PARTICLE FILTER WITH ULTRASONIC DEVICE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to filter systems for suspended matter with particle sizes of 400 pm to ≤500 µm as well as for noxious substances.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to filtration processes for removing suspended matter with particle sizes of 400 pm to ≤500 µm as well as noxious substances from gaseous, liquid and gel-like fluids.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of said filter systems and filtration processes for the removal of environmentally harmful, harmful to health and / or toxic suspended matter with particle sizes of 400 pm to ≤500 µm from fluids in a wide variety of technological fields.

[0004] Last but not least, the present invention relates to equipment and systems containing said filter systems. State of the art

[0005] HEPA filters are filters for removing suspended particles from the air. They are classified as depth filters and remove suspended particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 µm. They are used to filter out bacteria and viruses, pollen, mite eggs and mite excretions, dust, aerosols, smoke particles, fine dust, and ultrafine dust.

[0006] Depending on their separation efficiency, they can be Efficient Particulate Air filter (EPA), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, Ultra Low Penetration Air filter (ULPA), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm, Medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, Pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and Automotive cabin filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm Therefore, no filters are available for the range from 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0007] Depending on the particle size, their filtering effect is based on the following effects: Diffusion effect: Very small particles (particle size: 50 nm to 100 nm) do not follow the gas flow, but due to their collisions with the gas molecules, they follow a trajectory similar to Brownian motion and thus collide with the filter fibers, to which they adhere. This effect is also known as the diffusion regime. Blocking effect: Smaller particles (particle size: 100 nm to 500 nm) that follow the gas flow around the fiber stick if they get too close to the filter phase. This effect is also known as the interception regime. Inertial effect: Larger particles (particle size: 500 nm to >1 µm) do not follow the gas flow around the fiber, but due to their inertia, collide with it and adhere to it. This effect is also known as the inertial impaction regime.

[0008] In the particle size range from 100 nm to 500 nm, the diffusion effect and the barrier effect occur simultaneously. In the particle size range from 500 nm to >1 µm, the inertia effect and the barrier effect also occur simultaneously.

[0009] According to filter effects, particles with a particle size of 200 nm to 400 nm are the most difficult to remove. These are also referred to as MMPS (most penetrating particle size). Filter efficiency drops to 50% in this size range. Larger and smaller particles are removed more effectively due to their physical properties.

[0010] EPA, HEPA, and UPLA are classified according to their effectiveness for these particle sizes using a test aerosol of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS). In their article "On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters" in the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1980, pages 377 to 381, KW Lee and BYH Liu provide formulas that allow the calculation of the minimum efficiency and MMPS for fiber filters based on the diffusion effect and the inertia effect. The results show that MMPS decreases with increasing filtration speed and fiber volume fraction and increases with increasing fiber size.

[0011] Particularly critical, however, is the fact that there are no filters for nanoparticles with an average particle size d 50 of 1 nm to <50 nm. These particles, in particular, easily accumulate in the bronchi and alveoli and generally have the highest mortality and toxicity. They can therefore cause diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, Crohn's disease, or organ failure.

[0012] This is particularly critical because depth filters or particulate filters are used in medical areas such as operating rooms, intensive care units and laboratories, as well as in clean rooms, nuclear technology and air washers.

[0013] Another problematic technology in this regard is electrostatic precipitators for electrical gas purification, electrostatic dust precipitators, or electrostatic filters, which rely on the separation of particles from gases using the electrostatic principle. Separation in the electrostatic precipitator can be divided into five separate phases: 1. Release of electrical charges, mostly electrons, 2. Charging of the dust particles in the electric field or ionizer, 3. Transport of the charged dust particles to the collecting electrode 4. Adhesion of the dust particles to the collecting electrode and 5. Removal of the dust layer from the collecting electrode.

[0014] However, it is not possible to completely separate particles in the nanometer range, so there is a risk of contamination with respirable particles in the environment of such plants.

[0015] These electrostatic precipitators are frequently used in exhaust gas treatment. Amines, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and other toxic gases are removed from the exhaust stream using membranes. Since the electrostatic precipitators cannot completely remove the finest particles, these damage the membranes and reduce their separation efficiency.

[0016] For details concerning toxicology, see the review articles by Günter Oberdörster, Eva Oberdörster and Jan Oberdörster, "Nanotoxicology. An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles", in Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113. (7), 2005, 823-839, and Günter Oberdörster, Vicki Stone and Ken Donaldson, "Toxicology of nanoparticles: A historical perspective", Nanotoxicology, March 2007; 1(1): 2-25.

[0017] From the international patent application WO 2017 / 153038A2 an aggregating device for the separation and / or purification of aerosols and solid particles and fibers from gases as well as of solid particles and fibers from liquid materials by acoustophoresis is known, comprising I) a conveying means selected from the group consisting of a conveyor belt, a liquid pressure, a liquid column and a liquid wave of the liquid material, sound waves modulated in the conveying direction, a centrifugal force, a centripetal force, a Coriolis force, gravity, an injector, a Venturi, a diffuser, a liquid multiplier, a gas multiplier, a Dyson, a jacket turbine, a delta-wing concentrator, a ring Venturi, a Magnus effect turbine, a Berwian or Berliner wind turbine, passive and active convection, effusion and diffusion, for receiving and / or conveying an aerosol and / or a liquid material in a conveying direction in the aggregating device, II) at least one exciter for generating an acoustic sound wave intended to act on the aerosol and / or the liquid material, and III) a means for separating a first,condensed liquids and / or aggregated solids-containing material part of the aerosol and / or the liquid material, and their use for conducting acoustophoretic procedures. An air filter, in particular a HEPA filter, is installed upstream and / or downstream of the aggregation device.

[0018] The known aggregation device has a high separation rate, but there is still a risk that the separation rate or filtration efficiency will be significantly reduced if the gas contains a particularly high concentration of suspended solids or suspended particles containing MMPS. No measures are specified for how these MMPS particles can be filtered efficiently, i.e., at a rate of more than 99%. Furthermore, no measures are specified for how particles with particle sizes in the range of 1 nm to 50 nm can be filtered, since these are not captured by ULPA, EPA, or HEPA.

[0019] American patent US 6,447,574 B1 discloses a method and device for removing molecules and dirt particles. In this method, a contaminated gas stream is passed through moisture-containing shock waves, causing the dirt particles and molecules to change or grow, making them separable from the gas stream. The patent also points out that electrostatic precipitators are largely ineffective at separating particles with a particle size of <2 to 3 µm.

[0020] American patent US 5,769,913 discloses an acoustic chamber with a cross-section of 0.5 × 0.5 m and a length of 2 m. In this chamber, aerosol flows of 1000 to 2000 m³ / hour emit an energy of 300 W per transmitter through four plate-shaped transmitters with a diameter of 48 cm. The transmitters are arranged in groups along the chamber walls or alternately. Without associated reflectors, the effective acoustic energy is about half the radiated energy, on the order of about 150 W per transmitter. This means that the total energy acting on the aerosol flow is 600 W. The power level inside the chamber exceeds 160 dB. This allows a pond enlargement of one order of magnitude to 1 to 10 µm at frequencies of 20 kHz with aerosols with particles of 0.2 to 2 µm and concentrations of 0.1 to 4 g / m 3<.This particle enlargement is crucial for filterability by electrostatic filters, as these are only effective for particle sizes > 5 µm.

[0021] German patent application DE 198 46 115 A1 discloses a device for absorbing particles in a gas stream. The device comprises a resonance tube arranged in the flow field of the gas stream and equipped with a sound source for generating a standing pressure wave. The standing pressure wave captures the particles from the gas stream, after which they are discharged through particle removal devices.

[0022] An acoustic chamber for the treatment of exhaust gases is known from international patent application WO 92 / 09354. The exhaust gases flow straight through the chamber along the chamber axis, where they are exposed to an acoustic field. The chamber has a regular polygonal cross-section with 2k sides, each containing k sound sources. The axes of the sound sources form an angle of 180 / k when projected onto a cross-sectional area. The sound sources are assigned to a respective side wall. The emitted sound waves are therefore reflected several times by the chamber walls before striking an obliquely arranged reflector at the end of the chamber. This creates standing waves with different frequencies, which trap the fine particles in the exhaust stream. The variable k is 2 or 3. Frequencies <25 kHz are used.Further prior art documents are WO 2017 / 154804 A1, JP S59 154151 A, CN 205 669 422 U, US 2003 / 200864 A1 and WO 2011 / 152796 A1. Object of the present invention

[0023] The present invention therefore aimed to propose filter systems capable of removing suspended matter with an average particle size d 50 of 400 pm to ≤500 µm from fluids, particularly gases, and especially from air, with an efficiency of >80%. Furthermore, the filter systems and the filtration processes performed therewith should be usable in numerous scientific, technical, and medical fields. Inventive solution

[0024] Accordingly, filter systems for suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm in flowing fluids with a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec, the filter systems each comprising at least one device for ≥80% reduction of the specific particle number (N / Vt) of suspended matter with particle sizes of 400 pm to 50 nm and / or for ≥80% reduction of the specific particle number (N / Vt) of suspended matter with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm in flowing fluids and / or in bodies through which the fluids can flow and which are fixed in the fluids, selected from the group consisting of fluid-permeable, vibrating membranes, foams, nets, threads and fabrics, by an energy input of 0.25 W up to 1 kW by at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field with a power level of 40 to 250 dB from standing,modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and / or ultrasonic transverse waves and their harmonics of a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz, so that flowing fluids with suspended matter of a specific particle number (N / Vt) of below the detection limit to <0.1% and / or with suspended matter of a specific particle number (N / Vt) of below the detection limit to <0.1% as well as with suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% and / or with suspended matter with particle sizes ≥400 nm to 500 µm of a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% are obtainable, the device further comprising at least one wallless flow region and / or at least one flow tube with a closed wall (2.1.1) which encloses or encloses at least one flow channel, for flowing through initially the fluids and in its further course from the treated fluids, whereby ,the at least one wallless flow region (i) at least two pairs of mutually assigned and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated, opposing reflector, the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersecting at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field, which at least one flow tube (i) at least two pairs of mutually assigned and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an opposing reflector associated with the exciter or exciter-receiver,which are arranged on the outside and / or the inside and / or in the respective closed wall itself such that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and / or (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field, wherein at least one electronic device is further provided for generating, monitoring and stabilizing the at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field by means of at least one feedback loop, wherein at least one conveying device is further provided for a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec for the fluids in and through the at least one flow tube and / or the at least one wallless flow region,wherein furthermore at least one fluid connection of the at least one flow tube and / or the at least one wallless flow area is provided with at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids can flow, whereby the specific particle numbers (N / Vt) of the suspended matter in the filtered fluids emerging from the filter systems are below the detection limit or amount to up to 0.1%, where N = particle number, V = volume [m 3< ], t = time [h], and the above-mentioned percentages are each based on the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended matter = 100%.

[0025] In the following, this filter system is referred to as the "filter system according to the invention." Furthermore, the filtration process was discovered, which comprises the following process steps I to V: (I) Fluids containing suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm are conveyed by means of at least one, in particular one, conveying device into and through at least one flow tube and / or at least one, in particular one, wall-free flow region of at least one, in particular one, device with a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec through at least one, in particular one, flow channel, wherein the at least one, in particular one, flow tube is enclosed by a closed wall. (II) In the flowing fluids and / or in the bodies through which the fluids flow and fixed in the fluids, at least one, in particular one, stationary acoustic ultrasonic field with a power level of 40 to 250 dB and an energy input into the at least one, in particular one, flow channel of 0.25 W to 1 kW is generated by means of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz, which consists of stationary,modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and / or ultrasonic transverse waves and their harmonics, wherein in the case of the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, the at least one, in particular one, ultrasonic field is generated by (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or by at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated, opposing reflector, the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersecting at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two, in particular at least three, centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves, in the case of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube, the at least one, in particular one,Ultrasonic field generated by (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an opposing reflector associated with the exciter or exciter-receiver, which are arranged on the outside and / or the inside and / or in the respective closed wall itself such that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two, in particular at least three, centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves (2.4.2). wherein the at least one, in particular one, stationary acoustic ultrasonic field is generated, monitored, and monitored by at least one electronic device for generating feedback loops.is modulated and stabilized and wherein the fluids and, in the further course of the flow channel, the treated fluids are conveyed through at least one, in particular one, conveying device in the conveying direction into and through the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, through at least one, in particular one, fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region to at least one, in particular one, filter of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids flow, with a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec, wherein by condensation, aggregation, agglomeration, compression, separation, separation, impact, impact, growth and redetachment,Addition of particles with a particle size of >400 nm to ≤500 µm and / or changes in the concentration of components of the suspended matter, the flowing fluids are formed with suspended matter with particle sizes of 1 nm to ≤50 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20% and / or with suspended matter with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20% as well as suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (NNt) ≥80% and / or with suspended matter with particle sizes ≥400 nm to ≤500 µm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≥80%, (III) The fluids and in the further course of the flow channel the treated fluids are conveyed through at least one, in particular one, conveying device in the conveying direction into and through the at least one, in particular one, flow pipe and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, through at least one,in particular a fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow area to at least one, in particular one, filter of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids flow, is promoted, whereby by condensation, aggregation, agglomeration, compression, separation, separation, impact, impact, growth and redetachment, addition of particles of a particle size >400 nm to ≤500 µm and / or by changes in the concentration of components of the suspended matter, the treated flowing fluids are provided with suspended matter of a particle size of 400 pm to ≤ 50 nm, a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20%, preferably ≤10%, preferably ≤5% and in particular ≤1% and / or with suspended matter (2.3.2) MPPS particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm of a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20%, preferably ≤10%,preferably ≤5% and in particular ≤1% and with suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≥80%, preferably ≥90%, preferably ≥95% and in particular ≥99% and / or with suspended matter (2.3.4) with particle sizes ≥400 nm to 500 µm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≥80%, preferably ≥90%, preferably ≥95% and in particular ≥99%. (IV) These suspended particles are separated from the flowing fluids by the at least one, in particular one, filter, after which the filtered fluids exiting via at least one, in particular one, fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, filter with at least one, in particular one, outlet device contain the suspended particles of different particle sizes in specific particle numbers (NNt) below the respective detection limit and / or up to 0.1%, where N = particle number, V = volume [m 3< ], t = time [h],and the percentages refer to the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended particles = 100%. (V) Alternatively or additionally, the said suspended particles are discharged before and / or after the at least one filter with the aid of ultrasonic shock waves and / or superpositions of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves with their standing harmonics from the at least one, in particular one, flow channel into at least one, in particular one, branch of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, fed to at least one filter, in particular two further filters, and filtered.

[0026] In the following, the filtration process described above is referred to as the "filtration process according to the invention".

[0027] Furthermore, the use of the filter systems according to the invention and the filtration method according to the invention for the removal of organic, inorganic and / or biogenic, liquid, gel-like and / or solid suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm from liquid, gel-like and / or gaseous fluids was found, which is referred to below as "use according to the invention".

[0028] Last but not least, the equipment and systems were found which comprise at least one filter system according to the invention and are referred to below as "equipment and systems according to the invention". Advantages of the invention

[0029] In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object underlying the present invention could be achieved with the aid of the filter systems according to the invention, the filtration method according to the invention, the use according to the invention and the equipment and systems according to the invention.

[0030] In particular, it was surprising that the filter systems according to the invention and the filtration process according to the invention could be used in so many different scientific, technical, and medical fields. Furthermore, the filter systems according to the invention and the filtration process according to the invention could be used not only on an industrial or clinical scale, but also in private households or in doctor's offices, dentist's offices, analytical laboratories, or chemical laboratories. They proved to be extremely effective and were capable of removing suspended matter, which could not be filtered or could only be filtered very poorly by prior art methods, from gaseous and / or liquid fluids with an effectiveness of >99%, based on the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended matter.It was therefore ideally suited for applications where the prevention of health risks was of paramount importance.

[0031] In particular, suspended solids with a size of 400 pm to 50 nm and MPPS particles could be easily removed from liquid, gaseous and gel-like fluids with an effectiveness >99%.

[0032] Another significant advantage of the filter systems according to the invention and the filtration processes according to the invention was that they could also be applied in the micro range, for example on labs-on-a-chip.

