METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM AND ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING COOLING CAPACITY AND / OR HEATING CAPACITY

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating an energy supply system for supplying a consumer and to an energy supply system for providing cooling power and / or heating power for a consumer. State of the art

[0002] Ice storage systems for storing latent heat for heating and cooling buildings are known. EP 2686633 A1, for example, discloses a latent heat storage system with an ice storage system that has an extraction heat exchanger and a regeneration heat exchanger. The heat exchangers are in contact with the storage medium, usually water. The extraction heat exchanger is connected to a heat pump, while the regeneration heat exchanger is connected to a heat source. During the cold season, the ice storage system supplies heat with a low usable energy content to the heat pump via the extraction heat exchanger until the water in the ice storage system solidifies, thus thermally discharging the latent heat storage system. The rate of discharging can be influenced via the regeneration heat exchanger.In the warm season, ambient heat is also fed into the ice storage via the regeneration heat exchanger in order to thaw the solidified storage medium and thus supply energy to the storage medium.

[0003] Such ice storage systems are suitable as energy sources to cover the heating and cooling needs of a connected consumer, such as a building. The known methods for utilizing the various energy sources to operate the heat pump are based on temperature limit criteria to provide the heat pump with a suitable flow temperature.

[0004] DE 10 2017 112 409 A1 discloses a latent heat storage system comprising at least one latent heat storage device, at least one extraction circuit, with which heat can be extracted from the storage medium as intended, and at least one regeneration circuit, with which heat can be supplied to the storage medium as intended. The latent heat storage device comprises at least one extraction heat exchanger in contact with the storage medium, which can be connected to the extraction circuit, and at least one regeneration arrangement within the storage medium, which can be connected to the regeneration circuit. A coupling device is provided, with which the extraction heat exchanger can be coupled at least temporarily to the regeneration arrangement for joint heat extraction from the storage medium or for joint heat supply to the storage medium.

[0005] US Patent No. 8,726,682 B1 discloses a heat pump system that can operate in multiple heating and cooling modes, combining the properties of both geothermal heat pumps and air-source heat pumps. Furthermore, the operating mode selection is automatically controlled to optimize efficiency depending on ambient conditions and system requirements. The integration of solar collectors is also possible. The system includes a heat / cold storage system consisting of water or ground. The operating modes are adjusted depending on the temperature.

[0006] DE102011120743A1 relates to a heat supply for a building using a latent heat storage unit and a heat pump. Three heat circuits are present: a heat circuit between an air / fluid heat exchanger and the latent heat storage unit, a heat circuit between the air / fluid heat exchanger and the heat pump, and a heat circuit between the latent heat storage unit and the heat pump. The latent heat storage unit is an intermediate storage unit charged by the air / fluid heat exchanger. The heat pump can extract heat from the latent heat storage unit for heating. Valves and pumps determine where a working fluid flows. The operating modes are adjusted depending on the outside temperature.

[0007] DE102005013012A1 describes a combined heating / cooling system with a latent heat storage unit. The latent heat storage unit absorbs the waste heat from a refrigeration system during cooling operation. This utilizes the storage effect, which is based on the absorption and release of latent heat during the change of state of aggregation in the phase material of the latent heat storage unit. Furthermore, the advantage is utilized that the latent heat storage unit can be operated at a nearly constant temperature throughout the entire charging process. The heat absorbed by the latent heat storage unit during operation of the refrigeration system is released to the environment during the night via a recooling system. The heat can also be released via solar collectors. The latent heat storage unit can also be used to buffer the solar-thermally generated heat during the heating season.

[0008] DE 27 44468 A1 discloses a device for measuring and, if necessary, controlling the charge level of latent heat storage devices. Disclosure of the invention

[0009] The object of the invention is to provide an efficient method for operating an energy supply system for supplying a consumer.

[0010] A further task is to create an efficient energy supply system for providing cooling and / or heating power to a consumer using such a process.

[0011] The objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and advantages of the invention emerge from the further claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0012] The features listed individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in a technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and by details from the figures, whereby further embodiments of the invention are shown.

[0013] According to one aspect of the invention, a method for operating an energy supply system for supplying at least one consumer is proposed, wherein the energy supply system comprises at least one control and / or regulating device, a regenerative energy source, at least one latent heat storage device with a phase change material as a storage medium, which is in hydraulic connection with the at least one regenerative energy source and at least one heat pump, which interact via a hydraulic device whose operating states are set by the control and / or regulating device.

[0014] The operating states comprise at least one or more of the following operating states, such as a preconditioning operation of the latent heat storage, a cooling operation, a heating operation, a conditioning operation of the regenerative energy source.

[0015] The preconditioning operation of the at least one latent heat storage device comprises at least active precooling and / or passive precooling of the at least one latent heat storage device, regeneration of the at least one latent heat storage device.

[0016] In conditioning mode, defrosting of the regenerative energy source is achieved or icing of the regenerative energy source is prevented.

[0017] The control and / or regulating device controls and / or regulates at least one of the operating states depending at least on thermal loading limits of the latent heat storage device.

[0018] The thermal loading limits of the latent heat storage system are specified depending on at least one specific time interval. In particular, a transition between thermal loading limits that are seasonally or operationally favorable within the specific time interval can be achieved with a defined curve over time.

[0019] A specific time interval is a season or a period within which certain consumer requirements exist, whereby dynamic loading limits and unloading limits are specified depending on the season or consumer requirements and are used as setpoint values ​​for the control and / or regulation of the energy supply system.

[0020] In this way, the latent heat storage system can be operated with a favorable, adjusted thermal load, for example, throughout the entire year or at other demand-dependent time intervals, in contrast to the state of the art, where thermal load limits are defined only as constants. Advantageously, a transition between the maximum and minimum thermal load limits can be achieved with a defined gradient. Mixed operation of the various energy sources can also be advantageously implemented. The defined curve and / or gradient can either be fixed or dynamically calculated.

[0021] A consumer may include a building such as a single-family home, an apartment building, a commercial building, an industrial process, and the like.

[0022] The proposed method is used to operate an energy supply system with at least one renewable energy source, such as a solar collector, air register, geothermal energy, waste heat, and the like, for a heat pump. A latent heat storage device in the form of an ice storage tank is used as a buffer for the renewable energy source. The heat pump can operate selectively with the renewable energy source, the ice storage tank, or both in combination.

[0023] Renewable energy sources such as air registers and solar-air collectors can freeze at low temperatures. The method according to the invention allows for the conditioning of such renewable energy sources, so that defrosting can be achieved or icing can be prevented. This advantageously allows energy input into the energy supply system to take place largely uninterrupted.

[0024] Advantageously, the control and / or regulation device can determine and adjust a seasonally optimal thermal load of the latent heat storage device, depending at least on the thermal load limits of the latent heat storage device. This advantageously allows for a high thermal load with high efficiency for heating operation of the heat pump, for example, in winter or when heating is required at other times, while simultaneously ensuring efficient supply for year-round cooling operation.

[0025] Furthermore, a low thermal load with a high degree of icing of the latent heat storage, for example, in summer or when cooling is required at other times, can be achieved from the latent heat storage for efficient natural cooling. The necessary thermal discharge of the latent heat storage for cooling operation occurs primarily by using the energy in heating operation.

