Construction kit for forming parts between a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a set of parts intended to form together a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building, which set comprises a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, the elements of the first set of elements each having a first substantially flat face and a second face, the second face being opposite the first face, which second face has a profile having an angular geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present on their second face, which set also comprises a second set of acoustic attenuation elements intended to be placed between two elements of said first set which are fitted together thanks to their profile.

[0002] Such an assembly is known from EP 1 528 170. In the known assembly, the set of elements consists of a lower element and an upper element, with an intermediate element between them. The intermediate element is an acoustic attenuation element. The profile geometry of the lower element differs from that of the upper element.

[0003] In building construction, it is common practice to build a floor and / or ceiling to divide the different levels of a building. Generally, floors and ceilings are formed using hollow core slabs, more specifically reinforced or prestressed concrete slabs. These slabs are placed on load-bearing walls. After the slabs are installed, formwork must be built and a compression screed poured over them to prevent movement between the slabs and thus avoid a phenomenon known as "piano-piano" (a type of movement).

[0004] One drawback of using hollow core slabs is that the formwork construction and screed pouring are not only time-consuming, but construction of the building also requires waiting for the screed to harden. Furthermore, if the building is later renovated or demolished, the hollow core slabs cannot be salvaged for reuse.

[0005] One disadvantage of the known set of application EP 1 528 170 is that the lower and upper elements have a different geometry profile, which not only requires different molds to manufacture them, making their manufacture more expensive, but also complicates placement.

[0006] The invention aims to provide a set of components designed to easily form a floor and / or ceiling for at least one room in a building. These components can be installed to form the ceiling and / or floor without the need for a compression screed after installation. Furthermore, in the event of renovation or demolition of the building, the components can be salvaged and even reused after the floor and / or ceiling has been removed.

[0007] To this end, a set of components intended to form a floor and / or ceiling of at least one room in a building according to the invention is characterized in that, for each element of the first set, the angular geometry of the profile is the same and is present across the entire second face. These acoustic attenuation elements have an angular geometry that matches that of the profile. The acoustic attenuation elements are positioned in a hollow, or respectively on a ridge, formed by the profile of the elements present on the second face. The fact that the elements of the first set can be interlocked thanks to their profile, which is the same for each element of the first set, also allows them to be staggered, thus connecting the elements and preventing the "pitching" effect.Furthermore, the use of a second set of acoustic attenuation elements, whose angular geometry matches that of the profile, significantly reduces noise transmission through the elements and, thanks to their elasticity, also reduces the "pitching" effect. This "pitching" effect results from a point load applied to one element rather than to its adjacent one. The angular geometry of the acoustic attenuation elements, which matches the profile of the elements in the first set, allows for quick and easy positioning relative to the elements in the first set.

[0008] A first preferred embodiment of an assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the profile has a trapezoidal geometry. The trapezoidal geometry is not only easy to produce, for example by casting in a mold, but also allows for easy and reliable interlocking over time.

[0009] A second preferred embodiment of an assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the elements of the second set are made of an elastic material, in particular rubber. The elastic material makes it easy to accommodate any surface irregularities of the elements and to dampen impact noise induced in and transmitted by the elements. Furthermore, the rubber can, for example, be made from recycled material from used tires.

[0010] Preferably, the elements of the first set of components are provided with at least one hole extending from the transverse faces of the component and arranged to accommodate a fitting for attaching it to a handling device. This facilitates the handling of the elements of the first set.

[0011] The invention also relates to a method of laying a floor and / or ceiling of at least one room of a building according to which floor and / or ceiling elements, part of a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, are laid on load-bearing walls of the building, the elements each having a first substantially flat face and a second face, the second face being opposite the first face and is provided with a profile having a geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present, the elements being laid by laying a first layer in such a way that their second face is oriented upwards.

[0012] The method according to the invention is characterized in that, subsequently, elements of the first layer are placed on this second face, the profile of which is applied across the entire second face, along with the acoustic attenuation element(s) having an angular geometry that matches that of the profile of the elements of the first set. Then, a second layer of elements is placed on top of the acoustic attenuation element(s), interlocking the profile of the elements of the second layer with the profile of the elements of the first layer, the elements of the second layer being positioned transversely with respect to those of the first layer. This transverse offset allows the load applied to it to be redirected towards two adjacent elements of the first layer, thus preventing a "pitching" effect.

[0013] The acoustic attenuation elements are placed in a hollow and / or on a ridge that forms part of the profile of the elements in the first layer. This facilitates their installation.

[0014] The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, which show an example of an embodiment of the assembly according to the invention and illustrate the process according to the invention. In the drawings: There figure 1 shows a view of part of a floor made up of five elements, some from a first set of elements and others from a second set; The figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view through a floor according to the invention; The figure 3 also shows a cross-sectional view along line II-II', but with an alternative shape of the acoustic attenuation element; The figure 4 shows a view of the top face of an element from the first set on which the acoustic attenuation elements are placed; The figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view through another alternative form of an element from the first set of elements; and The figures 6 et 7 show a cross-sectional view through an alternative shape of an element from the first set of elements;

[0015] In the figures, the same reference has been assigned to the same element or a similar element.

