Active mass for a pyrotechnic dummy target burning at high wind speed

Abstract

The invention relates to an active ingredient for a pyrotechnic decoy target that burns at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s and emits spectral infrared radiation, a pyrotechnic decoy target containing this active ingredient, and a use of the active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient comprises an organic first fuel and an oxidizing agent, wherein the first fuel is an aliphatic or heterocyclic compound or an aliphatic or heterocyclic polymer, wherein in the case of the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic polymer there are at most 5 carbon atoms in a row and in the case of the heterocyclic compound or the heterocyclic polymer there are at most 5 carbon atoms directly adjacent in the heterocycle or in the heterocycles, and the active ingredient further comprises a salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid as a second fuel.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an active mass for a pyrotechnic decoy burning at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s and emitting spectral infrared radiation, as well as to a pyrotechnic decoy containing this active mass and to a use of the active mass.

[0002] Active materials for pyrotechnic decoys that emit spectral infrared radiation during combustion emit significantly more energy in the medium-wave wavelength range of 3.7 to 5.1 µm than in the short-wave wavelength range of 1.9 to 2.3 µm. The ratio of the energy of the radiation in the medium-wave range to the energy of the radiation in the short-wave range is also referred to as the spectral ratio.

[0003] Such active compounds are known, for example, from EP 2 698 362 A2. The active compound disclosed therein comprises ammonium perchlorate as an oxidizing agent and at least one nitrate ester and / or a nitrosamine as a fuel. The nitrate ester can be, for example, nitrocellulose. Diethylene glycol dinitrate and an ionic liquid can also be included as additional fuel. Other pyrotechnic active compounds based on nitrocellulose and ammonium perchlorate are known from DE2164437, FR346812, CN111620756, and US2002 / 148540.

[0004] One problem with known decoys is that their performance often decreases significantly at high wind speeds. This can be compensated for by using a larger amount of the active mass. However, this results in the decoy requiring a relatively large caliber, and only a relatively small number of decoys can be transported in the limited cargo space of an aircraft. In addition, the higher turnover of such an active mass per unit of time required to compensate for the low performance also increases the power of the radiation emitted in the shortwave range. Since there are now seekers that respond when a predefined threshold of the emitted radiation power in the shortwave range is exceeded, such active masses are no longer suitable for deceiving such seekers.

[0005] A flare composition containing potassium chlorate, strontium oxalate, and rosin is known from Shidlovskiy, AA, Principles of Pyrotechnics, Maschinostroyeniye Press, 1964, page 184. Such a flare composition is unsuitable as an active material for a pyrotechnic decoy emitting spectral infrared radiation because the radiation emitted during combustion contains a high proportion of blackbody radiation.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an effective mass for a pyrotechnic decoy that burns reliably at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s and emits spectral infrared radiation, which has a relatively high spectral ratio. Furthermore, a pyrotechnic decoy and a use thereof are to be specified.

[0007] The objects are solved by the features of patent claims 1, 11, and 12. Useful embodiments emerge from the features of patent claims 2 to 10.

[0008] According to the invention, an active mass is provided for a pyrotechnic decoy that burns reliably at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s, in particular more than 150 m / s, in particular more than 200 m / s, in particular more than 250 m / s, in particular more than 300 m / s, and thereby emits spectral infrared radiation. Burning at a wind speed of more than 150 m / s is necessary in order to simulate a fast-flying aircraft, for example a fighter jet, with the decoy. Burning should occur reliably even if no means are provided to protect the active mass from high wind speeds. The active mass according to the invention comprises a first fuel and an oxidizer. The first fuel is nitrocellulose.

