Roof covering element, solar roof covering element, arrangement of solar roof covering elements and manufacturing method for a solar roof covering element

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a roof covering element, a solar roof covering element, an arrangement of solar roof covering elements and a manufacturing method for a solar roof covering element State of the art

[0002] Solar roof covering elements are known in the prior art. These consist of a flat base body formed, for example, by a roof tile or a roof slab, a solar module made of silicon-based solar cells, and a glass pane or plastic layer forming the weather-resistant roof covering. The advantage of using such solar roof covering elements, which directly form the roof covering, to create a solar roof system is their structurally simple and aesthetically pleasing integration into the existing roof structure without the need for separate support systems or elements.

[0003] Practical difficulties exist with regard to ensuring sufficiently reliable and standard-compliant contacting and wiring of the electrical components when implementing a cost-effective, large-scale production process and enabling simple and cost-effective roof installation.

[0004] DE 10 2012 008 852 A1 and WO 2013 / 167110 A1, which claims priority therefrom, disclose a roof tile with a plate-shaped base body made of cast material and a solar module arranged thereon, wherein the base body has at least two holes through which cables are guided. Electrical cables are guided through the holes in the base body, which are preferably already provided with contacts before the leadthrough and which are connected to the solar matrix of the solar module. A specific design or method of producing this connection is not proposed by DE 10 2012 008 852 A1 or WO 2013 / 167110 A1. To produce an arrangement of several roof tiles, it is proposed that these be connected to one another via a parallel circuit, whereby simple plug contacts can be used.

[0005] DE 197 04 255 A1 discloses a solar roof tile consisting of a roof tile and interconnected solar cells recessed within the roof tile, with connecting contacts whose water vapor-tight contact is established on the back of the roof tile. For this purpose, two contact wires extending from the solar cells extend into a through-hole in the roof tile. Permanent contact with the wires is enabled from the back of the roof tile by means of a connector or contact block. With regard to the implementation of a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process, the contact disclosed in DE 197 04 255 A1 is disadvantageous in that the insertion of relatively thin, dimensionally unstable contact wires into corresponding receptacles of the connector or contact block attached to the back of the roof tile or partially inserted into the hole must be ensured within the through-hole.The manufacture of such a connector requires a high degree of manufacturing precision to ensure a secure connection to the plug or contact block without bending the contact wires. In automated production, this requires high positioning precision in the approach paths and simultaneously limits the possible production speed. Furthermore, the design as a purely physical connector has the disadvantage that even small manufacturing tolerances can lead to defects in the connector or its resilience and durability. In particular, high temperatures in summer due to strong sunlight and high loads can lead to significant material aging and subsequent connector failures. This can result in high contact resistance in the connectors, which can lead to cable damage or smoldering fires.

[0006] WO 2013 / 046195 A1 or document US 2014 / 041715 A1 discloses a composite insulation panel with a photovoltaic module arranged on an upper side of the composite insulation panel, comprising a flat base body and an opening perpendicular to its base surface. Two electrical lines are guided from the underside through the opening in a common plug-in socket. The plug-in socket is attached to the underside of the base body by screwing or gluing. A separate connection socket with contact means is pressed into the opening on the upper side of the base body, and the contact means of the connection socket are each connected to the lines of the plug-in socket by plug connections.The design comprises a relatively large number of separate components and requires the creation of a wiring connection within the opening as part of the manufacturing process, which necessitates a correspondingly high level of manufacturing precision for both the individual components and the manufacturing process itself. The attachment of the separate components and the separate creation of the electrical connection require a relatively complex and expensive manufacturing process. Disclosure of the invention

[0007] The invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages described. In particular, a roof covering element and a solar roof covering element for a solar roof system are to be provided that can be manufactured using a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process and that enable simple and cost-effective roof installation.

[0008] The core of the invention is a roof covering element with a flat base body, the upper side of which has a receiving surface for a solar module and which has an opening or bore running perpendicular to its base surface, through which at least two electrical lines are guided together and in which the lines end on the upper side of the base body in the region of the receiving surface as contact means which are held in a common flat connection base or are guided in an axially movable manner, wherein the electrical lines are guided in a common plug-in base from the underside through the opening or bore and the plug-in base is held on the underside of the base body in a form-fitting manner in the axial insertion direction by an insertion flange and on the upper side of the base body against its axial insertion direction in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner by a locking means and forms the connection base on the upper side of the base body.For the purposes of the invention, a base body is understood to mean any flat structural element with which a sufficiently stable roof covering can be produced and which can be designed with a receiving surface for a solar module, for example roof tiles, roof stones or shingles made of clay, stone, concrete, cement, metal, glass, bitumen, plastic, wood or an organic or inorganic fiber composite material. For the purposes of the invention, “flat” means that the base body has a greater area in terms of surface area than in height. For the purposes of the invention, a support surface is understood to be an area on the top side of the base body whose length and width can be defined, on which a solar module can be arranged and mounted. The surface of the base body can be flat or curved in the area of ​​the support surface, for example in the case of a tile-shaped base body with a wave profile.For the purposes of the invention, a solar module is understood to mean all electrical components with which sunlight can be directly converted into electrical energy, in particular photovoltaic modules consisting of one or more silicon or thin-film solar cells. The solar module can be designed as a component with a flat body, for example a plate-shaped cuboid, but also as a body with curved surfaces, e.g. a wave profile. The electrical cables serve to transport electrical energy and, if necessary, also to transmit signals. They can be designed either as a common multi-core cable or as a bundle of several single-core cables. The cables form at least two contact means in the connection base, which represent the two electrical poles required to establish a current flow.The base body is easy to manufacture with a single opening or bore running perpendicular to its base surface. Since all electrical connections are arranged on the top side of the base body in a common flat connection base as a contact means, simple electrical connection to a solar module positioned on the support surface is possible using a cost-effective, large-scale production process. According to the invention, the electrical lines are guided in a common plug-in base from the bottom side through the opening or bore, wherein the plug-in base is held on the underside of the base body in a form-fitting manner in the axial insertion direction by a plug-in flange and on the top side of the base body against its axial insertion direction by a locking means in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, forming the connection base on the top side of the base body.The plug-in base and the connection base are designed as a single component or as a prefabricated component assembly. This allows for the electrical cables to be routed through the base body easily and securely during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, this allows for the roofing element to be manufactured with relatively large manufacturing tolerances, for example, in the dimensioning of the opening or bore, since the plug-in base and the connection base are held securely in place by the plug-in flange located on the underside of the base body and the locking device located on the top of the base body.