[0026] The desired degree of freezing of the latent heat storage can advantageously be determined depending on the season. This allows for automated adjustment to the energy supply system's needs. Seasonally optimal thermal loading is achieved through demand-oriented preconditioning for heating and / or cooling operation. The heat pump's source energy is provided through various operating modes in such a way that the latent heat storage is kept as close as possible to its optimum. The thermal state of charge of the latent heat storage can be conveniently monitored continuously for this purpose. The process is therefore preferably supplemented with a method for detecting the thermal state of charge of latent heat storage systems.

[0027] Advantageously, a transition between operationally favorable loading limits at a given time or in a specific time interval can be made smoothly, in particular with a predetermined curve over time, in particular a predetermined gradient.

[0028] Advantageously, the control and / or regulating device does not need to intervene in a conventional heat pump control system, allowing uninterrupted operation of the heat pump. This allows different types of heat pumps to be used without the need to adapt the heat pump control system. Depending on whether a primary-side circulation pump of the heat pump or a secondary-side circulation pump of the heat pump is controlled by the heat pump control system, the control and / or regulating device receives a corresponding signal from the heat pump control system requesting heating and / or cooling. The primary-side circulation pump of the heat pump and / or the secondary-side circulation pump of the heat pump can be integrated into the heat pump.

[0029] The process can be used for pure heating or pure cooling operation, but is particularly advantageous for systems with both heating and cooling operation. It is particularly advantageous to enable both heating and cooling.

[0030] It is advantageous to set a mixed operation of the energy sources in order to achieve the desired degree of icing of the latent heat storage as precisely as possible.

[0031] Furthermore, the high variability of operating modes and the considerable thermal storage capacity of the latent heat storage system also allow for advantageous responses to external incentives. Examples of external incentives can be one or more incentives in the form of photovoltaic self-generated electricity by the heat pump, off-peak periods for heat pump operation, variable energy prices, energy markets, particularly control power, balancing group adjustment, or the like, utilization of an electrical distribution grid, weather forecasts and / or load forecasts, each of which identifies times of low or high consumption, favorable or unfavorable conditions for heat pump operation and / or for preconditioning the latent heat storage system, and peak loads in demand.

[0032] Optimised use of energy sources can also be achieved through combined and / or mixed operation.

[0033] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the control and / or regulating device, in particular a state machine of the control and / or regulating device, can switch between different operating states of the hydraulic device.

[0034] In particular, the operating states can include at least one of the following operating states: preconditioning mode of the at least one latent heat storage device, cooling mode, heating mode, and conditioning mode of the regenerative energy source. During conditioning mode, the regenerative energy source can, for example, be defrosted if it is iced over, or icing can be prevented.

[0035] The control and / or regulation device, in particular the state machine, can advantageously switch between different operating states based on additional information. In doing so, the state machine can perform a number of auxiliary functions.

[0036] For example, it can fulfill a safety function by checking whether a minimum thermal load level has been undercut. Furthermore, it can perform a reinitialization in the event of a parameter change, a changed availability of an operating state, an external request, or the like. The control and / or regulation device, in particular the state machine, can evaluate the status of the heat pump, for example, whether the heat pump is out of operation, whether heating or cooling mode, or parallel heating and cooling mode, sometimes also referred to as mixed operation, is running. Furthermore, the thermal load level of the latent heat storage unit can be evaluated and whether regeneration, passive, or active pre-cooling is necessary. Furthermore, a function block can be provided to ensure manual operation of the energy supply system.

[0037] The control and / or regulation device, in particular the state machine, can decide whether an operating state is available. This check can be performed for each operating state based on an externally defined release and / or depending on internal safety conditions. A determination of the state of a controller, for example whether it is active or passive, can be made according to passive (standby) or active criteria. If the controller is in a passive state, no setpoints for actuators, such as switching valves, are calculated. Processing a request is not necessary or is not permitted due to current temperatures. If the controller is in an active state, a request is processed and setpoints for actuators are actively calculated. An active state of the controller can activate the determination of its state.

[0038] An output of the state machine can be the operating state of the hydraulic system and the state of the controller. Actuator control or regulation can be implemented downstream.

[0039] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, input data of the control and / or regulating device, in particular of the state machine, can comprise at least: sensor data, in particular processed sensor data, a calculation of a current or desired thermal loading level of the latent heat storage device, one or more protective functions, a release control of the operating states, and input data of at least one user interface. Output data of the control and / or regulating device, in particular of the state machine, can comprise at least one current phase of an operating state. Based on this information, the control and / or regulating device, in particular of the state machine, can advantageously initiate a switch between different operating states.

[0040] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the output data of the control and / or regulating device, in particular of the state machine, can be used to control at least one actuator, or to control an actuator matrix with at least one controller for controlling at least one actuator.

[0041] The actuator matrix can define the setpoints of the actuators in the energy supply system, such as opening / closing valves, switching pumps on / off, and activating / deactivating a controller for the desired operating state. Advantageously, the actuator matrix can be designed so that it can be individually adapted to a specific energy supply system, thus enabling a customized configuration of the energy supply system.

[0042] In particular, setpoint specifications of the at least one actuator can be output via at least one controller. In particular, a plurality of actuators of the energy supply system can be advantageously controlled via the outputs of the state machine as a result of the evaluation of the individual operating states and the thermal loading level of the latent heat storage device in order to control and / or regulate the current operating state or to switch to another operating state.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, according to a favorable embodiment of the method, setpoint specifications and / or actual values ​​of the at least one actuator can be fed back to the control and / or regulating device, in particular to the state machine. In this way, feedback can advantageously be provided between the current values ​​of the actuators and the evaluation of the current operating state or the output values ​​of the state machine.

[0044] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, requests to the energy supply system can be processed according to a priority of the operating states, at least comprising setting the conditioning mode of the at least one renewable energy source if there is a request for conditioning and the conditioning mode is available, otherwise setting a cooling mode if there is a request for cooling and the cooling mode is available, otherwise setting a preconditioning mode of the latent heat storage device if the thermal loading level of the latent heat storage device is inadmissible for heating mode and the at least one heat pump is out of operation; otherwise setting a heating mode if no other requests exist and heating mode is available. Advantageously, individual operating states can thus be checked for availability and activated when a corresponding request is made.The parameters of the operating state can then be controlled and / or regulated in real-time. If a new requirement arises or an operating state becomes unavailable, for example, the system can be switched to another operating state. This allows for a practical implementation of the energy supply system's control concept.

[0045] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the heating operation can comprise at least one of the following states: an extraction mode, in which heat is drawn from the at least one latent heat storage device; a direct mode, in which heat is drawn from the at least one renewable energy source. Thus, the heating mode can draw the required energy from the energy source that is most suitable based on the season and the current state, in particular the thermal loading level, of the latent heat storage device.

[0046] Optionally, the heating operation may comprise a mixed operation in which heat is optionally obtained proportionally from the at least one latent heat storage device and / or the at least one renewable energy source.

[0047] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the preconditioning operation of the latent heat storage device can comprise at least: active precooling and / or passive precooling of the latent heat storage device, and regeneration of the latent heat storage device. In this way, the latent heat storage device can be suitably preconditioned based on current and possible future requirements, which may be seasonal or due to temporary consumer demands, in order to enable the most efficient operation of the energy supply system.

[0048] With active precooling, the load factor is reduced, for example, by extracting heat from the latent heat storage with a heat pump and dissipating the heat to the environment via an air-to-air heat exchanger. With passive precooling, the load factor is reduced, for example, by dissipating heat to the environment via an air-to-air heat exchanger. With regeneration, the load factor is increased, for example, by supplying heat from the renewable energy source or any building cooling system.

