Straw slat, floor or manure cellar with such, device for carrying out a method for keeping livestock

Abstract

Straw slat (20, 20', 20''), in particular designed as a floor element of a stable or an exercise area for livestock, wherein the straw slat (20, 20', 20'') has a liquid-permeable straw side (21, 21', 21'') and a lower support side (22, 22', 22'') arranged underneath, characterized in that the straw side (21, 21', 21'') has means (25, 25', 25'') for draining liquid, which means are arranged in the valley of funnel-, trough-, ramp- or trough-shaped liquid collection structures (23, 23', 23'').

Description

The present invention relates to a straw column, for example designed as a floor element of a stable or of a discharge area for cattle, a floor or a manure celler for a stable or a discharge area for cattle with or from at least one such straw column, and a device for carrying out a method for keeping cattle in a deep-litter stable, in a discharge area or on a reclining surface.Prior ArtA floor for a deep litter stable or a reclining surface for livestock is known, for example, from EP 2 260 696 A1.There is still a need for improvement in livestock keeping, since more and more attention is paid to animal habit and sustainability. Thus, EP 3 544 412 B1 requires that a cover surface element is formed at least on its upper side elastically or from an elastic material in order to bring about a good standing and the required damping effect for the horse. Known stable floor systems are often of complicated design and sometimes not manufactured with sufficient durability.SUMMARY AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTIONThe invention thus relates to a floor element according to the preamble of claim 1, a floor according to the preamble of claim 10 and a device according to claim 12.The object is achieved by the subject matter of the main claims, comprising the features of the respective characterizing part.Advantageous further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.The straw gaps, in particular when embodied as a floor module element, are of comparatively low construction, so that existing deep-moving blades can be retrofitted therewith.Furthermore, the straw column according to the invention, in particular when embodied as a floor module element, can be used flexibly and can be prefabricated and, if necessary, be shortened on site.Preferably, the straw column according to the invention, in particular when embodied as a floor module element, is designed with regard to its load-bearing capacity such that it can be traveled on by agricultural machines.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the floor opening is provided on its side facing the upper region with a screen, a body window, a cover with a plurality of holes or another insert, in particular a removable insert.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the upper side of the upper region is provided with a corrugation. This reduces the slippage of the litter and leads to a more rapid and targeted draining of urine.A bottom element designed as a straw gap has one or more liquid collecting structures which are designed in the form of a funnel, ramp, trough, ramp or trough. They preferably have an inclination in a range from 3 to 7 degrees, in particular 5 degrees, with respect to the horizontal.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the straw column is designed as a floor module element with a length of 1.20 m and a width of 0.80 m, i.e. corresponding to the dimensions of a Europallet. The floor module element has a height which is preferably in a range of 0.10 m to 0.25 m, in particular 0.15 m.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the floor module element has laterally encircling edge surfaces which taper at least partially in the direction from the upper region to the lower region and / or are at least partially beveled at an angle of preferably 1 to 3 degrees.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least some and preferably all outer edges of the floor module element are beveled.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the floor module elements are laid in a floating manner.In an advantageous embodiment of the method to be carried out by the device according to the invention, provision is made for Kot to be collected at regular intervals, preferably twice a day.In a further advantageous embodiment of the method to be carried out by the device according to the invention, the complete litter is renewed at a distance of three months or more.In a further advantageous embodiment of the method to be carried out by the device according to the invention, cleaning of the soil is preferably provided by means of a high-pressure cleaner between the clearing and the new scattering. First, the straw gaps are cleaned on the surface in order to be able to remove any sheet metal inserts more easily. The depth of the respective inlet then becomes accessible and can be completely viewed and, if necessary, also achieved with a hand tool.In a further advantageous embodiment of the method to be carried out by the device according to the invention, it is provided that a litter with a low "zero" content is used, preferably exclusively a natural renewable raw material comprising a large amount of fiber material as litter such as straw or straw with a particularly high long-fiber content.The connection of an open-pored base with an organic covering layer interspersed on it allows the liquid phase of the excretion of the animals to be separated from the solid phase sufficiently quickly to generate advantages for the animals. In one embodiment, the liquid phase is discharged and discharged downward via the open-pore base and the optionally further means for discharging liquid. The solid constituent of the waste remains on the litter and can be collected manually or mechanically. Thus, there are hardly any softenings of the litter. Furthermore, the infiltration of solids can be reduced or avoided, so that blockages of entire surface areas are reduced or avoided.Overall, the straw column or the floor according to the invention reduces emissions by separating fecal matter and urine. The use of litter is reduced compared to conventional deep litter levels and animal comfort is increased by litter remaining dry or dry for a longer time.The litter serves as an exceptionally long sufficiently dry tread for the animals. This improves the well-being of the animals and promotes the natural movement behavior. Convenient depositing and proper walking are possible as on pasture.By discharging the liquid phase, scattering is saved and, in parallel, hygiene is improved. It is important to remove