[0009] According to the invention, the active mass further comprises a salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid as a second fuel, wherein the salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid is an acetate, a propionate, a tartrate, or a citrate. The salt is typically present as a solid. An ionic liquid is not included. The oxidizing agent contained in the active mass can also serve as an oxidizing agent for the second fuel. The active mass according to the invention is relatively highly flammable, requires no wind protection for reliable combustion, and has a relatively high spectral ratio. During combustion, the salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid produces a solid or liquid slag that transfers heat to the burning surface of the active mass, thereby stabilizing combustion even at high wind speeds, so that no wind protection is required.Avoiding more than 5 carbon atoms in a row and the direct proximity of more than 5 carbon atoms in the heterocycle or in the heterocycles prevents or at least reduces the formation of aromatics consisting only of carbon atoms and thus of soot during combustion. Soot formation would result in the emission of undesirable blackbody radiation during combustion. To avoid soot formation and thus blackbody radiation, it is also advantageous if the aliphatic carboxylic acid comprises a maximum of 5 carbon atoms in a row per molecule, i.e. carbon atoms linked to one another by a covalent bond. Soot formation can also be prevented, at least largely, by ensuring that the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic polymer contains only single bonds, in particular between carbon atoms, and / or that the aliphatic carboxylic acid only contains single bonds between carbon atoms.The presence of double or triple bonds increases the probability of soot formation during combustion of the active mass.

[0010] In principle, the active compound according to the invention has a higher density due to the higher density of the salt compared to an active compound containing only the other components of the active compound according to the invention. The higher the density of an active compound, the smaller the volume it occupies in a decoy. This allows for smaller calibers and, when transporting multiple decoys in an aircraft, better utilization of the available cargo space.

[0011] An advantage of the active mass according to the invention is that no high temperature is required to maintain combustion at high wind speeds.

[0012] The inventors also discovered that the slag formation caused by the salt on the burning surface of the active mass allows for a cooler flame, thereby resulting in a higher spectral ratio. A cooler flame typically results in the active mass being heated less by the reflected radiation from the flame, resulting in a slower and less reliable burn, and in particular, being more easily blown out by wind. The inventors discovered that the slag formed by the salt allows for a relatively high heat input to the surface of the active mass, even with a relatively cool flame. This also increases the burn rate and reliability of the burn, even at higher wind speeds, despite the relatively cool flame and the associated high spectral ratio.

[0013] By stabilizing the flame, it is also possible to create a significantly oxygen-deficient active mass, allowing more atmospheric oxygen to serve as an additional oxidant during combustion. This enlarges the flame and increases power without the negative oxygen balance resulting in a sooty flame that emits blackbody radiation. By reducing the amount of oxidant in the active mass by including atmospheric oxygen as an additional oxidant, more gas and more energy can be produced per unit mass of active mass to generate a flame.

[0014] The inventors have also found that the radiation spectrum generated by the active mass according to the invention during combustion resembles the radiation spectrum of an aircraft engine during operation more closely than with previous active masses.

[0015] The salt can be present in the active composition in a proportion of at least 1 wt.%, in particular at least 5 wt.%, in particular at least 10 wt.%, in particular at least 15 wt.%. In one embodiment of the active composition according to the invention, the salt is present therein in a proportion of at most 30 wt.%, in particular at most 25 wt.%. For example, the salt can be present in a proportion of 1 to 30 wt.%, in particular 5 to 30 wt.%, in particular 10 to 25 wt.%, in particular 15 to 25 wt.%.

[0016] The salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid can be, in particular, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, or a salt of a nitrogen-containing base. Alkali metal salts have the advantage that their combustion products bind water and thereby reduce radiation in the shortwave range. This increases the spectral ratio. The cation of the salt of the nitrogen-containing base can be ammonium, guanidinium, or hydrazinium.