[0049] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the conditioning operation of the at least one renewable energy source can comprise at least one of the following: defrosting the at least one renewable energy source by means of a heat pump using the at least one latent heat storage device; defrosting the at least one renewable energy source by means of a heating water buffer storage device; defrosting the at least one renewable energy source by means of a heat generator, for example, a gas boiler. When using the renewable energy source, in particular an air register, the heat exchanger may become icy at low outside temperatures. Regular defrosting is therefore necessary.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, according to a favorable embodiment of the method, the cooling operation may comprise one or more of the following: natural cooling as pure cooling operation, natural cooling as cooling and heating operation, free cooling as pure cooling operation, free cooling as cooling and heating operation, active cooling as pure cooling operation, active cooling as cooling and heating operation.

[0051] This means that the cooling operation can obtain the required energy from the energy source that is most suitable depending on the season and the current state of the latent heat storage system.

[0052] Natural cooling involves transferring heat from the building and / or industrial process into the latent heat storage system. Here, the solidified storage medium of the latent heat storage system can be used for cooling.

[0053] Free cooling refers to the transfer of heat from the building and / or industrial process to the renewable energy source via a heat exchanger, such as an air cooler, dry cooler, or solar-air collector. Here, cold night air, for example, can be used for cooling.

[0054] Active cooling means that the heat is extracted from the building and / or the industrial process using the primary side of the heat pump and transferred to a heat sink, for example an air register, a dry cooler, a solar-air collector or a storage medium of the latent heat storage system.

[0055] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, a primary inlet temperature and / or primary outlet temperature of the heat pump can be controlled by means of at least one source mixer, which mixes a heat transfer fluid from the renewable energy source and from the at least one latent heat storage device, in particular via a mixer position. This allows the most efficient operation of the heat pump and the entire energy supply system to be achieved.

[0056] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, a secondary inlet temperature and / or secondary outlet temperature of the heat pump can be controlled by means of at least one high-pressure mixer, which can be controlled in particular via a mixer position. A minimum value for the secondary inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid supplied to the heat pump on the secondary side and / or a target temperature for the secondary outlet temperature of the heat pump can be controlled via the mixer position. This allows the most efficient and gentle operation of the heat pump and the entire energy supply system to be achieved.

[0057] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the at least one heat pump's high-pressure mixer can also be used to switch the heat pump's secondary side to a heat exchanger for heat dissipation during active cooling. For example, the waste heat can be fed from the renewable energy source, in particular an air register, via a residual heat pump and released into the environment. Speed ​​control of the residual heat pump can maintain the secondary inlet temperature and / or outlet temperature of the heat pump within an efficient and gentle temperature window.

[0058] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, a cooling flow temperature of a cooling water buffer tank or cooling circuit can be controlled by means of at least one cooling circuit controller, which is hydraulically connected to a first heat exchanger of the at least one latent heat accumulator, in particular via a flow control. In this way, the cooling water buffer tank or cooling circuit can be operated in the most favorable state possible.

[0059] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, a cooling target temperature can be set by means of a cooling circuit pump connected to the cooling circuit controller, in particular via a speed control. This allows the cooling operation to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

[0060] According to a favorable embodiment of the method, the available power of the at least one renewable energy source can be regulated by means of a residual heat pump, which is hydraulically connected to the renewable energy source and the high-pressure mixer, in particular via a speed control. In this way, the renewable energy source can also be efficiently used directly for the energy supply system.

[0061] According to a further aspect of the invention, an energy supply system for providing cooling power and / or heating power for at least one consumer is proposed, comprising at least (i) a renewable energy source, (ii) a latent heat accumulator with a phase change material as the storage medium, which is hydraulically connected to the at least one renewable energy source, (iii) a heat pump, (iv) a hydraulic device, (v) a control and / or regulating device, which is connected at least to the hydraulic device for adjusting operating states of the hydraulic device. The control and / or regulating device is designed to control and / or regulate at least one of the operating states of the hydraulic device depending at least on thermal loading limits of the latent heat accumulator.

[0062] The operating states comprise one or more of the following operating states: at least one preconditioning operation of the latent heat storage device, at least one cooling operation, at least one heating operation, at least one conditioning operation of the regenerative energy source.

[0063] The preconditioning operation of the at least one latent heat storage device comprises at least active precooling and / or passive precooling of the at least one latent heat storage device, regeneration of the at least one latent heat storage device.

[0064] In conditioning mode, defrosting of the regenerative energy source is achieved or icing of the regenerative energy source is prevented.

[0065] The control and / or regulating device is designed to set the thermal loading limits of the at least one latent heat storage device depending on a specific time interval.

[0066] The specific time interval is a season or a period within which certain consumer requirements exist, whereby dynamic loading and unloading limits are specified depending on the season or consumer requirements and can be used as setpoint values ​​for the control and / or regulation of the energy supply system.

[0067] According to a favorable design of the energy storage system, the heat pump can be coupled or couplable with its primary side to the renewable energy source and / or the latent heat storage and can be coupled or couplable with its secondary side to the renewable energy source and / or a heating water buffer storage.

[0068] According to a favorable embodiment of the energy storage system, the hydraulic device can have at least one source mixer for coupling the latent heat storage unit and the renewable energy source to the primary side of the heat pump. Advantageously, the hydraulic device can have at least one high-pressure mixer for coupling the renewable energy source and / or the heating water buffer tank to the secondary side of the heat pump.

[0069] According to a favorable embodiment of the energy storage system, the control and / or regulating device can be connected at least to the hydraulic device for adjusting operating states of the hydraulic device by means of the source mixer and the high-hold mixer.

[0070] The proposed energy supply system operates with at least one renewable energy source, such as a solar collector, air register, and the like, for a heat pump. A latent heat storage device in the form of an ice storage system is used as a buffer for the renewable energy source. The heat pump can optionally operate in conjunction with the renewable energy source, the latent heat storage device, in particular an ice storage system, or both.

[0071] Advantageously, the control and / or regulation device can find and set an optimal thermal load of the latent heat storage device depending at least on the thermal load limits of the latent heat storage device for a specific time of year or at specific time intervals. In this way, a high load with maximum efficiency can be achieved for heating operation of the heat pump, for example in winter or during a specific time interval in which heating is required, while ensuring efficient supply for year-round cooling operation. Furthermore, a low thermal load with high icing, for example in summer or during a specific time interval in which cooling is required, can be achieved for efficient natural cooling operation from the latent heat storage device. The necessary discharge of the latent heat storage device for cooling operation occurs by using the energy in heating operation.

[0072] The desired degree of icing can advantageously be determined depending on the season or a specific time interval. This allows for automated adjustment to the needs of the energy supply system. The optimal thermal loading for the season or a specific time interval is achieved through demand-oriented preconditioning for heating and / or cooling operation. The heat pump's source energy is provided through various operating modes in such a way that the latent heat storage system is kept as close as possible to its optimum. The thermal state of charge of the latent heat storage system can conveniently be continuously monitored for this purpose. The method for operating the energy storage system can therefore be supplemented with a conventional method for detecting the state of charge of latent heat storage systems.