the solid phase lying on the litter at regular intervals.This is promoted by abrasion surfaces or tracks preferably arranged between run-off surfaces. The scraping surface portions are preferably arranged in a net-like manner, surrounding the run-off surface portions. The scraping surface portions particularly preferably merge into one another in such a way that they allow seamless sliding of attachments of conventional work vehicles. The straw side of advantageous embodiments is assigned to more than half the area of the discharge surface, in particular to approximately 60%.The litter is prevented from becoming tacky and wet. This would limit the water permeability of the litter and a higher use of litter would be necessary. The cleaning of the litter can be effected manually by a mist fork or by cleaning machines. At certain intervals it will be necessary to renew the complete litter. Due to the drainage soil, as might also be termed the straw gaps, and the cleaning of the solid phase, the intervals are, however, significantly greater over time compared to conventional deep-spreading beds.The emissions which play an ever greater role in new stables can be decisively improved with the floor element or floor according to the invention. This is achieved because enzymes and bacteria of the solid phase of the precipitate do not substantially come into contact with the liquid fraction or remain in contact only briefly. The urease is thus largely suppressed and outgassing of ammonia and carbon dioxide is effectively prevented.The straw column can be manufactured as a finished part or module in a factory and introduced into the stall system. This results in advantages in the design possibility and in the quality of the straw gaps or of the floor elements according to the invention.Brief Description of the FiguresFIG. 1 shows a side view of a long side of a first exemplary embodiment of a straw column which is rectangular in this case.FIG. 2 shows a side view of a short side of the straw column from FIG. 1 ; a top view is shown in FIG. 4.FIG. 3 shows a section through a liquid collecting structure of the straw gaps from FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, as it is entered in FIG. 4.FIG. 4 shows the above-mentioned top view of the straw column from FIGS. 1 to 5 embodied as a floor module element. Finally, FIG. 5 also shows the straw column from FIGS. 1 to 4, this time in a perspective view obliquely from above.FIG. 6 shows a top view of a further exemplary embodiment of a straw column designed according to the invention.FIG. 7 shows a section through the straw gaps according to FIG. 6, as it is entered in FIG. 6.FIGS. 8 and 9 show a perforated plate that can be inserted into the liquid collecting structures, as a means for discharging liquid into channels arranged underneath.FIGS. 10 and 11 show a schematic diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of a straw column according to the invention. A further element is inserted into a vertical channel below an upper means for draining liquid. FIG. 12 shows the straw gaps according to the second exemplary embodiment in the installed state above an advantageously manufactured slurry cellar.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTIONFIGS. 1 to 5 show a straw column 20 as a floor element for a deep litter shed, with a straw side 21 at the top and a support surface 22 at the bottom. In the explained first exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5, it is assumed that the reason for the straw gaps being laid on impact is at least roughly horizontally levelled out and flat. This can be an existing stable floor, optionally with a certain gradient for better discharge of urine from the animals held thereon.In the case of a slurry cellar as the ground, the second exemplary embodiment described further below with reference to the further FIGS. 6 to 9 and 12 is incorporated in more detail. The third exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11 also starts from a different type of substructure and is not based on the realization of the invention in a floor element.The straw column 20 according to FIGS. 1 to 5, which is designed as a compact bottom element, has liquid collecting structures 23 on the straw side 21. Between the collecting structures 23 runs an area network which can be considered as a scraping area 21.S overall. When removing the stable floor by means of machines or also when drying by hand, contact with the ground can be found again at many locations in order to be able to guide the tools well without damage to the stable floor occurring. Outlet surfaces 23.A, 23.B are designed slightly sloping towards a collecting base 27 which is central for each liquid collecting structure 23. The slopes are optimal in that the above mentioned clearing with contact to the scraping surface 21.S reliably frees the liquid collecting structures from substrate even if the substrate has become relatively moist after some time. For this purpose, it is particularly preferred to run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the straw gaps, where the substrate has to pass the less strong slopes.On the support side 22, two parallel recesses 29 extend in the longitudinal direction of the straw gaps 20 in a width corresponding to the usual fork teeth of a stacker. They are at the same time drainage channels for the case of laying on a concrete floor. For this purpose, they run exactly below the bottom openings 24 formed between the collecting bottom 27 and the recess 29, particularly well recognizable in section A-A of FIG. 3. The bottom opening 24 is advantageously designed to taper downward to avoid only risks of blockage that are to be expected in the exceptional case. From a manufacturing point of view, it is advantageous in the concrete gosse that a forming away from the support side 22 is possible in a process-safe manner. Edge surfaces 26 on the sides of the straw gaps 20 are also designed to taper / taper obliquely downward, as indicated in FIG. 3 by dashed lines.In the case of the first exemplary embodiment, the floor element 20 is a prefabricated floor module element with a size of, for example, 0.80 m x 1.20 m and with a thickness of, for example, 0.10 m to 0.20 m. By means of a planar arrangement of a plurality of such floor module elements, the floor of a stable or of an outflow region for cattle is formed. The liquid collecting structures 25, 25', 25" can, however, also be part of a one-piece base which has been cast on site, for example, in a comparable manner to the production of screed. Thus, in the third exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, it is left open how exactly the environment is