Method for producing a structure comprising a structural element, in particular a wall, a ceiling or the like, formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels, structural element, a wall produced by this method, and a connecting element for wooden panels

Description

[0001] Method for producing a construction with a structural component, in particular a wall, a ceiling or the like, formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels, structural component, a wall produced by this method and a connecting element for wooden panels.

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for producing a construction with a structural component, in particular a wall, a ceiling or the like, formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels, a structural component, for example a wall produced by this method and a connecting element for wooden panels, in particular wooden panels with glued or mechanically, for example XLAM or CLT, connected cross layers for producing such a wall.

[0003] "Substantially" means angular deviations of +- 5°.

[0004] Numerous elements are known for connecting wooden panels. The biggest challenge is producing an element that is easy to assemble while ensuring all the required strength and rigidity characteristics.

[0005] Furthermore, the connected wooden panels must be monolithic. This monolithic feature allows multiple wooden panels to behave as a single wooden panel, which can be connected simply by attaching them at the ends, preventing them from tipping over and eliminating the need to fix each individual wooden panel.

[0006] WO 2012 13 96 01 A1 discloses a kit for surfaces comprising a plurality of substantially rectangular panels, each panel comprising an upper and a lower surface and side walls. The side walls have opposing openings for inserting a connecting element having a cruciform cross-section.

[0007] The connection thus created cannot be insulated and, due to the necessary clearances, a stable form coupling is not possible, which means that a monolithic structure of the wooden panels cannot be ensured.

[0008] Publication WO 2012 13 96 01 A1 does not describe any approaches to creating stiffness and strength in the plane of the wood panel. Instead, a connection is proposed to connect the panels outside the plane of the laminate parquet or wall cladding panels.

[0009] An element for connecting wooden panels is known from KR 10-1060983. The element for connecting wooden panels described in the Korean application is also recessed into the panel. In this case, too, a stable form coupling is not possible, and a monolithic structure of the panels cannot be ensured.

[0010] DE 10044016 describes a device for connecting floorboards with a wooden core, particularly MDF or HDF, wherein at least one section has a dovetail-like groove, opposite which a second panel with a mirrored dovetail-like groove lies. These panels are connected by means of a connecting element with no play. The described connection requires high precision and is intended only for connecting floors; assembly after the panel has been laid is not possible.

[0011] Publication WO 20017089309 describes a structural element formed by two components facing away from each other on their opposite narrow sides, comprising a plurality of connecting elements connecting the pre-loaded components. The components have undercut recesses into which the connecting elements formed by two dovetail-shaped wooden parts are inserted. The undercut element has a reduced thickness in the contact area between the two components and is therefore subject to a high risk of fracture of the connection.

[0012] Publication WO 2014153574 describes a structural element formed by two panels joined along their entire width by means of, for example, two wedge-shaped parts that connect to each other. The connection is a linear connection, which has the disadvantage of lacking resistance and rigidity to shear stresses in the panel plane.

[0013] Timber panel walls can also be constructed with single panels. However, this presents a series of manufacturing, storage, handling, and transport problems due to the dimensions or weight of the walls. Furthermore, each wall generally has specific dimensions, which prevent mass and standard production. This problem is often solved by manufacturing panels with a measured, standardized width that can be joined together in the factory or on site. State-of-the-art panels are joined using shear-action screws, possibly with the interposition of a shim. This type of connection does not provide a sufficient level of rigidity. Furthermore, these systems do not allow the panels to be braced together.

[0014] EP 088 601 describes a dowel for joining two panels. This dowel is designed with a uniform cross-section and in which the outer parts are wider so as to be clamped in openings having recesses. The described dowel is intended for joining two panels, but only with a sealing element and not by forming a tensile connection, which is only ensured by bracing with, for example, clamping devices such as screws and the like. Furthermore, the dowel, as explained in the subject matter, is intended for joining panels that have insulating material inside them and are therefore not structural, but simply insulating panels. Furthermore, the recess formed in the panel receptacles does not allow a tensile force to be generated between the panels. The connection described in this publication does not allow a monolithic structure to be formed between the two panels.

