THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC BATTERY

Description

Technical field of the invention :

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of thermal management.

[0002] In particular, an assembly allowing the thermal management of a temporary heat-producing element is concerned. State of the prior art :

[0003] In an electric storage battery, it can be very useful to be able to regulate the operating temperature of the cells, which heat up when they produce current and which must favorably remain within a precise temperature range regardless of the external temperature conditions, even when the cells are stopped. The expression "battery" means "electrical device" and is therefore to be understood as any device that generates and / or converts and / or stores electricity. Electrochemical devices are therefore concerned.

[0004] In this context, we therefore understand that it may be necessary, depending on the situation: to isolate from the external environment or to manage the temperature evolution of one or more electric battery cells, and / or to delay or on the contrary promote the propagation of a thermal flow out of or towards these cells.

[0005] Circulating at least one fluid in an assembly suitable for participating in this thermal management may then also be necessary.

[0006] There are such assemblies which have for this purpose fluid circulation passages, established between two layers of material, between an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, so that, with respect to the fluid, thermal insulation is obtained - if the layers are thermally insulating - or a thermal exchange - for example if the layers contain a MCP, agreed name for a phase change material, PCM in English, with a change of states for example between liquid and solid.

[0007] Thus, FR3015780 discloses the use of fluid channels arranged in PCM and allowing circulation of a heat transfer fluid, in particular liquid. The fluid channels are formed in a rigid block allowing them to be held in place when the PCM phase change material changes to the liquid state.

[0008] This is a fairly complex assembly to manufacture. Furthermore, there is no indication of how to obtain the shape of the PCM layers or that of the "rigid block" to hold the fluid channels in place.

[0009] FR 3 060 863 discloses another solution where a module containing a phase change material is arranged between a first and a second electric battery cell, in heat exchange with them. An air passage exists on either side of the module, so as to allow air circulation between the first cell and the module and between the second cell and the module. Presentation of the invention :

[0010] Among the problems that we wanted to solve here are: that linked to the efficient production of assemblies adapted to participate in thermal management of cells or groups of cells, in the case where operating conditions which vary over time are encountered, and / or that linked to the control of both a nominal operating situation of these cells and a situation of abnormal, excessive heating, or even cooling, of at least one said cell. Summary of the invention :

[0011] A proposed solution to all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks and / or problems thus consists of an assembly comprising: several cells or groups of cells of an electric vehicle battery, including at least: -- a first cell and a second cell separated from each other by a space, or -- a first group and a second group of cells separated from each other by a space, at least two of: -- at least one first fluid passage passing through said space, located between two first opposite sides facing each other: --- of the first cell and the second cell respectively, or --- of the first and second groups of cells respectively, the first passage being connected to a first fluid supply to be circulated in heat exchange with the first and second cells or the first and second groups of cells, -- at least one second fluid passage located on second sides: --- of the first cell and the second cell respectively, or --- of the first and second groups of cells respectively, the second passage being connected to a second fluid supply to be circulated in heat exchange with the first and second cells or the first and second groups of cells, and, -- at least one peripheral fluid passage located around the cells or groups of cells, in heat exchange with them, on sides other than said first sides of the cells or groups of cells, respectively, said peripheral passage being connected to another fluid supply to be circulated in heat exchange with said cells or groups of cells,and - a thermal insulator located such that said second passage or peripheral passage is interposed between the thermal insulator, and: -- at least the first and second cells, or -- at least the first and second groups of cells.

[0012] Alternatively, the above assembly will be as follows: - that it will comprise, in addition: -- at least one structure containing (at least) one phase change material, the structure being arranged between two first opposite sides facing each other: --- of the first cell and the second cell respectively, or --- of the first and second groups of cells respectively, -- or at least one other said structure containing a phase change material and arranged around the cells or groups of cells, - that, in said space, the fluid will be circulated in heat exchange with the phase change material of the structure, and / or - that in said peripheral passage, the fluid will be circulated in heat exchange with the phase change material of said other structure.

[0013] In this way, we can expect real efficiency in the thermal management of cells or groups of cells vs. their optimal operating temperature range.

[0014] In the prior art, it has never yet been disclosed that, as proposed here, a "assembly" or thermal management system for a battery, such as a storage battery, is implemented, comprising three circuits (hereinafter called "passages") for thermal regulation, at the same time: - a first circuit passing between two adjacent cells, - a second circuit passing around the stack of cells (whatever the direction of this stack: vertical or other), a third circuit passing: - on (along) a cell face(s) other than that where the first circuit passes, - or possibly also on (along) a cell face(s) other than that where the second circuit passes.

[0015] In particular, the side where the third circuit passes can be the lower side of the battery (facing downwards).

[0016] The structure may include a protective envelope (such as a plastic bag) containing the phase change material(s). This phase change material(s) may also be contained in a coating matrix, for example rubber, avoiding in particular any leakage problem, even with solid / liquid phase PCMs.

[0017] It is further specified that, in the text: - thermally conductive means with conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 W / mK-1, - thermally insulating means with conductivity less than or equal to 0.2 W / mK-1, - that, probably, the aforementioned vehicle will be hybrid or electric and that the aforementioned battery will be used for its autonomous movement (see further in the description).

[0018] Whether or not there is a structure with MCP, it is also proposed, to finely regulate the temperature of the battery while avoiding both potentially destructive runaways and performance losses due to inappropriate temperature jumps, that: - are added means for regulating the flow of fluid(s) acting (in conjunction with the first, second and / or other fluid supplies) to ensure a circulation of fluid in said heat exchange, - with then, preferably, such circulation of fluid in heat exchange: -- via at least one of the first, second and / or other fluid supplies, during a first period of time, and -- via at least two of the first, second and / or other fluid supplies, during a second period of time.

[0019] These aforementioned means of regulating the flow of fluid(s) may also include: - valves on the first, second and / or other fluid supplies, and - means for controlling the valves acting as a function of temperature data of said cells or groups of cells and / or data relating to the electrical charging or discharging of the battery.

[0020] We will thus move towards finely controlled active thermal management of the battery.

[0021] The term valve should be understood as any obturator allowing or preventing the passage of a fluid in a conduit (solenoid valve, tap, etc.).

[0022] Applied in a vehicle located in an outdoor environment, the assembly in question may usefully be such that the valve control means comprise: - a first temperature sensor for sensing the temperature on or near said cells or groups of cells, and a second temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the environment outside the vehicle, and / or - a sensor (or computing means) for acquiring data relating to the depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery, and / or to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, - means for actuating the valves, and - a data processing unit connected: -- to said means for actuating the valves, and -- to said first and second temperature sensors, and / or to said sensor (or computing means) for acquiring data relating to the depth of discharge of the battery, and / or to the state of charge of the battery, so that at least some of said actions on the valves take into account: --- temperature data from said first and / or second temperature sensors,and / or --- data from said sensor (or calculation means) enabling data to be acquired relating to the depth of discharge of the battery, and / or the state of charge of the battery.

