OPTICAL SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an optical device for illuminating the sides of a vehicle.

[0002] With the development of the autonomous motor vehicle, it is becoming necessary to improve driving assistance, in all lighting conditions, in particular to manage various specific driving functions including: lane keeping, to enable a vehicle to follow its lane on a road, in particular by detecting and signaling to the driver any deviation from the trajectory;lane centering, which complements the previous function, and more specifically allows the vehicle to be kept autonomously in the center of its lane, lane changing, to allow a vehicle to change lanes, for example for overtaking, emergency braking, also known as automated emergency breaking, or more simply by the acronym AEB, emergency avoidance maneuver, also known as automated emergency steering, or more simply by the acronym AES, which allows you to avoid an obstacle in your lane, parking assistance, and autonomous parking.

[0003] In these different functions, the assistance device needs to receive input information, including in particular the detection of road markings, such as lane lines, and / or the presence of any obstacles on the road. This detection must be able to be carried out in all conditions, and particularly at night.

[0004] As a note, the existing lighting on a vehicle allows the road in front of the vehicle to be illuminated from a distance of two meters on its own lane and five meters on adjacent lanes.

[0005] However, lighting the side of the vehicle is more difficult because the lighting must cover the entire rectangular area adjacent to the vehicle, extending from a few centimeters from the vehicle to several meters and extending over a length of about ten meters. The angular extent of this area to be illuminated makes it very difficult to illuminate this entire surface evenly.

[0006] The prior art is represented by document US 2016 / 126425 A1 and EP 2 770 248 A1.

[0007] These constraints make it difficult, if not impossible, to detect certain road markings or obstacles near a vehicle, particularly in the lateral regions, which does not make it possible to offer an assistance device fulfilling the aforementioned functions necessary for an autonomous vehicle.

[0008] The aim of the invention is to provide a device and a method for lighting a lateral region of a vehicle, remedying the above drawbacks and improving the devices and methods for assisting the driving of a motor vehicle, enabling it in particular to fulfill the assistance functions explained above, to be suitable for assisting an autonomous vehicle.

[0009] In addition, the aim of the invention is to provide a simple, reliable, and cost-effective lighting and driving assistance solution for a motor vehicle.

[0010] The invention is defined by the claims.

[0011] To this end, the invention relates to an optical device for a vehicle. Said optical device comprises at least one lens comprising an optical axis and an exit diopter and an entrance diopter. Said optical device also comprises a light source arranged to emit light towards the entrance diopter of the at least one lens, the at least one lens having an object focus located substantially on the entrance diopter of the lens, at its optical axis.A section of the output diopter through a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises one or more arcs of an ellipse or substantially of an ellipse, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays from the light source would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens at the output of a reference output diopter, this modification being such that all or part of the rays emitted by the at least one lens of the optical device are inclined in a similar manner in a direction not parallel to the optical axis, in a manner suitable for ground illumination when the optical device is arranged within a motor vehicle with its optical axis horizontal.

[0012] In one embodiment, a section of the upper part of the exit diopter of the at least one lens through a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises one or more arcs of an ellipse or substantially of an ellipse, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens, so that all or part of the rays emitted by the upper part of the at least one lens are inclined towards the optical axis of the at least one lens, and in that a section of the lower part of the exit diopter of the at least one lens through a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises one or more arcs of an ellipse or substantially of an ellipse, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens,such that all or part of the rays emitted by the lower part of the at least one lens are inclined so as to move away from the optical axis of the at least one lens. In one embodiment, a section of the upper part of the exit diopter of the at least one lens by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises one or more arcs of an ellipse or substantially of an ellipse, inscribed between a reference elliptical contour by which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens and an elliptical contour obtained by a reduction of 30% of the length of the minor axis of the reference elliptical contour, and / or in that a section of the lower part of the exit diopter of the at least one lens by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises one or more arcs of an ellipse or substantially of an ellipse,inscribed between a reference elliptical contour by which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens and an elliptical contour obtained by an increase of 30% in the length of the minor axis of the reference elliptical contour.,

[0013] In one embodiment, a section of the upper part of the exit diopter of the at least one lens by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens comprises an upper ellipse arc and a lower ellipse arc, separated by a continuous boundary at the level of their intersection with the optical axis, the two ellipse arcs having the same center and the same focus coincident with the object focus of the lens, and characterized in that the upper ellipse arc and / or the lower ellipse arc has an eccentricity making it possible to deflect the light rays coming from the light source so as to respectively incline them towards and / or incline them away from the optical axis.