[0033] Further advantages are evident from the following description. Detailed description of the invention

[0034] The filter system according to the invention serves for the almost complete or complete removal of suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm, preferably 1 nm to ≤100 µm, preferably 1 nm to ≤10 µm and in particular 1 nm to ≤5 µm from flowing fluids with a volume flow of 10 -2< mL / sec to 10 5< mL / sec by an energy input of 0.25 W to 1 kW by means of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz and a power level of 40 to 250 dB.

[0035] The fluids can be gaseous, gel-like, liquid, or mixed phases. In particular, the fluids include air, industrial gases, organic liquids with organic liquids, and mixtures of at least two of these fluids. In particular, the fluids include air, industrial gases, raw gases, medical gases, exhaust gases, water, wastewater, organic solvents, solutions, edible oils, lubricating oils, gear oils, crude oils, foodstuffs, coolants, dispersions, suspensions, and emulsions.

[0036] The suspended particles are present in aerosols, suspensions and / or emulsions and / or as solids, gels, aerosols, suspensions and / or emulsions.

[0037] In detail, the suspended matter can be fine-particle turbidity, liquid waste, fermentation residues, animal waste, liquid manure, slaughterhouse waste, liquid manure, excrement, kitchen waste, biowaste, radioactive and non-radioactive, organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic and / or biogenic particles, cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, e-cigarette smoke, fiber materials, biogas plant waste, surface coating agents, paint residues, sewage sludge, effluent, paints, varnishes, sealing materials, polymer waste, macromolecules, acid aerosols, gas bubbles formed by cavitation in fluids, viruses and microorganisms, insect eggs, parts of insects, fine dust generated during road traffic, shipping and air traffic, welding, mechanical abrasion, leaks in systems, renovation work, wood processing, stone processing as well as building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires of Pipelines, crude oil production facilities, natural gas production facilities, mines,Coal seams and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms.

[0038] The filter system according to the invention is intended for the filtration of suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm in flowing fluids with a volume flow of 10 -2< mL / sec to 10 5< mL / sec. The filter systems according to the invention comprise at least one, in particular one, device for ≥80% reduction of the specific particle number (N / Vt) of suspended matter with particle sizes of 400 pm to 50 nm and / or for ≥80% reduction of the specific particle number (N / Vt) of suspended matter with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm in flowing fluids and / or in bodies through which the fluids can flow and which are fixed in the fluids, selected from the group consisting of fluid-permeable, vibrating membranes, foams, nets, threads and fabrics, by an energy input of 0.25 W to 1 kW by at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field with a power level of 40 to 250 dB from standing,modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and / or ultrasonic transverse waves and their harmonics with a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz, so that flowing fluids with suspended matter with a specific particle number (N / Vt) of below the detection limit to <0.1% and / or with suspended matter with a specific particle number (N / Vt) of below the detection limit to <0.1% as well as with suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% and / or with suspended matter with particle sizes ≥400 nm to 500 µm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% are obtained.

[0039] The device to be used according to the invention further comprises at least one, in particular one, wall-free flow region and / or at least one, in particular one, flow tube with a closed wall (2.1.1), which encloses or encloses at least one, in particular one, flow channel, through which the fluids flow first and, in its further course, the treated fluids flow.

[0040] The at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region comprises (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated, opposing reflector, the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersecting at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field.

[0041] The at least one, in particular one, flow tube comprises (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an opposing reflector associated with the exciter or exciter-receiver, which are arranged on the outside and / or the inside and / or in the respective closed wall itself in such a way that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and / or (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one stationary acoustic ultrasonic field.

[0042] Furthermore, at least one, in particular an electronic device for generating, monitoring and stabilizing the at least one, in particular one, standing acoustic ultrasonic field by means of at least one feedback loop is provided.

[0043] In addition, at least one, in particular one, conveying device for a volume flow of 10 -2< mL / sec to 10 5< mL / sec is provided for the fluids in and through the at least one flow tube and / or the at least one wallless flow region.

[0044] Last but not least, there is at least one, in particular one, fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wall-free flow area with at least one filter or with at least two filters, a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids can flow, according to which the specific particle numbers (N / Vt) of the suspended matter in the filtered fluids emerging from the filter systems are in each case below the detection limit or amount to up to 0.1%, where N = particle number, V = volume [m 3< ], t = time [h], and the percentages given above are in each case based on the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended matter = 100%.

[0045] The standing modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic waves can be combined with ultrasonic shock waves.

[0046] Preferably, the exciters of longitudinal waves and their harmonics, preferably of compression waves and their harmonics and in particular of ultrasonic waves and their harmonics, are MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems), loudspeakers, vibrating membranes, piezoelectric loudspeakers, sound transducers, virtual sound sources, moving coils, magnetostatic loudspeakers, ribbon, foil and jet tweeters, horn drivers, bending wave transducers, plasma loudspeakers, electromagnetic loudspeakers, exciters, ultrasonic transducers and phantom sound sources.

[0047] Preferably, the sound sources are sound- and vibration-decoupled from their supports.

[0048] If at least one, in particular one, wallless flow area is used, it is surrounded by sound sources which are preferably sound- and vibration-decoupled from their supports.

[0049] Preferably, the reflectors are selected from the group consisting of flat, concave and convex sound reflectors.

[0050] According to the invention, the bodies fixed in the flow channel are selected from the group consisting of fluid-permeable, vibrating membranes, foams, nets, threads, and fabrics. The fixed bodies can be plastic membranes, plastic fabrics, textile fabrics, gauze, glass fiber nonwovens, needle felt, paper filters, ceramic filters, glass filters, sintered metal filters, and open-pore foams. These materials can also be in the form of particles, in particular spherical particles with a particle size in the range of 500 µm to 2 mm, with which the flow channel is filled.

[0051] Preferably, the at least one, in particular one, filter with a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm is selected from the group consisting of high-performance particle filters EPA, HEPA filters, high-performance ULPA filters, medium filters, pressure-loss-free tube filters, pre-filters, automotive interior filters, cake filters, cross-flow filters, flexible filters, rigid filters, industrial (Siebec) filters, fleeces, backwash filters, water filters, precoat filters, room filters, layered bed filters, membranes, magnetic filters, graphene filters, Venturi scrubbers, gas separators, gas scrubbers, SCR catalysts and OCR catalysts, wherein the materials are selected from the group consisting of etched metals, sintered metals, metal foams, metal threads, metal wool, metal mesh, monolithic, permeable plastics, Plastic fabrics, plastic threads, plastic wool, plastic fabrics, plastic foams, paper, cardboard, cellulose threads,Cellulose fabrics, cellulose wools, lignin threads, lignin wools, lignin fabrics, natural fibers, natural wool, natural fiber fabrics, natural fiber knits, natural material foams, sponges, glass fibers, glass wool, glass frits, monolithic permeable ceramics, ceramic frits, ceramic fibers, ceramic fabrics, ceramic wools, ceramic foams, boron fibers and stone fibers as well as composite materials made of at least two of the aforementioned materials.

[0052] Preferably, the at least one, in particular one, conveying device is selected from the group consisting of a fluid pressure, a fluid column and a fluid wave of the fluid, wind, sound waves modulated in the conveying direction, a centrifugal force, a centripetal force, a Coriolis force, gravity, an injector, a Venturi, a diffuser, a liquid multiplier, a gas multiplier, a Dyson, a fan, a ducted turbine, a delta-wing concentrator, a ring Venturi, a Magnus effect turbine, a Berwian or Berlin wind turbine, passive and active convection, effusion, and diffusion. Gas multipliers, Dysons, fans, liquid multipliers, and ring Venturis are preferably used.

[0053] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the filter system according to the invention, at least one, in particular one, device is connected to the at least one, in particular one, flow pipe and / or to the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, by means of which particles with a particle size of 400 nm to 500 µm can be metered into the flow channel. This shifts the particle size distributions of the suspended matter into size ranges in which the particles can be filtered particularly effectively.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the filter system according to the invention, at least one, in particular a fluid connection is formed between the at least one, in particular the one, flow pipe and at least one, in particular one, Venturi pipe section with a fluid-permeable wall.

[0055] The wall of the at least one, in particular one, Venturi pipe section is fluid-permeable due to at least four, preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten, and in particular at least twenty openings, in particular circular openings, which are arranged in a circle around the wall. The at least one, in particular one, Venturi pipe section preferably comprises at least two, preferably at least three, particularly preferably at least four, and in particular at least five of these circular arrangements. Furthermore, in front of each circular arrangement on the inside of the fluid-permeable wall, an annular adjusting plate is attached, inclined counter to the flow direction, preferably at an angle of 30 to 70° and in particular at an angle of 60°.The adjusting plates operate according to the ring Venturi principle and direct the suspended matter and a portion of the fluids into the openings in the fluid-permeable wall to at least one, in particular a filter, which surrounds the at least one, in particular a Venturi tube section in the form of a sleeve, which in turn is enclosed at a distance from at least one, in particular a closed wall, so that at least one, in particular a collection gap is formed for the filtered fluid. The at least one, in particular a closed wall has at least one, in particular a fluid connection to at least one, in particular an outlet device or to at least one, in particular a chimney, for the discharge of the filtered fluid.

[0056] In this embodiment, the fluid emerging from the at least one, in particular one, filter is collected in the at least one, in particular one, collecting gap and is discharged directly via at least one, in particular one, outlet device and / or is returned via at least one, in particular one, return line and at least one, in particular one, outlet opening into the fluid flowing in the at least one, in particular one, extension piece of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube.Or the filtered fluid emerging from the at least one, in particular one, filter is fed directly via at least one, in particular one, fluid connection to at least one, in particular one, outlet device and / or is fed back into the fluid flowing in the at least one, in particular one, extension piece of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube via at least one, in particular one, return line and at least one, in particular one, outlet opening.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement comprising at least one, in particular a part of the at least one, in particular one, collection gap with at least one, in particular one, part of the at least one, in particular one, return line can be removed from the rest of the filter system. For this purpose, the separation points can be secured with circumferential flange connections with elastomer seals and encompassing clamps. After the separation and removal of the parts, the at least one, in particular one, sleeve-shaped, used filter can be replaced with at least one, in particular one, fresh filter.

[0058] Alternatively, the at least one, in particular one, Venturi tube section can be enclosed by at least one, in particular one, outwardly closed, sleeve-shaped collecting gap for collecting and supplying the fluid via at least one, in particular one, collecting pipe to at least one, in particular one, filter. Preferably, the at least one, in particular one, filter is located in a fluid-tight filter housing which has at least one, in particular one, of the flange connections described above. The filter can lie on at least one, in particular one, perforated plate and / or be covered by at least one, in particular one, perforated plate. At least one, in particular one, coarse filter can also be located on the filter, which catches any detached filter material so that it does not contaminate the outflowing filtered fluid.

[0059] In this embodiment, the filtered fluid can be returned to the at least one, in particular one, extension piece via at least one, in particular one, return line, as described above. Alternatively, the filtered fluid can be discharged in another way.

[0060] In a further embodiment, the clear width of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube narrows continuously and / or abruptly in the flow direction, so that the dead volume of the fluids free or substantially free of suspended matter is reduced.

[0061] In yet another embodiment, the suspended matter and particles before and / or after the at least one, in particular one, filter are discharged from the at least one, in particular one, flow channel into at least one, in particular one, branch of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region by means of shock waves and / or superpositions of standing longitudinal waves with their standing harmonics and are then filtered by means of the at least one filter.

[0062] Furthermore, the filter system according to the invention described above can be mounted in a vibration-free manner, be airworthy, mobile and / or buoyant, and can be equipped with or without suction and blowers.

[0063] Preferably, the filter system according to the invention is used for the filtration process according to the invention, which comprises the following process steps I to V: (I) Fluids containing suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm are conveyed by means of at least one, in particular one, conveying device into and through at least one flow tube and / or at least one, in particular one, wall-free flow region of at least one, in particular one, device with a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec through at least one, in particular one, flow channel, wherein the at least one, in particular one, flow tube is enclosed by a closed wall. (II) In the flowing fluids and / or in the bodies through which the fluids flow and fixed in the fluids, at least one, in particular one, stationary acoustic ultrasonic field with a power level of 40 to 250 dB and an energy input into the at least one, in particular one, flow channel of 0.25 W to 1 kW is generated by means of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz, which consists of stationary,modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and / or ultrasonic transverse waves and their harmonics, wherein in the case of the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, the at least one, in particular one, ultrasonic field is generated by (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or by at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated, opposing reflector, the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersecting at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two, in particular at least three, centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves, in the case of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube, the at least one, in particular one,Ultrasonic field generated by (i) at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and / or at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of an exciter or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an opposing reflector associated with the exciter or exciter-receiver, which are arranged on the outside and / or the inside and / or in the respective closed wall itself such that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and / or by (ii) at least two, in particular at least three, centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves (2.4.2). wherein the at least one, in particular one, stationary acoustic ultrasonic field is generated, monitored, and monitored by at least one electronic device for generating feedback loops.is modulated and stabilized and wherein the fluids and, in the further course of the flow channel, the treated fluids are conveyed through at least one, in particular one, conveying device in the conveying direction into and through the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, through at least one, in particular one, fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region to at least one, in particular one, filter of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids flow, with a volume flow of 10 -2 < mL / sec to 10 5 < mL / sec, wherein by condensation, aggregation, agglomeration, compression, separation, separation, impact, impact, growth and redetachment,Addition of particles with a particle size of >400 nm to ≤500 µm and / or changes in the concentration of components of the suspended matter, the flowing fluids are formed with suspended matter with particle sizes of 1 nm to ≤50 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20% and / or with suspended matter with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm and a specific particle number (NNt) ≤20% as well as suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) 280% and / or with suspended matter with particle sizes ≥400 nm to ≤500 µm and a specific particle number (NNt) ≥80%, (III) The fluids and, further along the flow channel, the treated Fluids through at least one, in particular one, conveying device in the conveying direction into and through the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow area, through at least one,in particular a fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow area to at least one, in particular one, filter of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, through which the fluids flow, is promoted, whereby by condensation, aggregation, agglomeration, compression, separation, separation, impact, impact, growth and redetachment, addition of particles of a particle size >400 nm to ≤500 µm and / or by changes in the concentration of components of the suspended matter, the treated flowing fluids are provided with suspended matter of a particle size of 400 pm to ≤ 50 nm, a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20%, preferably ≤10%, preferably ≤5% and in particular ≤1% and / or with suspended matter (2.3.2) MPPS particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm of a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≤20%, preferably ≤10%,preferably ≤5% and in particular ≤1% and with suspended matter with particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≥80%, preferably ≥90%, preferably ≥95% and in particular ≥99% and / or with suspended matter (2.3.4) with particle sizes ≥400 nm to 500 µm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) ≥80%, preferably ≥90%, preferably ≥95% and in particular ≥99%. (IV) These suspended particles are separated from the flowing fluids by the at least one, in particular one, filter, after which the filtered fluids exiting via at least one, in particular one, fluid connection of the at least one, in particular one, filter with at least one, in particular one, outlet device contain the suspended particles of different particle sizes in specific particle numbers (N / Vt) below the respective detection limit and / or up to 0.1%, where N = particle number, V = volume [m 3< ], t = time [h],and the percentages refer to the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended matter = 100%. (V) Alternatively or additionally, the said suspended matter is discharged before and / or after the at least one filter with the aid of ultrasonic shock waves and / or superpositions of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves with their standing harmonics from the at least one, in particular one, flow channel into at least one, in particular one, branch of the at least one, in particular one, flow tube and / or the at least one, in particular one, wallless flow region, fed to at least one, in particular two, further filters and filtered.

[0064] In a further embodiment, the filtered fluids are returned at least once to the at least one, in particular one, filter system, and the filtration process is repeated at least once.

[0065] The filter systems according to the invention and the filtration method according to the invention can be used advantageously in all technical, scientific and medical fields.

[0066] Thus, the filter systems according to the invention and the filtration process according to the invention can in principle be used for the removal of organic, inorganic and / or biogenic, gaseous liquid and / or solid suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm and / or other molecularly dispersed noxious substances from liquid and / or gaseous fluids and / or for their chemical conversion in these fluids.