[0023] This will allow us to finely control the thermal management of the battery, gradually, and avoid unnecessary use of fluid.

[0024] For the same purpose, it will ultimately be possible to provide that the said certain actions on the valves take into account: - temperature data at least from the second temperature sensor, during at least the first time period, - temperature data at least from the first temperature sensor, during at least the second time period.

[0025] To also contribute to the thermal efficiency expected on structures with MCP, it is proposed that opposite a said cell, the or each structure is in contact against this cell, without ventilated circulation of fluid between them.

[0026] If the or each structure has, in front of the cells, a solid, continuous surface, for a non-discrete heat exchange with them, such ventilated circulation will in fact be avoided.

[0027] If the assembly comprises, in said inter-cell space, at least two said structures and at least one thermal insulator interposed between said at least two structures, the heat transfers from the first and second cells to each other will be effectively countered, thus avoiding runaway of the system in the event of overheating of one or a few cells.

[0028] Again, whether or not there is a structure with MCP, it is also proposed, in order to control the speed of action of the fluid concerned on the temperature of the battery, to circulate this (these) fluid(s) only at certain times, when the conditions are suitable. And a preferred solution proposed here is also that the assembly includes a device for supplying calories or frigories placed in heat exchange with at least one of said fluids, upstream of the heat exchange with the cells.

[0029] An alternative or complementary way of dealing with the same question is that the said assembly be such: that it comprises two thermally conductive plates, or two series of such plates then defining several said second fluid passages arranged in parallel, that said fluid to be circulated in said first passages is a first fluid, and that said fluid to be circulated in the second passages is a second fluid different from the first fluid, and, that the first and second fluids circulate in separate circuits.

[0030] This will allow us to modulate the heat exchanges provided by these fluids. In particular, a gas and a liquid can be used respectively.

[0031] Yet another alternative or complementary way of dealing with the same issue is that said peripheral fluid passage communicates with: - the first fluid passage, and / or - the second fluid passage, so that the fluid to be circulated there is at least partly common.

[0032] This will allow for a saving of means, while being able to make the exchange temperature via the first and / or second passages a function of that via said peripheral passages. It may then be preferable for the fluid to circulate first in the peripheral passages and then in said first and / or second passages, if both are provided, thus making it possible to maximize the overall exchange capacity at the level of the group of cells or the complete battery pack, before the fluid circulates at the core, between two cells or two groups of cells.

[0033] Yet another possibility envisaged is that (a) in which there would be more than one fluid circulating on the same side, in said first and / or second passages and / or in the peripheral passages; typically a gaseous fluid and a liquid on such a same side. Thus, it will be possible to further increase the heat exchanges on the same side and / or increase the compactness of the assembly.

[0034] We could also plan to circulate these fluids differently, depending on the time.

[0035] For example, we can circulate in the aforementioned passages, on the same side: - air only, during nominal operation of the battery (in its optimal operating temperature range; i.e. between 25°C and 35°C for a Li-ion battery), and - glycolated water, during critical operation or rapid charging of said battery.

[0036] In other words, we can predict that: - between two said first opposite sides facing each other, or - on said second sides, or - on said sides other than the first sides of the cells or groups of cells, respectively, are arranged respectively several first fluid passages, or several second fluid passages, or several peripheral fluid passages, separated from each other, so that different fluids can circulate without mixing with each other.

[0037] A goal of this type of "two in one" assembly (several fluids passing along the same side) being efficiency in terms of heat exchange performance, it may be of interest to have at least one of said several first or second fluid passages, or several peripheral fluid passages, placed in contact with a phase change material with which there will be heat exchange when fluid circulates. The MCP will increase the performance of this exchange.

[0038] It is specified that this solution (see from (a) above) can be dissociated from the other aspects presented here and therefore be carried out independently of them. It is considered that this is an innovation in itself (see also description of the figures 14 And 15 ).

[0039] In order to control in particular the consumption of the fluid circulating in the second passage(s), or even the use of this fluid in another circuit of the vehicle (such as its water circuit), it is also proposed that said assembly comprises at least one recycling in which the second fluid passage will communicate with a recycling circuit. Thus, at least part of said fluid from the second fluid passage can be reintroduced into the second supply (such as a water supply), after passing through the device for supplying calories or frigories.

[0040] In connection with this aspect of the differences between the first and second fluids, gas / liquid for example, it may be of interest for the said fluid to be circulated in the second passage to pass there between: - two thermally conductive plates, or - two series of thermally conductive plates defining several so-called second fluid passages arranged in parallel.

[0041] This will combine a large exchange surface with a thermally efficient fluid.

[0042] Favorably, the second fluid passage and said plates will be arranged under the electric battery, thus limiting sealing problems due to a liquid fluid.

[0043] The invention may, if necessary, be understood in even greater detail by reading the following description given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the appended drawings. Brief description of the figures :

[0044] In these drawings: [ Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] respectively schematize assembled and exploded a thermal management assembly of prismatic battery cells with double fluid flow, respectively on the surface (below) and at the core (between two successive cells), [ Fig. 3 ] resumes the figure 1 in an option of fluid flow always circulating at the heart, but between two successive groups of cells; [ Fig. 4 ] shows a diagram (in exploded view) of the elements of the assembly designed according to the invention, around groups of battery cells, to ensure peripheral thermal management; [ Fig. 5 ] schematizes a housing for the peripheral fluid passage(s); [ Fig. 6 ] schematizes a group of cells with peripheral passages on two opposite faces; [ Fig. 7] and [Fig. 8 ] schematize two possible electrical connections of cells; [ Fig. 9 ] schematizes a vehicle equipped with the thermal management assembly of the invention; [ Fig. 10] schematizes, at the level of the battery pack, such a pack also equipped with the thermal management assembly of the invention, following section XX of the figure 4 ; [ Fig. 11 ], Fig. 12 ] And [ Fig. 13 ] schematize three assemblies provided with the thermal management assembly of the invention, on circuits for successively one, two and three fluids; and [ Fig. 14 ] And [ Fig. 15 ] refer to a multi-fluid embodiment variant. Detailed description of the invention (non-limiting embodiment(s) / example(s) only) :

[0045] As stated above and illustrated, one aspect of the invention relates to an assembly, with a mounting which relates to an electric battery (or battery pack) 1 whose “core” thermal management is individualized: either by cell 10 ( figures 1-2 ), or by group 100 of cells ( figure 3 ).

