LOCKING SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a locking system for a firearm according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] In modern firearms, a projectile is propelled through a barrel by means of a gas, primarily generated by the combustion of a propellant charge, and then ejected from the barrel. The barrel directs the projectile's trajectory and also imparts a rapid spin around its longitudinal axis, which stabilizes the projectile during its flight phase according to the principle of gyroscopic stabilization.

[0003] To fire a projectile, it is part of a cartridge, which consists of a cartridge case, usually made of brass, a propellant charge inside the case, usually nitrocellulose powder, and a primer. The primer is seated in the base of the case, which is located opposite the neck and the muzzle of the case, into which the projectile is inserted.

[0004] A cartridge is stored in an area axially opposite the muzzle, namely the chamber, whereby the chamber has an inner contour that largely corresponds to the outer contour of the cartridge case and, depending on the design of the firearm, either completely accommodates the cartridge or the cartridge protrudes with a breech face area beyond the chamber to the rear, i.e., against the direction of fire.

[0005] When the gun is fired, the hot propellant gases produced by the combustion of the propellant expand and force the projectile down the barrel in the direction of fire. To ensure correct guidance and insertion of the projectile into the typically smaller diameter rifling of the barrel profile, a transition cone is present, in the area of ​​which the barrel diameter decreases to the specified caliber.

[0006] The force of the expanding propellant gases acts on the projectile on the one hand, but also on the cartridge case on the other, resulting in a force acting backwards in the direction of fire and a radial expansion that presses the case wall against the chamber wall. This so-called "settlement" is desirable because it creates a temporary gas seal and also provides friction to counteract the backward force of the propellant gases.

[0007] To hold the cartridge in the chamber during firing and to seal the chamber at the rear, firearms have so-called breech mechanisms. Different types of breech mechanisms include, for example, break-barrel breech mechanisms, tilting block breech mechanisms (Jäger system, Blaser system), falling block or vertical block breech mechanisms, and bolt breech mechanisms.

[0008] Typically, the breechblocks also accommodate a firing pin or firing pin to ignite the percussion cap located on the breechblock or the breech face of the breechblock by suddenly pressing it in, thus igniting the propellant charge.

[0009] Repeating firearms, and usually also self-loading firearms, employ bolt or cylinder breech mechanisms. At the end of the barrel, where the chamber is located, there is typically a breechblock housing, also known as a breech sleeve, within which a cylindrical bolt, the chamber, can move axially back and forth. In the closed position, this chamber is locked either directly to the barrel or to the breech sleeve in such a way that the cartridge is secured in the chamber by the breech face, i.e., the axial front surface of the bolt.

[0010] In conventional repeating rifles, especially bolt-action rifles, the bolt cylinder is manually moved within the receiver to open or close the chamber. By manually pushing the cylinder back and forth, an empty cartridge case is extracted from the chamber and ejected. A new cartridge is then fed from a magazine into the chamber from the rear, and the chamber is subsequently locked. In conventional rotary bolt actions with a bolt handle, the cylinder must be rotated with the bolt handle before the bolt can be opened or locked.

[0011] Locking is achieved via a varying number of locking elements, which can be designed as locking lugs that engage in corresponding recesses in the barrel or breechblock. Between the breechblock and the breechblock on the one hand, or between the breechblock and the barrel on the other (so-called direct locking), a rearward locking mechanism is used, in which the rearward engagement of the locking lugs axially secures the breech chamber in the breechblock or barrel.

[0012] The system that forms the genus in this case can certainly be seen in the Mauser 98 system, which represents a further development of previous Mauser systems.

[0013] Automatic and semi-automatic weapons also employ bolt-action systems. In these systems, the bolt cylinder can be manually cocked within the receiver, or it can be unlocked by recoil alone (recoil-operated) or by a combination of recoil and gas release (gas-operated). Springs then feed a new cartridge and lock the bolt. A prime example is the Browning BAR system, where gas release unlocks the bolt, and the bolt's return is achieved by the gas pressure acting on the cartridge, combined with recoil.The bolt actions of such automatic or semi-automatic systems, as well as those of so-called straight-pull repeaters, are typically constructed in two parts. One part performs the linear movement within the receiver, while the front part, the bolt head, engages the locking mechanism in the barrel or in the front section of the receiver. The bolt head and the rear part of the bolt are designed to rotate relative to each other. A cam track ensures the defined rotation of the bolt head, converting the linear movement of the rear bolt during forward or rearward travel into a rotary motion of the bolt head that locks or unlocks the bolt.

[0014] As already explained, the locking or unlocking can be gas pressure or recoil controlled, but it can also be done purely manually, as with straight-pull repeaters, so that it is also possible in particular to operate a locking system intended for semi-automatic weapons purely manually, as the converted Browning BAR system for the Browning straight-pull repeater "Maral" shows.

[0015] Self-loading systems that are converted to manual operation have the fundamental disadvantage that the feed spring, which closes the breech and feeds the cartridge, with a manual backward movement of the breech, causes the retraction movement to become increasingly difficult with increasing retraction, in the same way as the movement to first load a recoil-operated firearm.

[0016] Heavy firearm systems utilize, among other things, the so-called screw breech. The screw breech is a breech design specifically for artillery. It is primarily used in large-caliber guns, such as the M109 self-propelled howitzer. A common feature of screw breech systems is that the gun barrel and a movable breechblock (the breech cylinder) have corresponding external and internal threads. Before firing, the barrel is closed by screwing the breech cylinder in place, thus securing the cartridge in the barrel's chamber. So-called interrupted thread systems are common. "Interrupted" in this context means that at least two radial segments on the breech and in the barrel have screw threads, while the remaining segments are smooth and have a diameter such that the screw threads protrude from them.The locking screw is mounted axially displaceable in a pivot arm, and is rotated 90° to open or close. Approximately 50% of the thread circumference is used for locking (namely, the two thread segments), so that high gas pressures can be controlled if the closure is adequately dimensioned.

[0017] Early locking mechanisms engaged with a 90° turn of the screw (Reffye system, De Lahitolle system, Baranowski system), while other systems featured three screw segments, resulting in three smooth elements, the so-called De Bange system. These types of closures were also available in conical or oval shapes. At the beginning of the 20th century, attempts were made to develop a so-called comb closure from screw closures, in which the screw thread was replaced by parallel combs without a pitch. However, this design proved unsuccessful.The Armstrong Whitworth threaded breech system differs from other screw breech systems in that it uses a trapezoidal thread, which, however, is not a threaded breech in the strictest sense. Instead, a metal block is inserted into the barrel from above, with the locking mechanism provided solely by a screw that is either screwed into or onto the barrel from the rear, pressing the metal block against the rear edge of the powder chamber. This design thus combines elements of both wedge and screw breech systems.

[0018] Screw closures are also known from CH 475 540, DE 1 703 549, US 4,402,152, and US 2017 / 0074609 A1.

[0019] US Patent 2,685,754 describes a closure with rectangular locking lugs in cross-section that also interact in the manner of a screw cap.

[0020] The FR 95.582 shows a comparable closure, but without slope and with trapezoidal warts in cross-section, whose flanks are inclined towards each other.

[0021] US 3,057,100 depicts an extractor for an automatic weapon with a rather complex design, in which no rotating bolt head is used, nor is the bolt head used for locking. Locking is achieved by a sawtooth system located behind the bolt head, employing triangular teeth.

[0022] EP 1 780 493 A1 shows a closure which ultimately corresponds to the closure in the wart shape of US2,685,754 and is thus designed with rectangular closure warts in cross-section, which also work together in the manner of a screw closure.

[0023] The object of the invention is to create a locking system for firearms which, with simple and reliable operation, guarantees the highest locking security for both rotary chamber and rotary head locking systems and is therefore suitable for manual repeating or straight-pull weapons as well as for fully and semi-automatic weapons.

[0024] The problem is solved with a locking system having the features of claim 1.

[0025] Advantageous further training courses are marked in the sub-requirements.

[0026] According to the invention, the locking system has a locking head and a locking receptacle, both of which have corresponding engagement means that are brought into engagement by a rotation.

[0027] Corresponding engagement means are provided by threaded sections which have one or no pitch and have threaded combs which are arranged axially in a comb-like fashion one behind the other.

[0028] According to the invention, the locking thread is designed as a so-called saw thread. Conventional saw threads are characterized by one flank of the thread being inclined in cross-section, while the second flank of the same thread is radial in cross-section, i.e., perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

[0029] In contrast to this conventional design of a saw thread, the closure thread according to the invention is designed as a saw thread in which both flanks of the thread are inclined in the same direction in cross-section, but one of the threads is inclined more than the other in the case of a pointed thread.

[0030] In particular, with a pointed thread, the front flank in the direction of firing is more inclined than the rear flank in the direction of firing.

[0031] Due to the inclination of the rear flank, if the corresponding internal thread of the barrel or barrel extension is designed accordingly, when a force is applied axially against the direction of fire to the breech, the thread or both thread segments are pulled together by the interaction, thus increasing the breech action.

[0032] According to the invention, the saw thread or saw thread segments of the closure can be designed as a pointed thread or a trapezoidal thread.

[0033] The breech head on the one hand and the barrel or barrel extension as breech receptacle on the other hand can be designed with two, three or more threaded segments and a corresponding number of smooth areas or freed-up areas.

