METHOD FOR PRODUCE AN EXTRACT CONTAINING GALLIC ACID, AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE CONTAINING GALLIC ACID, AND USE OF THE AQUEOUS CONCENTRATE IN FOODS AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid, particularly in high concentrations. The invention further relates to an aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid. It also relates to the use of the concentrate according to the invention in foods and food supplements.

[0002] Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is the acid component of gallotannins, which are hydrolyzable tannins. They are found, for example, in oak bark and gallnuts. Gallic acid is used in the production of antioxidants, sunscreens, and dyes. Furthermore, it has been postulated that, due to its hypoglycemic properties, gallic acid may help prevent adverse health effects in obese individuals who consume gallic acid-rich foods. Gallic acid consumption is said to be associated with demonstrable DNA protection, reduced oxidation of DNA bases, and reduced inflammatory markers (see T. Setayesh et al., "Gallic acid, a common dietary phenolic protects against high-fat diet-induced DNA damage," in European Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 58, pp. 2315–26, 2019).

[0003] According to EP 1 942 919 B1, a composition containing a polyphenol extract from grapes, which may contain 400 to 1500 ppm gallic acid, is said to be suitable for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or prehypertension.

[0004] According to EP 2 095 718 B1, a tea beverage derived from a tea extract in which the weight ratio of gallic acid to non-polymeric catechins must not exceed 0.3 should be characterized by reduced bitterness and a reduced sour taste.

[0005] EP 2 143 344 B1 describes a beverage composition containing 0.5 to 25.0 wt% non-polymeric catechins, a carbohydrate, and a hydroxycarboxylic acid. In these compositions, the gallic acid content must be less than 0.6 wt%.

[0006] B. Kar et al. (Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (1999) 23, 173-177, "Microbial production of gallic acid by modified solid state fermentation") describe the bioconversion of tannin to gallic acid from teri pod powder by the fungus Rhizopus riceIn a bioreactor with a perforated float for solid substrates and induced inoculation, a Czapek-Dox medium containing 2% tannic acid as the sole carbon source was used to prepare the inoculum. Gallic acid was obtained from the fermented biomass by extraction with diethyl ether. JP 4630295 B2 discloses a method for producing a tea extract in which, as a first step, the raw tea material is extracted in water in the presence of tannase. Ethanol is then added to deactivate the tannase. I.M. Martins et al. (Journal of Functional Foods 29 (2017) 69-76, "Tannase enhances the antiinflammatory effect of grape pomace in Caco-2 cells treated with IL-1β") describe the use of methanol to deactivate tannase.

[0007] Gallic acid is currently often obtained using aqueous extraction methods. However, these methods regularly result in low yields of gallic acid and are material-, equipment-, and cost-intensive.

[0008] The present invention was therefore based on the objective of making available a process for obtaining gallic acid which is not burdened with the disadvantages of the prior art and which in particular makes gallic acid reliably available in good yields in an efficient manner.

[0009] Accordingly, a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid was found (also called the first embodiment of the process according to the invention), comprising the steps a) Providing, in particular, crushed and / or, in particular, dried plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid; b) Providing the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20); c) Providing ethanol; d) Optionally, crushing or further crushing the plants or plant parts according to step a); e) Extractive treatment of the plants or plant parts obtained according to step a) and / or d), in particular, crushed plants or plant parts, with water in the presence of the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20) at temperatures in the range of 35 to 40 °C to obtain a product mixture containing gallic acid; f) Separating the plants or plant parts, in particular crushed plants or plant parts, from the product mixture obtained according to step e), in particular following step e); and g) Evaporative concentration of the product mixture obtained according to step f).containing gallic acid following step f) and prior to step h) and h) treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) with ethanol and treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) or g) with heat at temperatures in the range of 40 to 75 °C, wherein step h) causes the enzyme tannase to be deactivated, as well as denaturing and precipitating proteins and / or polysaccharides, and i) filtering the treated product mixture according to step h) and j) removing the ethanol added in step h) from the treated product mixture according to step h) or the filtered product mixture according to step i), k) evaporatively concentrating the aqueous extract obtained after step j), containing gallic acid, to obtain an aqueous concentrate, wherein in step h) ethanol is added in an amount in the range of 40 to 60 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the ethanol and the water or aqueous system, where the,in particular ground, preferably crushed, plants or plant components are immobilized in step e) and wherein the extractive treatment according to step e) comprises a percolation process.