[0073] Advantageously, the control and / or regulating device does not need to intervene in a separate heat pump control system that is usually present, allowing uninterrupted operation of the heat pump. This allows different types of heat pumps to be used without the need to adapt the heat pump control system. Depending on whether a primary-side circulation pump of the heat pump or a secondary-side circulation pump of the heat pump is controlled by the heat pump control system, the control and / or regulating device receives a corresponding signal from the heat pump control system indicating a request for heating and / or cooling operation.

[0074] The primary-side circulation pump of the heat pump and / or the secondary-side circulation pump of the heat pump can be integrated into the heat pump.

[0075] The energy supply system can be used for pure heating or pure cooling operation, but is particularly advantageous for systems with parallel heating and cooling operation. It is particularly advantageous to enable both heating and cooling.

[0076] It is advantageous to set a mixed operation of the energy sources in order to achieve the degree of icing of the latent heat storage as precisely as possible.

[0077] Furthermore, the high variability of operating modes and the considerable storage capacity of the latent heat storage system also allow for advantageous responses to external incentives. Examples of external incentives can be one or more incentives in the form of photovoltaic self-consumption by the heat pump, off-peak periods for heat pump operation, variable energy prices, energy markets, particularly control power, balancing group adjustment, or the like, utilization of an electrical distribution grid, weather forecasts and / or load forecasts, each of which identifies times of low or high consumption, favorable or unfavorable conditions for heat pump operation and / or for preconditioning the latent heat storage system, and peak loads in demand.

[0078] Optimised use of energy sources can also be achieved through combined and / or mixed operation.

[0079] After a favorable design of the energy supply system, a transition between thermal loading limits that are favorable seasonally or in the specific time interval can be achieved with a defined curve over time.

[0080] Advantageously, dynamic loading and discharging limits can be specified depending on the season or consumer requirements and used as setpoints for controlling and / or regulating the energy supply system. In this way, the latent heat storage system can be operated with a favorable, adjusted thermal load throughout the year, in contrast to the state of the art, where loading limits are defined only as constants.

[0081] Advantageously, a transition between the maximum and minimum thermal load limits can be achieved with a defined gradient. Mixed operation of the various energy sources can also be advantageously implemented. The defined curve and / or gradient can either be fixed or dynamically calculated.

[0082] According to a favorable design of the energy supply system, the control and / or regulating device can have a state machine for switching between different operating states.

[0083] The control and / or regulation device, in particular the state machine, can advantageously switch between different operating states based on further information. The state machine can perform a number of auxiliary functions. For example, it can fulfill a safety function by checking whether a minimum load level has been undercut. Furthermore, it can reinitialize in the event of a parameter change or a changed availability of an operating state or an external request. The state machine can evaluate the status of the heat pump, for example, whether the heat pump is out of operation, whether heating or cooling is in operation, or whether parallel heating and cooling are in operation. Furthermore, the load level of the latent heat storage system can be evaluated and whether regeneration, passive, or active pre-cooling is necessary.In addition, a function block can be provided to ensure manual operation of the power supply system. The state machine can determine whether an operating state is available. This check can be performed for each operating state based on an externally defined enable and / or depending on internal safety conditions.

[0084] For example, a controller's state, such as whether it is active or passive, can be determined based on passive (standby) or active criteria. When the controller is in a passive state, no setpoints for actuators are calculated. Processing a request is not necessary or is not permitted due to current temperatures. When the controller is in an active state, a request is processed, or setpoints for actuators are actively calculated. The active state of the controller can activate the determination of its state.

[0085] The state machine's output can be the operating state of the hydraulic system and the state of the controller. Actuator control can be implemented downstream.

[0086] According to a favorable embodiment of the energy supply system, input data of the control and / or regulating device, in particular of the state machine, can comprise at least one of the following: sensor data, in particular processed sensor data, a calculation of a thermal loading level of the latent heat storage device, one or more protective functions, a release control of the operating states, and input data of at least one user interface. Output data of the state machine can comprise at least one current phase of an operating state. Based on this information, the state machine can advantageously initiate a switch between different operating states.

[0087] According to a favorable embodiment of the energy supply system, the state machine can be configured to control at least one actuator, or an actuator matrix with at least one downstream controller for controlling at least one actuator. In particular, the state machine can be configured to specify the setpoint of at least one controller via the actuator matrix. In particular, a plurality of actuators of the energy supply system can be advantageously controlled via the outputs of the state machine as a result of the evaluation of the individual operating states and the loading level of the latent heat storage device in order to control and / or regulate the current operating state or to switch to another operating state.

[0088] The actuator matrix can define the setpoints of the actuators in the energy supply system, such as opening / closing valves, switching pumps on / off, and activating / deactivating a controller for the desired operating state. Advantageously, the actuator matrix can be designed so that it can be individually adapted to a specific energy supply system, thus enabling a customized configuration of the energy supply system.

[0089] According to a favorable embodiment of the energy supply system, a feedback of setpoint values ​​and / or actual values ​​of the at least one actuator to the control and / or regulating device, in particular to the state machine, can be provided.

[0090] In this way, feedback can advantageously take place between the current values ​​of actuators and the evaluation of the current operating state or the output values ​​of the state machine.

[0091] According to a favorable design of the energy supply system, a cooling circuit controller can be hydraulically coupled or connectable to a first heat exchanger of the latent heat storage system and a cooling water buffer tank or a cooling circuit. This allows cooling operation to be carried out as efficiently as possible. drawing

[0092] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations.

[0093] Examples include: Figure 1 shows a hydraulic diagram of an energy supply system for providing cooling power and / or heating power to a consumer according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 shows a functional sequence of a control and / or regulating device of the energy supply system according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 shows a diagram of thermal loading limits of a latent heat storage device over a seasonal course according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 shows an example of a selection of a heating mode or preconditioning mode using hysteresis related to thermal loading limits of a latent heat storage device; Figure 5 shows a flow diagram for the heating mode; Figure 6 shows a flow diagram for the preconditioning mode; Figure 7 shows a flow diagram for a conditioning mode of a renewable energy source; Figure 8 shows a flow diagram for a cooling mode;and Figure 9 shows a functional diagram of the control and / or regulating device according to an embodiment of the invention. ; Embodiments of the invention

[0094] In the figures, components of the same type or function are designated by the same reference numerals. The figures are merely examples and are not to be construed as limiting.

[0095] Before describing the invention in detail, it should be noted that it is not limited to the specific components of the device and the specific method steps, as these components and methods may vary. The terms used herein are intended solely to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Furthermore, when the singular or indefinite articles are used in the description or claims, this also refers to the plural of these elements, unless the overall context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0096] The directional terminology used below, including terms such as "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "before," "behind," "after," and the like, is intended solely to enhance understanding of the figures and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components and elements depicted, as well as their design and use, may vary according to the considerations of a person skilled in the art and may be adapted to specific applications.

[0097] Figure 1 shows a hydraulic diagram of an energy supply system 100 for providing cooling power and / or heating power to a consumer 102 according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0098] The energy supply system 100 comprises a renewable energy source 110, a latent heat storage device 120 with a phase-change material as the storage medium, which is designed in particular as an ice storage device, and a heat pump 130, the primary side of which is coupled to the renewable energy source 110 and / or the latent heat storage device 120, and the secondary side of which is coupled to the renewable energy source 110 and / or a heating water buffer storage device 150. The latent heat storage device 102 can also be composed of multiple latent heat storage devices. Likewise, the renewable energy source 110 can be composed of multiple energy sources.