[0067] The fluids can be air, industrial gases, raw gases, medical gases, exhaust gases, water, waste water, organic solvents, solutions, edible oils, lubricating oils, gear oils, crude oils, foodstuffs, coolants, gels, dispersions, suspensions and / or emulsions.

[0068] Suspended particles can include fine-particle turbidity, liquid waste, fermentation residues, animal waste, liquid manure, slaughterhouse waste, liquid manure, excrement, kitchen waste, biowaste, radioactive and non-radioactive, organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic and / or biogenic particles, cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, e-cigarette smoke, fiber materials, biogas plant waste, surface coating agents, paint residues, sewage sludge, effluent, paints, varnishes, sealing materials, polymer waste, macromolecules, acid aerosols, mercury vapors, gas bubbles formed by cavitation in fluids, cells, organelles, blood cells, viruses and microorganisms, prions, spores, pollen, seeds, insect eggs, parts of insects, flour dust, fine dust generated during road traffic, shipping and air traffic, welding, soldering, mechanical abrasion, leaks in systems, Renovation work, woodworking, stoneworking and building fires,Forest fires, peat fires, pipeline fires, crude oil production facilities, natural gas production facilities, mines, coal seams and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms.

[0069] The filter systems according to the invention and the filtration process according to the invention can be used - to name just a few examples - for the coagulation of protein, for the re-compaction of gels, for increasing the reaction rate of chemical reactions, for the destruction of microorganisms, for the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and / or cooling of room air, for the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and / or cooling of air in air conditioning systems, fume cupboards, clean rooms, ultra-clean rooms, personnel locks and positive and negative pressure chambers, for the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and / or cooling of air, gases and liquids for human and veterinary use, for the cleaning of cell cultures, for the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and / or cooling of the atmosphere in manned space vehicles, for the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and / or cooling of air in automobiles, trucks, buses, trains, ships, aircraft,Animal stables and toilet facilities, recycling and purification of exhaust gases from combustion engines, atmospheric purification, collection of gaseous, solid and liquid terrestrial samples, collection of atmospheric samples up to and in the stratosphere, collection of gaseous, solid and liquid planetary and atmospheric samples on planets with atmospheres, radioactive decontamination, extraction of liquid water from the terrestrial atmosphere, protection of filter membranes, water filters, gas filters from suspended particles, dissolution and detachment of filter cakes from filters and membranes, and post-purification of exhaust gases from electrostatic dust collectors, Venturi scrubbers, optical separators, gas separators, gas scrubbers, SCR catalysts, OCR catalysts and electrostatics.

[0070] The filter systems according to the invention can be used - to name a few examples - in and on devices for increasing the speed of chemical reactions, in and on dust protection curtains, in and on devices for clinical and non-clinical intensive care and respiratory care, in lower anesthesia devices, in and on devices for converting ammonia and NOx into nitrogen, in and on devices for ventilating clean rooms, ultra-clean rooms, personnel locks, fume hoods, negative and positive pressure chambers, in and on gas masks and breathing masks, in and on devices for protection against viruses, microorganisms, insect eggs and insect parts, in and on devices for protection against smog, VOG, car exhaust fumes, dust, aerosols and fire gases, in and on cigarettes, cigars and e-cigarettes, in and on vacuum cleaners, in and on extraction systems for welding torches, laser cutters and grinding machines, in and on the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines, in and on devices for protection against welding spatter, welding mists,Spray paint overspray and dust explosions, in and on ventilation systems of animal stables and toilet facilities and in devices, apparatus and systems for the removal of fine dust and noxious substances due to mechanical abrasion, leaks in systems, during renovation work, during wood processing, stone processing and waste incineration, building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires in pipelines, crude oil production facilities, natural gas production facilities, mines, coal seams and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms, in and on aircraft, in and on remote-controlled robotic vehicles for collecting dust samples on Earth and on other celestial bodies with atmospheres and for radioactive decontamination, in and on systems for extracting water from the atmosphere, in and on systems with electric dust separators and electrostatics, in and on electrical appliances, washing machines, tumble dryers,Refrigerators, freezers, PCs, laptops, notebooks, iPads, servers, in and on plant-based air purifiers, and in and on passively drifting or powered overhead and underwater swimming devices for collecting microplastics in seawater, lakes, and non-rivers.

[0071] With the aid of the filter systems according to the invention of the filtration process according to the invention, molecularly disperse noxious substances such as partially halogenated and perhalogenated organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, sulfur hexafluoride and other gaseous fluorides, NOx, nitrous gases, nitrous oxide, ammonia, amines, phosphines, phosgene, pseudohalogens, halogens, halogen oxides, peroxides, peroxide radicals, radioactive compounds and nuclides, oxygen radicals and ozone can be removed.

[0072] Overall, the devices and systems according to the invention, which contain the filter systems according to the invention, offer the advantages described above. Examples of devices and systems include roads, bridges, buildings, air conditioning systems, clinics, medical devices, laboratories, clean room laboratories, power plants, nuclear power plants, incineration plants, chemical plants, gas separation plants, nuclear facilities, means of transport on land, water, in the air, underground, and underwater, as well as the interiors of spacecraft, satellites, and space stations.

[0073] The above lists of uses, equipment, and systems are exemplary and not exhaustive. The skilled person can readily suggest further uses, equipment, and systems based on the teachings of the invention. Short description of the characters

[0074] In the following, the filter systems 1 according to the invention, the filtration method according to the invention and their uses according to the invention are described with reference to Figures 1 to 35 explained in more detail by way of example. Figures 1 to 35 are schematic representations intended to illustrate the essential features of the filter systems according to the invention, the filtration process according to the invention, and their uses according to the invention and therefore need not be drawn to scale. They show, not to scale: Figure 1 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 according to the invention with a device 2 for reducing specific particle numbers N / VT [particle number / m 3 < h] and a filter 3; Figure 1a shows a plan view of a cross section through the device 2 along the section line AB; Figure 2 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 according to the invention with a pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 and outlet openings for the fluid 2.2.1 to the sleeve-shaped filter 3.6; Figure 3 shows a plan view of a cross section of the filter system 1 according to the invention according to the Figure 2; Figure 4 is a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 with a pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 and a collecting pipe 2.7.7 for supplying the fluid 2.2.1 to the filter 3; Figure 5 is a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 with clip-on connections and a pressure-loss-free tube filter 3.3; Figure 6 is a plan view of a block diagram of an exhaust system 4 for gasoline or diesel engines with installation positions 1a-1j of filter systems 1; Figure 7 is a plan view of a block diagram of a medical respirator, ventilation device or anesthesia device 5 with installation positions 1k-1n of filter systems 1; Figure 8 is a perspective view of a respiratory mask 6 with a filter system 1 as inspirator and an expirator 6.4 with check valve 6.4.1; Figure 9 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a stable ventilation chimney 7 with the installation positions 1o-1s for the filter systems 1; Figure 10 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a stable ventilation chimney 8 with the installation positions 1o-1s for filter systems 1; Figure 11 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a horizontally mounted recirculating air cleaner 9 in an animal stable with the installation positions 1t-1v for the filter systems 1; Figure 12 a plan view of a cross section through a rack 10 for holding filter systems 1; Figure 13 a plan view of a longitudinal section along the section line CD through the rack 10 of the . Figure 12 ; Figure 14 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a box-shaped receiving device 11 for the frame 10 in a stable ventilation chimney 8; Figure 15 a perspective view of the box-shaped receiving device 11 according to the Figure 14; Figure 16 a top view of a cross section through a steel roof 12 with installation positions 1w-1z for the filter systems 1; Figure 17 a top view of a longitudinal section through a fluid-tight, 2-sided arrangement 13 of one exciter-receiver each 2.4.1; Figure 18 a top view of a longitudinal section through a quipu-shaped arrangement 13a of arrangements 13 according to Figure 17 with suspension wires 13.4, a Venturi support plate 13.5 and a filter 3; Figure 19 a top view of the Venturi support plate 13.5 according to Figure 18 ; Figure 20 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a self-sufficient, vertical water extraction system 14 for arid areas with vertical filter systems 1; Figure 21 a plan view of a cross section along the section line EF through the self-sufficient, vertical water extraction system 14 according to the Figure 20 ; Figure 22 a plan view of an enlarged section V of the cross section EF according to the Figure 21; Figure 23 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a self-sufficient, horizontal, inclined water extraction system 15 for arid regions with horizontal filter systems 1; Figure 24 a plan view of a cross section along the section line GH through the self-sufficient, horizontal, inclined water extraction system 15 with vertical filter systems 1; Figure 25 the side view of a filter system 1 equipped for flight; Figure 26 the side view of another embodiment of a filter system 1 equipped for flight; Figure 27 a side view of a robot vehicle 17 with a filter system 1; Figure 28 a plan view of a longitudinal section through an electric dust collector or electrostatic device 18 with a downstream filter system 1; Figure 29 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 with a branch 2.1.8 of the flow pipe 2.1 and a filter pipe parallel to the flow pipe 2.1. 2.1.9; Figure 29a a plan view of a cross section through the flow pipe 2.1 of the filter system 1 according to . Figure 29 ; Figure 30 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a filter system 1 with a branch 2.1.10 of the flow pipe 2.1; Figure 30a a plan view of a cross section through the flow pipe 2.1 of the filter system 1; Figure 31 a plan view of a longitudinal section through a flow pipe 2.1 of a filter system 1 with exciters 2.4.1 that emit ultrasonic transverse waves 2.4.2T; Figure 31a a plan view of the cross section of the flow pipe 2.1 of the Figure 31along the section line KL; Figure 32 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a flow tube 2.1 with exciters 2.4.1 arranged along its center line, which emit ultrasonic transverse waves 2.4.2T; Figure 33 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a "fresh air tree" 19; Figure 34 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a plant pot 20 as an air purifier; and Figure 35 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a plant pot 20 as an air purifier.

