Stop means for suspending loads on a support means

Abstract

Lifting device (1) for attaching a load (2) to a lifting device (3) with at least one tensioning unit (4) which serves to transmit force between the load (2) and the lifting device (3) and by means of which the length (La) of the lifting device (1) can be varied, wherein the lifting device (1) has at least one locking arrangement (5) which is configured to bridge the tensioning unit (4) in order to ensure the force transmission between the load (2) and the lifting device (3) even if this can no longer be ensured by means of the tensioning unit (4) due to the mass of the load (2) or a technical defect of the tensioning unit (4). Furthermore, the invention relates to a load-bearing device (16) for receiving a load (2) with a lifting device (3) and at least one corresponding lifting device (1) by means of which the load (2) can be attached to the lifting device (3).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a lifting device for suspending a load from a support means having at least one traction unit which serves to transmit force between the load and the support means and by means of which a length of the lifting device can be changed.

[0002] DE 20 2010 001 122 U1 discloses a load-handling device, in particular a chain sling, comprising at least one lifting device with a first shortening device and a carrying device for a load. Furthermore, a lifting device with a second shortening device is provided, which can be detachably connected to the lifting device and connected in parallel thereto.

[0003] JP 2004-99193 A and FR 3 002 014 A1 each disclose lifting devices. JP 2004 099193 A discloses the preamble of claim 1.

[0004] The object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0005] The problem is solved by a lifting device and a load-handling device having the features of the independent claims. A lifting device is proposed for suspending a load from a load-bearing device. The lifting device can be, for example, a chain sling, whereby the lifting device can be arranged, for example, on a load-bearing device designed as a crane. Such lifting devices are used, for example, in civil engineering and structural engineering to transport loads such as components, for example beams, ceiling or wall elements, for a building construction to the intended position. The loads can also be boilers or reactors for chemical processes, heating boilers, road elements, bridge elements, rotor blades for wind turbines, pipes for pipelines or containers. The lifting device thus has a load-bearing capacity of several tons. Even load-bearing capacities of up to 100 tons are conceivable.

[0006] The lifting device has at least one traction unit, which serves to transmit force between the load and the support device. The traction unit can thus absorb the entire load and transfer the force from the suspended load to the support device. Furthermore, the length of the lifting device can be changed by means of the traction unit. In particular, the traction unit can shorten the length of the lifting device when the traction unit is operated. The traction unit changes, in particular shortens, its own length, so that the length of the lifting device changes, in particular shortens. The lifting device, on the other hand, can essentially be lengthened again by at least partially throttling a power or function of the traction unit, so that the load stretches the traction unit and thus the lifting device. By changing the length of the lifting device, the load, for example, the component for building construction, can be positioned.

[0007] By changing the length of the sling, the load, such as the component, can also be aligned. For example, if the load is a wall element for a building, care must be taken during installation to ensure that the wall element is placed horizontally on a foundation. By changing the length of the sling, the wall element can be aligned horizontally.

[0008] According to the invention, the lifting device has at least one securing arrangement designed to bridge the traction unit in order to ensure the transmission of force between the load and the support means even if this can no longer be ensured with the aid of the traction unit due to the mass of the load or a technical defect in the traction unit. Due to the high loads in the range of several tons that occur, the traction unit can be hydraulically or electrically driven. In some situations, it will be necessary to switch off or uncouple the power supply to the traction unit. With the aid of the securing arrangement, which bridges the traction unit, the transmission of force from the load to the support means can still be ensured, even if the traction unit is out of service or if the load would overload the traction unit. The securing arrangement can thus secure the lifting device.In most cases, the traction unit can only exert a tensile force during operation, which shortens the length of the lifting gear. The securing arrangement can hold the load while the traction unit is unloaded or can be unloaded.

[0009] It is advantageous if the securing arrangement is long enough to transfer the force between the load and the support means before the maximum operating length of the traction unit is reached. This allows the securing arrangement to absorb the force generated by the suspended load before the maximum length of the traction unit is reached. This protects the traction unit from damage. The maximum operating length is the length at which the traction unit is at its maximum length and is still functional, i.e., can still exert a force.

