Magnetenergie-Unipolarmotor

Abstract

Magnetic energy unipolar motor characterized in that a) a plurality (at least 1) of U-cores, made of electrical sheet or similar, are grouped with their base yoke (1c) in a star shape around a drive shaft (2) and attached to a bearing plate (3), b) all outer limbs (1b) of all U-cores are connected by a common ring body (5) which can absorb the individual magnetic fluxes of all outer limbs in order to feed them to a first air gap (6b) or, in the opposite direction, distribute the incoming flux to the individual outer limbs, c) all inner limbs (1a) of all U-cores are connected by a common ring body (8) which can absorb the individual magnetic fluxes of all inner limbs in order to feed them to a second air gap (6a) or, in the opposite direction, distribute the incoming flux to the individual inner limbs, d) between the first air gap (6b) and the second air gap (6a) the actual rotor (7) is arranged as a ring rotor, which transfers the magnetic flux from the ring body (5) to the ring body (8) or vice versa from the ring body (8) to the ring body (5), e) an electric coil (4), designed as a toroidal coil, is provided, which encloses all inner limbs (1a) of the U-cores (1) together and thereby ensures that the same magnetic flux is generated in all cores, f) all surfaces of the ring body (5), the ring body (8), and the ring rotor (7) facing the air gaps (6b) and (6a) each have a sawtooth profile with concave or convex ramps, with all surfaces facing outwards of the machine having convex tooth ramps and all surfaces facing towards the centre of the machine having concave tooth ramps, g) depending on the desired direction of rotation of the machine, the radii (R1) and (R2) relating to the outer air gap (6b) have their starting point at a distance (x) from the left or right side of the machine center (0), and the radii (R3) and (R4) relating to the inner air gap (6a) have their starting point at a distance (x) from the other or opposite side of the machine center (0), whereby all radii can also be considered as tangents to the inner circular line with radius (x), h) the number of teeth (pole pitches) on the ring body (5) and (8) is virtually arbitrary, whereby the teeth (pole pitches) of both elements should ideally be in the same radial alignment, i.e. their number should be the same, i) the number of teeth (pole pitches) on the ring rotor (7) advantageously differs significantly from the number of teeth on the ring body (5) and (8), whereby here too the outer teeth and inner teeth should be in the same radial alignment, i.e. their number should be the same, j) any combination of all pole pitches is possible and permissible, ie each of the four surfaces facing the air gaps can have its own number of teeth or pole pitch, k) there is a rotor disc (9) to which the rotor ring (7) is attached and which is itself rigidly connected to the drive shaft (2), I) in only one of the two air gaps (6a) or (6b) there are poles or sawtooth structures on the adjacent surfaces of ring bodies (5) or (8) and rotor ring (7), which contribute to a torque, wherein the other air gap itself is continuously minimized, similar to (6c) or (6d).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a unipolar motor based on the patent application with ref.:10 2025 002 324.3.

[0002] The object of the invention is to show how to build a magnetic energy unipolar machine using known components (electrical steel sheets), avoiding the disadvantages of high axial forces that are to be expected with the design presented in the above-mentioned application. The design should also ensure as far as possible that no magnetic remanence occurs that could cause the machine to start up accidentally. The use of solid iron materials has therefore been deliberately avoided here. Since the unipolar machine according to the invention is advantageously operated with direct current, the iron losses are very low. Likewise, the copper losses are significantly reduced compared to the bipolar solution presented in the above-mentioned application due to the relatively large air gaps. Since the invention can make consistent use of electrical steel sheets, the use of alternating current is theoretically also possible.Iron losses then logically increase, and one must expect relatively high inductance values. The use of solid electrical steel in certain locations is conceivable.

[0003] The problems are solved by the features listed in claims 1-2.

[0004] Description of the machine in detail according to Fig. 1: Any number of U-cores (1) are each fastened with their base yoke (1c) in a star shape around a drive shaft (2) on, for example, the A-side bearing plate (3), with (1a) representing the inner legs and (1b) the outer legs of the U-cores (1).

[0005] The excitation winding (4) encloses the inner limbs (1a) of all U-shaped cores (1). This ensures that all cores are excited in the same direction when a current flows through the winding (4). This is indicated by arrows.