[0015] EP 0 117 205 describes a method for joining two panels. In this case, too, the two panels have a recess to allow the connecting device to be secured within this recess. Furthermore, the connection is made from top to bottom along the entire contact area between the two panels. In this case, too, it is not possible to insert clamping devices to secure the two panels and thus form a monolithic structure. In this case, too, the external connection for forming a tensile structure, which is essential for calculating the statics of a structure, is not described.

[0016] WO 00 / 20705 describes a joint between two panels, particularly for forming a floor. In this case, too, a joint with a recess is described, allowing the connecting dowel to be clamped. This structure also lacks monolithic characteristics after the joint, and furthermore, it is not intended to have structural features.

[0017] DE 20 2016 102 078 describes a hip joint system and a multi-layer solid wood panel with such a hip joint system. This system uses a dovetail joint, which allows for easy disassembly. DE 20 2016 107 078 excludes the use of clamping elements that penetrate the panel joint.

[0018] US 2 373 808 also describes a connection for wooden elements, while DE 20 2012 014 285 describes a connection system for masonry.

[0019] Document US 2 373 808 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a construction according to the preamble of claim 7.

[0020] The problem solved by the method described in the present specification for producing a structure comprising interconnected panels forming a monolithic unit and connected to the ground by means of tension elements allows a rapid and safe calculation of the statics of a structure, whereby the calculations can be limited to the predetermined tension points and whereby the structure does not have to be calculated and dimensioned for each individual panel or part of the panel, but only for the entire structure, thus ensuring a more efficient and faster construction, reducing design costs and allowing more efficient use of the calculation systems.

[0021] The object of the present invention is a method for producing a construction with a structural element, for example a wall or a ceiling, which is formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels according to the preamble of claim 1, which solves the problems mentioned, in particular allowing the production of a structural element, for example a wall, a ceiling or the like, which is formed by a plurality of panels with monolithic features.

[0022] The method for producing a structural component, for example a wall, a ceiling or the like, formed by a plurality of wooden panels according to the invention comprises interconnected panels for producing a structural component formed by a plurality of panels, the method comprising the following steps: Positioning at least two wooden panels that fit together according to a bearing surface that is perpendicular to the end faces forming, for example, the structural element, forming a cavity on the surface of each of the two panels at the edges of the panels facing each other, with an open cavity on at least one end face of the panel, the adjacent cavities forming a single housing, pressing in a connecting element perpendicular to the cavity, tightening the connecting element by means of screws in a direction inclined substantially between 30° and 70° with respect to the contact surface of the panels, and the seats of the screws in the connecting element being diametrically opposed to each other, closing the connection joint between the two panels, at least two panels forming the structural element with only two tensile connections to another structure, covering the housing by means of a tape.

[0023] It is obvious that the order of the steps can also be changed without leaving the protected area.

[0024] In a first embodiment, the receptacle is formed by a slot-like cavity perpendicular to the connection between the two panels to be joined. The structure is formed by at least two panels, at least two of which are firmly attached to another structure or similar. The structural element produced in this way exhibits monolithic behavior. This is important in the event of earthquakes or other loads perpendicular to the connection surface. In a preferred embodiment, these cavities are not continuous; for thin panels, the cavities can also be continuous. The cavities can also be created in the factory before the panels are brought to the construction site or directly on site, particularly after the panels have been positioned. This ensures that the cavities between adjacent panels are aligned.

[0025] Advantageously, at least two cavities, each extending over two panels, are formed to connect two panels by inserting at least one connecting element into each receptacle.

[0026] Advantageously, the panels consist of at least three wood layers. The wood layers are stacked and connected to one another in such a way that the grain of each individual wood layer is preferably angled 90 degrees relative to the adjacent layers in the plane of the panel. Generally, the panels can be made of laminated wood.

