DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FORMING PLASTIC PREFORMS INTO PLASTIC CONTAINERS WITH AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGE DEVICE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers. Such devices and methods have long been known from the prior art. Typically, so-called plastic preforms are heated and, after heating, expanded in a heated state to form plastic containers. This expansion is typically achieved by applying compressed air. The forming device typically comprises a plurality of blow molding stations, with the individual blow molding stations in turn comprising blow molds within which the plastic preforms can be formed into plastic containers. If a switch is required from the production of one type of container to another, the individual blow molds must also be replaced, among other things.

[0002] Depending on the specific forming process, it may also be necessary to replace certain components of the heating device, such as the retaining mandrels that hold the plastic preforms and shielding plates, etc. This replacement process is very complex.

[0003] The applicant's internal prior art therefore discloses the use of interchangeable robots to replace these fittings. These interchangeable robots can remove blow molds from their mold carriers and replace them with other molds.

[0004] The applicant's internal prior art also includes concepts in which several such changing robots are used, for example, to replace the fittings of the heating device or furnace. However, this approach is relatively cost-intensive.

[0005] FR 2 990 639 A1 relates to a plant for producing containers from preforms of thermoplastic material, the plant comprising at least: - a first unit for thermally conditioning the preforms, which unit has a first vertical lateral surface; and - a second unit for forming the containers from the preforms thermally conditioned in the first unit, which second unit has a second vertical lateral surface; characterized in that the plant comprises at least one robot arranged opposite the first vertical lateral surface and the second vertical lateral surface in order to intervene selectively through the first vertical lateral surface and / or through the second vertical lateral surface in order to carry out operations on the first unit and / or the second unit.

[0006] The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device and a method that can be used more efficiently and, in particular, more cost-effectively than devices known from the prior art. This object is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0007] A container treatment plant according to the invention according to claim 1 with a plant for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers has a heating device for heating the plastic preforms, wherein this heating device has a transport device for transporting the plastic preforms with a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms.

[0008] Furthermore, the system comprises a device for forming the plastic preforms into the plastic containers, which device is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the plastic preforms. The device comprises a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path, and the transport device comprises a movable station carrier which is arranged at least indirectly on a base carrier and on which a plurality of forming stations are arranged. These forming stations each comprise blow-molding devices which, in turn, form cavities within which the plastic preforms can be formed or expanded to form the plastic containers. These blow-molding devices are each arranged on blow-molding carriers.

[0009] According to the invention, the device comprises a changing device which is suitable and intended for at least removing the blow molding devices from their blow mold supports and / or arranging blow molding devices on the blow mold supports. This changing device comprises at least one pivotable changing arm, wherein, according to the invention, this changing device is further suitable and intended for removing at least one replaceable element of the heating device from the heating device and / or arranging the replaceable element on this heating device.

[0010] Therefore, in contrast to systems known from the prior art, it is proposed that the changing device or the changing robot not only serves to change the blow molds, but that the same changing device also serves to remove or change elements of the heating device.

[0011] In other words, a robot used for changing blow molds can also be used to change elements of the heating system, such as holding mandrels or heating mandrels or shielding plates in the heating module. This allows the existing changing device to continue to be used and utilized more effectively. Furthermore, operating personnel can be deployed more efficiently, since a single changing device preferably handles the complete change of all fittings.

[0012] The heating device preferably has a locking device or locking elements that lock the interchangeable interchangeable elements relative to the heating device or to a support. This locking device is advantageously designed such that it can be automatically released by the interchangeable device and, if necessary, also locked—in particular automatically or independently. In this way, it is possible for the interchangeable device to first release such a lock, then insert the element to be replaced, and then preferably subsequently lock the lock again.

[0013] In other words, the heating device can have unlocking or locking mechanisms which enable or prevent a change of the respective fitting part or element to be replaced.

[0014] In a further advantageous embodiment, the change arm can be moved both into a first change position, in which it can grip blow molding devices, and into a second change position, in which it can grip the at least one replaceable element of the heating device. It is thus proposed that the change device comprise a change arm that can be guided into a working area of ​​the device for forming the plastic preforms and can perform change operations in this area, as well as into a working area of ​​the heating device in order to exchange the corresponding change elements or fittings there.

[0015] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device has at least one gripping device for gripping the blow molding devices. A gripping device is understood to be any device that can come into at least frictional contact with the blow molding device in order to remove it from a blow molding station or from a blow mold carrier or to arrange it at a blow molding station. This could be a gripping device in the narrower sense, but it would also be possible for the gripping device to have engagement elements that interact with correspondingly adapted engagement elements of the blow mold, so that at least a frictional, but preferably also a positive engagement, is created between the blow molding device and the gripping device.

[0016] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device is arranged interchangeably on the exchange arm. For example, it is possible for a gripping device used to grip a blow molding device to be exchanged for a gripping device used to grip an interchangeable element of the heating device. It is particularly preferred that the exchange device be able to automatically exchange the respective gripping devices. This allows for largely automatic exchange operation both with regard to the device for forming the plastic preforms and with regard to the heating device.

[0017] In general, the gripping device is a treatment device or

[0018] A handling device, which is particularly suitable for transporting the respective component to be exchanged, such as the blow mold or a retaining mandrel or a shielding plate. In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be conceivable for two gripping devices to be arranged on one arm of the exchange device, one of these gripping elements serving to grip the blow molding device and another to grip a replacement element of the heating device.

[0019] For example, it would be possible for these two gripping devices to be arranged on opposite sides with respect to a pivot or rotation axis. This way, it is possible for the other gripping device to not interfere with the currently performed changeover process.

[0020] According to the invention, the changing device is movable in its entirety relative to the heating device and the forming device. It would be conceivable for the changing device to be guided on rails and thus movable between predetermined areas of the heating device and the forming device.

[0021] Alternatively, however, it would also be possible for the changing device to be permanently positioned, for example, between the heating device and the forming device, and preferably to be able to operate both machine modules with its arm. In this embodiment, said arm is preferably equipped with a changing head, i.e., in particular, the gripping device, which enables it to independently change and set down the respective gripping device. In this embodiment, it would be possible to have such a treatment head for the forming device and a treatment head for the heating device.

[0022] In addition, combined treatment systems or treatment heads could also be provided, which – as mentioned above – have two different types of grippers on one head, for example, one for changing the blow mold and one for changing the heating mandrel. This has the advantage that the actual head on the robot arm does not need to be changed.

[0023] In a further embodiment, it would also be possible for the changing device to be arranged on a freely movable carriage and thus to be used not only for the device described here, but also for other aggregates or units such as a filling device, a labeling device and the like.

[0024] The above-described arrangement of the changing device on a rail system offers the advantage that the changing device can be moved to defined locations along defined travel paths. This also allows a central area to be selected for the storage of the clothing parts. The changing device or robot always fetches the clothing sets required for the respective changeover process onto its carriage and buffers them temporarily. One advantage here is that space-consuming clothing magazines on the machines are no longer required on site and do not obstruct access to the machine.

[0025] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device is arranged in a protective area, such as a protective housing. This prevents the changing device from causing injuries to users. For example, it would be possible to position or move an arm of the changing device in such a way that the changing device can fit completely within the housing.

[0026] This housing can be separate from the device mentioned, but it would also be possible for the changing device to be arranged in a designated area of ​​the entire device for producing containers.

[0027] In a further advantageous embodiment, the replaceable element of the heating device is selected from a group of elements comprising holding mandrels for holding the plastic preforms, holding clamps for holding the plastic preforms, shielding elements for shielding heat from components of the plastic preforms, and the like. These shielding elements can, in particular, be so-called shielding plates, which keep the heat, which is appropriately applied to the base body of the plastic preforms, away from the areas not to be heated, and in particular the mouth areas of the plastic preforms.

[0028] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises at least one magazine device for storing blow molding devices and / or for storing interchangeable elements. This allows the interchangeable device to automatically remove the blow molds and deposit them in said magazine. Advantageously, the device comprises two magazines, one intended for blow molding devices and the other for elements of the heating device, such as the aforementioned holding mandrels.

