System for generating negative and / or positive pressure

Abstract

System (10) for generating negative and / or positive pressure, with at least one body (1) having a cavity and with at least one piston (2) which divides the cavity into at least two chambers (2a, 2b) and with an actuator (2') which is configured to adjust the piston (2) from at least a first position to at least a second position, such that the volume of at least one, in particular both, chamber(s) is variable, characterized in that each of the at least two chambers (2a, 2b) has at least one passage opening (5a, 5b).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a system of the type defined in more detail in the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device and an automation system, each comprising at least one such system. State of the art

[0002] In the field of automated handling and packaging technology, two established methods are currently predominantly used for gripping, erecting and transporting products such as cardboard boxes, films or other flat materials: Vacuum pumps mechanically create a negative pressure, which can be used to suction, hold, and manipulate objects via suction grippers. These systems operate with electric or pneumatic pumps that continuously or intermittently build up a vacuum in a closed system. The advantage lies in the reliable generation of defined negative pressures. Disadvantages, however, include high energy consumption, the required electrical infrastructure, maintenance costs, and the mechanical complexity of the pump units.

[0003] Venturi nozzles utilize the physical principle of the Venturi effect: compressed air is forced through a constricted nozzle, increasing the flow velocity and causing a drop in static pressure. This creates a vacuum that can be used to suction objects. This method is widely used in industry because it requires no electrical components and is robust. However, the significant disadvantage lies in the considerable operating costs: the required compressed air must be laboriously compressed, resulting in high energy consumption and ongoing expenses.

[0004] Both established technologies have a significant functional disadvantage: they do not allow for rapid switching between suction and pressure functions during the ongoing process. With conventional systems, the vacuum can only be switched on or off. Active switching from suction to blowing or pressure is not possible.

[0005] Particularly in the packaging industry, this limitation frequently leads to process errors: When depositing suction-fed objects, the material can adhere or not be positioned precisely because there is no active pressure support available for controlled release. This causes production interruptions, scrap, and often requires manual rework. Furthermore, the lack of process flexibility significantly restricts cycle times and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE).

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a system that reduces and does not exhibit the problems described above and others. Disclosure of the invention

[0007] According to the invention, this problem is solved with a system having the features of claim 1. This and further problems are also solved with a device having the features of claim 10 and an automation system having the features of claim 11. Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the system according to the invention also apply in connection with the device according to the invention, and vice versa, so that a reciprocal reference is always possible with regard to the disclosure of the invention.

[0008] The invention relates in particular to a system for generating negative pressure and / or positive pressure, comprising at least one body having a cavity and at least one piston which divides the cavity into at least two chambers and with an actuator which is designed to adjust the piston from at least a first position to at least a second position, such that the volume of at least one, in particular both, chamber(s) is variable, wherein each of the at least two chambers has at least one through-hole.

[0009] An actuator enables precise repositioning of the piston, thereby altering the volume of the chambers. Each chamber has at least one orifice, allowing for the targeted generation of negative and / or positive pressure, or vacuum and / or compressed air. Through variable volume control in conjunction with the orifices, the system can generate both vacuum and compressed air decentrally without relying on separate vacuum pumps or Venturi nozzles. In particular, the system can generate both sequentially and / or simultaneously in a very short time, depending on the wiring and connection configuration of the two orifices. For example, a piston stroke can enlarge one chamber and create a vacuum at the corresponding orifice, thus drawing in an object.Simultaneously, the same piston movement reduces the size of the other chamber, creating overpressure at the corresponding through-hole. This allows, for example, the generation of compressed air (or another technically suitable fluid) for various applications. It is also possible, through appropriate wiring and connection, to use both through-holes sequentially for the same object, enabling, for instance, immediate switching between suction and compressed air.

[0010] A further advantage lies in the decentralized design and potential mobility of the system. It does not need to be connected to a local or central compressed air supply and, if necessary, additionally or subsequently to a central vacuum supply, or vice versa. Instead, it can be used directly in the field without central supply lines and provides both positive and negative pressure in a convenient manner, suitable for various tasks.