[0009] To seal the electrical connection against moisture penetration from the underside of the base body, a sealing element is arranged between the plug-in flange and the underside of the base body. The sealing element can be a hardening or permanently elastic material, such as rubber, silicone, or an elastomer.

[0010] In a simple design variant, the plug-in flange is held on the top side of the base body by a clamp or a snap ring as a locking device.

[0011] In a robust design variant, the locking means is a hollow element formed with a retaining flange on the top side of the base body that acts against the axial insertion direction of the plug-in base. It engages a corresponding outer slot of the plug-in base with an inner slot, either positively or with a positive and non-positive fit. This enables the plug-in base to be locked by placing the hollow element against the axial insertion direction of the plug-in base.

[0012] For a structurally simple, form-fitting connection, the hollow element is an outer sleeve that engages a corresponding plug-in section of the plug-in base with a screw connection or a plug-and-turn connection (bayonet lock). The plug-in base is locked by placing the hollow element against the axial insertion direction of the plug-in base in a screwing or plug-and-turn motion.

[0013] For a structurally simple, form-fitting and force-locking connection, the hollow element consists of an outer sleeve slotted in the axial insertion direction, which engages with a corresponding insertion section of the plug-in base in a locking manner. The plug-in base is locked by placing the hollow element against the axial insertion direction of the plug-in base in a plug-in movement, whereby the outer sleeve engages the insertion section.

[0014] To seal the electrical connection against moisture that may penetrate between the top of the base body and the bottom of a solar module that can be arranged on it, a sealing element is arranged on the top of the holding flange.

[0015] A simple mechanical electrical connection to a solar module positioned on the support surface is made possible by a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process in that the contact elements protrude from the terminal base and are guided within it with spring loading against the insertion direction. A stable electrical connection is thus easily achieved by creating a combined positive and non-positive connection of corresponding contacts against the spring load.

[0016] Establishing a solid electrical connection with a solar module positioned on the support surface using a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process is easily achieved by holding the contact elements in the terminal base firmly or with axial deformation play. This ensures, for example, the easy creation of a soldered connection on the top side of the base body. To facilitate such a soldered connection using a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process, the contact elements are formed from a solder material or coated with a solder coating.

[0017] Alternatively, the creation of a permanent electrical connection with a solar module positioned on the support surface is easily made possible by means of a cost-effective, large-scale production process in that the plug-in base is designed with one or two insertion channels for a soldering tool, which is or are accessible via an access opening on the underside of the plug-in base and via which contact can be made with the contact means. In this embodiment, the soldering of the roof covering element is possible from the underside of the base body and the plug-in base. The soldering tool can be brought into direct physical contact with the contact means. After soldering, the insertion channel or channels are closed with a sealant to ensure the electrical insulation of the contact means and to protect them from external weather influences.In a further improvement to this design, the insertion channel(s) is / are not open at the upper end, but ends(s) at its / their upper end at an effective distance from the contact means. In this design variant, the roof covering element can be soldered from the underside of the base body and the plug-in base using an induction soldering tool. The effective distance of the upper end of the insertion channel(s) is / are selected such that sufficient energy is applied to the contact means by an induction soldering tool inserted into the insertion channel. Because the insertion channel(s) is / are not open at the upper end, the electrical insulation and weather protection of the contact means is guaranteed.

[0018] To facilitate roof installation of the roof covering element, the cables terminate on the underside of the base body or below the underside at a distance from it as contacts in a multi-pin connector. The cables form at least two contacts in the connector, which represent the two electrical poles required to establish a current flow. The cables can be easily and flexibly connected to other components of a solar roof system via the connector. In order to be able to overcome a connection distance if necessary without the need for an extension cable, the cables only terminate at a distance from the underside as contacts in the connector. For this purpose, the cables are initially led out of the opening or hole or, if one is provided, out of the plug-in base as a common cable, with the cable being formed by the multi-pin connector at its end.