[0010] It is advantageous if the pulling unit comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a chain winch, a cable winch and / or an electric linear motor. The chain winch and / or cable winch can, for example, be operated with an electric motor. For example, with the help of the hydraulic cylinder as a pulling unit, the length of the lifting gear can be easily changed. The hydraulic cylinder has a piston arranged in a working cylinder, which is movable in the axial direction of the cylinder and can be extended and retracted so that the length of the hydraulic cylinder changes. In this way, the length of the lifting gear can be changed. The hydraulic cylinder can be designed such that it can only apply force in one direction, namely the pulling direction, so that the hydraulic cylinder itself can only shorten the length of the lifting gear.The length of the hydraulic cylinder, however, can be extended again by reducing the force applied by the hydraulic cylinder, so that the load stretches the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump in a conventional manner.

[0011] The securing arrangement also comprises at least two securing elements arranged on either side of the traction unit. The two securing elements are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to the traction unit. With two securing elements, the securing arrangement can accommodate a higher load.

[0012] It is advantageous if the securing elements can be subjected, especially exclusively, to a tensile force. Additionally or alternatively, the securing elements cannot be subjected to a compressive force. If the securing arrangement cannot be subjected to a compressive force, the securing arrangement does not impede the pulling unit if it shortens the length of the lifting device.

[0013] It is advantageous if the safety elements are designed as a chain, a rope, a strap, a belt, and / or a bracket. This allows for a simple design of the safety elements. However, the safety element can also be a rod.

[0014] It is advantageous if the securing elements are arranged parallel to the traction unit. This allows either the securing arrangement or the traction unit to absorb the load, with the securing elements absorbing the load in the secured state.

[0015] It is also advantageous, either additionally or alternatively, if the securing elements bridge the traction unit. This also allows the load to be absorbed either by the securing arrangement or the securing elements or by the traction unit. When the securing arrangement secures the traction unit, the load is absorbed by the securing arrangement. When the securing arrangement secures the traction unit, the securing arrangement diverts a force around the traction unit.

[0016] It is advantageous if the lifting device has a first connecting unit and a second connecting unit, wherein the at least one tension unit is arranged between the first and second connecting units of the lifting device and is connected to them. The first and / or second connecting unit can be a balancing rocker on which the tension unit is arranged.

[0017] It is advantageous if the securing arrangement is connected to the first and second connecting units. This connects the securing arrangement and the traction unit to the two connecting units, allowing the load to be absorbed by the securing arrangement and / or the traction unit.

[0018] It is advantageous if the securing elements are designed as a guide rod, wherein at least one of the two connecting units is guided on the guide rod. Additionally or alternatively, at most one of the two connecting units is fixed to one end of the guide rod. This means that at least one end of the guide rod can always move relative to the associated connecting unit. Furthermore, the guide rod is designed such that the two connecting units are held on and / or at the guide rod. The connecting units are thus guided on the guide rod and can change their distance from one another, so that the length of the lifting device can also be changed. However, by means of the guide rod, the orientation between the two connecting units always remains fixed. The connecting units are therefore guided on the guide rod like a slide.The guide rod may have a stopper at one end so that the connecting units cannot slip off the guide rod when the locking arrangement secures the traction unit. Such a locking arrangement is similar to a carriage guide.

[0019] It is advantageous if the lifting device has a first connecting element connected to the first connecting unit and / or a second connecting element connected to the second connecting unit. The first and / or second connecting element can be designed, for example, as a chain, a belt, a band, a rod, and / or a rope. The first and / or second connecting element serves to extend the lifting device or to adjust its length.

[0020] Also proposed is a load-handling device for receiving a load, comprising a support means and at least one sling, by means of which the load can be suspended from the support means. The support means can be, for example, a crane, such as a mobile crane, which can be used to transport a component as a load for a structure. However, the loads can also be boilers or reactors for chemical processes, heating boilers, road elements, bridge elements, rotor blades for wind turbines, pipes for pipelines, or containers.

