212 compared to a second end 212 without the flange 214.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as in Fig. As shown in Figure 9, the flange 214 comprises a mixer body edge 215, which is connected to the mixer body 200, and an outlet edge 216. In some embodiments, the flange 214 comprises the following relationship: L = (R 1f - R 2f) / sin(θ). In this relationship, (i) L is a length of the flange 214, measured along the flange 214 between the mixer body edge 215 of the flange 214 and the outlet edge 216 of the flange 214, (ii) R 1f a first flange radius, measured from the mixer axis 228 to the outlet edge 216 of the flange 214, and R 1f is between 0.04 meters (m) and 0.08 m, (iii) R 2f a second flange radius, measured from the mixer axis 228 to the mixer body edge 215 of the flange 214, and the shape R 2f = R 1e / α has, where (a) R 1e a first end radius is, measured from the mixer axis 228 to the first end 206 of the mixer 121, and R 1e(a) α is between 0.02 m and 0.05 m, and (b) α is a radius ratio and is between 0.06 and 0.09. Additionally, in this relation, θ is a flange angle measured relative to the mixer axis 228, and θ is between 15 degrees and 50 degrees. In other embodiments, the length of the flange 214 (e.g., L) is between approximately 0.01 m and approximately 0.06 m.

[0049] In some embodiments, which are in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the flange 214 comprises a plurality of flange holes 217 extending through the flange 214. Each of the flange holes 217 is configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas through the flange 214, enabling portions of the exhaust gas to bypass the interior of the mixer body 200 and continue flowing through the decomposition chamber 108. This results in a reduction of the pressure drop (e.g., a pressure decrease, etc.) within the decomposition chamber 108 and assists the mixer 121 in efficiently distributing the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of the mixer 121.

[0050] In some embodiments, which are in the Fig. As shown in Figures 13-16, the flange 214 comprises a plurality of flange slots 218 extending through the flange 214. The flange slots 218 can be similar to those described above with respect to the flange holes 217. Each of the flange slots 218 creates a gap 220 between an inner surface of the flange slot 218 and an outer surface of the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, the radial width (e.g., the width in the radial direction, etc.) of the gap 220 is between 3 mm and 7 mm. In other embodiments, the radial width of the gap 220 is (i) less than 3 mm or (ii) more than 7 mm.

[0051] In some embodiments, in Fig. As shown in Figure 12, the mixer 121 also includes a first plate 222. The first plate 222 is coupled to the second end 212 and extends radially outward from the second end 212. The mixer 121 also includes a second plate 224. The second plate 224 is coupled to the second end 212 and extends radially outward from the second end 212. The mixer 121 also includes a mixer axis 228 that extends through the mixer body 200. The first plate 222 is angled at a third opening angle relative to the mixer axis 228. The second plate 224 is angled at a fourth opening angle relative to the mixer axis 228. The first plate 222, the second plate 224, and the second end 212 define a plate channel 226, which is configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas. In some embodiments, the plate channel 226 is defined only by the first plate 222, the second plate 224 and the second end 212.

[0052] In some embodiments, which are in Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the mixer 121 also includes a plurality of body holes 230 extending through the mixer body 200. Each of the body holes 230 is configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas from an outer section of the mixer body 200 through an inner section of the mixer body 200. This results in a reduction of the pressure drop within the decomposition chamber 108 and assists the mixer 121 in efficiently distributing the treatment fluid within the exhaust gases downstream of the mixer 121.

[0053] In some embodiments, in the Fig. As shown in Figures 17-20, the mixer 121 also includes an inner mixer 240, which is arranged within the mixer body 200. The inner mixer 240 comprises an inner mixer body 242. The inner mixer body 242 extends around the chamber axis 111 and is positioned such that the injection axis 119 extends into the inner mixer body 242. The inner mixer body 242 is configured to receive the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid. The inner mixer 240 includes a plurality of inner openings 244. Each inner opening 244 extends through the inner mixer body 242 and is configured to allow the flow of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid through the inner mixer body 242. In some embodiments, the inner mixer 240 comprises ten inner openings 244. In other embodiments, the inner mixer 240 comprises (i) fewer than ten inner openings 244 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten inner openings 244 (e.g.,eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0054] In some embodiments, each inner opening 244 has a largely rectangular shape, wherein the width of the inner opening 244 is largely constant over the entire inner opening 244 and the length of the inner opening 244 is largely constant over the entire inner opening 244. In other embodiments, each inner opening 244 has a largely trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the inner opening 244 varies over the entire inner opening 244 and the length of the inner opening 244 is either (i) largely constant over the entire inner opening 244 or (ii) varies over the entire inner opening 244.