[0016] There figure 1 Figure 1 shows a view of part of a floor slab (1) made up of five elements (2) belonging to a first set of elements. These elements are made of reinforced or prestressed concrete. Reinforced or prestressed concrete is a well-known and inexpensive material for manufacturing building elements. The elements (2) of the first set of elements are solid elements, that is, elements without cavities extending along their entire length. Each element (2) of the first set of elements has a first face (2a) that is substantially flat and a second face (2b), the second face being opposite the first face. The second face (2b) has a profile (3) with a geometry such that two elements can interlock thanks to the profile present on their second face. The profile is present across the entire second face to ensure a proper interlock. For each element of the first set, the angular geometry of the profile is the same.

[0017] Preferably, the profile has a trapezoidal geometry. This geometry is not only easy to create, for example by pouring concrete into a mold, but also allows for easy interlocking of two elements from the first set. Of course, other geometries can be used, such as a sinusoidal or sawtooth profile.

[0018] The assembly according to the invention also includes a second set of acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) intended to be placed in a space formed between two elements (2) which are fitted together by means of their profile (3) applied to their second face. Preferably, the acoustic attenuation elements are made of an elastic material, in particular rubber. More particularly, rubber obtained from used tires forms a good raw material for manufacturing the acoustic attenuation elements. Indeed, rubber obtained from used tires offers adequate elasticity for the acoustic attenuation elements to be manufactured. The acoustic attenuation elements have an angular or corrugated geometry that follows that of the profile (3). Thus, we see at the figure 2 that the acoustic attenuation element is formed by a corrugated sheet which substantially fills the space between two superimposed elements of the first set and fitted together by means of their profile.

[0019] However, in the form of implementation illustrated in figures 1 et 3 The acoustic attenuation element consists of a first series of flared U-shaped profiles (5-1) and a second series of flared and inverted U-shaped profiles (5-2). The first series of profiles is fitted into the base between two adjacent sides of the profile, while the second series is placed on the tops of the profile. There is a gap between the first and second series of profiles. Preferably, the thickness of the rising arms of the flared and inverted U-shaped profiles (5-2) decreases towards their apex to facilitate the interlocking of the elements of the second layer. Alternatively, a mineral wool mat could be used as a complementary acoustic attenuation element to the U-shaped profile.

[0020] The acoustic attenuation element does not need to extend along the entire length of the second face. The acoustic attenuation element can also, for example, be applied to segments of the profile, as illustrated in the figure 4 , and be formed by a number of segments ((5-1) 1 .. (5-1) n , (5-2) 1 .. (5-2) n ) of profiles which will be distributed over the length of the element of the first set.

[0021] As illustrated in the figure 5 The elements (2) of the first set of elements are provided with metal reinforcement, in particular reinforcing bars (9, 9') or cables, with at least one component (9) of the reinforcement in the base and / or at least one other component (9') of the reinforcement in the crest or apex of the profile. The interlocking of the elements of the first set allows for a reduction in the diameter of the reinforcement. The greater the interlocking, the greater the distance (d) between the metal reinforcement pieces 9 and 9' can be. The greater the distance (d), the more the diameter of the metal reinforcement pieces can be reduced, thus resulting in cost savings.

[0022] Preferably, the elements (2) of the first set of elements are provided with at least one hole (8) extending from the transverse faces of the element and arranged to accommodate a device for attaching to a handling device. Thus, a gripping device, such as a bar, can be inserted into one or more holes (8), which can then be connected by a strap to a handling device for handling the elements of the first set during loading, unloading, and placement.

[0023] Preferably, and as illustrated in figures 6 et 7The elements of the first set of components have a tenon (6) on one side and a mortise (7) on the other. The tenon and mortise are sized so that the tenon of the first component can engage in the mortise of a second component placed next to it. The use of this tenon and mortise allows two components of the first set to be joined together, with each component placed side by side. Thus, the connection between two components is achieved not only by means of the profile (3), but also by means of the tenons and mortises, which provides a better connection between the components and further reduces movement between them.

[0024] The method according to the invention for installing a floor and / or ceiling in at least one room of a building will now be described. According to this method, floor and / or ceiling elements (2) belonging to the first set of elements are installed on the load-bearing walls of the building. The elements (2) are installed by laying a first layer such that their second face (2b) is oriented upwards. Next, acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) are placed on this second face of the first layer. Following this, a second layer of elements (2) is placed on top of the acoustic attenuation elements, interlocking the profile of the elements of the second layer with the profile of the elements of the first layer. The elements of the second layer are installed with a transverse offset relative to those of the first layer.The staggered installation method allows the elements of the first and second layers to be connected, preventing them from shifting relative to one another. Ideally, the elements of the second layer are laid so that 50% of their width covers one element of the first layer, and the other 50% covers an adjacent element of the first layer. This distribution ensures a balanced and even load transfer from the second-layer element to two underlying elements of the first layer, thus preventing the "pig-pig" effect. Furthermore, using two elements from the first set that are overlapped by interlocking and staggered transversely eliminates the need for a subsequent compression screed, resulting in significant time savings during construction.