[0029] According to the invention, the system has a further treatment device for treating containers. Furthermore, the system and / or the treatment device has a changing device which, according to the invention, is suitable and intended for changing at least one consumable and / or at least one fitting part of this further treatment device. According to the invention, the invention is therefore directed to a system which has at least two treatment systems, for example two blow molding machines, or else a blow molding machine and a filler, or else an oven and a blow molding machine connected downstream thereof. The use of several changing devices or robots on the system should be possible, or even the use of one robot which performs tasks on several treatment devices. It is possible for these changing devices to communicate with one another in an entire line or system via a higher-level control system.This makes it possible for the same changeover device described above to be used to perform processes on different systems and parts. However, multiple changeover devices can also be provided. As mentioned, the treatment devices can be two or more similar treatment devices, such as two fillers or two blow molding machines, or even different treatment devices.

[0030] It should be noted that the embodiment described here, with the additional treatment device, can also be used independently of the invention described above, i.e., the replacement of blow mold parts from their blow mold carriers. The applicant reserves the right to claim independent protection for such an embodiment. Application of this embodiment would also be conceivable for systems that do not have a blow molding machine, for example, systems that have a filler and a labeling machine.

[0031] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device which is suitable and intended to at least remove the blow moulding devices from their blow mould carriers and / or to arrange blow moulding devices on the blow mould carriers is also suitable and intended to change at least one consumable or at least one fitting part of this further treatment device. For example, it is possible for a changing device to be mobile, in particular movable, and thus to be able to travel between different parts of the system or treatment devices. The system or line or the changing device is preferably arranged in such a way that a changing device can reach the entire line or system. It is possible for the system or the changing device or- devices are arranged in such a way that a changing device can also reach several similar machine parts, such as several blow-molding machines, and carry out various activities on them.

[0032] In a further advantageous embodiment, the further treatment device is selected from a group of treatment devices, which includes manufacturing devices for producing plastic preforms, filling devices for filling containers, labeling devices for labeling containers, grouping devices for producing container groups, packaging devices for packaging multiple containers, closing devices for closing containers, forming devices for forming plastic preforms into plastic preforms, combinations thereof, and the like. The activities performed by the respective changing device vary. For example, it would be possible for a labeling machine to perform a label change, particularly if a labeling machine is provided that does not have a plurality of label reels (multireel).In addition, in the case of a labelling machine, a screw change could also be carried out in order to change the pitch between successive containers.

[0033] In the case of a packing machine, rolls of packing material could also be added. In addition, a lane guide for guiding the containers could also be modified.

[0034] In palletizing systems, for example, new intermediate layers could be inserted or the functions of turning and distributing could be performed. Two changeover devices could also be provided, so that one changeover device is removed in the event of a product change, for example.

[0035] When using a filling device, new fittings can also be inserted, such as filling elements and the like. In the case of a closing device for closing containers, for example, the closing cones and / or closures could be replaced. If the treatment device is an injection molding machine, the injection molding tool could be changed.

[0036] In principle, the changeover device could handle the supply and disposal of packaging materials, such as labels, preform closures, and the like. In addition, palletizing in production could be combined with a mold change in the event of a product change, thus eliminating the need for a palletizing robot.

[0037] In addition, the changing device could also be used to adapt the system in the event of a change in the finish, for example by replacing a blowing piston or holding mandrels in the case of a blow molding machine, or even clamps, a sawtooth star and the like.

[0038] In addition, the changing device could also indirectly support the user. For example, the changing device could travel through the system with an operator, allowing the operator to perform the necessary tasks manually.

[0039] In addition, the changing device could also be used to treat the product itself, particularly during a container inspection (and / or preform inspection), in order to achieve treatment between individual inspection stations.

[0040] In addition, quality controls could also be performed using the changeover device. Finally, it would also be possible for operator tasks such as maintenance, repair, supply, or disposal to be handled by the changeover device.

[0041] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one changeover device is movable between at least two treatment devices. For example, a rail system could be provided that allows the corresponding changeover device to be moved between the two treatment devices. In this way, the changeover device can perform work processes on both treatment devices.

[0042] In addition, a driverless transport system could also be provided, whereby the changing device can move between several treatment facilities, for example via a rail system or GPS guidance.

[0043] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system has a storage facility for sets, so that, for example, certain set parts and / or consumables can be stored there and exchanged for other set parts.

[0044] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one changing device is suitable and intended to remove fitting parts and / or consumables from the storage device and / or to supply fitting parts to the storage device.

[0045] The present invention is further directed to a method for producing plastic containers, wherein plastic preforms are heated by means of a heating device and the plastic preforms are transported during their heating by means of a transport device.

[0046] This heating device or transport device comprises a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms. Furthermore, after heating, the plastic preforms are expanded by means of a forming device (located downstream of the heating device) and formed into the plastic containers.This forming device has a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path and furthermore the transport device has a movable station carrier which is arranged at least indirectly on a stationary base carrier and on which a plurality of forming stations are arranged, wherein these forming stations each have blow moulding devices which each form cavities within which the plastic preforms are formed into the plastic containers and wherein these blow moulding devices are each arranged on blow mould carriers.

[0047] According to the invention, at least the blow molding devices are removed from their blow mold carriers and / or blow molding devices are arranged on the blow mold carriers at least temporarily by means of a changing device. Furthermore, this changing device at least temporarily removes at least one replaceable element of the heating device from the heating device or arranges a replaceable element on this heating device. This heating device is preferably an infrared oven, but the use of microwave ovens would also be conceivable.

[0048] In a preferred method, a working element of the changing device is moved at least temporarily into a working area of ​​the heating device, and a working element of the changing device is moved at least temporarily into a working area of ​​the forming device. This makes it possible to use the same working element for both purposes, i.e., for changing the blow molding devices and also for changing elements of the heating devices.

[0049] This element can, for example, be an end section of a change arm or the aforementioned treatment head, on which grippers are arranged. As mentioned above, the working area is understood to be a spatial area through which the respective element to be changed can be moved, such as the position in which a change of such change elements normally takes place. In the case of the heating device, this can, for example, be a deflection area around which a chain with a plurality of holding elements is guided.

[0050] In a further advantageous embodiment, a locking between the heating device and a component to be changed is released by means of an unlocking element, particularly preferably by the changing device.

[0051] Advantageously, such a locking device can also be produced between a replaced element and its carrier or another area of ​​the forming device and / or the heating device by means of a locking device, in particular by means of the changing device.

[0052] In another preferred method, components to be replaced are stored in a magazine device. This can be a magazine device that allows separate storage of the individual replacement elements.

[0053] Furthermore, it would be possible to perform cleaning processes on the blow molding equipment and / or the changing devices during the changeover process. This would allow the changing device to also apply a cleaning and / or sterilizing medium to the component to be changed. For example, the element to be changed could be immersed in a bath containing a cleaning agent and / or sterilizing agent. It would also be possible for the component to be changed to be exposed to a sterilizing and / or cleaning medium using an exposure device. This procedure can also achieve a fully automated changeover of the respective components.

[0054] Preferably, the changing device is further suitable and intended for performing a treatment process on at least one working element intended for the device during a further operating mode that differs from the changing mode. However, it would also be conceivable for the changing device to be used to change other components, such as stretching rods, transfer stars, and the like.

[0055] It is therefore proposed that the changing device not only serve to change blow molds, but can also perform other tasks at other times, such as cleaning or maintaining components such as blow molds. For example, it is possible for the changing device, which can be a robot, for example, to perform cleaning and maintenance work during container production, for example on removed blow molds.

[0056] This is particularly advantageous when blow molds have to be changed frequently. As mentioned, the changing device is preferably a semi-automatic and preferably fully automatic robot. However, a manual changing device can also be provided. For example, it would be possible to use a so-called manipulator instead of a robot. A manipulator compensates for the dead weight of a workpiece to be moved, such as a blow mold, in order to make operation easier. The operator can guide the manipulator, to the end of which the mold gripper is attached. Such a change using a manipulator is not carried out automatically or without an operator. It should be noted that the design of the changing device as a manipulator can also be used regardless of whether the changing device performs other activities outside of change mode.