[0075] In the Figures 1 to 35 the reference symbols have the following meaning: 1 Filter system 1a-1j Installation positions of filter systems 1 in exhaust systems 4 for diesel and gasoline engines 1k-1n Installation positions of filter systems 1 in ventilators and anesthesia machines 5 1o-1s Installation positions of filter systems 1 in stable ventilation chimneys 7 and 8 1t-1v Installation positions of filter systems 1 in the air purifier 9 inside the cattle house 1w-1z Installation positions of filter systems 1 in the stable roof 12 2 Device for reducing specific particle numbers N / Vt [particle number / m 3 < h] 2.1 Wallless flow area or flow pipe 2.1.1 Closed wall of the flow pipe 2.1 2.1.1.1 Outside of the closed wall 2.1.1 2.1.1.2 Inside of the closed wall 2.1.2 Continuation section 2.1.2.1External thread around the inlet opening 2.1.2.2 of the extension piece 2.1.2 2.1.2.2Inlet opening of the extension piece 2.1.2 2.1.2.3Fluid-tight butt edge "Edge of the wall 2.1.2.4 of the extension piece 2.1.2 / / pressure-loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1" 2.1.2.4Wall of the extension piece 2.1.2 2.1.3Annular gap 2.1.3.1Clearance of 2.1.3 2.1.3.2Plastic hose 2.1.4Clearance of 2.1 2.1.5Clip-on connection 2.1.6Pre-filter, outlet filter 2.1.7External thread at the end of flow tube 2.1 2.1.8Branch of flow tube 2.1 2.1.9Filter tube parallel to flow tube 2.1, flow-through 2.1.10Filter tube branching off from flow tube 2.1, reinforced against shock waves 2.4.2S 2.2Flowing fluid 2.2.1Flowing fluid with a very low specific particle number N / Vt of MPPS particles 2.3.2 and suspended solids 2.3.1 2.2.2 Filtered fluid 2.2.3 Discharged fluid cleaned by ultrasonic waves and their harmonics 2.4.2 Ü 2.2.4 Discharged fluid cleaned by shock waves 2.4.2 S 2.3 Suspended particles with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤5 µm 2.3.1 Suspended particles with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤50 nm 2.3.2 MPPS particles with a particle size of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm 2.3.3 Suspended particles with a particle size of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm 2.3.4Particles with a particle size ≥400 nm to 500 µm 2.3.5Particle-free or particle-depleted dead volume of the fluids 2.2 and 2.2.1 2.4Flow channel in the flow pipe or flow region 2.1 2.4.1Exciter or exciter-receiver of standing and / or modulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and / or transverse waves and / or their harmonics 2.4.2 2.4.1SExciter of ultrasonic shock waves, ultrasonic shock wave generator 2.4.2Standing, modulated and unmodulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves and ultrasonic transverse waves and their standing and non-standing harmonics; Standing acoustic ultrasonic field 2.4.2 Ultrasonic shock waves 2.4.2 Ultrasonic transverse waves 2.4.2 Superposition of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves with their non-standing harmonics 2.4.3 Reflectors 2.4.4 Wave nodes 2.4.5 Wave antinodes 2.5 Conveying device for the fluids 2.2, 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 2.5.1 Flow direction 2.5.2 Inlet pipe 2.6 From the fluids 2.2 Flow-through body fixed therein 2.7 Fluid connection of the flow tube 2.1 with the filter 3 2.7.1 Pressure-loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.2 Fluid-permeable wall of the Venturi tube section 2.7.1 2.7.3 Annular, inclined plate against the flow direction 2.5.1 2.7.4 Circular outlet opening for the fluid 2.2.1 2.7.5 Return of the fluid 2.2.2 into the extension section 2.1.2 2.7.5.1 Return pipe bend 2.7.5 2.7.5.2 Vertical part of the return 2.7.5 2.7.5.3 Horizontal bend 2.7.5.4 Horizontal part of the return 2.7.5 within the extension section 2.1.2 2.7.6Circular collecting gap for collecting and supplying the filtered fluid 2.2.2 to the fluid connection 3.9 or to the chimney 3.9 2.7.7Circular collecting gap for collecting and supplying the fluid 2.2.1 to a collecting pipe 2.7.8 2.7.8Collecting pipe for supplying the fluid 2.2.1 to the filter 3 2.8Device by means of which particles 2.3.4 a particle size >400 nm to 500 µm can be metered into the flow channel 2.4 2.8.1 Storage vessel 3 Filter 3a-3e Filter with different separation efficiency 3.1 Inlet opening for the fluid 2.2.1 into the filter housing 3.2 3.1.1 Internal thread corresponding to the external thread 2.1.7 3.1.1 3.2 Filter housing 3.2.1 Perforated plate 3.2.2 Perforated plate 3.2.3 Coarse filter 3.3 Outlet opening, outlet opening for the filtered fluid 2.2.2 for entering the Venturi nozzle 3.4 3.3.1 Internal thread around the outlet opening 3.3 3.4 Outlet for the fluid 2.2.2, Venturi nozzle 3.4.1 External thread on the Venturi nozzle 3.4 for screwing into the internal thread 3.3.1 3.5 Venturi nozzle outlet nozzle 3.4 3.6 Cuff-shaped filter 3 3.6.1 Pin and groove connection 3.7 Cuff-shaped closed wall around the filter 3.6 3.7.1 Cylindrical housing 3.7.1.1 Vertical part of the wall 3.7 3.7.1.2 Horizontal part of the wall 3.7 3.7.2 Internal thread around the opening 3.7.3 for the inlet of the air flow 2.2.1 into the pressure loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1 3.7.3Protruding annular reinforcement around the inlet opening 3.7.4 as a carrier of the internal thread 3.7.2 to accommodate the external thread 2.1.7 3.7.4Inlet opening 3.7.4.1Fluid-tight butt edge "pressure loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1 / / End edge of the wall 2.1.1 of the flow tube 2.1" 3.7.5Exit opening 3.7.5.1Protruding annular reinforcement around the outlet opening 3.7. 5 as a carrier of the internal thread 3.7.2 for receiving the external thread 2.1.7 3.7.5.2Internal thread 3.8Removable apparatus part for removing the sleeve-shaped filter section 3.6 3.8.1Circumferential flange connection 3.8.1.1Elastomer seal 3.8.1.2Clamp encompassing the flange connection 3.8.1 3.9Fluid connection (chimney) for the return 2.7.5 for the filtered air 2.2.2 into the continuation piece 2.1.2 3.9.1Circumferential flange connection in the return 2.7.5 3.9.1.1Elastomer seal 3.9.1.2Circumferential, the flange connections 3.9.1 encompassing clamping ring 3.10 Outlet pipe 3.10.1 Pressure-loss-free tube filter 4 Exhaust system for petrol and diesel engines 4.1 Connection of exhaust system 4 to a petrol engine 4.2 Soot filter and connection of exhaust system 4 to a diesel engine 4.3 Y-pipe 4.4 Catalytic converter 4.5 Pre-silencer 4.6 Muffler 4.7 Pipes 4.8 Exhaust outlet 5 Ventilator or anesthesia machine 5.1 Air metering 5.2 Inspirator 5.2.1 Ventilation tube 5.2.1.1 Gooseneck 5.2.1.2a Bypass 1 5.2.1.2b Bypass 2 5.2.1.2c Bypass 3 5.3 Expirator 5.4a Ventilation filter 5.4b Ventilation filter 5.4a.1 Metering connection 5.4a.2 Metering connection 5.5 Breathing mask 5.5.1 Connector for 5.2 and 5.3 6 Respiratory mask 6.1 Mouth and nose cover 6.2 Flexible holder 6.3 Flexible edge 6.4 Expirator with check valve 6.4.1 6.4.1 Check valve 6.5 Clip-on holder made of hard rubber 6.5.1 Reinforcing ring made of hard rubber 6.6 PowerPack 7 Barn ventilation chimney 7.1 Diffuser 7.1.1 Annular inlet slit 7.2 Ventilation pipe 7.2a Upper part of the ventilation pipe 7.2 7.2bLower part of the ventilation pipe 7.2 7.2.1Uninsulated pipe wall 7.2.2Push-in connection 7.2a-7.2b 7.3Pipe clamp 7.4Fan 7.4.1Mounting strut 7.5Ventilation flaps 7.5.1Flap 7.5.2Air opening 7.6Air inlet opening 7.7Side air inlet nozzle 7.8Water collection tray 7.8.1Removable retaining chain 7.9Roof 8Insulated stable ventilation chimney 8.1Insulated ventilation pipe 8.1.1Insulation 8.1.2Pipe wall 8.2Air supply from the roof space 8.2.1Roof space air 9Recirculating air purifier in the animal house 9.1Stand 9.1aLong stand 9.1bShort stand 9.2Water drainage channel 9.3Water drainage pipe 9.4Drip net 9.4.1Semi-circular fastening clamp rings for the drip nets 9.4 9.5Pipe wall 9.6Perforated plate 9.7Trough-shaped support 10Rack frame 10.1Outer wall 10.2Web, web plate 10.3Circular opening 10.4Projecting bracket 11Box-shaped holder for the rack frame 10 11.1Vertical wall of the holder 11 11.2Lockable, vertical service door 11.2.1Door leaf 11.2.2Door hinge 11.3Circumferential floor 11.4Circumferential ceiling 11.5Perforated plate 12Stable roof hood 12.1Transparent light hood 12.1.1Exhaust air gap 12.2Aluminum struts 12.3Aluminum Z-purlin 12.4Aluminum wind deflector 12.5Aluminum storm angle 12.6Roofing material 13Fluid-tight 2-sided arrangement of one exciter-receiver each 2.4.1 of standing and / or modulated longitudinal waves and / or their harmonics 2.4.2 13.1PCB 13.2Fluid-tight plastic capsule with flow profile 13.3Silicone adhesive 13.4Suspension wire 13.4.1Eyelet connection 13.5Venturi support plate 13.5.1Venturi fluid passage 13.5.2Venturi funnel wall 13.6PowerPack 14Self-sufficient, vertical water extraction system for arid regions 14.1Vertical pipe made of two vertical pipe halves 14.1.1Vertical pipe half 14.2Abutting edge 14.3Circumferential chimney wall made of two pipe halves 14.3.1Connecting struts between the circumferential chimney wall 14.3 and the vertical wooden pipe 14.1 14.3.2Vertical joint of the two vertical pipe halves 14.3.3 14.3.3Vertical half of the chimney wall 14.3 14.4Photovoltaics 14.4.1Vertical joint of the photovoltaics 14.4 14.5Chimney 14.5.1Circumferential inlet funnel 14.6Removable protective roof 14.7Circumferential pre-filter 14.8Horizontal circumferential projection 14.9Drip guard 14.10Circumferential retaining ring for the water collection vessel 14.14 14.11Horizontal fan 14.12Drip threads 14.13Water 14.14Water collection vessel 14.15Support ring of the water collection vessel 14.14 on the circumferential retaining ring 14.10 14.16Drain pipe 14.17Drain cock 14.17.1Water pipe 14.18PowerPack 14.19Tongs and grooves press-on closures 14.20Dry air outlet 2.2.2 14.21Perforated plate 14.22Sensor and actuator 14.23Float 14.24Insulation 15Self-sufficient, horizontal, inclined water extraction system for arid regions 15.1Container with box-shaped cross-section for the filter systems 1 15.1.1Flat wall of the top, bottom and one vertical side of 15.1 15.2Air Multiplier (Dyson) 15.3Transition from the box-shaped cross-section of 15.1 to the round cross-section of the Dyson 15.2 15.3.1Perforated plate 15.3.2Dried exhaust air 15.4Funnel-shaped extended intake opening, collection funnel 15.5Stone guard 15.6Pre-filter 15.7Square perforated plate for holding the filter units 1 15.7.1Recesses for holding the edges of the square perforated plates 15.7 on the walls 15.1.1 of the top, the bottom and one vertical side 15.8Stand 15.9Drip wires for the condensed water 15.12 15.9.1Adhesive attachment for the drip wires 15.9 15.10Drain pipe for the condensed water 15.12 15.11Insulated Canister with double wall 15.11.1Float guide 15.11.2Evacuated double wall 15.11.3Pressure equalization with check valve 15.12Collected condensate 15.13Horizontally movable, vertical side wall 15.13.1Handle 15.13.2Lower sliding profile 15.13.3Lower sliding edge 15.13.4Upper sliding profile 15.13.5Upper sliding edge 15.14 Support plate 16 Aircraft 16.1 Self-propelled aircraft 16.2 Self-propelled aircraft 16.2.1 Propeller 16.2.2 Angle-adjustable drive 16.2.3 Rigid linkage, connecting body 16.2.4 Central control and webcam 16.3 Collection funnel 16.4 Intake and blower, Air Multiplier, Dyson 16.5 Suspension for the filter system 1 16.5.1 Connecting strut 16.6 Mount on the aircraft 16.1 16.7 Actuator, rotation motor 16.8 Rotation rod 16.9 Rudder 16.10 Stabilizer 16.11 Elevator 16.12 Actuator 16.12.1 Rotation axis 17 Remote-controlled robot vehicle with filter system 1 17.1Individually steerable balloon wheel 17.2Individually steerable electric motor 17.3Platform with independent wheel suspensions 17.4Electric motors, power supply, computer and actuators 17.4.1Forward headlights, webcam and laser 17.4.2Side headlights, laser and extendable webcam 17.4.3Side headlights 17.4.4Reverse headlights, laser and extendable webcam 17.4.5Front look-down spotlight and front extendable webcam 17.4.6Rear look-down spotlight and rear extendable webcam 17.5Flexible, extendable gripper 17.6Actuators 17.7Extendable telescopic rods 17.8Joints 17.9Flexible data lines 17.9.1Connection block 17.10Analyzer unit 17.11XYZ-movable, six-sided spotlight, night vision webcam, and laser assembly 17.12Transmitter and receiver 17.12.1XYZ-movable parabolic antenna 17.12.2Decoder and memory 18Electrostat, plate electrostatic precipitator with wire electrode 18.1 18.1Wire electrode 18.2Spray electrodes 18.3Separation of electrically charged dust particles 18.4Dust layer 18.4.1Detached dust layer 18.5Separation electrode 18.6Tapping mechanism 18.7Electrically insulating wall 18.8Electrically insulating perforated plate 19Fresh air tree 19.1Disc-shaped, leaf-green cover 19.2Inclined, circumferential, leaf-green drip edge 19.3 Vertical slot protected by fly screen as intake opening 19.4 Intake area for air 2.2 with suspended matter 2.3 19.5 Outlet area for purified air 2.2.2 19.5.1 Circumferential disc slightly inclined to the ground 19.8 19.6 Precisely fitting plug-in fastening 19.7 Hollow support tube as "trunk" 19.7.1 Anchoring area in the ground 19.8 19.8 Soil 20 Plant pot as air purifier 20.1 Plant 20.1.1 Tubers 20.1.2 Root system 20.2 Pot 20.2.1 Root-permeable soil 20.3 Plant soil 20.4 Support pin 20.4.1 Support pin with a semicircular cross-section attached to the inside of the planter 20.5 20.4.2Corresponding support pin with circular cross-section attached to the outside of the pot 20.2 20.5Planter pot 20.5.1Mounting for the ultrasonic transmitter 2.4.1 20.5.2Opening 20.6Circular air duct 20.7Biochar filter, VOC filter . A-BSection through the filter system 1 according to the Figure 1along the section line AB C-DSection through the filter system 1 according to the Figure 2 along the section line CD E-FSection through the frame 10 according to the Figure 12 along the section line EF G-HSection through water extraction plant 14 according to the Figure 20 along the section line GH G Flowing exhaust gas of a biomass heating plant I-J Section through the water extraction plant 15 according to the Figure 23 along the section line IJ K-LSection through the filter system 1 according to the Figure 31 along the section line KL M-NSection through the filter system 1 according to the Figure 32 along the section line KL USubsoil or substructure VEnlarged section of the connection area of the filter system 14 according to the Figures 20 and 21 VK Offset configuration of the loudspeakers 2.4.1 W Main direction of the wind ← → Flow direction of the fluids Detailed description of the characters Preliminary remark

[0076] In the following Figures 1 to 28For the sake of clarity, only the components essential to the invention are shown. The peripherals required for carrying out the method according to the invention included conventional and known electronic, electrical, mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic devices such as computers, computer chips, power sources, power lines, electric motors, lamps, cameras, webcams, lasers, transmitters and receivers, power packs, batteries, accumulators, measuring and control devices, actuators, sensors, powder dosing devices, manometers, spectrometers, gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, microscopes, particle counters, feed pumps, vacuum pumps, mechanical grippers, and transmitters for remote monitoring. Figure 1 Testing the concept

[0077] Here and in the following, in the designation of the specific particle numbers N / Vt, N means the particle number, V the volume in m 3< and t the time in hours [h].

[0078] The percentages concerning the specific particle numbers N / Vt refer to the respective specific starter numbers N / Vt, corresponding to 100%.

[0079] The filter system 1 comprised a device 2 for more than 99 percent reduction of the specific particle number NNt of fine dust particles 2.3.1 with particle sizes of 1 nm to 50 nm and for more than 99 percent reduction of the specific particle number N / Vt of fine dust particles 2.3.2 with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) particle sizes of ≥ 200 nm to ≤ 400 nm in the air 2.2, resulting in air 2.2.1 containing the fine dust particles 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 with specific particle numbers N / Vt of <0.1% each and dust particles 2.3.4 and 2.3.5 with a particle size of 800 nm to 300 µm with a specific particle number NNt >99.8%.

[0080] The device 2 comprised a flow tube 2.1 made of impact-resistant ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) with a length of 20 cm and a flow channel 2.4 with a clear width 2.1.4 of 4 cm and a closed wall 2.1.1 with a thickness of 5 mm. The ABS was coated with silicon dioxide nanoparticles to make it scratch-resistant. Eight pairs of opposing piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 of the type MCUSD14A40S0RS from multicomp (central frequency: 40 kHz; power level 90 dB) were fluid-tightly glued into the closed wall 2.1.1 with polydimethylsiloxane adhesive, so that the imaginary connecting line between each pair corresponded to the imaginary average line of the clear width 2.1.4. The piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 had a circular outline with a diameter of 1.4 mm. They were arranged in a line at a distance of 15 mm each. The first pair of piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4, as seen in the conveying direction 2.5 of the flowing fluid 2.2.1 was 5 mm from the beginning of the flow tube 2.1. The last pair of piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1, as seen in the conveying direction 2.5 of the fluid 2.2 flowing, was 5 mm from the end of the flow tube 2.1. Similarly, eight further pairs of opposing piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 were embedded in the closed wall 2.1.1, so that their imaginary connecting lines intersected the corresponding imaginary connecting lines of the other eight pairs 2.4.1 at an angle of 90°. The nodes 2.4.4 of the standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2, emitted by the two cross-shaped, eight pairs of piezo-ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1, thus lay on the centerline of the flow tube 2.1. All piezo ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 were embedded in the closed wall 2.1.1 in such a way that they were flush with its inner side 2.1.1.2 were as planar as possible so that no undesirable turbulences were formed in the area of the essentially particle-free dead volume 2.4.6.

[0081] The standing ultrasonic waves were generated, monitored and adjusted using an electronic device through feedback loops.

[0082] Starting at 25 mm from the beginning of the flow tube 2.1, four sampling devices for extinction particle counters were arranged in a line at a distance of 50 mm each (not shown). Devices from RR Reinraum ELEKTRONIK GmbH, Wiernsheim, were used. Furthermore, a so-called Luer-Lock system for connecting a gravimetric high-precision microdoser 2.8 from MCPI, France, was arranged at a distance of 75 mm from the end of the flow tube. This doser allowed particles 2.3.5 with a particle size of >400 nm to 500 µm to be fed in a controlled manner into the flowing fluid 2.2 containing the suspended matter 2.3.The nanoparticles and / or microparticles used were particles with a surface that particularly readily absorbed, adsorbed, and / or deposited gases and liquids, as well as other nanoparticles and microparticles, thus promoting particle agglomeration. This resulted in an easily filterable flowing fluid 2.2. with a very low specific particle number N / Vt of MPPS particles 2.3.2 and particulate matter 2.3.1. In this way, the particle size distribution of the collective of particulate matter 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, and 2.3.4 could be shifted toward larger particle sizes.

[0083] Biochar nano- and microparticles, activated carbon, single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes, nanocones, fullerenes, zeolites, layered silicates, especially bentonites, and aerogels were tested. Of these materials, biochar nano- and microparticles proved to be the most effective in terms of pollutant absorption and the adhesion and agglomeration of particulate matter.

[0084] The particle sizes of the particulate matter 2.3 in the flowing air 2.2 to be purified were determined using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (QELS). The particle sizes of the collective ranged from 3 nm to 800 nm. The particle sizes exhibited an asymmetric monomodal distribution, with a maximum with a specific particle number N / Vt of 2 × 10 7 < / m 3 < h at a particle size of 350 nm. However, this particle size was precisely within the MPPS range of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm. The collective also exhibited a specific particle number N / Vt of 2 × 10 6 < / m 3 < h at a particle size of 50 nm and a specific particle number N / Vt of 1.5 × 10 5 < / m 3 < h at a particle size of 3 nm. This presented a particularly difficult filtration problem.

[0085] The particulate matter 2.3 originated from the abrasion of automobile tires on asphalt. Their composition was therefore very homogeneous and included elastomer particles, soot particles, metal particles, filler particles, dye particles, pigment particles, smoke particles, and asphalt particles. Furthermore, the air 2.2 contained molecularly dispersed pollutants typical of automobile exhaust gases, such as NOx, sulfur dioxide, oxygen radicals, ozone, and ammonia, as determined by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry coupling.

[0086] The contaminated air 2.2 from a busy street during rush hour was sucked in by a soundproofed high-performance fan protected by a coarse filter and blown through a pre-filter 2.1.6 into the flow tube 2.1. The coarse filter prevented the penetration of larger particles such as leaves, shredded paper, cigarette filters, plastic parts, and / or grains of sand. The pre-filter 2.6.1 captured larger particles in the millimeter range. In the flow tube 2.1, the air 2.2 in the flow channel 2.4 had a flow velocity of approximately 70 m / s in the flow direction 2.5.1.

[0087] The standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 generated by the piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 caused the majority of fine dust particles 2.3 to accumulate in the wave nodes 2.4.4. The sound pressure caused them to agglomerate and aggregate, increasing their particle size. A large portion of the fine dust particles 2.3.1, with a particle size of 1 nm to ≤ 50 nm, migrated in the wave antinodes 2.4.5 toward the inner side 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1 and grew on the surface of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1. Upon reaching particle sizes ≥ 50 nm (fine dust particles 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4), they were dislodged by the air flow 2.2 and reaccumulated in the wave nodes 2.4.4. Due to these dynamic processes, the conical area of the air flow 2.2, in which the fine dust particles 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 were transported in the flow direction 2.5.1, narrowed, so that on the inside 2.1.1.2 a region of fine dust particles 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 depleted or free dead volume 2.3.5 formed.