[0055] The inner mixer 240 also comprises a plurality of inner vanes 246. Each inner vane 246 is coupled to the inner mixer body 242 along a section of one of the inner openings 244. Each inner vane 246 extends radially outward from the inner mixer body 242. The exhaust gases flow through the inner openings 244 and through the inner vanes 246. The inner vanes 246 may be angled relative to the inner mixer body 242, causing the exhaust gases to swirl as they flow through the inner mixer body 242. This swirling improves the mixing of the treatment fluid with the exhaust gases downstream of the inner mixer body 242. Each of the inner vanes 246 is configured to extend through each of the openings 202 of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the inner mixer 240 comprises ten inner vanes 246. In other embodiments, the inner mixer 240 (i) comprises fewer than ten inner vanes 246 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.).) or (ii) more than ten inner wings 246 (e.g. eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0056] In some embodiments, each inner wing 246 has a largely rectangular shape, wherein the width of the wing 246 is largely constant over the entire inner wing 246 and the length of the inner wing 246 is largely constant over the entire inner wing 246. In other embodiments, each inner wing 246 has a predominantly trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the inner wing 246 varies over the entire inner wing 246 and the length of the inner wing 246 is either (i) largely constant over the entire inner wing 246 or (ii) varies over the entire inner wing 246.

[0057] In some embodiments, each inner wing 246 comprises a third section and a fourth section. The third section and the fourth section each comprise a third edge that is connected to the inner mixer body 242. The third edges of the third section and the fourth section may be connected to the inner opening 244. The third section and the fourth section each also comprise a fourth edge. The fourth edges of the third section and the fourth section are adjacent to each other (e.g., the fourth edge of the third section is adjacent to the fourth edge of the second section). The third section is inclined away from the inner mixer body 242 at a third opening angle, and the fourth section is inclined away from the inner mixer body 242 at a fourth opening angle. In some embodiments, the third opening angle is equal to the fourth opening angle.In other embodiments, the third opening angle is (i) smaller than the fourth opening angle or (ii) larger than the fourth opening angle.

[0058] The inner mixer 240 further comprises a third end 248, which is arranged at a front section of the inner mixer 240, and a fourth end 249, which is arranged at a rear section of the inner mixer 240. The third end 248 comprises a plurality of inner tabs 250. At least one of the inner tabs 250 is coupled to the inner surface 141 of the plate 140. The third end 248 also comprises several inner edge slots 252. Each of the inner edge slots 252 is positioned between two of the inner tabs 250 and configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the third end 248 and into the inner mixer body 242. In some embodiments, the third end 248 and the first end 206 are coplanar. In other embodiments, the third end 248 and the first end 206 are not coplanar.

[0059] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 19A, the mixer 121 comprises a length L1 extending from the second end 212 to the underside of one of the edge slots 210. In some embodiments, the length L1 can be between approximately 100 mm and approximately 120 mm (e.g., 107.67 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a second end outer diameter D1 extending over an outer section of the mixer body 200 near the second end 212. In some embodiments, the second end outer diameter D1 can be between approximately 115 mm and approximately 130 mm (e.g., 122 mm, etc.). In other embodiments, the second end outer diameter D1 can be between approximately 90 mm and approximately 101 mm (e.g., 95.9 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a second end inner diameter D2, which extends over an inner section of the mixer body 200 near the second end 212. In some embodiments, the inner diameter D2 of the second end is between approximately 112 mm and 127 mm (e.g., 118.93 mm, etc.).The mixer 121 further comprises an outer diameter D3 of the first end, which extends over an outer section of the mixer body 200 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the outer diameter D3 of the first end can be between approximately 70 mm and approximately 80 mm (e.g., 74.39 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises an inner diameter D4 of the first end, which extends over an inner section of the mixer body 200 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the inner diameter D4 of the first end is between approximately 67 mm and 76 mm (e.g., 71.32 mm, etc.). In other embodiments, the inner diameter D4 of the first end is between approximately 86 mm and 98 mm (e.g., 92.5 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a tab height H1, which defines a height of at least one of the tabs 208. In some embodiments, the tab height H1 is between approximately 4 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g. 6.69 mm etc.).The mixer 121 includes an edge slot width W1, which defines the width of a non-circular width of at least one of the edge slots 210. In some embodiments, the edge slot width W1 is between approximately 10 mm and 20 mm (e.g., 14.41 mm, etc.).

