ventilation system

Abstract

Ventilation device (1) for attachment and / or installation on / in a passage opening (2) through a partition surface (3) in the form of a partition wall, a door or a housing, with a fan (4) arranged in the area of ​​the passage opening (2) and preferably with a cold smoke barrier and / or with a drop-down bulkhead (17) in order to be able to close the passage opening (2) through the partition surface (3) in the event of smoke development and / or a fire, characterized by a control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ), which switches on the fan (5) when required and switches it off when not needed and / or in a dangerous situation, e.g. in the event of smoke development and / or in the event of a fire.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a ventilation device for attachment and / or installation on / in a passage opening through a partition surface in the form of a partition wall, a door or a housing, with a fan arranged in the area of ​​the passage opening and preferably with a cold smoke barrier and / or with a drop-down barrier in order to be able to close the passage opening through the partition surface in the event of smoke development and / or a fire.

[0002] Often, essential building services such as electricity supply, telephone, computer and control systems, and possibly distribution stations for water, energy carriers, etc., are located in separate rooms, for example in brick-lined chambers, cabinets, or other enclosures. This protects such services from unauthorized access.

[0003] Due to the consumption of control and / or auxiliary energy, such rooms must be cooled during the operation of the equipment they contain in order to dissipate the consumed control and / or auxiliary energy and thereby prevent overheating of the room. Regular air exchange may be provided for this purpose.

[0004] This can be achieved, for example, by means of two spaced-apart openings in a partition wall of the separated room, between which an air circulation is maintained, which enters the separated room at one opening and exits at another, carrying the absorbed heat with it.

[0005] On the other hand, a partition wall in such a room also serves to prevent the spread of fire, either into or out of the separated room, depending on the fire source. However, in the event of a fire, smoke or even glowing or burning particles can pass through the ventilation system installed in the partition wall and thus overcome the partition, allowing the fire to spread further. To prevent such fire spread, the ventilation system should be designed to close automatically in the event of a fire.

[0006] For this purpose, DE 20 2018 005 118 U1 has already proposed providing the passage opening with a partition surface and a drop-down baffle. Each drop-down baffle is held in a position above the respective passage opening without auxiliary energy by a purely mechanical holding device, which only releases the drop-down baffle at significantly elevated temperatures.

[0007] On the other hand, for example, cold smoke development is not detected by a triggering device that only reacts to elevated temperatures, and after triggering a purely mechanical drop gate, automatic opening is no longer possible, so that a temporary closure is not feasible.

[0008] The disadvantages of the described prior art result in the problem initiating the invention: to further develop a ventilation device of the generic type in such a way that it can be automatically interrupted not only in the event of a fire, but also in the event of other dangers such as cold smoke development.

[0009] This problem is solved by a preferably active control device which switches the fan on when needed and switches it off when not needed and / or in a dangerous situation, e.g. in the event of smoke development and / or a fire.

[0010] This means the fan doesn't have to run continuously, but can be switched off in certain situations, enabling, for example, energy-saving intermittent operation. Furthermore, when the fan is switched off, at least active air exchange between the two sides of the partition is no longer possible, thus significantly reducing the ingress of smoke or similar substances, even in a hazardous situation. An additional flap or similar device can also be used to completely block or exclude cold smoke. A fan, in conjunction with such an actively operated cold smoke barrier, can be switched back on at any time without requiring manual intervention.

[0011] It has proven advantageous for the control unit to be located on the same side of the partition as the fan, and / or not separated from the fan by the partition. In this case, no cable routing is required, and the control unit can be concealed behind the partition or surface along with the fan, thus preventing unauthorized access.

[0012] It is within the scope of the invention that the control device includes a thermostat in the form of a temperature controller or switch, preferably which switches the fan on above a higher temperature limit and off below a lower temperature limit. This enables simple yet effective temperature control within an enclosed space behind the relevant partition or surface, particularly in the manner of a two-point control system.

[0013] The thermostat should have a temperature sensor located on the same side of the partition as the fan, and / or not separated from the fan by the partition. This allows the temperature within a space enclosed by the partition or surface to be measured directly, providing a basis for temperature control within that space.

[0014] While the previously described temperature sensor only derives the on and off thresholds for the aforementioned temperature control – and thus not necessarily a temperature identifiable by a fire – the invention further provides that the control device includes a temperature sensor for detecting a fire on this side, i.e., a fire on the same side of the partition where the fan is located. This is because a fire at this point will generally mean a fire within the space enclosed by the partition or surface, and in such a case, any air exchange between the two sides of the partition or surface should be stopped as quickly as possible so that a potentially smoldering or already fully ignited fire is not supplied with further oxygen.

[0015] For this purpose, the temperature sensor can be designed as a temperature switch to detect a fire on this side and switch off the fan if a predefined temperature is exceeded. This measure alone prevents active ventilation of any enclosed area behind the relevant partition wall or surface. Additionally, a cold smoke barrier or damper can be closed if necessary. This hermetically seals off the room in question, preventing any passive air exchange.

[0016] While the thermostat-controlled temperature regulation allows the fan to start automatically when needed, the temperature sensor, used to detect a fire, should only be able to be reactivated after a shutdown has been triggered, preferably manually. Generally, when a temperature threshold identified as indicating a fire is exceeded, an alarm is also triggered, and the entire system switches from normal operation to emergency operation. It is either immediately shut down or switched to another safe or hazard-reducing operating mode. This state can only be acknowledged by human personnel after a thorough inspection; it is then also the responsibility of these personnel to reset the fan control device according to the invention back to normal operation.

