Mounting arrangement for photovoltaic modules on flat roofs with ballast-effective fire protection board

Abstract

Mounting arrangement for the ballasted installation of at least one photovoltaic module (1) on a flat roof, comprising a) a mineral, non-combustible panel (2) as a flat substrate, fire protection separating layer and load distribution / building protection layer, wherein the panel (2) in the mounted state is substantially flat on a roof membrane ora) can be arranged resting on the water-bearing layer (8), b) at least one metallic support profile (3) for receiving and / or fastening the photovoltaic module (1), and c) a mechanical coupling between the support profile (3) and the plate (2) by means of at least one fastening element (5), wherein the fastening element (5) connects the support profile (3) directly or indirectly to the plate (2) via a connection / screwing area (4), characterized in that forces from wind loads, in particular uplift and / or lateral forces, can be introduced from the photovoltaic module (1) into the plate (2) via the support profile (3), so that the self-weight of the plate (2) can be used as ballast to secure the installation against uplift.

Description

Technical field The invention relates to a mounting arrangement and a photovoltaic arrangement for the ballasted installation of photovoltaic modules on flat roofs, in particular on roof structures with combustible components (e.g. bituminous seals, plastic sheets, insulating materials). The invention provides a mineral, non-combustible panel as a fire protection separation layer and load distribution / building protection layer and structurally couples this with at least one metallic support profile for module mounting, so that wind loads are introduced into the panel and its own weight is used as ballast to prevent uplift. State of the art Ballasted flat roof mounting systems for photovoltaics are well-known. Typical designs are based on metallic, especially aluminum, substructures and additional ballast weights placed on or next to the substructure. To improve fire protection, separate, loosely laid non-combustible panels or gravel layers are sometimes used as a separating layer. In known solutions, a fire protection layer is typically not structurally integrated into the load path; its weight then does not act as an effective component of the wind uplift resistance of the substructure, but rather appears as an additional weight alongside the substructure and separate ballast. This leads to high overall loads and can limit practical implementation on roofs with critical load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, shielding or trough-like elements are known which, depending on their design, can impair ventilation and / or drainage or do not provide a defined, protected cable / connector routing. Object of the invention The object of the invention is to provide a mounting arrangement and a photovoltaic arrangement that: • provides a fire protection separation between the underside of the module (including connectors / cables) and the roof structure, • simultaneously fulfills a surface load distribution / building protection function with respect to the roof membrane, • makes the self-weight of a non-combustible panel structurally usable as ballast for anti-lift protection, so that additional ballast can be reduced or added modularly, and • is compatible with common module clamps / support profiles and allows for easy field arrangement. Solution / Summary of the invention The problem is solved by a mounting arrangement for the ballasted installation of at least one photovoltaic module (1) on a flat roof, comprising: • a mineral, non-combustible panel (2) as a flat substrate, fire protection separating layer and load distribution / building protection layer, • at least one metallic support profile (3) for receiving and / or fastening the photovoltaic module (1), and • a mechanical coupling between the support profile (3) and the panel (2) by means of at least one fastening element (5), wherein the fastening element (5) connects the support profile (3) directly or indirectly to the panel (2) via a connection / screwing area (4), wherein forces from wind loads, in particular uplift and / or lateral forces, can be transferred from the photovoltaic module (1) via the support profile (3) into the panel (2), so that the self-weight of the panel (2) can be used as ballast to secure the installation against uplift. This means that the plate (2) not only acts as a fire protection separation layer and load distribution / building protection layer, but also as a structurally integrated ballast-effective mass. The mechanical coupling can be effected in particular by means of at least one fastening element (5), for example as a screw, rivet, clamp, clip and / or hook connection. In embodiments, the plate (2) can have at least one threaded insert or threaded sleeve (11) for this purpose. Alternatively or additionally, a fastening element (5) can be guided through an opening in the plate (2) and engage in a thread of the support profile (3) and / or a metallic fastening component connected to the support profile (3). The mounting arrangement can have a shielding geometry / edge structure (6) that at least partially shields an area below the photovoltaic module (1) laterally and / or at the front. In preferred field arrangements, a cable / connector zone or corridor (7) can also be formed between adjacent mounting areas for the protected routing of cables and / or connectors. The mounting arrangement is preferably designed for placement on a roof membrane or water-bearing layer (8) of a roof structure (9). An air gap / ventilation space (10) can