[0060] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 19B, the mixer 121 comprises a blade length L2, measured over an outermost section of at least one of the blades 204. In some embodiments, the blade length L2 is between approximately 65 mm and approximately 77 mm (e.g., 72.76 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises an opening length L3, which defines a length of at least one of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the opening length L3 is between approximately 71 mm and approximately 85 mm (e.g., 77.56 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a first opening width W2, which defines a width of at least one of the openings 202 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first opening width W2 is between approximately 25 mm and approximately 35 mm (e.g., 30.5 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a second opening width W3, which defines a width of at least one of the openings 202 near the second end 212.In some embodiments, the second opening width W3 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.45 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a first wing width W4, which defines a width of at least one of the wings 204 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first wing width W4 is between approximately 27 mm and approximately 38 mm (e.g., 33.79 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a second wing width W5, which defines a width of at least one of the wings 204 near the second end 212. In some embodiments, the second wing width W5 is between approximately 16 mm and approximately 28 mm (e.g., 22.76 mm, etc.).

[0061] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 20A, the inner mixer 240 comprises a length L4 from the fourth end 249 to the underside of one of the inner edge slots 252. In some embodiments, the length L4 can be between about 90 mm and about 110 mm (e.g., 97.79 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a fourth end outer diameter D5 extending over an outer section of the inner mixer body 242 near the fourth end 249. In some embodiments, the fourth end outer diameter D5 can be between about 100 mm and about 125 mm (e.g., 113.7 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a second end inner diameter D6 extending over an inner section of the inner mixer body 242 near the fourth end 249. In some embodiments, the second end inner diameter D6 is between approximately 95 mm and 120 mm (e.g. 110.55 mm etc.).The inner mixer 240 further comprises a third end outer diameter D7, which extends over an outer section of the inner mixer body 242 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the third end outer diameter D7 can be between about 40 mm and about 60 mm (e.g., 51.24 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a first end inner diameter D8, which extends over an inner section of the inner mixer body 242 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the first end inner diameter D8 is between about 37 mm and 57 mm (e.g., 48.09 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 comprises a tab height H2, which defines a height of at least one of the inner tabs 250. In some embodiments, the tab height H2 is between about 1.5 mm and about 4.5 mm (e.g., 3.1 mm, etc.).The inner mixer 240 comprises an edge slot width W6, which defines the width of a non-circular width of at least one of the inner edge slots 252. In some embodiments, the edge slot width W6 is between approximately 5 mm and 15 mm (e.g., 9.36 mm, etc.).

[0062] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 20B, the inner mixer 240 comprises a wing length L5, measured over an outermost section of at least one of the inner wings 246. In some embodiments, the wing length L5 is between approximately 63 mm and approximately 75 mm (e.g., 70.53 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises an opening length L6, which defines a length of at least one of the inner openings 244. In some embodiments, the opening length L6 is between approximately 65 mm and approximately 82 mm (e.g., 75 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a first opening width W7, which defines a width of at least one of the inner openings 244 near the third end. In some embodiments, the first opening width W7 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.32 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a second opening width W8, which defines a width of at least one of the inner openings 244 near the fourth end 249.In some embodiments, the second opening width W8 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.62 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a first wing width W9, which defines a width of at least one of the inner wings 246 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the first wing width W9 is between approximately 22 mm and approximately 33 mm (e.g., 27.71 mm, etc.). The inner mixer 240 further comprises a second wing width W10, which defines a width of at least one of the inner wings 246 near the fourth end 249. In some embodiments, the second wing width W10 is between approximately 13 mm and approximately 23 mm (e.g., 17.42 mm, etc.).

[0063] In some embodiments, in the Fig. 28 and Fig. As shown in Figure 29, the mixer body 200 can be combined with the decomposition chamber 108, so that the mixer body 200 functions as the decomposition chamber 108 (e.g., the mixer body 200 is the decomposition chamber 108). This leads to a reduction in the pressure drop within the decomposition chamber 108 and assists the mixer 121 in efficiently distributing the treatment fluid within the exhaust gases downstream of the mixer 121. Consequently, a section of the mixer body 200 can extend across a gap between two adjacent bodies (e.g., a first body containing the particulate filter 106 and a second body containing the catalyst element 110, etc.). Furthermore, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 can include an additional mixing volume 253 downstream of the mixer 121. The additional mixing volume 253, by virtue of its space (e.g.,(its volume) provides additional time for the exhaust gas and treatment fluid to mix before they enter the catalyst element 110. This leads to better mixing of the exhaust gas and treatment fluid and thus to a reduction in NO. x -Emissions.