[0010] The plants or plant parts used, especially when crushed and / or dried, can include leaves, wood, bark, fruits, seeds and / or roots, preferably the fruits of legumes, e.g. beans and peas; nuts, e.g. walnuts ( Royal walnut ); Grain; Trees, e.g. oaks (Oak), preferably the fruit cups and / or fruits ( Walloon ), especially preferred by oak species growing in Asia Minor and / or the southern Balkans, and / or gallnuts ( Galla ), especially from Oak tree , Oak tree or Oak tree, Spruce trees ( Spruce ) , the carob tree (also called the goat's horn tree) ( Carob pods ) , the Divi-Divi tree ( Caesalpinia coriaria), the persimmon tree ( Persimmon ), serviceberry ( Rowan ), acacias ( Acacias ), e.g. Gerber acacia (also called catechu acacia) ( Senegal catechu ), pasture ( Willow ), myrobalan tree, mangrove tree ( Rhizophora ), Mango tree (Mangifera indica), especially bark, fruit pulp and / or kernel of the mango tree, hemlock firs (also called hemlock fir) ( Hemlock ), the Urunday tree ( Astronium balansae ), birches ( Birch), Elaeocarpus, especially its bark, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), chestnuts ( Chestnut ), especially the fruits and leaves of the chestnut, the betel nut palm ( Areca catechu), the cashew tree ( Western cashew ) and / or quebracho ( Aspidosperma quebracho blanco); Mimosas ( Mimosa ); sumac family ( Rhubarb ), preferably sumac ( Rhus coriaria ), especially its fruits; hops ( Hops ); Fruit, e.g. apples ( Evil ), pears (Pyrus), strawberries ( Strawberries ), raspberries ( Rubus idaeus ) , blackberries ( Rubus sect.Rubus), cranberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ), bananas (Musa), grapes ( Wine grapevine ), peaches ( Peach tree ), quince ( Cydonia oblonga ) and / or plums ( Prunus domestica ) ; coffee beans (e.g. Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora ); Tea plants ( Camellia sinensis ) such as green tea (e.g. Japanese, Chinese and / or Indian teas), especially the leaves of Sencha green tea, black tea, especially the leaves of Darjeeling, white tea, especially the leaves of China Oolong white tea, and / or rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ); cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), preferably their buds and / or leaves, of common yarrow ( Yarrow ); the grape black candle ( Actaea racemosa ); the bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ); Tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus ) , Bloodroot ( Potentilla erecta); and / or peat. Furthermore, the following plants or plant parts, especially crushed and / or dried ones, can be used: Chebulic myrobalans, mango tree (Mangifera indica), especially the bark, pulp and pit, Elaecoarpus ganitrus (especially the bark), long-capsule jute (Corchorus olitorius), panicle amaranth (Amaranthus eruentus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), red chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla.), Greek mountain tea (Sideritis raseri), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), especially the bark, Aleppo oak, dyer's oak (Quercus infectoria), currants (Vitis vinifera apyrena), chicory coffee (Cichorium intybus), carob powder (Ceratonia siliqua), green oats (Avena sativa). L.), Elm bark (Ulmus), aronia berry pomace (Aronia melanocarpa), linden bark (Tilia), elderberry bark (Sambucus nigra), lapacha bark (Tabebuia impetiginosa), chicory (Cichorium intybus), amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Chinese blackberry (Rubus suavissimus), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), sage (Salvia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), and date palm (Phoenix). From common yarrow (. Yarrow ), the grape black candle ( Actaea racemosa ), the Bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ), Tarragon ( Artemisia dra cunculus) and tormentil ( Potentilla erecta ) the entire plant is preferably used for extraction. In the case of the betel nut palm ( Areca catechu ) and the cashew tree ( Western cashew ) their seeds are preferably used for extraction.

[0011] According to the first embodiment, the method according to the invention further comprises (step f)) separating the, in particular crushed, plants or plant components from the product mixture obtained according to step e), in particular following step e), preferably with the aid of a sieve.

[0012] In addition, the inventive process according to the first embodiment also comprises (step g)) the evaporative concentration of the product mixture obtained according to step f), containing gallic acid, following step f) and before step h).

[0013] The inventive process, according to the first embodiment, further comprises (step h)) treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) with ethanol and treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) or g) with heat. Treatment with ethanol and treatment with heat regularly deactivates the enzyme tannase. This is also achieved by treating the product mixture with ethanol in step h) at temperatures in the range of 40 to 75 °C or 48 to 75 °C, and preferably 50 to 70 °C. To further optimize process step h), it is provided that ethanol is additionally added in this step in an amount in the range of 40 to 60 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the ethanol and the water or aqueous system.Step h) regularly succeeds in both deactivating the enzyme and denaturing and precipitating phytoproteins and / or polysaccharides.