[0046] Thus, depending on the case, the assembly includes: several cells 10 or groups 100 of cells of an electric vehicle battery 1, including at least: -- a first cell 11 and a second cell 13 separated from each other by a space 15 located between two first opposite sides (11a, 13a) of the first cell and the second cell respectively, facing each other ( figures 1-2 ), or -- a first group 111 and a second group 113 of such cells separated from each other by a space 115 located between two opposite first sides (111a, 113a) of the first group 111 and a second group 113 of such cells, respectively, facing each other ( figure 3 ).

[0047] In addition, the assembly comprises (at least) a first fluid passage 17 or 117 in the space 15 or 115, located between said two first opposite sides facing each other, depending on the case: of the first cell and the second cell respectively: see the respective sides 11a,13a ( figures 1-2), or the first and second groups of cells respectively: see the respective sides 111a,113a ( figure 3 ).

[0048] The first passage 17 or 117 is connected to a first supply 27 of fluid to be circulated in heat exchange directly between cells 10 or between groups 100 of cells.

[0049] Thus, for example, one of the first passages 17 or 117 will be connected to a first supply 27 of fluid to be circulated in heat exchange with, and between, the first and second cells 11, 13 ( figures 1-2 ) or the first and second groups 111,113 of cells ( figure 3 ).

[0050] In addition, the assembly also includes (at least) a second fluid passage 19 or 119 located on: of the second sides 11b, 13b of the first cell 11 and of the second cell 13, respectively, or of the second sides 111b, 113b of the first and second groups 111, 113 of cells, respectively.

[0051] It will be understood that said second sides are different from said first sides mentioned above. The second sides are side by side. They can typically be located in the same plane (see plane P figure 3 Or 5 ).

[0052] The second passage 19 or 119 is connected to a second supply 29 of fluid to be circulated in heat exchange with the first and second cells or the first and second groups of cells.

[0053] In addition to or in place of the second fluid passage(s) 19 or 119, the assembly comprises (at least) a peripheral fluid passage 21 ( figures 4-5 ) located around 10 cells or 100 groups of cells ( figure 4 ), in heat exchange with them, on sides, such as 100c,100d,100e or 111c,111d,100e, other than said first sides (11a,13a;111a,113b) above-mentioned of the cells 10 or groups 100 of cells, respectively.

[0054] Thus, this (at least) one peripheral fluid passage 21 may extend along several walls 23, in particular three adjacent and successive peripheral walls or faces, such as 23c, 23e, 23d surrounding on several sides or faces the cells 10 or groups 100 of cells.

[0055] These peripheral walls or faces may be, laterally (for example vertically): two opposite faces, such as 23c, 23d Figure 5 , three successive faces, such as 23c,23e,23d Figure 5 ,

[0056] Another possibility: four faces, such as 23c,23e,23d,23f (vertical); see figure 4 .

[0057] Yet another possibility: four faces, such as 23c, 23e, 23d (vertical) and 23g (horizontal, lower, background); see figures 4-5 , or five faces, such as 23c,23e,23d,23f (vertical) and 23g (horizontal, lower, background).

[0058] Indeed, at least part of the second fluid passage 19 or 119 on said second sides may be confused with at least part of the peripheral fluid passage 21 passing through the wall or face 23g; see Figure 5 bottom left.

[0059] The peripheral passage 21 will be connected to another fluid supply 25 (inlet 25a, outlet 25b) to be circulated in heat exchange with said cells 10 or groups 100 of cells.

[0060] The walls 23, functionalized with these internal fluid passages, may form a housing on two, three, four or five sides of the battery.

[0061] A priori we will avoid functionalizing at least one side of battery 1 with such passages.

[0062] This should often be at least the upper horizontal face, marked 11 p.m. figure 6, where the cells 10 (at least the parallelepiped Li-ion type ones presented as a non-limiting example in the figures) have their electrical connections 31a (terminal +), 31b (terminal -); connections not shown diagrammatically in the other figures, except figures 7 And 10 .

[0063] On this subject, it is specified that, as schematized figures 7-8 , the electrical connections of these cells 10 via their terminals 31a, 31b may be in series, as figure 7 , or in series and parallel, as in the example of the figure 8 .

[0064] Also note that, Figure 5 , the assembly formed by the walls 23 and the corner pillars 57 can be tilted 90° upwards, so that the open face is then the upper one and thus, as in the version of the figure 10 , a cover can be placed over the face of the battery showing its connection terminals.

[0065] In addition to what has already been mentioned, the assembly of the invention also comprises (at least) a thermal insulator 33 ( figure 4 ) located such that said second passage 19 or 119 and / or the peripheral passage 21 is interposed between the thermal insulation 33 and: at least the first and second cells, such as 11,13, or at least the first and second groups of cells, such as 111,113.

[0066] The thermal insulation 33 will usefully be in the form of one or more panels, sheets or plates.

[0067] The thermal insulator 33 may be a porous insulator. It may be placed in a pocket comprising a closed envelope 55 ( figure 4 ). The thermally conductive envelope 55 may be plastic or metallic. To form a vacuum pocket (PIV type), the envelope 55 must be gas-tight and under partial internal vacuum (for example between 10 and 10 4< Pa).

[0068] Thus the thermal insulator 33 can usefully double at least two opposite sides of the battery pack 1, thus extending around the cells 10 or groups 100 of cells, overall; cf. figure 4 .

[0069] With two, three or four panels, sheets or plates of thermal insulation 33 on the two, three or four vertical lateral sides of the battery pack 1, and said peripheral passages 21 interposed between this thermal insulation 33 and the vertical external lateral contour of the battery pack, the battery pack will be usefully protected from its external environment. For the circulation of the fluid in the peripheral passage(s) 21, corner blocks or pillars 57 may be arranged at the corners, between two adjacent lateral panels of thermal insulation 33. Each corner block 57 incorporates one or more conduits 59 to be individually connected to the peripheral passage(s) 21 located opposite. Each conduit 59 is curved so that the fluid passes through the corresponding angle. Preferably, each corner block 57 will be made of thermal insulation material (PU foam for example). Figure 4 , arrows mark, at the level of the battery pack, the fluid inlets and outlets 25.

[0070] Once the isolation and fluid circulation capacities have been ensured as above, another aspect of the invention concerns the regulation of the flow of this(these) fluid(s) via the first and / or second and / or other fluid supplies.

