ELECTRICAL CONTACT UNIT

Description

[0001] The application relates to an electrical contact unit, a method for operating the electrical contact unit, and a use of the electrical contact unit. The electrical contact unit can be used, for example, for charging an electrical battery storage unit of a vehicle.

[0002] A necessary condition for the implementation of a battery-electric drive concept, for example, for a vehicle, is the availability of a sufficiently large time reserve for recharging or recharging the battery storage system by exploiting downtime due to operation or use. Due to the limited nature of this time reserve, the only way to open up further application scenarios is to further develop a fast-charging capability for the battery storage system, i.e., the ability to recharge or recharge in a short time, and an associated charging system.

[0003] Expected advances in increasing the power density of battery storage systems are already leading to increasing charging rates. The charging rate is a measure of the ratio of the maximum possible charging current, measured in amperes (A), to the nominal capacity of the battery storage system, measured in ampere-hours (Ah). The charging rate is a direct expression of how quickly the battery storage system can be charged.

[0004] A high charging rate requires the flow of a high charging current. Commercially available contact connector systems have physical limitations regarding high charging currents, for example, the quality of an electrical connection established by touching the electrical contacts of the contact connector system. To ensure a sufficiently high quality of the electrical connection, i.e., low contact resistance, either a large contact area of the electrical contacts and / or a high contact force between the electrical contacts are required. The latter has a natural limit when handled exclusively by humans. Furthermore, an increase in the contact area for the transmission of very high currents in the conventional contact connector system would result in component dimensions that are difficult for human handling.

[0005] From the document WO 2014 / 112355 A1, a contact unit for establishing an electrically conductive connection is known, which comprises: a first connecting part with a first electrical contact and a second connecting part with a second electrical contact, wherein the first connecting part and the second connecting part are arranged to be movable relative to one another along a contacting axis which runs in a contacting direction; the first connecting part comprises a first section and a second section, wherein the second section is movable relative to the first section and the first electrical contact is arranged on the second section; the first connecting part is positionable relative to the second connecting part along the contacting axis such that the first section of the first connecting part lies in a rest position relative to the second connecting part;the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are configured, when they touch each other, to establish an electrically conductive connection between the first connecting part and the second connecting part, which is configured to conduct electrical energy. Similar contact units are also known from the publications DE 10 2011 114321 A1, DE 197 05 798 A1, and WO 2016 / 119001 A1.

[0006] The present invention is based on the object of providing an electrical contact unit for establishing an electrical connection, in particular an electrical current connection suitable for electrically conducting an electrical current, in particular a high electrical current, and a method for operating the same. The object also encompasses a possible use of the electrical contact unit for charging an electrical battery storage device.

[0007] The object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the claims dependent on the independent claims.

[0008] The electrical contact unit comprises a first connecting part with a first electrical contact and a second connecting part with a second electrical contact. An electrical contact is a device that comprises an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, an alloy or even an electrically conductive organic material or an electrically conductive form of carbon. An electrical contact is designed to establish an electrically conductive connection to another electrical contact or an electrical conductor by touching it. A contact can, for example, be an integral part of another device, be connected to it, or be designed as a separate device. For example, it is possible for the first contact to be connected to the first connecting part and the second contact to be connected to the second connecting part.The connection can be realized in the first and / or second electrical contact with an elastic prestressing element, for example a mechanical spring, so that the two contacts, when they lie against each other, can touch each other with a prestressing force.

[0009] The first connecting part and the second connecting part are arranged so as to be movable relative to one another along a contacting axis which runs in a contacting direction. For example, it is possible for the first connecting part to be arranged with respect to the contacting axis such that the contacting axis runs through a point, for example a central point, of the first connecting part. It is also possible, for example, for the second connecting part to be arranged with respect to the contacting axis such that the contacting axis runs through a point, for example a central point, of the second connecting part. The first connecting part comprises a first section and a second section, wherein the second section is movable relative to the first section and the first electrical contact is arranged on the second section.The first connecting part can be positioned relative to the second connecting part along the contacting axis such that the first section of the first connecting part lies in a rest position relative to the second connecting part.

[0010] The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are designed, when they touch each other, to establish an electrically conductive connection between the first connecting part and the second connecting part. This means that an electrical conductor arranged in or on the first connecting part, which is in electrically conductive connection with the first electrical contact, can be brought into electrical connection with an electrical conductor arranged in or on the second connecting part, which is in electrically conductive connection with the second electrical contact, by touching the first electrical contact with the second electrical contact. The electrical connection is designed to conduct electrical energy, for example by conducting an electrical current.

[0011] The electrical contact unit further comprises a positioning unit designed to predetermine the rest position. This positioning unit serves to enable the first connecting part, in particular the first section of the first connecting part, to be spatially positioned relative to the second connecting part, for example such that, starting from the rest position, the first and second electrical contacts can be brought into contact. This positioning of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part is advantageous because, starting from the rest position, the first and second electrical contacts can be brought together or separated from one another using a sequence of a few, easily implemented movements of the first contact.

[0012] The positioning unit can, for example, be designed with a stop edge on the first connecting part, with which the first connecting part can abut against the second connecting part. The positioning unit can also be realized, for example, as a recess in the first connecting part, with which a spring-loaded locking element attached to the second connecting part, which can, for example, have a spherical or cylindrical or, in particular, a rounded shape, can be engaged when the first connecting part is in the rest position relative to the second connecting part.A further exemplary possibility arises if, for example, an optical system with a light sensor and optionally a provided light source outputs a signal when the first connecting part is in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part and which differs from a signal when the first connecting part is not in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part.

[0013] Another exemplary implementation option, similar to the optical option, is achieved by using a magnet and a Hall sensor, with the magnet on the first connecting part and the Hall sensor on the second connecting part, or vice versa, each arranged in a defined position relative to one another. The Hall sensor detects a magnetic field emanating from the magnet and outputs a corresponding signal. The signal differs when the first connecting part is in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part from a signal when the first connecting part is not in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part. In a similar way, distance sensors, such as eddy current sensors or inductive sensors, can be used to determine the position.

[0014] Another possibility for specifying the rest position is, for example, to use a switch that is only actuated in the rest position, or an image-based system, for example with a camera, in which the position of the first connecting part with respect to the second connecting part can be determined using an image evaluation method and, when the first connecting part is in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part, a corresponding signal is provided.

[0015] The electrical contact unit further comprises an actuator which, when the first section of the first connecting part is in the rest position, is designed to displace the second section of the first connecting part in the contacting direction relative to the first section such that the second section of the first connecting part and the second connecting part lie against one another in the contacting direction and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact touch one another.

[0016] The actuator can comprise two sections that can be moved relative to one another, for example a fixing section and a moving section. For example, this movement can be driven by electrical energy, wherein the movement can be provided by an electrically operated motor. In this context, other drive forms are also conceivable, for example a drive that comprises a hydraulic and / or pneumatic and / or magnetic and / or another mechanical component, such as a gear. If, for example, the actuator is fixed to the first section of the first connecting part by means of the fixing section, a movement of the second section relative to the first section can be brought about by moving the moving section and, for example, by abutting the moving section against the second section of the first connecting part.The actuator can, for example, be a linear actuator that effects a linear movement. It is thus also possible for the fixing section and the moving section to move linearly relative to each other. The contact between the first and second contacts creates an electrically conductive connection between the two, enabling a current to flow between the first connecting part and the second connecting part via this electrically conductive connection.

[0017] The contact unit comprises a locking element; wherein the locking element is movable between a locking position and an unlocking position; and wherein the locking element prevents movement of the first portion of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part in the locking position. The locking element allows movement of the second portion of the first connecting part relative to the first portion of the first connecting part in the locking position; and allows movement of the first portion of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part in the unlocking position. Likewise, the locking element prevents movement of the second portion of the first connecting part relative to the first portion of the first connecting part in the unlocking position.

[0018] In this respect, the locking element can be associated with several advantages.

[0019] Firstly, this allows the first section of the first connecting part to be locked relative to the second connecting part. Locking here means that when the locking element is in the locked position, the first section and the second connecting part cannot be significantly moved relative to each other, preventing unintentional removal of the first connecting part from the second connecting part. Removal during a charging process would be dangerous for users due to the high charging currents expected and could also lead to at least partial destruction of the electrical contact unit or connected system components, for example, due to fire caused by loose current-carrying contacts.

[0020] On the other hand, the locking mechanism with the locking element can enable the provision of possible contact forces between the first and second connecting parts, in particular between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact. The locking mechanism would, for example, make very high contact forces possible.

[0021] Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the unlocked position, the movement of the second section relative to the first section is prevented. This would be advantageous because, for example, in a state in which the first connecting part is not in the rest position, a generally undesirable movement of the second section relative to the first section can be prevented. This makes it possible for the sections of the first connecting part, particularly in the case in which the first connecting part is not in the rest position, to be held together in a compact form and prevent them from moving apart.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first section of the first connecting part may have a locking recess and the second connecting part may have a further recess. It is then conceivable that the locking element, when in the locking position, engages with the locking recess of the first section of the first connecting part and the recess of the second connecting part. It is conceivable that the locking recess of the first section and the recess of the second connecting part are arranged opposite one another, in particular when the first connecting part is in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part, and that, for example, the locking element is inserted through the locking recess of the first section into the recess of the second connecting part and comes to rest there, which corresponds to the locking position.It can also be imagined that, in the unlocking position, the locking element or portions thereof are neither in the locking recess of the first portion nor in the recess of the second connecting part.

[0023] It is also possible for the actuator to be connected to the first section of the first connecting part. In this way, the movement of the second section of the first connecting part relative to the first section can be realized particularly well. In particular, if the first section and the actuator are rigidly connected to one another, for example at the fixing section, the actuator and first section together form a reference for a relative movement of the second section, which can be effected by the movement of the moving section of the actuator against a surface of the second section of the first connecting part.By moving the moving section against the surface of the second section of the first connecting part, a force can be exerted on the second section, which can lead to a displacement of the second section of the first connecting part, so that as a result of the displacement, the second section of the first connecting part and the second connecting part lie against one another in the contacting direction and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact touch one another.

[0024] In one embodiment, it is possible for the actuator to be designed to move the locking element from the locking position to the unlocking position and vice versa. For this purpose, the actuator may be kinematically coupled to the locking element, for example via a lever mechanism, a guide rail, or a guide groove. If, for example, the fixing section of the actuator is connected to the first section—in particular, a rigid connection is conceivable here—then the moving section of the actuator can be coupled to the locking element with the aid of the kinematic coupling. A movement of the moving section of the actuator, which occurs relative to the first section of the first connecting part, can then be transmitted to the locking element.This can cause a movement of the locking element relative to the first section of the first connecting part in such a way that, for example, the locking element is pushed into or, at least partially through, the locking recess of the first section of the first connecting part and / or into the recess of the second connecting part or is pulled out in the opposite direction from the recess of the second connecting part and / or the locking recess.