[0064] As in the Fig. As shown in Figures 30-41, the openings 202 can comprise a first set of openings 254 (e.g., a first row of openings, etc.), a second set of openings 256, and a third set of openings 258. Similarly, the wings 204 can comprise a first set of wings 260, a second set of wings 262, and a third set of wings 264. The first set of openings 254 corresponds to the first set of wings 260, such that each wing of the first set 260 is coupled to the mixer body 200 along a section of the first set of openings 254. The second set of openings 256 corresponds to the second set of wings 262, such that each wing of the second set 262 is coupled to the mixer body 200 along a section of the second set of openings 256. The third set of openings 258 corresponds to the third set of wings 264, such that each of the third set of wings 264 is coupled to the mixer body 200 along a section of the third set of openings 258.This configuration creates a turbulence of the exhaust gases along the length of the mixer 121, which can intensify the turbulence. This can improve the mixing of the treatment fluid with the exhaust gases within the mixer 121. This can also improve the reduction of deposits along the mixer 121.

[0065] In other embodiments, in the Fig. 32, Fig. 33, Fig. 34, Fig. 35, Fig. 36, Fig. 37, Fig. 38, Fig. 39, Fig. 40 to Fig. As shown in Figure 41, the openings 202 can also include a fourth set of openings 266. The wings 204 can also include a fourth set of wings 268. The fourth set of openings 266 corresponds to the fourth set of wings 268, such that each wing of the fourth set 268 is coupled to the mixer body along a section of the fourth set of openings 266.

[0066] In further embodiments, the openings 202 can comprise (i) more than four sets of openings (e.g., five sets of openings, six sets of openings, seven sets of openings, etc.) or (ii) fewer than three sets of openings (e.g., only the first set of openings 254, only the first set of openings 254 and the second set of openings 256, etc.). The wings 204 can comprise (i) more than four sets of wings (e.g., a fifth set of wings, a sixth set of wings, a seventh set of wings, etc.) or (ii) fewer than three sets of wings (e.g., only the first set of wings 260, only the first set of wings 260 and the second set of wings 262, etc.).

[0067] As in the Fig. 28 and Fig. 29, Fig. 32 and Fig. As shown in Figure 33, the first end 206 can have a first connection slot 270 configured to couple the mixer 121 to line couplings 271 (e.g., pipe connectors, etc.) and / or other components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 (e.g., the plate 140, the particulate filter 106, etc.). The second end 212 can also include a second connection slot 272 configured to couple the mixer 121 to line couplings 271 and / or other components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 located downstream of the mixer 121 (e.g., the catalyst element 110, etc.). In some embodiments, the first end 206 can include multiple first connection slots 270, and the second end 212 can include multiple second connection slots 272.In some embodiments, the line couplings 271 are coupled to the mixer body 200 without being coupled to the first connection slot 270 or the second connection slot 272. In some embodiments, the line couplings 271 are coupled to the mixer body 200 around an outer surface of the mixer body 200, so that the line couplings 271 are less likely to accumulate deposits of the treatment fluid.

[0068] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 33, the mixer 121 comprises a length L7 extending from the first end 206 to the second end 212. In some embodiments, the length L7 is between approximately 390 mm and approximately 400 mm (e.g., 394 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L8 extending from the first end 206 to the line coupling 271. In some embodiments, the length L8 is between approximately 360 mm and approximately 376 mm (e.g., 368.3 mm, etc.). The line coupling 271 comprises an outer diameter D9. In some embodiments, the outer diameter D9 is between approximately 120 mm and approximately 136 mm (e.g., 128 mm, etc.). When the plate 140 is coupled to the mixer 121 near the first end 206, the plate 140 can have a plate width W11 that projects outwards from the first end 206. In some embodiments, the plate width W11 is between approximately 4 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 34, the injector opening 139 comprises an injector opening diameter D10. In some embodiments, the injector opening diameter D10 is between approximately 15 mm and approximately 29 mm (e.g., 22 mm, etc.).