[0088] Using a gravimetric high-precision microdoser 2.8 from MCPI, France, biochar particles 2.3.5 with a particle size ranging from 800 nm to 100 µm and a specific particle number of 2.5 × 10 4 < / m 3 < h were continuously dosed into the center of the flow channel 2.4. They acted as anchor particles, enhancing the absorption and adsorption of pollutants and the aggregation and agglomeration of dust particles 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, and 2.3.4. This resulted in a particle collective with particle sizes 2.3.4 ranging from 800 nm to 300 µm. The particle collective 2.3.4 showed a bimodal distribution with two maxima at 1.2 µm and 150 µm and could already be removed from the air stream 2.2.1 with a medium filter 3 with an efficiency of 99.99%.

[0089] For filtration purposes, the end of the flow tube 2.1 was provided with a two-turn external thread 2.1.7, which served to establish the fluid connection 2.7 between the flow tube 2.1 and the opening 3.1 of the tubular filter housing 3.2 for the filter 3. The tubular filter housing 3.2 had a corresponding internal thread 3.1.1 in its opening 3.1, which encompassed the external thread 2.1.7. The wall of the filter housing 3.2 was also made of impact-resistant, scratch-resistant ABS with a thickness of 5 mm. This resulted in a clear diameter 3.1.2 of 50 mm. Viewed in the flow direction 2.5, the tubular filter housing 3.2 was 100 mm long, allowing the insertion of filter discs 3 with a thickness of 90 mm and a diameter of 50 mm and varying separation efficiencies. For this purpose, the tubular filter housing 3.2 was removed from filter system 1.

[0090] An internal thread 3.3.1 with two turns was arranged around the outlet opening 3.3 for the filtered fluid 2.2.2. The matching external thread 3.4.1 of the Venturi nozzle 3.4 was screwed into this internal thread 3.3.1. In the space before the constriction of the Venturi nozzle, gas detection pumps and Dräger tubes were used to determine whether any noxious substances were still present in the filtered air 2.2.2. Furthermore, a particle counter from RR Reinraum ELEKTRONIK GmbH, Wiernsheim, was used to determine whether particles were still present. These measurements could also be performed at the outlet nozzle 3.5 of the Venturi nozzle 3.4.

[0091] The suction effect of the Venturi nozzle 3.4 supported the high-performance fan with which the contaminated air 2.2 was sucked into the filter system.

[0092] The following filter materials were tested: Efficient particulate air filter (EPA), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, ultra low penetration air filter (ULPA), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm, medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and automotive cabin filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm.

[0093] The test results showed that in all cases, the concentration of particles in the filtered air 2.2.2 was below the detection limit. This means that the filtered air 2.2.2 was particle-free in this sense.

[0094] Filter system 1 could be supplied with electricity via computer control.

[0095] Surprisingly, noxious substances such as NOx, sulfur dioxide, ozone and ammonia could be detected, which was confirmed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric measurements.

[0096] The air 2.2.2 purified in this way could even be used for clean rooms. Further embodiments of the filter system 1 according to Figure 1

[0097] The filter system 1 according to the Figure 1was modified in various ways by fixing bodies 2.6 through which air 2.2, 2.2.1 could flow in the flow channel 2.4, so that the standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 penetrated these bodies 2.6. In another embodiment, the flow-through bodies 2.6 were fixed between the standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2. In a third embodiment, the two previous embodiments were combined. Through these modifications, the ultrasonic vibrations produced additional separation effects, so that the effectiveness of aggregation, agglomeration, condensation, separation and deposition, compression, impact, impacts, as well as growth and redetachment, for example for certain particle sizes of the modified filter systems 1, could be significantly and specifically increased.

[0098] The following materials were used as permeable bodies 2.6: Plastic membranes, plastic fabrics, textile fabrics, gauze, glass fiber fleece, needle felt, paper filters, ceramic filters, glass filters, ceramic filters, sintered metal filters and open-pore foams.

[0099] These materials were also used in the form of particles 2.6, in particular spherical particles 2.6, with a particle size in the range of 500 µm to 2 mm, with which the flow channel 2.4 was filled. Use as a flow reactor

[0100] The air duct 2.4 of the filter system 1 according to the Figure 1was filled with a bed of catalyst particles made of tungsten trioxide on silicon dioxide. The catalyst particles had an average particle size of 800 nm and were set into vigorous motion by the standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 emitted by the ultrasonic sources 2.4.1. Propene was blown into the vibrating catalyst bed as fluid 2.2.2, where it was converted to but-2-ene and ethene (fluid 2.2.1). The olefin mixture 2.2.1 was passed through filter 3 into outlet 3.3 and to outlet 3.4, from where it entered a cooling system for condensation.

[0101] The abrasion resulting from the vigorous movement of the catalyst particles, with particle sizes ranging from 500 nm to 900 nm, was captured in filter 3 and could be recycled. As a result, the olefin mixture 2.2.1 contained no suspended matter 2.3. Figures 2 and 3 Filter system 1 with low pressure drop

[0102] For the design of the filter system 1 according to the Figure 2 It was essential that the flow pipe 2.1 made of ABS was manufactured according to Figure 1 viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1, at its end with an external thread 2.1.7 was screwed into the matching internal thread 3.7.2 around the inlet opening 3.7.3 for the entry of the air flow 2.2.1 into the pressure-loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1. The inlet opening 3.7.4 was located centrally in the vertical part 3.7.1.1 of the sleeve-shaped closed wall 3.7 around the filter 3.3. The sleeve-shaped wall 3.7 with a wall thickness of 2 mm thus formed a cylindrical housing 3.7.1 with a length of 160 mm and a diameter of 160 mm. The sleeve-shaped wall 3.7, the pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 with a wall thickness of 2 mm, the continuation section 2.1.2 with a wall thickness of 2 mm and the return 2.7.5 of the air flow 2.2.2 also with a wall thickness of 2 mm were made of stainless steel.

[0103] A projecting, annular reinforcement 3.7.3 with a horizontal length of 15 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was arranged around the inlet opening 3.7.4 to support the internal thread 3.7.2. The external thread 2.1.7 was screwed into the internal thread 3.7.2 at the end of the flow tube 2.1—as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1—to form a fluid-tight butt joint 3.7.4.1 "pressure-loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1 / / end edge of the wall 2.1.1 of the flow tube 2.1." As a result, the pressure-loss-free Venturi tube section 2.7.1 also had a clear diameter of 40 mm.

[0104] At the end of the pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1—as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1—a protruding, annular reinforcement 3.7.5.1 with a horizontal length of 15 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was also arranged around its outlet opening 3.7.5. This served to accommodate the internal thread 3.7.5.2, into which the external thread 2.1.2.1 around the inlet opening 2.1.2.2 of the extension section 2.1.2 was screwed. This created another fluid-tight butt joint 2.1.2.3 "Edge of the wall 2.1.2.4 of the extension section 2.1.2 / / pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1". The extension section 2.1.2 therefore also had a clear diameter of 40 mm. It was 120 mm long and blew the filtered air 2.2.2 into a clean room.

[0105] The removable apparatus section 3.8 for removing the sleeve-shaped filter 3.6 comprised the fluid connection or chimney 3.9 to the return line 2.7.5. The chimney 3.9 had a clear diameter of 30 mm and was arranged vertically and centrally on the horizontal section 3.7.1.2. Its longitudinal axis formed an angle of 90° with the longitudinal axis of the pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section. The length of the chimney 3.9 was 40 mm and merged into a pipe bend 2.7.5.1 with a clear diameter of 30 mm as part of the return line 2.7.5 for the filtered air 2.2.2. The pipe bend 2.7.5.1 of the return line 2.7.5 bent vertically downwards at a distance of 40 mm from the vertical part 3.7.1.1 of the wall 3.7 (vertical part 2.7.5.2), penetrated the wall 2.1.2.4 of the extension piece 2.1.2 in a fluid-tight manner and formed another bend 2.7.5.3 into the horizontal, so that the central axis of the horizontal part 2.7.5.4 of the return line 2.7.5 was congruent with the longitudinal axis of the extension piece 2.1.2.The horizontal part 2.7.5.4 had a length of 30 mm and merged into the Venturi nozzle 2.7.5.1 as the outlet opening.

[0106] The removable apparatus section 3.8 was 20 cm deep and had a rectangular footprint. It was connected to the remaining part of the cylindrical housing 3.7.1 by the circumferential flange connection 3.8.1 with the elastomeric seal 3.8.1.1 made of polybutadiene. The circumferential flange connection 3.8.1 was secured in a fluid-tight manner with clamps 3.8.1.2 surrounding the flange connection 3.8.1. Once the apparatus section 3.8 was removed, the worn sleeve-shaped filter 3.6 could be replaced with a fresh one.

[0107] The material of the sleeve-shaped filter 3.6 fit virtually seamlessly around the pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1. This was achieved by forming a tenon-and-groove joint 3.6.1 at the abutting edges of the filter material 3.6. The vertical sides of the sleeve-shaped filter 3.6 rested tightly against the vertical parts 3.7.1.1, so that part of the air flow 2.2.1 had to make its way through the filter 3.6. The filter 3.6 had a thickness of 50 mm. This created a circumferential collecting gap 2.7.6 with a clear width of approximately 10 mm between the surface of the filter material 3.6 and the horizontal part 3.7.1.2 of the wall 3.7. The collecting gap 2.7.6 served to collect and feed the filtered air 2.2.2 to the chimney 3.9.

[0108] The pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 had a fluid-permeable wall 2.7.2. The first ring of outlet opening 2.7.4 surrounding the fluid-permeable wall 2.7.2, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, had a diameter of 3 mm and was located 20 mm behind the abutting edge 3.7.4.1. The outlet openings 2.7.4 were spaced approximately 1 mm apart, so that 31 outlet openings 2.7.4 were arranged one behind the other in the circumferential ring. The next nine circumferential rings of outlet openings 2.7.4 were spaced 10 mm apart from each other, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1.

[0109] A first annular, circumferential adjusting plate 2.7.3 with a width of 20 mm, inclined at an angle of 60° to the flow direction 2.5.1, was arranged in front of the first circumferential ring of outlet openings 2.7.4 (as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1). The base of the adjusting plate 2.7.3 was located 5 mm in front of the first ring of outlet openings 2.7.4. The remaining nine adjusting plates 2.7.3 were each attached at their bases 5 mm in front of the next ring of outlet openings 2.7.4. This configuration resulted in a flow channel 2.4 with a diameter of 10 mm.

[0110] The air flow 2.2.1, which flowed at a speed of approximately 60 m / s, contained particles 2.3.4 with a particle size of 800 nm to 300 µm and a specific particle number N / Vt >99.8%, was directed by the deflection plates 2.7.3 into the outlet openings 2.7.4 and intercepted by the sleeve-shaped filter 3.6. The air flow 2.2.2, freed of particles 2.3.4, was directed directly into a clean room through the extension piece 2.1.2.

[0111] The following filter materials were tested: Medium filters, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, and automotive cabin filters, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm

[0112] The filtered air 2.2.2, which had passed through filter 3.6, entered the circumferential collection gap 2.7.6 and was directed to the chimney 3.9, which was part of the return 2.7.5. The collected and recirculated filtered air 2.2.2 was introduced into the continuation section as described above.

[0113] The air 2.2.2 thus purified had a specific particle number <0.04 / m 3 < h.

[0114] The structure of the embodiment of the filter system 1 according to the Figure 2 is illustrated once again by the top view of a cross-section through the filter system 1 along the section line AB.

[0115] Filter system 1 could be supplied with electricity via computer control. Figure 4 with Figures 2 and 3 (partially) Filter system 1 with low pressure drop

[0116] The structure of the filter system 1 according to the Figure 4 essentially corresponded to the structure of filter system 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3, except that a portion of the air flow 2.2.1 containing the particles 2.3.4 from the circular outlet openings 2.7.4 entered a circumferential collecting gap 2.7.7, which directed the air flow 2.2.1 via a collecting pipe 2.7.8 to the disc-shaped filter 3 with a thickness of 100 mm and a diameter of 150 mm in the filter housing 3.2. The disc-shaped filter 3 was mounted on a perforated plate 3.2.1.

[0117] The filtered air 2.2.2 was blown into an air conditioning system via an outlet opening 3.3, 3.4.

[0118] In a further embodiment, a coarse filter 3.2.3 was arranged on the filter 3, which collected any residues of the filter 3. The coarse filter 3.2.3 was secured by the perforated plate 3.2.2.

[0119] The second air flow 2.2.2 was also led from the pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 through the continuation section 2.1.2 into the air conditioning system.

[0120] The filter system could be supplied with electricity via computer control. Figures 5 and 6 Sterilizable filter system 1 for medical devices

[0121] The filter system 1 according to the Figure 5was 250 mm long. Its closed wall 2.1.1 was 6 mm thick and made of sterilizable polyethersulfone (Ultrason ®< E from BASF). The air stream 2.2, with any suspended matter 2.3 present, was conveyed through the 40 mm long inlet tube 2.5.2 with a clear diameter of 15 mm into the flow channel 2.4. The inlet tube 2.5.2 had a centrally circumferential annular gap 2.1.3 with a clear diameter 2.1.3.1 of 3 mm, serving as a clip-on connection 2.1.5 for a plastic hose 2.1.3.2. At the end of the inlet pipe 2.5.2, the inside diameter 2.1.4 of the flow channel 2.4 widens conically over a distance of 15 mm to 40 mm. After a distance of 70 mm, it narrows again conically over a distance of 20 mm to a inside diameter of 15 mm and merges into the 110 mm long outlet pipe 3.10.1 with the pressure-loss-free tube filter 3.10. The pressure-loss-free tube filter 3.10.1 consisted of a loose fabric of high-purity cellulose threads, which was applied to the inner wall of the outlet pipe 3.10.1 and intercepted the particles 2.3.4 with a particle size of 600 nm to 100 µm, so that a filtered air stream 2.2.2 with a specific particle number N / Vt below the detection limit emerged.

[0122] The outlet pipe 3.10 also had a circumferential annular gap 2.1.3 with a clear width 2.1.3.1 of 3 mm as a clip-on connection 2.1.5 for a plastic hose or a metal pipe.

[0123] The flow channel 2.4 had a square cross-section. Two pairs of associated piezo ultrasonic transmitters 2.4.1 of type MCUSD14A40S0RS from multicomp were fluid-tightly bonded into its two horizontal closed walls 2.1.1 and its two vertical closed walls 2.1.1 using polydimethylsiloxane adhesive, ensuring they were perfectly flush with the inner surface 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1.1 of the flow tube 2.1.

[0124] The filter systems 1 according to the Figure 5 were ideal for medical devices, especially for ventilators or as anesthesia machines 5. The Figure 6 shows the scheme of such a ventilator 5.

[0125] The filter systems 1 according to the Figure 5could be inserted into the installation positions 1k to 1n of an inspirator 5.2. Thus, a filter system 1k could be inserted behind the air metering device 5.1 and in front of the ventilation filter 5.4a, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1. Another filter system 1l could be inserted behind the ventilation filter 5.4a and in front of the ventilation hose 5.2.1 with the gooseneck 5.2.1.1. The filter system 1l could be bypassed if necessary by a bypass1 5.2.1.2a. This was particularly the case when anesthetics and medications were fed to the ventilation filter 5.4a.1 and nebulized via the metering connection 5.4.a.1. Yet another filter system 1m could be installed behind the gooseneck 2.5.1.1 and in front of the ventilation filter 5.4b. The filter system 1m could also be bypassed by a bypass 2 5.2.1.2b when supplying anesthetic and medication via the dosing connection 5.4b.1 into the ventilation filter 5.4b.A third filter system 1n could be installed behind the ventilation filter 5.4b and in front of the connector 5.5.1 for the breathing mask 5.5 and the expirator 5.3. The filter system 1n could also be bypassed by the bypass 3 5.2.1.2c.

[0126] The 1k-1n filter systems could be controlled and powered using built-in chips and power packs.