[0021] The lifting device can also be adjusted in length so that the load, for example the component for a building, can be transported to an exact position.

[0022] The load-handling device advantageously has at least two slings. However, the load-handling device can also have three or four slings. This allows the load to be aligned differently, for example, if one sling is changed in length while the other remains the same. This allows the load to be not only precisely positioned but also precisely aligned.

[0023] It is advantageous if the load-handling device has an operating device by means of which at least one traction unit of the lifting device can be operated. The operating device can, for example, comprise a hydraulic pump by means of which a traction unit designed as a hydraulic cylinder can be operated. In this case, the operating device and the traction unit are naturally connected to each other via pressure hoses. Furthermore, the operating device can be attached to the support device so that the distance between the operating device and the traction unit is as short as possible.

[0024] Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. They show: Figure 1 a schematic view of a lifting device with a pulling unit and securing arrangement, Figure 2 a schematic view of a load-handling device with lifting devices, a load and a carrying device and Figure 3a schematic view of a load handling device with an operating device.

[0025] Figure 1 shows a lifting device 1 for suspending a load 2 from a support element 3. Such lifting devices 1 are used, for example, in the construction of a building to transport loads 2, such as ceiling or wall elements, for the building to the intended position. However, the lifting devices 1 can also be used to transport loads such as boilers or reactors for chemical processes, heating boilers, road elements, bridge elements, rotor blades for wind turbines, pipes for pipelines, containers or large engines to the intended position. The support element 3 can, for example, be a crane that transports the load 2 to the desired position. With the help of the lifting device 1, a connection is established between the support element 3 and the load 2.

[0026] To support the load 2, in the present embodiment, the lifting device 1 has a load-carrying device 6, which is designed as a hook. The load-carrying device 6 can also be connected to the lifting device 1, in particular detachably.

[0027] To connect the attachment device 1 to the support means 3, this embodiment shows an eyelet 7, by means of which the attachment device 1 can be suspended from the support means 3, for example. It is, of course, clear that the attachment device 1 is detachably connected to the load 2 and / or to the support means 3, so that the load 2 can be uncoupled at the intended location on the structure. Furthermore, the attachment device 1 can also be uncoupled from the support means 3. For example, the load 2 is secured to the attachment device 1, and the attachment device 1 is secured to the support means 3, using a snap hook or snap fastener.

[0028] Furthermore, the lifting device 1 has a pulling unit 4, which serves to transmit force between the load 2 and the support means 3. The pulling unit 4 thus transfers the force generated by the load 2 to the support means 3. By means of the pulling unit 4, a length La of the lifting device 1 can also be changed. In particular, with the help of the pulling unit 4, the length La of the lifting device 1 can be shortened by the pulling unit 4 itself being able to change its own length Lz. The pulling unit 4 can contract itself, so that it shortens its own length Lz. The length La can also be extended again because the load 2 develops a tensile force due to gravity on the lifting device 1 and thus on the pulling unit 4. The pulling unit 4 can thus be automatically lengthened again by reducing a tensile force generated by the pulling unit 4.The change in the length La of the lifting device 1 is advantageous in order to be able to place the load 2 on the structure with a high degree of accuracy.

[0029] According to the present exemplary embodiment, the pulling unit 4 can be a hydraulic cylinder having a cylinder 8 and a piston rod 9 movably arranged therein. The hydraulic cylinder is operated in a known manner (not shown here) by a hydraulic pump, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic pump by means of a line (not shown here). The hydraulic cylinder is operated in such a way that the piston rod 9 is pulled or pushed into the cylinder 8, so that the lifting device 1 is shortened and the load 2 is lifted. In order to extend the length La again, the hydraulic cylinder is operated at a lower power so that the gravity of the load 2 pulls the piston rod 9 out of the cylinder 8 again.Of course, other actuators are also conceivable as the pulling unit 4, such as pneumatic cylinders or electric drives, which are designed to be able to apply a sufficiently high pulling force, corresponding to the load 2, in order to shorten the lifting device 1.