[0025] The contact unit can have an electromagnet and a magnetic counter-element. In this case, it is possible for the electromagnet, in an active state and when the second section of the first connecting part and the second connecting part lie against one another in the contacting direction, to provide a magnetic attractive force between the second section of the first connecting part and the second connecting part by means of a magnetic field, together with the magnetic counter-element. The magnetic attractive force can be at least large enough to hold the second section of the first connecting part in a position in which the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are in contact. The electromagnet and magnetic counter-element can thus ensure that an electrical connection is maintained between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact.This is also possible if the actuator does not exert any force on the second section of the first connecting part. The latter can be the case, for example, if the moving section of the actuator is moved relative to the fixing section in such a way that the moving section does not exert any force on the surface of the second section of the first connecting part. Furthermore, it is also possible that the magnetic attraction force creates a contact force between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact, which can improve the quality of the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts.

[0026] The magnetic counter element comprises a magnetic material, for example iron, on which a magnetic field has an attractive effect.

[0027] The electromagnet is in the active state when electric current flows through a coil winding of the electromagnet, thus creating a magnetic field. It is thus possible to put the electromagnet into the active state by activating an electric current flow through the coil winding, for example, with a switch. The electromagnet can be put into an inactive state by deactivating the electric current flow through the coil winding, for example, with a switch. The switch for activating or deactivating the electric current flow through the coil winding of the electromagnet can be designed to be controllable, for example, by a control device.

[0028] The contact unit can be shaped such that the first electrical contact comprises a first power contact and the second electrical contact comprises a second power contact. The power contact is designed to conduct, i.e., transport, electrical energy. Generally, the power contact is designed to be suitable for conducting at least a predefined amount of electrical energy, i.e., electrical power, per predefined unit of time. For this purpose, an extension of the power contact greater than or equal to a material-dependent minimum value is generally selected.

[0029] It is possible for the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact to be designed to conduct high electrical power at an electrical voltage of up to 1500 volts and at an electrical current of up to 1600 amperes, preferably up to 1900 amperes, and particularly preferably up to 3000 amperes. An electrical connection that can conduct such a current, for example or in particular without time restriction, can be a high-current connection or be referred to as a high-current connection. The electrical connection that can be established by touching the first electrical contact with the second electrical contact can be a high-current connection. The electrical current can be, for example, a direct current. However, an alternating current is also conceivable.

[0030] In one embodiment of the contact unit, it is possible for the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact to be arranged opposite one another on a surface that is oriented substantially parallel to and spaced from the contacting axis. At the same time or alternatively, it is possible for the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact to be arranged opposite one another on a surface that is oriented substantially perpendicular to the contacting axis. This shows that the available surfaces of the first connecting part and the second connecting part can be used efficiently for arranging the electrical contacts. This can be important if, for example, an electrical contact has a plurality of sections that must be spaced from one another, for example for safety reasons.By efficiently using the available space, the volume of the contact unit can be limited to a necessary level.

[0031] In one embodiment, it is conceivable for the first connecting part to comprise a first protective conductor contact and the second connecting part to comprise a second protective conductor contact. In this case, the first protective conductor contact may be electrically connected to an electrical ground potential. It is also possible for the first protective conductor contact to establish an electrical connection between the second protective conductor contact and the electrical ground potential when it comes into contact with the second protective conductor contact. It is also conceivable in principle for the first and second protective conductors to have reversed roles. This means, for example, that the second protective conductor contact is electrically connected to the electrical ground potential. And it is then also possible for the second protective conductor contact to establish an electrical connection between the first protective conductor contact and the electrical ground potential when it comes into contact with the first protective conductor contact.

[0032] The first and second protective conductor contacts may comprise an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, an alloy or electrically conductive organic material or an electrically conductive form of carbon.

[0033] The advantageous effect of a protective conductor contact is that it can divert any fault current to earth potential and in this way reduce its harmful effect, for example for a user of the contact unit or the contact unit or connected system components.

[0034] It is possible for the second protective conductor contact to interact with a protective conductor pre-tensioning element which is designed to provide a contact force between the first and second protective conductor contacts when the first protective conductor contact comes into contact with the second protective conductor contact. For example, the protective conductor pre-tensioning element can be a mechanical spring which is connected, on the one hand, to the second connecting part and, on the other hand, to the second protective conductor contact. It is conceivable for the force associated with the protective conductor pre-tensioning element to act in the direction of contact. The contact force between the first and second protective conductor contacts can improve the quality of the electrical connection between the two protective conductor contacts, for example, by reducing the contact resistance as a result.In addition, this can reduce the risk of an unintentional interruption of contact between the two protective conductor contacts and thus an interruption of the associated electrical connection.

[0035] Alternatively, it is also possible for the first protective conductor contact to interact with a protective conductor pre-tensioning element, whereby the explanations for the protective conductor pre-tensioning element that interacts with the second protective conductor contact apply analogously. Only the attachment of the protective conductor pre-tensioning element can then take place, for example, between the second section of the first connecting part and the first protective conductor contact.

[0036] In one embodiment, it is conceivable for the first and second protective conductor contacts to be arranged opposite one another on a surface that is oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact axis. However, it is also possible for the first protective conductor contact and the second protective conductor contact to be arranged opposite one another on a surface that is oriented substantially parallel to and spaced from the contact axis. This demonstrates once again that the available surfaces of the first connecting part and the second connecting part can be efficiently utilized for arranging the electrical contacts.

[0037] This can be important, for example, if an electrical contact has multiple sections that must be spaced apart from each other, for example, for safety reasons. By efficiently utilizing the available space, the volume of the contact unit can be limited to the necessary minimum.

[0038] It is consistent with the present disclosure if the first connecting part comprises a first control pilot contact and the second connecting part comprises a second control pilot contact. It is possible that, when the first and second control pilot contacts touch each other, an evaluable electrical connection is established between them.

[0039] The first and second control pilot contacts may comprise an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, an alloy or an electrically conductive organic material or an electrically conductive form of carbon.

[0040] In this context, "evaluable" can mean that, for example, it can be checked whether the electrical connection between the first control pilot contact and the second control pilot contact exists or not. This test can be initiated, controlled and evaluated by a control unit, for example by attempting to conduct a current via this electrical connection. If this is successful, it can be assumed that the electrical connection exists; if this is not successful, it can be assumed that the electrical connection does not exist. Since the arrangement of the respective control pilot contact in the first or second connecting part is known, the existence or non-existence of the electrical connection can be used to deduce a position of the first connecting part or a section of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part.This can be used, for example, to determine whether the first and second connecting parts are aligned in such a way that energy transfer can be carried out, for example while complying with possible safety requirements.

[0041] In this context, "evaluable" can also mean that the electrical connection between the first control pilot contact and the second control pilot contact, if it exists, can be used to transmit electrical signals representing information between the first and second connecting parts. For example, it is possible to transmit a control signal or a signal containing sensory information or status information between the two connecting parts. Such information can include, for example, a charge level, a voltage measurement, a current measurement, an identity, authentication information, price information—in short, information and / or data that may be of interest for the operation of the contact unit and / or the systems connected to it.In order to transmit such information, the control pilot contacts can each be connected to a control unit, for example to a first control unit and / or a second control unit, or else to a sensor or further, for example, electronic switching modules, wherein the connection can be implemented via an electrical line, for example a twisted pair line. It is conceivable for the first and the second control pilot contact each to have one or more electrical connection surfaces at which an electrical connection can be established between the first and the second control pilot contact when the first and the second control pilot contact touch each other. It is also conceivable for the electrical connections between the first and the second control pilot contact to be used in pairs, for example for transmitting one or more signals.In this way, the first and second control pilot contacts can, for example, also be part of an electrical communication connection between the control unit connected to the first control pilot contact and the control unit connected to the second control pilot contact. Other electrical or electronic modules of the respective connecting part or associated systems, such as a vehicle control unit or a charging station control unit, can also replace the respective control unit. In principle, the control pilot contacts can thus be advantageously used for control tasks that may arise during operation of the contact unit.

[0042] It is also conceivable that part of the functionality of a control pilot contact is provided by a protective earth contact. For example, an electrically conductive surface of a protective earth contact may form one of the electrical connection surfaces of a control pilot contact or be encompassed by it. Thus, it is conceivable that the first protective earth contact provides an electrically conductive surface for the first control pilot contact and the second protective earth contact provides an electrically conductive surface for the second control pilot contact. In such a case, the electrically conductive surface of the protective earth contact could have a smaller surface area than that of a conventional protective earth contact, which may be intended to provide an earth potential and / or to divert a fault current.An electrical connection between the first and the second control pilot contact can then also be provided, at least partially, by an electrically conductive connection between the first and second protective conductor contact.

[0043] It is possible for the first and second control pilot contacts to be arranged between the electromagnet and the magnetic counter-element. This defined position can, for example, make it possible to infer the position of at least one section of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part from contact between the two control pilot contacts, which can be determined, for example, by detecting an electrical connection between the two control pilot contacts. The first control pilot contact can also be provided with an electrically conductive section of the electromagnet. The second control pilot contact can be provided with an electrically conductive section of the magnetic counter-element.

[0044] In one embodiment, the second connecting part can comprise a movable contact protection reset device provided with a biasing element. When the first section of the first connecting part is in the rest position, it is conceivable to displace the second section of the first connecting part in the contacting direction relative to the first section such that the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are spaced apart from one another. The contact protection reset device can be an element made of an insulating material, for example a non-conductive plastic. The biasing element can be a spring, for example a helical spring or a disc spring. It is then also possible for the biasing element to be connected to the second connecting part and to the contact protection reset device.The biasing element can exert a force on the contact protection reset element, allowing it to move relative to the second connecting part. It is conceivable that, during this movement, the contact protection reset element presses against the second section of the first connecting part and displaces the second section. This displacement can be configured such that, as a result of the displacement of the second section, the first electrical contact is spaced apart from the second electrical contact.

[0045] In a possible interaction with the electromagnet, it can be advantageous if the electromagnet is in the inactive state during the displacement to space the first electrical contact from the second electrical contact. It is also possible that the contact resetter is displaced between the first and second electrical contacts during the displacement to space them apart, or that it reaches a position in which the presence of the contact resetter precludes the establishment of an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact. The advantage that can arise from such an arrangement is that, for example, when the electromagnet changes to an inactive state, the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts is severed by spacing and electrically isolating both contacts from one another.

[0046] In one embodiment, it is possible for the second electrical contact to be movable. It is also possible for a kinematic coupling to be established between the second electrical contact and the contact protection resetter. It is also conceivable for the kinematic coupling to transmit a movement of the contact resetter to the second electrical contact to provide contact with a contact force between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact or to space the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact apart. Thus, one can imagine that the contact resetter is moved by a movement of the second section of the first connecting part, in which the second section presses against the contact resetter and displaces it.Due to the kinematic coupling, the second electrical contact can be moved in such a way that it approaches the first electrical contact until it touches it, eventually creating a contact force between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact. This process can be optimized, for example, by combining the kinematic coupling and the biasing element of the contact resetter in such a way that the biasing element of the contact resetter can simultaneously act as a biasing element for the second electrical contact.