[0014] In a practical implementation, steps f) and g) are performed consecutively. Step e) is followed by steps f), g), and h), with the sequence f) / g) / h) being preferred.

[0015] The treated product mixture according to step h) is filtered according to the first embodiment of the process according to the invention, for example with a filter having a mesh size in the range of 0.10 to 1.0 µm. In this way, a clear extract is generally obtained.

[0016] The ethanol added in step h) is subsequently removed from the treated product mixture according to step h) or the filtered product mixture according to step i) (step j).

[0017] The extraction treatment according to step e) is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of 36 to 38 °C.

[0018] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by a process for producing an extract containing gallic acid (also called a second embodiment of the process according to the invention), comprising the steps 1) Provision of, in particular crushed and / or, in particular, dried, plants or plant parts containing tannins, in particular tannic acid, 2) Provision of the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20), 3) Provision of ethanol, 4) If necessary, crushing or...further comminution of the plants or plant parts according to step 1), 5) extraction treatment of the, in particular dried and / or comminuted, plants or plant parts according to step 1) and / or 4), in particular, at temperatures in the range of 50 to 70 °C with a mixture containing ethanol and water to obtain a product mixture containing polyphenols, 6) separation of the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant parts from the product mixture according to step 5) to obtain a liquid extract containing the polyphenols, in particular by means of a sieve, 7) removal of the ethanol from the liquid extract according to step 6) to obtain an aqueous extract containing the polyphenols, 8) treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 7) with the enzyme tannase (IUB 3.1.1.20) at temperatures in the range of 35 to 40 °C to obtain an aqueous system containing gallic acid, 9) evaporative concentration of the aqueous system containing gallic acid according to step 8) to obtain an aqueous concentrate, wherein in step 5) ethanol is added in an amount in the range of 60 to 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of ethanol and water, wherein the, in particular ground, preferably comminuted, plants or plant components are immobilized in step 5) and wherein the extractive treatment according to step 5) comprises a percolation process.

[0019] The problem underlying the invention is particularly well solved with the method according to the second embodiment by carrying out the extraction treatment according to step 5) at temperatures in the range of 55 to 65 °C.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the second embodiment of the inventive method is also characterized by the fact that in step 5) ethanol is added in an amount in the range of 70 to 85 percent by weight, based on the total weight of ethanol and water.

[0021] In the second embodiment of the process according to the invention, the treatment of the aqueous extract according to step 8) with the enzyme tannase is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of 36 to 38 °C.

[0022] Surprisingly, it has been shown that a particularly efficient process can also be achieved by processing the plants or plant components, especially ground or preferably crushed, in step e) according to the first embodiment variant or step e).

[0023] 5) according to the second design variant, in particular immobilized in a portafilter.

[0024] The extractive treatment according to step e) in the first execution variant or step 5) in the second execution variant includes or constitutes a percolation process.

[0025] Particularly high yields or concentrations of gallic acid can also be achieved with the processes according to the invention by adjusting the amount of tannase in step e) according to the first embodiment or step 8) according to the second embodiment in the range of 0.1 U / g to 100.0 U / g, preferably in the range of 0.2 U / g to 50.0 U / g, based on the amount of plants or plant components.

[0026] The aqueous extract containing gallic acid obtained according to step i) or j) of the first embodiment, or the aqueous system containing gallic acid according to step 8) of the second embodiment, is evaporatively concentrated to obtain an aqueous concentrate. This is preferably a so-called spun extract. This aqueous concentrate or spun extract has a Brix value in the range of 1° to 100° Brix, preferably in the range of 10° to 70° Brix, and particularly preferably in the range of 20° to 50° Brix. Most preferably, concentrates with Brix values ​​in the range of 20° to 40° Brix, and especially in the range of 25° to 35° Brix, are targeted or obtained during the concentration step. The determination of degrees Brix is ​​familiar to those skilled in the art.A liquid has a Brix value of 1° if it has the same density as a solution of 1 g of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose / water, and a Brix value of 10° if its density is that of a solution of 10 g of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose / water. Thus, the measurement in degrees Brix means that the density of the measured liquid corresponds to the density of a solution of sucrose in water containing the number of grams of sucrose per 100 g of solution specified by the degree value.

[0027] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by an aqueous concentrate according to claim 10 containing gallic acid, obtained according to the first embodiment, wherein the amount of dry matter used for this aqueous concentrate is in the range of 5 to 80 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 50 percent by weight, and particularly preferably in the range of 15 to 40 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate. These aqueous concentrates are particularly suitable for the production of foods and food supplements, especially those in the form of beverages.

