CONTROL UNIT AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A HEAT GENERATION PLANT OF AN ENERGY SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a control unit according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of patent claim 11.

[0002] Energy systems, such as a city, an industrial area, or a building, are characterized by decentralized generation of electrical and thermal energy. Furthermore, energy systems can exchange electrical or thermal energy with external supply networks, such as electricity grids or heating networks.

[0003] Typically, energy systems for providing heat, for example, to meet an internal heat demand, have one or more heat generation plants. These can obtain electrical and / or thermal energy from the respective supply networks and thus provide the required heat or heat output for the energy system.

[0004] Furthermore, energy systems can be integrated into a local energy market. In this case, the allocation of energy occurs via the aforementioned local energy market, which consolidates and coordinates purchase and sales offers for various forms of energy, particularly electrical and thermal energy. The local energy market is technically implemented by a control platform that manages the energy exchange between the energy systems. Such a control platform (energy market, energy market platform, trading platform) is known, for example, from document EP 3518369 A1.

[0005] The problem with integrating heat generation plants into such a local energy market is that their operation is independent of their capacity utilization. Only the maximum capacity of the respective heat generation plant may not be exceeded. However, the coefficient of performance of typical heat generation plants depends on their capacity utilization. In particular, high capacity utilization is desirable for heat pumps in order to convert electrical energy into thermal energy or heat as efficiently as possible. At the same time, however, other secondary technical requirements, such as the lowest possible carbon dioxide emissions during operation, must be taken into account. Therefore, it can still be disadvantageous to operate every plant in the energy system at the highest possible capacity.

[0006] The document US 2020 / 0049381 Al concerns energy systems, in particular energy systems for heating and cooling multiple buildings on a campus or energy community.

[0007] The document DE 10 2019 214132 A1 relates to a method for operating a network management system for a local energy network, in which at least one operating strategy for an energy storage device of an electrical device of the local energy network is determined by means of an electronic computing device of the network management system as a function of a decision criterion.

[0008] The document US 2018 / 320907 A1 concerns heat pumps, in particular decentralised heat pump networks within a district heating network.

[0009] The document KR 102 145 060 B1 concerns a heat supply control system for controlling decentralised distributed heat sources.

[0010] The present invention is based on the object of improving the efficiency of heat generation by means of a heat generation plant of an energy system, in particular with regard to carbon dioxide emissions of the energy system.

[0011] The object is achieved by a control unit having the features of independent patent claim 1 and by a method having the features of independent patent claim 11. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims.

[0012] The control unit according to the invention for controlling the operation of a heat generation system of an energy system, in particular of a building, wherein the energy system is connected to a heating network, and by means of the control unit a feeding and / or feeding out of a heat output into the heating network can be controlled, wherein the feeding in a weighting g e,t , with the feed-out a weighting g d,t and with heat generation by the heat generation plant a weighting g i,t is characterized in that the control unit is designed to: excess heat output P excess , t th from the difference between a maximum heat output P max , t th the heat generation plant and a heat output required for the energy system P demand , t th to determine the heat generation plant to provide the required heat output P demand , t th in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t and the excess heat output generated by the heat generation plant at these times P excess , t th to be fed into the heating network.

[0013] In the following, the relative terms "internal" and "external" are always to be understood with reference to the energy system. In other words, the terms "internal" and "external" and the terms "internal to the energy system" and "external to the energy system" are equivalent.

[0014] In this case, heat output and heat quantity are considered equivalent, since a constant or varying heat output within a time period is always associated with a corresponding heat quantity within this time period.

[0015] Basically, time-dependent quantities are preferably represented with an index t marked.

[0016] In the discrete case, a point in time can indicate a time range. For example, a time range of 15 minutes is assigned an index t and thus assigned a point in time in the sense of the present invention.

[0017] Furthermore, a point in time or a time range is referred to as efficient in the sense of the present invention if the inequality P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t is fulfilled. The succession of several points in time can characterize a new contiguous time range, which is also efficient within the meaning of the present invention.

[0018] From a structural perspective, the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report in particular defines an energy system as: "All components related to the production, transformation, delivery and use of energy" (see Annex I, page 1261).

[0019] The energy system is in particular a city, a district, a municipality, a residential area, a campus, a building, a residential building, an office building, an industrial area, an industrial plant and / or any other structural structure that can be defined with regard to energy conversion, energy supply and / or energy use.