[0047] When the second section of the first connecting part is not pressing against the contact resetter, for example when the electromagnet is in an inactive state and / or the position of the moving section of the actuator allows movement of the second section of the first connecting part, the contact resetter can move due to the force exerted by the biasing element of the contact resetter such that the second section of the first connecting part is moved by the contact resetter by pressing such that the first electrical contact spatially moves away from the second electrical contact. At the same time, the kinematic coupling can also move the second electrical contact itself, so that the spatial distance between the first and second electrical contacts also increases.

[0048] It is conceivable that the protective conductor biasing element and the biasing element of the contact protection resetter are configured such that, when an electrical connection is established between the first connecting part and the second connecting part, the contacting sequence of protective conductor contacts, first and second contacts, and control pilot contacts is provided. When the electrical connection between the first connecting part and the second connecting part is broken, the sequence of control pilot contacts, first and second contacts, and protective conductor contacts may be maintained.

[0049] In one embodiment, it is possible for the first connecting part to be a plug and the second connecting part to be a socket. Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the first connecting part to be a socket and the second connecting part to be a plug. In this context, it is possible for the socket to guide the plug along the contact axis. This guidance, which is equivalent to a restriction of possible degrees of freedom in the movement of the plug and socket relative to each other, simplifies the use of the contact unit, since no further provisions need to be made for movement along the degrees of freedom not permitted by the restriction.

[0050] It is also possible for the socket to have a movable cover. This can serve to protect the electrical contact of the socket from environmental influences. Environmental influences can be, for example, precipitation such as rain, dew or snow, or also dust or other particles that can occur particularly in production facilities. Other relevant environmental influences can also be gases or, for example, salts that can occur in sea air. Due to the hollow space that a socket typically defines and can usually enclose at least partially, it can be important for operation to protect the socket from, for example, deposits resulting from environmental influences or from contact with these, for example by covering it with a cover. The cover can, for example, be connected to the socket in a foldable or slidable manner.The cover can be moved, for example, using an additional actuator, such as an electric motor. In principle, however, it is also possible for the cover to be arranged with a biasing element, which, for example, is pushed into an open position by pressure exerted by a user's action and then moved back into a closed position using the force exerted by the biasing element. However, the cover can also be designed as a lid, which can be arranged manually, for example.

[0051] In principle, it is also conceivable for the cavity of the bushing to be designed to be flushable and to be flushed with a gas. For example, if the cavity is essentially closed by the cover, an overpressure in the cavity compared to the ambient pressure may be provided.

[0052] In one embodiment, it is possible for the first connecting part to be connected to a holding device which is designed to provide an interface for positioning the first connecting part with respect to the second connecting part. This can, for example, be manual positioning. It is also conceivable for the positioning to be carried out mechanically or with machine support and / or by a mechanical device. The holding device can, for example, have a handle, for example with a rod shape. The holding device can also be spaced from the first connecting part, for example by means of a spacer. It is also possible for the holding device to be arranged at least partially circumferentially around the first connecting part. It is, for example, possible to grip the holding device with one or two hands.The holding device can also have an ergonomic structure, for example, wave-shaped recesses that can be modeled after the imprint of a hand's fingers. The holding device can also be realized by a recess in the first connecting part. Another possibility is for the holding device to be designed as a surface, for example with threaded holes, to which a machine or mechanical device can be coupled, for example by means of a screw connection.

[0053] In one embodiment, it is conceivable that the first and / or the second connecting part each has a holding device, for example in one of the embodiments described above or, for example, also as a snap connector, with which the first and the second connecting part can be aligned with one another mechanically or at least with mechanical assistance and / or also with the assistance of a mechanical device. It is then also possible for the first connecting part to be brought into the rest position mechanically or at least with mechanical assistance and / or also with the assistance of a mechanical device. For this purpose, for example, the first connecting part can be connected to a support arm, for example using the holding device.

[0054] It is possible for the support arm to perform both a translational and a rotational movement, for example in three, four or even five or more axes. It is also conceivable for the support arm to be moved with the help of a drive motor. For example, the support arm can also be designed as the arm of a robot. In order to create a connection between the support arm and the first connecting part, it is conceivable for the first connecting part to comprise the holding device, for example having a surface which can be a flange surface, for example, to which the support arm can be screwed or plugged on. The first connecting part can also have a recess as a holding device, into which a matching counterpart of the support arm can be engaged. A connection between the support arm and the first connecting part can also be created using a snap lock or bayonet lock as a holding device.It is also conceivable that the support arm has a gripping mechanism and grips and guides the first connecting part, for example on the handle.

[0055] To control the mechanical and / or mechanically assisted alignment of the first and second connecting parts relative to one another, it is possible to provide a positioning controller that controls the movement of the support arm, for example by supplying a motor that drives a movement of the support arm with suitable signals. It is also conceivable for the positioning controller to be supplied with a signal from a sensor that is indicative of the alignment of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part. Such a sensor can, for example, be an optical sensor, such as a camera, or a combination of a light source and a light sensor, or a distance sensor, such as an eddy current sensor or a Hall sensor with opposing magnets, or a pressure wave-based or radio wave-based localization device.It is also conceivable that the first and / or second connecting part are provided with a spatially limited marking, wherein the marking can be distinguished from its surroundings, for example in color, structure, surface, material or a combination thereof or can be realized, for example, as a projection, edge or recess or a combination thereof.

[0056] It is also possible for the first connecting part, for example the electrical conductor arranged in the first connecting part, to be electrically connected to an electrical energy source, and for the second connecting part, for example the electrical conductor arranged in the second connecting part, to be electrically connected to an electrical energy sink, for example a rechargeable electrical energy store. Alternatively, it is possible for the first connecting part, for example the electrical conductor arranged in the first connecting part, to be electrically connected to the electrical energy sink, for example a rechargeable electrical energy store, and for the second connecting part, for example the electrical conductor arranged in the second connecting part, to be electrically connected to an electrical energy source.The electrical energy source can, for example, be the electrical supply grid, which in turn can itself have another electrical energy source, such as a power plant. However, the energy source can also be an energy storage device, for example a battery storage device or a rechargeable energy storage device, which can also be rechargeable. For example, this can be a lithium-ion rechargeable battery or a super capacitor (super cap), or even a carbon-based energy storage device, for example based on graphene. The rechargeable electrical energy storage device can, for example, be a battery storage device or a rechargeable energy storage device, which can also be rechargeable. For example, this can be a lithium-ion rechargeable battery or a super capacitor (super cap), or even a carbon-based energy storage device, for example based on graphene.If the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact touch each other, so that an electrical connection is established between the first and the second electrical contact, then an electrical connection can be established between the electrical energy source and the electrical energy sink, for example the electrically rechargeable energy storage device, via the electrical conductor in the first connecting part, the first electrical contact, the second electrical contact and the electrical conductor in the second connecting part, so that electrical energy can be transported from the energy source to the energy sink.It is also possible for electrical energy in the form of electric current to be conducted through the contact unit from the energy storage device, which then serves as an energy source, into the supply grid, which then represents an energy sink, for example to stabilize the electrical supply grid or part of the electrical supply grid and / or, more generally, to provide grid-serving power from the energy storage device. For this purpose, the supply grid can be electrically connected, for example, to the first electrical contact and the energy storage device to the second electrical contact. It is equally conceivable, for example, for the electrical supply grid to be electrically connected to the second electrical contact and the energy storage device to the first electrical contact.

[0057] In one embodiment, the first and / or second connecting part may have a temperature conditioning feature. The temperature conditioning feature may set the temperature of the first and / or second connecting part to a temperature of less than 120°C, preferably 90°C, particularly preferably 60°C.

[0058] A temperature sensor can be used to detect the temperature of the first and / or second connecting part. For example, it is possible to arrange the temperature sensor at or close to the first and / or second electrical contact.

[0059] Temperature conditioning is possible, for example, with flowing air, which can absorb heat generated in the contact unit and dissipate it into the environment. Flowing air can, for example, be provided by a fan or compressor that blows flowing air into the first and / or second connecting part, for example into air inlet openings provided for this purpose. It is also conceivable for the flowing air to be provided from a reservoir, for example a pressure vessel, at a pressure at the air inlet openings so that the flowing air can flow into the air inlet openings. It is also possible for the flowing air, starting from the air inlet openings, to be guided in the contact unit by means of an air duct in the contact unit, for example in the first connecting part. It is also possible for the flowing air to be spatially distributed in the contact unit by means of an air distributor.It can be advantageous if the flowing air reaches the first electrical contact and / or the second electrical contact with spatially even distribution. Temperature conditioning can be further improved if the flowing air itself is conditioned to a predetermined temperature, for example 20 °C or to an ambient temperature that can be detected in the area surrounding the contact unit using an additional temperature sensor. However, it is also possible to remove heat energy from the contact unit, for example with the aid of a coolant that can flow in a coolant channel arranged around the first and / or second electrical contact. Water, for example, can be used as a coolant.In order to determine the amount of air and / or cooling medium to be provided for cooling within a period of time and to provide it based on this, it may be necessary to evaluate a signal from a sensor, for example a temperature sensor.

[0060] One advantage resulting from temperature conditioning, in particular from cooling the contact unit, is that it can keep a temperature-dependent ohmic resistance, for example in the first and / or second electrical contact or in an electrical conductor, below a specified maximum value. Since the ohmic resistance is associated with electrical power loss generated within the contact unit, the power loss and associated heat generation in the contact unit can also be limited. Furthermore, materials used in the contact unit, for example when used in an insulation system, may only be used at temperatures within a specified range in order to guarantee a specified insulation function and service life. Temperature conditioning can also be used to maintain such a temperature range.

[0061] In one embodiment, it is possible for the contact unit to comprise a control unit. It is conceivable for the control unit to provide a control signal for establishing and / or breaking an electrical connection between the first connecting part and the second connecting part. Such a control signal can, for example, relate to the actuator, for example to move the moving section relative to the fixing section. In this case, it is possible, for example, for the control unit to process a signal that is indicative of a position of the moving section relative to the fixing section. Such a signal can, for example, be provided by a sensor, such as an optical sensor, a magnetic sensor, eddy current sensor, or even a limit switch, which can perform a sensory function here.It may also be that the control unit processes a signal that is indicative of whether the first connecting part is in the rest position with respect to the second connecting part.

[0062] Furthermore, a control signal relating to the electromagnet is also conceivable, for example, to set the electromagnet to an active or inactive state. This can be achieved, for example, by switching an electrical power source that can provide electrical current to the coil winding of the electromagnet on or off accordingly. The control signal relating to the electromagnet can, for example, also be implemented as a function of a signal that is indicative of a position of the moving section relative to the fixing section. However, it can also be made dependent on whether, for example, the first control pilot contact and the second control pilot contact are touching each other.

[0063] The control unit can be implemented, for example, as a microcontroller that has a processing unit and a memory and also includes a suitable interface that can be used to receive and transmit signals, for example, the aforementioned control signals and / or sensor signals. The function of the control unit can be determined, for example, by a control program stored in the memory. Furthermore, it is also conceivable, for example, for a functionality of the control unit to be implemented using an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), wherein a configuration of the FPGA that determines the functionality can be stored in a memory connected to it.