[0027] The connecting element according to the invention comprises a longitudinal body with at least two screw seats. The screw seats face away from each other. The screw seat is inclined substantially by 30°-70° relative to the contact surface of the panels, and the seats face diametrically opposite each other.

[0028] Advantageously, the screw passes through at least two layers of wood on the board.

[0029] In one embodiment, the internal structure of the connecting element has a row of ribs parallel to the plane of the panel and these are arranged on each wooden layer forming the panels, ie one rib for each wooden layer.

[0030] In one variant, the cavities are filled with foam, particularly polyurethane foam, after insertion. This further seals the joint and reduces heat transfer.

[0031] Advantageously, the connecting element has a series of gaps.

[0032] Further features and details of the method for producing a joint for XLAM or CLT panels and of a preferred and non-limiting embodiment of a connecting element according to the invention explained here will become clear from the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1a shows a front view of a wall composed of a single panel according to the prior art, Figure 1b shows the behavior of the wall made of Figure 1a under lateral loads, Figure 2a a front view of a wall according to the invention, Figure 2b the behavior of the wall from Figure 2a under lateral loads, Figure 3a a front view of a wall according to the invention, Figure 3b the behavior of the wall from Figure 3a under lateral loads, Figure 4a a view from above of a ceiling according to the invention in a second embodiment, Figure 4b the behavior of the ceiling from Figure 3aunder loads, Figure 5 shows an inserted element according to the invention in front view, Figure 6 shows a section from Figure 5 , Figure 7 a section of Figure 5 swiveled opposite Figure 6 , Figure 8 shows an inserted element according to the invention in front view in another panel, Figure 9 shows a horizontal section from Figure 8 , Figure 10 a vertical section of Figure 8 , Figure 11 a section of a connecting element according to the invention, Figure 12 two panels in a staggered cavity, Figure 13 two aligned panels connected via a connecting element, Figures 14a, 14b, 14c the individual insertion steps of the screws, and Figures 15 and 16 a series of figures with connecting elements with three- or five-layer panels of different thicknesses and a connecting element and

[0033] In Figure 1a a structural element, for example a wall formed by a single panel according to the prior art, is explained in Figure 1b their behavior under loads, for example loads that can result from an earthquake or wind, is explained. In the Figure 2a A wall formed by a series of panels not connected in a monolithic form is shown according to the prior art. In the Figure 2b The behavior under stress, for example an earthquake, wind or similar, is shown. As the Figure 2b The individual panels allow for relative displacement / movement between the individual panels. This displacement could cause structural damage, such as cracking or subsidence.

[0034] In the Figure 3aa structural component 100 is shown, which was manufactured by a method according to the invention and is formed by a series of panels 1, 2, 3, which are connected via a series of connecting elements 7, 17 according to the invention. The panel is attached to a further structure 102 or similar via tension connections 101. In the Figure 3b is the behavior of the wall manufactured by the method according to the invention and shows the monolithic behavior under loading by a force 103. The monolithic behavior gives the wall a high stiffness, reducing the damage to the earthquake and similar exposed building and allowing to reduce the number of connections 101.

[0035] In the Figures 4a and 4b is a ceiling manufactured according to the invention with details of the forces 103 in Figure 4bto which the individual panels are subjected and the connections made by the connecting element 7 according to the invention. The monolithic behavior of the floor allows to reduce damage to the building due to an earthquake or similar.

[0036] For carrying out a method according to the invention, in a first step, cavities 20, 20a and 20b are produced in wooden panels 1, 2, 3, in particular in XLAM or CLT or similar panels, on one of the surfaces 4, 5 of the matching panels 1, 2, 3 forming the wall to be constructed.

[0037] In one embodiment, these panels consist of at least three panel layers / layers or boards. The panel layers are stacked and connected to each other such that the fibers of each layer 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are pivoted by 90° relative to the adjacent layers in the panel plane, or, in general, the panels are made of laminated wood.