[0057] The applicant therefore reserves the right to also claim protection for the design of a changeover device as a so-called manipulator or a component to be operated by humans. Such a manipulator has lower manufacturing costs than a robot.

[0058] It should also be noted that the changing device can also be used for tasks that do not directly concern the forming device, such as cleaning processes on filling elements of a filler.

[0059] In addition, a confined area is usually not required to accommodate this manipulator or robot. Furthermore, the technology for such a manipulator is simpler and more cost-effective, making it suitable, for example, for countries with lower technical standards.

[0060] However, such a manipulator also allows the blow molding equipment to be replaced as a package, meaning, in particular, including all parts of the blow mold. This also enables quick and ergonomic replacement.

[0061] However, the other components of such a changing system, such as the molds, the magazine, the blow molding station, and the actuator, can remain the same. Such a manipulator offers the advantage of being easy to implement and is particularly suitable for customers who require quick changeovers without an automatic changing system.

[0062] To load a magazine with blow molds, for example, an operator can push the molds as a package into the corresponding openings once. Since such a package of molds in a blow mold typically has no handles or similar features, and the three components (mold halves and base) are not fixed to each other, this is generally difficult to accomplish without a suitable tool. For this task, the operator can use a simple tool that replicates the robot's gripper head to grasp the mold package. Secure holding is preferably ensured through a positive and frictional connection.

[0063] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device therefore has a gripping device for gripping the blow molding device, wherein this gripping device is movable in at least two different directions. This gripping device is advantageously pivotable about at least three different axes. It is advantageously pivotable about six axes.

[0064] Preferably, the gripping device is arranged on an arm, which arm is also movable. Advantageously, the gripping device can be automatically separated from this arm. It is also possible for media connections to be automatically separated.

[0065] The invention makes it possible for the changing device to carry out an activity necessary for a next changing process, for example cleaning the blow molds or loading the magazine, in a specific operating mode and in particular during production of the blow molding machine.

[0066] In a further advantageous embodiment, the exchange device comprises at least one treatment device for treating the working element. This can be, for example, a cleaning element, which serves to clean said working element. This cleaning element can, for example, have a nozzle, which serves to apply a cleaning and / or sterilization medium to a surface of the working element. In addition, the treatment device can also comprise a sterilization device, such as an application device, which applies a sterilization medium to the working element, or a radiation device, which exposes the working element to radiation for sterilization.

[0067] Therefore, the above-mentioned operating mode is preferably a production mode of the device. Here, it is proposed that during a working operation of the system, i.e., during an operation in which containers are manufactured, the changing device simultaneously performs other activities.

[0068] In a further advantageous embodiment, the treatment process is selected from a group of treatment processes which includes cleaning processes, maintenance processes, sterilization processes, combinations thereof and the like.

[0069] In a further advantageous embodiment, the working element is selected from a group of working elements that includes blow molds, gripping elements, holding mandrels for holding the containers, stretching rods, blowing nozzles, filling valves, and the like. In a further preferred embodiment, said working element also serves to treat the containers. Thus, it can be one of the above-mentioned working elements that, for example, grips the container or treats it in some other way, such as filling it, stretching it in its longitudinal direction (stretching rod), or the like.

[0070] In a further advantageous embodiment, the treatment device is interchangeable with the gripping device. This means that both the gripping device and the treatment device can be arranged on the same arm. It is possible for the gripping device to be exchanged for the treatment device or vice versa in order to carry out the respective processes. In other words, it is possible for a mold gripper on a robot arm to be exchanged for a treatment device. However, it would be possible for both a mold gripper and a treatment device to be arranged on the robot arm and for these to be exchanged for one another, for example by a specific movement. For example, it is possible for the changing device to deposit a gripping device and connect a work tool to the corresponding interface - preferably independently - in order to carry out this task.

[0071] The blow moulding equipment is preferably cleaned by the changing device.

[0072] In a further preferred embodiment, the changing device places the molds in an assembled state in a cleaning system for cleaning.

[0073] In a further advantageous embodiment, a corresponding cleaning system disassembles the assembled blow molding devices in order to enable cleaning from all sides.

[0074] In a further advantageous embodiment, it is also possible for the gripping device to be connected mechanically, in particular without operator intervention (preferably by means of a form-fitting connection), to the changing device or the robot. Advantageously, media such as compressed air and control signals can be coupled simultaneously during or during this connection.

[0075] It is also possible to use a handling tool designed according to the principle of a smooth gripper for manual loading and unloading of a magazine with the blow molding equipment.

[0076] In a further advantageous embodiment, it is also possible for the changing device to have elements which, when inserting a blow mold and also preferably when removing a blow molding device, preferably automatically couple or decouple media which are necessary for tempering the blow molding device.

[0077] It is possible for the changing device to change a gripper head to connect or disconnect these media.

[0078] In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be possible for media to be coupled or uncoupled into the blow mold carriers by the changing device during an insertion movement of the blow molding device.

[0079] Such couplings are preferably aligned so that the insertion and coupling / uncoupling movements occur essentially parallel to a stretching rod of the device. This facilitates the coupling and uncoupling processes.

[0080] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises an operating device for operating the changing device. This operating device advantageously also comprises a touchscreen and preferably also a robot controller. These devices can preferably be used by multiple machines and are preferably connected to one another via a standardized interface.

[0081] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device is arranged on an arm pivotable about at least one predetermined pivot axis. This increases the mobility of the gripping device.

[0082] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a housing that at least partially surrounds the station support and the blow molding device, and the changing device is preferably arranged outside this housing. This housing also serves, in particular, to protect the operator. However, so that the changing device can also perform other activities during operation, the changing device is preferably arranged outside this housing. The changing device preferably comprises opening and closing devices that can open this housing, in particular to exchange blow molds after a working operation. This preferably makes it possible for the changing device to open and close the machine guard of the blow molding machine, in particular for the mold change cycle.Preferably, this protective area has an opening element which can be gripped by the gripping device of the changing device for opening and closing the protective area.

[0083] For example, a counterpart can be arranged on a door of the protected area, which can be gripped by the gripping device.

[0084] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device also has a protective zone for the changing device. This protective zone can at least partially surround the changing device during the blow mold change and can also surround the changing device at least temporarily outside of the change mode.

[0085] The present invention is further directed to a method for operating a forming device for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers, wherein, during operation of the device, the plastic preforms are transported by means of a plurality of forming stations along a predetermined transport path and are expanded into the plastic containers by exposure to a flowable and, in particular, gaseous medium. Furthermore, blow molding devices are used to expand the plastic preforms, in the interior of which the plastic preforms are expanded into the plastic containers. Furthermore, during alternating operation of the device, at least one of the blow molding devices is removed from the device and / or one of the blow molding devices is arranged on a blow mold carrier of the device.

[0086] Advantageously, a changing device is used to change the blow molding devices, which has a gripping device for gripping the blow molding device. This changing device performs a further treatment process in a further operating mode. This further operating mode is advantageously a working mode of the device in which plastic preforms are also expanded into plastic containers.

[0087] Additionally or alternatively, it would also be possible for the changing device to be designed as a manual changing device, in particular as a manipulator. Using such a manipulator, the user can also perform changing operations manually, as mentioned above, although this requires significantly less force than for a purely manual changing operation.

[0088] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device is designed as described above, wherein, for example, a gripping device of the changing device is preferably at least temporarily replaced by a treatment device for treatment. This replacement is advantageously also carried out automatically.

[0089] Preferably, as mentioned above, the treatment process is a cleaning and / or sterilization process. As mentioned above, not only a blow molding device can be treated, but also other elements such as stretch rods, blow nozzles, filling devices, and the like.

[0090] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device is arranged on an arm pivotable about a predetermined first pivot axis. This arm is also referred to below as the second arm due to its arrangement in the changing device. The gripping device itself can also be pivotably or rotatably arranged on this arm.

[0091] In a further advantageous embodiment, the pivotable (second) arm is arranged on a further arm which can pivot about a predetermined second pivot axis. This further arm is also referred to below as the first arm due to its arrangement in the changing device. The first pivot axis is advantageously not parallel to the second pivot axis and particularly preferably skewed in the mathematical sense. Two degrees of freedom of movement of the gripping device can be achieved using these two axes alone. The gripping device is advantageously arranged pivotably on the second arm. This pivotable arrangement enables a further degree of freedom in movement. The gripping device can advantageously be pivoted about two axes relative to the second arm, for example about an axis which runs in the direction of this arm and also about an axis perpendicular to it.

