Plant protection device and method for manufacturing the plant protection device

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to a plant protection device for protecting at least one plant, in particular a tree.

[0002] Plant protection devices with at least one integrally formed base body have already been proposed, which is intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage, wherein the base body is made of a fully biodegradable material. A composite material for a browsing protection device is known from DE 20 2021 101 762 U1. US Pat. No. 8,745,920 B1 discloses a plant protection device that combines the functionality of a solid-wall plant protection device, which is well suited for establishing a new plant / seedling, and a perforated-style plant protection device, which is well suited for an established plant.

[0003] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an environmentally friendly plant protection device with advantageously low manufacturing costs and, at the same time, advantageously high stability, which, in particular, eliminates the disadvantages of the previously described prior art. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1 and 20, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims. Advantages of the invention

[0004] The invention is based on a plant protection device with at least one integrally formed base body which is intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage, in particular for the protection of at least one plant, wherein the base body is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material.

[0005] It is proposed that the base body be designed as a skeletal structure. A "skeletal structure" is to be understood in particular as a preferably framework-like, three-dimensional support structure consisting of a plurality of interconnected elements, in particular struts. Preferably, the elements, in particular struts, of the skeletal structure are each arranged on other elements of the skeletal structure over a maximum of 50%, preferably over a maximum of 30%, and preferably over a maximum of 20%, of a maximum outer surface of the respective element. The elements of the skeletal structure are preferably connected to one another via imaginary connection points. In particular, the skeletal structure and / or all elements of the skeletal structure are formed in one piece. "Integral" is to be understood in particular as being connected by a material bond, for example, by a welding process and / or adhesive process, etc., and particularly advantageously be understood as molded on, such as by production from a single cast and / or by production using a single or multi-component injection molding process. Preferably, the base body extends at least substantially completely over a maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device. Preferably, the base body encloses the feedthrough in a sleeve-like manner, in particular in at least one assembled operating state. In particular, the base body encloses the feedthrough at least substantially completely when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the base body, in particular in at least one assembled operating state. It is conceivable that the base body only encloses the feedthrough at least substantially completely when arranged and / or fastened to a plant to be protected.For example, the base body is intended to be arranged, in particular bent and / or wrapped around, the passage when it is arranged and / or attached to a plant to be protected. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the plant protection device to comprise a plurality of base bodies, each of which is designed, in particular, as a skeletal structure. Preferably, the base bodies are intended to at least partially enclose the passage together, in particular to protect at least one plant. "Intended" is to be understood, in particular, as being specially designed and / or specially equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function is to be understood, in particular, as meaning that the object fulfills and / or performs this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.In particular, the passage extends at least substantially completely over the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device. The plant protection device is preferably designed to be arranged via the passage on at least one plant to be protected, wherein, in particular, the plant is arranged at least partially within the passage.

[0006] The plant protection device is preferably intended to protect trees, in particular forest trees or fruit trees, seedlings and / or shrubs, in particular grapevines. The plant protection device is preferably designed as a browsing and / or sweeping protection for plants, in particular trees and fruit trees and / or seedlings and / or shrubs, in particular grapevines, and is particularly intended to prevent animals, preferably game, in particular hoofed game, from consuming and / or damaging the plant. In a preferred embodiment, the plant protection device is intended to protect the plant in an early growth stage, preferably until the plant has reached a certain size / height.The plant protection device is preferably intended to protect exactly one plant, in particular a tree or a seedling, wherein the plant protection device is intended to be arranged around the plant via the passage. Preferably, a maximum transverse extent of the plant protection device, in particular of the base body, in an operating state for protecting a plant, preferably in a state enclosing the passage, corresponds to at most 1 m, preferably at most 0.5 m and more preferably at most 0.25 m. In particular, the maximum transverse extent of the plant protection device is selected depending on the plant to be protected. Preferably, the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device, in particular of the base body, is at least 20 cm, preferably at least 40 cm and more preferably at least 50 cm.In particular, the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device is selected depending on the plant to be protected. Preferably, the maximum transverse extent of the plant protection device, in particular of the base body, extends at least substantially perpendicular to the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device, in particular of the base body."Substantially perpendicular" is to be understood in particular as an alignment of a straight line, a plane or a direction, in particular a straight line comprising the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device or the base body, relative to another straight line, another plane or a reference direction, in particular a straight line comprising the maximum transverse extent of the plant protection device or the base body, wherein the straight line, the plane or the direction and the other straight line, the other plane or the reference direction, in particular viewed in a projection plane, form an angle of 90° with a maximum deviation of less than 8°, advantageously less than 5° and particularly advantageously less than 2°.Preferably, the plant protection device, in particular the base body, is provided to form the passage open at at least two ends formed along a central axis of the base body and / or the passage.

[0007] A "fully biodegradable material" is understood in particular to mean a material that weathers without leaving residues, in particular free of plastic residues, preferably macro-, micro-, and / or nanoplastic residues, free of SVHC residues, and / or free of (heavy) metallic residues. The material is preferably designed differently from polypropylene and polypropylene blends. In particular, the material is designed differently from so-called biohybrid plastics. In particular, the material is designed differently from oxo-degradable plastics, which in particular only decompose into very small plastic fragments and cannot be completely degraded. It is conceivable that the material exhibits a loss on ignition upon incineration, in particular according to the standard DIN EN ISO 3451-1 (2008) and / or DIN 18128 (2002), of more than 60%, preferably more than 70%, and particularly preferably more than 80%.It is conceivable for the base body to be formed from a plurality of different, each completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable materials. Preferably, the plant protection device is formed at least substantially completely from completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable materials. Preferably, the plant protection device, preferably the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable materials of the plant protection device, are intended to decompose after a period of time, which can be predetermined in particular depending on a chemical composition of the materials, in particular after at least three, preferably at the earliest four, preferably at the earliest six, and particularly preferably after at the earliest seven vegetation periods. Preferably, the plant protection device is intended to protect the plant within this period of time.Preferably, the plant protection device shows no significant signs of rotting within this period and in particular at least partially retains structural integrity, wherein in particular the base body at least partially encloses the feedthrough. In particular, the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material(s) is / are intended to decompose within an ecologically acceptable period to a large extent into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sievable residues of low, preferably negligible, ecotoxicity. Preferably, the organic components of the material decompose into CO 2 by at least 90% within the ecologically acceptable period. In particular, decomposition of the material occurs at least to a large extent by microorganisms. In particular, decomposition of the material leads to a preferably complete conversion to CO 2 and / or biomass.Preferably, 90% of the remainder of the material not converted to CO2 can be sieved through a sieve with a maximum sieve hole diameter of 2 mm after the ecologically acceptable period has elapsed. The ecologically acceptable period is in particular at least 3 years, advantageously at least 4 years, preferably at least 6 years and particularly preferably at least 7 years. Furthermore, the ecologically acceptable period is in particular at most 30 years, preferably at most 25 years, advantageously at most 15 years and preferably at most 10 years. In particular, the residues of the material do not contain any concentrations of the elements zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, arsenic and fluorine or only low concentrations of the said elements which do not exceed the limit values ​​specified in the standard DIN EN 13432:2000.Preferably, residues of the material, particularly in contrast to residues of polyvinyl chloride, do not contain any concentrations of hydrogen chloride. In particular, the material or residues of the material do not have any negative effects on a natural composting process. In particular, test fibers identical to the material meet at least the aforementioned requirements for ecotoxicity, sievability, and conversion to CO2 within the ecologically acceptable period when the test fibers are subjected to a test under the composting conditions listed in DIN EN ISO 14855:2004-10. In particular, the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material is fully metabolizable by organisms, in particular microorganisms, into biomass.

[0008] The plant protection device preferably comprises at least one fastening means for fastening the plant protection device to protect the plant. It is conceivable that the plant protection device comprises at least one support element for supporting at least the base body. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the plant protection device is intended to be supported on the plant to be protected. In particular, the at least one fastening means is intended to fasten the base body to the support element and / or the plant. For example, the fastening means is designed as a cord, a hook, an eyelet, a cable tie, or the like. Particularly preferably, the fastening means is made of a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. For example, the fastening means is made of hemp rope, PHB, PLA, a lignin mixture, a gelatin mixture, or the like.Preferably, the support element is made of a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. For example, the support element is designed as a wooden post or the like.