[0028] Dry mass within the meaning of the invention shall be understood to be that dry mass which is obtained by removing all aqueous and non-aqueous solvents from the extracts accessible according to the methods of the invention.

[0029] The aqueous concentrates according to claim 10 are obtained according to the inventive method according to the first embodiment or according to the inventive method according to the second embodiment, wherein those aqueous concentrates which are accessible according to the inventive method according to the first embodiment are particularly preferred.

[0030] The aqueous concentrates according to the invention as claimed in claim 10, in particular those obtained according to the first embodiment, have a pH value in the range of 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range of 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0, or are adjusted to a pH value in the range of 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range of 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range of 2.0 to 4.0.

[0031] In the aqueous concentrates according to the invention as claimed in claim 10, in particular obtained according to the first embodiment, the amount of gallic acid is at least 10 g / kg dry mass, preferably at least 50 g / kg dry mass and particularly preferably at least 75 g / kg dry mass, and / or in which gallic acid is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 250 g / kg dry mass, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 g / kg dry mass and particularly preferably in the range of 75 to 175 g / kg dry mass, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate.

[0032] Aqueous concentrates according to the invention as claimed in claim 10, in particular those obtained according to the first embodiment, have a relative density [20 / 20] in the range of 1.001 to 1.4000, preferably in the range of 1.010 to 1.2500. The relative density [20 / 20] is the quotient of the density of the sample under investigation (measured at 20°C) and the density of water at 20°C. The measurement is carried out in particular using a flexural vibratory tester according to § 35 LMBG 36.0 3a (German Food and Consumer Goods Act in the version applicable on the filing date) (determination of the relative density d 20 / 20 of wort and beer (flexural vibratory tester method). Particularly suitable aqueous concentrates are characterized by a total phenol content in the range of 5 to 350 g GAE / kg, preferably in the range of 50 to 300 g GAE / kg, and particularly preferably in the range of 75 to 250 g GAE / kg, and especially in the range of 125 to 200 g GAE / kg, in each case based on the dry mass of the extract.

[0033] The total phenol content can be determined according to the method in accordance with DIN ISO 14502-1:2007-11 (Determination of characteristic substances of green and black tea - Part 1: Total polyphenol content in tea - Colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent).

[0034] The present invention is accompanied by the surprising finding that, when using the extraction methods according to the first embodiment as well as according to the second embodiment, but especially according to the first embodiment, gallic acid can be obtained effectively and cost-efficiently in high yields from a wide variety of plant materials or components thereof, thereby making aqueous concentrates with a very high gallic acid concentration accessible. It was surprisingly found that the aqueous concentrates according to the invention possess a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity in the range of 500 to 6000 µmol / g, preferably in the range of 1000 to 5000 µmol / g and particularly preferably in the range of 2000 to 4000 µmol / g, in each case based on the dry mass of the extract.The Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity can conveniently be determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. This method is familiar to those skilled in the art and is described, for example, by O. Sharma and TN Bhat in "DPPH antioxidant assay revisited", Food Chemistry 113(4):1202-1205, April 2009, and by A. Karioti et al. in "Composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica (Dun) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) leaves, stem bark, root bark, and fresh and dried fruits, growing in Ghana", J. Agric. Food Chem. 29;52(26):8094-8, December 2004. For example, in this method, 10 mg of the stable radical DPPH can be dissolved in 100 ml of methanol and, after mixing with the respective sample extract or the standard (Trolox), incubated for 30 min at room temperature, and then the absorbance determined photometrically at 517 nm.The antioxidant potential of the samples can then be determined from a linear relationship between absorption and standard concentrations. The results can be calculated as trolox equivalents or as micromoles of trolox / g of sample and related to the dry mass. Using the described method, an extinction difference is determined, from which the antioxidant capacity of the investigated substance can be determined by comparison with the reduction in extinction caused by trolox at different concentrations.

[0035] The aqueous concentrates according to the invention can be used directly for the production of food, in particular beverages, and food supplements.