[0020] The energy system may comprise one or more of the following components as energy-technical installations: power generators, combined heat and power plants, in particular combined heat and power plants, gas boilers, diesel generators, heat pumps, compression chillers, absorption chillers, pumps, district heating networks, energy transfer lines, wind turbines or wind power plants, photovoltaic systems, biomass plants, biogas plants, waste incineration plants, industrial plants, conventional power plants and / or the like.

[0021] The energy system is connected to an electrical supply network (power grid) and a thermal supply network (heating network). The control unit according to the invention can be used to control the supply and / or discharge of heat from the energy system to the heating network or from the heating network to the energy system. In other words, the control unit according to the invention is designed to control the heat exchange between the energy system and the heating network, in particular between the energy system and the heating network and between the energy system and the power grid.

[0022] The heating network is preferably designed as a district heating network and / or local heating network.

[0023] Furthermore, at least a portion of the fed-in heat is generated by the heat generation system. In particular, the heat generation system converts electrical energy into heat. In other words, the heat generation system generates heat that can be provided internally and / or externally. To this end, the heat generation system can absorb heat at a specific temperature level from the heating network, the ground, and / or the ambient air in order to provide heat at a higher temperature level using electrical energy, for example from the power grid. The heat provided by the heat generation system can, in principle, be used internally and / or fed back into the heating network, i.e., used externally.The control unit according to the invention is thus designed to control the internal and / or external provision of heat by the heat generation plant and / or its internal and / or external use (feed into the heat network).

[0024] According to the present invention, the feed into the heating network involves a weighting g e,t , with the feed-in from the heating network a weighting g d,t and with heat generation by the heat generation plant a weighting g i,t In other words, feed-in, feed-out, and internal heat generation are each assigned a weighting. The weightings describe secondary parameters associated with feed-in, feed-out, and heat generation, such as specific carbon dioxide emissions.

[0025] The control unit can include the weightings, for example, in the form of a data storage. Alternatively or additionally, the weightings can be provided to the control unit by another unit of the energy system. External provision is also provided. The weightings preferably have any positive values.

[0026] To explain the weightings and their technical significance, they are typically and exemplarily, but not restrictively, expressed as specific carbon dioxide emissions. Within a time range, the weightings are expressed in kg (CO2) per kW or, if they refer to an amount of energy / heat, in kg (CO2) per kWh. In other words, a specific carbon dioxide emission is associated with the feed-in, the feed-out, and the internal heat generation by the heat generation plant.

[0027] A basic concept of the present invention is that, in principle, the required heat output (internal heat demand) can be covered by the heat generation plant and / or by feeding it from the heating network. If the required heat output can be fully covered by the heat generation plant, the heat generation plant can generate additional heat until it reaches its capacity, i.e., provide the excess heat output. The excess heat output is fed into the heating network.

[0028] An essential finding of the present invention is that, for example with regard to the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy system, it is advantageous to operate the heat generation plant at full capacity and feed in the excess heat output if the inequality P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t is fulfilled. In other words, it is advantageous to operate the heat generation plant in efficient times or time ranges within the meaning of the present invention. For this purpose, for each t The control unit checks at a specific time or time range whether the condition P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t is met. If this condition is met, the control unit sends a control signal to the heat generation system, causing it to start generating heat at full load.

[0029] If the weights are carbon dioxide emissions, the left term corresponds to P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t the carbon dioxide emissions associated with fully sourcing the required heat output from the external heating grid. The right-hand term of the required inequality corresponds to the carbon dioxide emissions associated with internal coverage (heat generation by the heat generation plant) of the required heat output and with feeding the excess heat output into the heating grid. Since these emissions symbolically flow away from the energy system, the feed-in term has a negative sign.Technically, the required inequality or condition thus ensures that in the case of carbon dioxide emissions, internal heat generation to cover the required heat output occurs when the carbon dioxide balance for the energy system - assuming that the heat generation plant is operated at full load (full capacity) - is better, i.e. lower than if the required heat output is covered by external procurement from the heating network.

[0030] In other words, the heat generation plant is operated to cover the internal heat load in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t In the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t < P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t However, the required heat output is taken from the external heating network. The heat pump is therefore not operated during these time steps.