[0011] Precise control of the actuator, for example by a servo motor, enables efficient adaptation to different requirements and process conditions, reducing the risk of malfunctions, immobility, and the effort that can occur with centralized systems. The system's potentially compact design also allows for flexible integration into existing plants.

[0012] It is also possible to have more than two passage openings per chamber, for example with different cross-sections for different requirements, and / or more than two chambers and more than two pistons, for example three, four or five pistons and / or chambers and / or passage openings (in total or per chamber).

[0013] Advantageously, the invention may provide that the actuator is configured to move the piston from the first position to the second position and from the first position to a third opposite position, such that the first position is a middle position.

[0014] Therefore, the design allows for a neutral starting position of the piston, from which both vacuum and compressed air generation can be achieved by moving it in opposite directions, simultaneously but alternately in both chambers. This enables anti-symmetrical control and optimized energy utilization.

[0015] The piston's central position can also increase the actuator's service life, as it, or rather the drive, is not constantly under load. More precise positioning of the piston in the central position can be achieved by controlling a servo motor, which improves process reproducibility and minimizes potential sources of error. The ability to move the piston to three positions offers greater flexibility in process design and allows for adaptation to different application requirements.

[0016] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, within the scope of the invention, at least one passage opening is a combined inlet and outlet, in particular such that both chambers each have exactly one combined inlet and outlet.

[0017] Thus, a connection suitable for compressed air and vacuum generation can be provided at a through-hole, for example. This has the advantage that the use of combined inlet and outlet openings in each chamber achieves dual functionality, allowing both the intake of fluids to create a vacuum and the exhaust of fluids to create a positive pressure through the same opening.

[0018] This simplifies the system's design, increases functionality and performance, simplifies operation, reduces the number of components required, and thus lowers costs. The combined functionality also allows for more precise control of pressure build-up and release in the chambers, which improves the system's efficiency and reliability. The reduced number of passages minimizes potential leakage points and increases the overall system's tightness.

[0019] It is also conceivable and possible, as an option, that the body is a cylinder, in particular a pneumatic cylinder.

[0020] This allows, among other things, the creation of a compact and integrated unit for generating vacuum and compressed air, combining the functions of both a vacuum pump and a compressed air generator in a single component. The use of a cylinder, particularly a pneumatic cylinder, enables the utilization of proven components and manufacturing techniques. The design can be implemented cost-effectively, as separate components are eliminated. Integration into existing systems is simplified because the cylinder offers a standardized interface. Precise control of the cylinder by the servo motor allows for accurate adjustment of the vacuum or compressed air volume to the specific application, resulting in increased efficiency and process reliability. The cylinder's design allows for flexible integration into various systems and environments.

[0021] It can also be advantageous if the piston is a piston disc.

[0022] In other words, the piston is designed as a disc, which allows for a compact system design and thus facilitates its integration into confined spaces. A piston-shaped disc design can also improve the precise control of the chamber volume, as the disc ensures uniform fluid displacement. This leads to greater reproducibility and accuracy of the generated vacuum or compressed air volumes. Using a piston disc can also reduce manufacturing costs, as less material is required and production can be simplified. Furthermore, the disc shape allows for greater flexibility in the arrangement of the orifices, thus optimizing flow within the system.

[0023] Furthermore, it is optionally provided that the cavity and / or the piston have a seal(s) for sealing against each other, which is designed as a piston seal and / or as a rod seal and in particular has pneumatic sealing edges, O-rings and / or radial shaft seals.

[0024] This has the advantage of creating a sealed and controlled space within the hollow body, suitable for generating negative or positive pressure. The seal prevents leakage losses, thereby increasing the efficiency of compressed air or vacuum generation and enabling precise pressure level control. This is particularly advantageous because the system according to the invention does not require a constant supply of compressed air / vacuum, as is the case with conventional systems.

[0025] The choice between different sealing types, such as pneumatic sealing edges, O-rings, or radial shaft seals, allows for adaptation to specific requirements regarding tightness, friction, and service life. This contributes to the operational safety and reliability of the overall system and minimizes maintenance. Furthermore, the seal between the cavity and the piston prevents media from entering unwanted areas, which increases the service life of the components and reduces the risk of contamination.