[0099] The energy supply system 100 operates with at least one renewable energy source 110, such as a solar collector, air register, geothermal energy, waste heat, and the like, for a heat pump 130. The latent heat storage 120, particularly in the form of an ice storage tank, is used as an energy buffer for the renewable energy source. Optionally, for other temperature ranges, a different storage material with latent heat during a phase transition can be used instead of water, for example, paraffin.

[0100] The heat pump 130 can optionally work together with the renewable energy source 110, the ice storage 120 or both.

[0101] The energy supply system 100 can be used for pure heating operation at 240 or pure cooling operation at 220, but its advantages are particularly evident in systems with heating operation at 240 and cooling operation at 220. Heating and cooling can be operated particularly advantageously.

[0102] The latent heat storage unit 120 includes, for example, a first heat exchanger 122, which is hydraulically coupled to the renewable energy source 110, and a second heat exchanger 124, which is hydraulically coupled to the primary circuit of the heat pump 130. The first heat exchanger 122 functions as a regeneration heat exchanger for regenerating the latent heat storage unit 120, while the second heat exchanger 124 serves as an extraction heat exchanger.

[0103] The energy supply system 100 further comprises a hydraulic device 190, which has at least one source mixer 170 for coupling the latent heat storage 120 to the primary side of the heat pump 130, a hold-up mixer 172 for coupling the regenerative energy source 110 and / or the heating water buffer storage 150 to the secondary side of the heat pump 130, and a cooling circuit controller 174 for coupling the first heat exchanger 122 to a cooling water buffer storage 160.

[0104] By means of the source mixer 170, which mixes a heat transfer fluid from the regenerative energy source 110 and from the at least one latent heat storage device 120, a primary inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid supplied to the heat pump 130 on the primary side can be regulated, in particular via a mixer position.

[0105] By means of the high-pressure mixer 172, which mixes a heat transfer fluid from the renewable energy source 110 and from a heating water buffer tank 150, a secondary inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid supplied to the secondary side of the heat pump 130 can be regulated, in particular via a mixer position. The heat pump 130 has a primary-side pump 132 and a secondary-side pump 134, which are controlled by a heat pump control system (not specified in more detail) of the heat pump 130. The primary-side pump 132 and / or the secondary-side pump 134 can be integrated into the heat pump 130.

[0106] By means of the cooling circuit controller 174, which is in hydraulic connection with the first heat exchanger 122 of the one latent heat storage device 120, a cooling flow temperature of a cooling water buffer storage device 160 can be controlled, in particular via a flow control.

[0107] By means of a residual heat pump 176, which is hydraulically connected to the regenerative energy source 110 and the high-hold mixer 172, an available power of the at least one regenerative energy source 110 can be regulated, in particular via a speed control.

[0108] A regeneration pump 178 is provided, which pumps a return flow from the first heat exchanger 122 toward the regenerative energy source 110. Furthermore, a cooling circuit pump 180 is arranged between the cooling circuit controller 174 and the cooling water buffer tank 160 in the inlet of the cooling water buffer tank 160, while a further charging pump 182 is arranged in the return flow of the cooling water buffer tank 160. By means of the cooling circuit pump 180, which is connected to the cooling circuit controller 174, a cooling target temperature can be set, in particular via a speed control.

[0109] To supply the consumer 102 with heating power and / or cooling power via the heating water buffer tank 150 or the cooling water buffer tank 160, a switching valve 184 is arranged in the outlet of the heating water buffer tank 150 and the cooling water buffer tank 160.

[0110] Furthermore, for practical operation, a series of shut-off valves 186 are arranged in the hydraulic device 190, which are not described further.

[0111] Furthermore, the energy supply system 100 comprises a control and / or regulating device 140 which is connected at least to the hydraulic device 190 for setting operating states 200 of the hydraulic device 190 by means of the source mixer 170 and the high-hold mixer 172.

[0112] The control and / or regulating device 140 is designed to control and / or regulate an operating state 200 of at least one conditioning mode 210 of the regenerative energy source 110, a cooling mode 220, a preconditioning mode 230 of the latent heat storage device 120, or a heating mode 240, depending at least on thermal loading limits 402 of the latent heat storage device 120.

[0113] The control and / or regulating device 140 is designed to set the thermal loading limits 402 of the latent heat storage device 120 depending on a season t and for this purpose advantageously has a state machine 300 for switching between different operating states 200.

[0114] The control and / or regulation device 140 can determine a seasonally optimal loading of the latent heat storage device 120, depending at least on the thermal loading limits of the latent heat storage device 120, and set it in the latent heat storage device 120. This advantageously allows a high loading with maximum efficiency for heating operation of the heat pump 130 in winter, while still ensuring efficient supply for year-round cooling operation. Furthermore, a low loading with high icing in summer can be achieved for efficient natural cooling operation from the latent heat storage device 120. The necessary discharge of the latent heat storage device 120 for cooling operation 220 occurs by utilizing the energy in heating operation 240.

[0115] The desired degree of icing can advantageously be determined depending on the season t, as in Figure 3An automated adjustment to the needs of the energy supply system 100 takes place. The seasonally optimal loading is achieved through demand-oriented preconditioning for heating operation 240 and / or cooling operation 220, by providing the source energy of the heat pump 130 through various operating modes in such a way that the latent heat storage unit 120 is maintained at its optimum. The loading state of the latent heat storage unit 120 can and should be continuously monitored for this purpose. The operating method can therefore preferably be supplemented with a method for detecting the loading state of latent heat storage units.

[0116] The state machine 300 implemented in the control and / or regulating device 140 can advantageously switch between different operating states based on additional information. In doing so, the state machine 300 can perform a number of auxiliary functions. For example, it can fulfill a safety function by checking whether a minimum load level has been undershot. Furthermore, it can perform a reinitialization in the event of a parameter change or a changed availability of an operating state 200 or an external request.

[0117] The state machine 300 can evaluate the status of the heat pump 130, for example, whether the heat pump 130 is out of operation, whether a heating mode 240 or a cooling mode 220, or a parallel heating and cooling mode 242 is running. Furthermore, an evaluation of the loading level 400 of the latent heat storage unit 120 can be performed, and whether regeneration 233, passive or active pre-cooling 232, 231 is necessary. Furthermore, a function block can be provided to ensure manual operation of the energy supply system. The state machine 300 can decide whether an operating state 200 is available. This check can be performed for each operating state 200 based on an externally defined release and / or dependent on internal safety conditions. A determination of a state of a controller 330, for example, whether it is active or passive, can be made according to passive (standby) or active criteria.When the controller is in a passive state, no calculation of setpoints for actuators takes place. In this case, processing a request is not necessary or not permitted due to current temperatures. When controller 330 is in an active state, a request is processed or setpoints for actuators 3 are actively calculated. In this case, an active operating state 200 can activate the determination of its state. An output of state machine 300 can be an operating state 200 and the state of controller 330, whether it is active or passive. Implementation of a control of actuators 3 can take place downstream or in state machine 300.

[0118] Actuators 3 can in particular be pumps 176, 178, 180, 182, valves 174, 184, 186, mixers 170, 172, 184 in the hydraulic device 190.

[0119] Input data of the state machine 300 can include at least sensor data 302, in particular processed sensor data, a calculation 304 of the loading level 400 of the latent heat storage device 120, one or more protective functions 306, a release control 308 of the operating states 200, and input data from at least one user interface 310. Output data of the state machine 300 can include at least one current phase of an operating state 200.