[0017] On the other hand, it is also possible to integrate the temperature sensor for detecting a fire on this side with the thermostat's temperature sensor into a single sensor, or to derive all switching thresholds from the same sensor, provided a suitably multifunctional temperature sensor is capable of this. In any case, a continuously operating temperature-to-voltage converter could generate a voltage signal proportional to the measured temperature, which would then be compared by separate comparators with individually set or adjustable switching thresholds to generate different switching signals. From these, the temperature control and the fire-related shutdown could be derived.

[0018] Preferably, a control device according to the invention can be further developed by means of a smoke detector for detecting smoke development. This opens up the possibility of detecting even a smoldering fire, i.e., a fire without increased temperature development, provided that it is accompanied by perceptible smoke development.

[0019] Provided that – as further provided by the invention – the smoke detector for detecting smoke development is arranged on the same side of the partition surface as the fan, and / or is not separated from the fan by the partition surface, the area within the space enclosed by the partition wall or surface in question can be monitored for smoldering fires or other smoke developments, particularly with the intention of detecting a fire there as early as possible and being able to initiate appropriate countermeasures without delay. In particular, the oxygen supply to such an incipient fire can be shut off, and / or the system can be switched to a particularly safe operating state at an early stage, possibly by triggering an alarm – e.g., acoustic or visual – possibly in a control center, in order to alert specially trained personnel to the impending danger.

[0020] A particularly simple design results when the smoke detector is configured as a smoke switch to detect smoke development and shuts off the fan when a predetermined smoke concentration is exceeded. In this case, the functions of a sensor, comparator, and switch can be integrated into a single component, resulting not only in a clear circuit but also in a reduction of the overall circuit complexity and thus minimizing susceptibility to malfunctions.

[0021] The invention recommends that the smoke detector, for detecting smoke development, can only be reactivated after a shutdown has been triggered by a preferably manual reset. This prevents the fan from restarting automatically; instead, an alarm is triggered first, prompting the operating personnel to investigate and eliminate the cause of the smoke development. Only after acknowledging the alarm can the fan control device according to the invention be returned to normal operation.

[0022] As a further addition, the control device can be equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting a fire on the other side, or be coupled to such a sensor, which is located on the opposite side of the partition from the fan and / or separated from the fan by the partition. This enables the control device according to the invention to detect fires even outside a space enclosed by the partition or surface. In this case, too, it is advantageous to create the most completely airtight seal possible in the area of ​​the partition or surface. This prevents, for example, sparks from spreading a fire into the area behind the partition or surface. This is also a measure to maintain emergency operation of the system components housed in the protected space for as long as possible.

[0023] The control unit can be connected to the temperature sensor for detecting a fire on the other side via a cable or wirelessly. The preferred option should be decided on a case-by-case basis. However, a wired connection offers the advantage of a particularly simple setup and the further benefit of supplying the necessary operating voltage via the cable. An accidental cable break, or the resulting failure to detect a fire, can potentially be avoided by ensuring a constant, finite quiescent current flows in the cable connection. In the event of a cable break, this triggers a signal failure, generating a notification that then requires maintenance personnel to go to the site and assess the situation.

[0024] The temperature sensor for detecting a fire in the afterlife can also be designed as a temperature switch, shutting off the fan if a preset temperature is exceeded. This again allows multiple functions to be integrated into a single component, improving the clarity of the circuit and reducing its susceptibility to malfunctions.

[0025] Since the activation of this temperature sensor, which is intended to detect a fire on the other side, implies the presence of a fire beyond the relevant partition wall or surface, a restart after a shutdown caused by this should only be possible after a preferably manual reset.

[0026] Since the various thermostats, sensors and switches require a preferably electrical auxiliary energy supply, the invention further provides that the control device is coupled with a power supply.

[0027] The power supply can be an uninterruptible power supply, so that even in the event of a temporary power outage, orderly operation is still possible for at least a while.

[0028] Depending on the nature of the components connected to the power supply or the devices powered by it, the power supply should provide either mains or extra-low voltage at its output. While mains voltage can be either single-phase AC or three-phase AC, extra-low voltage refers to a voltage that is harmless to humans in the event of accidental contact. This can be either direct current (DC) up to 120 V, for example, 24 V or 60 V; or alternating current (AC) with an RMS amplitude of up to approximately 50 V.

[0029] Furthermore, the control unit can include an installation contactor that can be controlled by a low voltage and switches a mains voltage through its output to a load, in particular for operating the fan. This allows the voltage level of the control unit to be selected independently of the characteristics or supply voltage of the load or fan.

[0030] The fan is preferably driven by an electric motor. In principle, various motor types are suitable, such as DC, AC, or three-phase motors. Since speed control is generally not required, simpler motor types can also be used, in particular AC motors such as capacitor motors, shaded-pole motors, or reluctance motors.

[0031] To protect against external influences and accidental injuries, the fan should be positioned behind a cover. This cover can, for example, have several louvers spaced relatively close together, ideally smaller than the thickness of a finger.

[0032] On the other hand, such a cover offers the additional possibility of arranging a filter within the fan cover area. This also makes it possible to keep an area enclosed behind a partition or surface in a relatively clean condition, particularly free of insects, which could otherwise cause short circuits or other damage, for example, within a control cabinet.