[0009] The inventive design of the plant protection device allows for advantageously high stability of the fully biodegradable plant protection device. Advantageously, low manufacturing costs can be achieved, particularly since the at least one base body can completely surround the plant to be protected, eliminating the need for additional components and / or a solid design of the base body.

[0010] According to the invention, it is proposed that the base body designed as a skeletal structure is formed from a plurality of struts which are integrally formed with one another via connection points and which delimit a plurality of recesses from an outer side of the base body to an inner side of the base body facing the feedthrough. The connection points are formed by the struts, which are produced, in particular directly, by an extrusion process from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The connection points are produced, in particular, by subsequently connecting the already formed struts. The connection points are formed when a second layer of extruded struts is applied over a first layer of extruded struts on the extrusion body. The connection points are integrally connected to one another with the strut, which is formed, in particular, by an extrusion process.It is conceivable for the connection points to be pressed together in a material-to-material bond by the extrusion body and / or a further roller. This can advantageously result in a high level of robustness and stability of the base body. The design of the base body advantageously allows sufficient light and air to reach the plant to be protected through the plant protection device. Unintentional blocking of access to the plant to be protected for small animals, such as beneficial insects, can advantageously be prevented. In particular, the outer side of the base body faces away from the feedthrough. The struts are preferably arranged in a periodically repeating pattern along at least one direction on the outer surface of the base body, in particular along a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body. However, it is also conceivable for the struts to be formed in a random and / or disorderly arrangement.In particular, the struts are each curved or at least substantially rectilinear. "Substantially rectilinear" is understood to mean, in particular, a configuration of a component, in particular one of the struts, wherein side surfaces of the component formed along a main extension axis of the component are each aligned at least substantially parallel to a side surface of a smallest geometric cuboid that just completely encloses the component."Substantially parallel" is to be understood in particular as an alignment of a straight line, a plane or a direction, in particular a straight line running through the side surface of the component and aligned parallel to the main axis of extension of the component, relative to another straight line, another plane or a reference direction, in particular a straight line running through the side surface of the cuboid and aligned parallel to the main axis of extension of the component, wherein the straight line, the plane or the direction has a deviation of less than 8°, advantageously less than 5° and particularly advantageously less than 2° from the other straight line, the other plane or the reference direction.A "main extension axis" of a component, in particular one of the struts, is understood to mean, in particular, an axis that runs parallel to a longest edge of a smallest geometric cuboid that just completely encloses the component. In particular, the base body, in particular the struts of the base body, is / are rigid or at least partially flexible in shape. Preferably, the base body, in an unloaded and / or unstrained state, has a substantial three-dimensional extension, wherein, in particular, struts of the base body are / can be oriented in different directions encompassing all three spatial directions and / or wherein the struts, in particular, are at least partially and / or sectionally oriented in a direction perpendicular to a main extension plane of the base body.A "main extension plane" of a structural unit, in particular of the base body, is to be understood in particular as a plane that is parallel to a largest side surface of a smallest imaginary cuboid that just completely encloses the structural unit, and in particular runs through the center of the cuboid. Preferably, the recesses defined by the struts are arranged at least substantially uniformly distributed over an outer surface of the base body. The recesses defined by the struts each have a maximum cross-sectional area of ​​at least 1 cm², preferably at least 2 cm², and particularly preferably at least 3 cm². Preferably, the individual struts, in particular in an intermediate region spaced apart from other struts, have an average thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, and preferably at least 4 mm.Preferably, the individual struts, in particular in an intermediate region spaced apart from other struts, have an average thickness of at most 15 mm, preferably at most 10 mm and particularly preferably at most 5 mm.

[0011] According to the invention, the base body is produced by an extrusion process from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body consists of struts, which are produced in particular by an extrusion process from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The struts are extruded in particular from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material and stacked on top of each other to form the base body, in particular the base body designed as a skeletal structure. An "extrusion process" is understood to mean a shaping process predominantly used for thermoplastic materials, in which the material is pressed as a viscous mass through a shaping opening under high pressure and high temperature. The process can be carried out in particular cyclically or continuously.In particular, in the extrusion process, a plurality of base bodies can be continuously extruded and subsequently separated into individual base bodies. Alternatively, in the extrusion process, the base bodies can each be produced individually in a cyclical manner, with extrusion being interrupted, in particular, after each base body. Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the extrusion process, an extrudate is deformed again after being pressed out, in particular, formed into a mold. In this context, "cyclical" is to be understood in particular to mean that the process is suspended after the struts have been applied to the extrusion body until the base body is removed from the extrusion body and the extrusion process is restarted for another base body. Preferably, the extrusion process and the production of the base bodies are discontinuous in a cyclic extrusion process.The extruded struts from which the base body is formed are preferably produced using a single-strand extruder and / or particularly preferably a multi-strand extruder. The struts are preferably deposited on a cylindrical support of the extruded body, or another support shape deemed appropriate by the person skilled in the art. It is conceivable for the base body to be made of half-shells. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the base body to be formed from a plurality of bodies. If necessary, advantageous stackability can be achieved during production, delivery, and installation in the forest.

[0012] It is further proposed that the base body be formed from struts, which are produced, in particular directly, from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material by an extrusion process. The struts are integrally formed with one another, in particular through the connection points. The integrally formed struts, together with the connection points, form the skeletal structure of the base body.

[0013] It is further proposed that the struts, in particular after extrusion, be connected to a skeleton structure by a plurality of connection points. The struts are in particular extruded and placed on top of one another, wherein the struts are integrally connected at intersections which form the connection points. The struts are formed integrally with one another by a plurality of connection points and form the base body. It is also proposed that the base body, in particular in at least one operating state for protecting at least one plant, comprise a central axis, wherein the base body encloses the passage around the central axis, wherein the base body is intended to conceal at most 70%, preferably at most 50%, and more preferably at most 40%, of an imaginary body filling the passage along a maximum longitudinal extent of the base body viewed perpendicular to the central axis.Advantageously, low material costs for the base body can be achieved. An advantageously low weight of the base body can be enabled, which in particular facilitates assembly of the plant protection device. Unintentional blocking of access to the plant to be protected for small animals, such as beneficial insects, can be advantageously prevented. In particular, the central axis of the base body extends at least substantially parallel to the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device and / or the base body. Preferably, the imaginary body filling the passage, in particular a region forming the passage, is visible through the recesses delimited by the struts when viewed perpendicular to the central axis of the base body.In particular, the imaginary body filling the passage is cylindrical or cuboid-shaped, wherein in particular the central axis of the base body comprises an axis of symmetry of the body.

[0014] It is further proposed that the base body consist at least largely of a gelatin mixture. This allows for an advantageous, completely biodegradable design. In particular, the base body is formed, in particular at least substantially entirely, from a gelatin mixture. The gelatin mixture preferably forms a natural thermoset. The gelatin mixture preferably comprises at least partially, in particular largely, gelatin, which is in particular produced industrially predominantly from animal connective tissue, and additionally other natural fibers, such as linseed oil or the like.

[0015] Furthermore, it is proposed that the base body consist at least largely of a lignin mixture. This allows for an advantageously robust, fully biodegradable design. In particular, the base body is formed, in particular at least substantially entirely, from a lignin mixture. The lignin mixture preferably comprises at least partially, in particular to a large extent, lignin. It is conceivable that the lignin mixture is formed as an arboform, with other natural fibers, such as flax or hemp, being admixed with the lignin. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the lignin mixture forms a polyurethane.

[0016] Furthermore, it is proposed that the base body consists at least largely of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide (PLA), and lignin. The material mixture preferably comprises 40% to 60%, in particular approximately 50%, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), 30% to 40% polylactide (PLA), and 10% to 30% lignin. The material mixture preferably forms the lignin mixture. An advantageous, robust, fully biodegradable design can be realized. In particular, the base body is formed, in particular at least substantially entirely, from the material mixture. It is conceivable that the material mixture consists largely of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). It is further conceivable that the material mixture consists at least partially of polylactide (PLA). It is also conceivable that the material mixture is made from starch.

[0017] Furthermore, it is proposed that the base body consist at least largely of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide (PLA), and cellulose and / or wood fibers. The material mixture preferably comprises 40% to 60%, in particular approximately 50%, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), 30% to 40% polylactide (PLA), and 10% to 30% cellulose and / or wood fibers. The material mixture preferably forms the cellulose mixture, although a material mixture comprising wood fibers is also conceivable. An advantageous, robust, fully biodegradable design can be realized. In particular, the base body is formed, in particular at least substantially entirely, from the material mixture. The material mixture can consist largely of cellulose. It is also conceivable for the material mixture to consist at least partially of wood fibers.