[0120] The state machine 300 is for controlling an actuator control 340 or, alternatively, the direct control of at least one actuator 3 of the hydraulic device 190 (see Figure 9). The entire actuator control 340 can also be covered by the state machine 300. The actuator matrix 322, which at least belongs to the actuator control 340, can lead to the activation of at least one downstream controller 330 for controlling the at least one actuator 3, depending on the operating state 200. The calculated controller setpoints are assigned to the hydraulic device 190. Advantageously, a feedback of setpoint specifications and / or actual values ​​of the at least one actuator 3 to the state machine 300 can be provided via a feedback loop 342.

[0121] Figure 2 shows a functional sequence of a control and / or regulating device 140 of the energy supply system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0122] The proposed method for operating the energy supply system 100 for supplying the consumer 102 provides that the control and / or regulating device 140 controls and / or regulates an operating state 200 of at least one conditioning mode 210 of the regenerative energy source 110, a cooling mode 220, a preconditioning mode 230 of the latent heat storage device 120, and a heating mode 240 depending at least on thermal loading limits 402 of the latent heat storage device 120.

[0123] After the Figure 2 For this purpose, an initialization 250 can first be performed according to the procedure shown. For this purpose, safe operation can be set, for example, upon start-up or voltage recovery, for example, after a power failure, or an error has occurred in the energy supply system 100. In the event of an error or if a required operating state cannot be operated, the heat pump 130 can be locked.

[0124] Processing of requests to the energy supply system 100 can then take place according to a priority of the operating states 200.

[0125] In step S102, a check is made to determine whether a defrost request exists and whether the conditioning mode 210 of at least one regenerative energy source 110 is available. If this is the case, the conditioning mode 210, here, for example, defrost mode, can be set.

[0126] If this is not the case, a check can be made in step S104 to determine whether a cooling request exists and whether cooling mode 220 is available. If this is the case, cooling mode 220 can be discontinued.

[0127] If this is not the case, a check can be performed in step S106 to determine whether a thermal loading level 400 of the latent heat storage unit 120 is inadmissible for heating mode 240 or cooling mode 220 and whether the at least one heat pump 130 is out of operation. If this is the case, the preconditioning mode 230 of the latent heat storage unit 120 can be discontinued.

[0128] If this is not the case and there are no other requirements and heating mode 240 is available, heating mode 240 can be set.

[0129] If new requirements arise or the respective operating state is no longer available, a check can be made again in step S100 to determine whether a new operating state has been found. If this is the case, the loop is run again with step S102. If this is not the case, the system switches to the initialization operating state 250.

[0130] In Figure 3A diagram of thermal loading limits 402 of a latent heat storage device 120 over a seasonal course t is shown according to an embodiment of the invention. The diagram represents a loading level 400 of the latent heat storage device 120 for favorable operation of the energy supply system 100 in percent (%) as a function of time t over one year.

[0131] The thermal loading limits 402 of the latent heat storage device 120 can be specified depending on a season t. Advantageously, dynamic thermal loading limits 412 and discharge limits 414 can be specified depending on season t or on the requirements of the consumer and used as setpoint specifications for the control and / or regulation of the energy supply system 100.

[0132] In this way, the latent heat storage system 120 can be operated throughout the year with a favorable, adjusted thermal load, in contrast to the prior art, in which loading limits are defined as constants. Mixed operation of the various energy sources can also be advantageously implemented. The transition between thermal loading limits, such as minimum and maximum loading limits, can be achieved using a defined curve. For example, a gradient can be specified and maintained when transitioning between different thermal loading limits.

[0133] In Figure 3The thermal loading limits of a latent heat storage system are plotted over time t. A one-year curve is shown as an example. For example, a heating period 420 lasts from January to the end of March. A cooling period 430 lasts approximately from May to September. The heating period 440 begins approximately in November and lasts until the end of the year. These periods are, of course, only example periods.

[0134] The loading limits of the latent heat storage device 120 are a minimum thermal loading level 410 and a maximum thermal loading level 416. The control and regulating device 140 secures the application range of the latent heat storage device 120 resulting from the minimum thermal loading level 410 and the maximum thermal loading level 416, in particular by means of at least one preconditioning operation 230. For example, a loading 450 takes place by regenerating the latent heat storage device 120 near the minimum loading level 410 and a discharging 460 takes place by precooling at the latest near the maximum loading level 416. To select the operating state from preconditioning operation 230 and heating operation 240, a dynamic thermal loading limit 412 and a dynamic thermal discharging limit 414 are further defined, for example.

[0135] In the heating period 420, 440, the dynamic loading limit 412 and the dynamic discharge limit 414 are close to each other and close to the maximum loading level 416. The high selected dynamic loading limit 412 ensures that the latent heat storage unit 120 is always loaded to the maximum in order to ensure that the heating load of the consumer 102 is covered.

[0136] If the current thermal loading level of the latent heat storage device 120 falls below the dynamic loading limit 412 minus hysteresis, loading occurs through regeneration using the at least one renewable energy source 110. In the transition periods between the heating periods 420, 440 and the cooling period 430, the dynamic loading limit 412 and the dynamic discharge limit 414 run along a transition curve. The transition curve between the heating period 420 and the cooling period 430 leads to extraction operation when heating is required. By using the energy of the latent heat storage device 120 to heat the heating water buffer tank 150 by the heat pump 130, the minimum possible thermal loading level 410 is achieved at the beginning of the cooling period 430. The high degree of icing of the latent heat storage 120 set in this way serves to cover the cooling load arising in the cooling period 430.If increasing cooling operation 220 leads to an increase in the current thermal loading level 412 above the dynamic discharge limit 414 plus hysteresis, the latent heat storage 120 is discharged to restore the original loading state of the latent heat storage 120. The transition curve between the cooling period 430 and the heating period 440 leads to increased regeneration operation 233. By charging the latent heat storage 420, the maximum possible thermal loading level 410 is again achieved at the beginning of the heating period 440.

[0137] The dynamic loading limit 412 and the dynamic discharging limit 414 can be selected as favorable specifications for efficient operation of the energy supply system 100 by the control and / or regulating device 140.

[0138] Figure 4shows an example of a possible thermal loading level 400 of the latent heat storage 120 in percent (%) and the resulting control of a heating operation 240 and / or a preconditioning operation 230 over time t corresponding to a specific time interval.

[0139] The diagram shows various hystereses: a start hysteresis 500 for active pre-cooling, a start hysteresis 502 for passive pre-cooling, a stop hysteresis 504 for extraction mode, a stop hysteresis 506 for regeneration, and a start hysteresis 508 for regeneration. Furthermore, the dynamic discharge limit 414 and the dynamic loading limit 412 are defined.

[0140] The current thermal loading level 400 starts at the level of the stop hysteresis 504 for extraction mode and increases. At point 510, extraction mode starts, during which heat is extracted from the latent heat storage device 120. The thermal loading level 400 increases briefly and then continues to fall. At point 512, mixed operation starts, during which heat is extracted either from the at least one renewable energy source 110 or from the at least one latent heat storage device 120, thus ending extraction mode. The thermal loading level 400 continues to fall. At point 514, regeneration of the at least one latent heat storage device 120 starts, thus ending heating mode. The thermal loading level 400 falls briefly and then increases again. At point 516, mixed operation starts, thus ending regeneration. The at least one latent heat storage device 120 can be described as sufficiently thermally charged with respect to the defined limits and hystereses.