[0026] A further advantage can be achieved within the scope of the invention if the actuator is or has a piston rod which is adjustable by means of a drive, wherein the drive is in particular a servo motor.

[0027] Thus, the use of a piston rod, adjustable by a servo-controlled drive, enables precise and dynamic control of the chamber volumes within the cavity. This allows for exact adjustment of the generated negative or positive pressure to the specific application requirements and improves process control. Furthermore, the use of a servo motor as the drive ensures high repeatability and energy efficiency compared to conventional pneumatic or hydraulic systems. The direct coupling of the servo motor and piston rod also eliminates the risk of backlash or hysteresis, resulting in improved controllability and system lifespan. The ability to continuously control the position of the piston rod, and therefore the chamber volume, also allows for the implementation of complex pressure profiles that are not possible with conventional systems.

[0028] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the drive is in operative connection with the piston rod indirectly or directly via a spindle, a shaft, a belt, a push chain and / or an eccentric disc.

[0029] This offers several advantages, including precise and controlled piston movement, which optimizes volume equalization processes within the chambers and ensures reliable vacuum and compressed air generation. Using a spindle, shaft, belt, push chain, or eccentric disc as the drive element allows for adjustment of the gear ratio and thus the force and displacement characteristics. This improves system efficiency and enables adaptation to the specific requirements of each application. Furthermore, this mechanical coupling allows for a robust and durable design that functions reliably even under demanding operating conditions. The direct or indirect connection between the drive and piston rod also reduces energy loss and increases the system's response speed.

[0030] Furthermore, the invention may provide that at least one passage opening has a suction attachment and / or is connected to a suction attachment, in particular via a line and / or a pipe and / or a hose.

[0031] A suction attachment, for example, can be made of flexible plastic in the form of a suction cup or suction bell, which docks onto the object to be moved and maintains the vacuum for a certain period of time. This allows for a direct or external connection to an object such as a cardboard box, a crate, or a component made of a smooth material, enabling the use of the generated vacuum for transport or for drawing in liquids or gases. The suction attachment or the corresponding connection allows the system to be flexibly adapted to various applications, such as lifting objects using a vacuum, extracting liquids, or conveying materials.

[0032] The design of the suction attachment can vary to meet the requirements of the specific application, for example, through different shapes, sizes, or materials. Furthermore, the connection via a pipe, tube, or hose allows for spatial separation of the suction point from the actual system, which facilitates integration into existing systems and increases flexibility.

[0033] It is also conceivable and possible that the intake attachment is formed by a nozzle or has a nozzle. For example, a nozzle may be molded inside a bell, which can enhance the compressed air function.

[0034] The invention also relates to a device for moving and / or holding objects, particularly in industrial automation, manufacturing, and / or packaging systems using a system according to the invention. The device according to the invention thus offers the same advantages as described in detail with reference to the system.

[0035] The invention also relates to a corresponding automation system with at least two, three, four or more devices which are provided decentrally for moving and / or holding objects by means of the generated negative pressure and / or positive pressure, and which each have the system for generating negative pressure and / or positive pressure.

[0036] Thus, the device or system can be used in industrial automation, manufacturing, and packaging plants, or similar applications, thereby realizing the advantages associated with the system according to the invention. Integration into such systems enables decentralized generation of vacuum and compressed air by a servo-controlled pneumatic cylinder, reducing or eliminating dependence on central vacuum pumps or compressed air supply systems. This leads to increased flexibility and efficiency in the respective processes. The precise control of the cylinder by the servo motor enables accurate positioning and force regulation, which is important for applications such as product handling or erecting cardboard boxes.The ability to switch between vacuum and compressed air within a single device, and if necessary within a single piston movement, prevents process errors, enables optimized control, and makes the system and device extremely efficient, flexible, and easy / practical to operate. The device can also be adapted to the specific requirements of each application.

[0037] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a system in a first embodiment, Fig. 2 a system in a second embodiment, Fig. 3 a system in a third embodiment.

[0038] In the following figures, identical reference numerals are used for the same technical features even for different embodiments.