[0034] According to the invention, a spring force can also act within the closure between the first part, which causes a rotation of the closure head by an axial movement, and a second part, which does not move axially relative to the closure head, such that the closure head is held in the locked state by the spring force or the rotation of the closure head into a closure head receptacle is carried out with spring assistance.

[0035] The advantage here is that a particularly easy, gentle repetition process can be carried out.

[0036] The invention provides, for example, for the further development of a breechblock for a firearm, and in particular a handgun, and, among other things, for combining a screw breechblock with the features of a conventional rotating bolt or rotary head breechblock in such a way that, with maximized safety of this breechblock system, simple loading, firing, and unloading of the rifle or firearm is possible. In principle, the invention allows for a direct operative connection between the breechblock and the barrel, or between the breechblock and a barrel extension that accommodates the barrel, and thus indirectly between the breechblock and the barrel.

[0037] By providing a locking carrier and a locking body that is slidable on it and under axial spring pressure, as well as locking mechanisms between the locking body and locking head and locking head shaft, it is possible to ensure a particularly reliable function.

[0038] According to the invention, in order to vary the variability of a firearm with regard to caliber selection both for the purchaser and in the manufacture, a barrel extension is used in which the barrel is screwed into the essentially cylindrical barrel extension against the direction of firing, wherein an axial fixing is provided by an axial end of the receiving thread, from which the inner diameter of the barrel extension is preferably smaller, so that the screwing end clearly defines the position of the barrel in the barrel extension.

[0039] Furthermore, the barrel extension, acting as a breechblock receptacle, preferably has at least one outer radial projection in a cylindrical area between the inner barrel receptacle and the receptacle for the bolt located axially away from it in the firing direction. This projection acts as a radial locking spring, and more preferably two or more axially successive locking springs with an arc length of, for example, 180° around the circumference of the barrel extension. This allows the barrel and barrel extension to be inserted into a receptacle or corresponding groove(s) of a base body (chassis) of a firearm in the firing direction and secured there by rotation. For this purpose, when the barrel and barrel extension are inserted into the receptacle from the rear, the barrel extension is rotated 180° into the corresponding locking grooves in the receptacle after reaching its stop.

[0040] As is usual with rotary closures, it is also necessary with the closure according to the invention that, in order to insert the closure up to a position in which it can be rotated and thus locked, engagement elements and areas in which no engagement elements are present alternate.

[0041] Since the invention concerns a screw closure, threaded areas must alternate with non-threaded areas. For example, there can be two diametrically opposed threaded areas and, correspondingly, two smooth areas offset by 90°. This means that in the areas where there is no thread, i.e., the smooth areas, the closure head does not protrude beyond the smallest diameter of the thread at the root of the tooth.

[0042] With three or more locking areas, i.e., threaded areas, the angular offset between the threaded areas and the smooth areas is always the same in a symmetrical arrangement, thus maintaining an angle of 60° or a correspondingly smaller angle between the threaded and smooth areas. This angle also represents the so-called opening angle of the lock, since a 60° rotation of the lock in the threaded direction until it stops results in locking, and conversely, a 60° rotation in the opposite direction unlocks.

[0043] In the unlocked position, the smooth sections of the locking head are positioned between each pair of adjacent threaded sections within the corresponding thread of the locking receptacle and can be moved axially back and forth in this area without engaging. The threaded sections of the locking head are located within the smooth sections of the locking receptacle, thus allowing axial movement here as well.

[0044] With the bolt head in its forward-pushing, foremost position, the threads of both the bolt head and the bolt receptacle, which correspond to each other, can be engaged by rotating the bolt head clockwise until the threads of the bolt head and the bolt receptacle, and thus the teeth of the threads, are completely screwed into each other.

[0045] Preferably, at least one stop surface is formed on the locking receptacle on the one hand and on the rotating locking head on the other, which form a stop when the threads are fully screwed into each other, so that over-tightening and thus unscrewing of the thread in a clockwise direction is blocked.

[0046] The above statements apply analogously to other possible means of intervention.

[0047] Accordingly, the invention relates to a locking system for a firearm, comprising a locking receptacle and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking receptacle is formed as a hollow cylinder with at least one first radially inwardly projecting engagement means and at least one groove, wherein the groove is axially formed adjacent to the first engagement means, and a locking head is formed with at least one second projecting engagement means and an adjacent axial groove, wherein the first engagement means of the locking receptacle and the second engagement means of the locking head are designed to interlock correspondingly, wherein the corresponding engagement means are formed as threads with or without a pitch, wherein the respective threads each have at least one threaded lobe.wherein at least the rear flank of the at least one threaded ridge of the bolt head is inclined against the direction of fire and the corresponding rear flank of the at least one threaded ridge of the bolt receptacle is inclined in the direction of fire.

[0048] Advantageously, the thread combs can be designed as pointed or trapezoidal thread combs with inclined front flanks and inclined rear flanks.

[0049] In one embodiment, the front flanks and the rear flanks can have the same or different degrees of inclination.

[0050] Furthermore, the threads can have a pitch, whereby the thread pitch of the thread crests is the same.

[0051] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the bolt head is rotatably mounted on a bolt carrier and, in addition, a bolt body is provided which is slidable on a bolt head shaft of the bolt head and at least one compression spring is provided between the bolt body and the bolt carrier, which tends to move the bolt body in the direction of the bolt head, wherein means are provided on the bolt head shaft and on the bolt body which cause a rotation of the bolt head when the bolt body is displaced on the bolt head shaft.

[0052] In a further advantageous embodiment, the closure receptacle has one, two, three or more cylinder segments, each with a thread and threaded combs, wherein grooves are arranged between the cylinder segments, the grooves being arranged in the outer wall of the closure receptacle from radially inside to radially outside and extending into the outer wall at least to the bottoms of the threaded combs or passing completely through the cylinder outer wall.

[0053] Furthermore, it can be advantageous if one, two, three or more threaded segments with threaded combs are formed on the closure head, wherein grooves are present adjacent to the threaded segments which reach at least the depth of the bottoms of the threaded combs, so that the grooves interrupt the thread helix of the threaded combs.

[0054] It can also be advantageous if the radial width of the grooves corresponds to the radial width of the thread segments and the radial width of the grooves of the locking head corresponds to the radial width of the cylinder segments.

[0055] In the invention, the breechblock can also have the breech head, a breech head shaft extending axially against the direction of firing, and a breech body arranged around the breech head shaft, wherein the breech body has means that mount it axially sliding in a firearm in a rotationally fixed manner and, in addition, a control cam consisting of a control recess and a control pin is formed between the breech body and the breech head shaft, which mounts the breech head shaft in the breech body in a limited rotatable manner.

[0056] It is also advantageous if the locking head has at least one threaded comb which is formed from a threaded segment extending into one of the grooves and spanning the groove and forming a stop surface at its axially free end for a corresponding stop surface of a cylinder segment, so that when the threaded combs fully engage with each other, further screwing of the threaded combs into the threaded combs and thus of the threaded segments into the threads or the cylinder segments is blocked.

[0057] In the invention, the breech receptacle is advantageously formed in a barrel extension, wherein the barrel extension is designed to receive the barrel of a firearm, wherein the barrel extension has a locking area in addition to the breech locking area for receiving the breech or the breech head of the breech, wherein at least one ring segment-like projection is formed in the locking area, which is designed to interact with a corresponding groove in a sleeve or the chassis of a firearm, and the cylindrical shell wall of the breech receptacle or the barrel extension is formed of the sleeve of a firearm.

[0058] According to the invention, it is advantageously provided that the bolt head shaft on the one hand and the bolt body on the other hand are mounted on the bolt carrier, wherein the bolt head shaft is mounted rotatably but axially fixed on the bolt carrier, while the bolt body is axially displaceable but rotationally fixed on the bolt body (60).

[0059] In one embodiment, the bolt carrier is a bolt carrier plate and has two bolt carrier longitudinal support arms extending from it in the same direction, as well as extractor arms extending from each of these, wherein the bolt carrier plate is a flat plate-like component which is designed to stand upright with respect to the longitudinal extent of the bolt head stock or in the firing direction and has a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the bolt carrier has a bearing opening for a bolt head stock between narrow side edges of a lower edge of the bolt carrier plate, so that the bolt head stock is rotatably but axially fixed on the bolt carrier plate via a tongue and groove engagement.

[0060] In one embodiment, the closure body is a component with a substantially T-shaped cross-section, comprising a transverse component area and a substantially vertical component area. The transverse component area is plate-like, with a rear end wall, two longitudinal side walls, and a front end wall. A lower wall is formed between the front and rear end walls and the longitudinal side walls. The vertical component area extends centrally downwards from this lower wall, with side walls running parallel to the side walls. The side walls are substantially symmetrically spaced from the side walls. A bottom wall of the vertical component area is formed between the end walls. The bottom wall has a longitudinal opening in the center, which is located in the cylindrical bore.which is formed coaxially around the longitudinal axis of the locking body and a locking head shaft.