[0069] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 35, the mixer 121 can include a vertical axis 274 that is perpendicular to the mixer axis 228. The mixer 121 includes an angle A1 between an edge of one of the vanes 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, the angle A1 is between approximately 25 degrees and approximately 35 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees, etc.). The mixer 121 includes an angle A2 between an edge of another of the vanes 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, the angle A2 is between approximately 37 degrees and approximately 47 degrees (e.g., 42 degrees, etc.). The mixer 121 includes an angle A3 between an edge of another of the vanes 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, the angle A3 is between approximately 110 degrees and approximately 120 degrees (e.g., 114 degrees, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises an angle A4 between an edge of another of the wings 204 and the vertical axis 274.In some embodiments, angle A4 lies between approximately 1 degree and approximately 11 degrees (e.g., 5.9 degrees, etc.). The mixer 121 includes an angle A5 between an edge of another of the wings 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A5 lies between approximately 250 degrees and approximately 266 degrees (e.g., 258 degrees, etc.). The mixer 121 includes an angle A6 between an edge of the second connecting slot 272 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A6 lies between approximately 279 degrees and approximately 293 degrees (e.g., 286 degrees, etc.).

[0070] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 36, the mixer 121 comprises a length L9 between an edge of an opening of the first set of openings 254 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L9 is between approximately 26 mm and approximately 40 mm (e.g., 32.9 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a length L10 between an edge of an opening of the second set of openings 256 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L10 is between approximately 80 mm and approximately 96 mm (e.g., 87.9 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a length L11 between an edge of an opening of the third set of openings 258 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L11 is between approximately 135 mm and approximately 151 mm (e.g., 142.9 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a length L12 between an edge of an opening of the fourth set of openings 266 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L12 is between approximately 190 mm and approximately 206 mm (e.g., 197.9 mm, etc.). As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 37, the mixer 121 comprises an angle A7 between an edge of the first connecting slot 270 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, the angle A7 is between about 60 degrees and about 76 degrees (e.g., 68 degrees, etc.).

[0071] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 38, the mixer 121 can comprise a point X located at the second end 212 and a point Y located on the mixer body 200. Point X and point Y lie in the same plane. The mixer 121 further comprises a length L13 between point X and point Y. In some embodiments, the length L13 is between approximately 42 mm and approximately 57 mm (e.g., 50 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a roundness tolerance C1 (e.g., roughness, etc.) between point X and point Y. In some embodiments, the roundness tolerance C1 is between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 0.8 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 can further comprise a point N located on the mixer body 200 and a point M located at the first end 206. Point N and point M are coplanar. The mixer 121 also includes a length L14 between point N and point M.In some embodiments, the length L14 is between approximately 13 mm and approximately 27 mm (e.g., 20 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a roundness tolerance C2 between point N and point M. In some embodiments, the roundness tolerance C2 is between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 0.8 mm, etc.).

[0072] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 39, the mixer 121 can have an axial edge 276 parallel to the mixer axis 228. The mixer 121 further comprises a length L16 from the axial edge 276 to an edge of one of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the length L16 is between about 30 mm and about 46 mm (e.g., 37.8 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L17 from the axial edge 276 to an edge of another opening of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the length L17 is between about 90 mm and about 104 mm (e.g., 96.8 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L18 from the axial edge 276 to an edge of another opening of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the length L18 is between approximately 150 mm and approximately 162 mm (e.g., 155.7 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L19 from the axial edge 276 to an edge of another opening of the openings 202.In some embodiments, the length L19 is between approximately 206 mm and approximately 222 mm (e.g., 214.7 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L20 from the axial edge 276 to an edge of another opening of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the length L20 is between approximately 266 mm and approximately 280 mm (e.g., 273.7 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 may comprise a continuous length L21 for at least one opening of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the continuous length L21 is between approximately 25 mm and approximately 35 mm (e.g., 30.1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 may comprise a continuous width W12 for at least one of the openings 202. In some embodiments, the continuous width W12 is between approximately 15 mm and approximately 25 mm (e.g. 20.4 mm etc.).

[0073] As in the Fig. 30, Fig. 32, Fig. 36, Fig. 38 and Fig. As shown in Figure 39, each of the openings 202 comprises a first edge 278 coupled to one of the wings 204. Each of the openings 202 further comprises a second edge 280, which is perpendicular to the first edge 278 and is arranged along a first end of the first edge 278. Each of the openings 202 further comprises a third edge 282, which is perpendicular to the first edge 278 and is arranged along a second end of the first edge 278 opposite the first end of the first edge 278. Each of the openings 202 further comprises a fourth edge 284, which is opposite the first edge 278 and is perpendicular to both the second edge 280 and the third edge 282. In some embodiments, the length of the first edge 278 is between about 20 mm and about 40 mm (e.g., 30.1 mm, etc.). In some embodiments, the length of the second edge 280 is between about 10 mm and about 30 mm (e.g. 20.66 mm etc.).In some embodiments, the first edge 278 and the fourth edge 284 comprise the same or approximately the same lengths. In other embodiments, the first edge 278 and the fourth edge 284 comprise different (e.g., unequal, etc.) lengths. In some embodiments, the second edge 280 and the third edge 282 comprise the same or approximately the same lengths. In other embodiments, the second edge 280 and the third edge 282 comprise different lengths.