[0014] In one embodiment, the length of the minor axis of the upper ellipse arc is 5 to 30% less than the length of the minor axis of a reference ellipse arc.

[0015] In one embodiment, the length of the minor axis of the lower ellipse arc is 5 to 30% greater than a length of the minor axis of a reference ellipse arc.

[0016] In one embodiment, the rays coming from the output diopter are all oriented towards a horizontal plane parallel to the optical axis, capable of illuminating a ground on which a vehicle on which the optical device is mounted would rest.

[0017] In one embodiment, the exit diopter is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0018] In one embodiment, the light source is arranged close to the entrance diopter, the distance between the light source and the entrance diopter being in particular less than 10 mm.

[0019] In one embodiment, the light source is attached to the entrance diopter.

[0020] In one embodiment, the lens comprises, between the entrance diopter and the exit diopter, a lateral face, preferably arranged to contain the entire emission cone formed by the light rays emitted by the light source and propagating in the lens.

[0021] In one embodiment, a section of the exit diopter through a horizontal plane containing the optical axis has a substantially parabolic shape.

[0022] The invention also relates to a lighting system intended to be mounted on the underbody of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising several optical devices according to the invention.

[0023] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle, in particular autonomous or semi-autonomous, comprising one or more optical devices according to the invention or one or more lighting systems according to the invention, arranged in the lower and lateral part of the motor vehicle.

[0024] The attached drawings represent, by way of example, an embodiment of an optical device according to the invention and of a vehicle comprising such a module. [ Fig. 1 ] represents a top view of an optical device according to an embodiment of the invention. [ Fig. 2 ] represents a side view of an optical device according to an embodiment of the invention. [ Fig. 3 ] represents a side view of a reference optical device. [ Fig. 4 ] represents a side view of an optical device according to a first embodiment not representing the invention. Fig. 5 ] represents a side view of an optical device according to a second embodiment not representing the invention. Fig. 6 ] represents a side view of an optical device according to a third embodiment representing the invention. Fig. 7 ] represents a top view of an embodiment of a lighting system according to the present invention, comprising several optical devices side view of an optical device.

[0025] By convention, we will subsequently use the three directions x, y, z in relation to a vehicle positioned on a horizontal plane, within which an optical device according to the invention is intended to be integrated, at the level of a lateral flank, to carry out the illumination of the lateral zone of said motor vehicle. The y direction represents the longitudinal direction, oriented from the rear to the front of the motor vehicle. The x direction corresponds to the transverse direction, oriented from left to right. The z direction corresponds to the vertical direction. The directions x, y thus define a horizontal plane. These directions will thus be used extensively to describe a single optical device, with reference to its future position within a motor vehicle.

[0026] An example of a lens 2 of an optical device 1 according to one embodiment is described below with reference to figures 1 , 2 And 4has 6 . The lens 2 comprises an entrance diopter 3, an exit diopter 4 and a lateral face 7 arranged between the two diopters. The diopters comprise a central point around which they are arranged in a substantially symmetrical manner. The axis connecting these two central points represents an optical axis X of the lens.

[0027] The optical device 1 according to the embodiment comprises at least one light source 5 capable of emitting light towards the entrance diopter 3 of the lens 2. Preferably, the light source 5 and the lens 2 are arranged so that the light rays coming from the light source and reaching the lens propagate in a straight line, these rays not undergoing refraction on their path between the light source 5 and the exit diopter 4 of the lens 2. The exit diopter 4 then directs these light rays towards the outside. According to the embodiment, the lens 2, more particularly the exit diopter 4, is designed to allow the illumination of the lateral zone of a motor vehicle, in the vicinity of a motor vehicle, to respect the targeted lighting zone recalled previously.