designed. There, it is likewise not fixed how the substructure is constructed. A line is shown downward as the bottom opening 24" in FIGS. 10 and 11, which line is advantageously additionally secured against blockages by a fall protection 30" preventing the penetration of coarser objects into the deeper bottom opening 24". Thus, a connection to a conventional line network laid and optionally cast in the ground is made possible.According to the invention, the straw gaps 20, 20', 20" are constructed such that the liquid phase filtered out or sieved out can flow down through bottom openings 24, 24', 24". For this purpose, the respective collecting structure 23, 23', 23" has a gradient toward a means for discharging liquid, namely as far as possible only the liquid phase, for example into a collecting container, preferably into a liquid cellar advantageously constructed according to FIG. 12. It is of particularly low and cost-effective construction because foil 44' is laid between strip and / or point foundations 40' concreted on a manure floor 42' in order to avoid contamination of the soil.In the method for keeping cattle on such straw gaps 20, 20', 20", it should be noted that the scattering layer is not chosen to be too high, since otherwise a rapid burning of the liquid phase is hindered.Different combinations are shown as means for discharging liquid 25, 25', 25" in the three exemplary embodiments shown.In FIGS. 1 to 5, as such means 25, on a collecting floor 27 running rectangularly longitudinally flat, above three floor openings 24 leading away downward, vehicle body panels are each located in corresponding depressions, which prevent a clearance when moving down substrate. In the second embodiment of FIGS. 6 to 9 and 12, a screen 10' forms the collecting floor 27'.Preferably, the screen 10' is a edged perforated plate having a perforation 14' which functions particularly well with respect to the currently used substrate. According to FIG. 8, the screen 10'_ is bent only on the two short sides in order to be held on a shoulder 28.K' by a fastening element 16' in a receptacle 28' (FIG. 7). On the longitudinal sides, the perforated plate rests with a respective bearing edge 18' in the valley of the liquid collecting structure 23'. Its filter cake side 12' is usually free enough and easily accessible after clearing. Removal is unproblematic in order to be able to inspect well the bottom opening 24' visible broadly underneath. The fastening element 16' is in the present case a kind of simplest collar 11', which can be configured by means of a further folding or further complication in order to be able to be fastened with a securing shoulder, if appropriate against the accidental falling into the gullar or the gutter.The bottom opening 24, 24', 24" is preferably provided on the filter cake side 12, 12', 12" with a screen 10', a body window, a cover with a plurality of holes or another, in particular removable insert, which can be inserted, pressed in, screwed in or glued in. Such an insert has the advantage that the liquid discharge via the bottom opening 24, 24', 24" can be adapted to different litters, so that the straw gaps 20, 20', 20" according to the invention can be used flexibly.The liquid collecting structures 23, 23', 23" are preferably designed as ramps inclined towards a collecting base 27, 27' at an angle of, for example, 3 to 7 degrees.The base module element preferably has laterally encircling edge surfaces 26 which taper at least partially downwards or are at least partially bevelled at an angle of preferably 1 to 3 degrees. This is advantageous when installing and manufacturing the floor elements 20, since they can be removed from the mold more easily after production by means of casting and become less easily wedged during installation.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least some and preferably all outer edges of the floor module element are beveled. This reduces the risk of injury during installation and in the installed state and also facilitates installation.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the floor module elements are floatingly laid and thus form the stable floor.The straw column 20' of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 and 12 is constructed as a cantilevered element which, in contrast to the modular element from FIGS. 1 to 5, requires an underdraft as a support. This results in larger stable floor surfaces with the top side characteristic shown here by way of example.The straw gaps according to FIGS. 1 to 5 are preferably installed on a concrete floor that is as flat as possible. For the larger embodiment according to FIGS. 6, 7 and 12, installations on underspasss 40' are preferably provided. This produces a type of gull basement, as is also customary in bovine posture. The advantage here is that the basement requires only a small depth, since it has to discharge exclusively the urine. The basement is preferably made of concrete or also of plastic tarpaulins and / or foils. Especially in the case of the base made of plastic, construction costs are reduced. Resources are saved. The urine can drain more quickly. Between the strip foundations, according to a preferred embodiment, not shown, a ballast bed with corresponding trap to point runs is worked out. The film is pulled over the entire width of the stable, i.e. also over the strip foundations. In order to avoid injuries to the film, the strip foundations are made with edge protectors. The film is fastened circumferentially by means of profiles on a concrete edge on the outer edge of the stable. This results in a dense trough. A point sequence is installed at several locations in the stable.This transition between the film and the outflow is produced in situ.The point sequences are bundled by means of pipelines and correspondingly discharged. By forming the trap by means of a film and ballast bed, large slopes can be designed so that no urine is present in the basement. Preferably, an underground vent is installed to prevent further emissions. The exhaust air could then be filtered in a targeted manner.List of reference characters10' Screen 11, 11' collar 12' filter cake side 14' perforation 16' fastening element 18' support edge 20, 20', 20" straw gaps 21, 21', 21" straw side 21.S, 21.S' abrasion surface 22, 22', 22" support side 23, 23', 23" liquid collecting structure 23.A, 23.A' outlet surface, along 23.B, 23.B' outlet surface, transversely 24, 24', 24" bottom opening 25, 25', 25" means for discharging liquid 26, 26' edge surface 27, 27' collecting bottom 28' receptacle 28.K' shoulder 29 recess 30'' fall protectionReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedEP 2 260 696 A1