[0006] At the outermost end of all outer legs (1b), on the B-side of the machine, a common ring body (5) (flux collector) made of electrical sheet is arranged, which ensures that the individual fluxes of the outer legs (1b) can be combined and fed to the outer air gap (6b).

[0007] At the outermost end of all inner legs (1a), a common annular body (8) (flux collector) made of electrical steel is also arranged, which ensures that the individual fluxes of the inner legs (1a) are combined and fed to the inner air gap (6a). Both flux collectors (annular bodies 5+8) have a sawtooth-like contour on their surface facing the air gaps (6a, 6b), with the inner contour of annular body (5) having concave tooth ramps and the "outer contour" of annular body (8) having a convex tooth ramp. The "teeth" or ramps of both annular bodies (5+8) are located exactly opposite each other and each have a different ramp length (pole pitch) corresponding to the circumference. See Fig. 2. This figure shows an axial view of a “tooth pitch” of rotor 7 and the stator rings (5+8).

[0008] Between the two flux collectors or ring bodies (5+8) there is a relatively large gap in which the actual ring rotor (7) made of electrical steel sheet is arranged. This rotor ring is separated from the outer ring body (5) by the outer air gap (6b) and from the inner ring body (8) by the inner air gap (6a).

[0009] The rotor (7) thus has a ring-shaped structure and is rigidly connected to the drive shaft (2) by means of a disk (9). Matching the sawtooth structures of the two ring bodies (5 and 8), the two surfaces of the ring rotor (7) facing the air gaps (6a, 6b) are also provided with a sawtooth structure.

[0010] The tooth ramps of the ring rotor facing the outer air gap (6b) are convex, and the tooth ramps of the ring rotor facing the inner air gap (6a) are concave. The "teeth" or ramps of both surfaces of the rotor ring (7) facing the air gaps are located exactly opposite each other and each have a different ramp length corresponding to the circumference. The average distance between the "teeth" (pole pitch) of the ring rotor (7) should ideally differ from the average distance between the teeth (pole pitch) of the ring bodies (5+8) in order to achieve the most uniform torque possible.

[0011] The flux generated by the excitation coil (4) flows via the inner legs (1a), the yokes (1c), outer legs (1b), ring body (5), air gap (6b), ring rotor (7), air gap (6a), ring body (8) and back to the inner legs.

[0012] The special "sawtooth" design of the surfaces of the ring rotor and the ring body adjacent to the air gaps ensures that the magnetic forces cannot act radially. The starting points of the radii of the concave or convex tooth ramps are located either to the right or left of the machine center, each as tangent points on a circular line with radius (x) around the machine center (0). The length of the radii is the shortest distance between the affected tangent point and the respective center of each tooth ramp. This distance (x), together with the "tooth width", determines the tooth height (y). At a distance x = 0 there is no tooth, and the machine cannot generate any torque. If the distance chosen for x is too large, the tooth height y can become very large. A large tooth height y means a large total air gap. This in turn requires a large AW number for the excitation.So there's a lot to optimize here. To keep the tooth height from becoming too high, using a high number of teeth while maintaining a relatively large radius (x) is advantageous for achieving high torques.

[0013] A design drawing of the “teeth” of the rotor and stator elements is shown on Fig. 2. The surfaces facing the outer air gap (6b) have radii R1 and R2. The difference R1 - R2 determines the average air gap width, with (6c) representing the smallest air gap. These radii originate at a point on the circular line with radius (x) from the absolute center of the machine (0). The straight line from this point to the center of each gear ramp is also a tangent to the inner circular line with radius (x).

[0014] The surfaces facing the inner air gap (6a) have radii R3 and R4. The difference R3 - R4 determines the average air gap width (6a), where (6d) represents the smallest air gap. These radii originate at a point on the circular line with radius (x) from the absolute center of the machine (0). The straight line from this point to the center of each gear ramp is also a tangent to the inner circular line with radius (x). Preferably, R1 - R2 = R3 - R4 and 6c = 6d. The design ensures that the resulting air gap widths are relatively equal within two step-like transitions to a different width and only decrease from wide to narrow during the rotation of the rotor ring (7). The magnetic attraction therefore continuously attempts to make all resulting air gaps smaller. This can only happen through a rotational movement in the direction of the arrow.Due to the design, the rotational movement can also occur in only one direction, regardless of the current or magnetic field direction. Applications requiring both directions of rotation would therefore require reversing gears.