[0127] With the ventilator or anesthesia machine 5, particularly critical cases of patients could be ventilated with highly pure air, effectively eliminating the risk of contamination with microorganisms and allergens.

[0128] Another advantage of filter system 1 according to the Figure 5 was that they could be combined with common and well-known inline humidification units (heat and moisture exchange units, HME) and / or active humidifiers, so that patients could be ventilated with humidified air at body temperature. Figure 7 The equipment of exhaust systems 4 with filter systems 1

[0129] To solve exhaust gas problems, high-temperature stable filter systems 1 made of stainless steel, for example, with the Figure 1 or the Figures 2 and 3shown structure can be used. Fabrics made of ceramic threads or metal springs were used as filter materials for the filters 3. These filter systems could be installed in the installation positions 1a to 1j in the exhaust systems 4. Specifically, the filter system 1a was installed behind the connection 4.1 of the exhaust system 4 to a gasoline engine or behind the soot filter and the connection 4.2 of the exhaust system 4 to a diesel engine. Furthermore, the filter systems 1b and 1c could be installed in the two pipes of the Y-pipe 4.3. The filter system 1d could be inserted into the pipe 4.7 between the Y-pipe 4.3 and the catalytic converter 4.4. Furthermore, the filter systems 1e and 1f could be installed in the pipe 4.7 between the catalytic converter 4.4 and the pre-silencer 4.5. The pre-silencer 4.5 could also include the filter system 1g. Furthermore, the filter systems 1h and 1i could be installed in the pipe between the pre-silencer 4.5 and the muffler. Last but not least, the filter system 1j could be installed in front of the exhaust outlet 4.8.

[0130] The filter systems 1a to 1j could be supplied with power individually and computer-controlled by the vehicle's electrical and electronic systems.

[0131] Such exhaust systems 4 made it possible to clean the engine exhaust gases 2.2 to such an extent that they were practically free of suspended matter 2.3 and NOx and ammonia Figure 8 Respiratory masks 6 with filter systems 1

[0132] The respiratory mask 6 according to the Figure 8comprised an airtight mouth and nose cover 6.1 made of materials such as thermoplastics, elastomers, or impregnated fabrics. The respirator 6 could be attached to the head with a flexible holder 6.2. For better adaptation to individual faces, the mouth and nose cover 6.1 contained a flexible edge 6.3 made of soft elastomers. At mouth and nose level, a filter unit 1 was attached with a clip-on holder 6.5 made of hard rubber, which was attached to a reinforcing ring 6.5.1. The filter unit 1 had - as in principle in the Figure 1shown - a pre-filter 2.1.6, a device 2 with a flow tube 2.1 for reducing the specific particle count N / Vt of difficult-to-filter suspended matter 2.3, a fluid connection 2.7 of the flow tube 2.1 with the replaceable filter 3 in a filter housing 3.2 with an outlet opening 3.3 for the filtered air 2.2.2. Furthermore, a lightweight, rechargeable PowerPack 6.6 was attached to the filter system as an energy source for the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver 2.4.1. Exhalation occurred via an expirator 6.4 with a check valve 6.4.1.

[0133] The respirator mask provided particularly effective protection against infections with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi as well as against infections with viruses. Figure 9 in conjunction with Figures 12 and 13 Stable ventilation chimney 7 with filter systems 1

[0134] The stable ventilation chimney 7 according to the Figure 9Viewed from top to bottom—i.e., opposite the flow direction 2.5.1—it featured a diffuser 7.1 with an outlet opening 3.3 for the filtered air 2.2.2, free of suspended matter 2.3 and ammonia. The diffuser 7.1 also featured an annular inlet slit 7.1.1 for atmospheric air to enhance the suction effect of the diffuser 7.1. A ventilation pipe 7.2 with an upper section 7.2a and a lower section 7.2b with uninsulated pipe walls 7.2.1 was arranged below the diffuser 7.1. The lower section 7.2b was located below the roof 7.9 and was connected to the upper section 7.2a at the plug-in connection 7.2.2, which was secured with a pipe clamp 7.3. Below the plug-in connection 7.2.2, a motor-driven, horizontal fan 7.4 was attached to a mounting strut 7.4.1. Ventilation flaps 7.5 with flap blades 7.5.1 and air openings 7.5.2 were arranged below the fan 7.4. The air vents 7.5, which were filled with suspended matter 2.3 Ammonia-contaminated stable air 2.2 entered the stable ventilation chimney 7 through the air inlet nozzle 7.6. The air flow 2.2, 2.3 was amplified by lateral inlet nozzles 7.7. A water collection tray 7.8 was arranged below the lateral inlet nozzle 7.6 on detachable support chains 7.8.1 to collect condensate.

[0135] According to the invention, in the stable ventilation chimney at the installation locations 1o to 1r of the frame or rack 10 similar to the Figures 12 and 13 but arranged in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-section and a vertical outer wall 10.1. The frame 10 furthermore had an upper and a lower horizontal web 10 with circular openings 10.3 for receiving and holding filter systems 1 according to the Figure 1The filter systems 1 were thus arranged vertically in the stable ventilation chimney 7 in the flow direction 2.5.1, i.e., the outlet openings 3.3 were located at the top in the direction of the diffuser 7.1, as viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1. Here and in the devices 10 and 11 described below, lockable flaps were arranged at the respective installation positions in the walls, through which the rack frames 10 could be inserted into the devices 10 and 11 (not shown).

[0136] The individual filter systems 1 in the rack frames 10 could be individually controlled electrically and electronically. For example, in the case of low levels of ammonia-containing air 2.2, 2.3, i.e., when the cattle barn was only partially occupied, only the filter systems 1 in one or two rack frames 10—for example, the rack frame 10 at installation position 1o and / or the rack frame 10 at installation position 1q—could be controlled and supplied with power.

[0137] The air emitted by the stable ventilation chimney 7 was free of ammonia and suspended matter 2.3 in the sense used in the present invention, that the respective concentrations were below the detection limit of conventional and known measuring methods.

[0138] A further advantage was that with the help of stable ventilation chimneys 7 the humidity in animal stables could be kept at a level that was comfortable for the animals. Figure 10 Thermally insulated stable ventilation chimney 8

[0139] In its construction, the thermally insulated stable ventilation chimney 8 was similar to the Figure 10 the non-insulated stable ventilation chimney 7 according to the Figure 9 with the difference that the pipe wall 8.1.2 of the insulated ventilation pipe 8.1 was provided with insulation 8.1.1 made of non-combustible foam cement according to German patent application DE 10 2016 012 746.5, and that the stable ventilation chimney 8 at installation position 1s included an air supply line 8.2 for supplying roof space air 8.2.1. This effectively prevented the formation of condensate in the thermally insulated stable ventilation chimney 8.

[0140] A further advantage was that with the help of stable ventilation chimneys 8 the humidity in animal stables could be kept at a level that was comfortable for the animals. Figure 11 Air purifier 9 in animal stable

[0141] The 5 m long air cleaner 9 with a clear width of 1 m according to the Figure 11was mounted essentially horizontally with a slight incline on two long feet 9.1a and four short feet 9.1b, and a connected horizontal, trough-shaped support 9.7. The feet 9.1a and 9.1b, as well as the support 9.7, were vibration-damped (not shown) so that the animals were not disturbed by unfamiliar noises. The load-bearing components of the air purifier 9, in particular the 5 mm thick wall 9.5, were made of stainless steel due to the corrosive atmosphere in the animal house. The wall 9.5 had a sound-insulating coating of acoustic foam (not shown). The air purifier 9 comprised - viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1 - an air inlet opening 7.6, which was protected from the penetration of coarse materials such as feed particles, straw particles, or husks by a perforated plate 9.6 and a pre-filter 2.1.6. At the installation positions 1t to 1v, the Figure 9described frame 10 with the horizontally mounted filter units 1 according to the Figure 1installed. The air flow 2.2 with the suspended particles 2.3 was moved through the recirculating air cleaner 9 by means of an electrically driven, vertically mounted fan 7.4, which was attached to a vertical mounting strut 7.4.1 and served as a conveyor device for the air flows 2.2, 2.2.1, and 2.2.2. The air flow was controlled via the ventilation flaps 7.5 with the flap blades 7.5.1 and the air openings 7.5.2. Here, too, the filter systems 1 could be individually supplied with power. Behind the last installation position 1v, several transverse, vertical drip nets 9.4 with a round circumference made of polyethylene threads were attached using the semicircular mounting clamp rings 9.4.1. They enhanced the dripping of the condensate carried by the air flow 2.2.2. The condensate flowed through the ventilation pipe 7.2, a water drainage channel 9.2, and into a water drainage pipe 9.3, where it could be collected for further use or disposal. Outlet 3.3 of the ventilation pipe 7.2 was protected from the unwanted penetration of coarse particles by an outlet filter 2.1.6 and another perforated plate 9.6.

[0142] Thanks to the recirculating air purifier 9, the concentrations of suspended particles and pollutants, especially ammonia, in the barn air could be kept permanently low. This protected the animals from infections and allowed them to remain healthy and grow faster.

[0143] In addition, the humidity could be kept at a comfortable level for the animals. Figures 12 and 13 Frame 10

[0144] Cylindrical frame frames 10 have already been described above in the Figure 9 described. The Figures 12 and 13 now show box-shaped or cuboid-shaped frame frames 10. As the top view in the Figure 12shows, the frame 10 comprised a vertical outer wall 10.1 and a horizontal web or web plate 10.2 with round openings 10.3 for receiving and holding filter systems 1 according to the Figure 1 . The longitudinal section along the section line CD in the Figure 13 once again illustrates the structure of the frame 10 with an upper and a lower web plate 10.2 and the projecting brackets 10.4 attached to the outside of the filter systems 1.

[0145] Preferably, the frame 10 is made of an impact-resistant plastic such as ABS. Figures 14 and 15 Box-shaped mounting device 11 for the frame 10

[0146] In order to assemble the box-shaped frame 10 according to the Figures 13 and 14 In order to be able to install the device in a ventilation pipe 7.2 or another pipe with a round, oval, elliptical or other shaped pipe wall 7.2.1, the box-shaped support device was installed in the ventilation pipe 7.2 in accordance with Figures 14(longitudinal section) and 15 (perspective view). The box-shaped receiving device 11 had three vertical walls 11.1. On one vertical side, a lockable, vertical service door 11.2 with a door leaf 11.2.1 and door hinges 11.2.1 was arranged. The upper side was formed by a circumferential ceiling 11.4 and the underside by a circumferential floor 11.3. The filter systems 11 were installed in the frame 10 according to the Figure 1 arranged in the flow direction 2.5.1, so that the air 2.2.2 flowed out of their outlet openings 3.3.

[0147] The box-shaped mounting device 11 enabled the frame 10 to be easily replaced if necessary. Figure 16 in conjunction with Figures 13 and 14 Stable roof hood 12

[0148] The stable roof hood 12 for animal stables on farms or in zoos comprised a transparent light hood 12.1 with a centrally arranged exhaust air gap 12.1.1, aluminum struts 12.2 arranged underneath with lateral aluminum Z-purlins 12.3 and aluminum wind deflectors 12.4 with aluminum storm angles 12.5. The arrows 12.6 symbolize the air flows with their flow direction 2.5.1. This arrangement was connected to the roofing material 12.7. At the installation positions 1w to 1z, appropriately dimensioned rack frames 10 with filter systems 1 were installed according to the Figure 1 installed, through which the air flows 12.6 were directed. As a result, only air 2.2.2, free of suspended matter and noxious substances such as ammonia, passed through the stable roof hood 12.

[0149] This was a particularly significant advantage for animal stables in zoological gardens, for example, located in cities. Figures 17, 18 and 19 Fluid-tight arrangements 13 and their use

[0150] In order to enable particularly spatially variable arrangements 13 of filter systems 1 with standing and / or modulated ultrasonic waves and / or their harmonics 2.4.2, the fluid-tight 2-sided arrangement 13 was each provided with an exciter-receiver 2.4.1 of ultrasound (cf. Figure 1 ) was developed. The arrangement 13 comprises a fluid-tight capsule 13.2 with a flow profile made of plastic such as polypropylene with a length of 40 mm and a diameter of 20 mm. In the capsule 3.2 there was a circuit board 13.1 on which the ultrasound sources 2.4.1 were arranged in a staggered manner. The ultrasound sources 2.4.1 were glued fluid-tight into the wall 3.7 with silicone adhesive 13.3. The electrical energy was supplied by an encapsulated, miniaturized, inductively chargeable power pack 13.6. Furthermore, the arrangement 13 comprised an eyelet connection 13.4.1 at its lower and upper ends for an upper and a lower hanging wire 13.4.

[0151] Several arrays 13 were suspended side by side in a flow channel 2.4 on a Venturi support plate 13.5.1, so that the lower ultrasonic sources 2.4.1 (as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1) and the upper ultrasonic sources 2.4.1 emitted standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 when the arrays 13 were in operation. Any number of additional rows of arrays 13 could be suspended below these arrays 13, which were suspended directly on the Venturi support plate 13.5, resulting in a quipu configuration. The bottom row of arrays 13 could be attached to a fluid-tight grid by its lower suspension wires 13.4, so that the arrays 13 did not change their spatial position in the flow channel 2.4 during operation.

[0152] The Venturi support plate 13.5.1 featured Venturi funnel walls 13.5.2 with central Venturi fluid passages 13.5.11. Filter 3 was arranged above the Venturi support plate 13.5.1.

[0153] In this way, filter systems 1 with flow channels 2.4 with a width of 2 m and more and a height of 3 m and more could be built. Figures 20, 21 and 22 Self-sufficient, vertical water harvesting system 14 for arid areas

[0154] The self-contained, vertical water extraction system 14 comprised a vertical wooden pipe 14.1, 2 m long and 15 mm thick, consisting of two vertical pipe halves 14.1.1, which were fastened together with circumferential tenon-and-groove press-on fasteners 14.19. Each of the two vertical pipe halves 14.1.1 of the wooden pipe 14.1 could be provided with insulation made of, for example, cement foam (not shown). The vertical pipe 14.1 was surrounded by a circumferential vertical wooden chimney wall 14.3, spaced 100 mm apart. The chimney wall 14.3 consisted of two vertical pipe halves 14.3.3, which abutted at two vertical edges 14.3.2 and were also held together by tongue-and-groove press-on fasteners 14.19. The surrounding chimney wall 14.3 was connected to the wooden pipe 14.1 by connecting struts 14.3.1. The connecting struts 14.3.1 had a round outline and were removable by inserting them into the corresponding recesses in the wall of the vertical wooden pipe 14.1 and the surrounding chimney wall 14.3. A photovoltaic panel 14.4, which had two vertical abutting edges 14.4.1, could be attached to the outside of the chimney wall 14.3. This configuration allowed the water extraction system 14 to be easily disassembled for maintenance. The arrangement of the surrounding chimney wall 14.3 and the wooden pipe 14.1 formed a surrounding chimney 14.5, with air flowing upwards. The lower end of the chimney wall 14.3 was extended into a surrounding inlet funnel 14.5.1, which promoted the flow of air 2.2. The chimney 14.5 extended to the removable protective roof 14.6, which protruded beyond the chimney wall 14.3, thus preventing dust from entering. The vertical wooden pipe 14.1 extended 300 mm below the removable protective roof 14.6.The opening thus formed was contained by a circumferential pre-filter 14.7.

[0155] The removable protective roof 14.6 carried a photovoltaic 14.4 on its outer surface, which charged a PowerPack 14.18.

[0156] The air flow 2.2, symbolized by the arrows 2, was drawn into the flow channel 2.4 and moved downwards by the horizontally arranged fan 14.11, driven by an electric motor powered by the PowerPack 14.18. Two support frames 10 (here with a circular circumference; see Fig. Figures 13 and 14 ) with filter systems 1 according to Figure 1arranged, with their outlet openings 3.3 for the air 2.2.2 facing downwards. The frame 10 rested on a horizontally circumferential projection 14.8. Due to this configuration, the frame 10 with the filter systems 1 could be easily removed during maintenance of the water treatment plant 14. The configuration is shown again using the cross-section along the section line EF in the Figure 21 and based on the enlarged section V of the connection area of the filter system 14 according to the Figure 22 clarified.