[0038] These cavities 20, 20a, and 20b are created on site, for example, using a CNC or a portable machine that mills a recess or opening along the adjacent edges of panels 1, 2, and 3, thereby forming the cavities. For panels of greater width, the cavities 20, 20a, and 20b are not continuous in the direction perpendicular to the wall surface. The connecting element 7, 17 is pressed into these cavities 20, 20a, and 20b. This connecting element is formed by a metal element or a fiber-reinforced polymer having a series of ribs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, and 7e parallel to the plane of the panel, which are advantageously arranged for each wooden layer 21, 23, 23, 24, and 25 forming panels 1, 2, and 3. For example, for a multilayer panel Xlam, in one embodiment there are five ribs, including the bottom surface of the connecting element 7, 17.These ribs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e can be dimensioned depending on the orientation of the wood layer. The most heavily loaded ribs can be made thicker for better resistance, or if the panel consists of only three layers, the connecting element can also have five ribs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e. In this case, two ribs work together to absorb the stresses of a wood layer 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.

[0039] After insertion, the connecting element 7, 17 is inserted without play in a direction perpendicular to the connecting surface. After insertion of the connecting element 7, 17, the screws 11 are screwed into the seats 12 of the connecting element to clamp the two panels 1 and 2 together without play, thus creating a monolithic structure. The clamping by anchoring the screws maintains the vertical joint between the panels, and the insertion of a foam supports this fastening. Advantageously, several connecting elements 7, 17 are used to connect the panels 1, 2.

[0040] The connecting screws have an inclination of substantially (where substantially is understood to be +-5°) between 30° and 70°, preferably 60°. Advantageously, they can also be inserted such that at least two wood layers 22, 23 are stressed with different orientations of the wood fibers. This ensures greater resistance to loads.

[0041] Advantageously, the seats 12 have a groove for receiving screw heads / clamping elements 11.

[0042] As in the Figures 14a, 14b, 14c The gap 8 is shown during the insertion of the connecting element 7, 17 and with the insertion of the screws 11 and their clamping by means of anchoring is in the Figure 14c shown how the gap 8 is closed and the two wooden panels therefore exhibit a monolithic behavior.

[0043] In a second step, an insulating material, such as polyurethane foam, resin, or similar, can be introduced to insulate the connection. This insulating material can also assist in securing the connecting elements 7, 17.

[0044] Preferably, the connecting elements are hollow with internal ribs to provide greater rigidity while still maintaining a lightweight overall element. Advantageously, the connecting elements are made of metal, particularly aluminum, via extrusion or pultrusion of a reinforced polymer.

[0045] The connecting element 7, 17 preferably has a wedge shape to facilitate insertion into the cavity 20. In particular, only the end part of the connecting element 7, 17 is wedge-shaped, ie, the first part that is inserted.

[0046] The openings of the connecting elements 7, 17 are also advantageously filled with the insulating material.

[0047] In the next step, a tape / adhesive strip is applied to the opening 20 to seal the joint. Advantageously, the tape is applied along the entire contact area of the panels on both sides. This also seals any gap that may be present between the panels. The tape can be an adhesive strip designed for air sealing.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the cavity 20, 20a, 20b is closed before laying the tape 20 by means of a closure element, for example a plug, preferably in wood.