[0018] As an alternative to a configuration of the base body from the gelatin mixture and the lignin mixture, it is conceivable that the base body preferably consists at least largely, in particular at least substantially completely, of a bioplastic, such as preferably polylactide (PLA) or polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Bioplastic blends or a starch-based material are also conceivable. It is conceivable that the plant protection device has at least one protective layer and / or at least one color layer arranged on the base body, in particular covering the base body. In particular, the protective layer and / or the color layer are / are each formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. It is conceivable that the protective layer and / or the color layer are / are intended to delay weathering of the base body.Preferably, the base body is at least substantially completely coated and / or covered with the protective layer and / or the color layer. For example, the protective layer and / or the color layer are formed from a natural resin or a natural, in particular vegetable, oil.

[0019] It is further proposed that the plant protection device comprise at least one covering element which is arranged on the base body, wherein the at least one covering element is provided to at least partially, in particular at least largely, preferably at least substantially completely, enclose the passage viewed along a central axis of the base body, wherein the at least one covering element is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. This can enable an advantageously high insulating effect. If required, advantageously high protection against pests can be enabled. By means of the covering element, part of a protective effect of the plant protection device can be taken over by the base body, whereby the base body can be designed to be less dense and additionally assumes a supporting function for holding the covering element.Preferably, the enveloping element is attached to the base body and / or is positively and / or non-positively connected to the base body. Preferably, the enveloping element is woven into the base body, in particular via a plurality of individual struts. In particular, the base body forms a plurality of holding projections intended to hold and / or fix the enveloping element to the base body. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the enveloping element to be firmly bonded to the base body, for example, via an adhesive bond. "Heavy-duty bond" is to be understood in particular as meaning that the mass parts are held together by atomic or molecular forces, such as during soldering, welding, gluing, fusing, and / or vulcanization.In a preferred embodiment, the plant protection device comprises a one-piece casing element which is particularly intended to at least substantially completely enclose the passage viewed along the central axis of the base body. The casing element preferably extends at least substantially completely over the maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device and / or the base body. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the plant protection device to comprise a plurality of casing elements which are intended to together at least substantially completely enclose the passage when arranged next to one another. In particular, when the plant protection device is designed with more than one base body, a number of casing elements preferably corresponds to at least a number of base bodies.In particular, it is conceivable for the plant protection device to comprise precisely one covering element for each base body, which covering element extends in particular at least substantially completely over an entire outer or inner surface of the respective base body. In particular, the covering element is designed as an at least largely flexible sheet-like structure, wherein in particular a maximum length and a maximum width of the covering element are designed to be substantially greater, in particular at least 10 times greater, preferably at least 15 times greater, and particularly preferably at least 20 times greater, than a maximum thickness of the covering element. Preferably, the covering element is designed to be at least largely flexible in shape. In particular, the covering element is designed as a mat or a plate.

[0020] It is further proposed that the base body be provided to support the at least one sheathing element on an inner side facing the feedthrough and on an outer side of the sheathing element facing away from the feedthrough. This can advantageously achieve a high level of robustness and stability of the plant protection device. This can advantageously prevent unintentional damage to the plant protection device, in particular to the sheathing element, during transport and / or installation. Preferably, struts formed by the base body are arranged on the sheathing element via the inner side of the sheathing element, and further struts formed by the base body are arranged on the sheathing element via the outer side of the sheathing element.Preferably, struts formed by the base body, in particular the struts, the further struts, or other struts formed by the base body, extend at least partially from the outer side of the enveloping element to the inner side of the enveloping element through the enveloping element. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the base body, in particular in end regions of the base body formed along the maximum longitudinal extent of the base body, to form struts which are intended to at least partially encompass the enveloping element on at least one side edge of the enveloping element.

[0021] Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one covering element consists at least largely of a nonwoven fabric. This allows for advantageously simple and cost-effective production of the covering element. It allows for advantageously simple handling of the covering element during transport and / or when setting up the plant protection device. The covering element can advantageously be easily formed with any desired thickness. It allows for advantageously simple adaptation of the properties of the covering element to specific environmental requirements and / or specific applications, such as the requirements of specific plant species to be protected.A "nonwoven fabric" is understood, in particular, to mean a textile structure made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers, or cut yarns of any type and origin, which have been joined together in any way to form a nonwoven fabric and bonded together in any way, whereby any crossing or entanglement of fibers or yarns, as occurs in weaving, knitting, lacemaking, braiding, and the manufacture of tufted products, is excluded. In particular, the nonwoven fabric is designed differently from a knitted fabric, a warp-knitted fabric, or the like. In particular, the nonwoven fabric is designed differently from a film and / or paper. Preferably, the nonwoven fabric is designed free of a thread system and a stitch formation, such as those that arise, for example, in weaving, warp-knitting, knitting, crocheting, or the like.

[0022] It is further proposed that the nonwoven fabric be made from animal wool, in particular sheep's wool. This makes it possible to provide an advantageously cost-effective and quickly manufactured covering element. In particular, a nonwoven fabric made from sheep's wool can provide an advantageously cost-effective covering element. In particular, a covering element made from animal wool can advantageously be easily recycled by animals or other organisms, such as fungi or the like. It is conceivable that the nonwoven fabric is made from a mixture of different types of animal wool. Particularly preferably, the covering element, in particular the nonwoven fabric, is made at least substantially entirely from sheep's wool. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve low manufacturing costs for the plant protection device with a covering element, in particular of the covering element. In particular, the nonwoven fabric is designed as a fiber pile.It is conceivable for the covering element to be formed from a main part, which consists at least largely of the nonwoven fabric, and at least one seam or the like, which is arranged, for example, on an outer edge region of the main part and / or on the inner sides of the covering element that delimit recesses in the covering element. Preferably, the at least one seam is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material.

[0023] It is further proposed that the nonwoven fabric be made of plant fibers, in particular cotton fibers. This advantageously makes it easy to achieve a completely biodegradable covering element. In particular, a covering element made of plant fibers can advantageously be easily recycled by animals. It is conceivable that the nonwoven fabric be made of a mixture of different types of plant fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the covering element, in particular the nonwoven fabric, is made at least substantially entirely of cotton fibers. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the nonwoven fabric be made of hemp fibers, coconut fibers, or the like.

[0024] It is conceivable for the plant protection device to comprise at least one protective layer for arrangement on the covering element. Preferably, the protective layer for the covering element is arranged flatly on the nonwoven fabric, preferably on the two main surfaces of the nonwoven fabric. Particularly preferably, the protective layer for the covering element is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material, for example a lignin mixture, a gelatin mixture, PLA, PHB or the like. Preferably, the protective layer for the covering element is positively and / or non-positively and / or materially bonded to the nonwoven fabric. Preferably, the protective layer for the covering element is sewn, woven and / or welded to the nonwoven fabric. It is conceivable for the protective layer for the covering element to be welded from two sides via connecting points or connecting seams and to enclose the nonwoven fabric.For example, the protective layer for the covering element is formed as a film. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the protective layer for the covering element is formed from a natural, particularly vegetable, oil.