[0019] A simple electrical connection test for the roofing element is made possible by providing a capacitor connected between the wires, contacts, or contact elements forming the two electrical poles. When connecting the roofing element to a circuit, the presence of the capacitor can be easily determined electrically by measuring an alternating voltage signal. Solar modules operate exclusively with direct voltage, for which the capacitor is "invisible" during operation, thus not causing any interference or hindrance. In this way, the intended function (generating electrical energy based on direct voltage) is not compromised by the measurement function, which is performed via an alternating current signal.When connecting a large number of roof covering elements, the number of successfully connected capacitors and thus the number of successfully connected roof covering elements can be easily counted or detected.

[0020] To provide a non-return current barrier, a non-return diode is arranged in the line(s) representing at least one electrical pole. When a large number of roof covering elements are connected in parallel with solar modules, an electrical fault in one of the connected solar modules can result in the remaining solar modules feeding the current they output into the defective solar module, which can lead to overheating and start a fire. To prevent this, a diode is arranged in a suitable direction in the line(s) of the roof covering element representing at least one electrical pole, so that it allows the flow of current (energy output) out of the solar module, but prevents the flow of current into the solar module (energy absorption), i.e. it acts as a non-return current barrier.

[0021] In a particularly compact design variant, in which the lines end as contacts in a common connector below the underside of the base body, the capacitor and / or the reverse current diode is or are arranged within the connector.

[0022] For use as a solar roof covering element, a solar module is arranged on the upper side of the base body, which has back contact means, for example in the form of metal plates, on its side facing the upper side of the base body, which are arranged corresponding to the contact means.

[0023] If, at the same time, the contact means protrude from the connection base and are spring-loaded in the connection base against the insertion direction, a stable electrical connection with the solar module is achieved by placing the solar module with the back contact means on the contact means against their spring load and the components are connected to one another.

[0024] If, however, the contact elements in the terminal base are held firmly or with axial deformation play, a stable electrical connection to the solar module is achieved by placing the module with the back contact elements on the contact elements and establishing a soldered connection. To facilitate such a soldered connection using a cost-effective, mass-production-capable manufacturing process, either the contact elements, the back contact elements, or both the contact elements and the back contact elements are formed from a solder material or coated with a solder coating.

[0025] For use as a solar roof covering element, it is particularly advantageous if the solar module has a cell matrix consisting of several solar cells connected in series. Individual cells are typically available on the market with dimensions of around 15 cm x 15 cm and, under load, usually have a power output with high currents of around 8 A at a low voltage of around 0.5 V. By using a cell matrix with a plurality of smaller cells connected in series, a comparable power output with relatively lower currents and a relatively higher voltage is achieved. By using a cell matrix consisting of, for example, 50 to 100 smaller cells connected in series, a comparable power output with relatively low currents of around 0.2 A at a higher voltage of around 50 V to 60 V can be achieved compared to conventional individual cells available on the market.Smaller cells also allow for significantly better surface coverage of the respective base body. The format, number, and arrangement of the small cells are selected to cover as much of the available surface area of ​​the base body as possible while simultaneously taking into account the desired total voltage. Commercially available individual cells in standard formats can be cut into smaller cells of the desired dimensions – e.g., using a laser – and then rearranged and assembled into a cell matrix.

[0026] To protect the electrical components from moisture and ensure sufficient weather resistance, the top surface of the solar roof covering element, which forms the roof skin, is made of a glass pane or a plastic sheet or film. This can also serve as the top surface of the solar module.

[0027] To create a solar system, the solar roof covering elements are preferably connected in parallel. This offers the advantage that shading of one or more solar modules – for example, by leaves or dirt – only reduces the system output by the amount of the affected solar module(s). Furthermore, the voltage of the entire system is kept constant, regardless of the number of connected solar roof covering elements. The number of connected solar modules only changes the power and current of the entire system. This ensures that the voltage of the solar system can always be kept within the limits of extra-low voltage (voltage range I according to IEC 60449), regardless of the total number of connected solar modules.The combination of parallel connection and low-voltage operation reduces the costs and complexity of planning and designing the entire system because it reduces the requirements for electrical wiring, as well as the design of the electrical cables, connections, and insulation. Finally, it also significantly reduces the risks for the personnel involved in installing and connecting the system. The solar roof covering elements can therefore be installed on the roof without the need for specialized electrical engineering or training, for example, by roofers.

[0028] Practical experience has shown that even the total voltage achievable using a cell matrix consisting of a large number of smaller solar cells connected in series can still be too low. For example, even with commercially available large-format roof tiles or roof slabs, the available surface area can only be used for practical production purposes with a cell matrix of 50 to a maximum of 100 solar cells connected in series. In practice, this typically results in a maximum total voltage of approximately 50 V to 60 V per solar module under load, which may still be too low for the effective design of a solar roof system.For roofing elements with a smaller usable base area, such as plain tile roofs, only a cell matrix of a maximum of 18 or 20 solar cells connected in series, and thus a correspondingly lower total voltage per solar module, can be used. In these cases, a more favorable, higher total voltage, while still within the limits of low voltage, can be achieved by connecting at least two solar roofing elements in groups in a series circuit, and the series-connected solar roofing element groups are then connected in parallel.

