ARRANGEMENT WITH ROUND BRUSH

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement having the features of the introductory part of claim 1.

[0002] US 7,762,762 B2 discloses a rotary brush that is rotated by a motor driven by flowing water. The water exits through openings provided in the wall of a chamber housing the rotor and is supplied to the rotary brush from the outside. US 7,762,762 B2 also discloses an embodiment of a device with a rotating nozzle head designed in the manner of a fountain. The nozzle head is rotated and supplied with water through its high shaft.

[0003] US Patent 6,702,038 B1 discloses a hydraulic motor for driving rotating tools. Among the tools mentioned are rotary brushes. The water driving the motor exits laterally through openings in the motor housing and is supplied to the rotary brush. It is proposed to provide a sleeve to improve the water supply to the rotary brush.

[0004] Also known is a device driven by a hydraulic motor (turbine) with a circular brush, marketed under the name "Renovator." The circular brush can be used for grooming animals, washing cars, and similar purposes. This handheld circular brush is set in motion by a water-driven turbine. Water emerges from the brush-side end of the turbine housing in the form of circular jets.

[0005] US 2011 / 014986 A1 discloses a device with multiple circular brushes and a rotary drive for the circular brushes. The circular brushes are arranged on a carrier. Two handles, serving as grips, are provided on the carrier. The handles are positioned at a distance from the circular brushes on the narrow sides of the housing-like carrier and are not used when the circular brushes are in use.

[0006] AT 504 510 A4 relates to a cleaning and massage device with a disc brush to which an electric drive is attached. A round brush for cleaning feet is also provided. A bracket for the disc brush or the round brush is not provided on the cleaning and massage device.

[0007] From DE 203 12 320 U1, a water pressure-driven foot cleaning device with a rotary-driven round brush is known. The round brush projects freely from the wall to which it is attached, without any additional components.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of further developing an arrangement of the aforementioned type in such a way that it can be advantageously used for washing feet.

[0009] According to the invention, this problem is solved by an arrangement having the features of claim 1.

[0010] The arrangement according to the invention can be used without the help of third parties if the person whose feet are to be washed is, for example, physically disabled.

[0011] Since, in the arrangement according to the invention, the round brush is mounted on a support with a rotary drive, it can be positioned, attached, or installed at any desired location. The bracket provided in the arrangement according to the invention, which is mounted on the support, allows the feet to be placed on the bracket during washing, particularly when the soles of the feet are to be washed. This prevents excessive stress on the round brush itself. This is especially advantageous when the bracket is positioned above the axis of rotation of the round brush.

[0012] Nevertheless, in the arrangement according to the invention, the round brush is easily accessible, so that the toes and the top of the foot (the instep) and also the heel area can be washed without difficulty, since the round brush is accessible from the side, from below and from the front below the frame.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bracket is essentially a U-shaped bracket, which has the advantage that the bracket can be adapted to the shape of the round brush.

[0014] In a practical embodiment, the bracket is attached to the support of the arrangement via its legs, thus providing sufficient stability.

[0015] The bridge of the frame is curved, in particular essentially curved in a circular arc, so that the shape of the frame can be well adapted to the shape of the round brush.

[0016] According to the invention, the shaft, and thus the axis of rotation, of the round brush is essentially horizontally aligned, and the bracket is also essentially horizontal when the arrangement is in its operating position.

[0017] Cleaning the underside of a foot (sole) is easy because, in the arrangement according to the invention, the upper part of the round brush extends through the bracket and protrudes upwards over the bracket.

[0018] If, according to a proposal of the invention, the free end of the round brush opposite the rotary drive projects beyond the, for example, curved, bridge of the bracket, the free end of the round brush is easily accessible and allows the washing of feet in the area of ​​the toes and in the area of ​​the instep.

[0019] The invention provides that the bracket has a width that is essentially the same as the diameter of the round brush.

[0020] In a practical embodiment, the carrier is designed as a housing, so that it is possible to accommodate fittings (shut-off and control devices) and pipes inside the housing.

[0021] When the arrangement according to the invention is to be set up, the support has a foot part.