[0028] Furthermore, the lens, and particularly the shape of the exit diopter 4, is designed so as to allow the production of a compact optical device. For example, the distance separating the light source 5 from the entry diopter 3 may be less than or equal to 10 mm, or even less than or equal to 3 mm. Preferably, the light source 5 is attached to the entry diopter 3. Alternatively, the entry diopter 3 may form a cavity receiving at least partially the light source 5.

[0029] According to the embodiment, the exit diopter 4 has a substantially parabolic shape (a portion of a parabola) when cut through a horizontal plane, in particular through a horizontal plane comprising the optical axis X, as will be detailed later. This shape allows a good right and left distribution of the light rays leaving the exit diopter 4, that is to say a good distribution of the illumination along the longitudinal direction y of a motor vehicle. Alternatively, this shape obtained by a section through a horizontal plane could be different. In addition, the exit diopter 4 has a shape close to an ellipse (more precisely along one or more portions of an ellipse or arcs of an ellipse) when cut through a vertical plane, in particular through a vertical plane comprising the optical axis X of the lens 2.This shape is more particularly designed for directing light rays towards the ground, close to the vehicle, and according to a predefined maximum range to illuminate the area useful for the proper functioning of an autonomous vehicle, as mentioned previously, in the transverse direction x.

[0030] The optical lens 2 has an optical axis X, oriented parallel to the transverse direction x, and corresponding both substantially to the axis of symmetry of the aforementioned parabolic shape and to a major axis of the aforementioned substantially elliptical shape. The lens is thus designed to arrange its optical axis in a horizontal plane within a motor vehicle positioned on a horizontal plane.

[0031] Preferably, the optical axis X is also the main axis of the beam emitted by the light source 5, that is to say the axis on which the light intensity is the strongest. As a remark, according to one embodiment, several light sources 5 could be arranged close to each other, around the optical axis X, to allow the generation of higher power lighting. To simplify the description, we will subsequently consider the presence of a single light source, knowing that it could be formed in practice by the combination of several distinct light sources.

[0032] More precisely, the light source 5 is positioned at the focal plane of the lens 2, that is to say at a plane located on the object focal length of the lens 2 and perpendicular to the optical axis X. Even more precisely, the light source 5 is arranged at the object focus F of the lens 2, located in the vicinity of the entrance diopter 3, at the intersection between the optical axis X and the focal plane P.

[0033] The light source 5 may comprise a light-emitting diode comprising an emitting surface 6 capable of emitting light towards the entrance diopter 3 of the lens 2. Preferably, the emitting surface 6 is arranged parallel to the focal plane P of the lens 2 and intersects the optical axis X. Very preferably, the light-emitting surface 6 is attached to the entrance diopter 3. The entrance diopter 3 shown is flat and extends entirely in front of the light-emitting surface 6 of the light source 5.

[0034] The lens 2 may comprise, between the input diopter 3 and the output diopter 4, a lateral face 7, preferably arranged to contain the entire emission cone formed by the light rays emitted by the light source 5 and propagating in the lens 2. Preferably, the lateral face 7 is substantially parallel to the emission cone formed by the light rays emitted by the light source 5 and propagating in the lens 2. The lateral face 7 may have a shape substantially diverging towards the optical output diopter 4 of the lens 2.

[0035] The lateral face 7 can be formed from several adjoining facets 8 by edges 11 extending along the length of the face 7, from the entrance diopter 3 to the exit diopter 4.

[0036] As illustrated on the figure 2 , the intersection of the exit diopter 4 by a vertical plane comprising the optical axis X comprises two elliptical arcs, an upper elliptical arc 41 and a lower elliptical arc 42.