[0031] In other words, the control unit is designed to control the heat generation plant according to a first and second operating mode. The first operating mode is P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t Here, heat is generated by the heat generation plant at full capacity and the excess heat is fed into the heating network. The second operating mode is characterized by P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t < P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t The required heat is obtained from the heating network, i.e., fed from it or extracted from it. The first operating mode is thus a generation mode, and the second operating mode is a consumption mode of the heat generation system. The control unit is designed to determine the respective operating mode or to switch between the generation mode and the consumption mode.

[0032] Advantageously, the two operating modes provided by the invention allow the heat generation plant to be operated at full capacity and thus as energy-efficiently as possible, while at the same time minimizing a parameter of the energy system associated with the weighting, such as its carbon dioxide emissions. The weightings can also be pollutant parameters, such as nitrogen oxide emissions or other greenhouse gases, or indicate the availability of renewable energies associated with the feed-in, feed-out, and / or generation of heat. Furthermore, a remuneration, such as a carbon dioxide price, could also be used as the respective weighting.

[0033] In the case of carbon dioxide emissions, the present invention improves the CO2 footprint of the energy system with regard to its heat generation and also operates the heat generation plant more efficiently. In the case of the availability of renewable energies, the energy system can react more effectively to fluctuations in the renewable energy generated by means of the control unit according to the invention and can symbolically follow these fluctuations and thus the renewable generation.

[0034] In other words, the heat generation system can be operated with the highest possible efficiency without any loss of internal (heat) comfort and, in addition, the highest possible utilization of the heat pump can be achieved.

[0035] The method according to the invention for controlling the operation of a heat generation plant of an energy system, in particular of a building, wherein the energy system is connected to a heating network, and by means of a control unit, the feeding and / or feeding out of a heat output into the heating network can be controlled, wherein the feeding in is a weighting g e,t , with the feed-out a weighting g d,t and with heat generation by the heat generation plant a weighting g i,t is associated, is characterized by the fact that excess heat output P excess , t th from the difference between a maximum heat output P max , t th the heat generation plant and a heat output required for the energy system P demand , t th is determined; the heat generation plant to provide the required heat output P demand , t th is operated in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t and the excess heat output generated by the heat generation plant (4) at these times P excess , t th is fed into the heating network.

[0036] The method according to the invention and / or one or more functions, features and / or steps of the method according to the invention and / or one of its embodiments can be computer-aided.

[0037] Similar and equivalent advantages and embodiments of the method according to the invention result in the control unit according to the invention.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t a pollutant quantity or an environmental quantity, in particular a greenhouse quantity.

[0039] This can advantageously improve the energy efficiency through the full utilization of the heat generation plant as well as the efficiency of the energy system with regard to the respective pollutant, for example nitrogen oxides, or the efficiency of the energy system with regard to the respective environmental variable, for example greenhouse gases, to cover the internal heat demand. The energy system thus becomes synergistically more efficient with regard to the generation of heat and with regard to the reduction of pollutant and / or environmental variables. Mixed weightings can be provided, for example in the form of a product of the individual weightings. Furthermore, the weightings are typically specific, i.e. related to a heat output (mass per output) or heat quantity (mass per energy). The weightings thus indicate the specific emission (in mass) of the respective pollutant, environmental variable and / or greenhouse gas.

[0040] In an advantageous development of the invention, the weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t each with a specific carbon dioxide emission.

[0041] In other words, the respective specific carbon dioxide emissions are used for the weightings. This advantageously makes the energy system more efficient in terms of heat generation—due to the possibility of full-load operation—and in terms of its carbon dioxide emissions.

[0042] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat generation system is designed as a heat pump with a performance coefficient COP t formed, wherein the control unit is designed to determine the maximum heat output from a maximum electrical output of the heat pump by means of P max , t th = COP t ⋅ P max , t el to determine.

[0043] In other words, the maximum heat output of the heat pump is determined by the maximum electrical power it draws from the power grid to generate or provide heat or heat output. At times when operation is more efficient, i.e. P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t , the heat pump is thus operated essentially at full capacity, i.e., it consumes its maximum electrical power. The heat pump thus provides essentially its maximum heat output, operating at the aforementioned times or time ranges that are efficient within the meaning of the present invention to cover the required heat output (internal heat demand), and the excess heat output is fed into the heating network. The output of the heat pump can preferably be controllable by the control unit.