[0092] Advantageously, the gripping device is arranged on the first arm so as to be pivotable with respect to at least two mutually perpendicular axes.

[0093] Preferably, the gripping device is arranged pivotably with respect to at least four axes, preferably pivotably with respect to at least five pivot axes and preferably pivotably with respect to at least 6 pivot axes.

[0094] Preferably, at least one of these (geometric pivot axes) is stationary. Preferably, this stationary pivot axis is vertically aligned. Preferably, at least one axis is always arranged in a spatially fixed plane, ie regardless of a position of the changing device and / or the gripping device. This spatially fixed plane is preferably a horizontal plane. Preferably, at least two axes are always arranged in a spatially fixed plane, ie regardless of a position of the changing device and / or the gripping device.

[0095] Preferably, at least one pair of axes is present, which are always perpendicular to each other, i.e., regardless of the position of the changing device and / or the gripping device. Preferably, the first arm is movable relative to a (particularly stationary) support with respect to these two pivot axes.

[0096] Preferably, at least one further pair of axes is present, which are always perpendicular to each other, i.e., regardless of the position of the changing device and / or the gripping device. Preferably, the second arm is movable relative to the first arm with respect to these two pivot axes.

[0097] Preferably, at least one further pair of axes is present, which are always perpendicular to each other, i.e., regardless of the position of the changing device and / or the gripping device. Preferably, the gripping device is movable relative to the second arm with respect to these two pivot axes.

[0098] The arrangement of the (geometric) swivel axes described here is particularly suitable for enabling a high degree of freedom of movement of the gripping device.

[0099] Preferably, at least two pivot axes are always parallel to each other, ie independent of a position of the changing device and / or the gripping device

[0100] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device has an engagement means for gripping at least one projection arranged on the blow molding device. Advantageously, the gripping device has two engagement means for gripping two projections arranged on the blow molding device. Such a projection can be arranged on each of two blow mold parts, and the gripping device can engage behind this projection during transport in order to hold the blow molding device together as a whole.

[0101] In a further advantageous embodiment, the second arm is pivotable relative to the first arm about at least two pivot axes. These pivot axes are advantageously perpendicular to each other.

[0102] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device can be connected to the blow molding device in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. This enables secure gripping and transport of the blow molding devices by means of the changing device, while also allowing transport at higher speeds.

[0103] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device has a passive gripping element. This means, in particular, that the blow molding device is not held by an active gripping movement of the gripping element, such as a clamping movement, but rather solely by correctly positioning the gripping element or gripping device relative to the blow molding devices to be transported. In particular, an element of the gripping device can engage behind a section of the blow molding device.

[0104] It is also possible for the gripping device to have a magnetic or magnetizable element to hold the blow molding device. For example, the gripping device could have an electromagnet that can be activated as soon as the gripping device is in a predetermined position relative to the blow molding device. The gripping device could also trigger a magnetic hold between parts of the blow molding device.

[0105] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device comprises a control device that carries out the removal of the blow molding device from the blow mold carriers and / or the arrangement of the blow molding device on the blow mold carriers in a force- and displacement-controlled manner. Detection devices can be provided that detect a movement, in particular of the gripping device, and detection devices for measuring forces can also be provided.

[0106] This control also makes it possible to define one or more reference points on the blow molding station and / or the magazine that can be moved to. In this way, the exact geometric position of the blow molding device can be determined at any time during transport. Furthermore, it is preferred that the gripping device be deflectable in several degrees of freedom, for example in the X, Y, and Z directions, in particular to compensate for positioning inaccuracies. However, it would also be possible for one or more of these degrees of freedom to be blocked electromechanically. In this way, faster operation of the device can be achieved.

[0107] Advantageously, a detection device is provided which can detect the position or a deflection with respect to these degrees of freedom, preferably by querying them electrically, for example.

[0108] In a further advantageous embodiment, the gripping device comprises active elements that establish a positive and frictional connection with the blow molding device. It is possible for the gripping device to establish a positive connection between the two side parts of the blow molding device, and furthermore, preferably, a frictional connection is established between said blow mold halves and the base mold. This second connection with the base mold can be achieved via corresponding engagement elements of the side parts and / or the base mold.

[0109] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device, in particular the gripping device, has centering elements to enable precise positioning of the gripping device on the blow molding device or on the forming station. These centering elements can have insertion bevels, for example conical insertion bevels, with which the gripping device engages with corresponding elements on the forming station during the changeover process or contacts these corresponding elements. These corresponding elements are advantageously arranged on a mold carrier holder. In this way, the gripping device can be positioned relative to the blow molding device to be transported.

[0110] The present invention is further directed to a method for operating a forming device for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers. During operation of the device, the plastic preforms are transported along a predetermined transport path by means of a plurality of forming stations and expanded into the plastic containers by exposure to a flowable and, in particular, a gaseous medium. Furthermore, blow molding devices are used to expand the plastic preforms, within which the plastic preforms are expanded into the plastic containers. Furthermore, in an alternating operation, at least one of the blow molding devices is removed from the device and / or one of the blow molding devices is arranged on a blow mold carrier of the device.

[0111] According to the invention, a preferably automatically operating changing device is used to change the blow molding devices. This changing device has a gripping device for gripping the blow molding device, wherein this gripping device is movable in at least two different directions. The gripping device is preferably pivotable with respect to at least three, preferably with respect to at least four, pivot axes.

[0112] Preferably, a changing device of the type described above is used.

[0113] According to the invention, this changing device has at least one pivotable changing arm and is arranged at least indirectly on the base support. It is therefore proposed to arrange a changing device, in particular in the form of a changing robot, directly in the area of ​​the forming device. Advantageously, this device therefore has a base support, such as a machine frame, on which the station support is also arranged. The changing robot is, in turn, also arranged on this base support, so that it can be integrated into the machine as a whole.

[0114] A substantially indirect arrangement is understood to mean that the changing device can be arranged directly on the base support, but it is also conceivable that the changing device is arranged on a further element, such as an intermediate support, which in turn is arranged on the base support.

[0115] The invention thus proposes integrating the changing device or robot into the machine. Advantageously, the blow molding device is constructed in multiple parts and comprises at least two side parts and a base part. During operation, these three parts form the cavity for expanding the plastic preforms. Advantageously, at least two parts, and particularly preferably all three parts, of this blow molding device are interlockable with one another, so that the blow mold can be removed in its entirety from the machine or from the blow mold carrier. The blow mold carrier is thus suitable for accommodating different blow molding devices. It would be possible for the blow molding device itself to be attached to the blow mold carrier by means of carrier shells.

[0116] Advantageously, the blow mold carriers are movable and, in particular, pivotable relative to one another. During operation, the blow mold carriers can be pivoted apart by a predetermined angle to insert plastic preforms and / or remove finished containers. Larger opening angles are possible, preferably for alternating operation.

[0117] In a further advantageous embodiment, the forming stations each have stretching rods that can be inserted into the plastic preforms during operation to stretch them longitudinally. Advantageously, the individual forming devices also have pressurizing devices, which in particular have blowing nozzles, which, during operation, pressurize the plastic preforms with a flowable, and in particular a gaseous, medium. It would also be possible to replace other parts of the forming stations, such as, in particular, the pressurizing device or blowing nozzles and / or the stretching rods.

[0118] Advantageously, the station support is a rotatable support, such as a blowing wheel. The individual forming stations are preferably arranged on an outer circumference of this rotatable support. This allows the forming stations to move along a circular path during operation.

[0119] Advantageously, the device comprises a drive device for moving the station carrier. This drive device preferably enables both continuous movement of the station carrier and cyclic movement of the station carrier, which thus has rest phases between movements. This type of movement is advantageously adjustable depending on an operating mode. In a working mode, the station carrier is preferably moved continuously, and in an alternating mode, it is preferably moved cyclic. The movement of this station carrier can also be coordinated with the movements of the changing devices. The station carrier is advantageously a blowing wheel.