[0037] Each ellipse arc 41, 42 has an object focus (not shown) coincident with the object focus F of the lens 2. Each ellipse arc 41, 42 has the same ellipse center O located on the optical axis X.

[0038] Preferably, the output diopter 4 consists of these two elliptical arcs 41, 42. The two elliptical arcs 41, 42 are preferably adjacent. Preferably, the boundary between the two elliptical arcs 41, 42 is continuous. In one embodiment, the two elliptical arcs 41, 42 each extend on one side of the optical axis X. The boundary between the two elliptical arcs 41, 42 may comprise a point on the optical axis X.

[0039] There is a particular form of such an optical device, which will be considered as the reference optical device 100, illustrated by the figure 3 , comprising a reference lens 102 whose intersection of the reference output diopter 104 with a vertical plane comprising the optical axis has a reference ellipse arc 143, and whose corresponding ellipse has a focus coincident with the object focus F of the lens. The reference ellipse arc 143 can be defined by the length of its minor axis OM1 or OM'1, where O is the center of the ellipse and the reference points M1 and M'1 are the opposite ends at the two minor axes of the reference ellipse 143. The three points O, M1 and M'1 are aligned in a vertical direction.

[0040] The reference output diopter 104 comprises an elliptical arc whose length of the minor reference axis OM1 or OM'1 is configured so that the light rays 153 coming from the light source 5 and transmitted by the reference output diopter 104 are parallel to each other and parallel to the optical axis X.

[0041] This particular length is a function of the focal length f of the lens as well as the refractive index n of the lens material and the half-length of the major axis a.

[0042] The distance FM1 allowing to obtain an arc of ellipse in exit diopter allowing to obtain such rays parallel to the optical axis X is given by the following equation: FM 1 = a 2 a − f 2 a = 1 − n f 2 − 1 n − n

[0043] From FM1, we can easily obtain the length of the minor axis OM1 of the elliptical arc by the following relation: OM 1 = FM 1 2 − a − f 2

[0044] THE figures 4 à 6 illustrate embodiments of a lens for an optical device in a side view, i.e., as a section through a vertical plane including the optical axis.

[0045] There figure 4 illustrates an optical device 1 according to a first embodiment.

[0046] In this first embodiment, the eccentricity of the upper elliptical arc 41 of the exit diopter 4 is reduced compared to the eccentricity of an elliptical arc allowing the light rays coming from the exit diopter 4 to be parallel (dotted on the figure 4 ), that is to say with respect to the reference ellipse of the figure 3 described above.

[0047] In other words, in this embodiment, the distance of the minor axis of the upper ellipse arc OM2 is less than the reference distance OM1 making it possible to obtain refracted rays parallel to each other. Thus, the light rays 51 coming from the light source 5 and transmitted by the upper ellipse arc 41 of the exit diopter 4 are deflected so as to be oriented towards the optical axis X in a vertical plane. The light rays 51 coming from the light source 5 and refracted by the upper ellipse arc 41 of the exit diopter 4 are thus deflected so as to converge more quickly on the ground when the optical device is arranged in a lateral zone of a vehicle.

[0048] The upper elliptical arc 41 of the exit diopter 4 maintains continuity with the lower elliptical arc 42 at the level of their intersection with the optical axis X.

[0049] The distance OM2 of the minor axis of the upper ellipse arc 41 is less than the distance OM1 making it possible to obtain refracted rays parallel to the optical axis X, that is to say to the minor axis of the reference ellipse 143 of the reference output diopter 104. Preferably, the distance OM2 of the minor axis of the upper ellipse arc is less than the reference distance OM1 by at least 0.2 mm, or even is less than this reference distance by a distance between 0.2 mm and 3 mm. Alternatively, this length of the minor axis of the upper ellipse arc according to the first embodiment of the invention is reduced by at least 5%, or even by at least 10%, relative to this length of the reference ellipse arc.

[0050] For example, the value of OM1 is about 13.5 mm and the value of OM2 is about 12.2 mm.

[0051] In this first embodiment, the lower elliptical arc 42 corresponds to the reference elliptical arc 143 described previously.