[0074] As in the Fig. 30, Fig. 32, Fig. 33, Fig. 36, Fig. 38 and Fig. As shown in Figure 39, the mixer 121 can comprise a plurality of reference axes 300. Each of the reference axes 300 is parallel to the mixer axis 228 and to the axial edge 276 and extends through at least (i) an intersection between the first edge 278 and the second edge 280 of an opening of the first set of openings 254 and (ii) an intersection between the first edge 278 and the second edge 280 of an opening of the second set of openings 256. The mixer 121 can comprise an opening angle A8 on the mixer body 200 between the first edge 278 of at least one of the openings 202 and the axial edge 276. The opening angle A8 is also located on the mixer body 200 between the first edge 278 of at least one of the openings 202 and one of the reference axes 300. In some embodiments, the opening angle A8 is between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 30 degrees. In other embodiments, the opening angle A8 is between approximately 10 degrees and approximately 20 degrees (e.g., 10 degrees).B. 15.5 degrees, etc.). In some embodiments, only some (e.g., not all, etc.) of the openings 202 encompass the opening angle A8. In other embodiments, all openings 202 encompass the opening angle A8.

[0075] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 40, the first connecting slot 270 comprises a first slot width W13. In some embodiments, the first slot width W13 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The first connecting slot 270 further comprises a first slot length L22. In some embodiments, the first slot length L22 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The first connecting slot 270 further comprises a radius of curvature R1. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature R1 is between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a length L23 between an edge of the first connecting slot 270 and the axial edge 276. In some embodiments, the length L23 is between approximately 7 mm and approximately 18 mm (e.g., 13.35 mm, etc.).

[0076] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 41, the second connecting slot 272 comprises a second slot width W14. In some embodiments, the second slot width W14 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The second connecting slot 272 further comprises a second slot length L24. In some embodiments, the second slot length L24 is between approximately 5 mm and approximately 14 mm (e.g., 9 mm, etc.). The first connecting slot 270 further comprises a radius of curvature R2. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature R2 is between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 comprises a length L25 between an edge of the second connecting slot 272 and the axial edge 276. In some embodiments, the length L25 is between approximately 7 mm and approximately 18 mm (e.g., 13.35 mm, etc.).

[0077] As in Fig.As shown in Figure 29, the injector 120 can comprise a tip surface 123 (e.g., an end surface, etc.). The mixer 121 further comprises a length L26 from the tip surface 123 to an intersection between the second edge 280 and the fourth edge 284 of an opening of the first set of openings 254. In some embodiments, the length L26 is between about 2 mm and about 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.).

[0078] It should be noted that the mixer 121 can be manufactured (e.g. produced, built, etc.) by various conventional methods, such as the Mannesmann plug-mill process, the mandrel-mill process, the extrusion process, forging (e.g., the process for manufacturing welded seamless tubes, etc.), welding (e.g., the process for manufacturing welded tubes, etc.), casting, drawing, forming, machining, cutting, punching, embossing, and 3D printing. IV. Configuration of Implementation Examples

[0079] Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the claim, but rather as descriptions of features specific to certain implementations. Certain features described in this specification in connection with separate implementations may also be implemented in combination within a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in connection with a single implementation may also be implemented separately in multiple implementations or in any suitable subcombination.Furthermore, while features can be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, in some cases one or more features can be removed from a claimed combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a subcombination or a variation of a subcombination.

[0080] As used herein, the terms “essentially”, “generally”, “approximately”, and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with their usual and accepted use by the person skilled in the art to whom this disclosure is addressed. The person skilled in the art examining this disclosure should understand that these terms serve to describe certain described and claimed features without limiting the scope of those features to the specified precise numerical ranges. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted such that inessential or minor modifications or changes to the described and claimed subject matter are considered to be within the scope of the appended claims.

[0081] The term "coupled" and the like, as used herein, denotes the direct or indirect connection of two components. Such a connection may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or detachable). Such a connection can be achieved by integrally forming the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, as a single, unified body, with the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, being attached to one another.