[0022] The inventive arrangement can also be installed in a shower or similar structure. The embodiment with the base allows not only for freestanding placement of the inventive arrangement, but also for concealed installation of the inventive arrangement before tiling.

[0023] For example, the base has holes through which screws can be inserted to secure the unit to a surface such as concrete, tiles, or wood. If the unit is to be set up outdoors, screw pegs can be used for securing it.

[0024] In order to make the underside of the round brush easily accessible when cleaning the top (the instep) of feet, one embodiment of the invention provides that there is a space between the foot part and the round brush.

[0025] In order to supply the arrangement according to the invention with water, for example from a water pipe, it can be provided that a connection for flowing water is provided on the housing and that a line is provided which leads from the connection to the motor, which is for example a turbine, of the rotary drive.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, the housing is provided with a container containing at least one compartment for liquid soap and / or disinfectant. This allows for more effective foot washing and / or disinfection of the feet, for example, after washing.

[0027] In this embodiment, it proves advantageous if the container is designed to be detachably attached to the housing.

[0028] To allow liquid soap and / or disinfectant to dispense through the handle, one embodiment of the invention provides that the handle is hollow and has dispensing openings for liquid soap and / or disinfectant. In a preferred embodiment, these dispensing openings are located on the lower side of the handle when the arrangement is in its operating position.

[0029] According to one proposal of the invention, it can be provided that the outlet openings are designed as nozzles or are equipped with nozzles.

[0030] Attaching the container is particularly easy if at least one connection for a container is provided on the housing, especially on its upper wall in the operating position, so that the medium contained in the container can be easily supplied. It is advantageous if, according to one aspect of the invention, at least one line is provided that leads from the connection on the housing to the end of at least one of the legs of the bracket attached to the housing.

[0031] To improve the supply of cleaning agent (liquid soap) and / or disinfectant, the container can be equipped with a pump that can be operated by a push button, for example designed as a deformable bellows.

[0032] To simplify the refilling of cleaning and / or disinfecting agents, one embodiment provides that the container has a filling opening, preferably closable.

[0033] To improve the stability of the arrangement according to the invention, the support, in particular the housing of the arrangement, can be connected to a plate which is arranged on the side of the support opposite the round brush.

[0034] In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the support and / or the base part of the arrangement according to the invention is / are made of plastic-coated metal parts (metal plates).

[0035] If, according to one proposal of the invention, the motor of the rotary drive is a turbine driven by flowing water, the effect of a slip clutch is achieved, which prevents damage to the motor if the round brush is unintentionally stopped, i.e., comes to a standstill.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, water exits through an opening at the end of the motor housing on the side facing the round brush, through which the shaft of the round brush also passes. This allows the water to effectively reach the radially inner area of ​​the round brush and distribute itself well.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, it is advantageous that water exits the opening of the motor housing, through which the shaft of the round brush protrudes, with a flow that is essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (axis of the shaft of the round brush).

[0038] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, it is advantageous that water from the opening of the motor housing, through which the shaft of the round brush protrudes, exits in the area of ​​the shaft of the round brush.

[0039] For example, water escapes from the motor housing through an annular gap provided between the shaft of the round brush and the opening in the motor housing through which the shaft of the round brush protrudes, in the direction of the round brush.

[0040] To make the water supply to the rotary brush even more effective, the shaft of the rotary brush can be designed to be hollow, with openings in its wall. In this embodiment, some of the water exiting the motor housing enters the hollow shaft, thus filling its interior with water. This ensures a uniform supply of water to the rotary brush, as the interior of the shaft communicates (indirectly) with the interior of the rotary drive's motor housing.

[0041] In a practical embodiment, the support may be part of a shower panel, a bidet, or a shower tray.

[0042] Furthermore, it is possible to integrate the arrangement according to the invention into a garden shower, for example a freestanding one. In this case, the arrangement can be supplied with water via a garden hose.

[0043] In a practical embodiment, the round brush has an essentially cylindrical area.

[0044] In a practical embodiment, it can further be provided that the free end of the round brush is essentially hemispherical.