[0120] The procedure according to the invention enables a fully automatic changing process, in particular by means of an industrial robot. Advantageously, the blow molding device can be locked fully automatically, in particular in alternating operation, or the individual elements of the blow molding devices can be fastened to one another. The changing device is thus preferably suitable for gripping or removing the complete blow molding device, i.e. its at least three components as a whole. Advantageously, after gripping the blow molding device, a corresponding mold locking mechanism can be deactivated. In a further step, the changing device can deposit the mold assembly in a storage device, such as a magazine. The changing device can then insert a new mold assembly or a new blow molding device into a blow mold carrier and (preferably) lock the new blow molding device to the blow mold carrier.

[0121] The station carrier can then be moved one position further to exchange another blow molding device. This allows for a fully automated process without the need for a human operator.

[0122] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a housing that surrounds at least the station support in its circumferential direction. In principle, the entire blow molding device and / or the changing device can be arranged within a housing, whereby this housing can also have a protective function.

[0123] The changing device is preferably integrated directly into the machine and can, for example, be attached to a base frame. In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device can be moved in its entirety within a space enclosed by the housing. In this case, it is possible for the changing device to be fully integrated into the machine during operation and thus, for example, not even be visible from the outside and, in particular, not to interfere with the operation of the forming device. It is possible for a casing of the housing to also serve as a protective device for the changing device or the robot. During operation, the said changing device is therefore preferably arranged within the housing.

[0124] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device comprises a first control device for controlling a removal movement of the blow molding devices and / or a feeding or arrangement movement for arranging the blow molding devices on the blow mold carriers, and the device preferably also comprises a second control device for controlling a blow molding process, wherein the first control device and the second control device interact at least partially and / or at least temporarily. In particular, these two control devices interact during a blow mold changing process. Thus, during a changing process, the same movements that are also necessary during operation can also be used for the changing process, such as, for example, the transport movement of the forming stations, the opening and closing of the blow mold carriers, and the like.

[0125] During the changeover process, the blow mold carriers can also be opened to allow the blow molding device to be removed. For example, the second control device can cause the blow mold carriers to open, and depending on this, the first control device can cause the blow molding devices to be removed. This also enables a fully automatic change of the blow molds. The control of the changeover device preferably interacts with the control device of the forming machine or blow molding machine.

[0126] In a further preferred embodiment, the changing device comprises a first control device for controlling a removal movement of the blow molding devices and / or the arrangement movement for arranging the blow molding device on the blow mold carriers and the device also comprises a second control device for controlling a blowing process, wherein one control device is integrated into the other control device.

[0127] In particular, the control of the changing device is integrated into the control system of the device or blow molding machine. This would make it possible for the changing device to be designed as a module, which can also be integrated into the blow molding machine in terms of control technology, for example after being plugged together or connected. It would also be possible for a changing device to be retrofitted to existing devices. These control devices can be designed in such a way that a protective zone is expanded during changing operation. During operation, the changing device can be in a rest position in which it poses no danger and in which it does not prevent operation of the machine.

[0128] During alternating operation, the switching device is also activated, so that those areas whose entry could potentially be dangerous for the user must be expanded. It is conceivable that, during alternating operation, modified protection areas may also be blocked off or at least made visible to the user.

[0129] It would be possible for additional protective elements to be activated during alternating operation, thereby increasing the safety of the operator.

[0130] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device has at least one gripping device for gripping the blow molding devices. This can be a gripping device that grips the blow molding device in its entirety. It would be possible for media and / or electrical signals required by the gripping device to be routed through areas of the changing devices, such as axes or pivot arms. It would also be possible for such connections to be routed via rotary unions, for example, on the axes of the changing devices.

[0131] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device has at least one detection device for detecting at least one force acting on an element of the changing device. In particular, external forces can act, for example, on a changing arm that removes the blow molding devices. In particular, the above-mentioned control device can be designed such that it can react to external forces, for example during defined operations such as setting down or picking up a blow molding device, the changing device can deviate from a desired position (soft float). In general, this is a detection device that can react to physical influences or can detect such influences, such as torque, forces, impulses or the like. In this way, a rapid reaction of the changing device is possible.

[0132] Preferably, however, the changing device moves within a limited working area. This means that, in particular, the removal and feeding movement for the blow molding devices also takes place within a limited working area. In response to the external forces mentioned above, a position may deviate from this working area. Otherwise, however, this defined working area is preferably maintained, especially during a mold change.

[0133] It is advantageous to limit the working area of ​​the changeover device for safety reasons, especially mechanically. Such a limitation could be achieved through various measures, such as light barriers that detect incorrect or excessive movement of the changeover device and subsequently trigger either a reversal or an emergency stop of the changeover device. In addition, the working area could also be limited by mechanical elements, such as stops.

[0134] In addition, it is also preferably possible for a working area of ​​the changing device to be checked for safety, electrical, or control-related aspects. In particular, it is possible for this working area to be (further) restricted from a maximum possible working area.

[0135] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device has serial and / or parallel kinematics with at least three axes of movement. Advantageously, the changing device has serial and / or parallel kinematics with more than three axes of movement. This allows for a very high degree of freedom of movement of the changing device or a gripping element of the changing device. Therefore, depending on the actual conditions, the blow molding devices can be removed from or added to their blow mold carriers in different ways.

[0136] It is possible for the device to have an operating device to control the changing device or gripper arm. This could, for example, be a handheld control unit. However, it would also be possible for the changing device to be controlled via devices such as smartphones.

[0137] Control by such an operating device is particularly advantageous during setup operation, i.e. when adding new blow molding devices.

[0138] The present invention is further directed to a method for operating a forming device for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers. During operation of the device, the plastic preforms are transported along a predetermined transport path by means of a plurality of forming stations and expanded into the plastic containers by exposure to a flowable and, in particular, gaseous medium. Furthermore, blow molding devices are used to expand the plastic preforms, within which the plastic preforms are expanded into the plastic containers. In an alternating operation, at least one of the blow molding devices is removed from the device and / or one of the blow molding devices is arranged on a blow mold carrier of the device.

[0139] Advantageously, a changing device arranged on the device is used to change the blow molding devices. Therefore, it is also proposed in the process that such blow mold changes be carried out using a changing robot arranged on the device or integrated into it.

[0140] In a further preferred method, the forming stations are transported along a circulating transport path during operation, and in the alternating operation, the blow molding devices are removed at a predetermined, fixed position relative to the circulating transport path of the respective forming station whose blow molding device is to be removed. It is therefore proposed that the forming stations rotate during operation, as is known per se in the prior art. For the individual changing process, however, it is proposed that this takes place at at least one precisely defined station, which in particular also lies within an effective range of the changing device. In other words, the removal position on a blow molding wheel is advantageously always identical. In this case, it is possible for the changing device to align itself during production or operation in such a way that it lies within a blow molding machine protection area orhousing can be arranged.

[0141] With regard to the control device, it is conceivable that it controls the movement sequence of the changing device or the robot via two independent coordinate systems. Preferably, one coordinate system is located at the removal or insertion position of the blow molding device to the forming station or the blow mold carriers. Another coordinate system can be located in the area of ​​a receiving device or a magazine in which the blow molding devices are stored.

[0142] However, it is possible for the positions of the receiving points of the blow molding devices on the receiving device or the magazine to remain unchanged relative to its coordinate system, independent of the receiving device, and / or for the positions of the receiving points to be equidistant from this coordinate system. In this case, it is possible for a display device, such as in particular an input screen, to be provided on the changing device. This can be used to change certain values ​​of the coordinate systems, in particular the X, Y, and Z values ​​of the coordinate systems. In addition, a further input device, such as an input screen, can preferably be arranged on the changing device, which preferably interacts with an input device of the blow molding machine.

[0143] There are several possibilities for removing and feeding the blow molding equipment.

[0144] It would be conceivable that all blow molding equipment would first be removed from the individual mold carriers, i.e., the individual forming stations, and placed into an empty magazine or storage system. This storage system containing the old molds would then be replaced by a full storage system containing new blow molding equipment to be exchanged. All new molds would then be placed into the blow mold carriers. The storage systems could be changed, for example, using a pallet truck or turntables, similar to a pallet change on machine tools. In this case, the blow mold carrier would advantageously perform two complete revolutions for a complete change.