[0029] Practical experience has shown that for the effective design of a solar roof system with solar roof covering elements, a maximum total voltage of 80 to 120 V under load is desirable. This still complies with the low-voltage limits, but also fully or almost fully utilizes them. To ensure this, the number of solar roof covering elements connected in groups in series is designed accordingly for a maximum total voltage of 80 to 120 V.

[0030] In the above embodiment, a structurally simple and effective roof installation is ensured by the fact that the cables of the solar roof covering elements each terminate below the underside of the base body in a multi-pin connector. The solar roof covering elements can be connected to one another in groups via a common multiple connector and connected in series. The series connection is established by a suitable cable routing inside the multiple connector. The solar roof covering element groups can each be connected to the main cables via the multiple connector and connected in parallel. The series connection is realized via a suitable internal cable routing in the multiple connector.

[0031] A further simplification based on the above embodiment is that the multiple plug-in connectors each engage two different electrical poles of the main lines with two piercing contacts. A piercing contact is a contact that can be used to establish permanent contact with the conductor of a cable by penetrating the insulation layer and any cable sheath. This can, for example, be a pin that is shot through the cable. It can also be an insulation displacement contact. The multiple plug-in connectors each engage a positive pole with one piercing contact and a negative pole with the other piercing contact.The particular advantage of this design variant is that the main lines are pre-assembled as cables with the multiple connectors, supplied on rolls, and can be processed during the installation of the solar roof system. The multiple connectors can be easily installed using the piercing contacts on a pre-assembled cable, without the need to separately remove the insulation and cable sheathing at the contact points.

[0032] For the simple production of a solar roof covering element in which the contact means protrude from the connection base and are guided therein in a spring-loaded manner against the insertion direction, the solar module is arranged on the receiving surface, whereby a force connection is established between the contact means and the return contact means against the spring load of the contact means.

[0033] For the simple production of a solar roof covering element in which the contact means are held firmly in the connection base or with axial deformation play, and the contact means and / or the back contact means are formed from a solder material or are coated with a solder, the solar module is placed on the receiving surface, and the common contact surfaces of the contact means and the back contact means are heated to the melting point of the solder, resulting in an energy input through the solar module. This heating can be achieved in a structurally simple manner using induction soldering.

[0034] For the simple production of a solar roof covering element in which the contact means are held firmly in the connection base or with an axial deformation play and the contact means and / or the back contact means are formed from a solder material or are formed with a solder coating, and wherein the plug-in base is formed with an insertion channel or two insertion channels for a soldering tool, which is or are accessible via an access opening on the underside of the plug-in base and via which contact can be made with the contact means, the solar module is arranged on the receiving surface and heating of the common contact surfaces of the contact means with the back contact means up to the melting point of the solder is effected by a soldering tool inserted into the insertion channel or successively into the insertion channels or by two soldering tools inserted simultaneously in parallel into the insertion channels.In this embodiment of the process, the solar roof covering element can be soldered from the underside of the base body and the plug-in base. The soldering tool can be brought into direct physical contact with the contact elements. After soldering, the insertion channel(s) are sealed with a sealant to ensure the electrical insulation of the contact elements and protect them from external weather influences. In a further improvement of the manufacturing process, the insertion channel(s) are not open at the upper end, but end(s) at their upper end at an effective distance from the contact elements.In this design variant, the energy input required for soldering is ensured by an induction soldering tool inserted into the insertion channel or successively into the insertion channels, or by two induction soldering tools inserted simultaneously and in parallel into the insertion channels. The effective distance of the upper end of the insertion channel(s) is selected such that sufficient energy input to the contact elements is ensured by each induction soldering tool inserted into the insertion channel. Since the insertion channel(s) is / are not open at the upper end, the electrical insulation and weather protection of the contact elements are ensured.

[0035] Further advantages of the invention are described below together with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to Figures 1 to 15 shown. Showing: Fig. 1a perspective view of a plug-in socket, Fig. 2a perspective view of the route of a cable within the Figure 1 shown plug-in base, Fig. 3 in Figure 1 shown plug-in base with an outer sleeve as a perspective exploded view, Fig. 4 a solar module in a partially transparent, perspective view, Fig. 5 a perspective exploded view of a solar roof covering element, Fig. 6 a further perspective exploded view of the solar roof covering element according to Fig. 5 , Fig. 7 a further perspective exploded view of the solar roof covering element according to the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 , Fig. 8 a perspective view of the solar roof covering element according to the Fig. 5 to 7 , Fig. 9 a perspective view of a connector, Fig. 10 a perspective view of the internal components of the Figure 9shown connector, Fig. 11 a perspective view of a double connector and two connectors, Fig. 12 a perspective view of the internal components of the Figure 11 Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of an arrangement of two solar roof covering elements on a roof batten. Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of the circuit of an arrangement of several solar roof covering elements. Fig. 15 shows a perspective, partially transparent view of an alternative embodiment of a plug-in base with an induction soldering tool.