[0045] To securely hold the arrangement according to the invention in place when it is not permanently installed, at least one suction cup can be provided on the support on the side facing away from the round brush. This embodiment allows the arrangement according to the invention to be securely attached to essentially freely selectable locations, for example in tiled rooms.

[0046] To allow the replacement of the rotary brush with brushes of a different shape and / or quality, the rotary brush can be detachably connected to the rotary drive, for example, by screws. The connection between the rotary brush and the rotary drive can also be a plug-in coupling or a bayonet-type coupling.

[0047] The water supply to the arrangement according to the invention can be effected by a fixed connection to a (domestic) water pipe or by a connection using a flexible hose (hose similar to those used for hand showers). Advantageously, the arrangement according to the invention can be connected to a shower fitting, in particular to the mixer for adjusting the temperature of the supplied water (thermostatic mixer).

[0048] The support of the arrangement according to the invention can be attached directly to tiles, optionally removable, using a mounting plate.

[0049] To simplify operation, particularly the commissioning and decommissioning of the arrangement according to the invention, a pedal, for example, operable with a foot, can be provided. The pedal is preferably located below the circular brush and projects laterally and frontally beyond the circular brush, so that it is easily accessible when actuated. For example, pressing down the pedal opens a shut-off valve, and water flows to the rotary drive and then to the rotating circular brush. In a preferred embodiment, the pedal, which is for example U-shaped, is pivotably mounted on the support, particularly the housing, about a horizontal axis. It can be provided that the pedal remains in its position holding the shut-off valve open after being pressed down (pivoted downwards). To close the shut-off valve, the pedal is lifted again (pivoted upwards).In a modified embodiment, the pedal is loaded by a spring into its position, which corresponds to the closed shut-off device, i.e., in the direction of pivoting upwards.

[0050] Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention, which are shown schematically in the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 in oblique view of an arrangement according to the invention, Fig. 2 an arrangement according to the invention seen from the front, Fig. 3 an arrangement according to the invention in side view, Fig. 4 an arrangement according to the invention in top view, Fig. 5 in front view an arrangement according to the invention with attached container, Fig. 6 application examples of the device according to the invention, Fig. 7 a further application example of the device according to the invention, Fig. 8 an arrangement according to the invention integrated into a shower panel, Fig. 9 in an expanded schematic representation a rotary drive of the arrangement, Fig. 10 an arrangement of the invention combined with a garden shower, Fig. 11 an embodiment with foot-operated pedal in top view, Fig. 12 the embodiment of Fig. 11 In side view, Fig. 13 shows an arrangement combined with a round brush for washing backs, and Fig. 14 shows the combination of Fig. 13 in side view.

[0051] At the in Fig. 1In the illustrated embodiment of an arrangement 1 according to the invention, a round brush 2 is provided which projects from a support 3, designed as a housing 4 in the illustrated embodiment, and is oriented substantially with a horizontal axis of rotation. The round brush 2 has a substantially cylindrical section 5 and a substantially hemispherical, free end 6 opposite the support.

[0052] A bracket 7 is provided on the carrier 3, the legs 8 of which are attached to the carrier 3, which is designed as a housing 4. The bracket 7 has a substantially semicircularly curved bridge 9, so that the bracket 7 essentially has a shape that corresponds to the outline of the round brush 2.

[0053] Figs. 2 and 3 show that the bracket 7 is arranged such that the one in the Figs. 1 to 3In the shown position of use, the upper area of ​​the round brush 2 projects upwards over the bracket 7, thus extending through the interior of the bracket 7. Furthermore, ( Fig. 3 ) the bracket 7 is designed and arranged such that the front free, essentially hemispherical end 6 of the round brush 2 projects away from the housing 4 over the bridge 9 of the bracket 7.

[0054] On the housing 4, which serves as a carrier 3, a plate 10 is provided on the side facing away from the round brush 2; this plate is, for example, a plastic-coated metal plate.

[0055] The arrangement 1 according to the invention comprises in the Figs. 1 to 4The illustrated embodiment also includes a base 11, which allows the arrangement 1 to be placed on the floor and, if desired, secured, for example, by screws, suction cups, or by gluing. The base 11 can also be designed as a metal plate with a plastic coating. A space 35 exists between the round brush 2 and the base 11, which allows a foot to be positioned between the round brush 2 and the base 11. Fig. 6 ).