[0061] In an advantageous further development, a gap remains between the walls of the longitudinal arms of the locking carrier on the one hand and the lower wall of the transverse component area of ​​the locking body when the locking body is in use, wherein the bottom wall extends outwards beyond the side wall with a spring section and grooves are provided in the locking carrier plate of the longitudinal arms of the locking carrier, wherein the projection of the spring elements beyond the side walls corresponds to the depth of the grooves, so that the elements are designed to be received in the groove and the spring projections on the one hand and the grooves on the other hand form a tongue-and-groove system with which the locking body is arranged to slide longitudinally in the locking carrier.

[0062] Furthermore, it is advantageous if a locking lever is mounted in an upper surface of the breechblock carrier, wherein the locking lever is tilted about an axis of rotation into a slot, is arranged such that a pawl extension, which is formed at one end of the locking lever, extends into the area of ​​a bore for mounting the breechblock shaft or is pivotable into and out of this area of ​​the bore, wherein the locking lever has an actuating lever which is subjected to spring pressure by a spring in such a way that the pawl extension is pivoted into the bore through the muzzle under spring pressure.

[0063] It is also advantageous if a first and a second locking groove are arranged in the bolt head shank, wherein the first and second locking grooves are axial slots arranged in the surface of the bolt head shank, wherein the first and second locking grooves are designed so that they can correspond with the pawl of the locking lever, wherein the first and second locking grooves are axially offset from each other and radially offset from each other, wherein the second groove is located further away from the bolt head than the first groove, but is located in front of the first groove in the direction of bolt rotation, wherein the axial distance of the grooves corresponds to the screw-in depth of the bolt threads into each other, while the radial distance corresponds to the arc length that the bolt travels in the screw-in movement until the end of the screw-in movement.

[0064] In an advantageous embodiment, the rotation of the bolt head is effected by a forward movement of the bolt body, wherein the bolt body slides onto the bolt head shank and the control pin, which rests in a control pin bore, slides along the control surface and forces the bolt head to rotate to the right, wherein the control pin rests in an axial projection of the control surface in a starting position and during a forward movement the rotation of the bolt head, wherein the inclined surface of the control surface is shaped such that the angular offset between the axial end regions of the control surface corresponds to the angular offset traveled by the bolt head when fully screwed in.

[0065] The invention is explained by way of example with reference to a drawing.

[0066] This shows: Figure 1: the locking system according to the invention in a perspective view, showing the locking head and the locking receptacle; Figure 2: the locking system according to Figure 1 from a different perspective view; Figure 3: the locking system in a rear view; Figure 4: the locking system in a side view; Figure 5: locking head and shaft in a perspective view; Figure 6: another embodiment of a locking system according to the invention; Figure 7: the locking system according to Figure 6 in conjunction with the breech receptacle; Figure 8: the breech according to the invention and the breech receptacle in a perspective view from below; Figure 9: a partially cutaway and isolated view of the breech head and the breech head shank in the breech receptacle; Figure 10: the arrangement according to Figure 9 in a perspective view from the opposite side; Figure 11: the arrangement according to Figure 9 and Figure 10in a different perspective view; Figure 12: the arrangement according to Figure 7 in the locked state in a partially cutaway view; Figure 13: a perspective view of a partially cutaway closure according to the invention with the lock of a weapon; Figure 14: the arrangement according to Figure 13 in a perspective view of the locking carrier; Figure 15: the locking carrier according to the invention of the second embodiment; Figure 16: the locking carrier and locking body according to the invention of the second embodiment; Figure 17: the arrangement according to Figure 16 in a front view; Figure 18: the arrangement according to Figure 17 in a perspective side view; Figure 19: the arrangement according to Figure 18Figure 20: the locking body of the second embodiment according to the invention; Figure 21: the locking body in a perspective view from below with a guide strip arranged thereon; Figure 22: the locking body with a guide strip and a guide rail arranged thereon; Figure 23: the arrangement according to Figure 21 Figure 24: the complete breech in a perspective side view with the breechblock carrier; Figure 25: the breechblock head, breechblock head shaft and breechblock body according to the invention in a perspective front view; Figure 26: the breechblock body and the breechblock head shaft and the breechblock carrier arranged thereon; Figure 27: the arrangement according to Figure 26Figure 28: the locking body according to the invention in a perspective view from below with the control pin and the locking pawl; Figure 29: the locking head and locking head shaft according to the invention with the control recess and the control pin located therein in the closed position; Figure 30: the locking head and locking head shaft according to the invention with the locking pawl and the control pin according to the invention in a perspective view from the side in an open position; Figure 31: the locking head and locking head shaft according to the invention with the locking pawl and the control pin according to the invention in a perspective view from the side in the closed and locked position; and Figure 32: the arrangement according to Figure 31 in a perspective view from behind in an open locked position.

[0067] When the following refers to a firearm from the front, this means in the direction of fire, i.e., closer to the muzzle.

[0068] When the following refers to "rear" or "further away," this means against the direction of fire or further away from the muzzle.

[0069] When the terms "top" or "upper side" are used below, this refers to the side of the weapon that faces upwards in a conventional shooting position. This is usually the side of a weapon that, in a conventional shooting position, has aiming aids such as a telescopic sight, a reflex sight, or even iron sights, or that displays the line of sight.

[0070] When the term "bottom" or "underside" is used below, it refers to the side of the weapon that faces downwards in a conventional shooting position and usually has the pistol grip, trigger, and magazine well.

[0071] The closure system 1 according to the invention has at least one closure receptacle 2 and one closure head 3.

[0072] The breech receptacle 2 can be located in the insertion direction of a cartridge in front of the cartridge chamber on a barrel for a firearm or be arranged in a barrel extension 4.

[0073] The barrel extension 4 according to the invention is a cylindrical, sleeve-shaped component having a front opening 5 and a rear opening 6, both in the direction of fire. Viewed from the front opening 5, the barrel extension 4 has a thread 7 for screwing in a barrel, which corresponds to and is compatible with a conventional external barrel thread. A smooth section 8 adjoins the threaded section 7, facing away from the direction of fire. The smooth section 8 has a diameter that corresponds to the inner diameter of the thread 7 and thus reduces the inner diameter of the barrel extension 4. This section typically serves to accommodate the smooth end of a barrel, viewed against the direction of fire. The smooth section 8 terminates against the direction of fire with a stop 9, against which a barrel then rests on the chamber side.

[0074] The breech locking area 10 then adjoins the firing direction. The breech locking area 10 has three cylinder segments 11 extending rearward, i.e., against the firing direction, which continue the outer wall of the jacket 12 of the barrel extension 4 or a barrel.

[0075] The cylinder segments 11 are, for example, arranged symmetrically to one another and accordingly at an angle of, for example, 60° to each other. Accordingly, the cylinder segments 11 define grooves 14 radially between them, the grooves also being offset from each other by 60°. The cylinder segments terminate axially with end walls 15, the end walls 15 preferably being at the same height axially.

[0076] A thread 16 is formed on the inside of the cylinder segments 11. The thread 16 is consequently designed as an internal thread and, in particular according to the invention, as a saw thread, in which both flanks 18, 19 of a thread crest 17 are formed with a substantially identical inclination such that the respective thread crests 17 appear inclined in the direction of travel due to an inclined front flank 18 and an inclined rear flank 19. The respective cylinder segments 11 continue the thread, so that the thread or thread helix would be continuous without the grooves 14. Figure 4 The thread combs 17 are designed as a mixture between a trapezoidal and a pointed thread, as a pointed thread with flattened tooth tips or thread comb edges.

[0077] In the firing direction, upstream of the thread 16, the cylinder segments 11 have smooth areas 20 of axially different lengths. These smooth areas 20 are formed as the inner walls of the cylinder segments and are located axially at the level of the thread root, so that the threads project inwards from them. Since the thread 16 on the cylinder segments 11 is a continuous thread interrupted only by the grooves 14, the areas 20 have axially different lengths.

[0078] Accordingly, the threaded combs 17 are also formed differently axially on the individual cylinder segments 11, such that, for example, on one cylinder segment 11 the threaded combs begin directly adjacent to the end wall 15, while on other cylinder segments 11, in particular a cylinder segment 11a, a smooth area 21 is formed adjacent to the end wall 15, which projects radially inwards by the same amount as the threaded combs 17. This smooth area 21, which projects radially inwards, forms an axial stop surface 22 in its insertion direction of the thread.

[0079] The cylinder segments 11 can have the same radial width or arc length, but they can also have different widths, so that in this case the grooves 14 are not uniformly offset from each other by 60°, but, for example, two grooves 14 are offset from each other by a smaller angle. Accordingly, the threaded combs 17 can also have different lengths depending on the cylinder segment 11.

[0080] Furthermore, the cylinder segments 11 can be designed without intervening separating grooves, so that the shell wall 12 of the barrel extension 4 is continuous, but axial grooves 14 are then provided in the shell wall 12 of the barrel extension 4 such that the threads of the breech, which are to be described below, can slide along these areas.

[0081] The breechblock 3 has a breechblock head 25 and a breechblock head shaft 26, which may, for example, be formed in one piece. The breechblock head 25 and the breechblock head shaft 26 have an axial through-bore for receiving a firing pin and a firing pin spring, wherein the breechblock head forms a breech face 27 on its front side, which has a central through-bore 29 for a firing pin tip 30.

[0082] Furthermore, the bolt 3 has a bolt body 33 that surrounds the bolt head shaft 26 and thus has a central bore 34 in which the bolt head shaft is rotatably mounted. The bolt body 33 is rotationally fixed in a sleeve or chassis of the weapon, so that rotation between the bolt head shaft 26 and the bolt body 33 is only possible by the bolt head shaft 26 within the bolt body 33.