be formed between the underside of the module and the mounting arrangement. Advantageous embodiments of the invention Advantageous configurations can be provided individually or in combination: (a) Constructive coupling (load path / load transfer effect) The support profile (3) is connected directly or indirectly to the plate (2) via the connection / bolt area (4) by means of fastening elements (5), so that wind loads / uplift forces are introduced into the plate (2). (b) Connection / bolt area as fastening zone The connection / bolt area (4) is designed as a section of the support profile (3), in particular as a perforated or fastening-prepared zone, for example as a perforated strip, fastening tab and / or perforated plate. (c) Threaded insert in the plate The plate (2) can have at least one threaded insert or threaded sleeve (11) into which a fastening element (5) engages.(d) Thread in the support profile / metallic component. Alternatively or additionally, the fastening element (5) can be guided through an opening in the plate (2) and engage in a thread in the support profile (3) and / or a metallic component connected to the support profile (3). (e) Shielding geometry / edge structure. The mounting arrangement can have a shielding geometry / edge structure (6) that at least partially shields an area below the photovoltaic module (1) laterally and / or at the front. The shielding geometry / edge structure (6) can be designed as an underflow barrier, in particular by a geometry that reduces the air ingress under the photovoltaic module (1), preferably by side legs that extend upwards from the plate (2) and terminate with their free edge in the area of ​​the lower edge of the module.(f) Edge / End Design: The shielding geometry / edge structure (6) may be provided in the edge and / or end areas of a module array and may be reduced or omitted in interior areas. (g) Cable / Connector Zone: A cable / connector zone or corridor (7) may be provided between adjacent mounting areas for the protected routing of cables and / or connectors. (h) Drainage / Ventilation: The plate (2) and / or shielding geometry / edge structure (6) may have openings (e.g., slots or recesses) for ventilation and / or drainage without significantly reducing the protective effect. (i) Thermal Tolerance: Tolerance compensation devices, in particular elongated holes, sliding surfaces, and / or elastic intermediate layers, may be provided between the support profile (3) and the plate (2) to accommodate thermal expansion and / or to reduce thermally induced stresses.(j) Material design of the panel The panel (2) is preferably a mineral, non-combustible panel, in particular a cement-bonded, fiber-reinforced and / or magnesium oxide-bonded panel, for example a fiber cement panel or a technically comparable cement-bonded building panel. "Non-combustible" means in particular a design corresponding to building material class A1 and / or A2 according to EN 13501-1 or a technically equivalent classification. (k) Material design of the support profile The support profile (3) preferably consists of a metallic material, in particular steel, stainless steel and / or aluminum, and optionally or if required has corrosion protection. Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional / side view of a PV mounting arrangement with a photovoltaic module (1), a mineral, non-combustible panel (2), a shielding geometry / edge structure (6), a roof membrane / water-bearing layer (8), a roof structure (9), and an air gap / ventilation space (10). Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a PV mounting arrangement with photovoltaic modules (1), a mineral, non-combustible panel (2), and a shielding geometry / edge structure (6). Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a field arrangement with support profiles (3), a shielding geometry / edge structure (6), and a cable / connector corridor (7).Figure 4 shows a schematic detail view of a connection / screwing area (4) with a fastening element (5) and a threaded insert (11) for mechanical coupling to a mineral plate (2), wherein alternatively a threaded engagement in a support profile (3) and / or a metallic fastening component connected to it may be provided. Figure 5 shows a schematic top view of a support profile (3) with a connection / screwing area (4) formed thereon. Detailed description of exemplary implementations The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments and the drawings. Identical reference numerals denote identical or functionally similar elements. Example 1 (basic structure in section; Fig. 1) Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional / side view of a PV mounting arrangement for installing at least one photovoltaic module (1) on a flat roof. The mounting arrangement comprises a mineral, non-combustible panel (2) which, in the installed state, is positioned on a roof membrane or water-bearing layer (8). Below the roof membrane (8) is a roof structure (9), for example, with insulation materials and / or other roof layers. The plate (2) simultaneously serves as a fire-resistant separation layer and as a load-distributing / structural protection layer against the roof membrane (8). In the illustrated embodiment, a shielding geometry or edge structure (6) is also provided, which laterally limits or at least partially shields an area below the photovoltaic module (1). An air gap / ventilation space (10) can be formed between the underside of the module and the mounting arrangement. The sectional view shown in Fig. 1 illustrates in particular the spatial arrangement of the photovoltaic module (1) relative to the panel (2), the shielding geometry (6), the roof membrane (8), and