[0141] The thermal loading factor 400 continues to rise. At point 518, the passive precooling of at least one latent heat storage device 120 begins. At point 520, the passive precooling ends and the active precooling begins. The thermal loading factor 400 rises briefly and then falls. At point 522, the active precooling ends. The thermal loading factor 400 continues to fall, only to rise again later. At point 524, the passive precooling starts again. The thermal loading factor 400 decreases again. At point 526, the passive precooling ends.

[0142] In Figure 5A flow chart for heating operation 240 is shown. Heating operation 240 comprises three states: an extraction operation 241, in which heat is drawn from the at least one latent heat storage device 120 and supplied to the heat pump 130, a mixed operation 242, in which heat is optionally drawn from the at least one latent heat storage device 120 and / or the at least one renewable energy source 110 and supplied to the heat pump 130, and a direct operation 243, in which heat is drawn from the at least one renewable energy source 110 and supplied to the heat pump 130. In step S500, it is checked whether extraction operation 241 is possible. A change to mixed operation 242 from extraction operation 241 is then possible depending on the current thermal loading level 400. If mixed operation 242 or withdrawal operation 241 is no longer available during operation or upon initial request, it is possible to switch to direct operation 243.

[0143] In Figure 6 A flow chart for the preconditioning operation 230 is shown. The preconditioning operation 230 of the at least one latent heat accumulator 120 comprises at least one active precooling 231 of the latent heat accumulator 120, one passive precooling 232 of the at least one latent heat accumulator 120, and one regeneration 233 of the at least one latent heat accumulator 120. In step S602, the decision can be made between a precooling operation 231, 232 and a regeneration operation 233. In the precooling operation 231, 232, a decision can be made in step S600 between the active precooling 231 and the passive precooling 232. The outputs of the individual operating states 231, 232 and 233 can be combined in steps S604 and S606, respectively, and in this way the preconditioning operation 230 of the latent heat accumulator 120 can be exited.

[0144] In Figure 7A flowchart for the conditioning mode 210, here defrost mode, is shown. The conditioning mode 210 of the at least one renewable energy source 110 comprises defrosting by means of the heat pump 30 using the latent heat storage unit 120 as a source for the heat pump 130 or defrosting the at least one renewable energy source 110 by means of a heating water buffer tank 150. In step S700, a decision can be made as to which of the two defrost modes 211, 212 will be pursued first. Switching between the two defrost modes 211, 212 is possible if unavailable.

[0145] In Figure 8A flow chart for a cooling operation 220 is shown. The cooling operation 220 comprises at least natural cooling as pure cooling operation 221, natural cooling as cooling and heating operation 222, free cooling as pure cooling operation 223, free cooling as cooling and heating operation 224, active cooling as pure cooling operation 225, and active cooling as cooling and heating operation 226.

[0146] In step S800, a decision can be made as to whether active cooling 225, 226, natural cooling 221, 222, or free cooling 223, 234 should be pursued. In steps S802, S804, and S806, a decision is made as to which of the two states—natural cooling as pure cooling mode 221, or natural cooling as cooling and heating mode 222 (S802), or free cooling as pure cooling mode 223, or free cooling as cooling and heating mode 224 (S804), or as active cooling 225, or active cooling with parallel cooling and heating mode 226 (S806)—is to be pursued.

[0147] The outputs of the individual operating states 223, 224 and 221, 222 can be combined in steps S808 and S810 respectively and passed on accordingly.

[0148] Figure 9 shows a functional diagram of the control and / or regulating device 140 according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0149] The control and / or regulating device 140 has a state machine 300 which switches between different operating states 200 of the hydraulic device 190.

[0150] Input data of the state machine 300 include at least sensor data 302, in particular processed sensor data, a calculation 304 of the loading level 400 of the latent heat storage device 120, one or more protective functions 306, and a release control 308 of the operating states 200.

[0151] Furthermore, further parameters can be fed into the state machine 300 as input data of at least one user interface 310 as well as further requests or additional external data 312.

[0152] Output data of the state machine 300 comprise at least one current phase of an operating state 200.

[0153] The state machine 300 is designed to control at least one actuator control 340 or, alternatively, to directly control an actuator 3 of the hydraulic device 190, so that the entire actuator control 340 can also be covered by the state machine 300.

[0154] The actuator matrix 322, which at least belongs to the actuator control 340, can, depending on the operating state 200, lead to the activation of at least one downstream controller 330 for controlling the at least one actuator 3. The calculated controller setpoints are assigned to the hydraulic device 190.

[0155] In a feedback loop 342, setpoint specifications and / or actual values ​​of the at least one actuator 3 can be fed back to the state machine 300. Reference symbol

[0156] 100Energy supply system 102Consumer 110Renewable energy source 120Latent heat storage 122First heat exchanger 124Second heat exchanger 130Heat pump 132Primary circulation pump 134Secondary circulation pump 140Control and regulation device 150Heating water buffer tank 160Cooling water buffer tank 170Source mixer 172High-pressure mixer 174Cooling circuit controller 176Residual heat pump 178Regeneration pump 180Cooling circuit pump 182Cooling buffer loading pump 184Changeover valve 186Shut-off valve 190Hydraulic device 200Operating state 210Conditioning operation of the renewable energy source 211Defrosting using latent heat storage 212Defrosting using heating water buffer tank 220Cooling mode 221Natural cooling Cooling mode 222Natural cooling with parallel cooling and heating operation 223Free cooling Cooling mode 224Free cooling with parallel cooling and heating operation 225Active cooling Cooling mode 226Active cooling with parallel cooling and heating operation 230Preconditioning mode of theLatent heat storage 231 Active pre-cooling 232 Passive pre-cooling 233 Regeneration 240 Heating operation 241 Extraction operation 242 Parallel heating and cooling operation 243 Direct operation 250 Initialization 300 State machine 302 Sensor data 304 Calculation of load level 306 Protection functions 308 Release control of operating states 310 User interface 312 External request 3 Actuator 322 Actuator matrix 330 Controller 340 Actuator control 342 Feedback loop 400 Load level 402 Load limit 410 Minimum load level 412 Dynamic load limit 414 Dynamic discharge limit 416 Maximum load level 420 End of heating period 430 Cooling period 440 Start of heating period 450Loading by regeneration 460Discharging by pre-cooling 500Start hysteresis active pre-cooling 502Stop hysteresis passive pre-cooling 504Stop hysteresis extraction mode 506Stop hysteresis regeneration 508Start hysteresis regeneration 510Start extraction mode 512Start mixed operation / stop extraction mode 514Start regeneration 516Stop regeneration 518StartPassive precooling 520 Start active precooling 522 Stop active precooling 524 Start passive precooling 526 Stop passive precooling S100 Check new operating state S102 Check defrost request S104 Check cooling request S106 Check load level admissibility S500 Check extraction mode or direct operation S600 Decision active or passive precooling S602 Decision precooling mode or regeneration mode S604 Check end of operating state S606 Check end of operating state S700 Check end of operating state S800 Decision active or natural cooling S802 Decision natural cooling with or without heating mode S804 Decision free cooling with or without heating mode S806 Decision active cooling with or without parallel cooling and heating mode S808 Check end of operating state S810 Check end of operating state