[0030] In general, the traction unit 4 is thus designed to apply a relatively high tensile force itself in order to be able to shorten the lifting device 1 in order to be able to lift the load 2. However, its design cannot be designed to absorb the weight of the load 2 when the traction unit 4 is out of operation, i.e. when the traction unit 4 itself does not apply any tensile force. In the present example, the Figure 1This means, for example, that the piston rod 9 is pulled completely downward by the load 2, and the cylinder 8 or a housing of the cylinder 8 must absorb the weight of the load 2. Especially with loads 2 of several tons, this can lead to damage and even complete destruction of the traction unit 4, so that even the load 2 can fall down. The traction unit 4 can be put out of operation, for example, if a supply unit, such as the hydraulic pump, is unexpectedly shut down, for example due to a power failure.

[0031] The traction unit 4 can, however, be designed to accommodate the load 2 even when it is out of operation. For example, in a hydraulic cylinder, a check valve can prevent the piston rod 9 from being pulled out of the cylinder 8. The check valve thus prevents the traction unit 4 from being extended. However, this can also be unsafe.

[0032] In order to secure the lifting device 1 or the pulling unit 4, the lifting device 1 has a securing arrangement 5. The securing arrangement 5 is designed to bridge the pulling unit 4 in order to ensure the transmission of force between the load 2 and the support means 3 even if this can no longer be ensured with the aid of the pulling unit 4 due to the mass of the load 2 or a technical defect in the pulling unit 4. If the pulling unit 4 is thus out of service, the securing arrangement 5 takes up the load 2 and transfers the force exerted by the load 2 to the support means 3. With the aid of the securing arrangement 5, the pulling unit 4 can be relieved of load. The securing arrangement 5 prevents the pulling unit 4 from being loaded while it is itself out of service, thus preventing damage to the pulling unit and the load 2 from falling.

[0033] The securing arrangement 5 advantageously has a higher tensile load capacity than the pulling unit 4.

[0034] The securing arrangement 5 advantageously has a length Ls which is designed such that it takes over the force transmission between the load 2 and the support means 3 before a maximum length of the traction unit 4 is reached. If the length Ls of the securing arrangement 5 is exactly as long as the maximum length of the traction unit 4, the securing arrangement 5 secures the traction unit 4 precisely when the traction unit 4 has reached its maximum length. If the length Ls of the securing arrangement 5 is shorter than the maximum length of the traction unit 4, the securing arrangement 5 secures the traction unit 4 before the maximum length of the traction unit 4 is reached. In this case, the traction unit 4 cannot be fully extended, so that the traction unit 4 is protected from damage. In order to secure the lifting device 1 or the traction unit 4, the securing arrangement 5 has a tensile strength which is sufficient to withstand the load from the attached load 2.

[0035] The securing arrangement 5 is further arranged parallel to the traction unit 4, so that the tensile force caused by the load 2 acting on the lifting device 1 acts either on the traction unit 4 (which is the case when the traction unit 4 changes the length La of the lifting device 1) or on the securing arrangement 5. The securing arrangement 5 can also bridge the traction unit 4.

[0036] The securing arrangement 5 here has two securing elements 10, 11. The securing elements 10, 11 can be designed, for example, as chains, ropes, bands, belts, rods, and / or brackets. The securing elements 10, 11 or the securing arrangement 5 can thus be subjected to a tensile force or can absorb the tensile force. As a result, the securing elements 10, 11 can absorb the tensile force acting by the load 2. In contrast, the securing elements 10, 11 or the securing arrangement 5, if they are designed as chains, ropes, bands, belts, and / or brackets, cannot absorb compressive forces. This is advantageous because, as a result, the securing elements 10, 11 or the securing arrangement 5 do not hinder the pulling unit 4 when the latter changes the length La of the lifting device 1, in particular when it shortens it.