[0071] More specifically, it is provided for this purpose that the aforementioned assembly also includes means 35 of regulation aimed at ensuring circulation of fluid(s) in said heat exchange: via at least one of the first, second and further fluid supplies 25,27,29, for a first period of time, and via at least two of the first, second and further fluid supplies 25,27,29, for a second period of time.

[0072] It will be understood that these first and second periods of time are moments included in the time during which the battery is active, that is to say in electrical charge and / or in electrical discharge, the two being able to be concomitant.

[0073] So, suppose we start a hybrid or electric vehicle 37 ( figure 9 ).

[0074] If it is a hybrid vehicle, there are two motors on board to move the vehicle: a thermal engine 36 and an electric motor 38. The battery pack 1 is at least connected to the electric motor 38 to operate it.

[0075] Operating normally, the cells, for example lithium-ion, of battery 1 - which are therefore used for autonomous movement of the vehicle - will quickly dissipate energy (discharge during conventional driving). For example, cooling air can then be sucked in, via a pump or a fan 41 ( figure 11), from the external environment 39 ( figure 9 ; and EXT figure 11 in particular) and pass if necessary through an exchanger 43 which can integrate a dehumidifier. It is then possible to provide for passing the air, as fluid 25, into the peripheral fluid passage 21, which can comprise a series of channels on the periphery of the battery pack 1.

[0076] As long as the temperature of the battery pack 1, detected by the temperature sensor 45, remains within a predetermined range (typically between 25 and 35°C, for example), the air circulates, at the level of the battery 1, only in the peripheral passage 21, as fluid 25 (first period of time). At the outlet, a valve 47 (such as a three-way valve) passes the air into a circuit 49 which sends it either for recycling (branch 51), or to the external environment EXT; branch 53, under the control 95 of the data processing unit 83.

[0077] If the temperature sensor 45 detects, for example, a temperature of the battery pack 1 above 35°C, then at least two of the passages 17 / 117 and 19 / 119 will be activated: The fluid flows 27 and / or 29 will thus intervene, thereby increasing the thermal exchanges with the battery 1, in its immediate environment (second period of time). In this way, the chances of thermally managing the battery pack 1 will be optimized.

[0078] As noted just above, the peripheral fluid passage 21, considered globally as a means for circulating, around the battery pack 1, fluid arriving via the supply 25 may be formed of series of channels, such as those marked 210a, 210b, 210c for some figure 4 .

[0079] This “peripheral fluid passage 21” can thus be defined: as schematized figure 4, by channels integrated into panels, - or by one or more tubes or chutes, for example of circular or rectangular section.

[0080] The material used to make these panels, tubes or ducts may be thermally neutral, or even thermally conductive, to promote thermal exchanges with battery 1.

[0081] However, it is possible to further refine thermal management by using phase change materials, known as PCMs, as already mentioned.

[0082] Thus, in an embodiment as illustrated figure 4 , and in addition to the above, the aforementioned assembly may also comprise at least one structure 61 (also called pocket hereinafter) comprising a closed envelope 63 containing a phase change material 65 (PCM).

[0083] If provided, such a structure 61 will be usefully interposed between the battery pack 1 and the peripheral thermal insulation 33. Like it, the structure 61 may be presented as a series of panels, sheets or plates.

[0084] The MCP 65 may be dispersed in a rigid structuring matrix 67, so as to form a self-supporting composite body regardless of the phase of the MCP (solid or liquid in particular). The channels, tubes or chutes of the peripheral fluid passage 21 may be integrated (channels; cf. figure 4 ) or reported (tubes or chutes) in the structure 61.

[0085] With such an association between MCP, a circulating fluid (supply 25) and a surrounding thermal insulator, we can create a dynamic thermal barrier, the fluid allowing in particular to regenerate the MCP when the time comes.

[0086] Now returning to thermal management via the second passage 19 or 119 (if it exists), the figure 10 illustrates an embodiment where the thermal insulation 33 is not provided between the exterior (EXT) and the said second passage(s), here marked 119a, 119b. However, it exists around the peripheral passage(s) 21.

[0087] A thermally managed housing 71 may form the bottom 71a and at least some of the side walls in a single block. On the upper side, opposite the bottom 71a, an electrically insulating cover 72, which may comprise a layer of electrical insulation 33 and through which the electrical cables 73 pass, will usefully cover the terminals 31a, 31b 31a and will close the housing 71 on this side. In any event, said second fluid passage will usefully pass: between two plates 67a, 67b ( figure 4 ) thermally conductive, or between two series of thermally conductive plates 67c, 67d ( figure 10) then defining several said second fluid passages, such as 119a, 119b, arranged in parallel. This second fluid passage 19 / 119 will be of even greater interest if, unlike the first passage 17 / 117 and peripheral passage 21, it can allow a liquid to circulate, such as water from the vehicle water circuit 29 and therefore from a water source 69, as in the example of the figure 13 .

[0088] All the more so with a liquid, the second fluid passage 17 / 117 will advantageously be, with said plates 67a, 67b or 67c, 67d, arranged under the battery pack 1, as in the examples of figures 1 , 3 , 4 .

[0089] In the example of the figure 10, the battery pack 1 can therefore be housed in a case 71 which will be closed at the front (AV) and at the rear (AR) by walls which can be crossed at least by the power supplies 25, 27, 29 (inlets on one side, outlets on the other), since in the example the three series of passages 21 / 117 / 119a-119b are provided.

[0090] In the example of the figure 4 , the battery pack 1 is also housed in a box; but this box is open on the upper horizontal face, here for the passage of the electric cables 73 (not shown; see figure 7 ) provided for the power supply of cells 10.

[0091] Regarding thermally conductive plates, such as 67a, 67b ( figure 4 ), they may extend, substantially horizontally, beyond the area of ​​battery pack 1.

[0092] Thus, the lower thermally conductive plate, such as 67b, can usefully serve (also) as a structural and / or anti-gravel plate (see figure 9 ) being positioned on the underside of the vehicle, just above the ground 75.

[0093] The lower thermally conductive plate 67b will then be metallic.

[0094] Returning to the first passage(s) 17 / 117, it will be noted that the inter-cell space 15, or 115 between two successive groups of cells, may be more or less functionalized. Thus, it may first be crossed, at the core, between two cells or groups of cells by one or more of the so-called first passage(s) 17 / 117 of fluid.

[0095] As an alternative or in addition, we can interpose: thermal insulation 33, and / or structures 61 forming panels containing MCP; see figure 2 .

[0096] If such structures 61 are provided, it is proposed, to promote thermal regulation via the MCP and as shown schematically figure 4 : that opposite a said cell or a said group of cells, the or each structure 61 is in contact against the cell or the group of cells, without ventilated circulation of fluid between them, and / or that the or each structure 61 has, opposite a cell or a said group of cells, a solid, continuous surface 610, for a non-discrete heat exchange with it(them).