[0157] The filter systems 1 condensed the water in the air 2.2 into water droplets 14.13, which dripped along the polypropylene drip threads 14.12 into the water collection vessel 14.14 and were collected there. The water collection vessel 14.14 was mounted on the circumferential retaining ring 14.10 by means of its support ring 14.15, which had circular holes. At its lowest point, the water collection vessel 14.14 had a drain pipe 14.16 with a drain cock 14.17 controlled by an actuator (not shown). The drain cock 14.17 could be opened automatically using suitable electronic and mechanical actuators to drain the water 14.13 into the water pipe 14.17.1 when the water level 14.13 in the water collection vessel 14.14 reached its maximum level, after which the drain cock 14.17 could be closed automatically again. A float 14.23 rested on the water surface to control the actuator of the drain cock 14.17. When the water 14.13 reached its maximum level, the float 14.23 would be released.13 had risen high enough, the float 14.23 touched the sensor and actuator 14.22, which opened the drain cock 14.17.

[0158] The water collection vessel rested on the perforated plate 14.21, whose openings were fluidly connected to the openings of the support ring 14.15, allowing the dry air 2.2.2 to flow out of the perforated plate 14.21. The arrangement with the water collection vessel 14.14 was surrounded by glass wool insulation 14.24.

[0159] The self-sufficient, vertical water harvesting system 14 could be suspended from a rod system at a distance from the ground using suitable support devices. The support devices and rod system were designed to withstand sandstorms (not shown).

[0160] The self-sufficient, vertical water extraction system 14 continuously supplied clean drinking water even in desert areas such as the Atacama Desert and the Namib Desert, where fog forms at night due to the adjacent cold ocean currents. Figures 23 and 24 Self-sufficient, horizontal, inclined water extraction system 15 for arid areas

[0161] The water extraction system 15, which was temporarily operated only by the wind (arrow W, main direction of the wind), had a length of 2 m and included a container 15.1 with a box-shaped cross-section measuring 1 mx 1 mx 1 m for the filter systems 1 according to the Figure 1. It had a funnel-shaped, widened collection opening 15.4. The essentially horizontally mounted filter units 1 and their flow channels 2.4 were protected by a rockfall protection grid 15.5 and a pre-filter 15.6. The entire water extraction system 15 was mounted on the substrate U at a slight incline on a support plate 15.14 using raised feet 15.8. The filter units 1 were non-slip mounted on five rectangular perforated wooden plates 15.7. To hold the edges of the perforated plates 14.17, walls 15.1.1 on the top, bottom, and one vertical side (cf. Figure 24) the recesses 15.7.1 were provided. The wind-generated flow in the flow channels 2.4 was further amplified by a vertically mounted Air Multiplier (Dyson) 15.2, which was driven by an electric motor powered by the PowerPack 14.18, or generated in calm conditions. The PowerPack 14.18 was powered by the photovoltaic panel 14.4 on the upper horizontal side of the container 15.1. In front of the vertical Dyson 15.2, Teflon drip threads 15.9 were attached to an adhesive mount 15.9.1. The drip threads for 15.9 directed the condensed water 15.12 exiting the filter units 1 via a drain pipe 15.10 and a drain cock 14.17 controlled by an actuator and sensor 14.22 into an insulated double-walled canister 15.11 (evacuated double-walled 15.11.2). The actuator 14.22 was triggered by the contact of the sensor 14.22 with the float 14.23, which was held in the appropriate position by a float guide 15.11.1.The double-walled canister 15.11 also had a pressure equalization with a check valve (not shown).

[0162] The configuration is checked again using the Figure 24 which shows a cross-section along the section line IJ through the container 15.1. The perforated plate 15.7 holds four rows of five filter systems 1 each and sits with two horizontal side edges and one vertical side edge in the corresponding recesses 15.7.1. On one vertical side, the container had a horizontally movable, vertical side wall 15.13 with a handle 15.13.1. The lower sliding edge 15.13.3 ran in the lower sliding profile 15.13.2 and the upper sliding edge 15.13.5 ran in the upper sliding profile 15.13.4. This meant that the horizontally movable, vertical side wall 15.13 could be opened for maintenance purposes and the perforated plates 15.7 with the filter systems 1 could be replaced, for example.

[0163] The self-sufficient, horizontal water extraction system 15 continuously supplied clean drinking water even in desert areas such as the Atacama Desert and the Namib Desert, where fog forms at night due to the adjacent cold ocean currents. Figure 25 Airworthy equipped filter system 1

[0164] The aircraft 16 according to the Figure 25without its own propulsion, the missile 16.1 comprised a remotely controlled, helium-filled, 15 m long, powerless blimp 16.1. Below the blimp 16.1 were five filter systems 1, each with a circular diameter of 40 cm, a length of 1.5 m and - seen in the flow direction 2.5.1 - a collecting funnel 16.3 with a circular opening of 1 m diameter, an Air Multilpier (Dyson) 16.4 as intake and blower, a pre-filter 15.6, a device 2, a filter 3 and a Venturi nozzle 3.4 suspended on suspensions 16.5. The suspensions 16.5 were rotatably connected to a rotating rod 16.8 with an actuator and rotating motor 16.7, which was attached to a bracket 16.16 on the blimp 16.1.

[0165] The blimp 16.1 featured a rudder 16.9 and two elevators 16.11, rotating around the pivot 16.12.1, with electric servo motors 16.12. The blimp 16.1 also featured a stabilizer 16.10 on its underside.

[0166] The filter systems 1 could therefore also be used as drives.

[0167] Batteries, photovoltaic rechargeable batteries, power packs, and thermoelectric elements (TEE) with a radioactive energy source could be used as electrical energy sources for Filter Systems 1 (not shown). Furthermore, the flight-capable Filter Systems 1 could be equipped with swiveling cameras and a webcam (not shown).

[0168] The airworthy filter systems 1 were used to purify the atmosphere 2.2 of suspended matter 2.3 and pollutants generated primarily by building fires, forest fires, peat fires, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents, and sandstorms. They could also be used to collect atmospheric samples up to and in the stratosphere. Last but not least, they could be used for radioactive decontamination.

[0169] Their filters could be replaced after landing, after which they were properly disposed of. Or they could be mechanically beaten and / or washed and dried, and then reused, with the material resulting from the beating and / or washing also being properly disposed of. Figure 26 Airworthy filter systems 1

[0170] The aircraft with its own propulsion system 16.2 was a remote-controlled drone 16.2 with four propellers 16.2.1, each driven by an angle-adjustable electric motor as propulsion system 16.2.2. For the electric motors 16.2.2, the Figure 25 The electric motors 16.2.2 were connected to each other by a rigid rod 16.2.3 as a connecting body. A filter system 1 was attached to the rigid rod 16.2.3 as in the Figure 25 As described, it was attached to a rigid suspension 16.5, which was connected to the rigid rod 16.2.3 by connecting struts 16.5.1. In this case, the filter system 1 did not have an air multiplier (Dyson) 16.4 because the air flow 2.2 through the flow channel 2.4 resulted from the flight speed of the drone 16.2. The central control unit and a webcam 16.2.4 were located in the center of the rigid rod 16.2.3.

[0171] The great advantage of the airworthy filter systems 1 according to Figure 26 The advantage was that, depending on the intended use and the load-bearing capacity of the drones 16.2, different sized filter systems 1 could be used. For example, filter systems 1 could be flown into buildings with drones 16.2 that were at high risk of collapse. Figure 27 Mobile equipped filter system 1

[0172] The remote-controlled robot vehicle 17 with the filter system 1 according to Figure 1 in connection with, for example, Figure 25 was used primarily for sampling and decontamination in hazardous and contaminated areas such as buildings at risk of collapsing, burnt buildings and areas, areas at risk of explosion, areas contaminated by noxious substances or radioactively contaminated buildings and areas, particularly in the dark.

[0173] The robot vehicle 17 had four individually controllable balloon wheels 17.1 mounted on independent wheel suspensions, each driven by individually controllable electric motors 17.2. The independent wheel suspensions were movable and vibration-free connected to the platform 17.3 by hydraulic shock absorbers. On the platform 17.3 was a control unit 17.4 with a computer, power source, and actuators 17.6 for the XYZ-movable, extendable telescopic rods 17.7 with the joints 17.8 of the filter system 1 and the XYZ-movable, six-sided headlight, night vision webcam, and laser array 17.11.

[0174] Filter system 1 comprised—viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1—a collecting funnel 16.3, a perforated plate 9.6, a prefilter 15.6, a Dyson 16.4, and a device 2 with a device 2.8, with the aid of which particles 2.3.4 with a particle size >400 nm to 500 µm could be metered into the flow channel 2.4, with a corresponding storage vessel 2.8.1. Filter system 1 further comprised—arranged one behind the other in the flow direction 2.5.1—the filters 3a to 3e in the filter housing 3.2, with different separation efficiencies from the micrometer to the nanometer range. This was followed by an analysis unit 17.10, which, depending on the model, was equipped with spectrometers, gas chromatographs, Geiger counters, particle measuring devices, and mass spectrometers. The data obtained were transmitted via the flexible data lines 17.9 to the terminal block 17.9.1 on the unit 17.4 and evaluated by the computers there.

[0175] Unit 17.4 had two arrangements (17.4.1) in the corners, each with a forward headlight, a retractable webcam, and a laser. It also had two opposing arrangements (17.4.2), each with a side headlight, a laser, and a retractable webcam, as well as two opposing side headlights (17.4.3). Two arrangements (17.4.4) with a reverse headlight, laser, and retractable webcam were also mounted in the corners, facing away from the direction of travel.

[0176] Last but not least, unit 17.4 had a front look-down light and a front extendable webcam 17.4.5 as well as a corresponding rear look-down light and a rear extendable webcam 17.4.6.

[0177] Furthermore, a flexible extendable gripper 17.5 and a transmitter and receiver 17.12 with a parabolic antenna 17.12.1 movable in the XYZ direction and a decoder and memory 17.12.2 were arranged on the unit 17.4. Figure 28 Electrostatic or plate electrostatic precipitator 18 with a vibration-free mounted filter system 1 according to Figure 1

[0178] On an electrostatic device 18 of conventional and known design with a wire electrode 18.1, discharge electrodes 18.2 and a separating electrode 18.5 with an electrically insulating wall 18.7, an electrically insulating pre-filter 2.1.6 and an electrically insulating perforated plate 18.8, a filter system 1 according to Figure 1Electrically insulated and mounted on vibration-free hydraulic shock absorbers. In the electrostatic devices 18, the dust particles carried by the flowing exhaust gas G (black arrow) of a biomass heating plant were electrically charged and deposited on the separation electrode 18.5 as a dust layer 18.4 (see 18.3). Once sufficient dust had accumulated in the dust layer 18.4, it was knocked off with a knocking device 18.6 and fell downwards into a collecting container (not shown).

[0179] However, it was found that dust particles in the nanometer range, particularly respirable nanoparticles, were escaping from the electrostatic device 18. However, they were captured in the filter system 1 with 99.9% efficiency, so that air 2.2.2 free of suspended matter and noxious substances left the system. Figures 29 and 29a Filter system 1 with low pressure drop

[0180] Air 2.2 polluted with suspended matter 2.3 was, as in the Figure 1described, into a 50 cm long flow tube 2.1 with a clear width of 5 cm. The flow tube 2.1 had ten pairs of piezoelectric ultrasonic sources 2.4.1 arranged crosswise in the closed wall 2.1.1. The arrangement is illustrated in Figure 29a. Thus, between two opposing ultrasonic sources 2.4.1, a standing ultrasonic wave 2.4.2 was formed, the common wave node 2.4.4 of which lay on the centerline of the flow tube 2.1. In this way, a flow channel 2.4 was formed in which the suspended particles 2.3 were transported in the flow direction 2.5.1. In the process, they were compressed by the ultrasonic sources 2.4.2, whereby their particle size increased and a fluid 2.2.1 was formed. Behind the last double pair of crossed standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, particles 2.3.4 were fed from a storage vessel 2.8 by means of a dosing device 2.8.1 into the flow channel 2.4. This increased the particle size of the suspended matter 2.3 to between 800 nm and 20 µm. Further along, behind the last double pair in the flow direction 2.5.1, another ultrasound source 2.4.1 was arranged centrally above the inlet opening of a 10 cm long, tubular, vertical branch 2.1.8 with a clear width of 4 cm. The vertical branch 2.1.8 was fluidly connected to a flow-through filter tube 2.1.9 arranged parallel to the flow tube 2.1 and halfway along its length. The filter tube 2.1.9 had two opposing HEPA filters 3 with two outlet tubes 3.10, as well as another ultrasound source 2.4.2, which corresponded to the ultrasound source 2.4.1 located vertically above it. Between these two ultrasound sources 2.4.1, a superposition 2.4.2Ü of standing ultrasound waves 2.4.2 with several wave nodes 2.4.4 and their standing harmonics 2.4.2 was formed.99.9% of the particles 2.3.4 present in the fluid 2.2.1 were thus directed at an angle of 90° from the flow tube 2.1 into the filter tube 2.1.9, where the fluid flow 2.2.1 split and flowed through the filters 3. These filtered the particles 2.3.4 so efficiently that the specific particle number N / Vt in the air streams 2.2.2 exiting the outlet pipes 3.10 in the flow direction 2.5.1 was below the detection limit.

[0181] In the flow tube 2.1, the air 2.2.3 passing through the overlay 2.4.2Ü was discharged via the outlet tube 3.10. The air 2.2.3 contained only 0.1% of the originally present particles 2.3.4.

[0182] The filter system 1 according to the Figures 29 and 29a had an advantageous low pressure drop, allowing large amounts of air 2.2 to be purified. Figures 30 and 30a Filter system 1 with shock wave generator 2.4.1S

[0183] The structure of the flow pipe 2.1 of the filter system 1 according to the Figures 30 and 30a corresponded to the structure of the flow pipe 2.1 of the filter system according to the Figures 29and 29a. The major difference was that the dosing device 2.8 for dosing the particles 2.3.4 into the flow channel was positioned upstream of the last double pair of crossed, standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2, as seen in the flow direction 2.1. This allowed the particles 2.3.4 to be refocused in the fluid 2.2.1 before being exposed to the shock waves 2.4.2S generated by an electrohydraulic shock wave generator 2.4.1S. The hydraulic shock wave generator 2.4.2S was mounted centrally above the inlet opening of a filter tube 2.1.10 reinforced against the effects of shock waves 2.4.2S in the closed wall 2.1.1. By the shock waves 2.4.2S, 99.99% of the particles 2.3.4 were directed at an angle of 90° relative to the original flow direction 2.5.1 into the filter tube 2.1.10 onto a filter arrangement 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d of horizontally arranged filters of different separation efficiency.The separation efficiency of the filter arrangement ranged from a minimum particle size of 50 µm (3a), a minimum particle size of 1 µm (3b), a minimum particle size of 800 nm (3c), to a minimum particle size of 400 nm (3d). To protect the filters 3 from the effects of the shock waves 2.4.1S, the filters 3 were secured using metal grids (not shown).

[0184] The filtered air 2.2.2 emerged from the outlet 3.10 and contained the particles 2.3.4 at a specific particle count N / Vt below the detection limit. The fluid 2.2.4, purified by the shock waves 2.4.2S and exiting through the second outlet pipe 3.10, contained only 0.01% of the originally present particles 2.3.4. Figures 31 and 31a Filter system 1 with transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T

[0185] In a 60 cm long flow tube 2.1, six pairs of opposing sound sources 2.4.1 for transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T on the one hand and reflectors 2.4.3 on the other hand were mounted one behind the other on the inside 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1.1, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1. Figure 31a illustrates this arrangement using the cross-section along the section line KL. In addition, four pairs VK of offset sound sources 2.4.1 for transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T were arranged one behind the other. The air 2.2 with the suspended particles 2.3 was blown through the flow tube 2.1 in the flow direction 2.5.1. The suspended particles 2.3 collected in the pressure nodes 2.4.4, where they aggregated and agglomerated. This resulted in particles 2.3.4 with a particle size of 800 nm to 2 µm in the fluid 2.2.1, which could be separated with an efficiency of 99.99% using a medium filter 3, so that in the fluid 2.2.2, that exited through the outlet pipe 3.10, the particle concentration was at most 0.01%.