[0025] When the elements are fitted with tenons (6) and mortises (7) the second layer will be laid by tilting the element to be laid of the second layer so as to allow the tenon to engage in the mortise.

[0026] The acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5) are placed in a hollow, or respectively on a ridge, formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer. Since the acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) are placed between the first and second layers, they will largely contribute to interrupting, or at least attenuating, the transmission of noise through the elements (2), thus reducing the noise nuisance in the room where the floor and / or ceiling will be installed.

[0027] The use of acoustic damping elements (4.5-1, 5-2) offers the advantage of significantly reducing noise transmission through the floor or ceiling, which, particularly in apartment buildings, provides a better quality of life. These acoustic damping elements, preferably made of elastic material, will partially compress, especially under the pressure exerted by the second layer and the pressure of the applied load. However, care will be taken, through factors such as the composition and dimensions of the elastic material, to ensure that even under this compressive force, at least 20% of the initial elasticity is maintained. Placing the acoustic damping elements between two elements of the first set creates a so-called "mass-spring-mass" assembly. Such an assembly provides good acoustic damping because it effectively breaks up noise transmission through the mass.

[0028] The use of a first and second layer of elements (2) from the first set also offers an advantage when the ceiling or floor needs to be removed, for example, during renovation or demolition work. Since the second layer rests on the first layer and it is not necessary to pour a compression screed over the elements of the first set, the floor or ceiling can be easily dismantled, and the elements recovered for reuse. The use of the assembly according to the invention therefore offers an ecological benefit since it allows for the recovery of these elements. To dismantle the floor and / or ceiling, the elements of the second layer are lifted to separate them from those of the first layer. Next, the acoustic attenuation elements are removed, and then the elements of the first layer are lifted to detach them from the load-bearing wall.

Claims

1. An assembly of parts intended to form among them a floor (1) and / or ceiling of at least one room in a building, which assembly comprises a first set of elements (2) made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, the elements of the first set of elements each having a first face (2a) that is substantially flat and a second face (2b), the second face being opposite the first face, which second face presents a profile (3) having an angular geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present on their second face, which assembly also includes a second set of sound attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) provided for being placed between two elements of said first set which are interlocked thanks to their profile, characterized in that for each element of the first set the angular geometry of the profile is the same and is present on the entire second face, which sound attenuation elements have an angular geometry that matches that of the profile, the sound attenuation elements (4,5) being positioned in a hollow, respectively on a ridge, formed by the profile present on the second face of the elements.

2. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile has a trapezoidal geometry.

3. An assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elements of the second set are made of elastic material, in particular rubber.

4. An assembly according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elements of the first set of elements are provided with at least one hole (8) applied from the transverse surfaces of the element and provided for introducing a member enabling attaching to a handling machine.

5. An assembly according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elements of the first set of elements comprise on a first lateral side a tenon (6) and on a second lateral side a mortise (7), the tenon and the mortise being sized so that the tenon of a first element can engage with the mortise of a second element juxtaposed to the first element.

6. An assembly according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements of the first set are provided with a metal reinforcement, in particular reinforcing bars (9, 9') or cables, with at least one component (9) of the reinforcement in the base and at least one other component (9') of the reinforcement in the crest of the profile.

7. A method of laying a floor and / or ceiling of at least one room in a building according to which floor and / or ceiling elements, which are part of a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, are laid on load-bearing walls of the building, each of the elements having a first face that is substantially flat and a second face, the second face being opposite to the first face and provided with a profile having a geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to their profile present, the elements being laid by laying a first layer in such a way that their second face is oriented upwards, characterized in that there is thereafter applied on that second face of the elements of the first layer, the profile of which being applied over the entire second face, the or the sound attenuation element(s) having an angular geometry that matches that of the profile of the elements of the first set, and thereafter there is applied on the or the sound attenuation element(s) a second layer of elements by having the profile of the elements of the second layer of the elements fit, thanks to their profile, into the profile of the elements of the first layer, the elements of the second layer being laid in transverse offset with respect to those of the first layer.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the sound attenuation elements are applied in a hollow formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the sound attenuation elements are placed on a ridge forming part of the profile of the elements of the first layer.

10. The method for dismantling a floor and / or ceiling laid by applying the method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the elements of the second layer are lifted to separate them from those of the first layer, then the sound attenuation elements are removed and then the elements of the first layer are lifted to remove them from the load-bearing wall.