[0015] The torque results from the sum of all partial forces of all individual surface sections of the tooth surfaces multiplied by the distance (x), whereby this refers to the surfaces of the ring rotor (7) facing the air gaps (6a+6b). Both total surfaces therefore contribute to the torque.

[0016] The directions of the magnetic attraction forces are approximately Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b. For simplicity, these representations assume that the force acting on a tooth surface is concentrated at a point in the center of the surface, analogous to the radial lines R2 and R3 shown.

[0017] Due to its design, the radius R2 is deflected by an angle (α) from the machine center. The external tensile force Fa acts in exactly this direction. The "lever arm" for this force is the distance x.

[0018] Due to its design, the radius R3 is deflected by an angle (β) from the machine center. The internal tensile force Fi acts in exactly the opposite direction, as it is directed "inward." The "lever arm" for this force is the distance (x).

[0019] The resulting force Fr is on the Fig. 3b. The internal force Fi was considered larger than the force Fa in the illustration because, due to the smaller inner surface, the induction is slightly higher than from the outer surface, despite the same flux magnitude. Since the force increases quadratically with the flux density, the higher force tends to be exerted from the inner side. In practice, there may not be a very large difference, since the inner surfaces are somewhat smaller.

[0020] All magnetic forces Fa and all magnetic forces Fi of the machine would have to be calculated separately for each surface section with a different induction and / or surface size. The total moment Mtotal = Σ Fa x + Σ Fi x.

[0021] One can compare it to a drawn bow. The tension in the bowstring is very high. The string can only perform one task—shoot an arrow—when it is deflected. The further the deflection, the greater the force on the arrow.

[0022] In the machine presented here, the tooth height (distance x) can be compared with the deflection of the chord. The voltage in the chord itself is the induction B in Tesla, which in turn can be calculated from the current A x number of turns W of the excitation winding (AW), i.e., the field strength and air gap size. When the chord is deflected, both parts of the chord contribute to the acceleration force, as do the induction values ​​in the two opposite air gaps, which, due to their design, always remain "deflected." The excitation flux also provides a continuous "replenishment" in the form of magnetic energy. Magnetic energy is inexhaustible as long as current flows. As with wind or water power, the magnetic force must be given the opportunity to convert the force into movement in the form of an angled contact surface, the sawtooth ramps. Without angled rotor blades or water wheels, wind or water power would not be possible. List of reference symbols used 0 Center of machine axis 1 U-cores 1a Inner leg of the U-core (1) or inner toroidal core 1b Outer leg of the U-core (1) or outer toroidal core 1c Base yoke from the U-core (1) or ring disc 2 drive shaft 3 bearing plate 4 Excitation winding or coil 5 Outer ring body (flux collector) 6a Inner air gap 6b Outer air gap 6c Minimum external air gap 6d Minimum internal air gap 7 Ring rotor or rotor 8 Inner ring body (flux collector) 9 Rotor disc x Offset distance from machine center x2 Average lever arm length of external magnetic force Fa x3 Average lever arm length of internal magnetic force Fi y Tooth height of the “sawtooth poles” R Average radius of ring rotor (7) R1 radius of the inner tooth of the outer ring body (5) R2 radius of the outer tooth of the ring rotor (7) R3 Radius of the inner tooth of the ring rotor (7) R4 Radius of the outer tooth of the inner ring body (8) Fa magnetic force of outer ring body (5) Fi magnetic force of inner ring body (8) Fr Resultant magnetic force of the forces (Fa) and (Fi) α Design-related mean working angle between (R2) and the radius line (R) (determining the direction of action of the magnetic force (Fa)) β Design-related mean working angle between (R3) and the radius line (R) (determining the direction of action of the magnetic force (Fi)) List of representations Fig. 1 Longitudinal section through the upper machine halves Fig. 2 Axial plan view of the air gap area with a “sawtooth segment” of the rotor ring (7) as well as of the ring bodies (5+8) with construction details of the same. Fig. 3a Design drawing for determining the mean working angles (α) and (β) based on the radius lengths (R2), (R3) and the offset distance (x) Fig. 3b Vector parallelogram of the magnetic forces (Fa) and (Fi)