[0064] The control unit can also perform the task of charge state monitoring, for example in the form that, when a battery storage unit to be charged is fully charged, the current flow is terminated and the electrical connection between the first and second connecting parts is severed. Other management functions such as time and cost recording, data acquisition, identity verification, communication, for example with a central system control system or a server, alarm functions, error detection, temperature monitoring and cooling control are also functions that can potentially be implemented by the control unit. For this purpose, it may be necessary for additional sensors to be installed in the contact unit, for example a temperature sensor and / or a time sensor, and for signals generated by the additional sensors to be received and processed by the control unit.

[0065] The control unit can further provide functionality that controls an optional user interface, providing a user with an opportunity to perform an operation. Such a user interface can, for example, include a display element, such as a display or an LED, and / or switches, buttons, a touchpad, or other conceivable input devices with which the user can operate the contact unit.

[0066] In one embodiment, it is possible for the contact unit to have reverse polarity protection. Reverse polarity protection means that a design measure and / or an implemented test method prevents the first connecting part and the second connecting part from being aligned in any way relative to one another, in particular when the first and second electrical contacts touch one another and / or are in close proximity to one another, for example, during the establishment of an electrically conductive connection between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact and / or during the separation of an electrically conductive connection between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact.

[0067] The polarity reversal protection is designed to limit a plurality of possible electrical connection configurations of the first electrical contact with the second electrical contact and / or the first protective conductor contact with the second protective conductor contact and / or the first control pilot contact with the second control pilot contact to a predefined number, for example to exactly one possible connection configuration or, for example, exactly two possible connection configurations. Polarity reversal protection has the advantage that, for example in electrical connections using direct current and / or direct voltage, no unintended electrical connections are created, which in such a case could lead to a fault current and / or damage to the contact unit and / or connected components, or even to injury to a user.

[0068] In one embodiment, such reverse polarity protection is conceivable in which, for example, the first connecting part has, at least in one section, an outer shape which is substantially complementary to an outer complementary shape of at least one section of the second connecting part, wherein the shape and complementary shape are designed to engage with one another and, by means of the engagement, to predetermine the arrangement of the first connecting part with respect to the second connecting part.

[0069] Another possible way of implementing reverse polarity protection is, for example, to arrange the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact on the first and second connecting parts, respectively, in such a way that the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact can only touch each other, for example, and in the specified connection configuration, if the first and second connecting parts are aligned with each other in a corresponding manner, for example by selecting an arrangement of the respective contacts that is asymmetrical to the contact axis. This type of contact arrangement can be provided in an analogous manner, additionally or alternatively, using first and second protective conductor contacts and / or first and second control pilot contacts.

[0070] It is then possible, for example, that when the first protective conductor contact and the second protective conductor contact touch each other, for example with the help of a control program stored in the control unit, a test is carried out to determine whether and / or which electrical connections exist between the first protective conductor contact and the second protective conductor contact, for example by detecting and evaluating a possible electrical current flow between the first and second protective conductor contacts. Such a test can be carried out in an analogous manner, additionally or alternatively, using the first and second electrical contacts and / or the first and second control pilot contacts. Based on the test result, a decision can be made, for example, as to whether or not energy can be transferred through the contact unit.

[0071] The contact unit can be used, for example, when recharging the battery storage unit of a battery-electric vehicle.

[0072] A method for operating a contact unit is also disclosed. The method can also relate to establishing a high-current connection for recharging a battery storage unit of a battery-powered electric vehicle. For example, the method can be carried out using a contact unit described above. The features described with respect to the contact unit are therefore also applicable to the method, just as, conversely, the features of the method are applicable to the contact unit.

[0073] The disclosed method comprises the steps: Arranging a first connecting part with a first electrical contact and a second connecting part with a second electrical contact such that the first connecting part and the second connecting part are movable relative to one another along a contacting axis that runs in a contacting direction, wherein the first connecting part is positionable relative to the second connecting part along the contacting axis such that a first portion of the first connecting part lies in a rest position relative to the second connecting part; positioning a first portion of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part in the rest position;Displacing a second section of the first connecting part in the contacting direction relative to the first section, so that the second section of the first connecting part and the second connecting part lie against one another in the contacting direction and the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact touch one another; moving a locking element into a locking position in which it prevents movement of the first section of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part and allows movement of the second section of the first connecting part relative to the first section of the first connecting part; and moving the locking element into an unlocking position in which it allows movement of the first section of the first connecting part relative to the second connecting part and prevents movement of the second section of the first connecting part relative to the first section of the first connecting part.

[0074] The disclosed method may further comprise one or more of the steps: Activating an electromagnet; Deactivating an electromagnet;

[0075] Furthermore, the disclosed method may also comprise one or more of the following steps: Moving the second electrical contact by moving a kinematically coupled contact protection reset device; providing a contact force between the first and second electrical contacts; opening a cover; closing a cover.

[0076] Likewise, one or more of the following steps may be part of the process: Connecting the first connecting part to an energy source; connecting the second connecting part to an energy source; connecting the first connecting part to an energy storage device; connecting the second connecting part to an energy storage device. Further potential method steps include: conditioning the temperature of the contact unit; providing a control signal; processing a sensor signal; providing a communication signal; processing a communication signal.

[0077] One possible application of the electrical contact unit is to create an electrically conductive connection, or electrical connection for short. The electrical connection can be used to conduct an electrical current. The electrical connection can be a high-current connection, where high-current connection encompasses the ability to conduct a high electrical current.

[0078] The electrical contact unit can be used to establish an electrical connection between an electrical energy source and an electrical battery storage unit, or battery storage unit for short. The battery storage unit is designed to store electrical energy. The battery storage unit can be rechargeable. The battery storage unit can provide energy for a vehicle. The vehicle can be battery-powered. This means that the vehicle or components of the vehicle can be operated with energy provided by the battery storage unit.

[0079] Vehicles include motorized means of transport on land, water, in the air, and in space, such as cars, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. These can also include motorized, motion-oriented systems found in some industrial plants, such as cranes, conveyor belts, or other industrial transport systems. It is conceivable that a vehicle could be operated with or without human interaction—i.e., autonomously—or controlled by a control system.

[0080] The electrical contact unit can also be used in systems not primarily geared toward movement, for example, in an electrical energy storage device, which can, however, be designed for both stationary and mobile operation. An application without an energy storage device is also conceivable, although in such an application, it may be important to establish a connection between an electrical energy source and an electrical energy sink.

[0081] However, the preferred application of the electrical contact unit is to establish a high-current connection. This high-current connection can be used, for example, to recharge the battery storage unit of a battery-powered electric vehicle.

[0082] The following figures illustrate exemplary embodiments and explain them below. They show: Fig. 1 : a schematic representation of the contact unit; Fig. 2a to 2d: each shows a schematic representation of a first connecting part designed as a plug; Fig. 3a to 3f : a schematic representation of a second connecting part designed as a socket; Fig. 4a to 4d : a schematic representation of the first and second connecting parts in different positions relative to each other; Fig. 5a to 5d : a schematic representation of the first and second connecting parts in different positions relative to each other; Fig. 6a to 6b : a schematic representation of a clamping element; Fig. 6c to 6d : a schematic representation of a kinematic coupling between the clamping element and a locking element; Fig. 7a to 7b : a schematic representation of a locking and unlocking of a second section of the first connecting part; Fig. 8a to 8c: a schematic representation of the first and second connecting parts when establishing an electrical connection between the first and second connecting parts; Fig. 9a to 9b : each a schematic representation of a kinematic coupling between a contact resetter and a second electrical contact. Fig. 10a to 10c : a schematic representation of an air duct for temperature conditioning; Fig. 11a to 11b : a schematic representation of an alternative air flow for temperature conditioning; Fig. 12a to 12b : a schematic representation of the alternative air flow for temperature conditioning with first and second connecting part.

[0083] Recurring elements in the figures are provided with identical reference numerals and have been partially omitted, in particular when no reference is made to these elements with respect to a specific drawing. It is further understood that the exemplary embodiments shown merely represent possibilities for implementing the disclosed inventive concepts and have no limiting effect whatsoever. All figures comprise merely schematic representations, even if this is not always explicitly stated. Details not addressed in the explanation may be omitted from individual representations. Furthermore, the figures only comprise representations for which it is assumed that the first connecting part is a plug and the second connecting part is a socket.However, the principles shown can also be applied in an analogous manner to the case where the first connecting part is a socket and the second connecting part is a plug.

[0084] Figure 1 shows a contact unit 1. It comprises a first connecting part 100 and a second connecting part 200. Both connecting parts 100, 200 are arranged on a contacting axis 11 and aligned therewith such that they are displaceable relative to each other in a contacting direction 12, which runs in the direction of the contacting axis 11. In Figure 1The first connecting part 100 is arranged with respect to the contacting axis 11 such that the contacting axis 11 passes through a central point of the first connecting part 100. Likewise, the second connecting part 200 is arranged with respect to the contacting axis 11 such that the contacting axis 11 passes through a central point of the second connecting part 200.

[0085] Furthermore, Figure 1a Cartesian coordinate system 13 is shown, each having a coordinate axis in an x-direction, a y-direction, and a z-direction, wherein the coordinate axis in the y-direction is aligned parallel to the contacting axis 11. During operation of the contact unit 1, the first connecting part 100 can be at least partially inserted into the second connecting part 200, wherein the direction of displacement during insertion corresponds to the positive y-direction. Separating the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 is accordingly effected by displacing the first connecting part 100 relative to the second connecting part 200 in the negative y-direction. Displacing the first connecting part 100 relative to the second connecting part 200 can be effected by moving the first connecting part 100 and / or the second connecting part 200.

[0086] Figure 1further shows a control unit 300. The control unit 300 can be, for example, a microcontroller, a programmable logic controller, a computer, an FPGA, or even an electronic circuit. The control unit 300 can be designed as a control unit 300. However, it is also possible that the control unit 300, for example, as in Figure 1 shown, comprises several control units, for example a first control unit 301 and a second control unit 302. The first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 can be communicatively connected, for example electrically. In Figure 1 In the example shown, the first control unit 301 can be in communication with the first connecting part 100. For this purpose, it can be arranged outside, but also inside the first connecting part 100. For example, the first control unit 301 can be designed as a control unit of a charging station. In the Figure 1 In the example shown, the second control unit 302 can be in communicative connection with the second connecting part 200. For this purpose, it can be arranged outside or inside the second connecting part 200. For example, the second control unit 302 can be designed as a control unit of a vehicle. The communication between the first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 can be established, for example, via an electrical connection that includes an electrical connection established via a first control pilot contact 123 and a second control pilot contact 213. It is also possible for the first control unit 301 and the second control unit 302 to communicate with each other via a radio connection. It is further conceivable that the first and second control units 301, 302 can perform tasks independently of one another.