[0052] There figure 5 illustrates an optical device 1 according to a second embodiment.

[0053] In this second embodiment, the eccentricity of the lower elliptical arc 42 is accentuated relative to the eccentricity of a reference elliptical arc, allowing the light rays coming from the exit diopter 4 to be parallel to each other in the direction of the optical axis X (dotted on the figure 5 ).

[0054] In other words, in this embodiment, the distance of the minor axis of the lower elliptical arc OM'2 is greater than the reference distance OM'1, making it possible to obtain refracted rays parallel to each other. Thus, the light rays 52 coming from the light source 5 and refracted by the lower elliptical arc 42 of the exit diopter 4 are deflected in the opposite direction of the optical axis X in a vertical plane. The light rays 52 refracted by the lower elliptical arc 42 of the exit diopter 4 thus converge towards the ground on which the vehicle rests in a vertical plane. They allow, for example, lighting in the immediate vicinity of a vehicle.

[0055] The lower elliptical arc 42 of the exit diopter 4 maintains continuity with the upper elliptical arc 41 at the level of their intersection with the optical axis X.

[0056] The distance OM'2 of the minor axis of the lower ellipse arc 42 is greater than the reference distance OM'1 making it possible to obtain refracted rays parallel to the optical axis X. Preferably, the distance OM'2 of the minor axis of the lower ellipse arc is greater than the reference distance OM'1 by at least 0.3 mm, or even by a length of between 0.3 mm and 6 mm. Alternatively, this length of the minor axis of the lower ellipse arc according to the first embodiment of the invention is increased by at least 5%, or even by at least 10%, relative to this length of the reference ellipse arc.

[0057] For example, the value of OM'1 is about 13.5 mm and the value of OM'2 is about 16.2 mm.

[0058] In this second embodiment, the upper elliptical arc 41 corresponds to the reference elliptical arc 143 described previously.

[0059] There figure 6 illustrates an optical device 1 according to a third embodiment representing the invention.

[0060] In this third embodiment, the upper elliptical arc 41 of the exit diopter 4 is similar to that of the first embodiment described above and illustrated in the figure 4 . Furthermore, in this third embodiment, the lower elliptical arc 42 of the exit diopter 4 is similar to that of the second embodiment described above and illustrated by the figure 5 .

[0061] The light rays 51, 52 coming from the lens 2 are thus all deflected downwards, and therefore towards the ground on which a vehicle is resting. This embodiment advantageously makes it possible to illuminate parts of the road very close to the vehicle, for example the lateral areas of the vehicle, without having to tilt the optical device, the optical axis X of which remains horizontal.

[0062] According to another embodiment, an optical device may comprise several lenses, identical or different. figure 7 illustrates such an embodiment, in which an optical device 1 comprises two lenses 2 according to the present invention

[0063] The optical device 1 may comprise several lenses 2 whose optical axes are all included in the same horizontal plane, the focal planes P of each lens 2 being able to intersect so as to increase the projection beam of the light rays 55 of the optical system 10.

[0064] In one embodiment, "elliptical arc" means a portion having substantially the shape of an elliptical arc.

[0065] Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described. In particular, the exit diopter 4 could have another shape substantially in the form of an arc of an ellipse or substantially in the form of an arc of an ellipse by sections through a lateral vertical plane, that is to say through a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the optical device. Thus, the upper part, above the optical axis, of such a section of the exit diopter 4 could have a shape in the form of an arc of an ellipse or in a quasi-elliptical form, inscribed inside the reference contour defined in relation to the figure 3 , so as to bend the rays coming from the exit diopter 4 towards the optical axis. Conversely, in addition or as a variant, the lower part of such a section by the same vertical plane of the exit diopter 4 could comprise an elliptical arc shape or a quasi-elliptical shape, inscribed outside the reference contour defined in relation to the figure 3, so as to bend the rays coming from the exit diopter 4 in the opposite direction to the optical axis. The adjectives "inner" and "outer" are understood relative to the lens 2. Finally, the exit diopter can have any substantially elliptical shape between the reference ellipse defined previously and a second ellipse formed by a reduction in the length of the minor axis of the reference ellipse of 30% in the upper part or an increase in the length of the minor axis of the reference ellipse of 30% in the lower part. It is thus possible to form a multitude of embodiments.