[0025] Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one covering element defines a plurality of light and / or ventilation recesses. Concealment of the plant to be protected by the covering element can advantageously be easily adapted to the optimal growth conditions of the respective plant. Preferably, the light and / or ventilation recesses each extend from the outside of the covering element to the inside of the covering element. In particular, the light and / or ventilation recesses each extend over the maximum thickness of the covering element. Preferably, the average thickness of the covering element is at most 1.5 cm, preferably at most 1 cm, more preferably at most 0.5 cm, and most preferably at most 0.2 cm. Preferably, the majority of light and / or ventilation recesses are arranged evenly distributed over a main surface of the covering element and / or in a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body.A "main surface" of a body, in particular of the enveloping element, is understood to mean, in particular, the largest contiguous surface of the body. The main surface of the enveloping element is designed in a shell-like manner around the feedthrough, in particular depending on the shape of the base body, in the operating state for protecting the plant, in which the enveloping element encloses the feedthrough. It is preferably cylindrical, cuboid, or similar, depending on the shape of the base body. The enveloping element is preferably opaque, at least in the visible light range and / or under natural light conditions. In particular, the light and / or ventilation recesses are provided to enable at least partial illumination of the plant to be protected and / or air circulation within the feedthrough. In particular, the ventilation recesses have a minimum diameter of at least 0.5 cm, preferably at least 1 cm, and particularly preferably at least 1.5 cm.It is conceivable that the light and / or ventilation recesses are arranged predominantly or exclusively in an upper end region of the plant protection device, which, in particular when the plant protection device is assembled, is arranged facing away from the ground. It is conceivable that the base body extends at least partially through light and / or ventilation recesses of the covering element, preferably for supporting and / or holding the covering element. Preferably, the light and / or ventilation recesses extend at least substantially completely through the nonwoven fabric. In particular, in an embodiment of the covering element with a protective layer, the light and / or ventilation recesses extend through the nonwoven fabric and the protective layer(s). Alternatively, it is conceivable that the covering element is at least partially transparent.This advantageously eliminates the need for the enveloping element to have light and / or ventilation recesses. In particular, in an at least partially transparent and / or recess-free enveloping element, the average thickness of the enveloping element is at most 0.5 cm, preferably at most 0.25 cm, particularly preferably at most 0.15 cm, and most preferably at most 0.1 cm.

[0026] It is also proposed that the base body comprise at least two skeletal structure layers, which, in particular in at least one operating state for protecting at least one plant, each at least partially enclose the passage and which are integrally connected to one another, wherein the at least two skeletal structure layers have different distances from the center axis of the base body radially towards a center axis of the base body. This can enable an advantageously stable base body. In particular, a strength of the plant protection device for protecting the plant to be protected can advantageously be achieved independently of other components. A "skeletal structure layer" is to be understood in particular as a geometric arrangement of elements or struts of the base body on an imaginary three-dimensional surface, wherein at least 20 vol.%, preferably at least 30 vol.% and particularly preferably at least 40 vol.-%, of the base body, in particular of all elements or struts of the base body, are arranged on the imaginary three-dimensional surface and wherein the imaginary three-dimensional surface extends at least substantially completely over a main surface of the base body. In particular, the at least two skeletal structure layers of the base body are arranged at least substantially parallel to one another. Preferably, the at least two skeletal structure layers of the base body are connected to one another via elements or struts of the base body arranged between the two skeletal structure layers. Preferably, the skeletal structure layers, in particular in an assembled state of the plant protection device, are each designed in the shape of a cylinder jacket surface or a cuboid jacket surface, in particular around the central axis of the base body.Preferably, the skeletal structure layers each at least largely enclose the passage, particularly in at least one operating state for protecting at least one plant. Preferably, the skeletal structure layers each at least substantially completely enclose the passage along the central axis of the base body, particularly in at least one operating state for protecting at least one plant. Preferably, the skeletal structure layers each extend at least substantially completely over the maximum longitudinal extent of the base body.

[0027] It is further proposed that the struts, particularly in at least one operating state for protecting a plant, are each at least substantially rectilinear when viewed along a circumferential direction around a central axis of the base body. This can advantageously achieve high stability of the base body. This can enable an advantageously attractive visual appearance of the plant protection device. Preferably, at least a majority of the struts forming the base body are each at least substantially rectilinear when viewed along a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body.In particular, the struts of the base body forming the skeletal structure layers of the base body are each at least substantially rectilinear, viewed along a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body. In particular, struts of the base body formed separately from the skeletal structure layers may also be curved, bent, or similar. In particular, when the base body is configured with exactly one skeletal structure layer, it is conceivable that preferably at least substantially all of the struts forming the base body are each at least substantially rectilinear, viewed along a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body.

[0028] Furthermore, it is proposed that the base body forms at least one fastening means for fixing the base body in at least one operating state for protecting a plant and / or for fixing the plant protection device to a support element and / or a plant, wherein in particular the fixed base body encloses the feedthrough in a sleeve-like manner. Additional separate fastening means of the plant protection device can advantageously be omitted. An advantageously small number of different components of the plant protection device can be achieved. This advantageously enables low manufacturing and assembly costs. In addition, an advantageously rapid assembly of the plant protection device can be achieved. Preferably, the fastening means is designed as a strut of the base body, which is preferably hook-shaped, loop-shaped, pin-shaped or the like.It is conceivable that the fastening means is provided to hold the base body in at least one position of the base body for the operating state for protecting a plant, in particular in an arrangement around the passage. It is conceivable that the base body forms at least one further fastening means, which is provided to cooperate with the fastening means for fixing the base body and / or for fastening the plant protection device to the support element and / or the plant. Preferably, the other fastening means is designed to correspond to the fastening means. Preferably, the other fastening means is designed as a strut of the base body, which is preferably hook-shaped, loop-shaped, pin-shaped or the like.For example, the fastening means is designed as a hook-shaped extension on the base body and is intended to cooperate with another strut of the base body and / or with another fastening means designed as an eyelet or loop for fixing the base body and / or for fastening the plant protection device to the support element and / or the plant. The fastening means is preferably arranged on an outer edge region of the base body. In particular, the other fastening means is arranged on another edge region of the base body facing away from and / or opposite the outer edge region. The fastening means and the other fastening means are preferably arranged on end regions of the base body spaced apart from one another along a circumferential direction around the central axis of the base body.It is conceivable for the base body to form a plurality of fastening means, which are preferably distributed, in particular uniformly, over the maximum longitudinal extent of the base body. It is also conceivable for the base body to form a plurality of other fastening means, which are preferably distributed, in particular uniformly, over the maximum longitudinal extent of the base body, preferably corresponding to an arrangement of the fastening means.

[0029] Furthermore, a method for producing a plant protection device according to the invention is proposed. Preferably, the base body is produced in at least one process step, with the base body being produced in one piece.

[0030] The inventive design of the method allows for advantageously high stability of the fully biodegradable plant protection device. Advantageously, low manufacturing costs can be achieved.

[0031] Furthermore, it is proposed that in at least one method step the base body is produced by an extrusion process from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. Preferably, in the at least one method step, in particular in a first method step, struts of the base body are extruded from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The struts are deposited, in particular after extrusion, preferably in a second method step, in a defined shape on a, in particular rotating, extrusion body in order to form a skeletal structure. The extrusion body can be equipped with a fleece to which the struts are applied. The struts are placed on top of one another, in particular in different planes, and form connection points, in particular between the planes.At the connection points, sections of the struts intersect and are bonded together at this point. The struts are applied to the extruded body, particularly in a lattice-like configuration, forming a skeleton structure. The resulting base body is preferably cylindrical, particularly circular-cylindrical. However, other shapes deemed appropriate by a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. This allows for advantageously rapid and cost-effective production of the base body. In particular, the base body can be manufactured in one piece. It is conceivable for the base body to be produced layer by layer, similar to a 3D printing process.

[0032] It is further proposed that in at least one method step the base body is produced such that the base body in an unloaded state, in particular viewed along a central axis of the base body, has a curved and / or angled basic shape. Further method steps for shaping the base body can advantageously be omitted. In particular, production of the base body in just one method step can advantageously be enabled. In particular, during production of the base body the material of the base body is applied to a pre-formed, in particular round or square, extruder body, wherein in particular the base body hardens with the curved and / or angled basic shape. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the base body is produced such that the base body in an unloaded state has a plate-shaped and / or flat basic shape.In particular, in at least one further method step of the method for producing the plant protection device or during assembly for protecting a plant, the base body is arranged such that the base body encloses the passage at least partially, in particular at least largely, preferably at least substantially completely when viewed along the central axis.

[0033] It is also proposed that in at least one method step the base body is formed directly on and / or at a sheathing element during production of the base body. This can enable advantageously rapid and cost-effective production of the plant protection device, in particular from sheathing element(s) and base body(s). It can advantageously enable a material-to-material connection of the base body to the sheathing element during formation of the base body, wherein in particular further method steps for connecting the base body and the sheathing element can advantageously be omitted. Preferably, the base body is applied directly to the sheathing element during the extrusion process. Preferably, the material of the base body is cured on and / or at the sheathing element.It is conceivable that the base body is connected to the casing element in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting and / or material-fitting manner during production, in particular during the extrusion process.