[0056] The round brush 2 is set in rotation by means of a rotary drive 12, as indicated by the arrow 13 in Fig. 2 The rotary drive 12 has a motor 14, for example designed as a turbine, which is operated by water supplied at a pressure of 2 to 5 bar, for example from a water pipe via a connection that may be provided, for example, at the upper end of the housing 4.

[0057] The motor 14 of the rotary drive 12, designed in particular as a water turbine, has a rotor 16 which is rotatably mounted in a motor housing 15. In the Fig. 9 In the exemplary embodiment of the rotary drive 12 shown, the motor housing 15 is mounted to a wall 34 of the housing 4 by means of a nut 17, which is screwed to a threaded projection 18 of the motor housing 15. The nut 17 has a threaded projection through which a line for supplying water, which drives the motor 14, can be connected. In an alternative embodiment, the motor housing 15 is formed integrally with the wall 34 of the housing 4.

[0058] The shaft 19 of the rotary brush 2 is detachably coupled to the rotor 16 of the motor 14, for example by screwing, plugging, or connecting via a bayonet-type coupling. This allows the rotary brush 2 to be replaced, cleaned, disinfected, and / or renewed.

[0059] The shaft 19 of the round brush 2 is inserted through an opening 20 provided at the brush-side end of the motor housing 15. There is play between the shaft 19 and the opening 20, allowing water to flow from the motor housing 15 towards the round brush 2 (arrows 21 in Fig. 3 ).

[0060] The advantage of the in Fig. 9 In the embodiment of the rotary drive 12 shown, water from the motor housing 15 escapes through an annular gap, which is bounded inwards by the outside of the shaft 19 of the round brush 2 and outwards by the inner edge of the opening 20, essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the round brush 2 and in the area of ​​the shaft 19 of the round brush 2, and flows towards the round brush 2.

[0061] Although not strictly necessary, the shaft 19 of the round brush 2 can be hollow, with holes 22 provided in the shaft 19. In this possible embodiment, water exiting the motor housing 15 through the opening 20 can enter the interior of the shaft 19 and flow towards the end 6 of the round brush 2, exiting the shaft 19.

[0062] Fig. 5Figure 1 shows that a container 23 can be mounted on the housing 4 of the support 3, for which purpose connection openings 24 are provided in the upper end wall of the housing 4. The container 23 can, in particular, have two compartments 25 and 26. One compartment 25 can contain cleaning agent (liquid soap) and the other compartment 26 a disinfectant. The connection openings 24 on the upper wall of the housing 4 communicate with the interior of the hollow bracket 7 via lines (not shown), so that disinfectant and / or cleaning agent can be supplied to the bracket 7 as needed. Pumps 27 are assigned to compartments 25 and 26 of the container 23, which can be actuated via elastically deformable bellows 28. Liquid soap or disinfectant can be supplied to the bracket 7 by means of the pumps 27.

[0063] As exemplified in the Figs. 11 and 12As shown, a shut-off device 30 can be provided to regulate the supply of water to the rotary drive 12 and then to the round brush 2. The shut-off device 30, for example a valve or a tap, can be, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12 shown, operated by a pedal 31. The pedal 31 is located in the Figs. 11 and 12 In the illustrated embodiment of the arrangement 1, it is located below the round brush 2 and, if a foot part 11 is provided, in the free space 35. Fig. 11As shown, the frame-shaped pedal 31 projects laterally and frontally beyond the round brush 2, ensuring easy access and preventing the round brush 2 from obstructing its operation. The pedal 31 is pivotable on the support 3 about an axis that is horizontal in the operating position of the arrangement 1. Pivoting the pedal 31 downwards opens the shut-off device 30, and pivoting it upwards closes it again. Preferably, the pedal 31 locks into its end positions (shut-off device 30 open or closed), thus holding it in either the "shut-off device 30 open" or "shut-off device 30 closed" position. The position of the pedal 31 "shut-off device 30 closed" is described in Fig. 12 with continuous lines and the position of pedal 31 "open shut-off device 30" is in Fig. 12 Shown with dashed lines.