[0087] The control unit 300 can be used to output control signals to the first connecting part 100 and / or second connecting part 200, for example to control an actuator drive 141 (in Figure 1 not shown) or to receive signals, for example a switching signal of an operating element 126 (in Figure 1 not shown), which can be, for example, a switch, button or even a touchpad, or a sensor signal, for example, an end position sensor, such as a micro switch, a Hall sensor or a distance sensor. Other signals can relate to a position of the actuator drive 141 but also a temperature, for example in the environment of the contact unit 1 and / or within the contact unit 1. Signals can be transmitted using the control pilot contacts 123, 223 (in Figure 1The control unit 300 can provide a user interface via which the contact unit 1 can be operated. It can also be used to control and monitor a charging process, for example, to determine whether operating limits, such as temperature or current, are being observed. The control unit can be used to automate the operation of the contact unit 1, for example by executing a method for operating the contact unit 1 as a program in the control unit 300.Such a method can, for example, comprise one or more steps, such as evaluating a sensor signal, providing a control signal for the actuator drive 141, activating an electromagnet 124, deactivating the electromagnet 124, connecting the first connecting part 100 to a power source, connecting the second connecting part 200 to a power source, connecting the first connecting part 100 to an energy storage device, connecting the second connecting part 200 to an energy storage device, opening a cover, closing a cover, providing a communication signal, and processing a communication signal. The control unit 300 can further have a communication interface. It is conceivable for the control unit 300 to receive data and / or control signals via the communication interface. In this way, it is also possible for the control unit 300 to be designed to be remotely controllable.It is also possible for the program of the control unit 300 to be changed via the communication interface.

[0088] The Figures 2a to 2d each show a schematic representation of a first connecting part 100 designed as a plug 100.

[0089] The first connecting part 100 in Figure 2ahas a first section 101 and a second section 102. In particular, a surface 102a of the second section 102 is visible in this illustration, which represents an end face 102a of the second section 102 and is oriented substantially perpendicular to a contacting direction 12. First protective conductor contacts 122, an electromagnet 124, and the first control pilot contact 123 are arranged on this end face 102a. The end face 102a has recesses 130 from which the first protective conductor contacts 122 protrude, for example perpendicular to the end face 102a. In this example, the first protective conductor contacts 122 have a substantially cylindrical shape. Furthermore, projections 132 are visible, behind which a first electrical contact 121 is arranged (concealed by the projections 132 in this figure). This makes direct contact with the first electrical contact 121 more difficult.The second section 102 is designed such that it is at least partially surrounded by the first section 101 on surfaces that are not the end face 102a, is movable within the first section 101 and is further shaped such that the first section 101 can guide the second section 102 during a movement in the contacting direction 12.

[0090] In Figure 2aFurthermore, a holding device 190 can be seen, which is fastened to the first section 101 with the aid of several spacers 191. The holding device 190 has a rod shape in sections and is designed to at least partially encircle the first section 101. This design is advantageous because a rod shape can be grasped by a human hand, thus enabling easy handling of the first connecting part 100. The graspability of the holding device 190 is supported by the fact that a gap is formed between the first section 101 and the holding device 190 by the use of spacers 191, which establish a substantially rigid connection between the holding device 190 and the first section 101. On the other hand, it is also clear that in other embodiments a holding device 190 can be realized in a different way, for example by a recess in the first section 101.

[0091] Figure 2b shows the first connecting part 100 of Figure 2ain a side view. The contact axis 11 can be seen, which runs along the contact direction 12. In addition, a stop edge 131, a locking element 111, and a locking recess 110 are shown. The stop edge 131, the locking element 111, the locking recess 111a, and the locking recess 110 are designed to specify a positioning of the first connecting part 100 with respect to the second connecting part 200. The stop edge 131 can also serve as a sealing element. It can, for example, be made of a sealing material such as rubber. In this figure, the second section 102 is at least partially enclosed by the first section 101 such that the end face 102a is located outside the area enclosed by the first section 101.In this illustration, the second section 102 is in a position where the first electrical contact 121, which is arranged on the second section 102, is covered by the first section 101, thereby at least making it difficult for a potential user to manually touch the first electrical contact 121. In the illustrated embodiment, the first protective conductor contacts 122 do not protrude beyond the end face 102a of the second section 102.

[0092] Figure 2c shows an isometric view of the first connecting part 100 from the Figures 2a and 2b. Several side surfaces 101a of the first section 101 are visible, and it can be seen that the locking recess 111a for a locking element 111 and a detent recess 110 are arranged on each of the side surfaces 101a. In this illustration, the second section 102 is in a locked position in which movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is prevented. In the locked position, for example, movement of the first connecting part 100 is possible without the first section 101 and the second section 102 moving unintentionally relative to one another, thereby creating, for example, a situation in which the first section 101 does not cover the first electrical contact 121.

[0093] Figure 2d shows the isometric view of the first connecting part 100 from Figure 2cin a situation in which the second section 102 is not in the locked position, but in an unlocked position. The second section 102 protrudes from the first section 101 such that the first electrical contact 121 is not covered by the first section 101. The first electrical contact 121 is arranged on each of the side surfaces 102b of the second section 102. The first electrical contact 121 has an extended shape, here, but not necessarily, with a rectangular base and knob-shaped projections, wherein the knob-shaped projections have a curved shape at one end, for example in the shape of a hemisphere. This curvature allows a contacting process in which better sliding is possible compared to a more angular shape. Furthermore, the quality of an electrical connection that can be established with this contact is more predictable and reproducible.To establish an electrical connection, the first electrical contact 121 comprises an electrically conductive material, for example copper, aluminum, a carbon-based electrical conductor, a metallic alloy, or equivalent.

[0094] In Figure 2d The locking element 111 is shown in a locking position. It can also be seen that the locking element 111 is arranged on each of the side surfaces 101a of the first section 101 or the side surfaces 102b of the second section 102. This allows for a uniform locking and thus also a related, uniform distribution of a force on the first connecting part 100, which may be necessary to hold the first connecting part 100 in a position. In addition to the previous figures, Figure 2dan operating element 126, for example a switch or push-button, is shown, with which operating actions can be performed, for example to initiate the establishment of an electrical connection between the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200. This operating element 126 can, for example, be attached to the holding device 190. Alternatively or equally, the operating element 126 can also be attached in another suitable position on the first and / or second connecting part 100, 200 or on an operating unit (not shown here) or a control unit, with which automated operating actions and / or switching actions can also be possible.

[0095] The Figures 3a to 3f show a schematic representation of a second connecting part 200 designed as a socket 200. The second connecting part 200 can be designed such that it can be connected to the first connecting part 100 in the Figures 2a to 2dcan interact. The first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 can then be designed such that they have a shape that is at least partially complementary to one another and such that, for example, the first connecting part 100 can be at least partially displaced into or out of a cavity 203 defined by the second connecting part 200. It is then possible for the first connecting part 100 to be guided by an edge of the second connecting part 200 during displacement.

[0096] Figure 3ashows the second connecting part 200 in a front view. Visible is an end face 201a on which a sealing element 204 is arranged. Furthermore, four side surfaces 202 of the second connecting part 200 are shown, as well as an inner boundary, which includes surfaces of a contact reset element 240 and a magnetic counter element 224. The end face 201a and the inner boundary are substantially perpendicular to the contacting axis 11 (in Figure 3a not registered) which runs in the contact direction 12 (in Figure 3a(not registered). The side surfaces 202 are arranged such that they run essentially parallel to the contact axis 11. In an alternative embodiment, an arrangement of the side surfaces 202 would also be conceivable in which opposite side surfaces 202 are not aligned parallel to one another, but rather, for example, taper towards one another. The side surfaces 101a of the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100 and / or the side surfaces 102b of the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 can be aligned essentially parallel to the side surfaces 202 of the second connecting part. This enables interaction between the first and second connecting parts 100, 200.

[0097] The plane of the end face 201a, the inner boundary, and the side surfaces 202 of the second connecting part define the cavity 203 of the second connecting part. In the illustrated form, this cavity 203 has a substantially cuboid shape, which can also be viewed as a cylindrical shape with a square or generally rectangular base. It is also conceivable for the cavity 203 to have a cylindrical shape in which the base is not rectangular. For example, a base with three or even five or more corners, which can also be rounded or chamfered, is conceivable, or, for example, a non-rectilinear boundary of the base. The side surfaces 202 of the second connecting part 200 are then to be adapted in their geometric shape to the base such that a corresponding cylindrical shape is created.Beyond the cylindrical shape, a tapering of the cavity 203 along the contact axis 11, for example, is also conceivable. The first connecting part 100 can then also have a shape different from that shown in the . Figure 2a to 2d shown form in that its surfaces 101a, 102b are adapted in dimension and orientation to the cavity 203 of the second connecting part such that the first connecting part 100 can be inserted, at least partially, into the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200.

[0098] In Figure 3aFurthermore, second protective conductor contacts 222 are visible, which are arranged on the inner boundary and are each positioned on a projection 230. The projections 230 shown can be aligned such that they face the recesses 130 of the first connecting part 100 when the first connecting part 100 is inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200 and can be brought into engagement with them. The recesses 130 of the first connecting part 100 and the projections 230 of the second connecting part 200 can be complementary to one another. Furthermore, in Figure 2aA magnetic counter-element 224 is shown, here in the form of a magnetic counter-plate 224 made of a magnetic or magnetizable material, such as iron. The magnetic counter-plate 224 has the shape of a circular cylinder, although a different cylindrical base surface is also conceivable, such as a polygonal shape or another shaped base surface. The second control pilot contact can be arranged on the magnetic counter-element. Furthermore, locking elements 210 are indicated, which are arranged on the side surfaces 202.

[0099] Figure 3b represents the second connecting part Figure 3a in a side view. Figure 3bcontains a representation of the second electrical contact 221, which is arranged around the cavity 203, which is not visible in this representation. Furthermore, the basic structure 201 of the second connecting part 200 is visible in this representation. It can serve to at least partially separate the second connecting part 200 from the environment. This separation can serve both to provide electrical insulation between the environment and electrically conductive components of the second connecting part 200, for example the second electrical contact 221, and to protect the second connecting part 200 from moisture and / or other environmental influences such as dust, vapors, or unwanted mechanical forces. The basic structure 201 also serves to fasten the second connecting part 200 to surrounding vehicle parts or system components and / or as a central support component for attaching further components of the second connecting part 200 thereto.. Figure 3b also shows the contacting axis 11 in an orientation with respect to the second connecting part 200, in which a merging with the first connecting part 100 is possible. Furthermore, in Figure 3bthe arrangement of an electrical conductor 227 is shown, which is connected to the second electrical contact 221. The electrical conductor 227 is designed to conduct large electrical currents, for example up to 1600 A, preferably 1900 A, particularly preferably up to 3000 A. An electrical connection that can conduct such a current, for example or in particular without time restriction, can be a high-current connection or be referred to as a high-current connection. The electrical connection that can be established by touching the first electrical contact 121 with the second electrical contact 221 can be a high-current connection. Furthermore, with the electrical conductor 227, an electrical connection can be established between the second electrical contact 221 and, for example, an electrical energy storage device (not shown). The electrical current can be, for example, a direct current.However, alternating current is also conceivable.

[0100] Figure 3c shows that in the Figures 3a and 3b shown second connecting part 200 in a slightly perspective view. The second connecting part 200 can be seen in a state in which the first connecting part 100 is either not plugged into the second connecting part 200 or is in the rest position. In this state, the second electrical contact 221 (not visible in Figure 3c ) is covered by the contact reset 240. Manual touching of the second electrical contact 221, for example by a user, is therefore at least difficult in this state.