[0033] As mentioned at the outset, a cold smoke barrier can also be provided, preferably arranged in a common line with the fan. This allows for immediate hermetic sealing in the area of ​​the partition, particularly upon detection of a hazardous situation, especially smoke on either side of or beyond the partition or surface in question, long before, for example, a drop-down fire barrier – due to the increased temperatures during a fire – falls and closes the relevant opening(s).

[0034] The invention recommends that the cold smoke barrier be self-closing, i.e., that it closes when de-energized. This ensures that, even during a prolonged power outage, the system remains in a state optimally protected against fire.

[0035] The cold smoke barrier can be designed, for example, as a flap, preferably coupled to an electromagnet for opening and closing. A spring could, for instance, pull the flap into the closed position unless an electric current in the electromagnet holds the flap open. If the flap is pressed against a circumferential sealing lip when closed, any residual air exchange can be minimized or even completely suppressed.

[0036] A particularly simple arrangement is achieved by connecting a self-closing cold smoke barrier in parallel with the fan. In the absence of power, both the fan and the cold smoke barrier are closed; as soon as the fan is switched on and starts running, the cold smoke barrier also opens to allow air exchange.

[0037] Preferably, the cold smoke barrier is located on the same side of the partition wall or surface as the fan. The cold smoke barrier should open when airflow occurs in the direction intended for normal operation. This ensures that normal ventilation is not obstructed, while preventing fire spread in the opposite direction.

[0038] If, in addition to the opening equipped with a fan, a further opening is provided in the partition surface, a continuous circulation of cooling air is enabled. Preferably, the fan is installed with its airflow direction such that it pushes the air through the opening in question, although it could also be installed in such a way that it draws the air through the opening in question.

[0039] No actively driven fan is required in the area of ​​another opening. Instead, a pressure equalization constantly occurs between the two sides of the partition or surface, and approximately the same volume of air will constantly flow through this opening as is moved by the fan at the other opening, only in the opposite direction.

[0040] A separate cold smoke barrier can also be provided in the area of ​​the other passage opening, which is preferably also opened and closed by the control unit. This makes it possible to open or close both passage openings with just one control unit.

[0041] On the other hand, it is also possible that a separate drop-down firestop is provided in the area of ​​the further passage opening. In such a case, especially in the event of a fire, both drop-down firestops are always closed, creating a hermetically sealed state as a measure to suppress further spread of fire through the partition wall or surface.

[0042] In a purely mechanically triggered drop-down firestop, the force of gravity, present everywhere on Earth, is used to perform the closing movement, so no additional auxiliary energy is required for operation. Furthermore, this force is extremely reliable. Since gravity cannot be controlled, the movement or triggering of the drop-down firestop is controlled instead; that is, the drop-down firestop is held in the open position during normal operation and released when necessary, i.e., in the event of a fire, so that it falls into the opening to close it.

[0043] It has proven advantageous that the drop gate is located above the passage opening in the unactivated state, so that potential energy is stored in the raised position, which can be accessed when needed and is available for propulsion.

[0044] To ensure reliable operation of the drop-down barrier according to the invention at all times, it should be held and / or triggered without auxiliary energy. Any dependence on auxiliary energy could lead to a situation where, in the event of a disruption in the supply of that auxiliary energy, triggering in the event of a fire would fail, and a fire could therefore spread through the partition wall in question.

[0045] A further advantage of the invention is that the drop gate can be guided within the separating surface. There, it is protected from any interference, in particular from interference by unauthorized personnel. This prevents both false triggering and any damage that could lead to jamming or similar problems.

[0046] The invention can be further developed such that the drop bulkhead is guided in a planar cavity within the partition surface. For the smoothest possible operation, the maximum horizontal cross-section through this planar cavity should be larger than the maximum horizontal cross-section through the drop bulkhead.

[0047] The invention further recommends that the guide cavity for the drop bulkhead is not accessible from the outside without removing the ventilation device, so that manipulation of the drop bulkhead is impossible.

[0048] By extending upwards from the opening, the guide cavity for the drop-down damper connects the upper, undeployed (i.e., open) position of the damper with the lower, deployed (or closed) position. The lower boundary of the guide cavity serves to lock the deployed damper in its lower position, where it just closes the opening. Therefore, the lower boundary of the guide cavity should be approximately level with the bottom edge of the opening.

[0049] To ensure that the drop-down firestop can only fall from its upper position in the event of a fire, it should be held in place by a retaining element projecting into the guide cavity when not in use. This retaining element should extend wholly or partially below the lower edge of the raised drop-down firestop. Only when this retaining element clears the path for the drop-down firestop in the event of a fire can it fall and close the opening.

[0050] The invention is preferably further developed in that the retaining element is made of a material which changes or loses its structure or shape when heated. To trigger the drop barrier, the lower portion of its guide cavity must be released. According to the invention, this is achieved in the event of a fire by the retaining element becoming soft in a heated state, thus losing its initially rigid structure or shape and subsequently no longer being able to support the weight of the drop barrier, and / or by the retaining element changing its shape in such a way that it no longer protrudes into the guide cavity and thus clears the path for the drop barrier.

[0051] One way to implement the retaining element is to form a circumferential opening around the edge of the opening. In this case, the retaining element preferably has a shell-like shape, or, in the case of a round opening, preferably a tubular shape.