[0044] In an advantageous development of the invention, the control unit is designed to receive at least one measured value of an outside temperature T t from a measuring unit of the energy system and from this the coefficient of performance COPt = COPt(Tt) depending on the outside temperature T t to determine.

[0045] Advantageously, this takes into account the temperature-dependent efficiency of the heat pump or the heat supply by the heat pump. This is the case because the temperature-dependent coefficient of performance is included in the inequality for determining the efficient times. In other words, the efficient times in which the heat demand of the energy system is at least partially covered internally by the heat pump are determined by the inequality or condition P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ COP t T t ⋅ P max , t el ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t In other words, for each t marked time or time range the condition P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ COP t T t ⋅ P max , t el ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t by the control unit. If this condition is met, the control unit transmits a control signal to the heat pump, causing it to operate at full load. By taking the heat pump's temperature-dependent coefficient of performance into account in the condition, the efficiency of heat provision is further improved.

[0046] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control unit is designed to control the feed into the heating network in such a way that the excess heat output P excess , t th is fed into a flow of the heating network.

[0047] In other words, the excess heat output is preferably fed to the supply line. This can be done via a heat exchanger, to which the supply line or a return line of the heating network is fed to absorb the excess heat. The temperature of the supply line or return line, raised by the heat exchanger, is then fed to the supply line. In other words, the return line or supply line of the heating network is fed into the supply line via the heat exchanger. This means that the excess heat / heat output is fed to the supply line of the heating network. In this case, the heat generation system is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger.

[0048] In an advantageous development of the invention, the control unit is designed to control the feed into the heating network in such a way that the excess heat output P excess , t th is fed into a return line of the heating network.

[0049] In other words, the excess heat output is preferably fed to the return flow. This can be done via a heat exchanger, to which the return flow from the heating network is fed to absorb the excess heat. The return flow, which is then raised in temperature at the heat exchanger, is fed back to the return flow of the heating network. In other words, the return flow from the heating network is fed back into the return flow via the heat exchanger. This means that the excess heat / heat output is fed to the return flow of the heating network. In this case, the heat generation system is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is designed to control the feed into the heating network in such a way that by feeding in the excess heat output P excess , t th the temperature of the return and / or the flow of the heating network is increased.

[0051] In other words, the supply and / or return flow of the heating network can be fed to the heat exchanger and thus raised in temperature by absorbing the excess heat output. The increased temperature of the supply flow is then fed back to the supply flow. If the return flow is raised in temperature at the heat exchanger or by absorbing the excess heat output, it can be preferentially fed to the supply or return flow of the heating network. This creates three different preferred feed modes: return flow-heat absorption-supply flow (first feed mode), return flow-heat absorption-return flow (second feed mode), and supply flow-heat absorption-supply flow (third feed mode).

[0052] In other words, the feed-in into the heat network is preferably carried out according to the first feed-in mode, whereby the excess heat output generated by the heat generation plant P excess , t th transferred to the return flow of the heating network and the return flow, which has thus been raised in temperature, is fed to the flow of the heating network, or according to the second feed-in mode, in which case the excess heat output generated by the heat generation plant P excess , t th transferred to the return flow of the heating network and the return flow, which has thus been raised in temperature, is fed back into the return flow of the heating network, or according to the third feed-in mode, in which case the excess heat output generated by the heat generation plant P excess , t th transferred to the flow of the heating network and the resulting temperature-increased flow is returned to the flow of the heating network.

[0053] In an advantageous development of the invention, the control unit is designed to control the feed-in and / or feed-out from the flow and / or return of the heating network by switching valves.

[0054] In other words, the control unit is designed to switch between the three feed modes mentioned or to set the feed mode by adjusting the valves. According to the first feed mode, the temperature of the return flow or the return water is raised by the excess heat output and fed back into the supply flow. According to the second feed mode, the temperature of the return flow or the return water is raised by the excess heat output and fed back into the return flow. According to the third feed mode, the temperature of the supply flow or the supply water is raised by the excess heat output and fed back into the supply flow.

[0055] Furthermore, the control unit can preferably be designed to control the respective mass flow of the heat transfer medium of the heating network. The heat transfer medium is, for example, water.

[0056] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control unit has a communication module which enables data exchange with a central control device with respect to several energy systems, wherein the central control device controls energy exchanges between the energy systems, and the communication module is designed in such a way that the weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t from the central control device.