[0097] If, in said space 15 / 115, thermal insulation 33 is interposed, it will be between at least two successive said structures 61, to counter thermal transfers between (groups of) cells.

[0098] The structural presentation of the assembly of the invention having essentially been made, we will now present in more detail the circuits which can integrate it and their functioning.

[0099] THE figures 11-13 , but also 1 and 3, are then particularly concerned.

[0100] We have already noted the presence, useful for the thermal management of the cells given their optimal operating temperature ranges, of devices for supplying calories or frigories 43 placed in thermal exchange with at least one of said fluids, such as the exchangers located therefore each upstream of the thermal exchange considered with the cells.

[0101] Thus, the temperature of this fluid (supply 25 and / or 27 and / or 29) can be adapted according to: of the heat exchange to be carried out via passages 17 / 117 and / or 19 / 119 and / or 21, and / or of the state in which the MCP 65 is desired to be.

[0102] As an alternative or in addition to an exchanger, it is possible to provide, as a device 43 for supplying calories or frigories, at least one of a heating resistor, an interconnection with a vehicle air conditioning device 77, a dehumidifier 430. Each circuit integrating an assembly in accordance with the invention also comprises several valves 47 placed under the control of the aforementioned control means 35.

[0103] These valve control means 35 comprise, preferably in combination and connected to a unit 83 (see below): at least one (called first) temperature sensor 45 provided to capture the temperature on or near at least one said cell 10 or at least one said group 100 of cells, at least one second temperature sensor 79 to capture the temperature of the external environment (EXT / 39) of the vehicle, and at least one third sensor 97 to acquire data relating to the depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery, and / or to the state of charge of the battery (SOC), and means 81 for actuating the valves 47.

[0104] A "third sensor" 97 is any means of acquiring the DOD and / or SOC of the battery (therefore of all or part of its cells or groups of cells), i.e. its charge level.

[0105] So : the acquisition of the state of charge SOC can be done by the OCV method (Open Circuit Voltage), this third sensor 97 can include or be defined by a battery management system (Battery Management System or BMS in English), a battery monitor capable of detecting not only the battery voltage but also calculating the charge and discharge currents can be used. The integration of these currents will allow the battery monitor to calculate the state of charge of the battery. The battery monitor can continuously measure the current flow entering or leaving the battery. The integration of this current over time will provide the data processing unit 83 (see below) with the net amount of Ah added or drawn.

[0106] Each circuit integrating an assembly in accordance with the invention will in fact comprise a data processing unit 83, this unit being connected to said first and second temperature sensors 45, 79, to said third sensor 97, and to said valve actuating means 81.

[0107] A relevant approach in terms of thermal management efficiency of battery 1, with anticipation, could then lead to at least some of the actions on the valves taking into account: of temperature data (Tcell) at least from the first temperature sensor 45, at least during said first period of time, of temperature data (Tamb) at least from the second temperature sensor 79, at least during said second period of time.

[0108] Thus, we can favor predictive (anticipated) management of the battery temperature during the said first period of time and, then, if this is still not sufficient, control the battery first from (at least) its temperature data, this therefore during the said second period of time.

[0109] Preferably, the data from the “third sensor” 97 for the acquisition of the DOD and / or the SOC will be provided continuously, as long as the battery is active, i.e. under electrical charge and / or electrical discharge, both of which may be concomitant.

[0110] When the data processing unit 83 provides the central computer of the vehicle with predictive management data anticipating a rapid recharge of the battery 1, for example on a rapid motorway charging station, it may be provided that, a few minutes before, the data processing unit 83 is commanded by this central computer to control a lowering of the temperature of the cells 10 of the battery 1 as a function of: of the outside temperature, via the sensor 79 (one or more minimum and / or maximum temperature thresholds may have been defined), of the DOD and / or SOC states acquired by the third sensor 97.

[0111] To then reduce the temperature of the cells 10, while they are active, the data processing unit 83 will control at least one circulation of fluid in at least one of said first passage 17 / 117, second passage 19 / 119 and peripheral passage 21, this therefore during said first period of time. And it may only be, if the software entered in the data processing unit 83 concludes that the reduction in temperature at the end of this first period of time is insufficient compared to a predetermined threshold that at least two of said first, second and other fluid supplies will be controlled, therefore during a said second period of time.

[0112] As already mentioned, it is provided in the invention that the means 35 for regulating the flow of the fluid(s) in play act to ensure circulation of fluid in heat exchange: via at least one of these first, second and other fluid supplies 25,27,29, during a first period of time, and via at least two of said first, second and other fluid supplies, during a second period of time, which is of course subsequent to, and therefore different from, the first period of time.

[0113] Even if there is therefore a priori no strict preference between the thermal exchanges to be established: between the fluid(s) passing through said circuit and the passages 17 / 117; 19 / 119 and 21 in circulation, it may be preferable, during the first period of time, to circulate the fluid(s) at least in passages 17 / 117 or 21.

[0114] In this case, it is only during the second subsequent time period that the fluid(s) will be circulated in at least two of the passages 17 / 117 and 21, or 17 / 117 and 19 / 119, or 21 and 19 / 119.

[0115] And possibly in a third, later period of time, the fluid(s) could be circulated in the three passages 17 / 117, 19 / 119 and 21.

[0116] Thus, it is a temperature criterion from at least one of the sensors 45,79 which will prevail to initiate each period of time, or even to end it.

[0117] Both to prevent the effects of the external environment 39 and to avoid the battery pack 1 running wild in the event of overheating and / or to regulate it well within the preferred operating range of the cells, it may however be preferred, as illustrated figures 11-13 , that after the pump or fan 41, in the direction of the circulation of fluid from upstream to downstream (arrows), we first find said peripheral passages 21 then said first passage 17 / 117 and / or second passage 19 / 119 of fluid.

[0118] As we understood: as many are provided: -- three passages, or series of passages, (17 / 117,19 / 119,21) for heat exchange between fluid and cells 10 or groups of cells 100, and -- three supplies 27,29, 25 of fluid(s), respectively, as many as one or more fluids may be used to circulate in these passages, or series of passages.

[0119] As privileged examples, four cases are more particularly presented below, in connection with the figures 1 , 3 And 11-13 .

[0120] First, on circuit 85 of the figure 11 a single fluid, such as air, F1 is used and supplied to the three fluid supplies 27, 29, 25.