[0052] The invention can be realized by designing the retaining element as a heat-shrinkable tube surrounding the through-hole. With a sufficiently thick tube, a heat-shrinkable tube has a solid consistency when cold, while it softens upon heating and loses its rigid structure; simultaneously, it also changes its shape by contracting and reducing its volume, preferably in both radial and axial directions. A heat-shrinkable tube has the further advantage that its shrinkage behavior is not dependent on a temperature difference, but rather on its absolute temperature, so that even very slow temperature increases can trigger the shrinking process and cause the drop-down bulkhead to fall.

[0053] Further features, details, advantages and effects based on the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 a ventilation device according to a first embodiment of the invention in a vertical section; Fig. 2 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in an external view of the ventilation device installed in a partition surface; Fig. 3 a ventilation device according to a second embodiment of the Fig. 1 corresponding invention in a sectional view; Fig. 4 the embodiment according to Fig. 3 in an external view of the ventilation device installed in a partition surface; Fig. 5 an electrical block diagram of a control device for the ventilation system according to Fig. 1 in a minimal configuration; Fig. 6 one of the Fig. 5 corresponding representation of a modified embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 one of the Fig. 5 corresponding representation of a further modified embodiment of the invention; Fig. 8 one of the Fig. 7. Corresponding representation of a further modified embodiment of the invention.

[0054] The ventilation device 1;1' shown in two embodiments in the drawing is designed for attachment and / or installation on or in a passage opening 2;2' through a partition surface 3, preferably in the form of a partition wall, a door, or a housing. The ventilation device 1;1' can be installed in virtually any partition surface 3; that is, in principle, it does not matter what is located behind or in front of the partition surface 3.

[0055] In preferred cases, this will involve a fire-resistant partition 3 with fire-resistant features, intended to protect a part of a building from a fire in its vicinity, for example, because important rescue and / or supply facilities are located in the protected part of the building. Accordingly, the fire-resistant partition 3 could, for example, at least partially enclose a control cabinet to protect its contents from fire. Furthermore, it could also be a wall or a door to a chamber or shaft containing important equipment, or even a door leading to an escape route, such as a stairwell or similar.

[0056] In the following, it will be assumed that behind the separating surface 3 - in Fig. 1. To the left of the partition - protected equipment is housed, and this area will be referred to as the "interior" (e.g., a switch cabinet, a chamber, a shaft, or an escape route), while the area in front of the partition 3 - in Fig. 1 to the right of the dividing surface - hereinafter referred to as the "outer space".

[0057] In the following, one may imagine – without limiting the invention to this – that the separating surface 3, 3' is, for example, a front door of a control cabinet, from which the Fig. 1 an upper section and Fig. Figure 3 represents a lower section. Based on the arrows 4;4', which represent the airflow during normal operation, it can be seen that the airflow 4 – for example, from an electrically operated fan 5 in the area of ​​the upper ventilation device 1 – is directed from the interior to the outside, whereby – as a result of pressure equalization by the lower ventilation device 1' – an approximately equal airflow 4' is drawn into the interior.

[0058] It can also be seen that the separating surface 3 in the illustrated example consists of a total of three interconnected plates. The following discussion will refer to the illustrations according to the... Fig. 1 and Fig. The right-hand plate is designated as the front plate or outer plate 6 or 6', the middle plate as the core plate 7 or 7', and the left-hand plate as the rear or inner plate 8 or 8', because it faces the interior. However, it should be emphasized again that the definitions of "interior" and "exterior" are arbitrary, chosen to facilitate understanding of the terminology. In certain applications, the installation can be reversed, so that the outer plate 6, 6' would then face the respective interior, and the inner plate 8, 8' the respective exterior.

[0059] Preferably, the three plates 6-8 are adhesively bonded together.

[0060] All three plates 6-8 are completely penetrated by a passage opening 2;2' in the area of ​​each ventilation device 1;1', so that a passage from the interior to the exterior is created there in each case, as a comparison of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 shows.

[0061] The through-openings 2;2' through all three plates 6-8 preferably have a circular circumference, as shown by the Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.

[0062] As from the Fig. 1 and Fig. As can be clearly seen in Figure 3, the fan 5 has a flat shape with a mounting plate 28 of a rectangular, e.g., square, base, on which a short circular cylinder is arranged as a flow surface 29, which guides the airflow within the fan 5. An electric motor 30 is fixed in the center of this flow guide surface 29, the rotor of which is non-rotatably connected to an impeller 31. This impeller 31 rotates between the electric motor 30 in the center and the surrounding flow guide surface 29 as the periphery, and the blades, each inclined about a radial jet, move the ambient air in an axial direction of the fan 5, i.e., in the direction of the fan 5's axis of rotation.

[0063] In the area of ​​the corners 32 of the mounting plate 28 of the fan 5, a hole 33 is provided for inserting a mounting screw, so that the fan 5 can be screwed onto the flat side of the inner plate 8.

[0064] Various designs are conceivable for the electric motor 30.

[0065] Both an internal rotor motor with a conventional design, i.e., with an arrangement where the stator surrounds the rotor on the outside, and an external rotor motor, where the rotor is arranged radially outside the stator, are suitable.

[0066] The electric motor 30 can be a DC motor, for example a brushless or commutatorless DC motor, e.g. with permanent magnets on the rotor, preferably in the form of an internal rotor. Such an electric motor 30 can, for example, be designed for operation at a DC voltage of 24 V.

[0067] Alternatively, an AC motor, e.g., a shaded-pole motor, which can also be designed as an external rotor, can be used as the electric motor 30. Preferably, such an electric motor 30 is designed for operation on an AC voltage in the form of a mains voltage with an RMS amplitude of 230 V.