[0145] In another possible changeover process, a magazine contains an empty space. First, a new mold is placed from a mold location into this empty space. Then, an old mold is placed from the mold carrier into the said mold location. In a further step, a new mold is transferred from the magazine to the mold carrier. Subsequently, a second new mold is placed in the empty space, and so on until the entire changeover is complete. Intermediate storage in an empty space ensures that a specific blow molding device is returned to a specific storage location or a specific blow mold carrier. Advantageously, the said empty space is located between the blow mold carrier and the storage system and preferably on or in the storage system itself.

[0146] Advantageously, the removal of the blow molding device and / or the addition of new blow molding devices takes place in a cyclic operation. This means that the individual change of the blow molding device takes place while the forming station is at a standstill. The changing device can deposit a specific blow molding device in a magazine, while the forming device itself can move forward one station, i.e., the blowing wheel rotates one position. For inserting and removing the blow molding devices, a radial direction relative to the transport path is advantageously used. As mentioned above, it is also possible to park or set down the blow molding device in an intermediate station. A vertical movement is preferably used for this purpose.

[0147] In terms of the process, it is possible for the gripping device of the changeover device to positively grip the blow molding device in order to transport it or remove it from the device. Advantageously, the gripping device of the changeover device engages the blow molding device with a force fit.

[0148] In a further advantageous embodiment, the removal and / or depositing of the blow molding device is carried out in a path- and / or force-controlled manner and preferably both path- and force-controlled.

[0149] Within the scope of the control system, it is possible for the changing device to move to at least one defined reference point on the forming station or the receiving or blow mold carriers and / or preferably also at least one defined reference point at a storage location, such as a magazine. In this way, said points can be transferred to the control system of the changing device, whereby the exact positions of the mold receiving or blow mold carrier and also of the magazine or storage device can be determined. It is preferably possible for said reference points to be moved to after each exchange of a magazine device or also in the event of malfunctions, such as power failures, in order to be transferred to the control system.

[0150] It is possible for the reference points determined in this way to be saved and / or compared with reference points stored in the controller or a storage device of the controller. If a deviation occurs between the determined reference point and the previously saved reference point, particularly if it exceeds a predetermined value, an error message or a warning can be generated.

[0151] In a further advantageous embodiment, the changing device comprises an image recording device, such as a camera or the like. This camera device makes it possible to capture the precise pick-up and drop-off points for the blow-molding devices.

[0152] In this context, it is conceivable that the blow molding devices and / or the blow mold carrier and / or the magazine device each contain an identification to ensure the assignment between the blow molding devices and the respective blow molding station. This ensures that a specific blow molding device removed from a specific forming station is assigned to the same forming station upon subsequent changeover. This would make it possible for each receiving magazine to be assigned a unique identifier.

[0153] These markings can be, for example, barcodes, QR codes, RFID tags, and the like. It is advantageous for this marking to be read contactlessly. The marking, or a value characteristic of this marking, is advantageously transferred to the machine's control system.

[0154] Another possible approach is to reread the respective markings after each magazine change or in the event of a machine failure. This ensures reliable assignment even under exceptional circumstances.

[0155] A receiving device or magazine for the blow molding devices is described below. This receiving device can be arranged in a suitable position for a mold change, for example next to the forming device. The magazine or receiving device can have insertion areas via which the blow molding devices can be placed into the magazine or the receiving devices. These insertion areas can be conical to enable secure insertion of the blow molding devices. Advantageously, the blow molding device or the mold package is inserted essentially vertically into the magazine. Particularly preferably, the blow molding device can be placed in cylindrical openings in the magazine or the receiving device. The magazine itself can be arranged - in particular with a form-fitting fit - in this receiving device.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment, this magazine device can have elastic elements, particularly in the region of the cylindrical openings, for inserting the blow molding devices in order to be able to compensate for tolerances.

[0157] In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be possible for the magazine or receiving device and / or the blow-molding device to be equipped with insertion areas, and in particular with conical insertion areas, in the areas in which the blow-molding device comes into contact with the cylindrical openings of the magazine device.

[0158] In a further advantageous embodiment, as mentioned above, the magazine or receiving device has a plurality of openings for receiving the individual blow molding devices. These openings are advantageously cylindrical. Particularly preferably, these openings in the magazine devices are made of plastic, at least in some areas.

[0159] It is possible for these openings to be arranged in several rows, with two adjacent rows, for example, being offset from each other. This allows the packing density of the blow molding devices to be increased.

[0160] In a further advantageous embodiment, the position of the blow molding device within the receiving device is lower than the position of the blow molding device in the blow mold carrier. This allows the blow molding device to be lowered downwards during disassembly.

[0161] In a further advantageous embodiment, the magazine has a polygonal and preferably rectangular outer contour, with the longitudinal side of this outer contour preferably being arranged substantially perpendicular to an imaginary radial connecting line between a pitch circle center and the blow mold carriers. In this way, the magazine device can be very easily reached by the changing device or an arm of the changing device.

[0162] The design of the blow molding device is described below. It is conceivable that, for unlocking the blow molding devices on a mold carrier or a mold carrier shell, or for unlocking a base part of the blow molding device, the assembly, i.e., in particular, the side parts and the base part, are mechanically connected to one another. However, a magnetic connection could also be considered.

[0163] Such a fixing mechanism, which connects the individual blow mold parts to one another, is advantageously designed in such a way that it exerts or exerts a force only in one tensile direction and has a certain degree of radial flexibility to compensate for tolerances. Advantageously, a projection, a cam, or the like can be provided on the parts of the blow molding devices, such as the blow mold halves, which can be engaged behind by an element of the gripping device or into which the gripping device can retract.

[0164] In a further advantageous embodiment, the projections or cams associated with a gripping device are advantageously arranged radially within the pitch circle defined by the container center. This ensures that these cams cannot come into contact with clamps, for example, of an infeed and outfeed starwheel, even during operation.

[0165] In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be possible to have a positive connection between the two mold shells and a base mold of the blow molding device, which prevents the base mold from twisting relative to the side parts or mold shells. It would also be possible for the base mold to be mechanically connected to the mold halves before the changeover process.

[0166] To simplify the loading and unloading process, it would be possible for a rotation axis of the blow molding device to run essentially parallel to the axis of the mold carrier or to a rotation axis of the blowing wheel during loading and unloading (of the plastic containers).

[0167] In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be possible for a protective area of ​​the blow molding machine to be automatically separated from a storage area of ​​the blow molds or blow molding devices during production. Such a separation can be carried out automatically at the beginning or start of a mold change process—in particular automatically.

[0168] The protection zones can be modified so that a machine operator can access an area of ​​the mold storage area during production of the device or during operation. For example, it would be conceivable for an electromechanical unit to secure the position of a forming station relative to the changing device, preferably by positive and / or force locking, after positioning the blowing wheel.

[0169] Furthermore, it would also be conceivable for the robot to place the blow molding unit or the mold package from an intermediate position into the magazine while the blowing wheel moves one cycle forward or brings a subsequent forming station into a changeover position. In addition, the general procedure for changing a blow molding unit could involve moving to an intermediate station where the blow molding unit is temporarily parked or deposited. In this case, the holding device does not need to be designed as a double gripper, and station-specific allocation of the molds in a storage device such as a magazine is still possible.

[0170] As already mentioned above, it can be advantageous if the opening movements of the blow mold carrier and the base in a changeover position for the blow molding device differ from those during operation. This can be advantageous, for example, with a non-coupled mold carrier control. It would also be possible for a blow mold carrier of the adjacent station, which is leading or lagging in the blow molding device changeover position, to also be partially pivoted away in order to allow a larger opening angle for the forming station in the changeover position.

[0171] Furthermore, it would be possible for a locking mechanism for the shell molds and the base molds to exhibit a progressive characteristic during a clamping cycle. At the beginning of such a clamping cycle, a large stroke can be applied with a low force to bridge the largest possible gaps during retraction. Towards the end of the clamping cycle, a large force is preferably applied with only a small stroke.