[0037] According to the present exemplary embodiment, the lifting device 1 further comprises two connecting units 12, 13. At least one of the two connecting units 12, 13, in particular both, can be designed as a compensating rocker. The pulling unit 4 is arranged between the two connecting units 12, 13 and is connected to both connecting units 12, 13. If the pulling unit 4 changes, in particular shortens, the length La of the lifting device 1, a distance between the two connecting units 12, 13 is changed, in particular shortened. The pulling unit 4 can, for example, be suspended in eyelets (not shown in more detail) of the two connecting units 12, 13, for example using a snap fastener.

[0038] The securing arrangement 5 is also arranged on the two connecting units 12, 13. According to the present embodiment, the two connecting elements 10, 11 are arranged or, for example, suspended on the two connecting units 12, 13. The two connecting units 12, 13 serve as a type of adapter on which the traction unit 4 and the securing arrangement 5 or the securing elements 10, 11 are arranged.

[0039] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the lifting device 1 has at least one, here two, connecting elements 14, 15. The connecting elements 14, 15 are designed as chains, but can also be ropes, straps, belts, and / or stirrups. The connecting elements 14, 15 connect the lifting device 1 to the support means 3 and / or the load 2.

[0040] Figure 2shows a schematic view of a load-carrying device 16 with two attachment means 1a, 1b, a load 2 and a support means 3. Features already described in the previous figure are not explained again here for the sake of simplicity. The functioning of the attachment means 1a, 1b is shown in Figure 1 described.

[0041] The load-handling device 16 comprises the support means 3, which is designed here as a crane. The support means 3 has a travel unit 17, by means of which the load 2 can be moved along the support means 3, thus enabling positioning of the load 2.

[0042] Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, a main connecting element 18 is arranged on the support means 3, on which, in turn, the two attachment means 1a, 1b are arranged. In an alternative embodiment, the attachment means 1a, 1b can also be arranged directly on the support means 3.

[0043] The two attachment devices 1a, 1b are each connected to the load 2 by means of load-carrying devices 6a, 6b. The load 2 is designed here as a beam, but could also be, for example, a wall element or a ceiling element for a building.

[0044] With the help of the two lifting devices 1a, 1b, not only the load 2 can be positioned, but also aligned. The lengths of the two lifting devices 1a, 1b (not shown here) can be changed independently of each other so that the load 2 can be aligned. The load 2 can, for example, be tilted or brought into a horizontal or horizontal orientation. For example, the length of the first lifting device 1a can be shortened so that the load 2 can be aligned with the corresponding end, which according to Figure 2 the left end is raised.

[0045] The load-carrying device 16 can also have three or four lifting means 1, so that a ceiling element, i.e. a flat element, can also be aligned horizontally.

[0046] Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, the two securing elements 10, 11 of the respective lifting means 1a, 1b sag. This means that their length Ls is longer than the current length Lz of the pulling units 4a, 4b. The tensile forces generated by the load 2 act entirely on the pulling units 4a, 4b that are currently in operation, i.e., they themselves exert a tensile force to pull up or align the load 2. If, for example, at least one pulling unit 4a, 4b is completely taken out of operation, the corresponding securing elements 10, 11 tense up, so that they relieve the corresponding pulling unit 4a, 4b, so that the tensile force generated by the load 2 is absorbed by the securing arrangement 5a, 5b. In this case, the force generated by the load 2 is transferred from the securing elements 10, 11 to the support means 3 and no longer from the pulling unit 4a, 4b.

[0047] Figure 3shows a schematic view of the load-handling device 16 with an operating means 19. For the sake of simplicity, only the features that are new compared to the previous figures are provided with a reference symbol and explained in this figure.

[0048] The two traction units 4a, 4b shown here can be operated with the aid of the operating means 19. The operating means 19 can, for example, comprise a hydraulic pump if the traction units 4a, 4b are hydraulic cylinders. The operating means 19 advantageously also comprises an energy unit and a control system, so that the operating means 19 can operate the traction units 4a, 4b essentially autonomously. In the present exemplary embodiment, the operating means 19 is suspended from the support means 3 by means of a chain 21. This keeps the distance between the operating means 19 and the traction units 4a, 4b as small as possible. Instead of the chain 21, a belt, a rope, or another means can of course also be used to suspend the operating means 19 from the support means 3.