[0101] Figure 3d shows the second connecting part 200 from Figure 3cin a side perspective. Shown are the second protective conductor contacts 222, which are arranged in bores 231 provided for them in the projections 230, which have a conical shape. The second protective conductor contacts 222 are movably arranged and can be pressed away from the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200 against a biasing element 222a, for example a mechanical spring, of the second protective conductor contact 222. The pushing away can be realized, for example, with the first protective conductor contacts 122 of the first connecting part 100 protruding from the recesses 130. The biasing element 222a of the second protective conductor contact 222 is designed to exert a force directed towards the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200, for example a spring force that depends on how far a spring is compressed, on the second protective conductor contact 222.With the aid of the preload force, a position of the second protective conductor contact 222 can be adjusted, in particular when the first connecting part 100 is not, or at least only partially, located in the second connecting part 200 or in the rest position. In . Figure 3d such a position is shown in which the second protective conductor contact 222 is flush with the projection 230.

[0102] It is also visible that the contact resetter 240 spatially separates the second electrical contact 221 from the cavity 203. The contact resetter 240 is shaped on the side facing the cavity 203 in such a way that it can come into contact with the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 over a large area and thus can exert a displacement force on the second section 102. This displacement force can be provided by a biasing element 240a of the contact resetter 240, wherein the biasing element 240a can also be a mechanical spring that is Figure 3d is arranged on the side of the contact reset device 240 facing away from the cavity 203.

[0103] The contact resetter 240 is furthermore kinematically coupled to the second electrical contact 221, wherein the kinematic coupling comprises a connecting element 241 rigidly connected to the contact resetter and a displacement element 242 movable perpendicular to the contacting direction 12. The displacement element 242 is further connected to the second electrical contact 221, which in Figure 3d via an elastic element 243, in this case a disc spring, is movably arranged on the displacement element 242. The second electrical contact 221 is connected to the electrical conductor 227, which may be flexible and, for example, designed as a stranded wire. The second electrical contact 221 may be a power contact designed to conduct high powers and / or currents, for example, up to 1600 A, preferably 1900 A, and particularly preferably up to 3000 A.

[0104] The coupling between the rigid connecting piece 241 and the movable sliding element 242 can be achieved via a roller bearing 244 (not shown here), for example a ball bearing 244, arranged in a guide groove 245 (not shown here) of the sliding element 242 and connected to the connecting element 241. In principle, a guide pin in the guide groove 245 would also be conceivable instead of the roller bearing 244. However, a roller bearing 244 offers the advantage of better mobility with lower friction. Furthermore, the movable sliding element 242 is restricted to movement perpendicular to the contact axis 11 by a guide cylinder 246 that can be moved in a guide bore.

[0105] In Figure 3dfurthermore, a recess 211 is shown which can be brought into engagement with the locking element 111 of the first connecting part 100, so that the locking element 111 is in a locking position and a movement of the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100 with respect to the second connecting part 200 is prevented. Figure 3d also shows the locking element 210, which here has a shape divided into three cylindrical, interconnected sections and is elastically (not visible) attached to the second connecting part 200 such that the locking element 210 is moved when the first connecting part 100 is inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200 such that it essentially does not protrude from the respective side wall 202, except when it is engaged with the locking recess 110 of the first connecting part 100.

[0106] In Figure 3ethe second connecting part 200 is made of the Figures 3a to 3d shown in a state in which the second electrical contact 221 protrudes from the respective side wall 202 into the cavity 203 and is thus visible in the illustration. Also visible are the locking elements 210, which in this state protrude from the respective side wall 202 into the cavity 203 of the second connecting part.

[0107] Figure 3f shows the second connecting part 200 from Figure 3e in a side view similar to the view in Figure 3d In contrast to Figure 3dThe second connecting part 200 can be seen in a state in which the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 (not shown in the image) is inserted into the cavity 203 of the second connecting part 200 up to an end position. In this state, the contact resetter 240 is displaced in a direction away from the cavity 203, so that the second electrical contact 221 is not covered by the contact resetter 240. With the contact resetter 240, the connecting element 241 is displaced in the contacting direction. Via the coupled movable displacement element 242, the second electrical contact 221 is also displaced perpendicular to the contacting direction 12 such that an end of the second electrical contact 221 facing the cavity 203 protrudes into the cavity 203. The second protective conductor contacts 222 are also displaced.In this state, the biasing elements 222a of the second protective conductor contacts 222 and the biasing element 240a of the contact resetter 240 provide biasing forces.

[0108] Fig. 4a to 4d Each shows a schematic representation of the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 in different positions relative to each other. In particular, it becomes clear how the various elements of the contact unit 1 interact.

[0109] Figure 4a shows the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 schematically in a two-dimensional projection. The first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 are aligned along the contacting axes 11. The contacting axis 11 points in the y-direction of the coordinate system 13. The coordinate axes in the z-direction and x-direction are each aligned perpendicular to the contacting axis 11. The schematic representation in Figure 4ais simplified under the assumption of symmetry with respect to the contact axis 11. Therefore, only one half of the two-dimensional projection is shown, since the other half results from the assumed symmetry of the projection.

[0110] Figure 4ashows accordingly the first section 101, the second section 102 and a clamping element 143 of the first connecting part 100. In addition, the locking recess 110 and the locking element 111 are shown. Also shown are the first contact 121, the first protective conductor contact 122 and the electromagnet 124. Furthermore, the basic frame 201 of the second connecting part 200, the locking recess 211 and the locking element 210 are shown. In addition, there are the contact resetter 240 and the pretensioning element 240a of the contact resetter 240 as well as the second contact 221, the pretensioning element 243 of the second contact 221 and the second protective conductor contact 222 of the second connecting part 200. In addition, Figure 4a the first control pilot contact 123 and the second control pilot contact 223 are entered.

[0111] In Figure 4aThe first connecting part 100 is located outside the second connecting part 200. However, the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 are in a position relative to each other in which they are movable relative to each other on the contact axis 11 and can be pushed towards each other. With respect to the coordinate system 13 and based on the constellation in Figure 4a the first connecting part 100 can be at least partially inserted into the second connecting part 200 by displacing the first connecting part 100 in the direction of the positive y-coordinate. Figure 4athe locking element 111 is in a position in which it does not protrude from the side surface 101a of the first section 101 in a direction perpendicular to the contacting direction. This position of the locking element 111 is (not directly evident from the illustration) both an unlocking position and a locking position. Unlocking position because the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 are not locked to one another in this way, i.e., they cannot move relative to one another. Locking position because the second section 102 cannot move relative to the first section 101. Furthermore, it can be seen that the first electrical contact 121 is covered by the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100, and it can be seen that the second electrical contact 221 is covered by the contact resetter 240 and is accordingly inaccessible by a cavity 203.The contact resetter 240 is pressed by the biasing element 240a of the contact resetter 240 toward the cavity 203. The movement of the contact resetter 240 is in . Figure 4a limited by a projection in the basic frame 201.

[0112] Figure 4aalso shows an actuator 140 consisting of an actuator drive 141, for example an electric motor, an actuator connector 142, for example a threaded rod, and the clamping element 143. The actuator drive 141 is designed to move the actuator connector 142 in the y-direction. The actuator connector 142 is coupled to the clamping element 143, for example with a screw connection. The actuator drive 141 is designed to be controllable, so that the adjustment of a position of the clamping element 143 in the y-direction is possible via a control of the actuator drive 141. The actuator drive 141 can be arranged in a fixing section or, at least partially, for example with an actuator drive housing, form this. The actuator connector 142 and the clamping element 143 can form a movement section, wherein the movement section is arranged to be movable relative to the fixing section.The fixing section is rigidly connected to the first section 101.

[0113] The representation in Figure 4b is almost identical to the representation in Figure 4a , with the difference that the first connecting part 100 is now in the rest position. In this rest position, the locking element 210 is engaged with the locking recess 110. Conversely, the locking element 210 and the locking recess 110 can define the rest position through the engagement. In Figure 4b Furthermore, a rest position sensor 112 is shown, which is omitted from the other figures for reasons of clarity. The rest position sensor 112 detects whether the first connecting part 100 is in the rest position or not. The rest position sensor can, as shown in Figure 4bshown, can be placed in several positions, for example on or in the base frame 201 of the second connecting part 200 or on or in the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100. In addition, various designs are possible, for example as a micro-switch, which is actuated by a contact between the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 or as a Hall sensor, optionally with an opposing magnet, or eddy current sensor, with which a spacing between surfaces of the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 can be determined. Signals provided by the said sensors 112 can be processed in the control unit 300 ( Figure 1 ). The second electrical contact 221 is covered by the contact reset 240 and is therefore inaccessible from the cavity 203.

[0114] The representation in Figure 4c differs from the representation in Figure 4bby the position of the clamping element 143. The shape of the locking element 111 is coordinated with the shape of the clamping element 143. This allows the displacement of the locking element 111 by a displacement of the clamping element 143. The displacement of the clamping element 143 is possible with the aid of the actuator drive 141, which is connected to the clamping element 143 via the actuator connector 142.

[0115] In Figure 4c the locking element 111 is pushed into the recess 211 in the second connecting part 200. The first section 101 is thus immovably positioned in the second connecting part 200. This means that the first section 101 cannot move relative to the second connecting part 200. In this position, however, a movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is possible (in Figure 4cnot visible). In the illustrated position of the clamping element 143, the clamping element 143 and the electromagnet 124 touch each other on a surface that is each oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact direction 12, so that a displacement force in the positive y-direction can be exerted by the clamping element 143 on the electromagnet 124. Since the electromagnet 124 is rigidly connected to the second section 102, the displacement force also acts on the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100. The second electrical contact 221 is covered by the contact resetter 240 and is therefore inaccessible from the cavity 203.

[0116] In contrast to the representation in Figure 4c the clamping element 143 is in Figure 4dfurther displaced in the positive y-direction. By displacing the tensioning element 143, the second section 102 is also displaced in the positive y-direction, which in turn displaces the contact resetter 240 in the positive y-direction against the prestressing force of the prestressing element 240a of the contact resetter 240. By displacing the contact resetter 240, the second electrical contact 221 is no longer covered by the contact resetter 240. The second electrical contact 221 can now be moved in the z-direction far enough that it touches the first electrical contact 121. In this position, in which the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 touch, there is an electrical connection between the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200, so that a current flow can be conducted through the contact unit 1. The movement of the second electrical contact 221 can be controlled by a prestressing force which is determined by the Figure 4don the second electrical contact, or, for example, via the kinematic coupling between contact reset device 240 and second electrical contact 221 described above. In the Figure 4dIn the position of the second section 102 shown, the electromagnet 124 with the magnetic counter-plate 224 can provide an attractive force when the electromagnet 124 is in an active state, for example, in which an electric current is provided in its coil winding. The current flow in the coil winding can be caused by an electric current source electrically connected to the coil winding, which can be switched on and / or off, for example, with the aid of a switch. It is possible for the switch to be actuated by the control device 300 (not shown). The switch can also be actuated manually. For example, the switch can be provided as an operating element 126 on the holding device 190 or by means of a user interface with which the function of the contact unit 1 can be influenced by a user.