[0082] The terms "fluidically coupled to" and the like, as used herein, mean that a path is formed between the two components or objects in which a fluid, such as air, treatment fluid, an air-treatment fluid mixture, exhaust gas, hydrocarbon, or an air-hydrocarbon mixture, can flow, either with or without intervening components or objects. Examples of fluid couplings or configurations that enable fluid coupling may include pipes, channels, or other suitable components that allow the flow of a fluid from one component or object to another.

[0083] It is important to note that the design and arrangement of the various systems shown in the different example implementations are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. All changes and modifications that are within the scope and / or purpose of the described implementations are to be protected. It is understood that some features may not be necessary and that implementations lacking these features may be considered to be within the scope of disclosure, which is defined by the subsequent claims. When the term "a section" is used, the element may comprise a section and / or the entire element, unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0084] Furthermore, the term "or" is used in its inclusive (and not its exclusive) sense when referring to a list of elements, so that when combining a list of elements, "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive phrases such as "at least one of X, Y, and Z" are, unless explicitly stated otherwise, to be understood in context as they are generally used to express that an element, term, etc., can be either X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Therefore, such a conjunctive phrase is generally not intended to mean that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z, unless otherwise stated.

[0085] Furthermore, the value ranges used herein (e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) include their maximum and minimum values ​​(e.g., W1 to W2 includes W1 and W2 includes W2, etc.), unless otherwise specified. Additionally, a value range (e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) does not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values ​​within the range (e.g., W1 to W2 may only include W1 and W2, etc.), unless otherwise specified.