[0036] The Figure 1shows a perspective view of the plug-in base 1, into which the two-core cable 2 terminates. In the cable 2, the two electrical lines 5 and 6, each designed as copper wires with wire insulation 3 and 4, are guided within a common cable sheath. The plug-in base 1 is designed with the kink protection 7, the cuboid-shaped plug-in flange 8, and the conical plug-in section 9. In the area of ​​the outer surface of the plug-in section 9, the plug-in base 1 is designed with the lamellar outer slot 10. On its upper side, the plug-in base 1 forms the flat connection base 11, in which the lines 5 and 6 terminate on the cover surface of the plug-in section 9 as contact means 12 and 13. The contact means 12 and 13 form the two electrical poles required to establish a current flow to a solar module.The flat seal 14 is arranged on the plug-in flange 8 and is made of foam rubber and has a (in . Figure 1 not shown) adhesive coating.

[0037] The Figure 2shows a perspective view of the route of the cable 2 within the plug-in base 1. The lines 5 and 6 are held within the plug-in section 9 by the double clamp 15, which engages the wire insulation 3 and 4. The two contact means 12 and 13, each designed as a copper body with a tin coating, are placed on the ends of the lines 5 and 6, which are made of copper wires. The contact means 12 and 13 are held in the connection base 11 with a slight axial deformation play, but are otherwise held firmly. The slight axial deformation play of the lines 5 and 6 results from the kinked cable routing of the lines 5 and 6 between the double clamp 15 and the contact means 12 and 13 in the plug-in section 9 of the plug-in base 1. For this purpose, the contact means 12 and 13 initially protrude slightly from the connection base 11.When a workpiece with corresponding contacts is placed on the workpiece, the leads 5 and 6 yield slightly in the area of ​​the lead bends due to deformation. This deformation is partly plastic (irreversible) due to further bending of the leads 5 and 6 in the bend area, but partly also elastic (reversible) due to a limited elasticity of the leads 5 and 6 in the bend area. Due to the elastic component of the deformation movement, a secure contact closure of the contact elements 12 and 13 with the corresponding contacts is ensured by the leads 5 and 6 exerting a slight spring force on the contact connection. This serves to ensure a clean soldered connection between the contact elements 12 and 13 and the corresponding contacts and to practically simplify the production of the soldered connection.

[0038] The Figure 3shows the plug-in base 1 with the outer sleeve 16 in a perspective exploded view. The outer sleeve 16 is designed with axial slots 17, a lamellar inner slot 18 and the retaining flange 19. A flat seal 20 is arranged on the retaining flange 19, which is made of foam rubber and has a (in Figure 3 adhesive coating (not shown). The (in Figure 3 The adhesive coatings (not shown) of the seals 14 and 20 are each covered with protective films 21 and 21'. The segments of the outer sleeve 16 formed by the axial slots 17 serve to encompass the plug-in section 9 of the plug-in base 1. The slats of the inner slot 18 of the outer sleeve 16 engage in a locking manner with the slats of the corresponding outer slot 10 of the plug-in section 9.

[0039] The Figure 4shows the solar module 22 in a partially transparent, perspective view. The solar module 22 comprises a cell matrix 23 consisting of a plurality of small solar cells connected in series with one another and a glass pane 24 arranged above it. The cell matrix is ​​designed for a power output under full load with currents of approximately 0.2 A at a voltage of 50 V. To establish an electrical connection, two back contact means 25 and 25' formed from metal plates are arranged on the underside of the solar module 22 and connected to the series circuit of the cell matrix 23. The back contact means 25 and 25' are each designed as copper bodies with a tin coating.

[0040] The Figures 5 to 7 show the solar roof covering element 26 in perspective exploded views. Figure 8shows the finished solar roof covering element 26 in a perspective view. The solar module 22 is in the Figures 5 to 8each only shown schematically; the cell matrix 23 is not shown in each case. The solar roof covering element 26 comprises the plug-in base 1, the base body 27, the outer sleeve 16 and the solar module 22. The cable 2 of the plug-in base is formed below the underside of the base body 27 at a distance from this at its end with the plug-in connector 28. The base body 27 is designed as a flat, tile-shaped roof tile. The upper side of the base body 27 has a receiving surface 29 for the solar module 22. In the region of the receiving surface 29, the base body 27 is further formed with an opening 30 running perpendicular to its base surface. To produce the solar roof covering element 26, the plug-in base 1 is fixed in a workpiece carrier (not shown) so that the connection base 11 is oriented upwards.The base body 27 is placed on it along the insertion axis A, so that the insertion section 9 of the plug-in base 1 is received in the opening 30 of the base body 27 and the connection base 11 is arranged approximately on the level of the upper side of the base body 27, as shown in . Figure 6 is shown. Here, the plug-in socket 1 is held on the underside of the base body 27 in the axial insertion direction by the plug-in flange 8. Furthermore, the seal 14 for sealing the electrical connection against penetrating moisture from the underside of the base body 27 is arranged between the plug-in flange 8 and the underside of the base body 27. Thereafter, as in Figure 7As shown, the outer sleeve 16 is inserted into the opening 30, wherein the segments of the outer sleeve 16 formed by the axial slots 17 engage the insertion section 9 of the insertion base 1 and the slats of the inner slot 18 of the outer sleeve 16 engage in a locking manner with the slats of the corresponding outer slot 10 of the insertion section 9. The insertion base 1 is held on the upper side of the base body 27 against the axial insertion direction by the holding flange 19 of the outer sleeve 16. Furthermore, to seal the electrical connection against moisture that can penetrate between the upper side of the base body 27 and the underside of the solar module 22, the seal 20 is arranged on the upper side of the holding flange 19 of the outer sleeve 16. Figure 82 shows the fully assembled solar roof covering element 26, in which the solar module 22 is placed on the receiving surface 29 of the base body 27. The back contact means 25 and 25' are arranged in a form-fitting manner on the contact means 12 and 13, whereby the axial deformation play of the lines 5 and 6 in the plug-in section 9 of the plug-in base 1 ensures a secure contact between the contact means 12 and 13 and the back contact means 25 and 25'. To establish a stable electrical connection between the back contact means 25 and 25' and the contact means 12 and 13, the common contact surfaces of the contact means 12, 13 and the back contact means 25, 25' are heated to the melting point of the solder through the solar module using an induction soldering process.