[0121] If we therefore assume air as the fluid, this air is taken from the outside (EXT). The fan 41 circulates it towards the device 43 and if necessary the dehumidifier 430. In the device 43, the air receives calories or frigories, in thermal exchange with a fluid F2 (this has not been reproduced in the other figures, except figure 1 , so as not to overload).

[0122] As a supply 25 at the inlet of the passages 21, the fluid F1 is thus admitted at a temperature adapted to the supply of calories or frigories expected for the thermal management of the battery pack 1, at this stage.

[0123] For example, if the sensor 79 detects an outside temperature (Tamb) of at least 30°C, it may be provided that a programmed activation of the power supply 25 at the input of the passages 21 is automatically recorded in the memory of the computer (or of the data processing unit 83), therefore during said first period of time, which may for example be that allowing, later, when Tamb detected is ≤ 15°C for example, to ensure a recharge of the MCP 65 and therefore for it to be in the solid state (hypothesis of an MCP 65 intended to pass from solid to liquid at around 25-28°C, and vice versa) before the outside temperature: becomes excessive (hot countries or summer; Tamb ≥ 35°C, for example), and has a thermal impact on the housing 71.

[0124] If now the sensor(s) 45 detect(s) a temperature of the battery (Tcell) of more than 29°C, it may be provided that two fluid supplies, such as those 27 and 29, or 27 and 25, are automatically activated during said second period of time, which may for example be the one allowing the temperature of the battery (Tcell) (or of at least one of its cells) detected by the sensor(s) 45 to fall back to less than 27°C.

[0125] Note that this example could also apply to “two-fluid” or “three-fluid” solutions, such as those of the figures 12 And 13 .

[0126] In the solution of the figure 11 , depending on the temperature data from the sensor(s) 45 and / or 79 and therefore the time period (first or second period) considered, the data processing unit 83 may also control: the exchange in the device 43 (fluid flow rate F2, inlet temperature, typically), this at least as a function of the data provided at least by the outside temperature sensor 79, and / or the fan (or the pump if applicable) 41 so that the fluid flow rate F1 is suitable. In the solution of the figure 12 , we no longer find one but two fluids F1, F3; air in the example.

[0127] Compared to the previous solution, the thermal management of the battery pack 1 via the power supply 25 at the input of the passages 21 (fluid F1) is carried out on a circuit 87 independent of that 85 of the power supplies and passages 27; 17 / 117 and 29; 19 / 119, which can remain identical to the previous solution of the figure 11 .

[0128] On the independent circuit 87, we therefore find: a fluid connection 53 with the exterior, a fan 41 for circulation of the fluid towards a device 43 for supplying calories or frigories, then the passage(s) 21 with, at the outlet, a possible loop towards a valve 47 which can allow either recycling at least part of the fluid F3, or its evacuation towards the exterior, and the connections with the data processing unit 83.

[0129] We can therefore separate the heat exchange in passages 17 / 117 and / or 19 / 119 from that in passage(s) 21.

[0130] In the solution of the figure 13 , we find three fluids F1, F3, F4, at least two of which are different: air (F1, F3) and water (F4) in the example.

[0131] Independent circuit 87 (fluid F3, passage(s) 21) remains. Circuit 85 is split into 85a (fluid F1, passage(s) 17 / 117) and 85b (fluid F4, passage(s) 19 / 119).

[0132] Thus, on each circuit, a fan 41 circulates the fluid towards the device 43 (heat exchange with a fluid F2) and if necessary the dehumidifier 430. As a supply 25, 27 or 29, at the inlet of the passages 21, 17 / 117, 19 / 119, respectively, the fluid F1 is thus admitted at a temperature adapted to the supply of calories or frigories expected for the thermal management considered at this stage.

[0133] On each circuit 85a, 85b, a three-way valve 47, controlled by the data processing unit 83, as already explained, directs all or part of the flow F1 or F4 towards: the entrance to passages 17 / 117 or 19 / 119, respectively, with, in each case, a possible diversion to a bypass branch 89a or 89b.

[0134] On the figures 11-13 , dotted lines on the circuits (branch 49 figure 11) after passages 21, 17 / 117, 19 / 119 indicate a possible recycling at least partial of the fluid considered via a valve 47: which may be identical to the others, which communicates with the outside air or a source of liquid 69, and which may also be controlled by the data processing unit 83.

[0135] On one of the single or two-fluid circuits (see for example the single-fluid circuit 85; cf. figure 11 ), where the peripheral fluid passage 21 will have been favored before, either the passages 17 / 117 and / or 19 / 119, or possible derivations towards respective bypass branches 91, it may be provided that the outlet of said peripheral fluid passage 21 communicates with the inlet: of the first fluid passage 17 / 117, and / or of the second fluid passage 19 / 119, so that the fluid to be circulated there is at least partly common.

[0136] Thus, it will be possible to associate at least one double stage of heat exchange (in two successive passages among passages 17 / 117; 19 / 119 and 21) with a common fluid.

[0137] Circulate, (substantially) at the outlet temperature of the device 43 for supplying calories or frigories, the fluid F1 or F3 first in the passage(s) 21 (see solution one fluid, as figure 11 ) will first ensure reinforced thermal insulation from the exterior 39 of the vehicle.

[0138] If we prefer to circulate, always (substantially) at the outlet temperature of the device 43 for supplying calories or frigories, the fluid F1 first in the passage(s) 17 / 117 (see two-fluid solution, as figure 12 ) we can then first ensure an anti-runaway action of the cells, thus avoiding vaporization of the electrolyte.

[0139] It will be noted that this situation will arise if, after the device 43, the fluid F1 is directed towards the branch 93 of the circuit to circulate first in the first passage(s) 17 / 117, then in the second passage(s) 19 / 119 before being recycled or expelled to the outside 39 (gaseous fluid) or even recovered in a reservoir (liquid).

[0140] It should be noted in this regard that, in particular if the fluid F1, F3 or F4 is liquid, it would be advantageous for the second fluid passage(s) 19 / 119 to communicate with a recycling circuit, in order to reintroduce into the second supply 29 at least part of said fluid from the previous passage in this / these second passage(s), after passing through the device 43 for supplying calories or frigories.

[0141] As schematized as an example figures 1 And 3 , we will also note that, in a solution with two or three fluids, such as for example figures 12 Or 13, the independent circuit 87 could integrate the second fluid passage(s) 19 / 119 in place of the passage(s) 21.

[0142] At the outlet of passage(s) 17 / 117, the fluid concerned would either be recycled, back to supply 27 to return to the first passage(s) 17 / 117, or directed to supply 25.

[0143] In the examples described above in connection with the illustrations, only one fluid passes through passages 17 / 117, 19 / 119 and / or 21.