the roof structure (9). The shielding geometry (6) can be provided in the edge and / or end regions of a module array and reduced or omitted in interior areas. Example 2 (Perspective module / plate arrangement; Fig. 2) Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a PV mounting arrangement with several photovoltaic modules (1), a mineral, non-combustible plate (2) and a shielding geometry / edge structure (6). The illustration shows that the plate (2) can be arranged predominantly in the area directly below the photovoltaic modules (1) and performs a surface-wide protective and load-distributing function. In the illustrated embodiment, the shielding geometry (6) is designed as an edge-side structure and can serve as fire protection shielding as well as, optionally, as geometric guidance / limitation. The figure serves in particular to illustrate the basic principle of the combination of module receiving area and non-combustible plate (2) in a compact assembly arrangement. Example 3 (field arrangement with corridor; Fig. 3) Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a field arrangement with support profiles (3), a shielding geometry / edge structure (6) and a cable / connector corridor (7). The support profiles (3) serve to accommodate and / or attach photovoltaic modules (1) (not shown in Fig. 3). An area is formed between adjacent mounting areas that can be used as a cable / connector zone or corridor (7). This allows cables and connectors to be routed in an organized and protected manner. The field arrangement shown in Fig. 3 further illustrates that the invention is suitable not only for individual modules but also for modular row or field arrangements. The shielding geometry (6) can be provided section by section, particularly in edge regions or along defined boundaries of a module field. Exemplary embodiment 4 (detail of the mechanical coupling; Fig. 4) Fig. 4 shows a schematic detail view of a connection / screwing area (4) with a fastening element (5) and a threaded insert (11) for mechanical coupling to a mineral plate (2). The connection / screwing area (4) is preferably designed as a screwable zone, for example as a perforated strip, mounting tab or perforated plate, and can be an integral part of a support profile (3) or alternatively designed as a separate connection element. Mechanical coupling to the plate (2) is achieved via the fastening element (5), in particular a screw. In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening element (5) engages in a threaded insert or threaded sleeve (11) of the plate (2). Alternatively or additionally, the fastening element (5) can be guided through an opening in the plate (2) and engage in a thread of the support profile (3) and / or a metallic component connected to the support profile (3). This detailed view illustrates the central technical idea of ​​the invention, according to which a support structure for the photovoltaic module (1) is coupled with the mineral plate (2) so that forces from wind loads, in particular uplift and / or lateral forces, can be introduced into the plate (2). Example 5 (support profile with connection area; Fig. 5) Fig. 5 shows a schematic top view of a support profile (3) with a connection / screwing area (4) formed on it. The figure illustrates that the connection / screwing area (4) does not necessarily have to be a separate component, but can be designed as part of a support profile (3), in particular as a perforated or otherwise prepared zone for fastening. The connection / screwing area (4) thus provides the functional interface for mechanical coupling with the mineral plate (2). In combination with the detailed view shown in Fig. 4, the functional relationship between support profile (3), connection / screwing area (4), fastening element (5) and threaded insert (11) or an alternative thread engagement in the support profile (3) / metallic component is illustrated. Technical effect of the illustrated embodiments The key technical advantage of the illustrated embodiments is that the mineral, non-combustible panel (2) is not merely used as a loose fire protection layer, but is structurally integrated into the load path of the PV mounting arrangement. Through the mechanical coupling of a support structure (in particular via a support profile (3), connection / bolting area (4) and fastening element (5)) with the panel (2), the panel's own weight (2) can be used as ballast to prevent it from lifting. This allows additional separate ballast to be reduced, while at the same time providing fire protection separation and a load distribution / building protection function towards the roof skin (8). General variation note The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. In particular, the shape, dimensions, choice of material and specific design of the support profiles (3), connection / screwing areas (4), fastening elements (5), shielding geometries / edge structures (6) and the coupling with the plate (2) can vary, provided that the load path according to the invention is provided for introducing forces into the mineral plate (2). REFERENCE MARK LIST 1 Photovoltaic module 2 Mineral, non-combustible board (fire protection / load distribution / building protection board) 3 Metallic support profile / rail / substructure support 4 Connection / screwing area (especially on support profile 3; possibly an integral component) 5 Fastening element (e.g., screw, rivet, clamp, clip, hook) 6 Shielding geometry / edge structure 7 Cable / connector zone / corridor 8 Roof membrane / water-bearing layer 9 Roof structure (e.g., insulation, other roof layers) 10 Air gap / ventilation space 11 Threaded insert / threaded sleeve in the board