[0083] To ensure a defined rotation, a control cam is provided in the breech head shaft 26 as a control surface of a lateral control recess 35 in a manner known per se ( Fig. 5 , 29-32). The control recess 35 is penetrated by or interacts with a control pin 36, which is axially located on the breech head shaft 26, in contact with the control surface 35 in the breech body 33.

[0084] The control recess 35 has at its axially forward end an initially axially extending area 38, which has an axial length that corresponds at least to the diameter of the control pin 36 and then transitions into an inclined area 39, which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis up to an axially rear stop area 40.

[0085] The inclination of the control recess 35 in the inclined area 39 is designed such that a displacement of the locking body 33 axially forward causes the control pin 36 to move out of the axial area 38 of the control recess 35 and to slide along the inclined area, thereby causing a rotation in the direction of firing, in the case shown to the right.

[0086] The radial travel length of the control pin 36 in the control recess 35, i.e. from an axial area 38 to the rear axial stop area 40, is chosen such that this essentially corresponds to the radial screw-in depth of the threads 16 of the cylinder segments 11.

[0087] This means that the radial length or displacement of the control pin 36 corresponds to 60° for three symmetrical cylinder segments, 90° for two cylinder segments, and 45° for four cylinder segments. The axial length of the control recess 35 is selected such that only a reasonable force is required for rotation, while the bolt cycling travel is only minimally extended. In the open state of the bolt system, a leading edge 41 of the bolt body 33 is approximately the axial length of the control recess 35 away from a rear edge 42 of the bolt head 25. After the control pin has moved from the axial area 38 through the control recess 35 or its inclined section into the axially rear stop area, it is preferably still slightly spaced from the bolt head 25.

[0088] The control recess 35 and control pin 36 can also be arranged in reverse on the components bolt head shaft 26 and bolt body 33, so that the control recess 35 is located in the bolt head shaft 26 and the control pin 36 in the bolt body 33. It is essential that a defined rotation of the bolt head or the bolt head shaft 26 in the bolt body 33 is ensured by means of a control pin 36 and a control recess 35.

[0089] To create a rotary locking mechanism between the locking head 25 and the locking receptacle 2, the locking head 25 has threaded segments 44 corresponding to the threads 16 and threaded combs 17 of the cylinder segments 11. The threaded segments 44 are thus designed as external threads, with grooves 45 formed between the threaded segments 44 corresponding to the threads 16. The groove bottoms extend to or are recessed deeper than the thread bottoms between the threaded combs 46. Each threaded comb 46 has a front flank 47 and a rear flank 48. According to the invention, the front flank and the rear flank can be inclined, and their inclination corresponds to that of the front flank 19 and the rear flank 18 of the threads 17 of the cylinder segments 11.

[0090] This means that when the locking head 25 is pulled out of the barrel receptacle 2, the individual threaded combs 17, 46 are pulled into one another due to the inclined planes.

[0091] The bolt head 25 and the bolt head shaft 26 have in the area of ​​a groove 45 a continuous axial groove 49 for a cartridge ejector (not shown), which, when a cartridge is extracted from the cartridge chamber with the aid of the bolt head 25, dips into the groove 49 when the bolt 3 is retracted and reaches the breech face, where it presses on the cartridge base in a manner known per se and thus ejects the cartridge from an ejection port of a weapon.

[0092] Alternatively, a spring-loaded ejector can be installed directly in the breech face 51 of the bolt head 25 to eject the cartridge case.

[0093] The threaded combs 46 of the threaded segments 44 of the locking head 25 correspond to a continuous thread helix, which is, however, interrupted by the grooves 45, wherein on a threaded segment 44 of the locking head 25 one or two thread turns adjacent to a rear edge 42 of the locking head 25 project into a groove 45 that leads in the direction of rotation and form a stop surface 52 in order to form a radial turning stop in conjunction with a stop surface 22 of the locking receptacle 2.

[0094] In particular, several threads are superimposed on both the locking head 25 and the locking receptacle 2, forming a multi-row thread helix. For example, three threads are superimposed, forming a three-row thread helix.

[0095] Since the thread segments 44, as well as the threads 16 of the breech receptacle 2, are part of a single- or multi-row thread helix, they are designed differently on the individual thread segments, so that smooth areas 50 are formed adjacent to a breech face 51, which on the one hand extend beyond the breech face 51 and thus guide the cartridge radially, and on the other hand correspond in their respective axial and radial extent to the smooth areas 21 and lie against it in the closed state of the breech.

[0096] The groove bottoms of the grooves 45 can be flat or curved according to the cylindrical curvature of the locking head.

[0097] The general interaction of the locking head 25 and the locking locking area 10 according to the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 4The process is explained below. The bolt 3, together with the bolt body 33, the bolt head shaft 26 within it, and the bolt head 25, is pushed towards the locking area 10. In doing so, the grooves 45 of the bolt head 25 engage with the cylinder segments 11, and the threaded segments 44 of the bolt head 25 engage with the grooves 14 between the cylinder segments 11.

[0098] The grooves 14 on the one hand and the grooves 45 on the other are dimensioned such that, from this point onward, the bolt head 25 is guided axially, allowing axial sliding movement between the bolt locking area 10 and the bolt head 25. This axial insertion is possible until the front flank 47 of the threaded ridge, or of the front threaded ridge that projects into a groove 45, abuts an end wall 15. This blocks purely axial movement of the bolt head 25 within the bolt locking area 10. This blockage then axially displaces the control pin 36 forward in or on the control recess 35, causing the control pin 36 to rotate the bolt head shaft 26 as it slides along the control recess 35.This rotation causes the thread combs 46 of the thread segments 25 to engage between the thread combs 17 of the threads 16, so that a screwing thread engagement of all thread combs 16, 17 takes place simultaneously.

[0099] After a corresponding rotation of 60° (with three cylinder segments 11 and three thread segments 44), the threaded comb 51 or several of them projecting into the groove 45 abuts the stop surface 22 with a radially leading edge 52, so that the radial movement is stopped. In this state, the locking head 25 is screwed in lockingly in the locking locking area 10, and preferably only a slight axial movement of the control pin 35 into the axial area 38 of the control recess 35 is now possible.This axial movement of the control pin 36 into the axial area 38 of the control recess 35 effects a form of radial fixation of the bolt head, because since the bolt body 33 is mounted in a sleeve or on a chassis of the firearm in a rotationally fixed manner, the engagement of the control pin 36 in the axial area 38 now also fixes the bolt head in a first way in a rotationally fixed manner, so that without an active retraction of the bolt body 33, it is not possible to unscrew the bolt head 25 from the bolt locking area 10.

[0100] The locking body 33 is typically also acted upon by at least one compression spring, which is mounted between the locking body 33 and a locking carrier 60, so that the control pin is pressed into the axial area 38 under spring force. This will be described in more detail later.

[0101] This spring force preferably acts only in the range of axial movement of the bolt head 25, within the bolt receptacle 2, i.e., as long as the threads 16, 44 are in the grooves 14, 45. In this way, the spring assists the "finding" and threading of the threads 16, 44 into one another. In the axial range of movement of the bolt head, in which it is fully rotated into its unlocked rotational position outside the bolt receptacle, the rotational movement of the bolt head shaft 26 is blocked by an acting, controlled pawl 141, which can engage in locking grooves 53, 54 in the bolt head shaft 26 and thereby neutralizes the spring force.

[0102] This arrangement ensures that the bolt head, as soon as it can rotate into the barrel extension, automatically rotates towards full locking. Conversely, once the bolt head has been fully moved into the unlocked rotational position by the cycling process, this spring force no longer acts on the rotational movement of the bolt head or the further cycling travel. Even in the event of recoil triggered by firing, this recoil acts against the extraction direction of the control pin from the axial area 38, thus preventing any unintentional, partial disengagement of the bolt head 25 from the bolt locking area 10 and automatically fully locking the bolt.

[0103] The locking pawl 141, which neutralizes the spring force acting on the rotational movement, can also preferably be controlled from the outside in the fully locked rotational position of the breech head to block against unintentional opening of the breech by engaging in the locking groove 53, for example during transport of the weapon.

[0104] For this purpose, the locking pawl 141 is preferably actuated via the weapon's mechanical safety, which is operated by the shooter, or is designed separately. Since this locking mechanism acts directly on the bolt head, the interlocking engagement elements, such as a bolt thread, directly prevent any axial movement of the bolt against the direction of fire.

[0105] For the surface contact and axial guidance, even if it is possible according to the invention to enable direct locking of the breech head in a correspondingly shaped breech locking area 10 of a barrel end in front of the cartridge chamber, it is preferred that the breech system form a locking between a breech head 25 of a breech 3 and a breech receptacle 2, wherein the breech receptacle 2 is designed as a barrel extension or barrel receptacle for the barrel of a firearm.

[0106] For this purpose, the breech receptacle 2, as already described, is formed with a threaded bore on its inner side. The breech receptacle 2 according to the invention additionally has at least one or more ring-segment-like projections 55 on an outer cylindrical surface 12, in particular three ring-segment-like projections 55, which are arranged axially one after the other.