Claims

[1] Mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system, wherein the mixer comprises: a mixer body positioned such that an injection axis of an injector of a metering module extends into the mixer body, the mixer body being configured to receive exhaust gas and treatment fluid; a multitude of openings extending through the mixer body, each opening being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixer body; a plurality of wings, each of which is coupled to the mixer body along a section of one of the openings, each of which extends radially outwards from the mixer body; and a first end, showing: a multitude of tabs, and a multitude of edge slots, with each edge slot positioned between two of the tabs. [2] Mixer according to claim 1, wherein each of the wings has: a first section inclined away from the mixer body at a first opening angle, wherein the first section is connected to the mixer body; and a second section which is inclined away from the mixer body at a second opening angle, wherein the second section is connected to the mixer body. [3] Mixer according to claim 1, wherein the mixer further comprises a second end opposite the first end, the second end comprising a flange extending radially outwards from the mixer body. [4] Mixer according to claim 3, wherein: the mixer body is centered on a mixer axis; the flange has a mixer body edge connected to the mixer body and an outlet edge; L=(R1f−R2f) / sin(θ); L is the length of the flange, measured along the flange between the mixer body edge of the flange and the outlet edge of the flange; R 1f a first flange radius, measured from the mixer axis to the outlet edge of the flange, and 0.04 meters ≤ R 1f ≤ 0.08 meters; R 2f a second flange radius, measured from the mixer axis to the mixer body edge of the flange, and the shape R 2f = R 1e / α has; R 1e a first end radius, measured from the mixer axis to the first end of the mixer, and 0.02 meters ≤ R 1e ≤ 0.05 meters; α is a radius ratio and 0.06 ≤ α ≤ 0.09; and θ is a flange angle measured relative to the mixer axis, and 15 degrees ≤ θ ≤ 50 degrees. [5] Mixer according to claim 3, wherein the flange has at least one of the following features: a multitude of flange holes extending through the flange, each flange hole configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the flange; or a multitude of flange slots extending through the flange, each flange slot being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the flange, the flange being configured to be received in a decomposition chamber. [6] Mixer according to claim 1, further comprising: a second end opposite the first end; a first plate that is coupled to the second end and extends radially outwards from the second end; and a second plate coupled to the second end and extending radially outwards from the second end, wherein the first plate, the second plate and the second end define a plate channel configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas, such that the plate channel is defined only by the first plate, the second plate and the second end. [7] Mixer according to claim 1, further comprising: a second end opposite the first end; and a multitude of body holes extending through the mixer body and arranged between the second end and the openings, each of the body holes being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the mixer body. [8] Mixer according to claim 1, further comprising an inner mixer, wherein the inner mixer is arranged within the mixer body and the inner mixer comprises: an inner mixer body positioned such that the injection axis extends into the inner mixer body, the inner mixer body being configured to receive the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid; a multitude of internal openings extending through the inner mixer body, each of the internal openings being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the inner mixer body; and a plurality of inner wings, each of the inner wings being coupled along a section of one of the inner openings to the inner mixer body, and each of the inner wings extending radially outwards from the inner mixer body. [9] Mixer according to claim 8, wherein each of the inner wings extends through each of the openings of the mixer. [10] Mixer according to claim 1, wherein the mixer body extends about a chamber axis centered along a decomposition chamber of a post-treatment system. [11] Exhaust aftertreatment system comprising: a decomposition chamber centered on a chamber axis; a plate positioned such that the chamber axis extends through the plate, the plate having: one of the inner sides facing the decomposition chamber, and an outside opposite the inside; a dosing module coupled to the outside of the plate and comprising the injector configured to supply the treatment fluid through the plate into the decomposition chamber and along the injection axis; and the mixer according to claim 1. [12] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, wherein each of the vanes of the mixer comprises: a first section inclined away from the mixer body at a first opening angle, wherein the first section is connected to the mixer body; and a second section which is inclined away from the mixer body at a second opening angle, wherein the second section is connected to the mixer body. [13] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, wherein the mixer further has a second end opposite the first end, the second end having a flange extending radially outwards from the mixer body. [14] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 13, wherein: the mixer body is centered on a mixer axis; the flange has a mixer body edge connected to the mixer body and an outlet edge; L=(R1f−R2f) / sin(θ); L is the length of the flange, measured along the flange between the mixer body edge of the flange and the outlet edge of the flange; R 1f a first flange radius, measured from the mixer axis to the outlet edge of the flange and 0.04 meters ≤ R 1f ≤ 0.08 meters, is; R 2f a second flange radius, measured from the mixer axis to the mixer body edge of the flange, and the shape R 2f = R 1e / α has; R 1e a first end radius, measured from the mixer axis to the first end of the mixer, and 0.02 meters ≤ R 1e ≤ 0.05 meters; α is a radius ratio and 0.06 ≤ α ≤ 0.09; and θ is a flange angle measured relative to the mixer axis, and 15 degrees ≤ θ ≤ 50 degrees. [15] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 13, wherein the flange has at least one of the following features: a multitude of flange holes extending through the flange, each flange hole configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas through the flange; or a multitude of flange slots extending through the flange, each flange slot being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the flange, the flange being configured to be received in the decomposition chamber. [16] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, wherein the mixer further comprises: a second end opposite the first end; a first plate that is coupled to the second end and extends radially outwards from the second end; and a second plate coupled to the second end and extending radially outwards from the second end, wherein the first plate, the second plate and the second end define a plate channel configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas, such that the plate channel is defined only by the first plate, the second plate and the second end. [17] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, wherein the mixer further comprises: a second end opposite the first end; and a multitude of body holes extending through the mixer body and arranged between the second end and the openings, each of the body holes being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the mixer body. [18] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, further comprising an internal mixer, wherein the internal mixer is arranged within the mixer body and the internal mixer comprises: an inner mixer body extending around the chamber axis and positioned such that the injection axis extends into the inner mixer body, the inner mixer body being configured to receive the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid; a multitude of internal openings extending through the inner mixer body, each of the internal openings being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the inner mixer body; and a plurality of inner wings, each of the inner wings being coupled along a section of one of the inner openings to the inner mixer body, each of the inner wings extending radially outwards from the inner mixer body. [19] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 18, wherein each of the inner wings extends through each of the openings of the mixer. [20] Exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, wherein the mixer body extends around the chamber axis. [21] Mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system, wherein the mixer comprises: a mixer body centered on a mixer axis and positioned such that an injection axis of an injector of a metering module extends into the mixer body, the mixer body being configured to receive exhaust gas and treatment fluid; a plurality of openings extending through the mixer body, each of the openings being arranged on the mixer body at an opening angle relative to a reference axis running parallel to the mixer axis, the opening angle being between 5 degrees and 30 degrees, each of the openings being configured to allow the flow of exhaust gases through the mixer body, and each of the openings having: a first edge, and a second edge that is perpendicular to the first edge and connected to the first edge; and a plurality of wings, each of which is coupled to the mixer body along a section of one of the openings, each of which extends radially inwards from the mixer body; wherein the reference axis extends through: (i) an intersection point between the first edge and the second edge of one of the openings and (ii) an intersection point between the first edge and the second edge of another of the openings. [22] Mixer according to claim 21, wherein the opening angle is between 10 degrees and 20 degrees. [23] Mixer according to claim 21, wherein the mixer body has a cylindrical shape. [24] Mixer according to claim 21, wherein the mixer body extends around the injection axis.

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