[0034] Furthermore, it is proposed that at least in one process step the base body be produced by a discontinuous extrusion process. The struts are preferably extruded and placed on the extrusion body. The extrusion body can be previously coated with a nonwoven fabric. After the base body has been formed on the extrusion body, the extrusion process is in particular stopped. The base body is in particular removed from the extrusion body. Another production process is then restarted to produce another base body. One base body is produced after the other. The discontinuous extrusion process therefore has in particular interruptions. Preferably, the extrusion of the struts is interrupted after the base body has been formed in order to remove the finished base body and re-equip the extrusion body.The extrusion of the struts continues to form another base body. This enables precise piece-by-piece production. Different skeletal structures can be realized for each base body, in particular to meet customer requirements or special applications.

[0035] It is also proposed that, at least in one method step for producing the base body, a plurality of struts are formed simultaneously by means of a plurality of extrusion outlet openings. Preferably, a special device is provided for carrying out the extrusion method for producing the base body, wherein the device in particular has the plurality of extrusion outlet openings, which are preferably arranged in a row parallel to a rotation axis of the extrusion body. The plurality of extrusion outlet openings in particular extrude the struts simultaneously and form the base body. In particular, several struts are extruded simultaneously. It is conceivable that the extrusion outlet openings have the same distance from one another or that the distances between the extrusion outlet openings can be different.The struts can also be placed at different levels thanks to the numerous extrusion outlets that form the base body. This design advantageously allows for higher production rates.

[0036] It is further proposed that, at least in one process step, the base body be formed from a cylindrical extrusion during production. Other shapes are also conceivable for the extrusion. The shape of the extrusion determines the shape of the base body. The extrusion body can be mounted for rotation. The extrusion body can be mounted for movement in all directions. It is conceivable that the extrusion body also contains additional rollers or attachments. This advantageously allows for the realization of a simple and efficient machine arrangement. A further advantage is the desired basic shape of the base body.

[0037] The plant protection device according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the plant protection device according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention can have a number of individual elements, components, units, and method steps that differs from the number stated herein to fulfill a function described herein. Furthermore, in the value ranges specified in this disclosure, values ​​within the stated limits are also to be considered disclosed and can be used arbitrarily. Drawings

[0038] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate six exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations.

[0039] They show: Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a plant protection device according to the invention for protecting a tree with a base body designed as a skeletal structure in a state arranged on the tree, Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the plant protection device according to the invention in the state arranged on the tree, Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an exemplary sequence of a method according to the invention for producing the plant protection device according to the invention, Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of an extrusion method for producing the base body of the plant protection device according to the invention, Fig. 5 is a schematic detailed view of a first alternative embodiment of a plant protection device according to the invention in the region of a base body and a covering element with light and / or ventilation recesses, Fig.6 shows a schematic detailed view of a second alternative embodiment of a plant protection device according to the invention with a covering element and a base body supporting the covering element on an inner side and on an outer side, Fig. 7 shows a schematic side view of a third alternative embodiment of a plant protection device according to the invention with a base body formed from at least substantially rectilinear struts, Fig. 8 shows a schematic plan view of a fourth alternative embodiment of a plant protection device according to the invention with a base body which forms two fastening means for fixing the base body and for fastening the plant protection device via a support element, and Fig. 9 shows a schematic plan view of a fifth alternative embodiment of a plant protection device according to the invention with two base bodies which together delimit a passage for protecting a plant. Description of the embodiments

[0040] In Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a plant protection device 10a in an assembled state for protecting a plant 12a formed as a tree. In Figure 21 shows the plant protection device 10a in a schematic sectional view, wherein a sectional plane is arranged at least substantially perpendicular to a central axis 14a of a base body 16a of the plant protection device 10a. The plant protection device 10a is designed, in particular, as a browsing and / or sweeping protection for the plant 12a, in particular a tree, in particular a fruit tree, seedling and / or shrub, in particular a grapevine. The plant protection device 10a comprises the integrally formed base body 16a, which is intended to at least largely enclose at least one passage 18a, in particular to protect the plant 12a. The base body 16a is intended to at least substantially completely enclose the passage 18a, viewed along the central axis 14a of the base body 16a (cf. Figure 2). The plant protection device 10a comprises a support element 20a for fastening the base body 16a to a substrate 22a. The support element 20a is designed as a wooden post. The base body 16a and the support element 20a are each made of a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body 16a and the support element 20a consist of struts 26a, which are extruded in particular from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material and placed on top of one another. The base body 16a consists at least largely of a lignin mixture, which in particular forms a thermoset. The base body 16a consists at least largely of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide (PLA), and lignin. The material mixture forms the lignin mixture.Alternatively, it would also be conceivable for the base body 16a to consist at least largely of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactide (PLA), and cellulose or wood fibers. In particular, the base body 16a is formed at least substantially entirely from the lignin mixture. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the base body 16a to be formed from another completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material, such as preferably a gelatin mixture, PHB, or PLA. Other configurations of the base body 16a are also conceivable.

[0041] The base body 16a is designed as a skeletal structure. The base body 16a is formed from a plurality of struts 26a which are integrally formed with one another via connection points 24a and which delimit a plurality of recesses 28a from an outer side of the base body 16a to an inner side of the base body 16a facing the passage 18a. The base body 16a is produced from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material by an extrusion process. The base body 16a is formed from struts 26a which are produced, in particular directly, from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material by an extrusion process. The struts 26a are extruded, in particular, from the completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material and placed on top of one another to form the base body 16a, in particular the base body 16a designed as a skeletal structure.The struts 26a are connected, particularly after extrusion, to form a skeletal structure by a plurality of connection points 24a. The struts 26a are each curved and, viewed across the outer side of the base body 16a, form a regularly repeating mesh-like pattern. The base body 16a encloses the passage 18a around the central axis 14a, wherein the base body 16a is provided to conceal, along a maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a, viewed perpendicular to the central axis 14a, at most 70%, preferably at most 50%, and particularly preferably at most 40%, of an imaginary body filling the passage 18a. In particular, the imaginary body filling the passage 18a is visible via the recesses 28a. The maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a is aligned at least substantially parallel to the central axis 14a of the base body 16a and / or to the passage 18a.The base body 16a is in the one shown in the . Figures 1 and 2 In the state shown, the plant protection device 10a is designed to be substantially rigid to protect the plant 12a. It is conceivable that the plant protection device 10a comprises a protective layer and / or a paint layer arranged on the base body 16a (not shown in the figures) and preferably intended to delay weathering of the base body 16a.

[0042] The base body 16a is tubular. The base body 16a has an at least substantially circular maximum cross-sectional area. The passage 18a is, in particular, substantially cylindrical. However, other configurations of the base body 16a are also conceivable, for example, with a cuboidal basic shape, a polygonal, in particular triangular, quadrangular, or pentagonal, or an elliptical cross-sectional area, or the like. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the base body 16a to be at least partially elastically shaped and to be intended to form a positive fit against the plant 12a.

[0043] The plant protection device 10a comprises a covering element 32a. The covering element 32a is arranged on the base body 16a, in particular on an inner side of the base body 16a. The covering element 32a is intended to at least substantially completely enclose the passage 18a, viewed along the central axis 14a of the base body 16a. The covering element 32a is arranged in a sleeve-like manner around the passage 18a. The covering element 32a has, in particular in the Figures 1 and 2In the operating state shown, it has a cylindrical surface-like basic shape. The covering element 32a is made of a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The covering element 32a is made of a piece of nonwoven fabric made of sheep's wool. Alternatively, the nonwoven fabric is made of other types of animal wool, of plant fibers, such as cotton fibers, hemp or coconut fibers, or the like. The base body 16a is provided to support the covering element 32a on an outer side of the covering element 32a facing away from the passage 18a (cf. Figure 2). The base body 16a is at least force-fittingly connected to the enveloping element 32a. The base body 16a is, in particular, at least partially materially connected to the enveloping element 32a. The base body 32a lies flat against the enveloping element 32a around the central axis 14a of the base body 16a, in particular uniformly and over the entire surface extension of the enveloping element 32a. The enveloping element 32a is at least partially transparent, in particular over an entire main surface of the enveloping element 32a.