[0107] These projections 55 serve to engage with correspondingly shaped grooves (not shown) in a corresponding receiver sleeve of a firearm. The outer wall 12 of the barrel extension 4 or bolt receptacle 4, on the one hand, and the projections 55, on the other, ensure a long cylindrical guide in a corresponding hollow cylindrical receptacle (not shown), and the projections 55 provide a correspondingly precise and durable axial fixation. The receptacle for the barrel extension 4 is preferably a clamping sleeve. The ring segments 55 serve as a type of locking lug, having an arc length of preferably slightly less than 180°. It is provided here that both the bolt receptacle 2 or...The barrel extension 4, with a barrel screwed into it, is inserted into a corresponding receiving sleeve, which is designed in particular as a clamping sleeve, of a firearm in the direction of firing and then rotated 180° until the ring segments are completely in corresponding grooves. A clamping action can then be achieved, so that a secure fit is obtained in every spatial direction.

[0108] Due to the installation direction of the barrel / barrel extension from the rear in the direction of firing, it is possible to design any attachments of the weapon, such as the handguard or forend, to follow the contour of the barrel, in contrast to the state of the art of systems with installation direction from the front into the weapon against the direction of firing, which require the largest cross-sectional area of ​​the barrel as the minimum clearance around it.

[0109] This is particularly problematic with today's state of the art in accessory mounting, where mounting parts, such as screws, protrude radially inwards towards the barrel and thus either have to be removed from the system before the barrel is removed, or whose mounting points [handguard tube] require a corresponding additional increase in cross-section with a concomitant increase in the size of the weapon.

[0110] According to the invention, it has been found that in systems with axially tensioned barrels / barrel extensions, the axial tension force is insufficient to prevent unwanted axial movement against the direction of fire due to the recoil force, while, on the other hand, the predominantly frictional force of the projectile on the barrel towards the end of its passage through the barrel causes a movement of the barrel / barrel extension in the direction of fire, which leads to unwanted changes in position and affects the function and precision.

[0111] The invention offers the advantage of creating a highly robust locking mechanism for a firearm, as the locking mechanism according to the invention between threads 16 and thread segments 44 results in a very large locking surface. Furthermore, the inclination of the threaded combs 17 and 46 leads to reinforced interlocking under load. In addition, the arrangement of the threaded combs 17 and 46, together with the defined rotation of the locking head, results in a highly precise and accurate, self-engaging locking action. To further improve this, the threaded combs 46 can have slight chamfers on their ends in the areas where they face the corresponding threaded combs, allowing the threaded combs 44 and 17 to slide into each other even more easily.

[0112] The arrangement of a rotating bolt with a bolt head 25, a bolt head shaft 26 and a bolt body 33 also allows for great variability in the firearm, because the actuation of this bolt 3 can be carried out either via a bolt handle in the manner of a straight-pull repeating rifle or with a gas release and a bolt cycling movement by recoil and / or gas pressure on the one hand and forward movement by means of a bolt closing spring, so that manual, semi-automatic and automatic weapons can be realized with one concept.

[0113] The entire closure mechanism is described in more detail below.

[0114] As already explained, the assembly consisting of the bolt head 25 and the bolt head shaft 26 is held in an axial bore of a bolt body 33, whereby the bolt body 33 can slide axially on the bolt head shaft 26 (or vice versa). Furthermore, the bolt body 33 carries the control pin 36, which, when sliding along the control surface 35 or a correspondingly shaped control groove 35, causes a rotation of the bolt head shaft and thus of the bolt head.

[0115] In an advantageous embodiment, the bolt head shaft 26 and the bolt body 33 are mounted on a bolt carrier 60. In this embodiment, the bolt head shaft 26 is rotatably but axially fixed on the bolt carrier 60, while the bolt body 33 is axially displaceable but rotationally fixed on the bolt carrier 60.

[0116] The bolt carrier 60 has a bolt carrier plate 61 and extending from it in the same direction two bolt carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63, as well as extractor arms 64, 65 extending from each of these.

[0117] The breechblock carrier plate 61 is a flat plate-like component which is designed to stand upright with respect to the longitudinal extent of the breechblock head stock 26 or in the direction of firing and has a substantially rectangular cross-section.

[0118] The locking carrier plate 61 thus has a front wall 66, a rear wall 67 as well as two narrow side edges 68, a lower edge 69 and a top edge 70.

[0119] Approximately midway between the narrow side edges 68, a bearing opening 71 for a bolt head stock is provided from the lower edge 69. This bearing opening 71 has a circular segment-shaped area 73 that extends from the rear wall 67 to approximately halfway across the thickness of the bolt carrier plate 61. From the front wall 66, the opening 71 is formed on both sides with straight engagement wall sections 73, which terminate or merge at the top in an approximate circular arc 74.

[0120] The opening, and in particular the round opening area 72 and the straight wall sections 73 or the distance between them, is dimensioned such that an end area 74 of the bolt head shaft 26 is mounted in the round opening area 72, while the straight wall sections 73 can engage as springs 73 for a circumferential groove 75, which is arranged adjacent to the area 74 in the bolt head shaft 26.

[0121] This makes it possible to arrange the locking head shaft 26 axially fixed, but rotatable between the wall sections 73, in the bearing opening 71.

[0122] The upper edge 70 of the locking plate 61 has two steps 76 which extend obliquely upwards and thus, spaced apart from the narrow side walls 68, raise the locking plate 61 upwards, leading into a roof surface 77 running parallel to the upper edge 70. A control surface 78 is formed centrally from the roof surface 77, sloping downwards towards the rear wall 67. The control surface 78 extends from the rear wall 67 to approximately the longitudinal center of the roof surface 77 and continues from there with a control projection 79, which has a rounded upper end. The control surface 78 and control projection 79 serve to cock the striking element of a lock (not shown) as the locking mechanism recoils.

[0123] Adjacent to the bearing opening 71, elongated, rectangular-section grooves 80 are formed in the locking carrier plate 61 on both sides of the bearing opening 71. These grooves extend parallel to the lower edge 69 and the upper edge 70, each extending a short distance towards the narrow side walls 68. From the lower edge 69, narrow, inclined wall sections 81 extend towards the bearing opening 71 and towards a lower edge of the groove 80, respectively.

[0124] On the underside, flush with the lower edge 69 of the locking carrier plate 61, two locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 extend forward on both sides of the bearing opening 71 and symmetrically with respect to the transverse center, perpendicular to the plane of the front wall 66 of the locking carrier plate 61. The locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 are essentially cuboid in shape with a flat outer wall 84, an upper wall 86 running transversely to this, a lower wall 87 initially running parallel to this and flat, and an inwardly projecting wall section 85.

[0125] The outer walls 84 have a distance to the narrow side walls 68, so that a step is formed between the narrow side walls 68 and the outer walls 84.

[0126] The upper wall 86 and the lower wall 87 are designed to run parallel to the upper edge 70 or roof surface 77, but away from the upper edge 70.

[0127] The lower walls 87 are designed with an initially flat area such that they terminate with a lower edge 69 of the locking carrier plate 61 and extend this forwards.

[0128] The inner walls 85 are designed such that they continue the inclined surfaces 81 adjacent to the grooves 80, with corresponding grooves 88 extending from the grooves 80 in the inner walls 85. The upper wall sections of the inner walls 85 between the grooves 88 and the upper wall 86 are recessed relative to the straight wall sections 73.

[0129] In addition, the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 have flat front surfaces 89, which are arranged parallel to the plane of the front wall 66 or rear wall 67 of the locking carrier plate 61.

[0130] From the front or end faces 89 of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 to about one third of the longitudinal extension of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 from the locking carrier plate 61 to the end faces 89, the lower wall 87 is rounded with a rounded area 90, which extends in a rounded arc shape from to the inclined surfaces 81.

[0131] The extractor arms 64 and 65 are each mounted on the end faces 89 and also extend forwards. The extractor arms 64 and 65 have a segment-shaped cross-section with a flat upper wall 92, a segment-shaped outer wall 93, and a segment-shaped inner wall 94.

[0132] Furthermore, the extractor arms 64 each have a flat lower wall 96 and front end faces 95. The end faces 95 run parallel to the end faces 89, the upper wall 92 and the lower wall 96 each run parallel to each other and parallel to the walls 86 or the flat areas of the walls 87.

[0133] The width of the extractor arms 64, 65 between the ring-segment-like outer walls 93 and inner walls 94 is, for example, approximately half the width of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62 in the area of ​​their upper wall 86. The walls 93, 94 are thus set back from the walls 85, 84, with the lower wall 96 terminating with a similarly inclined surface in the area of ​​the inclined surfaces.

[0134] The shape of the extractor arms 64, 65 is designed to match the shape of the grooves 14 between the cylinder segments 11 of the breech locking area 10 of the barrel extension 4 or breech receptacle 2, so that the extractor arms 64, 65 engage in the grooves as positively as possible and are thus also shaped to fit the cylinder segments 11 in such a way that, in the closed state of the breech of the barrel extension or breech receptacle, the circular arc of the cylinder segments 10 is closed.