[0117] The Figures 4a to 4dThe illustrations shown also show the order in which steps of a method can be carried out with which an electrical contact can be established between the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200.

[0118] The Figures 5a to 5d The illustrations shown show a possibility in which order steps of a method can be carried out with which the electrical connection between the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200 can be released. Fig. 5a to 5d each a schematic representation of the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 in different positions relative to each other.

[0119] The illustration in Figure 5a is the illustration in Figure 4d similar. In contrast to Figure 4d is located in Figure 5athe clamping element 143 is in a position spaced from the electromagnet 124, but in which the locking element 111 engages the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100 and the recess 211 in the second connecting part 200. The first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 touch each other, i.e., an electrically conductive connection exists between them, so that a current can flow through the contact unit 1. When the electromagnet 124 is in an active state, the clamping element 143 can be in a position spaced from the electromagnet 124, since the position of the second section 102 relative to the second connecting part 200 is maintained by the magnetic attraction forces between the electromagnet 124 and the magnetic counter-element 224.

[0120] However, if the electromagnet 124 is placed in an inactive state, for example, by interrupting a current flow through the coil winding of the electromagnet 124, no magnetic attraction forces act between the electromagnet 124 and the magnetic counter-element 224. Thus, caused by a biasing force of the biasing element 240a of the contact resetter 240, a restoring force is exerted on the second section 102 via the contact resetter 240, so that the latter is displaced in the negative y-direction.

[0121] The result of this movement is in Figure 5b The movement of the second section 102 is limited by the clamping element 143. As shown in Figure 5bAs shown, as a result of this movement, the electrical connection between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 is also separated by spacing the two contacts 121, 221 from each other. The second electrical contact 221 is covered by the contact reset 240 and is therefore inaccessible from the cavity 203. In

[0122] Figure 5b It is also shown that the movement of the contact resetter 240 in the negative y-direction is limited by a stop on the base frame 201.

[0123] Figure 5c shows the clamping element 143 of the first connecting part 100 in a compared to Figure 5bPosition shifted in the negative y-direction. In this position, the locking element 111, which is kinematically coupled to the clamping element 143, has arrived in an unlocked position in which a movement of the first section 101 relative to the second connecting part 200 is possible and in which a movement of the second section 102 relative to the first section 101 is simultaneously prevented; in this sense, the unlocked position is simultaneously a blocking position. The clamping element 143 and the electromagnet 124 are now no longer in contact with each other. Figure 5c resembles Figure 4b , that is, this positioning of the elements of the contact unit 1 can occur both when establishing the electrical connection and when breaking the electrical connection.

[0124] The first connecting part 100 can now be separated from the second connecting part 200 by moving it along the contact direction 12, more precisely in the negative y-direction. The result of this separation is shown in Figure 5d shown. Figure 5d resembles Figure 4a , that is, this positioning of the elements of the contact unit 1 can occur both when establishing the electrical connection and when breaking the electrical connection.

[0125] The Figures 6a to 6b show a schematic representation of the clamping element 143. Figure 6a an isometric representation and Figure 6b a side view of the clamping element 143. The clamping element 143 comprises a curved clamping disc 148 with a bore 149 and longitudinal elements, each provided with a guide groove 144. In Figure 6b The coordinate system 13 is entered. The guide groove 144 has three sections 145, 146 and 147, which are particularly well suited to Figure 6bcan be seen. This is an elongated section 146 extending in the y-direction, a short section 147 extending in the y-direction, and a transition section 146 connecting the elongated section 145 and the short section 147. The long section 145 and the short section 147 are arranged offset parallel to each other. The guide groove 144 is designed to receive a guide pin 150 (shown in the Figures 6c and 6d) of the locking element 111 (not shown here). If the clamping element 143 is moved in the y-direction, the guide pin 150, which is arranged in the guide groove 144 and guided by the guide groove 144, is moved in the z-direction. The exact position of the guide pin 150 in the z-direction is determined by the position of the clamping element in the y-direction. The locking element 111, which is rigidly connected to the guide pin 150, can be moved in the z-direction in this way. The clamping disk 148 and the bore 149 can be used to couple the clamping element 143 via the actuator connector 142 (not shown here), for example a threaded rod, to the actuator drive 141, for example a linear motor, for example by pushing the threaded rod through the bore 149 and fastening it there with a screw connection.

[0126] The Figures 6c to 6dshow a schematic representation of the kinematic coupling between the clamping element 143 and the locking element 111. The coordinate system 13 can be Figure 6b analogously to the Figures 6c and 6d be applied. It can be seen that the guide pin 150, which can have a cylindrical shape, for example, and is rigidly connected to the locking element 111, and wherein the cylinder axis can be aligned in the x-direction, is arranged in the guide groove 144. Figure 6c shows a position of the clamping element 143 in which the guide pin 150 is located in the short section 147 of the guide groove 144. The locking element 111 does not protrude from the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100. In Figure 6dThe clamping element 143 is displaced such that the guide pin 150 is located at one end of the elongated section 145 of the guide groove 144. The guide pin 150 is displaced in the z-direction such that the locking element 111 rigidly coupled to it protrudes from the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100.

[0127] The Figures 7a to 7b show a schematic representation of a locking and unlocking of a second section 102 of the first connecting part 100. In comparison to the Figures 6a to 6d Shown is in the Figures 7a and 7b The second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 is shown; other details are omitted or obscured in the illustration. The second section 102 includes a locking guide groove 151 into which the guide pin 150 projects. The locking guide groove 151 has a release section 152 extending in the y-direction and a locking section 153 extending in the z-direction.

[0128] If the guide pin 150 is in the Figure 6c shown position, which is determined by the position of the clamping element 143, then the position of the guide pin 150 with respect to the locking guide groove 151 corresponds to the position shown in Figure 7a. This means that the guide pin 150 is located in the locking section 153 of the locking guide groove 151. In this position, the locking guide groove 151 and the guide pin 150 prevent the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 from moving in the y-direction. Thus, as in Figure 7aAs shown, it is not possible for the second section 102 to slide out of the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100, which partially encloses the second section 102. Furthermore, this ensures that the first electrical contact 121 is concealed by the first section 101 of the first connecting part 100 and thus is not accessible to manual contact. This feature can therefore meet safety requirements.

[0129] If the guide pin 150 is in the Figure 6dshown position, which is determined by the position of the clamping element 143, then the position of the guide pin 150 with respect to the locking guide groove 151 corresponds to the position shown in Figure 7b. This means that the guide pin 150 is located in the release section 152 of the locking guide groove 151. In this position, the movement of the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 in the y-direction is permitted, so that, for example, the establishment of an electrical connection between the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 is possible.

[0130] The Figures 8a to 8c show schematic representations of the first and second connecting parts 100, 200 when establishing an electrical connection between the first and second connecting parts 100, 200. The figures show different sectional views and different levels of detail. Figure 8a shows the first connecting part 100 in the rest position. This position corresponds to the Figure 4c shown position. Also visible are the first protective conductor contacts 122 of the first connecting part 100 and the second protective conductor contacts 222 of the second connecting part 200, which do not touch each other in this position.

[0131] Figure 8b shows a contact direction 12, ie y-direction, in particular positive y-direction, with respect to Figure 8a displaced second section 102. The second section 102 touches the contact resetter 240, whereby the displacement of the second section 102 displaces the contact resetter 240. Thus, the second electrical contact 102 is no longer covered by the contact resetter 240. In addition, the movement of the contact resetter 240 is transferred via the connecting element 241 to the displacement element 242, so that the displacement element 242 in the Figure 8bcan be seen in a position in which the second electrical contact 221 connected to the displacement element 242 is displaced in the direction of the first electrical contact 121. It can be seen that there is still no electrical connection between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221, while the first protective conductor contact 122 and the second protective conductor contact 222 touch each other, i.e. an electrical connection has been established between the two.

[0132] Figure 8c shows a contact direction 12, ie y-direction, specifically in positive y-direction, with respect to Figure 8bdisplaced second section 102. It can be seen how the projection 230 of the second connecting part 100 engages with the recess in the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100. The first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 now touch each other, so that an electrical connection exists, via which a high electrical current can also be conducted.

[0133] The Figures 9a and 9b show a schematic representation of the kinematic coupling between the contact reset 240 and the second electrical contact 221, as used in the contact unit 1 of the Figures 8a to 8c is used. Figure 9aRoller bearings 244, for example ball bearings, are shown, which are attached to the connecting element 241, for example with a rigid connection between an inner ring of the roller bearing 244 and the connecting element 241. This means that when the connecting element 241 is displaced in the y-direction, for example by a displacement of the contact reset device 240 in the y-direction, the roller bearings 244 are simultaneously displaced in the y-direction. Each of the roller bearings 244 protrudes, as in Figure 9bcan be seen, into a section of a guide groove 245 of the displacement element 242. Each section of the guide groove 245 is designed such that the respective rolling bearing 244 can execute an elongated movement in the y-direction with respect to the guide groove 245 and a less elongated, i.e., short, movement in the z-direction. The ratio of elongated movement to short movement is proportional to a force transmission ratio between a displacement force on the force return element 240 and a force acting on the second electrical contact 221 and acting in the direction of the first electrical contact 121.

[0134] The sliding element 242 also has a fixation in the y-direction. This fixation is achieved by the guide holes (not visible) in the z-direction, which are provided in the sliding element 242, and by guide cylinders 246 fixed to the base frame 201, along which the sliding element 242 can move. Due to this design, it is now possible for this movement to be transformed into a z-direction of the sliding element 242 when the contact reset device 240 moves in the y-direction.

[0135] The Figures 10a to 10c each show a schematic representation of an air duct for temperature conditioning. First, Figure 10aIncoming air 184 is provided at the air inlet openings 180, for example, by means of a pressurized air reservoir fluidically connected to the air inlet openings 180 or, for example, by means of a compressor or fan fluidically connected to the air inlet openings 180. In this example, the air inlet openings 180 are arranged on a surface of the second section 102 of the first connecting part 100 opposite the end face 102a (not visible). The incoming air 184 passes through the air inlet openings 180 into air ducts 181, from which it spreads into an air distributor 182.The air distributor 182 has the task of distributing the inflowing air 184 before it flows out of the air distributor 182 in the first connecting part 100 in such a way that the outflowing air 185, i.e., the air flowing out of the air distributor 182 at the air outlet opening 183, is provided at the first electrical contact 121 with as much spatial uniformity as possible. After flowing out, the outflowing air 185 passes over the first electrical contact 121 and, in doing so, absorbs an amount of heat that can be generated by electrical current conduction in the first electrical contact 121. This cools the first electrical contact 121 and heats the air. Figure 10afurther shows an electrical conductor 160 connected to the first electrical contact 121. The electrical conductor 160 is designed to conduct large electrical currents, for example, up to 1600 A, preferably 1900 A, particularly preferably up to 3000 A. With the electrical conductor 160, for example, an electrical connection can be established between the first electrical contact 121 and an electrical energy source or an electrical energy sink.