[0068] The mechanical mounting of the rotor on the stator of the electric motor 30 can be achieved, for example, by means of ball bearings, plain bearings or hydraulic bearings.

[0069] Normally, the electric motor 30 does not need to be designed for position control or speed control, but is simply connected to its designated nominal voltage when switched on.

[0070] The coils generating the magnetic field in the air gap of the electric motor 30 are typically arranged in the stator, thus eliminating the need for slip rings. The ends of the magnetic coils are led out as connecting wires to the base plate 28 or to the flow guide surface 29 of the fan 5 and are, for example, equipped with connectors for connection to a control and / or regulating device 34.

[0071] Fig. Figure 5 shows an example block diagram of the control and / or regulating device 34.

[0072] Here you can see several electrical or electronic assemblies, which are powered by a common voltage supply 35.

[0073] In the example shown, the connected fan 5 is equipped with a DC motor as an electric motor 30, which is designed, for example, for operation on a 24 V DC voltage.

[0074] In this case, all components of the control and / or regulating device 34 can also be designed for operation on a 24 V DC voltage, and then the power supply 35 is to be designed such that it provides a DC voltage of 24 V as the supply voltage at its output 36.

[0075] How to Fig. 5 further extract, two further components are switched on between the fan 5 and the power supply 35, namely a temperature sensor or switch 37 on the one hand and a smoke sensor or switch 38 on the other, which are both preferably connected in series.

[0076] As long as the measured values ​​of the two sensors or switches 37, 38 are below a set or predetermined threshold value, the two switches 37, 38 - or switches connected to the respective sensors, e.g. via comparators - are closed, and the supply voltage generated by the power supply 35 is in principle available to the fan 5.

[0077] However, fan 5 does not necessarily have to run. Rather, a thermostat could also be integrated into the fan assembly, which is located in Fig. 5 is not shown, but is connected upstream of the actual fan 5 or its electric motor 30.

[0078] Such a thermostat can, for example, be designed as a two-point controller. A temperature sensor measures the temperature on the same side of the partition 3;3' where the fan 5 and preferably also the control unit 34 are located. Two separate temperature thresholds are monitored by means of comparators integrated into the temperature sensor or coupled to its output. These are a lower and an upper temperature threshold, with a hysteresis range between them. A switch, for example in the form of a relay, is connected downstream of the comparators. This switch turns on or conducts above the upper threshold and turns off or disables below the lower threshold. However, in the hysteresis range between the two thresholds, the switch remains in its immediately previous set state.In other words, if the upper threshold is not met, the switch remains closed, and if the lower threshold is not met, the switch remains open. Thus, the [unclear] is [unclear]. Fig. 5. Thermostat not shown provides the functionality of a two-point controller with hysteresis.

[0079] If, on the other hand, one of the two in Fig. If the sensors or switches 37, 38 shown in the diagram provide an increased measured value that is beyond a switching threshold set or specified there, the respective switch 37, 38 is opened, and the fan 5 - possibly together with a thermostat upstream - is disconnected from the power supply 35.

[0080] At the same time, an alarm can be triggered and / or a message can be forwarded to a control center or operations center to indicate an impending or already broken-out fire.

[0081] Furthermore, it is provided that the relevant switch 37, 38 - i.e. the temperature switch 37 or the smoke switch 38 - does not close automatically, but only after a manual reset, which can be given, for example, by monitoring or operating personnel, possibly also in the form of acknowledging the relevant error message or the triggered alarm.

[0082] For this purpose, a reset module 39 can be used, for example, which is only available to, or can only be accessed or operated by, authorized personnel. This could be, for example, a reset button located on the inside 6;6' or a key switch that can only be operated by a specific key, which is only available to authorized personnel.

[0083] In Fig. Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a modified control and / or regulating device 34', which differs from the control and / or regulating device 34 according to Fig. 5 is distinguished solely by a further temperature switch 40. However, unlike the temperature switch 37, this is not located on the same side of the partition wall or surface 3;3' as the fan 5 or the control and / or regulating device 34', but on the opposite side. Thus, in the case of a room enclosed by the partition wall 3;3', the temperature is not monitored within this room, but rather the temperature outside this room, i.e., for example, in the rest of a building, in order to detect an "external" fire – i.e., one occurring outside the enclosed room – and to initiate appropriate countermeasures immediately.

[0084] From the Fig. 6 shows that the “external” temperature switch is connected in series with the “internal” temperature switch 37’ and the smoke switch 38’, and is therefore also able to completely shut off the power supply to the fan 5 if a temperature threshold typical for a fire is exceeded in the outside of an area enclosed by the partition wall or surface 3;3’.

[0085] This temperature switch 40 also cannot automatically return to the closed state once it has been activated, but must be reset by authorized personnel or the resulting message must be acknowledged.

[0086] While in the embodiments according to Fig. 5 and Fig. Since each fan 5 is used, whose electric motor 30 is designed for a DC voltage of, for example, 24 V, the block diagrams differ according to the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 In contrast, the fan 5 there is driven by an electric motor 30 designed for alternating current, e.g., the standard mains voltage of 230 V in Germany. This could be, for example, a shaded-pole motor, possibly also in the form of an external rotor motor.

[0087] If - as the invention further provides - the power supply 35";35 (3) still supplies an operating DC voltage of, for example, 24 V to power the smoke switch 38"; 38 (3) To operate, upstream of the fan 5 - in the examples shown, upstream of the respective "internal" temperature switch 37"; 37 (3) - one installation contactor 41; 41 each (3) to switch on in order to create the potential isolation between the 24 V DC voltage on the one hand and the 230 V mains voltage on the other.