[0036] The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description and in the claims can be essential for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the steps a) providing, in particular dried and / or, in particular and, comminuted, plants or plant constituents containing tannins, in particular tannic acid, b) providing the enzyme tannase, c) providing ethanol, d) optionally comminuting or further comminuting the plants or plant constituents according to step a), e) performing an extraction treatment on the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant constituents obtained according to step a) and / or d) by way of water in the presence of the enzyme tannase at temperatures in the range from 35 to 40°C to obtain a product mixture containing gallic acid, f) separating the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant constituents from the product mixture obtained according to step e), in particular after step e), and g) evaporative concentration of the product mixture containing gallic acid obtained according to step f) after step f) and before step h), and h) treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) with ethanol, and treating the product mixture according to step e) or f) or g) with heat at temperatures in the range from 40 to 75°C, wherein step h) has the effect of deactivating the enzyme tannase and also of denaturing and precipitating proteins and / or polysaccharides, and i) filtering the treated product mixture according to step h), and j) removing the ethanol added in step h) from the treated product mixture according to step h) or the filtered product mixture according to step i), k) evaporative concentration of the aqueous extract containing gallic acid obtained after step j) to obtain an aqueous concentrate, wherein ethanol is added in step h) in an amount in the range from 40 to 60 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the ethanol and the water or the aqueous system, wherein the, in particular ground, preferably comminuted, plants or plant constituents are present in immobilized form in step e), and wherein the extraction treatment according to step e) comprises a percolation process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction treatment according to step e) is carried out at temperatures in the range from 36 to 38°C.

3. A method for preparing an extract containing gallic acid, comprising the steps 1) providing, in particular comminuted and / or, in particular and, dried, plants or plant constituents containing tannins, in particular tannic acid, 2) providing the enzyme tannase, 3) providing ethanol, 4) optionally comminuting or further comminuting the plants or plant constituents according to step 1), 5) performing an extraction treatment on the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant constituents according to step 1) and / or 4) at temperatures in the range from 50 to 70°C with a mixture containing ethanol and water to obtain a product mixture containing polyphenols, 6) separating the, in particular comminuted, plants or plant constituents from the product mixture according to step 5) to obtain a liquid extract containing the polyphenols, 7) removing the ethanol from the liquid extract according to step 6) to obtain an aqueous extract containing the polyphenols, 8) treating the aqueous extract according to step 7) with the enzyme tannase at temperatures in the range from 35 to 40°C to obtain an aqueous system containing gallic acid, 9) evaporative concentration of the aqueous system containing gallic acid according to step 8) to obtain an aqueous concentrate, wherein ethanol is added in step 5) in an amount in the range from 60 to 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of ethanol and the water, wherein the, in particular ground, preferably comminuted, plants or plant constituents are present in immobilized form in step 5), and wherein the extraction treatment according to step 5) comprises a percolation process.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, in particular ground, preferably comminuted, plants or plant constituents are immobilized in step e) or step 5) in a sieve support.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of tannase in step e) or step 8) is in the range from 0.1 U / g to 100.0 U / g, preferably in the range from 0.2 U / g to 50.0 U / g, based on the amount of plants or plant constituents.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aqueous concentrate obtained by evaporative concentration of the aqueous extract containing gallic acid obtained after step k) or the aqueous system containing gallic acid according to step 9) is a spissum extract.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the aqueous concentrate has a Brix value in the range from 1° to 100° Brix, preferably in the range from 10° to 70° Brix and particularly preferably in the range from 20° to 50° Brix.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the extraction treatment according to step 5) is carried out at temperatures in the range from 55 to 65°C.

9. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that ethanol is added in step 5) in an amount in the range from 70 to 85 percent by weight, based on the total weight of ethanol and the water.

10. An aqueous concentrate containing gallic acid, obtained or obtainable according to a method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a dry weight in the range from 5 to 80 percent by weight, preferably in the range from 10 to 50 percent by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 15 to 40 percent by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous concentrate, by a pH value in the range from 1.5 to 5.5, preferably in the range from 1.75 to 4.5 and particularly preferably in the range from 2.0 to 4.0, by an amount of gallic acid of at least 10 g / kg dry weight, preferably at least 50 g / kg dry weight and particularly preferably at least 75 g / kg dry weight, and / or an amount of gallic acid in the range from 10 to 250 g / kg dry weight, preferably in the range from 50 to 200 g / kg dry weight and particularly preferably in the range from 75 to 175 g / kg dry weight, and by a relative density [20 / 20] in the range from 1.001 to 1.400, preferably in the range from 1.0100 to 1.2500, determined by way of oscillating u-shape method according to the method mentioned in the description, wherein the aqueous concentrate has a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity in the range from 500 to 6000 µmol / g, based on the dry weight of the extract, determined with the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay according to the determination method mentioned in the description.

11. Use of the aqueous concentrate according to claim 10 in a food, in particular drink, or food supplement.