[0136] Figure 10b shows the Figure 10a shown structure in a perspective view. In addition to the Figure 10a The arrows shown are intended to mark the outflowing air 185. It can be seen that the outflowing air 185 flows out of the air outlet openings 183 next to the first electrical contact 121. The outlet direction is essentially perpendicular to the contact axis 11.

[0137] Figure 10cshows the structure Figure 10b in a side view, where the first electrical contact 121 is clearly visible. In addition, Figure 10cFor example, a temperature sensor 186 is also included, which can, for example, detect a temperature in the vicinity of the first electrical contact 121 and provide the detected temperature, for example, as a corresponding signal to the control unit 300. It is also possible to arrange the temperature sensor at a different location in the first connecting part 100, for example on or in an air duct 181, on or in the air distributor 182, or even on an electrical conductor 160. A possible criterion for the placement of the temperature sensor can also be that a conclusion can be drawn from the measured temperature as to whether, for example, a material-related temperature limit value of a material used in the contact unit is exceeded or not met. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 186 can be provided as a signal to the control unit 300.

[0138] The Figures 11a and 11bshow a schematic representation of an alternative air flow for temperature conditioning. In contrast to the embodiment shown in Figures 10a to 10c, the air outlet openings 183 are now aligned such that the outflowing air 185 does not flow perpendicular to the contact axis 11, but rather at an angle inclined to the contact axis 11, so that the air flow direction has a component in the direction of the contact axis 11. Thus, the outflowing air 185 is directed more specifically to the first electrical contact 121. The cooling effect of the outflowing air 185 can thus be improved. Figure 11a shows this design in a perspective view, Figure 11b in a side view.

[0139] The Figures 12a and 12b show a schematic representation of the alternative air flow for temperature conditioning with first and second connecting parts 100, 200. In Figure 12aThe first and second connecting parts 100, 200 are shown in a position relative to each other in which an electrical connection exists between the first and second connecting parts 100, 200. The first connecting part 100 corresponds to the first connecting part 100 of the Figures 11a and 11b The outflowing air 185 is directed through the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 and can absorb the heat generated there. The outflowing air 185 thus enters the cavity 203 (not shown) and can then exit the cavity 203 through openings and flow out as exhaust air 250.

[0140] Figure 12bshows this from a side perspective. In addition, Figure 12b also shows, by way of example, a temperature sensor 251 which can, for example, detect a temperature in the vicinity of the second electrical contact 221 and provide the detected temperature, for example, as a corresponding signal to the control unit 300. It is also conceivable, for example, for the control unit 300 to control the current intensity flowing through the electrical connection between the first electrical contact 121 and the second electrical contact 221 as a function of the value of the detected temperature such that, for example, at a temperature that is close to an upper, predefined limit, the current intensity is reduced. In this application, it is also possible for the control unit 300 to output a signal based on which more air and / or more coolant is provided to cool the contact unit 1.It is also possible to arrange the temperature sensor 251 at a different location in the second connecting part 200, for example on or in the cavity 203 or also on an electrical conductor 227. A possible criterion for the placement of the temperature sensor can also be that a conclusion can be drawn from the measured temperature as to whether, for example, a material-related temperature limit value of a material used in the contact unit is exceeded or not reached.

[0141] The contact unit 1 can be used to connect a rechargeable battery storage unit in a vehicle to a power source. For this purpose, the first electrical contact 121 of the first connecting part 100 can be electrically connected to the electrical conductor 160 arranged in the first connecting part 100 and connected via this to an electrical power source. Likewise, the second electrical contact 221 of the second connecting part 200 can be electrically connected to the electrical conductor 227 arranged in the second connecting part 200 and connected via this to, for example, a rechargeable battery storage unit.

[0142] It is also possible for electrical energy in the form of electric current to be conducted through the contact unit 1 from the energy storage device, which then serves as an energy source, into the supply grid, which then represents an energy sink, for example for stabilizing the electrical supply grid or part of the electrical supply grid and / or, more generally, for providing grid-serving power from the energy storage device. For this purpose, the supply grid can be electrically connected, for example, to the first electrical contact 121 and the energy storage device to the second electrical contact 221. It is equally conceivable, for example, for the electrical supply grid to be electrically connected to the second electrical contact 221 and the energy storage device to the first electrical contact 121. List of reference symbols

[0143] 1 Contact unit 11 Contact axis 12 Contact direction 13 Cartesian coordinate system 100 First connecting part 101 First section 101a Side surface of the first section 102 Second section 102a End surface of the second section 102b Side surface of the second section 110 Locking recess 111 Locking element 111a Locking recess 112 Rest position sensor 121 First electrical contact 122 First protective conductor contact 123 First control pilot contact 124 Electromagnet 126 Operating element 130 Recess for protective conductor in the first connecting part 131 Stop edge 132 Projection in the second section of the first connecting part 140 Actuator 141 Actuator drive 142 Actuator connector 143 Clamping element 144 Guide groove of the clamping element 145 Long section 146 Connecting section 147 Short section 148 Clamping disc 149 Bore 150 Guide pin 151 Locking guide groove 152 Release section 153 Locking section 160 Electrical conductor 180 Air inlet opening 181 Air duct 182 Air distributor183 Air outlet opening 184 Incoming / flown air 185 Outgoing / flown air 186 Temperature sensor 190 Holding device 191 Spacer 200 Second connecting part 201 Basic structure of the second connecting part 201a End face of the second connecting part 202 Side face of the second connecting part 203 Cavity 204 Sealing element 210 Locking element 211 Recess 221 Second electrical contact 222 Second protective conductor contact 222a Pre-tensioning element of the protective conductor contact 223 Second control pilot contact 224 Magnetic counter element 227 Electrical conductor 230 Projection 231 Bore 232 Stop 240 Contact reset device 240a Pre-tensioning element of the contact reset device 241 Connecting element 242Sliding element 243Spring element 244Rolling bearing 245Guide groove of the sliding element 246Guide cylinder 250Exhaust air 251Temperature sensor 300Control unit 301First control unit 302Second control unit

Claims

1. A contact unit (1) for establishing an electrically conducting connection, comprising: - a first connecting part (100) including a first electrical contact (121) and a second connecting part (200) including a second electrical contact (221), ∘ the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) being arranged so as to be movable with respect to one another along a contacting axis (11), which extends in a contacting direction (12); ∘ the first connecting part (100) comprising a first section (101) and a second section (102), the second section (102) being movable with respect to the first section (101), and the first electrical contact (121) being arranged at the second section (102); ∘ the first connecting part (100) being positionable with respect to the second connecting part (200) along the contacting axis (11) in such a way that the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) ends up in an idle position with respect to the second connecting part (200); ∘ the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) being designed, when they make contact with one another, to establish an electrically conducting connection between the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200), which is designed to conduct electrical energy; - a positioning unit (131, 110, 210), which is designed to predefine the idle position; - an actuator (140), which is designed, when the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) is in the idle position, to displace the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) in the contacting direction (12) relative to the first section (101) in such a way that the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) rest against one another in the contacting direction (12), and the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) are in contact with one another, characterized by - a latching element (111), the latching element (111) being movable between a latching position and an unlatching position, the latching element (111) being designed ∘ in the latching position, to prevent a movement of the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the second connecting part (200), and to allow a movement of the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100), and ∘ in the unlatching position, to permit a movement of the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the second connecting part (200), and to prevent a movement of the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100).

2. The contact unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) in each case include a recess (111a, 211), the latching element (111) being designed, in the latching position, to be engaged with the recess (111a) of the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) and the recess (211) of the second connecting part (200).

3. The contact unit (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the actuator is connected to the first section (102) of the first connecting part and is designed to move the latching element (111) between the latching position and the unlatching position.

4. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a solenoid (124) and a magnet counter-element (224), the solenoid (124) being designed, in an active state and when the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) rest against one another in the contacting direction (12), to provide a magnetic attraction force between the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) by means of a magnetic field, together with the magnet counter-element (224), the magnetic attraction force being at least so large that the second section (102) of the first connecting element (100) is held thereby in a position in which the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) make contact with one another.

5. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrical contact (121) comprises a first power contact, and the second electrical contact (221) comprises a second power contact.

6. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting part (100) includes a first protective ground conductor contact (122), and the second connecting part (200) includes a second protective ground conductor contact (222), the first protective ground conductor contact (122) being electrically connected to electrical ground potential and being designed to establish an electrical connection between the second protective ground conductor contact (222) and the electrical ground potential upon contact with the second protective ground conductor contact (222).

7. The contact unit (1) according to claim 6, wherein the second protective ground conductor contact (222) cooperates with a protective ground conductor preloading element (222a), which is designed to provide a contact force between the first and second protective ground conductor contacts (122, 222) when the first protective ground conductor contact (122) makes contact with the second protective ground conductor contact (222), and wherein the first and second protective ground conductor contacts (122, 222) are arranged opposite one another, each at a surface that is in each case oriented substantially perpendicular to the contacting axis (11).

8. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second connecting part (200) comprises a movable contact protection restoring element (240) provided with a preloading element (240a), which is designed, when the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) is in the idle position, to displace the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) in the contacting direction (12) relative to the first section (101) in such a way that the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) are spaced apart from one another.

9. The contact unit (1) according to claim 8, wherein the second electrical contact (221) is movable and comprises a kinematic coupling between the second electrical contact (221) and the contact protection restoring element (240), the kinematic coupling being designed to transmit a movement of the contact restoring element (240) to the second electrical contact (221) for providing a contact with a contact force between the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) or for spacing the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) apart from one another.

10. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a holding device (190) that is connected to the first connecting part (100) and designed to provide an interface for positioning the first connecting part (100) with respect to the second connecting part (200).

11. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting part (100) is electrically connected to an electrical energy source, and the second connecting part (200) is electrically connected to a chargeable electrical energy store, or the first connecting part (100) is electrically connected to a chargeable electrical energy store, and the second connecting part (200) is electrically connected to an electrical energy source.

12. The contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second connecting parts (100, 200) include temperature conditioning, which is designed to set a temperature of the first and / or second connecting parts (100, 200) to a temperature of less than 120°C, preferably 90°C, and particularly preferably 60°C.

13. Use of a contact unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims for recharging a storage battery of a battery-electric vehicle.

14. A method for operating a contact unit (1), comprising: - arranging a first connecting part (100) including a first electrical contact (121) and a second connecting part (200) including a second electrical contact (221) so that the first connecting part (121) and the second connecting part (200) can be moved with respect to one another along a contacting axis (11) extending in a contacting direction (12), the first connecting part (100) being positionable with respect to the second connecting part (200) along the contacting axis (11) in such a way that a first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) ends up in an idle position with respect to the second connecting part (200); - positioning a first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the second connecting part (200) in the idle position; - displacing a second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) in the contacting direction (12) relative to the first section (101) so that the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part (200) rest against one another in the contacting direction (12), and the first electrical contact (121) and the second electrical contact (221) are in contact with one another, characterized by - moving a latching element (111) into a latching position in which it prevents a movement of the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the second connecting part (200), and allows a movement of the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100), and - moving the latching element (111) into an unlatching position in which it permits a movement of the first section (101) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the second connecting part (200), and prevents a movement of the second section (102) of the first connecting part (100) relative to the first section of the first connecting part (100).