[0044] The base body 16a forms fastening means 34a for fixing the base body 16a in at least one operating state for protecting the plant 12a and for fastening the plant protection device 10a to the support element 20a. The base body 16a, fixed by the fastening means 34a, encloses the passage 18a in a sleeve-like manner. The fastening means 34a are each designed as an eyelet formed by a strut of the base body 16a. The fastening means 34a are integrally connected to the base body 16a, in particular formed integrally with the base body 16a. The fastening means 34a are arranged one behind the other along the central axis 14a of the base body 16a and / or along the maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a. The fastening means 34a are intended to enclose the support element 20a and to fasten the base body 16a to the support element 20a.The fastening means 34a are preferably made of the same material as the base body 16a. The fastening means 34a are arranged on an outer side of the base body 16a facing away from the passage 18a. In particular, the support element 20a is intended for arrangement / attachment on the outer side of the base body 16a. The maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a corresponds at least substantially to a maximum longitudinal extent of the plant protection device 10a with the exception of the support element 20a. The support element 20a extends at least partially beyond the maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a into the ground 22a.Other configurations of the support element 20a are also conceivable, for example as a type of anchor or peg, which can be fastened to the base body 16a only on an underside of the base body 16a facing the ground 22a, or with a provided arrangement / fastening on an inner side of the base body 16a. It is conceivable that the plant protection device 10a is intended to be held, in particular erected, only over the plant 12a to be protected. For example, the base body 16a rests positively against the plant 12a to be protected or comprises fastening means for fastening to the plant 12a. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the support element 20a is guided through the base body 16a and / or is arranged between the base body 16a and the sheathing element 32a, wherein in particular the base body 16a, in particular struts of the base body 16a, and / or the sheathing element 32a are designed as fastening means.Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the plant protection device 10a comprises fastening means which are designed separately from the base body 16a, for example as ropes, as cable ties, as tensioning belts or the like. Fastening means 34a of the plant protection device 10a are preferably designed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material.

[0045] As an alternative to the Figure 2In the embodiment of the plant protection device 10a shown, it is conceivable that the base body 16a is arranged on an inner side of the covering element 32a. In particular, the covering element 32a is provided to protect the base body 16a from weathering and external influences, in particular light. In addition, it is conceivable that the plant protection device 10a comprises at least one protective layer for the covering element 32a, which is arranged on an outer side of the covering element 32a. In particular, the protective layer for the covering element 32a is designed as a film and is provided to protect the covering element 32a and the base body 16a, which is arranged in particular on the inner side of the covering element 32a, from weathering. Alternatively, other embodiments of the protective layer for the covering element 32a are also conceivable, in particular embodiments different from a film.

[0046] In Figure 3An exemplary sequence of a method 100a for producing the plant protection device 10a is shown. In a method step 102a of the method 100a, the covering element 32a is produced. In particular, the covering element 32a is cut or trimmed from a web of nonwoven fabric. Preferably, a flat semi-finished product is produced from sheep's wool, which is intended to form the covering element 32a. It is conceivable that light and / or ventilation recesses are introduced into the covering element 32a (see Figure 5 ), for example by a punching, pressing or cutting process, preferably in the process step 102a. In a further process step 104a of the process 100a, the base body 16a is produced, wherein the base body 16a is produced from the lignin mixture by an extrusion process (see Figure 4 ). Preferably, the lignin mixture is applied to an outer surface of a rotatable extrusion body 36a (see Figure 4). In particular, the outer surface of the extrusion body 36a has a curved basic shape, wherein the base body 16a is produced such that the base body 16a has a curved basic shape in an unloaded state, in particular when viewed along the central axis 14a of the base body 16a. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the extrusion body 36a to have a plurality of outer surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, wherein the base body 16a is produced such that the base body 16a has an angled basic shape in an unloaded state, in particular when viewed along the central axis 14a of the base body 16a. In a method step of the method 100a, in particular method step 104a, the base body 16a is formed directly on and / or at the casing element 32a during production of the base body 16a.Preferably, in a method step 106a of method 100a, the enveloping element 32a is arranged on the extruded body 36a via the outer surface of the extruded body 36a prior to the formation of the base body 16a via the extrusion process. The lignin mixture preferably hardens on the enveloping element 32a during the production of the base body 16a. In a further method step 108a of method 100a, the fastening means 34a are formed on or from the base body 16a during or after the formation of the base body 16a. It is conceivable that in at least one method step of method 100a, in particular after the production of the base body 16a, the base body 16a is coated with at least one protective layer and / or with at least one color layer. In a further method step 110a of method 100a, the support element 20a is produced.In a further method step 112a of method 100a, the base body 16a, together with the enveloping element 32a, is fastened to the support element 20a via the fastening means 34a. In particular, the base body 16a and the enveloping element 32a are fastened to the support element 20a before the plant protection device 10a is arranged on the plant 12a and / or the plant protection device 10a is set up, wherein in particular the support element 20a is transported in a state fastened to the base body 16a and the enveloping element 32a, or when the plant protection device 10a is arranged on the plant 12a and / or the plant protection device 10a is set up. It is conceivable that the base body 16a is made of half-shells. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the base body 16a is formed from a plurality of bodies.

[0047] In Figure 4An exemplary device 38a for carrying out the extrusion process for producing the base body 16a is shown schematically. The extrusion body 36a is designed, in particular, as a roll onto which the enveloping element 32a is pulled. In particular, the device 38a comprises a plurality of extrusion outlet openings 40a, which are arranged in a row parallel to a rotation axis 42a of the extrusion body 36a. In particular, the extrusion body 36a is moved about the rotation axis 42a during the production of the base body 16a. Preferably, in the method step, in particular method step 104a (cf. Figure 3), to produce the base body 16a, a plurality of struts 26a are formed simultaneously, in particular over the maximum longitudinal extent 30a of the base body 16a to be produced. During production of the base body 16a, the extrusion outlet openings 40a are preferably moved in a predetermined, repeating sequence parallel to the axis of rotation 42a of the extrusion body 36a, whereby the skeletal structure of the base body 16a to be produced is formed. As a result, the base body 16a can advantageously be produced quickly along a main extent of the base body 16a to be produced. The extruded struts 26a, from which the base body 16a is formed, are extruded using a multi-strand extruder. However, it would also be conceivable for the struts 26a to be extruded one after the other using a single-strand extruder. The bars 26a are placed on a cylindrical extrusion body 36a, or another shape deemed appropriate by the person skilled in the art.After all extruded struts 26a have been deposited on the extrusion body 36a, the extrusion process is stopped and the base body 16a is removed. A further extrusion process of a base body 16a can be started. It is conceivable that the extrusion body 36a has an additional roller to press the extruded struts 26a onto the rotating extrusion body 36a when the struts 26a overlap. In this case, the struts 26a could form a materially bonded connection point 24a. The plurality of struts 26a are extruded simultaneously by means of a plurality of extrusion outlet openings 40a and form the base body 16a. Several struts 26a are extruded simultaneously. It is conceivable that the extrusion outlet openings 40a have the same distance from one another or that the distances between the extrusion outlet openings 40a can be different.The struts 26a can also be placed in different planes through the plurality of extrusion outlet openings 40a, which form the base body 16a.

[0048] In the Figures 5 to 9 Five further embodiments of the invention are shown. The following description and drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the embodiments, whereby with regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference numerals, reference is also made to the drawings and / or the description of the preceding embodiment, in particular to the Figures 1 to 4 To distinguish the embodiments, the letter a is added to the reference numerals of the embodiment in the Figures 1 to 4 In the examples of the Figures 6 to 10 the letter a is replaced by one of the letters b to f.