[0041] Figure 9shows the connector 28, which is formed from an injection-molded housing 31 with a bend protection 7' ​​and in which the lines 5 and 6 end as contacts 32 and 32'. Figure 10shows the internal components of the connector 28, in which the lines 5 and 6 are connected via the circuit board 33 to the contacts 32 and 32'. The contacts 32 and 32' represent the two electrical poles required to establish a current flow between the solar module 22 and the other electrical components of a solar roof system. The reverse current diode 34 is arranged within the contact of the line 5 on the circuit board 33 as a reverse current barrier for the line 5. This prevents a reverse current into the solar module 22 connected to the line 5. The capacitor 35 is arranged between the contacts of the lines 5 and 6 on the circuit board 33. This enables its detection by means of an alternating current signal applied to the contacts 32 and 32'. The connection of a solar module 22 successfully connected via the lines 5 and 6 within a solar roof system can be easily counted or detected using the capacitor 35.In the present embodiment, a suitable capacitor with a capacitance of 0.1 to 100 nF can be used.

[0042] The Figure 11 show the multiple plug-in connector 36, which is designed as a double plug-in connector 36, which consists of an injection-molded housing 31' with bend protectors 7" and 7' and is connected to the plug-in connectors 28 and 28'. The double plug-in connector 36 serves to connect the plug-in connectors 28 and 28' to the main lines 5" and 6" of the main cable 2". The injection-molded housing 31' of the double plug-in connector 36 has a mounting bracket 37, with which it can be connected to the roof structure during roof installation. The mounting bracket 37 can be screwed, nailed, or stapled to components of the roof structure - for example, the roof battens. Figure 12shows the internal components of the double plug-in connector 36 and the plug connectors 28 and 28'. Line 5 of plug connector 28 is connected to the main line 5" via the circuit board 33, the contact 32, and the piercing contact designed as an insulation displacement contact 38. The main line 5" forms the positive contact of the electrical system. Line 6 is connected to the series connection contact 39 via the circuit board 33, the contact 32', and can be connected to line 5' of plug connector 28' via this, the contact 32" and the circuit board 33' of plug connector 28'. Line 6' of plug connector 28' can be connected to the main line 6" via the circuit board 33', the contact 32', and the insulation displacement contact 38'. The main line 6" represents the negative contact of the electrical system.Two solar roof covering elements connected to the 5" and 6" main lines via connectors 28 and 28' are thus connected in series as a common group—here, a pair—via the double plug connection means 36. By providing multiple series connection contacts, the double plug connection means 36 can be easily configured as a multiple plug connection means, via which correspondingly more roof covering elements can be connected in series in groups. Several pairs or groups of solar roof covering elements connected to the 5" and 6" main lines via additional double or multiple plug connection means are connected in parallel via the 5" and 6" main lines.

[0043] The Figure 13shows an arrangement of two solar roof covering elements 26 and 26' in a suspended installation on a roof batten 40. The solar roof covering elements 26 and 26' are connected to the main cables 2" via the double plug-in connection means 36 and are connected in series as a pair. The plug-in bases 1 and 1' are arranged in such a way that any moisture formed by condensation on the cables 2 and 2' can drip off without penetrating the plug-in bases 1 and 1'. A further pair of solar roof covering elements, which can be connected to the main lines 5" and 6" via the further double plug-in connection means 36', can be connected in parallel with the solar roof covering element pair 26 / 26' via the double plug-in connection means 36'.

[0044] The Figure 14shows a schematic circuit of an arrangement of several solar roof covering elements as a solar roof system. The individual solar roof covering elements are connected in pairs via series connections to the main lines 5" and 6" and are connected in series with each other. In the circuit diagram according to Figure 14 For example, the solar roof covering elements 26 and 26' and the series connection contact 39 are numbered. The individual pairs of solar roof covering elements, each connected in series, are connected in parallel via the series connection contacts and the main lines 5" and 6". The overall arrangement is designed for a total voltage of a maximum of 120 V. The main lines 5" and 6" are connected to the converter 41, which, depending on the desired functionality and design of the solar roof system, can be, for example, an inverter, an MPP tracker, or a charge controller.