[0002] EP 3 544 412 B1

[0003]

Claims

A straw column (20, 20', 20"), in particular formed as a base element of a stable or of a discharge area for cattle, wherein the straw column (20, 20', 20") has a liquid-permeable straw side (21, 21', 21") and a lower support side (22, 22', 22") arranged underneath it, characterized in that the straw side (21, 21', 21") has means (25, 25', 25") for discharging liquid, which are arranged in the trough-shaped, trough-shaped, ramp-shaped or trough-shaped liquid collecting structures (23, 23', 23").Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to claim 1, characterised in that it is manufactured in a concrete casting process as a floor element which can be traveled on by agricultural machines and into which the means (25, 25', 25") for discharging liquid can be reversibly inserted, preferably from above, particularly preferably into suitably recessed floor openings (24).Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that below the means (25, 25', 25") for discharging liquid there are arranged channels (29) which are connected to the means (25, 25', 25") so as to conduct liquid directly or indirectly.Straw gap (20, 20', 20") according to claim 3, characterised in that the grooves (29) are recessed in a solid concrete floor element as downwardly open wide grooves at least open towards a narrow side.Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the straw side (21) consists at least of a run-off surface (23.A) and a flat scraping surface (21.S), wherein the scraping surface portions are arranged in a net-like manner, surrounding the run-off surface portions.Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to claim 5, characterised in that the scraping surface portions merge into one another in such a way that they allow seamless sliding of attachments of conventional working vehicles, preferably forming straight longitudinal guide surfaces.Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to one of the preceding claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the straw side (21) is assigned to more than half the area of the outlet surface (23.A), in particular to approximately 60%.The straw column (20, 20', 20") according to one of the preceding claims 5 or 7, characterized in that the proportion of the scraping surface (21.S) on the straw side (21) is about 40%.Straw column (20, 20', 20") according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid collecting structures (23), preferably corresponding to the outlet surfaces of claims 5 to 8, are designed with approximately 5° to 20° gradient, preferably with approximately 8° on longitudinal sides (23.A) and 15° gradient on short sides (23.B).Floor of a stable or of a discharge area for cattle, characterized in that the floor has at least one straw column (20, 20', 20") according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 9.Floor according to claim 10, characterised in that the straw gaps (20, 20', 20") are laid flush and flush as floor module elements, in particular by means of connecting elements or connecting structures.Device for carrying out a method for keeping cattle in a deep litter stable, in a discharge area or on a reclining surface, wherein the cattle are held on a floor according to claim 10 or 11.Device for carrying out a method according to claim 12, characterised in that the soil is sprinkled with an organic water-permeable material so as to completely cover the soil, after which a liquid phase with waste of the livestock is discharged and discharged downwards through the soil and a solid phase with litter and waste of the livestock is collected superficially or scraped overall as a mat.A slurryer having a straw column according to one of claims 1 to 9 mounted above it on stripe and / or point foundations.

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