[0049] In Figure 5A schematic detailed view of a first alternative embodiment of a plant protection device 10b is shown, wherein a base body 16b and a covering element 32b of the plant protection device 10b are shown viewed perpendicular to a central axis 14b of the base body 16b. The base body 16b is formed in one piece and is intended, in particular, to protect at least one plant (in Figure 5not shown), to at least partially enclose at least one passage 18b. The base body 16b is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body 16b is formed as a skeleton structure. The enveloping element 32b is arranged on the base body 16b and is intended to at least partially, in particular at least largely, preferably at least substantially completely, enclose the passage 18b as viewed along the central axis 14b of the base body 16b. The enveloping element 32b is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. In contrast to the embodiment described in the description of Figures 1 to 4 The covering element 32b of the plant protection device 10a described in the Figure 5The plant protection device 10b shown has a plurality of light and / or ventilation recesses 44b. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b each extend from an outer side of the covering element 32b to an inner side of the covering element 32b over the maximum thickness of the covering element 32b. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b are each formed at least substantially identically. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the light and / or ventilation recesses 44b to have different sizes in different regions of the covering element 32b, for example for advantageous ventilation of certain regions of the plant and / or for advantageous illumination of certain regions of the plant, in particular foliage of the plant. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b are arranged uniformly distributed over a main surface 46b of the covering element 32b.Alternatively, it is conceivable that the light and / or ventilation recesses 44b are arranged only in a partial region of the enveloping element 32b, for example on an upper side of the enveloping element 32b facing away from a substrate. The enveloping element 32b is designed to be opaque in regions spaced from the light and / or ventilation recesses 44b, at least in the range of visible light and / or under natural light conditions. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b are provided to enable at least partial illumination of the plant to be protected and / or air circulation within the passage 18b. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the enveloping element 32b delimits exclusively light recesses 44b, exclusively ventilation recesses 44b, or differently designed light recesses 44b and ventilation recesses 44b.In particular, ventilation recesses 44b have a larger maximum cross-sectional area than light recesses 44b. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b preferably each have a minimum diameter 48b of at least 0.5 cm, preferably at least 1 cm, and particularly preferably at least 1.5 cm. The light and / or ventilation recesses 44b preferably each have a maximum cross-sectional area 50b of at least 0.5 cm 2 , preferably at least 1 cm 2 , and preferably at least 1.5 cm 2 . The base body 16b, in particular struts 26b of the base body 16b, are arranged on the casing element 32b at a distance from the light and / or ventilation recesses 44b. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the base body 16b, in particular struts 26b of the base body 16b, extends / extend at least partially through light and / or ventilation recesses 44b of the enveloping element 32b, preferably for supporting and / or holding the enveloping element 32b.

[0050] In Figure 6A sectional view of a second alternative embodiment of a plant protection device 10c is shown in a partial area when arranged on a plant 12c in the form of a tree. A sectional plane is arranged at least substantially perpendicular to a central axis 14c of a base body 16c of the plant protection device 10c. The base body 16c is formed in one piece and is intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage 18c, in particular to protect the plant 12c. The base body 16c is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body 16c is designed as a skeletal structure. The plant protection device 10c comprises a covering element 32c.The enveloping element 32c is arranged on the base body 16c and is intended to at least partially, in particular at least largely, preferably at least substantially completely, enclose the passage 18c along the central axis 14c of the base body 16c. The enveloping element 32c is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. In contrast to the material described in the description of the . Figures 1 to 4 In the plant protection device 10a described above, the base body 16c of the Figure 6The plant protection device 10c shown is provided to support the enveloping element 32c on an inner side facing the passage 18c and on an outer side of the enveloping element 32c facing away from the passage 18c. Struts 26c forming the base body 16c extend on the outer side and on the inner side of the enveloping element 32c. The base body 16c comprises two skeletal structure layers 52c, 53c, which, in particular in at least one operating state for protecting the plant 12c, each enclose the passage 18c at least partially, in particular at least largely, and which are integrally connected to one another. The two skeletal structure layers 52c, 53c have different distances 54c, 56c from the central axis 14c of the base body 16c radially toward the central axis 14c of the base body 16c.Preferably, embodiments of the plant protection device 10c, wherein the base body 16c comprises two or more skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c, are also conceivable without a covering element 32c. One skeleton structure layer 52c of the two skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c is arranged on the inside of the covering element 32c. In particular, the skeleton structure layer 52c has a smaller radial distance 54c from the central axis 14c of the base body 16c than the covering element 32c and another of the two skeleton structure layers 53c. The other skeleton structure layer 53c of the two skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c is arranged on the outside of the covering element 32c. In particular, the other skeleton structure layer 53c has a greater radial distance 56c from the central axis 14c of the base body 16c than the covering element 32c and the skeleton structure layer 52c. The two skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c are integrally connected to one another via struts 26c of the base body 16c (in . Figure 6not shown). In particular, the base body 16c comprising the two skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c is formed in one piece. The struts 26c connecting the two skeleton structure layers 52c, 53c (in Figure 6 not shown) extend at least partially through the enveloping element 32c and / or are arranged at end regions of the enveloping element 32c, wherein the struts 26c in particular at least partially encompass the enveloping element 32c, in particular an edge of the enveloping element 32c. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the plant protection device 10c comprises at least two base bodies 16c, which are intended to enclose the enveloping element 32c during assembly and / or in an operating state to protect the plant 12c. In particular, each of the base bodies 16c forms a skeleton structure layer 52c, 53c. For example, the two base bodies 16c are arranged analogously to the Figure 6The skeletal structure layers 52c, 53c shown are arranged around the enveloping element 32c and preferably connected to one another. For example, at least one of the base bodies 16c comprises fastening means for a positive and / or non-positive connection of the two base bodies 16c to one another. It is conceivable that the enveloping element 32c is fixed to the base bodies 16c, in particular between the two base bodies 16c, by a connection of the base bodies 16c. However, other embodiments of the plant protection device 10c, in particular of the base body(s) 16c, are also conceivable, for example, with more than two base bodies 16c.

[0051] In Figure 7a schematic side view of a third alternative embodiment of a plant protection device 10d is shown, in particular viewed perpendicular to a central axis 14d of a base body 16d of the plant protection device 10d. The base body 16d is formed in one piece and is intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage 18d, in particular for the protection of at least one plant 12d. The base body 16d is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body 16d is designed as a skeleton structure. The base body 16d designed as a skeleton structure is formed from a plurality of struts 26d formed integrally with one another via connection points 24d, which delimit a plurality of recesses 28d from an outer side of the base body 16d to an inner side of the base body 16d facing the passage 18d. In contrast to the embodiment described in the description of Figures 1 to 4 In the plant protection device 10a described above, the struts 26d of the base body 16d are Figure 7 illustrated plant protection device 10d along a circumferential direction 58d (see also Figure 2 ) are each at least substantially straight when viewed around the central axis 14d of the base body 16d. The struts 26d form a repeating zigzag pattern in the circumferential direction 58d around the central axis 14d of the base body 16d and along a maximum longitudinal extent 30d of the base body 16d. Figure 7The arrangements of the struts 26d shown, in particular the pattern, are illustrated by way of example. Such a pattern is preferably also conceivable with other spacings between the struts 26d, for example with a higher number of struts 26d oriented transversely to the central axis 14d and / or arranged obliquely to the central axis 14d. Other configurations of the base body 16d are also conceivable, for example with struts 26d oriented exclusively obliquely to the central axis 14d or with struts oriented only at least substantially perpendicular or at least substantially parallel to the central axis 14d of the base body 16d.

[0052] In Figure 8a schematic sectional view of a fourth alternative embodiment of a plant protection device 10e is shown when arranged on a plant 12e designed as a tree, wherein in particular a sectional plane is arranged perpendicular to a central axis 14e of a base body 16e of the plant protection device 10e. The base body 16e is formed in one piece and is intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage 18e, in particular for protecting the plant 12e. The base body 16e is formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The base body 16e is designed as a skeleton structure. In contrast to the embodiment described in the description of Figures 1 to 4 The base body 16e of the plant protection device 10a described in the Figure 8The plant protection device 10e shown is designed to be flexible in shape and is intended to be arranged on the plant 12e, in particular from a flat shape or from the shape shown in Figure 8 shown shape of the base body, which at least partially encloses the leadthrough, in order to be bent around the leadthrough 18e, wherein the base body 16e, viewed along the central axis 14e of the base body 16e, at least substantially completely encloses the leadthrough 18e (similar to Figure 2). The base body 16e forms a plurality of fastening means 34e, each of which is arranged on one of the edge regions 60e, 62e of the base body 16e, which edge regions are arranged at least substantially parallel to a maximum longitudinal extent of the base body 16e and / or to the central axis 14e of the base body 16e. The fastening means 34e each delimit a receiving recess 64e for receiving a support element 20e of the plant protection device 10e. In particular, the fastening means 34e are each eyelet- or loop-shaped. The fastening means 34e are arranged one behind the other on the two edge regions 60e, 62e, each viewed along the central axis 14e of the base body 16e.Preferably, the base body 16e is intended to be arranged around the passage 18e to protect the plant 12e in such a way that the fastening means 34e arranged on the two edge regions 60e, 62e are arranged at least substantially one behind the other along the central axis 14e of the base body 16e. In particular, the fastening means 34e arranged on the two edge regions 60e, 62e are intended to fix the base body 16e in a position enclosing the passage 18e via a receptacle of the support element 20e. The support element 20e is post- or rod-shaped. The support element 20e is intended to be arranged on the base body 16e through the receptacle recesses 64e.Alternatively, it is conceivable for the plant protection device 10e to comprise a plurality of support elements 20e, each of which is intended to connect two of the fastening means 34e or several pairs of the fastening means 34e to one another, preferably via their receiving recesses 64e. In particular, the two edge regions 60e, 62e of the base body 16e are formed along a main extension of the base body 16e oriented perpendicular to the central axis 14e, on two mutually opposite edges of the base body 16e. The fastening means 34e are preferably each formed from struts of the base body 16e. The fastening means 34e are each formed from completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. In particular, the fastening means 34e are each formed from the same material as the base body 16e. The fastening means 34e are preferably formed integrally with the base body 16e.Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the plant protection device 10e to comprise fastening means 34e formed separately from the base body 16e. It is conceivable for the plant protection device 10e to have a plurality of base bodies 16e, which are intended to be connected to one another via fastening means 34e and at least one support element 20e in an operating state for protecting the plant 12e.