[0088] At the installation contactor 41; 41 (3)Each is a relay with a 24 V DC control connection and a switched output circuit designed for a minimum mains voltage of 230 V.

[0089] Provided that one, several or all components of the control and / or regulating device 34;34';34";34 (3) or where this supporting base (each) has a device for fixing it to a mounting rail, in particular a top-hat mounting rail for low-voltage switchgear, the invention recommends mounting such a top-hat mounting rail on an inner plate 8; 8' of the partition 3; 3', in particular screwing it in place, and attaching all suitable components or parts to this top-hat mounting rail. For this purpose, it can be provided that the respective fastening device of a component is designed for quick mounting on a top-hat mounting rail, in particular for snapping onto a top-hat mounting rail.

[0090] As can further be seen from the drawing, a cold smoke barrier 25;25' can be provided in the area of ​​the inner plate 6;6'. Such a cold smoke barrier 25;25' comprises, for example, a flat frame 26 surrounding the passage opening 2;2' in the area of ​​the inner plate 6;6', and a flap 27;27' partially attached to a flat end face of the same. Preferably, this flap 27;27' is coupled to the control and / or regulating device 34 and can, for example, be actuated by it. An electromagnet can be used as the energy converter, which is electrically connected to the control and / or regulating device 34 and mechanically coupled to the flap 27;27' for its actuation. Preferably, this cold smoke barrier 25;25' should be self-closing, i.e., automatically switch to the closed mode when de-energized. This could, for example, be...This is effected by a spring which tends to close the flap 27;27' when de-energized. The electromagnet is then responsible for opening the flap 27;27' and keeping it open during a ventilation sequence.

[0091] If, as recommended by the invention, the electromagnet for the cold smoke shut-off device 25;25' and the electric motor 30 of the fan 5 are designed for the same nominal voltage, both can be connected in parallel and jointly controlled by the control and / or regulating device 34. This also applies, if applicable, to a second cold smoke shut-off device 25';25'; provided that it is, for example, identical in construction to the first cold smoke shut-off device 25;25', both can also be connected in parallel with each other, so that the cold smoke shut-off devices 25;25' of both passage openings 2;2' can be controlled or actuated by a single control and / or regulating device 34. In such a case, both the electric motor 30 and both cold smoke shut-off devices 25;25' could then all be connected in parallel with each other and jointly controlled.

[0092] If, on the other hand, the electromagnet for the cold smoke shut-off 25;25' and the electric motor 30 of the fan 5 are designed for the same rated current, both can be connected in series and also jointly controlled by the control and / or regulating device 34. Here too, a second cold smoke shut-off 25';25 in the area of ​​a second passage opening 2';2 – if this is identical in construction to the first cold smoke shut-off 25;25' – can be controlled or actuated by the same control and / or regulating device 34 when connected in series as the first cold smoke shut-off 25;25'. Then it would be possible to connect both the electric motor 30 and both cold smoke shut-offs 25;25' in series and control them jointly.

[0093] Furthermore, each ventilation device 1;1' can have an assembly 9;9' preferably inserted from the outside into the relevant passage opening 2;2' of the partition surface 3. This assembly consists of a preferably rectangular mounting plate 10, the base area of ​​which is larger than the clear area of ​​the passage opening 2;2' located below it, so that the relevant passage opening 2;2' is completely covered by the rectangular mounting plate 10. As the Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the mounting plate 10 is screwed to the underlying plate - generally the front or outer plate 6;6' - by means of several screws 11, preferably arranged in each corner, and thus fixed.

[0094] Preferably, the mounting plate 10 has a circular area 12 in its center, which preferably has approximately the same area as the through-opening 2;2'. This circular area can, for example, be completely open or covered with a filter or a coarser or finer mesh to protect against insects.

[0095] Furthermore, this assembly 9;9' can be provided on its outer or visible side with a cover, which may, for example, have downwardly and outwardly inclined louvers 13 to prevent splashing water of any kind from penetrating the passage opening 2;2'; in the latter case, the openings are limited to the approximately horizontally extending undersides of these inclined louvers 13, so that the (exhaust) airflow 4 in Fig. 1 is directed outwards and downwards, while the (supply) airflow 4' is in Fig. 3 runs inwards and upwards. Thanks to the louvers 13, it is impossible for people to accidentally reach into a fan 5 installed behind such a cover and possibly injure themselves.

[0096] On the rear side 14 facing the outer plate 6;6', a short pipe stub in the form of a circumferential skirt is preferably formed on the mounting plate 10, which is equal to or shorter than the thickness of the respective outer plate 6;6', and which is inserted into the relevant through-opening 2;2' as appropriately as possible in order to line it on its inside in the area of ​​the respective outer plate 6;6'.

[0097] A heat-shrinkable tube 15, which is also very short, preferably approximately equal to the thickness of the core plate 7 plus the thickness of the outer plate 6, can then be fitted over this short pipe stub. Preferably, the inner diameter of this heat-shrinkable tube 15 is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the pipe stub or even slightly smaller, so that the heat-shrinkable tube 15 is pushed onto the pipe stub, possibly with minimal elastic expansion, and is frictionally fixed there. However, the tube 15 protrudes slightly over the pipe stub, which is itself apron-shaped, with its inner end, thus forming a kind of extension of it.