[0017] In the case of an alkali metal salt as the second fuel, the alkali metal residue in the flame can react with the hydrochloric acid released from the ammonium perchlorate to form alkali metal chloride. This releases additional heat near the burning surface and further stabilizes the flame without generating radiation in the shortwave range. Furthermore, the concentration of hydrogen chloride in the flame and thus the emission from the hydrogen chloride in the shortwave range are reduced. This increases the spectral ratio. The radiation also emitted by the hydrogen chloride in the medium wave range is relatively weak. A loss of this radiation has only a negligible effect on the performance of the active mass during combustion in the medium wave range. Any alkali metal and ammonium chlorides, as well as alkaline earth metal chlorides, that may be formed during combustion exhibit at most low emissivity in the infrared range.

[0018] They do not generate blackbody radiation in the flame and do not disturb the spectral ratio and the spectral infrared radiation, or at most only negligibly.

[0019] In the case of a salt of a nitrogen-containing base, the slag produced from the salt during combustion is usually liquid. The resulting flame is entirely gaseous and has a high spectral ratio. Liquid slags typically have low emissivity. Therefore, they also do not interfere with the spectral infrared radiation emitted during combustion, or at most, only negligibly.

[0020] The salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid is an acetate, in particular sodium acetate or lithium acetate, a propionate, in particular sodium propionate, a tartrate, in particular potassium hydrogen tartrate or diammonium tartrate, or a citrate, in particular trisodium citrate or triammonium citrate.

[0021] The first fuel is nitrocellulose. The oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate. Hydrogen chloride produced during combustion can generate additional heat when reacting with bases in the flame, thereby increasing the radiation yield in the medium-wave range. This type of active mass has proven to produce particularly low levels of soot during combustion. The resulting spectral ratio is therefore high.

[0022] The active mass may also contain a binder, particularly if none of the other ingredients has a binding effect. Among the other ingredients of the active mass, nitrocellulose, for example, may have a binding effect. The binder may be, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyacetal, polytetrahydrofuran, polyethylene glycol, or polypropylene glycol. These binders have the advantage of producing very little soot during combustion and thus very little blackbody radiation. The active mass may contain dicyandiamide and / or paracyan as additional fuels. Both of these additional fuels increase the performance of the active mass during combustion without producing soot.

[0023] The invention further relates to a pyrotechnic decoy for emitting spectral infrared radiation at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s, in particular more than 150 m / s, in particular more than 200 m / s, in particular more than 250 m / s, in particular more than 300 m / s, wherein the decoy comprises an active mass according to the invention.

[0024] The invention also relates to the use of an active mass according to the invention as an active mass for a pyrotechnic decoy burning at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s, in particular more than 150 m / s, in particular more than 200 m / s, in particular more than 250 m / s, in particular more than 300 m / s, for generating spectral infrared radiation.

[0025] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Examples 4-12 and 15 are inventive, while examples 1-3, 13, and 14 are comparative examples.

[0026] Five tablets of 10 g each were pressed from each of the following active masses. The tablets were burned, and their radiation output was determined using a two-channel radiometer. The active mass MTV listed as Example 1 served as the standard. The radiation output during combustion of the other tablets is expressed as a percentage of the radiation output of MTV. MTV is a blackbody radiator. In the standard test without wind, it exhibited a specific energy of 166 J / (g sr) in the shortwave range (= HF band, corresponding approximately to wavelengths of 2 to 3 µm) and 82 J / (g sr) in the mediumwave range (= MW band, corresponding approximately to wavelengths of 3 to 5 µm).

[0027] The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate (BMIM-ClO 4 ), which is partially used in the active compositions, was prepared as described in EP 2 698 362 A2.