[0049] A structural component manufactured by such a method and incorporating an element according to the invention offers significant advantages, as it can be assembled using standard-sized panels while still maintaining the characteristics of a single panel. This structural component is not only more economical to manufacture, since standard panels can be used, but is also easier to transport. Legend of reference numbers

[0050] 1. Timber panel 2. Timber panel 3. Timber panel 4. Panel surface 5. Panel surface 6.... 7. Fastener 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e Rib 8. Joint / Gap 9. Hole 10.... 11. Screw / Clamping elements 12. Seat 17. Fastener 20. Cavity 20a, 20b. Cavity part 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Timber panel layers 100. Structural element 101. Tensile connections 102. Substrate 103. Force

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing a structure with a structural component (100), in particular a wall, ceiling or similar, formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels (1, 2, 3), characterised in that the wooden panels (1, 2, 3) are connected to each other to form a structural component (100), which is formed from at least two wooden panels (1, 2, 3), the method comprising the following steps: - positioning at least two wooden panels (1, 2, 3) which fit together with each other according to a contact surface which is perpendicular to the surfaces forming the structural component, - forming a cavity (20, 20a, 20b) on the surface (4, 5) of two panels at the edges of the panels facing each other, the cavity being open on at least one end face of the panel, wherein the adjacent cavities (20, 20a, 20b) form a single receptacle, - pressing a connecting element (7, 17) into the cavity (20, 20a, 20b) perpendicular thereto, - clamping the connecting element by means of screws (11) at an angle of preferably 60°, but essentially between 30° and 70°, relative to the contact surface of the panels (1, 2, 3), and wherein the seats of the screws (11) in the connecting element are diametrically opposed to one another, closing the connecting gap (8) between the two panels (1, 2, 3), - wherein at least two panels (1, 2, 3) forming the structural component (100) are connected to a further structure (102) via two tensile connections, - covering the receptacle by means of a strip.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a polyurethane material, a resin or similar is introduced into the cavity (20), also in the form of foam.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wooden panels are formed with superimposed layers of wood and are connected to one another in such a way that the fibres of each layer (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) in the board plane are rotated by 90° relative to the adjacent layers or, in general, the lamellar wood is formed with crossed layers.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity (20, 20a, 20b) is not continuous through the wooden panels.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least two cavities (20, 20a, 20b) are formed on the surface (4, 5) of two panels on the edges of the panels facing each other, wherein the cavity (20, 20a, 20b) is open on an end face of the panels, wherein the cavities (20, 20a, 20b) facing each other form a single receptacle, wherein at least two connecting elements (7, 17) are inserted into at least two connecting receptacles perpendicular to the cavity (20, 20a, 20b).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cavity (20, 20a, 20b) is closed before the strip is laid by means of a closing element, for example a plug, preferably made of wood.

7. Construction with a structural element (100), in particular a wall, a ceiling or similar, formed by a plurality of interconnected wooden panels (1, 2, 3), characterised in that the wooden panels (1, 2, 3) are connected to each other to form a structural component (100) consisting of at least two wooden panels (1, 2, 3), - wherein at least two wooden panels (1, 2, 3) fit together with each other according to a contact surface which is arranged perpendicular to the surfaces forming the structural component, - wherein a cavity (20, 20a, 20b) is arranged on the surface (4, 5) of two panels at the edges of the panels facing each other, - wherein the cavity is open on at least one end face of the panel, - wherein the adjacent cavities 20, 20a, 20b) form a single receptacle, - wherein a connecting element (7, 17) is pressed in perpendicular to the cavity (20, 20a, 20b), - wherein the connecting element has a longitudinal body with at least two seats (12) which are braced by means of screws (11) at an angle of preferably 60°, but essentially between 30° and 70°, relative to the contact surface of the panels (1, 2, 3), and wherein the seats of the screws (11) in the connecting element are diametrically opposed to one another, - wherein at least two panels (1, 2, 3) forming the structural component (100) are connected to a further structure (102) via two tensile connections, - and wherein the receptacle is covered by a strip.

8. Construction according to claim 7, characterised in that the connecting element (7, 17) is wedge-shaped.

9. Construction according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the internal structure of the connecting element (7, 17) has a series of ribs (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e) parallel to each other.

10. Construction according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterised in that the seat (12) for the clamping elements has a groove for receiving the head of the clamping element.

11. Construction according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterised in that the connecting element (7, 17) is made of extruded aluminium or as a pultrusion in reinforced polymer.