[0053] In Figure 9 a schematic sectional view of a fifth alternative embodiment of a plant protection device 10f is shown in an arrangement on a plant 12f designed as a tree, wherein in particular a sectional plane is arranged perpendicular to a central axis 14f of a passage 18f to be enclosed. In contrast to the embodiment described in the description of Figures 1 to 4 The plant protection device 10a described comprises the Figure 9The plant protection device 10f shown has two base bodies 16f. The two base bodies 16f are intended to at least partially enclose at least one passage 18f, in particular to protect the plant 12f. The two base bodies 16f are each formed in one piece. The two base bodies 16f are each formed from a completely, in particular residue-free, biodegradable material. The two base bodies 16f are each formed as a skeletal structure. The two base bodies 16f each form fastening means 34f, which are provided for connecting the two base bodies 16f when enclosing the passage 18f. The fastening means 34f are each arranged on an edge region 60f, 62f of one of the base bodies 16f and are intended to be connected to the respective other base body 16f in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, preferably via interaction with at least one strut of the other base body 16f.Alternatively, it is conceivable that the two base bodies 16f each form one or more fastening means 34f on two edge regions 60f, 62f and / or each form fastening means 34f and other fastening means corresponding to the fastening means 34f, which are intended in particular to interact with fastening means 34f of the respective other base body 16f. In particular, the two base bodies 16f are essentially rigid. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the base bodies 16f are designed to be flexible in shape. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the plant protection device 10f comprises more than two base bodies 16f, which are analogous to the ones shown in . Figure 9 shown two base bodies 16f for protecting the plant 12f. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the plant protection device 10f is analogous to the one shown in the Figures 1 to 4 described plant protection device 10a or analogous to that described in the Figure 8 described plant protection device 10e comprises at least one support element and / or fastening means for fastening to a / the support element and / or the plant 12f. Reference symbol 10 Plant protection device 100 Proceedings 12 plant 102 Process step 14 central axis 104 Process step 16 Basic body 106 Process step 18 Implementation 108 Process step 20 Support element 110 Process step 22 Underground 112 Process step 24 connection point 26 strut 28 recess 30 Longitudinal extension 32 Envelope element 34 Fasteners 36 Extrusion body 38 device 40 Extrusion outlet opening 42 axis of rotation 44 Light and / or ventilation recess 46 Main interface 48 diameter 50 cross-sectional area 52 Skeletal structure position 53 Skeletal structure position 54 Distance 56 Distance 58 circumferential direction 60 peripheral area 62 peripheral area 64 Receiving recess

Claims

1. Plant protection device with at least one base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) which is formed in one piece and is configured, in particular for the protection of at least one plant (12a; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f), to at least partially encompass at least one passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f), wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is made of a material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue, wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is realized as a skeletal structure, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) which is realized as a skeletal structure is formed of a plurality of struts (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) which are realized integrally with one another via connection points (24a; 24d) and which delimit a plurality of recesses (28a; 28d) from an outer side of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) towards an inner side of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) that faces the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f), wherein the connection points (24a; 24d) are formed when a second layer of extruded struts is applied on an extrusion body (36a) over a first layer of extruded struts.

2. Plant protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is produced by an extrusion procedure from the material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue.

3. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is formed of struts (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) which are produced, in particular directly, by an extrusion procedure from the material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue.

4. Plant protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that the struts (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) are connected, in particular after an extrusion, by a plurality of connection points (24a; 24d) to form a skeletal structure.

5. Plant protection device according to claim 1, <b>characterized in that, in particular in at least one operation state for protecting at least one plant (12a; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f), the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) has a central axis (14a; 14b; 14c; 14d; 14e; 14f), wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) encompasses the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f) around the central axis (14a; 14b; 14c; 14d; 14e; 14f), wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is configured to cover at most 70% of an imaginary body that fills the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f) viewed along a maximum longitudinal extent (30a; 30d) of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) perpendicularly to the central axis (14a; 14b; 14c; 14d; 14e; 14f).

6. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) consists at least for the most part of a gelatin mixture.

7. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) consists at least for the most part of a lignin mixture.

8. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) consists at least for the most part of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactides (PLA) and lignin.

9. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) consists at least for the most part of a material mixture comprising polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polylactides (PLA) and cellulose and / or wood fibres.

10. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) which is arranged on the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), wherein the at least one enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) is configured to encompass the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f) at least partially, in particular at least for the most part, preferably at least substantially completely, viewed along a central axis (14a; 14b; 14c; 14d; 14e; 14f) of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), wherein the at least one enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) is made of a material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue.

11. Plant protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is configured to support the at least one enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) on an inner side facing the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f) and on an outer side of the enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) facing away from the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f).

12. Plant protection device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the at least one enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c) is at least for the most part made of a nonwoven material.

13. Plant protection device according to claim 12, characterized in that the nonwoven material is made of animal wool, in particular sheep's wool.

14. Plant protection device according to claim 12, characterized in that the nonwoven material is made of plant fibres, in particular cotton fibres.

15. Plant protection device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the at least one enveloping element (32b) delimits a plurality of light and / or ventilation recesses (44b).

16. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16c) comprises at least two skeletal structure layers (52c, 53c) which, in particular in at least one operation state for the protection of at least one plant (12c), respectively at least partially enclose the passage (18c) and which are integrally connected to one another, wherein radially towards a central axis (14c) of the base body (16c), the at least two skeletal structure layers (52c, 53c) have different distances (54c, 56c) from the central axis (14c) of the base body (16c).

17. Plant protection device at least according to claim 1, characterized in that, in particular in at least one operation state for the protection of a plant (12d), the struts (26d) are in each case formed at least substantially in a straight line viewed along a circumferential direction (58d) around a central axis (14d) of the base body (16d).

18. Plant protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) forms at least one fastening means (34a; 34e; 34f) for fixing the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) in at least one operation state for the protection of a plant (12a; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f) and / or for fastening the plant protection device (10a; 10b; 10c; 10d; 10e; 10f) to a support element (20a; 20e) and / or to a plant (12a; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f), wherein in particular the fixed base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) encompasses the passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f) in a sleeve-like manner.

19. Method for producing a plant protection device (10a; 10b; 10c; 10d; 10e; 10f) with at least one base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) which is formed in one piece and is configured, in particular for the protection of at least one plant (12a; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f), to at least partially encompass at least one passage (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f), wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is made of a material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue, wherein the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is realized as a skeletal structure, characterized in that the struts (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) are extruded and placed on top of one another in order to form the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), wherein during a production of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), in at least one method step (104a) the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is formed on a cylindrical extrusion body (36a), wherein the struts (26a; 26b; 26c; 26d) are laid down on a cylindrical extrusion body (36a).

20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that in at least one method step (104a) the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is produced by an extrusion procedure from the material that is completely biodegradable, in particular without residue.

21. Method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that in at least one method step (104a) the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is produced in such a way that in an unloaded state, in particular viewed along a central axis (14a; 14b; 14c; 14d; 14e; 14f) of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) has a bent and / or angled basic shape.

22. Method according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that during production of the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16), in at least one method step (104a) the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is formed directly on and / or at an enveloping element (32a; 32b; 32c).

23. Method according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that in at least one method step (104a) the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f) is produced by a discontinuous extrusion procedure.

24. Method according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that in at least one method step (104a) for producing the base body (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f), a plurality of struts (26a) are formed simultaneously via a plurality of extrusion outlet openings (40a).