[0098] The clear opening 2;2' can be slightly smaller in the inner plate 8 than in the core plate 7 and the outer plate 6, resulting in a stepped reduction between core plate 7 and inner plate 8. This ensures that the heat-shrinkable tube 15 does not extend into the inner plate 8, but ends before it. This cannot be otherwise, at least not if the heat-shrinkable tube 15 is fully inserted into the pipe fitting and then attached to it, for example, by means of an adhesive.

[0099] In addition to the passage opening 2;2', the core plate 7 also has a flat extension extending vertically upwards from the passage opening 2;2' there, serving as a guide cavity 16 for receiving a flat, plate-shaped drop bulkhead 17;17'.

[0100] As in the Fig. 2 and Fig. As indicated by a dashed line, the guide cavity 16 for the drop bulkhead 17 has two preferably parallel, vertical side edges 18, which are connected at their upper and lower ends by an upper and lower semicircular line 19, 20 respectively. The clear distance between the two side edges 18, as well as the diameter of the semicircular lines 19, 20, is each slightly larger than the clear diameter of the respective passage opening 2;2'.

[0101] As the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 further reveals that the planar extension 16 has a thickness that is slightly smaller than the thickness of the core plate 7.

[0102] Therefore, a drop bulkhead 17 with a circular circumference 21 can be placed in the guide cavity 16, which is located in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is drawn in its upper position and in the Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 is recognizable by a dashed circular outline.

[0103] How to get the Fig. 2 and Fig. As can be seen from Figure 4, the overall height of the guide cavity 16 is greater than twice the diameter of the through-hole 2;2' in the outer plate 8, and the maximum or overall width of the guide cavity 16 is greater than the single diameter of the through-hole 2;2' in the outer plate 8. Therefore, the plate-shaped drop bulkhead 17 accommodated in the guide cavity 16 can have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the through-hole 2;2' in the outer plate 8, but smaller than the maximum or overall width of the guide cavity 16.

[0104] In the Fig. 2 and Fig.4 can also be seen that the plate-shaped drop bulkhead 17, when open, is located completely above the heat-shrinkable tube 15 in the guide cavity 16 and rests on it and is supported by it.

[0105] In the event of a fire, the temperature in the guide cavity 16 rises to high values, causing the heat-shrinkable tube 15 to shrink. While radial shrinkage is prevented in the area of ​​the pipe stub, it nevertheless shortens in length. Since the heat-shrinkable tube 15 is only fixed at the end adjacent to the mounting plate 10, its axial shortening due to the aforementioned shrinkage causes its free end to retract completely from the area of ​​the step between the core plate 7 and the inner plate 6 into the outer plate 8. As a result, the drop-down bulkhead 17 loses its support and falls to its lowest position, where it rests on the lower, semicircular boundary line 20 and is thus located directly in front of the passage opening 2;2', closing it off.

[0106] The drop bulkhead 17 itself preferably also consists of three layers: An inner core plate 22 should have as much weight as possible so that the drop bulkhead 17 reliably falls when the heat shrinkable tube 15 shrinks.

[0107] A layer of an intumescent coating 23 can be applied to the outer surface of the drop-gate core plate 22 facing the outer plate 8, for example, adhesively attached. After the drop-gate 17 falls, this intumescent coating 23 is also exposed to heat from the outside and therefore swells or foams up, sealing the circumferential gap between the drop-gate 17 and the guide cavity 16.

[0108] On the inner side of the drop-gate core plate 22, facing away from the outer plate 8, a chipboard plate 24 should be applied – as a counterpart to the intumescent layer 23 – for example, adhesively attached, which is responsible for keeping the drop-gate 17 as flat as possible even under one-sided temperature influence, so that it does not jam before it has completely fallen down, and in addition the chipboard plate 24 can ensure that the total thickness of the drop-gate 17 is only slightly less than the total thickness of the guide cavity 16, so that the intumescent layer 23 seals the drop-gate 17 tightly against the guide cavity 16 even with moderate foaming or swelling. Reference symbol list 1 ventilation system 2. Through opening 3 Separation surface 4 Airflow 5 fans 6 Outer plate 7 Core plate 8 inner plate 9 Assembly 10 Mounting plate 11 screw 12 area 13 lamella 14 Back 15 Heat shrink tubing 16 Guide cavity 17 Drop bulkhead 18 side edge 19 upper semicircular line 20 lower semicircular line 21 circular outline 22 internal core plate 23 Intumescent layer formers 24 chipboard 25 Cold smoke barrier 26 frames 27 flap 28 Mounting plate 29 Flow guide surface 30 electric motor 31 impeller 32 Corner 33 bore 34 Control / regulating device 35 Power supply 36 Exit 37 temperature switches 38 smoke switches 39 Reset module 40 temperature switches 41 Installation contactor QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 20 2018 005 118 U1

[0006]