[0172] In a further advantageous method, the changing position of the blow molding station and / or the magazine and / or any intermediate position in which the blow molding devices are temporarily positioned is located in a predetermined circumferential area of ​​an effective circle of the changing device, preferably in a area of ​​270° of the effective circle, preferably in a area of ​​220° of the effective circle and particularly preferably in a area of ​​180° of the effective circle.

[0173] In a further advantageous method, the changing device or the changing robot performs a radial movement relative to the pitch circle of the device when removing and / or placing the blow molding device from the stations or on the blow mold carriers. This can be a purely radial movement, but it is also conceivable for it to be a movement with a radial component.

[0174] In a further advantageous method, the changing device or the changing robot performs a substantially vertical movement when removing and / or placing the blow molding device from the stations or on the blow mold carriers. "Substantially" means that the direction of movement deviates from the exact vertical direction by no more than 20°, preferably by no more than 10°, and particularly preferably by no more than 5°.

[0175] Further advantages and embodiments can be seen from the attached drawings:

[0176] Showing: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a plant for producing beverage containers; Fig. 2 a detailed view of a robot arm; Fig. 3 the representation from Figure 2 with removed gripping device; Fig. 4 a representation of a changing device with two gripping elements; Fig. 5 a further representation of a system according to the invention; Fig. 6 a representation of a changing device with a magazine; Fig. 7 a detailed representation of a heating device for heating plastic preforms; Fig. 8 two representations for exchanging heating mandrels; Fig. 9 two representations for exchanging shielding elements; Fig. 10 a representation of a gripping device; Fig. 11 the gripping device from Figure 10with a further perspective; Fig. 12 - 14 three representations of a gripping device; Fig. 15 a representation illustrating the changing process of the heating device; Fig. 16 a representation of a magazine device; Fig. 17 a representation illustrating a changing process; Fig. 18 a representation of a further advantageous arrangement; and Fig. 19 a representation of a further advantageous arrangement.

[0177] Figure 1 shows a representation of a system 100 according to the invention for producing plastic containers. This system has a heating device 50, which in turn has a transport device 49 for transporting the plastic preforms 10. This transport device can be a circulating transport chain on which a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms, such as holding mandrels (not shown), are arranged.

[0178] Reference numeral 1 denotes a forming device for forming the plastic preforms into the plastic containers. This forming device is, in particular, a so-called stretch blow molding machine. Thus, this forming device preferably also comprises a pressurizing device for applying a gaseous medium, in particular blown air, to the plastic preforms. Furthermore, the device preferably also comprises a stretching rod for stretching the plastic preforms in their longitudinal direction.

[0179] Reference numeral 2 refers to a transport device for transporting the plastic preforms. This transport device comprises a station carrier 12 on which a plurality of forming stations 8 are arranged. This station carrier is a so-called blowing wheel, on which the individual forming stations 8 are arranged, in particular, on its outer circumference. The individual forming stations 8 each have blow mold carriers 16, on which, in turn, blow molding devices 14 are arranged (shown only schematically).

[0180] The reference numeral 40 denotes a changing device which serves to change the blow moulding devices 14. This changing device 40 has a changing arm 54 which, however, Figure 1 shown in two different positions. In the horizontal position shown here, the change arm is suitable for changing the blow molding equipment. In the Figure 1 In the vertical illustration shown, the changing arm is suitable for changing elements of the heating device, such as the heating mandrels.

[0181] Reference numeral 70 designates a first magazine device into which elements of the heating device can be stored. Reference numeral 71 designates a second magazine device into which elements of the forming device, such as in particular the blow molding devices, can be stored.

[0182] At the Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the changing device used for changing the blow molds in the device 1 is also used for changing, for example, heating mandrels and shielding plates in the heating device 50. In this way, the existing changing device can continue to be used and utilized more effectively.

[0183] This means that a changing device 40 or a robot preferably takes over the complete change of the sets.

[0184] The changing device 40 is fixedly arranged between the heating device 50 and the forming device 1 and can reach both machine modules with the changing arm 54. Preferably, the changing arm is equipped with an interchangeable treatment head 51, 53, which allows the handling device or gripping element to be changed and deposited independently. In this embodiment, at least one treatment head is provided for the heating device and at least one treatment head for the forming device.

[0185] Figures 2 and 3show an example of such an interchangeable treatment head. A support 85 is arranged on the exchange arm 54 via a pivot joint 83, and the treatment head 51 is arranged on this support 85 in a replaceable manner. Reference numeral 87 denotes a motor with which a rotational or pivoting movement of the treatment head 51 or 53 can be achieved. As shown in Figure 3 As shown, the treatment head or the interchangeable element 51 can be detached from the carrier 85 and thus also from the arm 54. Reference numeral 52 denotes a gripping device.

[0186] At the Fig. 2 The illustration shown is a treatment device or a handling element which serves to change elements of the heating device 50, such as the holding mandrels or the shielding elements.

[0187] Furthermore, it would also be possible for such treatment heads, including their media couplings for pneumatics or hydraulics or for the control and power supply, to be independently deposited and coupled by the exchange arm.

[0188] At the Fig. 3In the situation shown, the treatment head or the interchangeable element 51 is removed from its carrier. Reference numerals 51a and 51b refer to connecting elements via which, for example, a hydraulic or pneumatic or even an electrical connection can be established. These connecting elements 51a,b are preferably designed such that the treatment head can be arranged on the carrier 85 and / or detached from this carrier by a linear relative movement in the direction X. In addition, locking elements (not shown) can be provided, which enable the treatment head to be locked to the carrier 85.

[0189] Figure 4shows an example of a combined treatment device. Here, two interchangeable elements 51 and 53 are provided, which are arranged together on the arm 54. For example, the interchangeable element 53 or the treatment head 53 can be used for changing the blow mold, and the treatment element 51 can be used for changing the heating mandrels. This has the advantage that the treatment heads 51 and 53 on the robot arm 54 do not need to be exchanged.

[0190] Figure 5schematically shows another arrangement 100 for producing plastic containers. In this embodiment, the changing device 40 is arranged movably, for example, on a freely movable carriage or on rails. In this way, the changing device 40 can be used both for the heating device 50 and for the forming device 1, and possibly even for downstream units, such as a filling device 120. In this way, it would even be possible to use the changing device for an entire system.

[0191] As mentioned, it is possible for the changing device to be mounted not on a flexibly movable carriage, but on a fixed rail or guide system. This guide system allows the changing device to be moved to defined locations along defined paths. In this way, a central area for storing the clothing parts, i.e. a clothing warehouse, can be created. In this case, the changing device always fetches the clothing sets required for the respective change onto its carriage and preferably buffers them temporarily. This eliminates the need for space-consuming clothing magazines on the machines on site, although such clothing magazines often have the disadvantage that they obstruct access to the machine.In general, the changing device preferably has a magazine for receiving elements of the forming device and / or elements of the heating device, which is at least temporarily coupled to the changing device and can thus be moved together with it.

[0192] Figure 6shows an example of a changing device 40. Here, the changing device 40 is again provided, for example, stationary. This can engage in the area of ​​a heating device 50 and, for example, take over heating mandrels. These parts can be stored in a magazine 70. For example, it is possible for the changing device 40 to attach a treatment head attached to the robot arm to a heating mandrel and a shielding plate in a rear area of ​​the heating device (in order to change them). Reference numeral 56 denotes another arm of the changing device, on which the arm 54 (pivotable or generally movable) is arranged.

[0193] Figure 7shows a more detailed representation of a changeover area of ​​a heating device 50. This heating device has a plurality of supports 92, each of which has heating mandrels 96 arranged thereon. Reference numeral 98 refers to shielding elements, such as shielding plates, which are also removable from the support 92. The release of the shielding plates can be initiated by means of a release device 90.

[0194] Figure 8 shows the respective heating mandrels 96, which are detachably attached to the corresponding base bodies 94. In the right-hand Figure 8 In the illustration shown, the heating mandrel 96 has just been removed.