[0045] The Figure 15shows a perspective, partially transparent view of the plug-in base 1", into which the two-core cable 2‴ terminates. In the cable 2‴, the two electrical lines 5‴ and 6‴, each designed as copper wires with wire insulation 3' and 4', are guided within a common cable sheath. The plug-in base 1" is designed with the kink protection 7‴‴, the round plug-in flange 8', and the conical plug-in section 9'. In the area of ​​the outer surface of the plug-in section 9', the plug-in base 1" is designed with the lamellar outer slot 10'. On its upper side, the plug-in base 1" forms the flat connection base 11', in which the lines 5‴ and 6‴ terminate on the cover surface of the plug-in section 9' as contact means 12' and 13'. The contact means 12' and 13' represent the two electrical poles required to establish a current flow to a solar module and are designed with a solder coating.The plug-in base 1" is further configured with two internal insertion channels 44 and 44', each accessible via access openings 42, 42' on the underside of the plug-in base 1". At their upper ends, the insertion channels 44 and 44' each terminate at an effective distance from the contact means 12' and 13'. The effective distance is selected such that a finger-shaped induction soldering tool 43, which is inserted positively into the insertion channels 44 and 44', ensures sufficient energy input to the contact means 12' and 13' to melt their solder coating or, in addition, the solder coating of the back contact means arranged on the contact means 12' and 13'. The induction soldering tool 43 can be inserted successively into the insertion channels 44 and 44' to create a solder connection. Alternatively, two induction soldering tools can be inserted simultaneously in parallel into the insertion channels 44 and 44'.Instead of having two separate insertion channels 44 and 44', the plug-in base 1" can also be designed with a common insertion channel for both contact means 12' and 13'. The contact means 12' and 13' are then heated simultaneously by a single appropriately dimensioned induction soldering tool. List of reference symbols

[0046] 1, 1', 1" plug-in base 2, 2', 2" cable 2" main cable 3, 3', 4, 4' wire insulation 5, 5', 5"', 6, 6', 6" cable 5", 6" main cable 7, 7', 7", 7" , 7', 7', 7' kink protection 8, 8' plug-in flange 9, 9' plug-in section 10, 10' outer splitter 11, 11' connection base 12, 12', 13, 13' contact element 14, 20 seal 15 double clamp 16 outer sleeve 17 slots 18 inner splitter 19 retaining flange 21, 21' protective film 22 solar module 23 cell matrix 24Glass pane 25, 25'Return contact means 26, 26'Solar roof covering element 27Base body 28, 28'Connector 29Receiving surface 30Opening 31, 31'Injection-molded housing 32, 32', 32", 32'Contact 33, 33'PCB 34Reverse current diode 35Capacitor 36Double plug-in connection means 37Mounting tab 38, 38'Insulation displacement contact 39Series connection contact 40Roof batten 41Transformer 42, 42'Access opening 43Induction soldering tool 44, 44'Insertion channel

Claims

1. Roof covering element comprising a flat main part (27), the upper face of which has a receiving surface (29) for a solar module (22) and which has an opening (30) or a bore running perpendicularly to the main surface thereof, through which opening or bore at least two electrical lines (5, 5', 5‴, 6, 6', 6‴) are guided together, the lines (5, 5', 5‴, 6, 6', 6‴) ending on the upper face of the main part (27) in the region of the receiving surface (29) as contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') which are held or axially movably guided in a common flat connection socket (11, 11'), characterized in that the electrical lines (5, 5', 5"', 6, 6', 6‴) are guided in a common plug-in socket (1, 1', 1‴) from the lower face through the opening (30) or the bore, the plug-in socket (1, 1', 1‴) being held in an interlocking manner on the lower face of the main part (27) in the axial plug-in direction by a plug-in flange (8, 8') and being held in an interlocking and / or force-fitting manner on the upper face of the main part (27) against its axial plug-in direction by a locking means and forming the connection socket (11, 11') on the upper face of the main part (27).

2. Roof covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing element is arranged between the plug-in flange (8, 8') and the lower face of the main part (27).

3. Roof covering element according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the locking means is a clamp or a snap ring.

4. Roof covering element according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the locking means is a hollow element which is formed with a retaining flange (19) acting on the upper face of the main part (27) against the axial plug-in direction of the plug-in socket (1, 1', 1") and which engages, with an inner connecting link (18), in an interlocking or interlocking and force-fitting manner with a corresponding outer connecting link (10, 10') of the plug-in socket (1, 1', 1").

5. Roof covering element according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow element is an outer sleeve (16) which engages, with a screw connection or a plug-in rotary connection, with a corresponding plug-in portion of the plug-in socket.

6. Roof covering element according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow element is an outer sleeve (16) which is slotted in the axial plug-in direction and which engages in a latching manner with a corresponding plug-in portion (9, 9') of the plug-in socket (1, 1', 1").

7. Roof covering element according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a sealing element is arranged on the upper face of the retaining flange (19).

8. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') protrude from the connection socket (11) and are guided against the plug-in direction in this connection socket in a spring-loaded manner.

9. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') are held in the connection socket firmly or with an axial deformation clearance.

10. Roof covering element according to claim 9, characterized in that the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') are formed from a solder material or are designed with a solder coating.

11. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 7, 9 or 10, characterized in that the plug-in socket (1, 1', 1") is designed with one insertion channel or two insertion channels (44, 44') for a soldering tool, which is or are accessible via an access opening (42, 42') on the lower face of the plug-in socket and via which contact with the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') can be established.