[0064] Alternatively, the pedal 31 can be under the action of a spring that loads the pedal 31 into its position "closed shut-off device 30".

[0065] The arrangement according to the invention can, in particular when combined with a shower panel ( Fig. 9 and 10 ) have a handrail. This allows a person using the arrangement to hold on.

[0066] In a further development, the retaining bracket can be configured similarly to the pedal 31 for actuating a shut-off device, similar to the shut-off device 30. Thus, by pivoting the retaining bracket, the supply of water to the rotary drive 12 and then to the round brush 2 can be regulated.

[0067] In Fig. 6 is shown how the arrangement 1 according to the invention can be used to clean the sole of the foot and to clean the toes.

[0068] Fig. 7 shows how to clean the instep of a foot.

[0069] It is evident that the arrangement 1 according to the invention allows the washing of feet even for persons with physical disabilities or for persons who, due to age, can no longer reach their feet or cannot easily reach them, even without the help of third parties.

[0070] It is advantageous that water can be used sparingly with the arrangement 1 according to the invention. Even children can easily use the arrangement 1 according to the invention when they want to quickly wash their feet.

[0071] In embodiments, the arrangement 1 according to the invention comprises the rotating, horizontal round brush 2 (roller brush) with a rounded, free end 6 (head), wherein the round brush 2 is accessible from the front, the side, and from above as well as from below. This makes it possible to easily clean feet from heel to toe, including the sole and instep.

[0072] The rotary drive 12 of the round brush 2, which is preferred in the context of the invention and uses a motor 14 of the type of turbine driven by flowing water, provides the effect of a "slip clutch" that prevents damage to the rotary drive 12 if the round brush 2 is stopped unexpectedly and unintentionally for any reason. This slip clutch also prevents feet or toes from being trapped and injured.

[0073] The bracket 7 provided in the arrangement 1 according to the invention acts as a safety bracket, which prevents damage to the round brush 2 and its shaft 19.

[0074] In one embodiment, the round brush 2 can be unscrewed, for example from the rotor 16 of the motor 14, and is removable and replaceable, so that different brush hardnesses can be used or the round brush 2 can be cleaned, disinfected and / or replaced. Cleaning and disinfecting the round brush 2 is particularly important if the device according to the invention is used in hotels or other publicly accessible places (bathrooms, saunas, etc.).

[0075] If the arrangement according to the invention includes a clip-on container 23, which can be filled with disinfectant and liquid soap, this results in an additional improvement in the cleaning and subsequent disinfection of feet. For example, the feet can first be washed, and then, after turning off the water, disinfectant can be sprayed onto the round brush 2 – and thus also onto the cleaned foot.

[0076] The arrangement 1 according to the invention can be readily attached to or integrated into any shower fittings or shower trays. The arrangement according to the invention also allows it to be integrated into a shower panel 40 ( Fig. 8 ) is integrated.

[0077] The arrangement 1 according to the invention can be, as exemplified in Fig. 10 shown, combined with a garden shower 32, to which water can be supplied via a garden hose.

[0078] For example, holes 33 (fastening eyelets) are provided in the base 11 of the support 3. The holes 33 are preferably located in the corner areas of an approximately square base 11. This allows the assembly 1 to be fastened to any surface (ground) using screws (countersunk screws). When the assembly 1 is combined with a garden shower 32, it can be secured to the ground, e.g., in a lawn, using screw pegs.

[0079] The arrangement 1 according to the invention can also be retrofitted into a shower. It can be provided that the arrangement 1 according to the invention is connected to the shower fitting via a flexible hose using a manually operated multi-way valve, such as a three-way valve. Additionally, it can be provided that the arrangement 1 according to the invention is attached to the tiled floor or wall of the shower using one or more suction cups. This allows for installation without drilling or chiseling.

[0080] Alternatively, the arrangement 1 according to the invention can be installed as a flush-mounted device before the tiles are laid, it is preferred if the visible parts of the arrangement 1 are designed in a matching color.