Claims

1. Method for operating an energy supply system (100) for supplying energy to at least one load (102), wherein the energy supply system (100) comprises in each case at least - one open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140), - one renewable energy source (110), - one latent heat store (120) having a phase-change material as storage medium, which latent heat store is hydraulically connected to the at least one renewable energy source (110), and - one heat pump (130), which interact via a hydraulic device (190) the operating states (200) of which are set by the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140), wherein one or more of the following operating states (200) are comprised: a) preconditioning operation (230) of the at least one latent heat store (120), wherein the preconditioning operation (230) of the at least one latent heat store (120) comprises at least - actively precooling (231) and / or passively precooling (232) the at least one latent heat store (120), - regenerating (233) the at least one latent heat store (120); b) cooling operation (220), c) heating operation (240), d) conditioning operation (210) of the renewable energy source (110), wherein during the conditioning operation the renewable energy source is defrosted or the renewable energy source is prevented from icing, wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) performs open-loop and / or closed-loop control for at least one of the operating states (200) based at least on thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120), characterized in that the thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120) are predefined based on at least one specific time interval (t), wherein a specific time interval (t) is a season of the year or a period of time during which there are particular demands on the load, and wherein dynamic loading limits (402) and unloading limits are predefined based on seasons of the year or on demands on the load and are used as setpoint value specifications for the open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the energy supply system.

2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120) are predefined based on at least one specific time interval (t) and a transition takes place between thermal loading limits which are operationally expedient in that season of the year or in the specific time interval using a defined curve characteristic over time.

3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140), in particular a state machine (300) of the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140), switches between different operating states (200) of the hydraulic device (190).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein input data for the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140), in particular the state machine (300), comprise at least - sensor data (302), in particular processed sensor data, - a calculation (304) of a degree of thermal loading (400) of the at least one latent heat store (120), - enable control (308) of the operating states (200), - input data from at least one user interface (310), and wherein output data from the state machine (300) comprise at least one present phase of an operating state (200), in particular wherein the output data from the state machine (300) are used for actuating at least one actuator (3) or for actuating an actuator matrix (322) having at least one controller (330) for actuating at least one actuator (3).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein demands on the energy supply system (100) are processed according to a priority of the operating states (200), at least comprising one or more of the following actions - setting conditioning operation (210) of the at least one renewable energy source (110) if there is a demand for conditioning and the conditioning operation (210) is available, otherwise - setting cooling operation (220) if there is a demand for cooling and the cooling operation (220) is available, otherwise - setting preconditioning operation (230) of the at least one latent heat store (120) if the degree of thermal loading (400) of the at least one latent heat store (120) is impermissible for the operation (210, 220, 240), in particular lies outside of permissible loading limits, and the at least one heat pump (130) is out of operation; otherwise - setting heating operation (240) if no other demands exist and the heating operation (240) is available.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating operation (240) comprises at least one of the states - withdrawal operation (241) during which heat is drawn from the at least one latent heat store (120), - direct operation (243) during which heat is drawn from the at least one renewable energy source (110), in particular wherein the heating operation (240) comprises mixed operation (242) during which heat is drawn selectively from the at least one latent heat store (120) or the at least one renewable energy source (110).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conditioning operation (210) of the at least one renewable energy source (110) comprises at least one of the following - defrosting (211) the at least one renewable energy source (110) by means of a heat pump (130) using the at least one latent heat store (120), - defrosting (212) the at least one renewable energy source (110) by means of a hot-water buffer store (150), - defrosting (212) the at least one renewable energy source (110) by means of a heat generator.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one source mixer (170) which mixes a heat-carrier fluid from the renewable energy source (110) and from the at least one latent heat store (120) is used to control a primary entry temperature and / or primary exit temperature of the heat pump (130), - and / or wherein at least one maintaining mixer (172) which mixes a heat-carrier fluid from the renewable energy source (110) and from a hot-water buffer store (150) is used to control a secondary entry temperature and / or secondary exit temperature of the heat pump (130).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cooling-circuit controller (174) which is hydraulically connected to a first heat exchanger (122) of the at least one latent heat store (120) is used to control an initial cooling temperature of a cooling-water buffer store (160) or cooling circuit, in particular wherein a cooling-circuit pump (180) which is connected to the cooling-circuit controller (174), in particular via a speed control system, is used to set a cooling setpoint temperature.

10. Method according to either of Claims 8 and 9, wherein a residual heat pump (176) which is hydraulically connected to the renewable energy source (110) and the maintaining mixer (172) is used to control an available capacity of the at least one renewable energy source (110).

11. Energy supply system (100) for providing cooling capacity and / or heating capacity for at least one load (102), comprising in each case at least (i) one renewable energy source (110), (ii) one latent heat store (120) having a phase-change material as storage medium, which latent heat store is hydraulically connected to the at least one renewable energy source (110), and (iii) one heat pump (130), (iv) one hydraulic device (190), (v) one open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) which is connected at least to the hydraulic device (190) in order to set operating states (200) of the hydraulic device (190), wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) is designed to perform open-loop and / or closed-loop control for at least one of the operating states (200) of the hydraulic device (190) based at least on thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120), wherein one or more of the following operating states (200) are comprised: a) preconditioning operation (230) of the at least one latent heat store (120), wherein the preconditioning operation (230) of the at least one latent heat store (120) comprises at least - actively precooling (231) and / or passively precooling (232) the at least one latent heat store (120), - regenerating (233) the at least one latent heat store (120), b) cooling operation (220), c) heating operation (240), d) conditioning operation (210) of the renewable energy source (110), wherein during the conditioning operation the renewable energy source is defrosted or the renewable energy source is impeded or prevented from icing, characterized in that the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) is designed to set the thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120) based on a specific time interval (t), wherein the specific time interval (t) is a season of the year or a period of time during which there are particular demands on the load, wherein dynamic loading limits (402) and unloading limits are predefined based on seasons of the year or on demands on the load and are able to be used as setpoint value specifications for the open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the energy supply system.

12. Energy supply system according to Claim 11, wherein the primary side of the heat pump (130) is coupled or able to be coupled to the renewable energy source (110) and / or to the latent heat store (120) and the secondary side of the heat pump is coupled or able to be coupled to the renewable energy source (110) and / or to at least one hot-water buffer store (150) and / or to at least one heating circuit and / or the hydraulic device (190) has at least one source mixer (170) for coupling the at least one latent heat store (120) and the renewable energy source (110) to the primary side of the heat pump (130) and / or the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) is connected at least to the hydraulic device (190) in order to set the operating states (200) of the hydraulic device (190) by means of the source mixer (170) and the maintaining mixer (172) and / or wherein the hydraulic device (190) has at least one maintaining mixer (172) in order to couple the renewable energy source (110) and / or the hot-water buffer store (150) to the secondary side of the heat pump (130).

13. Energy supply system according to Claim 11 or 12, wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) is designed to set the thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120) based on a specific time interval (t) and a transition takes place between thermal loading limits which are operationally expedient in that season of the year or in the specific time interval using a defined curve characteristic over time.

14. Energy supply system according to one of Claims 11 to 13, wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) is designed to set the thermal loading limits (402) of the at least one latent heat store (120) based on a specific time interval (t) and / or wherein the open-loop and / or closed-loop control device (140) has a state machine (300) for switching between different operating states (200).

15. Energy supply system according to one of Claims 11 to 14, wherein a cooling-circuit controller (174) is hydraulically coupled or able to be coupled to a first heat exchanger (122) of the at least one latent heat store (120) and to a cooling-water buffer store (160) or to a cooling circuit.