Claims

[1] Magnetic energy unipolar motor characterized by , that a) a plurality (at least 1) of U-cores, made of electrical sheet or similar, are grouped with their base yoke (1c) in a star shape around a drive shaft (2) and attached to a bearing plate (3), b) all outer limbs (1b) of all U-cores are connected by a common ring body (5) which can absorb the individual magnetic fluxes of all outer limbs in order to feed them to a first air gap (6b) or, in the opposite direction, distribute the incoming flux to the individual outer limbs, c) all inner limbs (1a) of all U-cores are connected by a common ring body (8) which can absorb the individual magnetic fluxes of all inner limbs in order to feed them to a second air gap (6a) or, in the opposite direction, distribute the incoming flux to the individual inner limbs, d) between the first air gap (6b) and the second air gap (6a) the actual rotor (7) is arranged as a ring rotor, which transfers the magnetic flux from the ring body (5) to the ring body (8) or vice versa from the ring body (8) to the ring body (5), e) an electric coil (4), designed as a toroidal coil, is provided, which encloses all inner limbs (1a) of the U-cores (1) together and thereby ensures that the same magnetic flux is generated in all cores, f) all surfaces of the ring body (5), the ring body (8), and the ring rotor (7) facing the air gaps (6b) and (6a) each have a sawtooth profile with concave or convex ramps, with all surfaces facing outwards of the machine having convex tooth ramps and all surfaces facing towards the centre of the machine having concave tooth ramps, g) depending on the desired direction of rotation of the machine, the radii (R1) and (R2) relating to the outer air gap (6b) have their starting point at a distance (x) from the left or right side of the machine center (0), and the radii (R3) and (R4) relating to the inner air gap (6a) have their starting point at a distance (x) from the other or opposite side of the machine center (0), whereby all radii can also be considered as tangents to the inner circular line with radius (x), h) the number of teeth (pole pitches) on the ring body (5) and (8) is virtually arbitrary, whereby the teeth (pole pitches) of both elements should ideally be in the same radial alignment, i.e. their number should be the same, i) the number of teeth (pole pitches) on the ring rotor (7) advantageously differs significantly from the number of teeth on the ring body (5) and (8), whereby here too the outer teeth and inner teeth should be in the same radial alignment, i.e. their number should be the same, j) any combination of all pole pitches is possible and permissible, ie each of the four surfaces facing the air gaps can have its own number of teeth or pole pitch, k) there is a rotor disc (9) to which the rotor ring (7) is attached and which is itself rigidly connected to the drive shaft (2), I) in only one of the two air gaps (6a) or (6b) there are poles or sawtooth structures on the adjacent surfaces of ring bodies (5) or (8) and rotor ring (7), which contribute to a torque, wherein the other air gap itself is continuously minimized, similar to (6c) or (6d). [2] Magnetic energy unipolar motor according to claim 1 characterized by , that a) all outer limbs (1b) of the U-shaped cores (1) are replaced by an outer toroidal core wound from "normal" transformer sheet or formed from solid electrical iron, which is arranged at the same position as the limbs (1b) and can therefore conduct the magnetic flux with its full circumference, b) all inner legs (1a) of the U-shaped cores (1) are replaced by an inner toroidal core wound from "normal" transformer sheet or formed from solid electrical iron, which is arranged at the same position as the legs (1a) and can therefore conduct the magnetic return flux with its full circumference, c) all base yokes (1c) are replaced by suitable electrical sheet metal discs or correspondingly shaped from solid electrical iron, which are located at the same position as the yokes, i.e. between the outer and inner toroidal core, so that the magnetic flux can pass unhindered from one toroidal core to the other and vice versa, practically without resistance, d) in this solution the ring bodies (5) and (8) are arranged at the same location, namely at the outer ends of the two toroidal cores, whereby the functioning of the machine has not changed.

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