[0195] Figure 9shows the detachment of a shielding element 98, such as a shielding plate (also from the carrier 92). It is possible that a device fixedly arranged in the heating device for the heating mandrel 96 and the shielding plate 98 also ensures the unlocking of the accessories. The opening movements can be initiated, for example, via pneumatic cylinders. The accessories can then be picked up by the handling of the changing device and reinserted.

[0196] The Figures 10 and 11show a treatment device 51 and 53, respectively. These treatment devices or the treatment heads are constructed in such a way that they can simultaneously accommodate at least two shielding plates 98 and also at least two heating mandrels 96. These treatment heads are preferably constructed mirror-symmetrically. In this way, the changing device can be pivoted 180° after removing a set of fittings A in order to exchange or attach a set of fittings B. Figure 11 A drive device 95 is also shown, which enables this pivoting or rotating movement of the treatment head 53.

[0197] The Figures 12 - 14show three representations of such a treatment head 53. This treatment head has a base support 91, which—as mentioned above—can be pivoted through 180° by a drive 95. The sets to be replaced can be arranged on either side of this head. Clamping mechanisms can be provided which temporarily hold, for example, the shielding plates 98 and the mandrels 96 for the purpose of transport. These are advantageously active holding elements, meaning that engagement with the components to be replaced can be loosened or locked.

[0198] Reference numeral 103 denotes an engagement element movable relative to the base support, by means of which a hold can be established with the shielding elements and / or the heating mandrels 96. This engagement element can be moved by means of pneumatic, hydraulic, and / or electric drive devices.

[0199] Figure 15shows a further illustration illustrating a change of clothing parts of the heating device 50. In this case, the changing device 40 is arranged in a protective housing 80. In addition, a clothing magazine 70 is used as a magazine, which itself has a transport device 75 for transporting the clothing parts. The advantage of such a clothing magazine over a fixed storage system is that the storage location in the room can always be the same, thus avoiding unnecessarily long travel distances and travel times.

[0200] Figure 16 shows a detailed view of this clothing magazine 70. This clothing magazine is preferably capable of arranging at least two heating mandrels and also at least two shielding plates on each magazine section. This facilitates the exchange of the clothing parts. Reference numerals 97 designate carriers for the respective clothing parts.

[0201] Figure 17 shows a diagram illustrating a fitting change. Here, the change arm 54 is moved upwards essentially vertically (see double arrow Y) using the respective joints to replace the fitting parts, here heating mandrels 96 and shielding plates 98. It is possible to first remove the existing fitting parts 96 and 98, then rotate the change element 53 by 180° to immediately arrange the new fitting parts on the heating device 50.

[0202] Figure 18 shows a rough schematic representation of a system 1 according to the invention. Here, a blow molding machine 1 is again provided, but next to it, however, another treatment device 110, here in the form of a labeling machine, is also provided. A filling device 120 is also provided. The changeover device 40 can be moved between the devices 1, 110, and 120 in order to perform treatment tasks there.

[0203] The reference number 140 refers to a clothing storage in which, for example, different clothing parts such as gripping elements or holding mandrels can be stored.

[0204] At the Figure 19 In the situation shown, the changing device 40 is movable between a first device 1 for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers and a second device 1 for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers in order to carry out changing processes or other treatment processes alternatively on these two devices. List of reference symbols

[0205] 1Device for forming plastic preforms 2Transport device 8Forming station 10Plastic preforms 12Station carrier 14Blow molding device 16Blow mold carrier 40Change device 49Transport device of the heating device 50Heating device 51, 53Treatment head 51a, 51bConnecting elements 54, 56Arm 70, 71Magazine 75Transport device of the magazine 70 80Protective housing 85Carrier 87Drive, motor 90Release device 92Carrier 94Base body 95Drive device 96Heating mandrel 97Carrier 98Shielding element 100System 103Gripping element 110Labeling machine 120Filling device 140Storage device, clothing storage A, B, clothing sets X, Y directions

Claims

1. Container treatment plant with - a plant (100) for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers, with a heating device (50) for heating the plastic preforms (10), wherein said heating device (50) has a transport device (49) for transporting the plastic preforms (10) with a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms (10), with an apparatus (1) for forming the plastic preforms (10) into the plastic containers, which is arranged in the transport direction of the plastic preforms (10) after the heating device (50), wherein the apparatus (1) has a transport device (2) which transports the plastic preforms (10) along a predetermined transport path, and wherein the transport device (2) has a movable station carrier (12) arranged at least indirectly on a stationary base carrier (6), on which a plurality of forming stations (8) are arranged, wherein these forming stations (8) each comprising blow molding devices (14) which each form cavities within which the plastic preforms (10) can be formed into the plastic containers, and these blow molding devices (14) are each arranged on blow molding carriers (16), wherein the apparatus (1) has a changing device (40) which is suitable and intended to at least remove the blow molding devices (14) from their blow molding carriers (16) and / or arrange blow molding devices on the blow molding carriers (16), wherein the changing device (40) is movable in its entirety relative to the heating device (50) and the apparatus (1) for forming, - wherein this changing device (40) has at least one pivotable changing arm (54, 56), - and wherein this changing device (40) is further suitable and intended to remove at least one changeable element (96, 98) of the heating device from the heating device and / or to arrange the changeable element on this heating device (40), and with - a further treatment device for treating containers, wherein the treatment plant comprises an changing device (40) which is suitable and intended for changing at least one consumable material or at least one fitting part of this further treatment device, and further wherein the container treatment plant thus comprising at least two treatment plants, for example two blow molding machines, or also a blow molding machine and a filler or also an oven and a blow molding machine connected downstream thereof, so that the use of several changing devices or robots on the container treatment plant or the use of a robot that performs tasks on several treatment devices is possible, and further wherein these changing devices (40) communicate with each other in an entire line or plant via a higher-level control system, and it is thus possible to use the same changing device (40) described above to carry out processes on different plants and parts.

2. Container treatment plant according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the further treatment device is selected from a group of treatment devices which include manufacturing devices for manufacturing plastic preforms, filling devices for filling containers, labeling devices for labeling containers, grouping devices for producing container groups, packaging devices for packaging several containers, sealing devices for sealing containers, combinations thereof, and the like.

3. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container treatment plant has at least one storage device (140) for storing fittings and / or consumables.

4. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the changing device (40) is guided on rails and is thus movable between predetermined areas of the heating device (40) and the forming stations (8).

5. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the changing device (40) is suitable and intended to perform a treatment process, such as a cleaning process, on at least one working element predetermined for the apparatus during a further operating mode which differs from the changing mode.

6. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components to be changed can be stored in a magazine device (70), wherein the magazine device (70) is such that it allows separate storage of the individual changing elements.

7. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the changing device (40) is a fully automatic robot.

8. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the changing arm (54, 56) can be moved both into a first changing position, in which it can grip blow molding devices, and into a second changing position, in which it can grip the changeable element of the heating device (50).

9. Container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the changing device (40) has at least one gripping device (52) for gripping the blow molding devices (14).

10. Container treatment plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the gripping device (52) is arranged in an changeable manner on the changing arm.

11. Method for manufacturing plastic containers using a container treatment plant according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein plastic preforms (10) are heated by a heating device (50) and the plastic preforms are transported during their heating by a transport device (49), wherein said transport device (49) has a plurality of holding elements for holding the plastic preforms (10) and wherein the plastic preforms (10), after being heated, are expanded by an apparatus (1) for forming and are formed into the plastic containers, wherein said apparatus (1) comprising a transport device (2) which transports the plastic preforms (10) along a predetermined transport path, and wherein the transport device (2) has a movable station carrier (12) arranged at least indirectly on a stationary base carrier (6), on which a plurality of forming stations (8) are arranged, wherein these forming stations (8) each comprising blow molding devices (14) which each form cavities within which the plastic preforms (10) are formed into the plastic containers, wherein these blow molding devices are each arranged on blow molding carriers (16), wherein at least temporarily, a changing device (40) removes the blow molding devices from their blow molding carriers (16) and / or arranges blow molding devices on the blow molding carriers (16), and wherein this changing device (40) at least temporarily removes at least one changeable element (96, 98) of the heating device (50) from the heating device (50) or arranges it on this heating device (40).