[0057] In other words, it is preferable if the weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t provided by a central control device for several energy systems.

[0058] The energy systems are thus coordinated in terms of their efficiency by the central control device. This improves the efficiency of heat provision, particularly with regard to overall carbon dioxide emissions. The central control device symbolically specifies the weightings and transmits them to the energy systems or the respective control units, so that each of the energy systems can operate its heat generation plant(s) at the respective efficient times / time ranges. The central control device for the energy systems calculates or determines the weightings from data / information that the energy systems transmit to it in advance. The calculation can be carried out using an optimization process, whereby, for example, the total carbon dioxide emissions of all participating energy systems are minimized.This will enable the CO2 footprint of energy systems to be further reduced or improved.

[0059] Furthermore, an energy management system of the energy system can comprise the control unit and thus the communication module. Since the central control device specifies the weightings and thus essentially determines when the respective heat generation systems are operated, the central control device (via the control unit) controls heat generation and heat feed-in. Thus, the central energy market platform, at least indirectly, controls the valves and / or mass flows relating to the heat transfer of excess heat output to the heating network. Furthermore, the central control device can control the consumption and / or generation of electrical energy of the respective energy system. The central control device is thus designed as a local energy market platform for heat and, in an advantageous embodiment, as a local energy market platform for heat and electricity.In other words, the central control device technically forms a local energy market for heat and / or electricity. Offers regarding heat supply and / or heat output can also be transmitted to the central control device via the communication module.

[0060] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments described below and from the drawings.

[0061] The single figure shows a schematic view of an overall system with a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Elements of the same type, value or function may be provided with the same reference symbols in the figure.

[0063] The figure schematically shows a primary side 20 and a secondary side 40 of a heating network 2. The primary side 20 comprises a heating network 2 and a coupling unit 3. The coupling unit 3 couples the heating network 2 to the secondary side 40 for heat exchange. The secondary side 40 comprises or identifies the side of the energy system(s). The energy system comprises a control unit 42 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a heat pump 4.

[0064] A heat exchanger 5 is provided to connect the heating network 2 to the thermal systems on the secondary side 40, in particular to the heat pump 4. The temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink within the heat exchanger 5, as well as the mass flow of the transfer medium, are decisive for the transferred heat output. The transfer medium is typically water. The temperature of the heat source, in this case the heat pump 4 on the secondary side 40, can be controlled or adjusted by the control unit 42. The mass flow can generally be regulated using valves controlled by the control unit 42. Depending on the operating mode, the temperature of the heat source represents the flow temperature of the heating network 2 or the temperature after a secondary network of the energy system after self-consumption by the energy system.

[0065] The heating network 2 has a supply line 21 and a return line 22. Via the coupling device 3 in conjunction with the heat exchanger 5, the supply line 21 and / or return line 22 of the heating network 2 are thermally coupled to the heat pump 4, i.e., to the heat generation system of the energy system. For this purpose, the coupling device 3 comprises several valves 31 and a pump 32. The hydraulic circuitry of the valves is shown in the figure as the interior of the coupling device 3. This circuitry of the valves enables three feed modes of the heat generated by the heat pump 4 into the heating network 2.

[0066] According to a first feed mode, the valves 31 are controlled by the control unit 42 such that the return flow 22 of the heating network 2 is routed via the heat exchanger 5 and back into the flow 21 of the heating network 2. In a second feed mode, the valves 31 are controlled by the control unit 42 such that the return flow 22 of the heating network 2 is routed via the heat exchanger 5 and back into the return flow 22. In other words, the switching of the valves 31 forms a bypass for the return flow 22, which runs via the heat exchanger 5. In a third feed mode, the valves 31 are controlled by the control unit 42 such that the flow 21 of the heating network 2 is routed via the heat exchanger 5 and back into the flow 21. In other words, the switching of the valves 31 creates a bypass for the flow 21, which runs via the heat exchanger 5.The control unit 42 can switch between the feed modes or set the respective feed mode by controlling the valves 31.

[0067] Furthermore, the coupling device 3 can comprise the heat exchanger 5.

[0068] The secondary side 40, or the energy system, includes the secondary heat network mentioned above. The secondary heat network, only indicated in the figure, also serves to distribute heat within the energy system.