12. Roof covering element according to claim 11, characterized in that the insertion channel or the insertion channels (44, 44') ends or end at an effective distance from the contact means (12, 13) and an induction soldering tool (43) can be inserted into the insertion channel or the insertion channels (44, 44').

13. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the lines (5, 5', 5‴, 6, 6', 6‴) end on the lower face of the main part (27) or below the lower face in a distance thereto as contacts (32, 32', 32", 32‴) in a multi-pole plug connector (28, 28').

14. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a capacitor (35) is provided which is connected between the lines (5, 5', 5"', 6, 6', 6‴), contacts (32, 32', 32", 32‴) or contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') which form the two electric poles.

15. Roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a reverse current diode (34) is arranged in the line or lines (5, 5', 5‴, 6, 6', 6‴) which form at least one electric pole.

16. Roof covering element according to claim 13 and one or both of claims 14 and / or 15, characterized in that the capacitor (35) and / or the reverse current diode (34) is or are arranged within the plug connector (28, 28').

17. Solar roof covering element (26, 26'), having a roof covering element according to any of claims 1 to 16 and a solar module (22) arranged on the upper face of the main part (27), characterized in that the solar module (22) has, on its face facing the upper face of the main part (27), back contact means (25, 25') which are arranged corresponding to the contact means (12, 13).

18. Solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to claim 17, the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') in the connection socket (11, 11') being held firmly or with an axial deformation clearance, characterized in that the back contact means (25, 25') are formed from a solder material or are designed with a solder coating.

19. Solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to either claim 17 or claim 18, characterized in that the solar module (22) has a cell matrix (23) made up of several solar cells connected in series.

20. Solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to claim 19, characterized in that the format, the number and the arrangement of the solar cells are selected such that the available receiving surface (29) of the main part (27) is covered as much as possible while simultaneously taking into account the desired total voltage.

21. Solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that its upper face forming the roof skin is a glass pane (24) or a plastics pane or film.

22. Assembly of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the solar roof covering elements (26, 26') are interconnected in a parallel connection.

23. Assembly of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that at least two solar roof covering elements (26, 26') are in each case interconnected in groups in a series connection and the solar roof covering element groups connected in series are interconnected in a parallel connection.

24. Assembly of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') according to claim 23, characterized in that the number of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') interconnected in groups in a series connection is designed for a total voltage of a maximum of 80 V to 120 V.

25. Assembly of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') according to either claim 23 or claim 24, the lines (5, 5', 5‴, 6, 6', 6‴) of the solar roof covering elements each ending below the lower face of the main part in a multi-pole plug connector (28, 28'), characterized in that the solar roof covering elements (26, 26') can, with their plug connectors (28, 28'), each be interconnected and connected in series in groups via a common multiple plug connection means, the series connection being established by a suitable line routing inside the multiple plug connection means, and the solar roof covering element groups each being able to be connected to main lines (5", 6") via the multiple plug connection means and thereby connected in parallel with one another.

26. Assembly of solar roof covering elements (26, 26') according to claim 25, characterized in that the multiple plug connection means each engage with two penetration contacts on two different electric poles of the main lines (5", 6").

27. Method for producing a solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 21, the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') protruding from the connection socket (11, 11') and being guided against the plug-in direction in this connection socket in a spring-loaded manner, characterized in that the solar module is arranged on the receiving surface (29), a force-fitting connection between the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') and the back contact means (25, 25') being established against the spring loading of the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13').

28. Method for producing a solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 21, the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') being held in the connection socket firmly or with an axial deformation clearance and the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') and / or the back contact means (25, 25') being formed from a solder material or beind designed with a solder coating, characterized in that the solar module (22) is arranged on the receiving surface (29) and the common contact surfaces of the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') with the back contact means (25, 25') are heated up to the melting point of the solder by means of an energy input through the solar module (22).

29. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that the energy input takes place by induction soldering.

30. Method for producing a solar roof covering element (26, 26') according to any of claims 17 to 21, the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') being held in the connection socket firmly or with an axial deformation clearance and the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') and / or the back contact means (25, 25') being formed from a solder material or being designed with a solder coating, and the plug-in socket being formed with one insertion channel or two insertion channels (44, 44') for a soldering tool, which is or are accessible via an access opening (42, 42') on the lower face of the plug-in socket and via which contact with the contact means can be established, characterized in that the solar module (22) is arranged on the receiving surface (29) and the common contact surfaces of the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') with the back contact means (25, 25') are heated up to the melting point of the solder by a soldering tool inserted into the insertion channel or successively inserted into the insertion channels (44, 44') or two soldering tools inserted simultaneously in parallel into the insertion channels (44, 44').

31. Method according to claim 30, characterized in that the insertion channel or the insertion channels (44, 44') ends or end at its or their upper end at an effective distance from the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13'), and the and the common contact surfaces of the contact means (12, 12', 13, 13') with the back contact means (25, 25') are heated up to the melting point of the solder by an induction soldering tool (43) inserted into the insertion channel or successively inserted into the insertion channels (44, 44') or two induction soldering tools (43) inserted simultaneously in parallel into the insertion channels (44, 44').