[0186] The advantage of this filter system was that it was suitable for cleaning particularly polluted air 2.2; 2.3. Figures 32 and 32a Filter system 1 with transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T

[0187] In a 60 cm long flow tube 2.1 with a clear diameter of 5 cm, 12 ultrasonic sources 2.4.1 for transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T were arranged one behind the other on the center line at a distance of 4 cm as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1. Figure 32a illustrates this arrangement using the cross-section along the section line MN. Here, too, the suspended solids 2.3 accumulated in the pressure notches and were subsequently agglomerated and aggregated, resulting in a fluid 2.2.1 containing particles 2.3.4, which were captured by the filter arrangement 3a (smallest filterable particle size 1.5 µm), 3b (smallest filterable particle size 800 nm), and 3c (smallest filterable particle size 400 nm) with an efficiency of 99.999%.

[0188] This filter system 1 was also ideal for cleaning particularly polluted air 2.2; 2.3. Figure 33 Self-sufficient fresh air tree 19

[0189] For weight reasons, the fresh air tree 19 was primarily made of anodized aluminum and had a height of 5.5 m from the ground surface 19.8. The largest leaf-green disc 19.5.1, slightly inclined toward the ground 19.8 and surrounding the hollow support tube 19.7 ("trunk"), had a diameter of 2 m. The other leaf-green discs 19.5.1 with the leaf-green drip edge 19.2 had any desired smaller diameters.

[0190] The trunk 19.7, with a clear width of 30 cm, had a dark brown coating with a bark texture and was anchored in the ground 19.8 over a length of 2 m in the area 19.7.1. At a trunk height of 2.5 m, the outlet area 19.5 for the purified air 2.2 was fixed with a precisely fitting plug-in fastening 19.6. The outlet area 19.5 had six stacked discs 19.5.1, between which the purified air 2.2.2 exited from vertical slots.

[0191] The filter system 1 with ultrasonic sources 2.4.1 and standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 as well as filters 3b (smallest filterable particle size 400 nm) and 3a (smallest filterable particle size 1 µm) were interchangeably fixed on the outlet area 19.5 (the device for exchanging the filters is not shown). For optical reasons, three discs 19.5.1 were also arranged one above the other in the area of the filter system 1.

[0192] Above filter system 1 was the intake area 19.4 for air 2.2 with suspended matter 2.3. The air 2.2; 2.3 was drawn in by an electric motor-driven fan 7.4 through vertical slots protected by fly screens.

[0193] Above the intake area 19.4 there was a disc-shaped, leaf-green colored cover 19.1 on which a photovoltaic system 14.4 was mounted, which supplied a PowerPack 14.18 with electricity.

[0194] To enhance the natural impression of the fresh air tree 19, dark brown branch structures could be painted or embossed into the panes.

[0195] The self-sufficient fresh air tree 19 was ideally suited to be installed in busy squares and along busy roads, efficiently supplying the surrounding area with purified air 2.2.2. Figure 34 Plant pot 20 as air purifier

[0196] The plant pot 20 comprised a plastic pot 20.2 in which a plant 20.1 with tubers 20.1.1 and roots 20.1.2 grew in the plant soil 20.3. The pot 20.2 had a root-permeable base 20.2.1 through which the roots 20.1.2 emerged into a cavity serving as a flow channel 2.4. The pot 20.2 was supported in a plastic planter 20.5 by means of support pins 20.4. Support pins 20.4.1 with a semicircular cross-section were attached to the inside of the planter 20.5, into which corresponding support pins 20.4.2 with a circular cross-section, attached to the outside of the pot 20.2, engaged. This arrangement created a circumferential air duct 20.6 between the pot 20.2 and the inside of the outer pot 20.5, through which contaminated air 2.2; 2.3 was sucked into the air duct 2.4. Within this duct were several opposing ultrasonic transmitters 2.4, secured by brackets 20.5.1.1, between which horizontal, standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 with at least two wave nodes 2.4.4 were formed.

[0197] The resulting fluid 2.2.1 was drawn through a biochar filter or VOC filter 20.7 and freed of volatile organic compounds. Below the biochar filter 20.7 was a horizontal inlet pipe 2.5.2 leading to a battery-powered fan as a conveyor device 2.5, which drew in the fluid 2.2.1 and directed it to a filter 3 with a smallest filterable particle size of 400 nm. Behind the filter, the purified air 2.2.2 exited the outlet pipe 3.10 into the environment.

[0198] The plant pots 20 could be widely varied in size, color, and plant 20.1, thus perfectly adapting to the spatial and decorative conditions. Furthermore, plants 20.1 could be used that were capable of absorbing pollutants from the air and releasing larger amounts of oxygen into the environment. Overall, the result was a "green" indoor air purification system. Figure 35 Plant pot 20 as air purifier

[0199] The plant pot 20 according to the Figure 35 differed from the plant pot according to the Figure 34by installing a horizontal filter system 1 below the root-permeable soil 20.2.1 in the cavity formed by the overpot 20.5 and the pot 20.2, which sucked in air 2.2; 2.3, firstly through the air duct 20.6 and secondly through an opening 20.5.2 in the overpot 20.5 into the horizontal filter system 1 through a biochar filter 2.7 using a fan as a conveyor device 2.5. The particle size in the pre-cleaned air stream 2.2; 2.3 was increased to 600 nm to 1.5 µm using standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2, after which the particles 2.3.4 were separated by the filter 3 with a smallest filterable particle size of 400 nm with an efficiency of >99.9%. The filtered air 2.2.2 was discharged into the environment via the outlet pipe 3.10.

[0200] The plant pots 20 according to the Figure 35 showed the same advantages as the plant pots 20 according to the Figure 34 on.

Claims

1. Filter systems (1) for suspended matter (2.3) with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm in flowing fluids (2.2), the filter systems (1) each comprising at least one device (2) in objects (2.6), through which the fluids (2.2) are flowable and which are fixed in the fluids (2.2), selected from the group consisting of fluid-permeable, vibrating membranes, foams, nets, threads and fabrics, the device comprising at least one flow area (2.1) for the fluids (2.2., 2.2.1) to flow through, wherein - the at least one flow area (2.1) has at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters (2.4.1) for generating the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2), the piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters being configured to generate at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2) having a power level of 40 dB to 250 dB of standing, modulated and non-modulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves (2.4.2) and their harmonics and / or of ultrasonic transverse waves (2.4.2T) and their harmonics (2.4.2) of the frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz, - wherein at least one electronic device for generating, monitoring and stabilizing the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2) with at least one feedback loop is furthermore present, and the device is configured to supply the piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters (2.4.1) with an energy input of 0.25 W to 1 kW, - wherein at least one conveyor device (2.5) for a volume flow for the fluids (2.2, 2.2.1) into and through the at least one flow area (2.1) is furthermore present, - wherein at least one fluid connection (2.7) of the at least one flow area (2.1) with at least one filter (3) having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm is permeable for fluids (2.2.1).

2. Filter systems (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one device (2) is configured so that flowing fluids (2.2.1) with suspended matter (2.3.1) having a specific particle number (N / Vt) from below the detection limit up to <0.1% are obtainable.

3. Filter systems (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one device (2) is configured so that flowing fluids (2.2.1) with suspended matter (2.3.2) having a specific particle number (N / Vt) from below the detection limit up to <0.1% as well as with suspended matter (2.3.3) having particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% and / or with suspended matter (2.3.4) having particle sizes of ≥400 nm to 500 µm of a specific particle number (N / Vt) >99% are obtainable.

4. Filter systems (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the device further comprises at least one flow pipe (2.1) with a closed wall (2.1.1) which encloses or enclose at least one flow channel (2.4) with the flow area through which the fluids (2.2, 2.2.1) flow, wherein the at least one flow pipe (2.1) comprises at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters (2.4.1) which are arranged on the outside (2.1.1.1) and / or on the inside (2.1.1.2) and / or in the respective closed wall (2.1.1) in such a way that the imaginary lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90° for generating the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2).

5. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fluids (2.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2) are gaseous, liquid, gel-like or mixed phases.

6. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that - the at least one flow pipe (2.1) has at least one device (2.8) for metering of particles (2.3.5) of a particle size >400 nm to 500 µm into the at least one flow channel (2.4) and / or the at least one device (2.8) is assigned to the at least one flow area (2.1), and / or - the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or the at least one flow area (2.1) before and / or after the at least one filter (3) at least one branch (2.1.8) for discharging the suspended matter(2.3.3), (2.3.4) and / or (2.3.5) from the at least one flow channel (2.4) with the help of the superposition (2.4.2Ü) of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and / or with the help of ultrasonic shock waves (2.4.2S).

7. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one filter (3) having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm is selected from the group consisting of high-performance EPA particle filters, HEPA filters, ULPA high-performance filters, medium filters, tube filters without pressure loss, pre-filters, automotive interior filters, cake filters, crossflow filters, flexible filters, rigid filters, industrial (Siebec) filters, fleeces, backwash filters, water filters, precoat filters, room filters, bed filters, membranes magnetic filters, graphene filters, Venturi washers, electrostats, optical separators, gas separators, gas scrubbers, SCR catalysts and OCR catalysts, wherein the materials are selected from the group consisting of etched metals, sintered metals, metal foams, metal threads, metal wool, metal fabric, monolithic, permeable plastics, plastic fabrics, plastic threads, plastic wool, plastic fabrics, plastic foams, papers, cardboard, cellulose threads, cellulose fabrics, cellulose wools, lignin threads, lignin wools, lignin fabrics, natural fibers, natural wool, natural fiber fabrics, knitted natural fiber fabrics, natural material foams, sponges, glass fibers, glass wool, glass frits, monolithic permeable ceramic materials, ceramic frits, ceramic fibers, ceramic fabrics, ceramic wool, ceramic foams, boron fibers and stone fibers as well as composite materials of at least two of the aforementioned materials.

8. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filter systems (1) are equipped to be mounted vibration-free, airworthy, mobile and / or floatable and have intake devices and blowers (16.4) or have no intake devices and blowers (16.4).

9. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one fluid connection (2.7) is formed by at least one Venturi pipe section (2.7.1) with a fluid permeable wall (2.7.2), which section adjoins the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and the wall (2.7.2) of which has on the inside at least two annular adjusting plates (2.7.3) inclined against the flow direction (2.5.1) and acting according to the Venturi principle, wherein, as seen in the flow direction (2.5.1), are at least four openings (2.7.4) located after each annular adjusting plate (2.7.3) through which openings (2.4.7) the fluids (2.2.1) are dischargeable to at least one filter (3), or in the alternative, that (a), the at least one filter (3) of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm surrounds the at least one Venturi pipe section (2.7.1) in the form of a cuff (3.3), which in turn is enclosed at a distance from at least one sleeve-shaped closed wall (3.4), so that at least one collecting gap (2.7.6) for the filtered fluid (2.2.2) is formed, wherein the at least one wall (3.4) has at least one fluid connection (3.1) with the outlet device (3.2) for the discharge of the filtered fluid (2.2.2) or in the alternative, that (b) the at least one Venturi pipe section (2.7.1) is surrounded by at least one cuff-like collecting gap (2.7.7), which is closed to the outside, for collecting and feeding the fluids (2.2.1) through at least one collecting pipe (2.7.8) to at least one filter (3).

10. Filter systems (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that (a), the fluid (2.2.2) emerging from the at least one filter (3.3) is collectible in the at least one collecting gap (3.4.1) and is directly dischargeable through at least one outlet device (3.2) and / or is traceable through at least one recirculation pipe (2.7.5) and through at least one outlet opening (2.7.5.1) into the fluid (2.2.2) flowing through the at least one extension (2.1.2) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) or in the alternative, wherein (b) the filtered fluid (2.2.2) emerging from the at least one filter (3) can be directly fed through at least one fluid connection (3.1) to at least one outlet device (3.2) and / or is traceable through at least one recirculation pipe (2.7.5) and through at least one outlet opening (2.7.5.1) into the fluid (2.2.2) flowing through the at least one extension (2.1.2) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1).

11. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the clear span (2.1.4) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or of the at least one flow area (2.1) is narrowing steadily or suddenly in the flow direction (2.5.1), so that the dead volume (2.3.5) of the fluids (2.2), which is free from suspended matter (2.3), is decreasing.

12. Filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the suspended matter and particles (2.3.3), (2.3.4) and / or (2.3.5) can be channeled out of the at least one flow channel (2.4) into at least one branch (2.1.8) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or of the at least one flow area (2.1) before and / or after the at least one filter (3) having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm with the help of shock waves (2.4.2S) and / or with the help of the superposition (2.4.2Ü) of standing longitudinal waves and their standing harmonics.

13. Filtration method using a filter system (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein (I) fluids (2.2) containing suspended matter (2.3) having a particle size of from 400 pm to ≤500 µm are conveyed by at least one conveying device (2.5) into and through at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or at least one flow area (2.1) of at least one device (2) through at least one flow channel (2.4), with the at least one flow pipe (2.1) being surrounded by a closed wall (2.1.1), (II) at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2) having a power level of 40 dB to 250 dB and an energy input into the at least one flow channel (2.4) of 0.25 W to 1 kW is generated with the help of ultrasonic waves (2.4.2) of the frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz in the flowing fluids (2.2) and / or in the objects (2.6) fixed in the fluids (2.2) flowing through the objects (2.6), which standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2) consists of standing, modulated and non-modulated ultrasonic longitudinal waves (2.4.2) and their harmonics and / or of ultrasonic transverse waves (2.4.2T) and their harmonics, whereby - in the case of the at least one flow area (2.1) the at least one ultrasonic field (2.4.2) is generated by at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters (2.4.1), - in the case of the at least one flow pipe (2.1), the at least one ultrasonic field is generated by at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic transmitters (2.4.1), - wherein the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field (2.4.2) is generated, monitored, modulated and stabilized by at least one electronic device for generating feedback loops and - wherein the fluids (2.2) and in the further course of the flow channel (2.4) also the fluids (2.2.1) are conveyed by at least one conveying device (2.5) in conveying direction (2.5.1) into and through the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or into and through the at least one flow area (2.1) and through at least one fluid connection (2.7) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or of the at least one flow area (2.1) to at least one filter (3) having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and being permeated by the fluids (2.2.1), (III) the fluids (2.2) and in the further course of the flow channel (2.4) also the treated fluids (2.2.1) are conveyed by at least one conveying device (2.5) in conveying direction (2.5.1) into and through the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or into and through the at least one flow area (2.1) through the at least one fluid connection (2.7) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or of the at least one flow area (2.1) to at least one filter (3) having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and being permeated by the fluids (2.2.1), (IV) are separated from the flowing fluids (2.2.1) by at least one filter (3), after which the filtrated fluids (2.2.2) emerging of the at least one filter (3) with at least one outlet device (3.3; 3.4) contain the suspended matter (2.3.1), (2.3.2), (2.3.3), (2.3.4) and (2.3.5) having specific particle numbers (N / Vt) below the respective detection limit and / or up to 0.1%, wherein N = particle number, V = volume [m3], t = time [h] and wherein the percentages given above are each based on the respective specific starter numbers (N / Vt) of the respective suspended matter = 100%, and / or (V) the suspended matter (2.3.1), (2.3.2), (2.3.3), (2.3.4) and (2.3.5) are channeled out of the at least one flow channel (2.4) into at least one branch (2.1.8) of the at least one flow pipe (2.1) and / or of the at least one flow area (2.1) before and / or after the at least one filter (3) with the help of ultrasonic shock waves (2.4.2S) and / or with the help of superposition of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves (2.4.2) and their standing harmonics and are conveyed to at least one further filter (3) and filtrated.

14. The use of the filter systems (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 12 and / or the filtration method according to claim 13 for the removal of organic, inorganic and / or biogenic, gaseous, gel-like, liquid and / or solid suspended matter (2.3) with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 µm and / or of other molecularly dispersed NOxae from liquid, gel-like and / or gaseous fluids (2.2) and / or for their chemical conversion in these fluids (2.2).

15. Equipment and systems selected from the group consisting of roads, bridges, buildings, squares, stadiums, air conditioning systems, clinics, medical devices, electronic devices, laboratories, labs-on-a-chip, clean room laboratories, power plants, incineration plants, chemical plants, gas separation plants, nuclear plants, means of locomotion by land, water, air, underground and under water and interior spaces of space stations, characterized in that they contain at least one filter system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12.