[0144] However, several fluids can flow on the same side.

[0145] THE figures 14 And 15 illustrate a situation in which at least two fluids are used for cooling or heating the battery in question. figure 14 resumes the entire assembly of the figure 12 and completes it.

[0146] For example, we can predict the following: a first fluid 25 circulates in the external barrier of the battery (may extend along several external walls 23 provided with peripheral passage(s) 21) and a second fluid circulates in the inter-element parts and / or in sub-element, on at least one face: second fluid in the first fluid passage(s) 17 / 117 and / or in the second fluid passage(s) 19 / 119. in addition, as shown diagrammatically figure 15 , one or two fluids are, simultaneously or not, put into circulation in a group of passages, 17 / 117, 19 / 119 and / or 21.

[0147] So, if we imagine: wall 50 of the figure 15 as corresponding to any of the aforementioned walls crossed by said passages 17 / 117, 19 / 119 and / or 21 (wall 61, 67a-67b, 67c-67d, 23...), and these passages 17 / 117, 19 / 119 and / or 21 identified respectively 52, 54 for two groups of them each time, a first fluid 56 may be circulated in the first group of passages 52 and / or a second fluid 58 (different from the first fluid 56) in the second group of passages 54.

[0148] The first fluid 56 will be one of the fluids of the first, second or so-called other fluid supplies 25, 27, 29. The second fluid 58 will be one of the other fluids of these same supplies.

[0149] Since the first and second groups of passages 52, 54 do not communicate, the two supply fluids 56, 58 do not mix.

[0150] Thus, the two supply fluids 56, 58 may be of different natures (air and glycolated water, for example). The circulation may be controlled by the battery temperature (sensor 45, valve actuation means 81 and data processing unit 83, in particular). The combination of the two fluids or the use of one or other of these fluids may depend on the dissipation level of the cells 10-100 which will induce a rise in temperature.

[0151] It may be agreed that in normal operation, for example, only air can be circulated in the second group of passages 54 and that in critical operation (overheating) or rapid charging of the battery 1, glycolated water circulates in the first group of passages 52.

[0152] For the efficiency of the solution (increase in heat exchanges and exchange surfaces involved), at least one of said passages or group of passages 52, 54 is bordered by, and is therefore in contact with, a phase change material 60 with which it is thus in heat exchange when fluid circulates.

[0153] In the example, two panels containing MCP 60 define, on two opposite faces, the upper and lower limits respectively of a single fluid passage conduit forming said second group of passages 54.

[0154] The first group of passages 52 is, for its part, defined by a series of tubes arranged in parallel in the wall 50.

[0155] The different fluid supplies can circulate there without mixing with each other.

[0156] The wall 50 may itself contain MCP, as a substitute or in addition to the MCP 60. On the figure 14, valves 470, placed downstream of the valves 47 providing access to the passages 17 / 117; 19 / 119, allow, in the example, via tappings 471 and another three-way valve 473 located at the inlet of the passages 21, to bring one or other of the supply fluids 27, 29 to the inlet of the passages 21.

[0157] Valve 473 is located downstream of the device 43 for supplying calories or frigories 43 to the independent circuit 87.

[0158] The valves 470, 473 are controlled by the valve actuating means 81 and by the data processing unit 83, like the other valves 47.

[0159] Thus, in this example, and assuming the passage(s) 21 as corresponding to the second group of passages 54 and the wall 23 as corresponding to the wall 50 provided with the first group of passages 52, we will be able to obtain: that during a first period of operation, one of the supply fluids 27,29 supplies the passages 54 / 21, and that during a second period of operation, the other of the supply fluids 27,29 or the supply fluid 25 supplies the added passages 52.

[0160] The assembly of the figure 11 , provided with the complements of the figure 14 compared to the figure 12 , could also have served as a basis for the creation of such a solution where several fluids can circulate on the same side.

Claims

1. Assembly comprising: - a plurality of cells (10) or of groups (100) of cells of an electric vehicle battery (1), of which at least: -- a first cell and a second cell separated from each other by a gap (15), or -- a first group of cells and a second group of cells separated from each other by a gap (115), - the assembly further comprising at least two of a first fluid passage (17, 117), a second fluid passage (19, 119) and a peripheral fluid passage (21), -- the first fluid passage (17, 117) passing in said space (15, 115), and located between two opposing first sides (11a, 13; 111a, 113a) which face each other: --- of the first cell and of the second cell (11, 13) respectively, or --- of the first and second groups (111, 113) of cells respectively, the first passage (17, 117) being connected to a first supply (27) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with the first and second cells or the first and second groups of cells, -- the second fluid passage (19, 119) being located on second sides (11b, 111b, 113b): --- of the first cell and of the second cell respectively, or --- of the first and second groups of cells respectively, the second fluid passage (19, 119) being also connected to a second supply (29) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with the first and second cells or with the first and second groups of cells, and -- the peripheral fluid passage (21) being located around the cells (10) or groups (100) of cells, in thermal exchange with them, on sides (643) thereof other than said first sides (11a, 13 ;111a, 113a) of the cells or groups of cells, respectively, said peripheral fluid passage (21) being connected to an additional supply (25) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with said cells or groups of cells, and - the assembly further comprising a thermal insulator (33) located such that said second fluid passage (19, 119) and / or the peripheral fluid passage (21) is interposed between the thermal insulator (33) and: -- at least the first and second cells, or -- at least the first and second groups (640') of cells,2. Assembly comprising: - a plurality of cells or of groups of cells of an electric vehicle battery (1), of which at least: -- a first cell and a second cell separated from each other by a gap (15), or -- a first group and a second group of cells separated from each other by a gap (115), - the assembly further comprising : -- a structure (61) containing a phase change material (65), the structure being arranged between two opposite first sides (111a, 113a) which face each other: --- on the first cell and of the second cell respectively, or --- on the first group and second group of cells respectively, -- or another said structure (61) containing a phase-change material (65) arranged around the cells (10) or groups (100) of cells, - the assembly further comprising at least two of a first fluid passage (17,117), a second fluid passage (19,119) and a peripheral fluid passage (21): -- the first fluid passage (17,117) passing in said space (15,115), the first fluid passage being connected to a first supply (27) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with the phase change (65) material of the structure (61), -- the second fluid passage (19,119) located on second sides (11b;111b,113b): --- of the first cell and of the second cell (11,13) respectively, or --- of the first and second groups (111, 113) of cells respectively, the second fluid passage being connected to a second supply (29) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with the first and second cells or the first and second groups of cells, said other structure (61) containing, accordingly, a phase-change material (65) arranged around the cells (10) or groups (100) of cells, -- the peripheral fluid passage (21) being located in said other structure (61), said peripheral fluid passage being connected to an additional supply (25) of fluid to be circulated in thermal exchange with the phase change (65) material of said other structure (61), on sides (100d, 111d) other than said first sides of the cells or groups of cells respectively, and - the assembly further comprising a thermal insulator (33) located such that said second fluid passage (19,119) or peripheral fluid passage (21) is interposed between the thermal insulator (33) and: -- at least the first and second cells, or -- at least the first and second groups of cells.

3. Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, which further comprises fluid flow control means (35, 41, 45, 47, 79, 81, 83, 97) operative to ensure a circulation of fluid in said thermal exchange: - via at least one of the first, second and additional fluid supplies, during a first period of time, and - via at least two of the first, second and additional fluid supplies, during a second period of time.

4. The assembly according to claim 1 or 2, which further comprises fluid flow control means (35,41,45,47,79,81,83,97) operative to provide a circulation of fluid in said thermal exchange and comprising: - valves (47) on the first, second and / or additional fluid supplies (25, 27, 29), and - means (45, 79, 81, 83, 97) for controlling the valves acting as a function of temperature data of said cells (10) or groups (100) of cells and / or data relating to the charge or discharge of the battery.

5. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: - between two opposite said first sides (11a, 13; 111a, 113a) facing each other, or - on said second sides (11b, 111b, 113b), or - on said sides (100d, 111d) other than the first sides of the cells or groups of cells, respectively, there are arranged a plurality of first fluid passages (17, 117) or a plurality of second fluid passages (19, 119) or a plurality of peripheral fluid passages (21), separated from each other, so that different fluids can flow through them without mixing with each other.

6. Assembly according to claim 5, wherein the at least one of said plurality of first fluid passages (17,117), or plurality of second fluid passages (19,119), or plurality of peripheral fluid passages (21) is arranged in contact with a phase-change material (60) with which it is in thermal exchange when fluid is flowing.

7. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, which further comprises a device (43) for supplying calories or frigories with which at least one of said fluids is placed in thermal exchange, upstream of the thermal exchange with the cells (10) or groups (100) of cells, so as to adapt the temperature of said fluid.

8. Assembly according to claim 2 alone or in combination with any one of claims 3 to 6, which further comprises a device (43) for supplying calories or frigories placed in thermal exchange with at least one of said fluids, upstream of the thermal exchange with the cells (10) or groups (100) of cells, so as to adapt the temperature of said fluid in accordance with the desired state of the phase-change material (65).

9. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said peripheral fluid passage (21) communicates with: - the first fluid passage (17, 117), and / or - the second fluid passage (19, 119), so that fluid to be circulated therein is at least partly common.

10. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises, for the thermal management of the battery (1), a plurality of thermal control circuits including: - a first circuit which comprises said at least one first fluid passage (17, 117) and which passes between two adjacent cells, - a second circuit comprising said peripheral fluid passage (21) and which passes around a stack of cells, and - a third circuit which comprises said second fluid passage (19,119) and which passes: -- along a face of the cell(s) other than the one along which the first circuit (17, 117) passes, -- or possibly also along a face of the cell(s) other than that along which the second circuit (21) passes.

11. Vehicle comprising the assembly according to claim 4, alone or in combination with any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the means for controlling the valves (45,79,81,83,97) comprise at least: - a first temperature sensor (45) for sensing the temperature at or near said cells or groups of cells, and - a second temperature sensor (79) for sensing the temperature of an environment (39) outside the vehicle, - means (81) for actuating the valves, and - a data-processing unit (83) connected to said first and second temperature sensors and to said valve operating means, so that at least some of the actions on the valves take into account temperature data from the first temperature sensor (45) and / or the second temperature sensor (79).

12. Vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the data processing unit (83) acts to provide a fluid flow in said thermal exchange: - via at least one of the first, second and further supplies (27,29,25) of fluid, during a first period of time, and - via at least two of the first, second and further fluid supplies (27,29,25), during a second period of time, and takes into account: - temperature data from at least the second temperature sensor (79) during at least the first time period, - temperature data from at least the first temperature sensor (45) during at least the second time period.

13. Vehicle according to claim 11 or 12, wherein: - the means (45, 79, 81, 83, 97) for controlling the valves further comprise at least one third sensor (97) for acquiring data relating to the depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery, and / or to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and - the data processing unit (83) is connected to the said at least one third sensor (97) so that at least some of the actions on the valves take account of data acquired by the third sensor (97).

14. Vehicle disposed in an outdoor environment (39) and comprising the assembly according to claim 4 alone or in combination with any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the means (45,79,81,83,97) for controlling the valves comprise: - at least one sensor (97) for acquiring data relating to the depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery, and / or to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, - means (81) for actuating the valves, and - a data processing unit (83) connected to the said at least one sensor (97), so that at least some of the actions on the valves (47) take account of data acquired by the said sensor (97) for acquiring the data relating to the depth of discharge of the battery, and / or to the state of charge of the battery.

15. Vehicle according to any one of claims 11 to 14, comprising the second fluid passage (19,119), which passes between two thermally conductive plates (67a,67b), or two series of thermally conductive plates (67c,67d) defining a plurality of said second fluid passages (19,119) arranged in parallel, - said fluid (15) to be circulated in the first fluid passage (17, 117) is a first fluid, - said fluid (15) to be circulated in the second fluid passage (19,119) is a second fluid different from the first fluid, and, - the first and second fluids flow in separate circuits (85, 87).

16. Vehicle according to claim 15, wherein : - the second fluid passage (19, 119) and said plates (67a, 67b; 67c, 67d) are arranged under the electric battery, and - said fluid, or at least one of the fluids, to be circulated in the second fluid passage(s) (19, 119) is a liquid.

17. Vehicle according to any one of claims 11 to 14, which comprises: - the second fluid passage (19, 119), and - at least one recycling in which the second fluid passage (19, 119) communicates with a recirculation circuit, for reintroducing into the second supply (29) at least part of the said fluid coming from the second fluid passage, after passing through the device (43) for supplying calories or frigories to the assembly according to claim 5 or 6.

18. Vehicle according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein: - the fluid flow control means (35, 41, 45, 47, 79, 81, 83, 97) further comprise at least one pump or fan (41) for the circulation of the fluid(s), and, - wherein, after the pump or fan, in the direction of fluid circulation from upstream to downstream, there are, firstly said peripheral passages (21) and then said first fluid passage and / or second fluid passage, so that the fluid flows first into said additional supply (25) of fluid and then into the first fluid supply (27) and / or into the second fluid supply (29).