[0135] Adjacent to the end faces 95, a T-slot 95 is provided between the walls 92, 96 at approximately equal intervals, such that the end walls 95 form corresponding rear grips 98 behind which the slot widens in a T-shaped crossbar. Each of the slots 97 is fitted with an extractor claw, which forms a flat rear wall 100 for bearing against the flat end face 95 or flat end wall 95 of the extractor arms 64, 65 and is formed with a curvature 101 extending forward from a top to a bottom, the curvature 101 being rounded and optionally arc-shaped such that it corresponds to a curvature at the end of the slots 14. The extractor claws 99 are thus formed in the T-slots 97 with corresponding T-shaped projections 102, which extend away from the rear wall 100, and are radially displaceable outwards and inwards.

[0136] Oval or flat heart-shaped bores 104 extend longitudinally from the groove base 103 through the extractor arms 64, 65, which also have an enlarged rounded cross-section and penetrate the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63 and also penetrate longitudinally through the locking carrier plate 61.

[0137] On the path of the bore 104 through the bolt carrier longitudinal support arms and the extractor arms 64, 65, a step (not shown) is provided, for example, as a counter bearing for an adjusting screw (not shown). By rotating the adjusting screw (not shown), which is screwed axially into the extractor claws 99 or acts on them via an eccentric, the extractor claws 99 can be moved outwards or inwards via the T-shaped recess 102 in the grooves 97, so that either one extractor claw 99 or both extractor claws 99 can engage in the extractor groove of a cartridge in a manner known per se.

[0138] Preferably, only one extractor claw engages, which means that the ejection direction of the cartridge can be adjusted to one side or the other via a cartridge ejector (not shown) on the one hand and the extractor claw, which is only present or engages on one side.

[0139] The extractor claw 99 has an outer wall 105, wherein the outer wall 105 is shaped correspondingly to the outer wall 93, so that the extractor claw in an outer position in which it cannot engage in a cartridge extractor groove is flush with the wall 93, or in the outer position in which it does not engage protrudes beyond the outer wall 93.

[0140] If the extractor claw is activated, its outer surface 105 is set back from the outer wall 93 of the extractor arm 64, 65 by the amount by which it projects inwards, or is flush with it according to the second alternative described above.

[0141] The extractor claws 99 are spatially separated from the bolt head 25 by the fact that the bolt head is fixed via the bolt head shaft 26 and its end or groove on the bolt carrier plate 61, and also in relation to the breech face of the bolt head, by the fact that an inwardly projecting engagement edge is arranged at the corresponding height of the cartridge extractor groove of a cartridge.

[0142] The closure body 33 is a component with a cross-section that is essentially T-shaped, comprising a transverse component area 110 and an essentially vertical component area 111. The dimensions are approximately such that the width of the transverse component area 110 is about three times the width of the vertical component area, and the thickness of the transverse component area from bottom to top is approximately the length of the longitudinal or vertical component area 111.

[0143] The transverse component area 110 is designed as a plate with a rear end wall 112, two longitudinal side walls 113 and a front end wall 114. A lower wall 115 is formed between the front and rear end walls 112, 114 and the longitudinal side walls 113.

[0144] A ceiling wall 116 is formed between the upper edges of the longitudinal side walls 113.

[0145] Extending centrally downwards from the lower wall 115, i.e., away from the lower walls 115, is the vertically oriented component section 111 with side walls 117, which run parallel to the side walls 113 of the transversely oriented component section 110 and orthogonal to the lower wall 115. The side walls 117 are symmetrically spaced from the side walls 113. The component sections 110 and 111 share common rear and front end walls 112 and 114.

[0146] Between the end walls 117 a bottom wall 118 of the component area 111 is formed, wherein the bottom wall 118 has a longitudinally central opening 119, which is in the cylindrical bore 34, which is formed coaxially around the longitudinal axis of the locking body 33 and a locking head shaft 26.

[0147] The base wall 118 extends outwards beyond the side wall 117 with a spring section 120, which is elongated and cuboid in shape and arranged against the outer wall 117, thus extending the outer wall 117 with a step 121. The distance between the step 121 and the base wall 118 running parallel to it corresponds to the height of the groove 80 in the locking carrier plate 61 and the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, with the projection of the spring elements 120 beyond the side wall 117 corresponding to the depth of the grooves 80. Thus, the elements 120 are designed to fit into the groove 80.

[0148] The height of the side walls 117 between the elements 120 and the lower wall 115 of the component area 110 is greater than the distance of the grooves 80 to the top 86 of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63 in the area of ​​their inner walls 85, so that in the installed state of the locking body 33 a gap remains between the upper walls 86 of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63 on the one hand and the lower wall 115 of the transverse component area 110 of the locking body 33.

[0149] Thus, the spring projections 120 on the one hand and the grooves 80 on the other hand form a tongue and groove system with which the locking body 33 can be arranged to slide longitudinally in the locking carrier 60.

[0150] The ceiling wall 116 of the component area 110 is reinforced with two upwardly sloping steps 124 to form an upper ceiling surface 125.

[0151] The steps 124 are spaced a distance from the side walls 113 and are designed accordingly in steps 76 with respect to their height and course, wherein the surface 125 corresponds with respect to its transverse extent to the upper edge 77 of the locking carrier plate 61, so that the correspondingly formed edges are flush with each other. From one side, a transverse groove 126, for example rectangular, is milled into a step 124, which opens into a through-bore 127. This through-bore is orthogonal to the upper ceiling surface 125, extending through it into the locking body 33 and reaching to the bottom wall 118 of the component area 111, thus preferably passing completely vertically through the locking body 33.

[0152] The bore 127 has a diameter that is adapted to the outer diameter of a control pin 34, the bore being designed in such a way that in the area of ​​the longitudinal bore 34 it only partially extends laterally into the wall 117 limiting the bore 34, so that the control pin 36 extends laterally into the bore 34.

[0153] Adjacent to the longitudinal walls 113, through spring-receiving bores 129 are arranged from the end face 114 to the end face 112. These bores 129 are wider in the region of the end wall 114 and narrower in the region of the end wall 112. Thus, the bores 129 narrow along their course from the end wall 114 to the end wall 112 with a step 132. Preferably, a pressure pin 130 is arranged in the narrower region of the bore 129, which is supported in the narrower region of the bore 129 by a shaft 133 and extends with a further region 134, in particular in the manner of a nail head, into the wider region of the bore 129. The pressure pin 130 is dimensioned such that, on the one hand, in the narrower diameter area of ​​the bore 129, it has the same diameter as the bore 129 and is longitudinally displaceable within it, but is limited by the step 132.When the wider section rests against the step, the pin preferably projects beyond the end wall 112 by a desired amount. To apply spring pressure to the pressure pin 130, a compression spring (not shown), in particular a coiled compression spring, is located in the wider section of the bore 129, preferably having a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the wider section of the bore 129.

[0154] This compression spring is held under pressure in the bore 129 by corresponding screws (not shown) which are screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the bore 129 in the area of ​​the opening of the further area of ​​the bore 129 in the area of ​​the end face 114.

[0155] If necessary, the thread can extend so deep into the bore 129 and the screw can be designed as a grub screw in such a way that the spring pressure can be adjusted by screwing the grub screws in to different depths (not shown).

[0156] In a basic position, the screws, in particular grub screws (not shown), preferably end flush with the end wall 114 and do not protrude beyond it.

[0157] In the front wall 66 of the locking carrier plate 60, blind bores 131 are provided aligned with the bore 129 for the purpose of storing the pressure pins 129 ( Fig. 15 , 16 ), which engage in the free ends of the pins 129.

[0158] Adjacent to bore 127, a longitudinal slot 133 is provided in the upper ceiling surface 125, extending axially into the closure body 33 at a distance from the end walls 112, 114. Adjacent to end wall 112, the slot 133 extends through the component area 110 into bore 34, the length of the through portion of the slot being, for example, one quarter to one third or more of the total length of the slot 134. The opening 135 of the slot 134 in bore 34 is located, for example, at the longitudinal center of bore 34. A lateral groove 137 is arranged at an end 136 of the slot 134 closer to the end wall 114. A vertical bore 139 is arranged in the bottom 138 of the groove 137 for receiving a spring and / or a spring-loaded pin.In addition, parallel to the slot 134, a flat rectangular groove 140 is present, extending from the end wall 112 of the end wall 114, whereby the rectangular groove 140 does not have the depth of the groove 137, towards a wall 113, facing away from the slot 134, but terminating with and covering this wall.

[0159] A locking lever 141 is mounted in the slot 134 and the groove 137.

[0160] The locking lever 141 is a flat-elongated component which is received upright in the longitudinal slot 134 and is arranged to be tiltable about a pivot axis (not shown) in the slot 134 such that a pawl extension 142, which is formed at one end of the locking lever, extends downwards through the opening into the area of ​​the bore 34 or can pivot into and out of this area of ​​the bore 34.

[0161] For this purpose, the locking lever 141 has an actuating lever 143 at its opposite end, which can be mounted in the groove 137 and is in particular loaded and pivoted about its axis of rotation by the spring mounted in the bore 139 or the spring pressure pin mounted in the bore 139, so that under the spring pressure the pawl extension 142 is pivoted through the opening 134 into the bore 34 under spring pressure.

[0162] The groove 140 serves to receive and guide an actuating element or a control surface, with which the actuating lever 143 can be pressed into the groove 137 against the pressure of the spring mounted in the bore 139, so that when the actuating lever is pressed in, the pawl 142 is pivoted out of the area of ​​the bore 34 through the opening 135, whereby it is sufficient for the functionality of the closure if an actuating element 146 is present.