Claims

[1] Ventilation device (1) for attachment and / or installation on / in a passage opening (2) through a partition surface (3) in the form of a partition wall, a door or a housing, with a fan (4) arranged in the area of ​​the passage opening (2) and preferably with a cold smoke barrier and / or with a drop-down bulkhead (17) in order to be able to close the passage opening (2) through the partition surface (3) in the event of smoke development and / or a fire, characterized by a control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ), which switches on the fan (5) when required and switches it off when not needed and / or in a dangerous situation, e.g. in the event of smoke development and / or in the event of a fire. [2] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3)) is located on the same side of the partition surface (3) as the fan (5), and / or is not separated from the fan (5) by the partition surface (3). [3] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) has a thermostat in the form of a temperature controller or switch, preferably which switches the fan (5) on above a higher temperature limit and off below a lower temperature limit. [4] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 3, characterized by , that the thermostat has a temperature sensor which is located on the same side of the separating surface (3) as the fan (5), and / or is not separated from the fan (5) by the separating surface (3). [5] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3)) a temperature sensor (37;37';37";37 (3) ) for the detection of a fire on this side, i.e., a fire on the same side of the partition surface (3) where the fan (5) is also located. [6] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 5, characterized by , that the temperature sensor (37;37';37";37 (3) ) is designed as a temperature switch to detect a fire on this side and switches off the fan (5) when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. [7] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by , that the temperature sensor (37;37';37";37 (3) ) to detect a fire on this side after a shutdown has been triggered, it can only be switched on again by a preferably manual reset. [8] Ventilation device (1) according to claims 5 to 7, characterized by , that the temperature sensor (37;37';37";37 (3)) is integrated with the thermostat's temperature sensor for detecting a fire on this side. [9] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) a smoke detector (38;38';38";38 (3) ) for detecting smoke development. [10] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 9, characterized by , that the smoke detector (38;38';38";38 (3) ) for the detection of smoke development is arranged on the same side of the partition surface (3) as the fan (5), and / or is not separated from the fan (5) by the partition surface (3). [11] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by , that the smoke detector (38;38';38";38 (3) ) is designed to detect smoke development as a smoke switch and switches off the fan (5) when a predetermined smoke concentration is exceeded. [12] Ventilation device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by , that the smoke detector (38;38';38";38 (3) ) to detect smoke development after a shutdown has been triggered, it can only be switched on again by a preferably manual reset. [13] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) a temperature sensor (40;40 (3) ) for detecting a fire on the other side, which is located on the other side of the partition surface (3) than the fan (5), and / or is separated from the fan (5) by the partition surface (3). [14] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 13, characterized by , that the temperature sensor (40;40 (3) ) is designed as a temperature switch for detecting a fire in the afterlife and switches off the fan (5) when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. [15] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by , that the temperature sensor (40;40 (3) ) to detect a fire in the afterlife after a shutdown has been triggered, it can only be switched back on by a preferably manual reset. [16] Ventilation device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) with the temperature sensor (40;40 (3) ) for the detection of a fire in the afterlife, which is connected via a cable or radio. [17] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) with a power supply (35;35';35";35 (3) ) is coupled. [18] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 17, characterized by , that the power supply (35;35';35";35 (3)) is designed as an uninterruptible power supply. [19] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by , that the power supply (35;35';35";35 (3) ) at its exit (36;36';36";36 (3) ) provides mains or low voltage. [20] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) an installation contactor (41;41 (3) ) which can be controlled by a low voltage and switches a mains voltage to a consumer at its output, in particular for the operation of the fan (5). [21] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the fan (5) is driven by an electric motor (30) which is designed as a DC motor, AC motor or three-phase motor. [22] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the fan (5) is arranged behind a cover (10). [23] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 22, characterized by , that a filter is arranged in the area of ​​the cover (10) of the fan (5). [24] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a cold smoke barrier (25;25') is arranged in a common alignment with the fan (5). [25] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 24, characterized by , that the cold smoke shut-off (25;25') is designed to be self-closing. [26] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 24 or 25, characterized by , that the cold smoke shut-off (25;25') is designed as a flap (27;27') which is preferably coupled with an electromagnet for opening or closing. [27] Ventilation device (1) according to claims 24 to 26, characterized by, that the cold smoke shut-off (25;25') is connected in parallel with the fan (5). [28] Ventilation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the partition surface (3) in addition to the through opening (2) equipped with a fan (5) a further through opening (2') is provided, so that a constant circulation of cooling air is enabled. [29] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 28, characterized by , that no actively driven fan (5) is provided in the area of ​​the further passage opening (2'). [30] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 28 or 29, characterized by , that in the area of ​​the further passage opening (2') a separate cold smoke shut-off (25;25') is provided, which is preferably also controlled by the control and / or regulating device (34;34';34";34 (3) ) is opened and closed. [31] Ventilation device (1) according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized by, that a separate drop bulkhead (17') is provided in the area of ​​the further passage opening (2'). [32] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the drop bulkhead (17;17') is located above the passage opening (2) in the unactivated state. [33] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the drop bulkhead (17;17') is held and / or released without auxiliary energy. [34] Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the drop bulkhead (17;17') is guided within the separating surface (3). [35] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 34, characterized by , that the drop bulkhead (17;17') is guided within a planar cavity (16) within the separating surface (3). [36] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 35, characterized by, that the guide cavity (16) for the drop bulkhead (17;17') is not accessible from the outside without removing the ventilation device (1). [37] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 35 or 36, characterized by , that the guide cavity (16) for the drop bulkhead (17;17') extends upwards from the through-opening (2). [38] Ventilation device (1) according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized by , that the drop bulkhead (17;17') is held back from falling in the unactivated state by a retaining part projecting into the guide cavity (16). [39] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 38, characterized by that the holding part is made of a material which changes or loses its structure or shape when heated. [40] Ventilation device (1) according to claim 38 or 39, characterized by , that the retaining part is formed to surround the passage recess (2) on its edge. [41] Ventilation device (1) according to one of claims 38 to 40, characterized by , that the retaining part is designed as a heat-shrinkable tube (15) surrounding the through-hole (2).

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