[0066] The invention also relates to a lighting system 10 intended to be mounted on the underbody of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising several optical devices 1 as described previously. Finally, it relates to a motor vehicle, preferably autonomous, comprising one or more optical devices or lighting systems as described previously and arranged in the lower and lateral part of the motor vehicle.

Claims

1. Optical device (1) for a vehicle comprising: • at least one lens (2) comprising an optical axis and an output diopter (4) and an input diopter (3); and • a light source (5) arranged to emit light towards the input diopter (3) of the at least one lens (2), the at least one lens having an object focus (F) located substantially on the input diopter (3) of the lens (2), at the level of its optical axis, a section of the output diopter (4) by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) comprising several elliptical or substantially elliptical arcs, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays originating from the light source (5) would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) at the output of a reference output diopter (4), the reference elliptical shape having a minor axis of length OM1, characterized in that this modification is, for an upper elliptical arc, such that the length OM2 of the corresponding minor axis of the ellipse is less than OM1 and this modification is, for a lower elliptical arc, such that the length OM'2 of the corresponding minor axis of the ellipse is greater than OM1, such that the rays originating from the output diopter (4) are all directed towards a horizontal plane parallel to the optical axis, suitable for illuminating a ground on which a vehicle would rest on which the optical device (1) would be mounted.

2. Optical device (1) according to the previous claim, characterized in that a section of the upper part of the output diopter (4) of the at least one lens (2) by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) comprises one or more elliptical or substantially elliptical arcs, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2), so that all or part of the rays emitted by the upper part of the at least one lens (2) are inclined towards the optical axis of the at least one lens (2), and in that a section of the lower part of the output diopter (4) of the at least one lens (2) by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) comprises one or more elliptical or substantially elliptical arcs, modified with respect to a reference elliptical shape in which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2), so that all or part of the rays emitted by the lower part of the at least one lens (2) are inclined so as to move away from the optical axis of the at least one lens (2).

3. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a section of the upper part of the output diopter (4) of the at least one lens (2) by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) comprises one or more elliptical or substantially elliptical arcs, inscribed between a reference elliptical contour by which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) and an elliptical contour obtained by a 30% reduction in the length of the minor axis of the reference elliptical contour, and / or in that a section of the lower part of the output diopter (4) of the at least one lens (2) by a vertical plane parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) comprises one or more elliptical or substantially elliptical arcs, inscribed between a reference elliptical contour by which all the rays would be emitted parallel to the optical axis of the at least one lens (2) and an elliptical contour obtained by a 30% increase in the length of the minor axis of the reference elliptical contour.

4. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the minor axis of the upper elliptical arc (41) is less than the length of the minor axis of a reference elliptical arc by 5 to 30%.

5. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the minor axis of the lower elliptical arc (42) is greater than the length of the minor axis of a reference elliptical arc by 5 to 30%.

6. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output diopter (4) is arranged perpendicularly to the axis.

7. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light source (5) is arranged close to the input diopter (3), the distance between the light source (5) and the input diopter (3) being in particular less than 10 mm.

8. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light source (5) is attached to the input diopter (3).

9. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens (2) comprises, between the input diopter (3) and the output diopter (4), a lateral face (7), preferably arranged to contain the entire emission cone formed by the light rays emitted by the light source (5) and propagating in the lens (2).

10. Optical device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a section of the output diopter (4) by a horizontal plane containing the optical axis has a substantially parabolic shape.

11. Lighting system (10), intended to be mounted on the rocker panel of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising several optical devices (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

12. Motor vehicle, in particular autonomous or semi-autonomous, characterized in that it comprises one or more optical devices (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or one or more lighting systems.