[0163] On the lower wall 115 of the component area 110, longitudinally or axially extending receiving grooves 145 are provided, in particular symmetrically between the longitudinal direction of the bores 129 and the walls 117 of the component area 111, which, however, do not extend through to the walls 112, 114, but are spaced apart with their groove ends.

[0164] These grooves 145 serve to receive and secure one actuating element 146 each. The actuating element 146 has a connecting plate 147, the width of which corresponds to the distance between the side wall 117 and the side wall 113. Furthermore, the connecting plate 147 has a length corresponding to the length between the end walls 112 and 114, so that the plate completely covers the respective underside sections between the longitudinal walls 113 and the end walls 112 and 114 on the one hand, and the side wall 117 on the other. Each connecting plate 147 has a spring element on its upper side for engaging in the grooves 145, so that the connecting plate 147 is secured to the locking body 33 in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

[0165] A connecting plate 148 extends transversely to the connecting plate 47 from a top surface 116 of the component area 110, or terminates with it. This outer plate 148 has the same longitudinal extent as the connecting plate 147 and is formed integrally with it. With a short section 149, the plate 148 completely covers the outer wall 113 and extends downwards beyond the connecting plate 147 and the lower walls 118 to a lower edge 150. A connecting spring 142 or a connecting projection 152 is arranged at this lower edge 150, projecting beyond an inner wall 151 of the plate 148. The actuating element 146, and thus the locking body 33, can be connected to an actuating rail 153 by means of this connecting spring 142 or a connecting projection 152. The actuating rail 153 has a corresponding recess 154 or slot 154 in the area of ​​the projection 152. The actuating rail 153 extends in the direction of the weapon towards the muzzle, i.e.forwards and serves to attach a repeating lever (not shown) to its front end, so that the breech can be started and moved from an area located very far forward on the weapon using a repeating lever.

[0166] As already explained, one actuating element 146 and one actuating rail 153 can be arranged on each side of the locking body, but it is sufficient if the corresponding element is present on the side on which the shooter would have to repeat the action.

[0167] Due to the symmetrical design of both the actuating element 146 and the actuating rail 153, a weapon can be adapted to the needs of the shooter by arranging these elements on the respective side of the breech body.

[0168] If, for reasons of symmetry, two actuating elements 146 and two actuating rails 146, 153 are present, it is sufficient, for example, to move the repeating lever from one side to the other.

[0169] If only one actuating element 146 is arranged on the locking body and thus only one actuating rail 153, only one connecting plate is present on the other side to close the gap between the underside 115 or lower wall 115 of the component area 110 on the one hand and the upper wall 86 of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63 on the other hand and to bring about a positive locking.

[0170] In the assembled state, the actuating element 146 with the actuating plate 148 rests against the respective outer wall 84 of the locking carrier longitudinal support arms 62, 63 and extends beyond their lower wall 87.

[0171] The following section will explain the function of the closure once again. The different designs according to... Figures 1-4 and 5-32 They basically have the same functionality, even if the Figures 1-4 In one embodiment, the bolt body is a cylindrical sleeve with a through-hole for a control pin, while in the second embodiment, the bolt head shaft does not have a slot but rather a control surface. The functionality is the same, since in both cases the bolt head shaft 26 is fixed except for rotation and longitudinal displacement, and thus, even in the second embodiment, the bolt head shaft 26 or the control groove 35 cannot move away from the control pin 36.

[0172] According to the second embodiment, the breech head shaft contains 26 ( Figure 31 ) first and second locking grooves 53, 54 arranged.

[0173] The first and second locking grooves 53, 54 are axial slots in the surface of the bolt head shaft 26, which are designed to correspond with the pawl 142 of the locking lever 141. In the Figures 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 The control pin 36 and the locking pawl 141 are shown only in their function, but not in their complete spatial arrangement in the locking body 33 in order to better explain the function.

[0174] The first and second locking grooves 53, 54 are axially offset from each other and also radially offset from each other, with the second groove 54 being located further away from the locking head 25 than the first groove 53, but positioned in front of the first groove 53 in the direction of locking rotation. The axial distance between the grooves 53, 54 corresponds to the screw-in depth of the locking threads, while the radial distance corresponds to the arc length traveled by the locking mechanism during the screw-in movement until the end of the screw-in motion. This means that with an opening or closing angle of 60° of the locking head in the locking receptacle, the arc distance between the two grooves 53 and 54 is also 60°.

[0175] As already explained, the rotation of the locking head 25 is achieved by a forward movement of the locking body 33 (in the Figures 29 to 32(not shown) causes. The locking body slides on the locking head shaft 26, whereby the control pin 36, which is in its control pin bore 127 ( Figure 20 ) rests ( Figure 21 ), slides along the control surface 35 and sets the locking head 25 into a rotational movement (in Figures 29 to 32 ) forces to the right. The starting position is in Figure 30 to see.

[0176] Here, the control pin 36 rests on the axial projection 40 of the control surface 35. During forward movement, the locking head 25 rotates according to the Figures 29 and 30 The inclined surface 39 of the control surface 35 is shaped exactly such that the angular offset between the axial areas of the control surface 35, namely the areas 40 and 38, corresponds to the angular offset (in this case 60°) that is traversed by the locking head 25 when fully screwed in.

[0177] Both the open position ( Figures 30 , 32) as well as the closed position ( Figures 29 , 31 ) are preferably lockable.

[0178] In the open position, the bolt can be fully inserted with its grooves 45 into the area of ​​the threads 16 of the bolt receptacle, and its threads 44 can be fully inserted into the grooves 14. To then fully engage the threads 16 and 44, the bolt head must be rotated accordingly. This position is then the closed position according to the Figures 29 and 31 .

[0179] In the open position ( Figures 30 , 32The locking lever 141 is able to lock this position with the pawl extension 143 when the latter engages in the groove 54. This is caused by the fact that the actuating lever 143, which is formed at the opposite end of the locking lever 141, is under spring pressure and can thus allow the pawl extension 142 to engage in the groove 54 under spring pressure. In this locked position, movement of the bolt body 33 onto the bolt head shank 26 is not possible, since both radial and axial movement are blocked by the locking lever 141.

[0180] If the locking lever 141 is lifted out of the groove 54 by pressing down on the actuating lever 143, the Figure 31 and 29The locked and closed position of the lock shown is achieved, in which the spring-loaded actuating lever 143 in turn pivots the locking lever 143 so that the pawl extension 142 this time enters the axially front groove 53.

[0181] However, as already explained, the turning movement of the locking head is promoted or caused in particular by compression springs acting between the locking carrier 60 and the locking body 33.

[0182] The locking lever 141 can be actuated, in particular, via the lock of the firearm, and specifically also via the safety slide or lever, so that when the safety is engaged, the closed and / or open positions can be locked. Locking the open position is particularly useful when, as provided in the invention, spring pressure acts between the carrier and the locking body, since otherwise this spring pressure could potentially cause a rotational movement into the closed position.

[0183] Preferably, the locking lever 143 is pivoted such that the locking head is released the moment it enters the locking receptacle. Rotation of the locking head would thus be possible, but is prevented until the position is reached in which the threaded sections can slide into one another.

[0184] The invention has the advantage that the modular design of the closure, consisting of a closure head 25 with a closure head shaft 26 on the one hand and a closure carrier on which the closure head shaft is axially fixed, as well as a closure body which is axially displaceable to a limited extent on the closure carrier and on the closure head shaft, creates an exceptionally reliable system which has very high operational reliability and ease of maintenance and, through the clever arrangement of the mechanical elements, in particular the externally actuated locking lever, enables error-free function and error-free, simple operation. Reference symbol list

[0185] 1 Locking system 2 Lock receptacle 3 Lock 4 Barrel extension 5 Front opening 6 Rear opening 7 Barrel receptacle thread 8 Smooth area 9 Stop 10 Locking area 11 Cylinder segment 12 Jacket wall 14 Grooves 15 End wall 16 Thread 17 Threaded comb 18 Front flank 19 Rear flank 20 Smooth area 21 Smooth area 22 Axial stop surface 25 Lock head 26 Lock head shaft 27 Through hole 29 Through hole 30 Firing pin tip 31 Firing pin 32 Firing pin spring 33 Lock body 34 Central bore 35 Control recess 36 Control pin 37 Front end 38 Axial area 39 Slanted area 40 Axial stop collar 41 Front edge 42 Rear edge 43 44 Threaded segment 45 Grooves 46 Threaded combs 47 Front flank 48 Rear flank 49 Axial groove 50 Smooth area 51 Butt plate 52 Front edge 53 Locking groove 54 Locking groove 55 Ring segment 59 Ring segment 60 Locking carrier 61 Locking carrier plate 62 Locking carrier longitudinal support arm 63 Locking carrier longitudinal support arm 64 Extractor arm 65 Extractor arm 66 Front wall 67 Rear wall 68 Narrow side edge 69 Lower edge 70 Upper edge 71 Bearing opening 72 Circular opening area 73 Wall section 74 End area of ​​front wall of 61 ???? 75 circumferential groove 76 step 77 roof surface 78 control surface 79 control projection 80 rectangular groove 81 sloping wall section 82 end area of ​​26 83 groove at end area 74 84 outer wall steps 85 inner wall 86 upper wall 87 lower wall 88 groove 89 flat front surface 90 rounded area 92 upper wall outer wall of 62 / 63 93 ring segment-shaped outer wall 94 ring segment-shaped inner wall 95 front end face / end wall 96 lower wall 97 T-groove end face 98 rear grips 99 extractor claw 100 back wall 101 bulge 102 T-shaped recess 103 groove bottom 104 flat heart-shaped bores 105 outer wall 110 Vertical component area 111 Transverse component area 112 Rear end wall 113 Longitudinal side wall 114 Front end wall 115 Lower wall 116 Top wall 117 Side walls 118 Bottom wall 119 Opening 120 Spring section 121 Step 124 Sloping upward step 125 Upper top surface 126 Rectangular transverse groove 127 Through hole 129 Spring mounting holes 130 Pressure pin 131 Blind holes 132 Step 133 Shank 134 Slot 135 End 136 End 137 Side groove 138 Groove bottom 139 Vertical hole 140 Shallow rectangular groove 141 Locking lever 142 Latch extension 143 Actuating lever 145 Grooves 146 Actuating element 147 Connecting plate 148 Plate 149 Short area 150 Lower edge 151 Inner wall 152 Connecting projection 153 Actuating rail 154 Recess