[0081] The arrangement 1 according to the invention can also be set up freestanding outside a shower if a suitable water connection and drain are provided, so that the arrangement according to the invention is also suitable for wheelchair users.

[0082] The arrangement 1 according to the invention can be combined with a rotary brush driven about a substantially vertical axis for washing hard-to-reach body parts, such as the back or buttocks. This combination is exemplified in the Figs. 13 and 14 As shown, the arrangement 1 according to the invention, comprising a round brush 2, bracket 7, and pedal 31, is arranged at the bottom of a shower panel. A round brush 50 is mounted above the arrangement 1 in a height-adjustable manner. The round brush 50 is, for example, set into rotation about its vertical axis by a rotary drive 51. The rotary drive 51 can be designed in the same way as the rotary drive 12 of the arrangement 1. In the Figs. 13 and 14In the example shown, the rotary drive 51 for the round brush 50 is connected to an upper leg 52 and a bearing 53 of the round brush 50 to a lower leg 54 of a connecting bracket 55 which is arranged on the shower panel in a height-adjustable manner.

[0083] In summary, an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows: An arrangement 1 for cleaning feet has a rotary-driven circular brush 2. The water-operated rotary drive 12 is arranged on a support 3 designed as a housing 4. Water exits from the rotary drive 12 towards the circular brush 2 in the area of ​​the shaft of the circular brush 2. A U-shaped bracket 7 is attached to the housing 4 and is positioned above the circular brush 2 such that the upper part of the circular brush 2 projects through the bracket 7. The supply of water to the rotary drive 12 is regulated by a shut-off device 3, which is actuated by means of a pedal 31. The pedal 31 is arranged between a base 11 of the housing 4 and the circular brush 2.

Claims

1. Arrangement (1) having a round brush (2), which comprises a shaft (19), having a rotational drive (12) for the round brush (2), wherein the rotational drive (12) comprises a motor (14) preferably driven by flowing water, wherein the round brush (2) is arranged with its rotational drive (12) on a carrier (3), wherein the shaft (19) of the round brush (2) is aligned essentially horizontally in the usage position, characterized in that a bow (7) is provided on the carrier (3), the bow (7) is provided in the area of the round brush (2) in an area which lies above the axis of rotation of the round brush (2) in the usage position of the arrangement, the bow (7) has a width which is essentially equal to the diameter of the round brush (2), the bow (7) is aligned essentially horizontally in the usage position, and the upper part of the round brush (2) protrudes upward above the bow (7).

2. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bow (7) is an essentially U-shaped bow, which is fastened via its legs (8) on the carrier (3).

3. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free end (6) of the round brush (2) opposite to the rotational drive (12) protrudes above the web (9) of the bow (7).

4. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier (3) is designed as a housing (4) and a container (23) having at least one chamber (25, 26) for liquid soap and / or disinfectant is assigned to the housing (4).

5. Arrangement as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a fitting for water is provided on the housing (4), the motor (14) of the rotational drive (12) is a turbine driven by flowing water, and a line is provided which leads from the fitting to the motor (14) of the rotational drive (12).

6. Arrangement as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bow (7) is hollow, the interior of the bow (7) communicates with the container (23), and outlet openings, which are provided on the side of the bow (7) that is on the bottom in the usage position, are provided in the bow (7).

7. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carrier (3), in particular the housing (4), is connected to a plate (10), which is provided on the side of the carrier (3) opposite to the round brush (2).

8. Arrangement as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the bow (7) is fastened on the plate (10).

9. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the motor (14) comprises a motor housing (15) and a rotor (16) mounted so it is rotatable in the motor housing (15), and at least one opening is provided in the wall of the motor housing (15), through which the water emerges from the motor (14) toward the round brush (2).

10. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the round brush (2) comprises an essentially cylindrical area (5).

11. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the free end (6) of the round brush (2) is formed essentially hemispherical.

12. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one suction cup is provided on the carrier (3) on its side facing away from the round brush (2).

13. Arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the round brush (2) is detachably connected to the rotational drive (12).