[0069] The control unit 42 is also arranged on the secondary side 40. In this case, the energy system comprises the control unit 42. The control unit 42 is designed to exchange data / information, in particular control signals, control values, and / or the like, with the coupling device 3, with the heat pump 4, with an energy management system 43 of the energy system, and with a central control device 44 with respect to several energy systems. The central control device 44 forms a local energy market in this case. In other words, the control unit 42 enables communication with the coupling device 3, with the heat pump 4, with the energy management system 43, and with the local energy market 44. These communication options are illustrated in the figure by the dashed arrows emanating from the control unit 42.

[0070] The control unit 42 is thus configured to control the operation of the valves 31 and / or pumps 32 of the coupling device 3 as well as the heat pump 4. This control can be performed using control signals that the control unit generates based on data received from the local energy market 44 and / or the energy management system 43 of the energy system and transmits to the heat pump 4.

[0071] According to a first step of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, an excess heat output P excess , t th from the difference between a maximum heat output P max , t th the heat pump 4 and a heat output required for the energy system P demand , t th by the control unit 42. For this purpose, the required heat output is provided, for example, by the energy management system 43 for the control unit 42. The control unit 42 can calculate the excess heat output from the difference between the maximum possible heat output and the heat output required within the energy system.

[0072] In a second step of the process, the heat pump is used to provide the required heat output P demand , t th operated in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th . g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t In other words, the control unit checks whether the condition P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t is met, whereby the heat pump 4 is operated if this is met. Otherwise, the required heat output is obtained or taken from the heating network 2. For this purpose, the control unit 42 controls the heat pump 4 or the coupling device 3, in particular the valves 31 and / or 32, accordingly.

[0073] Furthermore, in a third step of the method, the excess heat output generated by the heat pump 4 at these times P excess , t th fed into the heating network, i.e. transferred to heating network 2.

[0074] In other words, at times that meet the above-mentioned condition, heat pump 4 can be fully utilized, with the excess heat output not required within the energy system being transferred to heating network 2 for further use, for example, by other energy systems. As a result, heat pump 4 is operated at full capacity for a longer period, so that it—at least in the aforementioned efficient time periods—has a higher coefficient of performance and thus a higher efficiency.

[0075] The efficient points in time or time ranges are determined by the condition P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t which have several weightings or weighting factors g d,t , g i,t and g e,t The weighting factors technically ensure that not only the energetic efficiency of the heat pump 4, i.e. the efficiency of heat generation from electricity, is decisive, but also that other important technical parameters, such as carbon dioxide emissions, can be taken into account. The heat pump 4 is therefore operated at full load by the control unit 4 (energy efficiency) when, at the same time, lower carbon dioxide emissions for the energy system can be achieved. In other words, symbolically, in the aforementioned efficient times or time ranges, it is more advantageous for the energy system to generate the heat itself using the heat pump 4 and feed in the surplus than to obtain the heat from the heating network 2.At times or time periods in which the condition is not met, it is symbolically more advantageous for the energy system to extract the heat to cover the internal heat demand from heating network 2. The source of the heat for the heat demand—heating network 2 or heat pump 4—is thus dynamically controlled by control unit 42 depending on the weightings. The weightings thus ensure that the technical goal of the lowest possible carbon dioxide emissions and the highest possible energy efficiency of heat coverage are achieved synergistically at the same time.

[0076] The weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t can be provided by the central control device 44 and / or the energy management system 43 and / or transmitted to the control unit 42. This enables a dynamic adjustment, for example with regard to carbon dioxide emissions, since, for example, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the supply (feed-out) from the heating network 2 can change over time. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with heat generation can change over time. In other words, the weightings g d,t , g i,t and g e,t be time-dependent, so that they are transmitted to the control unit 42 by the central control device 44 and / or the energy management system at regular intervals, for example every 15 minutes for one day in advance.