[0039] Fig. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a system 10 according to the invention with a pneumatic cylinder 1, which has a cavity that is divided into two chambers 1a, 1b by a piston 2 in the form of a piston disk. The piston 2 is attached to a piston rod 2', which can be linearly adjusted in the direction X by a servomotor 4 via a spindle 3.

[0040] Each chamber 1a, 1b has exactly one through-hole 5a, 5b, which, depending on the direction of adjustment of the piston 2, functions as either an inlet 5a, 5b or an outlet 5a, 5b. In this way, a fluid such as air is forced or drawn in towards Y, creating an overpressure or underpressure if the through-hole 5a, 5b is closed.

[0041] Suction cups and suction bells, respectively, are connected to the through-openings 5a and 5b via hoses or pipes for suctioning objects. Nozzles (not shown) are molded into the suction cups 6a and 6b.

[0042] Fig. Figure 2 shows a system 10 according to further aspects of the invention. The cylinder 1 is, in principle, identical to the one in Figure 2. Fig. Cylinder 1 shown. At the in Fig. In the system 10 shown in Figure 2, the piston rod 2' is operatively connected to an eccentric disc 3', which is driven by the motor 4. The eccentric disc 3' has various possible coupling points Ax at which the piston rod 2' can be coupled to the eccentric disc 3' to achieve a different gear ratio and a different stroke characteristic of the piston. This has corresponding effects on the suction and pressure performance of the system 10 as well as on the switching behavior. In the example shown, the coupling points Ax are arranged linearly outwards relative to each other. They therefore differ essentially in their different radii of rotation.

[0043] Fig. Figure 3 shows another embodiment of system 3, which is similar to the one in Fig. The system shown in Figure 2 is the same. The main difference lies in the arrangement of the coupling points Ax, which are not only radially further outwards but also tangentially offset from each other. Therefore, this eccentric disc offers different possible stroke characteristics than the one shown in Figure 2. Fig. 2 eccentric discs shown.

[0044] The preceding explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention solely by way of examples. Naturally, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another, provided this is technically feasible, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Reference symbol list 1 Body, cylinder, pneumatic cylinder 1a, 1b chambers 2 pistons, piston disc 2' Actuator, piston rod 3 spindles 3' eccentric disc 4 Drive, motor, servo motor 5a, 5b Passage openings, inlet, outlet 6a, 6b Intake attachment 10 System Axis coupling points

Claims

System (10) for generating negative pressure and / or positive pressure, comprising at least one body (1) having a cavity and at least one piston (2) which divides the cavity into at least two chambers (2a, 2b) and an actuator (2') which is configured to move the piston (2) from at least a first position to at least a second position, such that the volume of at least one, in particular both, chamber(s) is variable, characterized in that each of the at least two chambers (2a, 2b) has at least one through-hole (5a, 5b). System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (2') is configured to adjust the piston (2) from the first position to the second position and from the first position to a third opposite position, such that the first position is a middle position. System (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one passage opening (5a, 5b) is a combined inlet and outlet (5a, 5b), in particular such that both chambers (1a, 1b) each have exactly one combined inlet and outlet (5a, 5b). System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (1) is a cylinder (1), in particular a pneumatic cylinder (1). System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston (2) is a piston disk (2). System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity and / or the piston (2) has or have a seal for sealing against each other, which is designed as a piston seal and / or as a rod seal and in particular has pneumatic sealing edges, O-rings and / or radial shaft seals. System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (2') is or has a piston rod (2') which is adjustable by means of a drive (4), wherein the drive (4) is in particular a servomotor (4). System (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive (4) is in operative connection with the piston rod (2') indirectly or directly via a spindle (3), a shaft, a belt, a push chain and / or an eccentric disc (3'). System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one passage opening (5a, 5b) has a suction attachment (6a, 6b) and / or is connected to a suction attachment (6a, 6b), in particular via a line and / or a pipe and / or a hose. Device for moving and / or holding objects, in particular in industrial automation, manufacturing and / or packaging plants with a system (10) according to one of the preceding claims. Automation system comprising at least two or at least three or at least four devices according to claim 10, which are provided decentrally for moving and / or holding objects by means of the generated negative pressure and / or positive pressure, and each of which comprises the system (10) for generating negative pressure and / or positive pressure.

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