Claims

1. Breech mechanism for a firearm, having a breech receptacle (2) and a breech (3), wherein the breech receptacle (2) is formed in a hollow cylindrical manner with at least one first radially inwardly projecting engagement means (16) and at least one groove (14), wherein the groove (14) is formed in an axial manner and arranged adjacent to the first engagement means (16), and a bolt head (25) that is formed with at least one second projecting engagement means (44) and an adjacent axial groove (45), wherein the first engagement means (16) of the breech receptacle (2) and the second engagement means (44) of the bolt head (25) are formed so as to be correspondingly engageable with one another, wherein the corresponding engagement means (16, 44) are formed as threads (16, 44) with or without a pitch, wherein the respective threads (16, 44) each have at least one thread gauge (17, 46) characterised in that at least the rear flank (19) of the at least one thread gauge (17) of the bolt head (25) is inclined against the firing direction and the corresponding rear flank (48) of the at least one thread gauge (46) of the breech receptacle (2) is inclined in the firing direction.

2. Breech mechanism according to claim 1, characterised in that the thread gauges (17, 46) are formed as pointed or trapezoidal thread gauges with inclined front flanks (18, 47) and inclined rear flanks (19, 48).

3. Breech mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the front flanks (18, 47) and the rear flanks (19, 48) have an inclination formed in the same or a different way.

4. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the threads (16, 44) have a pitch, the thread pitch of the thread gauges (17, 46) being the same.

5. Breech mechanism according to claim 1, characterised in that the bolt head (25) is rotatably mounted on a breech carrier (60) and, in addition, a breech body (33) is provided which is displaceable on a bolt head shaft (26) of the bolt head (25) and at least one compression spring is provided between the breech body (33) and the breech carrier (60), which compression spring is designed to move the breech body (33) in the direction towards the bolt head (25), wherein means (35, 36) are provided on the bolt head shaft (26) and on the breech body (33) which, when the breech body (33) is displaced on the bolt head shaft (26), bring about a rotation of the bolt head (25).

6. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breech receptacle (2) has one, two, three or more cylinder segments (11) each having a thread (16) with thread gauges (17), grooves (14) being arranged between the cylinder segments (11), the grooves being arranged in the shell wall (12) of the breech receptacle (2) from radially inward to radially outward and extending into the shell wall (12) at least as far as the bases of the thread gauges (17) or completely penetrating the cylindrical shell wall (12).

7. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one, two, three or more thread segments (44) with thread gauges (46) are formed on the bolt head (25), wherein grooves (45) are provided adjacent to the thread segments (44), which reach at least the depth of the bases of the thread gauges (46), so that the grooves (45) interrupt the thread helix of the thread gauges.

8. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radial width of the grooves (45) corresponds to the radial width of the thread segments (44), and the radial width of the grooves (45) of the bolt head corresponds to the radial width of the cylinder segments (11).

9. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breech (3) has the bolt head (25), a bolt head shaft (26) adjoining it and extending axially against the firing direction, and a breech body (33) arranged around the bolt head shaft (26), the breech body (33) having means which axially support it in a sliding manner in a firearm such that it is prevented from rotating and, in addition, a control link consisting of a control recess (35) and a control pin (36) is formed between the breech body (33) and the bolt head shaft (26), which control link supports the bolt head shaft (26) in a limitedly rotatable manner in the breech body (33).

10. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bolt head (25) has at least one thread gauge (46), which is formed so as to extend from a thread segment (44) into one of the grooves (45) and spans the groove (45), and at its axial free end (52) forms a stop surface (52) for a corresponding stop surface (22) of a cylinder segment (11), so that when the thread gauges (46) completely engage in the thread gauges (17), further screwing of the thread gauges (46) into the thread gauges (17) and thus of the thread segments (44) into the threads (16) or the cylinder segments (11) is blocked.

11. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breech receptacle (2) is formed in a barrel extension (4), wherein the barrel extension (4) is formed to receive the barrel of a firearm, wherein the barrel extension (4) has a locking area in addition to the breech locking area (10) for holding the breech (3) or the bolt head (25) of the breech (3), wherein at least one ring-segment-like projection (55) is formed in the locking area, which projection is formed for interaction with a corresponding groove in a sleeve or the chassis of a firearm, and the cylindrical shell wall (12) of the breech receptacle (2) or the barrel extension (4) of the sleeve of a firearm is formed.

12. Breech mechanism according to claim 5, characterised in that the bolt head shaft (26) on the one hand and the breech body (33) on the other hand are mounted on the breech carrier (60), the bolt head shaft (26) being mounted on the breech carrier (60) so as to be rotatable but axially fixed, while the breech body (33) is fixed on the breech body (33) so as to be axially displaceable but non-rotatable, the breech carrier (60) having a breech carrier plate (61) and, proceeding therefrom in the same direction, two breech carrier longitudinal carrier arms (62, 63) as well as extracting arms (64, 65) proceeding therefrom in each case, the breech carrier plate (61) being a flat plate-like component which, in relation to the longitudinal extension of the bolt head shaft (26) or in the firing direction is standing upright and has a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the breech carrier is provided with a bearing opening (71) for a bolt head shaft between narrow side edges (68) of a lower edge (69) of the breech carrier plate (61), so that the bolt head shaft (26) is arranged rotatably but axially fixed on the breech carrier plate via a tongue and groove engagement.

13. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in the inserted state of the breech body (33), a gap remains between the walls of the breech carrier longitudinal arms (62, 63) on the one hand and the lower wall (115) of the transversely running component area (110) of the breech body (33), the bottom wall (118) in each case widening outwards beyond the side wall (117) by means of a spring section (120), and breech carrier longitudinal arm (62) grooves (80) being provided in the breech carrier plate (61), the projection of the spring elements (120) beyond the side walls (117) corresponding to the depth of the grooves (80), so that the elements (120) for holding in the groove (80) are formed in a corresponding manner and the spring projections (120) on the one hand and the grooves (80) on the other hand form a groove-spring system, with which the breech body (33) is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable in a sliding manner in the breech carrier (60), a locking lever (141) being mounted in an upper top surface (125) of the breech carrier, the locking lever (141) tilting about an axis of rotation into a slot (134), arranged in such a way that a pawl extension (142), which is formed on one end of the locking lever, reaches into the region of a bore (34) for mounting of the bolt head shaft (26) or can be pivoted in and out of this area of the bore (34), the locking lever (141) having an actuating lever (143) which is loaded by a spring under spring pressure in such a way that the pawl extension (142) is pivoted through the mouth (134) into the bore (34) under spring pressure.

14. Breech mechanism according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a first and a second locking groove (53, 54) are arranged in the bolt head shaft (26), wherein the first and second locking grooves (53, 54) are axial slots arranged in the surface of the bolt head shaft (26), wherein the first and second locking grooves are formed to be able to correspond to the pawl (152) of the locking pawl of the locking lever (141), wherein the first and second locking grooves (53, 54) are formed to be axially offset to each other, and formed to be radially offset to each other, wherein the second groove (54) is further away from the bolt head (25) than the first groove (53), but is arranged in front of the first groove (53) in the locking rotational direction, wherein the axial distance between the grooves (53, 54) corresponds to the screwing depth of the locking threads into one another, while the radial distance corresponds to the arc length that the breech covers in the screwing-in movement until the end of the screwing-in movement.

15. Breech mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rotation of the bolt head (25) can be brought about by a forward movement of the breech body (33), wherein the breech body slides onto the bolt head shaft (26) and the control pin (36), which rests in a control pin bore (127), slides along the control surface and forces the bolt head to rotate to the right, wherein the control pin (36), in an initial position, rests in an axial formation (40) of the control surface (35), and, in the case of a forward movement, the rotation of the bolt head, wherein the inclined surface (39) of the control surface (35) is formed such that the angular offset between the axial end areas of the control surface (35), namely the areas (40, 38), corresponds to the angular offset which is covered by the bolt head (25) when screwed in completely.