[0077] Thus, the illustrated embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the energy efficiency of heat generation by the heat pump 4 and the carbon dioxide emissions of the energy system simultaneously and furthermore to combine both reductions synergistically. List of reference symbols

[0078] 2Heating network 3Coupling device 4Heat pump 5Heat exchanger 20Primary side 21Flow 22Return 31Valve 32Pump 40Secondary side 42Control unit 43Energy management system 44Central control device

Claims

1. Control unit (42) for controlling operation of a heat generation installation (4) of an energy system, in particular of a building, the energy system being linked to a heat network (2), and feeding-in and / or outputting of a thermal power into the heat network (2) being controllable by means of the control unit (42), a weighting ge,t being associated with the feeding-in, a weighting gd,t being associated with the outputting, and a weighting gi,t being associated with heat generation by the heat generation installation (4), characterized in that the control unit (42) is designed: - to determine an excess thermal power P excess , t th from the difference between a maximum thermal power P max , t th of the heat generation installation (4) and a thermal power P demand , t th required for the energy system; - to operate the heat generation installation (4) for providing the required thermal power P demand , t th in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t ; and - to output the excess thermal power P excess , t th generated by the heat generation installation (4) at these points in time into the heat network (2).

2. Control unit (42) according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the weightings gd,t, gi,t and ge,t is a pollutant variable or an environment variable.

3. Control unit (42) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the weightings gd,t, gi,t and ge,t is a specific carbon dioxide emission.

4. Control unit (42) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat generation installation (4) is designed as a heat pump having a coefficient of performance COPt, the control unit (42) being designed to determine the maximum thermal power from a maximum electrical power of the heat pump by means of P max , t th = COP t ⋅ P max , t el .

5. Control unit (42) according to Claim 4, characterized in that it is designed to receive at least one measured value of an external temperature Tt from a measuring unit of the energy system, and to determine therefrom the coefficient of performance COPt = COPt(Tt) as a function of the external temperature Tt.

6. Control unit (42) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed to control the feeding-in into the heat network (2) in such a way that the excess thermal power P excess , t th is fed into a feed of the heat network (2) .

7. Control unit (42) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed to control the feeding-in into the heat network (2) in such a way that the excess thermal power P excess , t th is fed into a return of the heat network (2) .

8. Control unit (42) according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it is designed to control the feeding-in into the heat network (2) in such a way that the temperature of the return and / or the feed of the heat network (2) is increased by the feeding-in of the excess thermal power P excess , t th .

9. Control unit (42) according to any of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it is designed to control the feeding-in and / or outputting from the feed and / or return of the heat network (2) by way of switching of valves (31).

10. Control unit (42) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a communication module that enables data exchange with a central control device (44) with respect to a plurality of energy systems, the central control device (44) controlling energy exchanges between the energy systems, and the communication module being designed to receive the weightings gd,t, gi,t and ge,t from the central control device (44).

11. Method for controlling operation of a heat generation installation (4) of an energy system, in particular of a building, the energy system being linked to a heat network (2), and feeding-in and / or outputting of a thermal power into the heat network (2) being controllable by means of a control unit (42), a weighting ge,t being associated with the feeding-in, a weighting gd,t being associated with the outputting, and a weighting gi,t being associated with heat generation by the heat generation installation (4), characterized in that: - an excess thermal power P excess , t th is determined from the difference between a maximum thermal power P max , t th of the heat generation installation (4) and a thermal power P demand , t th required for the energy system; - the heat generation installation (4) is operated for providing the required thermal power P demand , t th in the time steps for which P demand , t th ⋅ g d , t ≥ P max , t th ⋅ g i , t − P excess , t th ⋅ g e , t ; and - the excess thermal power P excess , t th generated by the heat generation installation (4) at these points in time is output into the heat network (2).

12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the feeding-in into the heat network (2) is effected according to a first feed-in mode, in which case the excess thermal power P excess , t th generated by the heat generation installation (4) is transferred to a return of the heat network (2) and the return, the temperature of which has been increased as a result, is fed to a feed of the heat network (2).

13. Method according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the feeding-in into the heat network (2) is effected according to a second feed-in mode, in which case the excess thermal power P excess , t th generated by the heat generation installation (4) is transferred to a return of the heat network (2) and the return, the temperature of which has been increased as a result, is fed back into the return of the heat network (2).

14. Method according to any of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the feeding-in into the heat network (2) is effected according to a third feed-in mode, in which case the excess thermal power P excess , t th generated by the heat generation installation (4) is transferred to a feed of the heat network (2) and the feed, the temperature of which has been increased as a result, is fed back into the feed of the heat network (2).

15. Method according to any of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the weightings gd,t, gi,t and ge,t are provided by a central control device (44) with respect to a plurality of energy systems.