Claims

Mounting arrangement for the ballasted installation of at least one photovoltaic module (1) on a flat roof, comprising a) a mineral, non-combustible panel (2) as a flat substrate, fire protection separating layer and load distribution / building protection layer, wherein the panel (2) in the mounted state is substantially flat on a roof membrane ora) can be arranged resting on the water-bearing layer (8), b) at least one metallic support profile (3) for receiving and / or fastening the photovoltaic module (1), and c) a mechanical coupling between the support profile (3) and the plate (2) by means of at least one fastening element (5), wherein the fastening element (5) connects the support profile (3) directly or indirectly to the plate (2) via a connection / screwing area (4), characterized in that forces from wind loads, in particular uplift and / or lateral forces, can be introduced from the photovoltaic module (1) into the plate (2) via the support profile (3), so that the self-weight of the plate (2) can be used as ballast to secure the installation against uplift. Mounting arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (2) in the mounted photovoltaic arrangement is predominantly arranged in the area which lies directly below the photovoltaic module (1). Assembly arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support profile (3) is designed as an integrated component of the assembly arrangement and / or as part of a substructure. Mounting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connection / screwing area (4) is designed as an area of ​​the support profile (3), in particular as a perforated or prepared-for-attachment zone. Mounting arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the connection / screwing area (4) is designed as a perforated strip, mounting tab and / or perforated plate. Assembly arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fastening element (5) is designed as a screw, rivet, clamp, clip and / or hook and provides a positive and / or force-fit mechanical coupling between support profile (3) and plate (2). Assembly arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the plate (2) has at least one threaded insert or threaded sleeve (11) into which the fastening element (5) engages. Assembly arrangement according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the fastening element (5) is guided through an opening in the plate (2) and engages in a thread of the support profile (3) and / or a metallic fastening component connected to the support profile (3). Mounting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mounting arrangement has a shielding geometry / edge structure (6) which at least partially shields an area below the photovoltaic module (1) laterally and / or at the front. Mounting arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the shielding geometry / edge structure (6) is designed as an underflow barrier, in particular by a geometry reducing the air ingress under the photovoltaic module (1), preferably by side legs extending upwards from the plate (2) and ending with their free edge in the area of ​​the module's lower edge. Mounting arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the shielding geometry / edge structure (6) is provided in edge and / or end areas of a module field and is reduced or omitted in interior areas. Photovoltaic arrangement with a plurality of mounting arrangements according to one of claims 1 to 11 and a plurality of photovoltaic modules (1), characterized in that a cable / connector zone or a corridor (7) for the protected routing of cables and / or connectors below adjacent photovoltaic modules (1) is formed between adjacent mounting areas. Assembly arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that tolerance compensation means, in particular elongated holes, sliding surfaces and / or elastic intermediate layers, are provided between the support profile (3) and the plate (2) to accommodate thermal changes in length. Assembly arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11 or 13, characterized in that the board (2) is mineral and non-combustible, in particular as a cement-bonded, fiber-reinforced and / or magnesium oxide-bonded building board. Mounting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, 13 or 14, characterized in that the support profile (3) is made of a metallic material, in particular steel, stainless steel and / or aluminium, and optionally or if required has corrosion protection.

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