[0049] Furthermore, a supply line 20a, 20b is arranged between the operating means 19 and the traction units 4a, 4b. If the traction units 4a, 4b are hydraulic cylinders, the supply lines 20a, 20b are pressure lines connected to the operating means 19, in particular the hydraulic pump. The supply lines 20a, 20b can advantageously each comprise a forward and a return line.

[0050] The present invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments. Modifications within the scope of the claims are possible, as are combinations of features, even if they are illustrated and described in different embodiments, without departing from the scope of the claims. List of reference symbols

[0051] 1Sling 2Load 3Supporting means 4Traction unit 5Securing arrangement 6Load handling device 7Eyelet 8Cylinder 9Piston rod 10First securing element 11Second securing element 12First connecting unit 13Second connecting unit 14First connecting element 15Second connecting element 16Load handling device 17Travel unit 18Main connecting element 19Operating equipment 20Supply line 21Chain LaLength of the sling LsLength of the securing arrangement LzLength of the traction unit

Claims

1. Lifting accessory (1) for attaching a load (2) to a load-bearing means (3), having at least one tensile unit (4) which serves to transmit force between the load (2) and the load-bearing means (3) and by means of which a length (La) of the lifting accessory (1) can be changed in order to position the load (2), wherein the lifting accessory (1) has at least one securing arrangement (5) which is designed to bridge the tensile unit (4) in order to ensure the transmission of force between the load (2) and the load-bearing means (3) even when it can no longer be ensured with the aid of the tensile unit (4) on account of the mass of the load (2) or a technical defect of the tensile unit (4), characterized in that the securing arrangement (5) comprises at least two securing elements (10, 11) which are arranged on both sides of the tension unit (4).

2. Lifting accessory according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the securing arrangement (5) has a length (Ls) such that it takes over the transmission of force between the load (2) and the load-bearing means (3) before a maximum working length of the tensile unit (4) is reached.

3. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensile unit (4) comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a chain winch, a cable winch and / or an electric linear motor.

4. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two securing elements (10, 11) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the tensile unit (4).

5. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tensile force can be applied to the securing elements (10, 11), in particular exclusively.

6. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing elements (10, 11) are designed as a chain, cable, band, belt and / or bow.

7. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing elements (10, 11) are arranged parallel to the tensile unit (4).

8. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting accessory (1) has a first connecting unit (12) and / or a second connecting unit (13), wherein the at least one tensile unit (4) is arranged on the first and / or the second connecting unit (12, 13) of the lifting accessory (1) and is connected to the first and / or the second connecting unit (12, 13), wherein the tensile unit (4) is preferably arranged between the two connecting units (12, 13).

9. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing arrangement (5) is connected to the first and / or the second connecting unit (12, 13).

10. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing elements (10, 11) are designed as a guiding rod, wherein at least one of the two connecting units (12, 13) is guided on the guiding rod and / or in that at most one of the two connecting units (12, 13) is fixed at one end of the guiding rod, and in that the guiding rod is designed in such a way that the two connecting units (12, 13) are held on and / or on the guiding rod.

11. Lifting accessory according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting accessory (1) has a first connecting element (14) which is connected to the first connecting unit (12) and / or a second connecting element (15) which is connected to the second connecting unit (13), wherein the first and / or second connecting element (14, 15) is preferably a chain, a belt, a band and / or a cable.

12. Load-receiving device (16) for receiving a load (2), having a load-bearing means (3) and at least one lifting accessory (1), by means of which the load (2) can be attached to the load-bearing means (3), characterized in that the at least one lifting accessory (1) is designed according to one or more of the preceding claims.

13. Load-receiving device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the load-receiving device (16) has at least two, preferably three or four, lifting accessory (1a, 1b).

14. Load-receiving device according to Claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the load-receiving device (16) has a working means (19), by means of which at least one tensile unit (4) of the lifting accessory (1a, 1b) can be operated, wherein the working means (19) is preferably attached to the load-bearing means (3) or can be attached to the load-bearing means (3).

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