[0028] In the following examples, the meaning of the used

[0029] Abbreviations as follows: TMD = theoretical maximum density (in kg / m 3< ) E KW = specific power in the shortwave band (ie at a wavelength of approximately 2 to 3 µm) in J / (g sr) E MW = specific power in the mediumwave band (ie at a wavelength of approximately 3 to 5 µm) in J / (g sr) Q = E MW / E KW r = linear combustion rate at atmospheric pressure T = theoretical adiabatic reaction temperature without air supply Example 1: (not according to the invention)

[0030] Reference MTV (Magnesium-Teflon-Viton). E KW = 166; E MW = 82; Q = 0.49; r = 2.4 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Magnesium powder LNR 61 60,0 Teflon powder Hoechst TF 9202 23,0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 12,0 TMD = 1893 graphite Merck 5,0 lubricant Example 2: (not according to the invention)

[0031] Known spectral effective mass for further reference. E KW = 2.8; E MW = 23.5; Q = 8.5; r = 2.4 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 63,8 HTPB Sartomer R-45M-HT 12,0 melamine Alfa Aesar, type A 11295 L07464 14,0 iron oxide d 50 = 1 µm 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt, finely ground 0,1 T = 2280 K Example 3: (not according to the invention)

[0032] Well-known porous nitrocellulose as a further reference. Pressed into tablets with a density of 1000 kg / m³ (corresponding to a porosity of approximately 40%). E KW = 4.8; E MW = 116.0; Q = 25.1; r = 1.2 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Nitrocellulose Synthesia E37 100,00 TMD = 1600 Example 4:

[0033] Spectral active mass based on pure paracyan and anhydrous sodium acetate. E KW = 4.5; E MW = 105; Q = 23.5; r = 1.0 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 20,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 43,20 Cerium oxide fine 0,1 T = 2010 K DEGDN self-synthesized 12,40 TMD = 1660 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,20 Paracyan powdered, pure 10,20 Sodium acetate ground, anhydrous 6,8 Iron(III) oxide d 50 = 1 µm 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 Example 5:

[0034] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with lithium acetate. Pure paracyan was mixed with pure lithium acetate in a 60 / 40 ratio. E KW = 4.7; E MW = 99; Q = 21.3; r = 1.1 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 24,80 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 33,70 Cerium oxide fine 0,1 T = 2000 K DEGDN self-synthesized 9,60 TMD = 1633 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 4,80 Paracyan powdered, pure 16,00 Lithium acetate ground, anhydrous 10,8 Iron(III) oxide d 50 = 1 µm 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 Example 6:

[0035] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with sodium acetate. Slow burning. E KW = 2.6; E MW = 82; Q = 31.2; r = 0.3 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 22,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 42,60 Cerium oxide fine 0,1 T = 1830 K DEGDN self-synthesized 12,20 TMD = 1586 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,10 Dicyandiamide crystalline 10,60 Sodium acetate anhydrous, ground 5,30 Iron(III) oxide Riedel-de-Haen 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 Example 7:

[0036] Spectral effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate. E KW = 3.4; E MW = 87.8; Q = 25.6; r = 0.6 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 21,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 45,50 DEGDN self-synthesized 12,90 TMD = 1594 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,5 T = 2010 K Sodium acetate anhydrous, ground 13,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 8:

[0037] Spectral effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate. Approximately the same stoichiometry as in Example 7. E KW = 4.8; E MW = 107; Q = 22.2; r = 1.8 mm / s. The longer carbon chain in sodium propionate increases the energy in the medium-wave range. The burn-off rate is also significantly higher. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 24,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 45,50 DEGDN self-synthesized 12,90 TMD = 1582 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,5 T = 1830 K Sodium propionate anhydrous, ground 10,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 9:

[0038] Spectral effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate. E KW = 4.5; E MW = 106.2; Q = 25.4; r = 1.7 mm / s. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 24,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 45,50 DEGDN self-synthesized 12,80 TMD = 1582 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,50 T = 1830 K Sodium propionate anhydrous, ground 10,00 Water gas catalyst Type HTS 0,20 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN HTS = Fe 3 O 4 Example 10:

[0039] Spectrally active compound based on ammonium perchlorate with potassium hydrogen tartrate. E KW = 3.0; E MW = 72.7; Q = 24.1; r = 1.11 mm / s. Very stable combustion. The combustion rate and spectral ratio are higher than with an acetate-containing compound. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 21,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 39,10 DEGDN self-synthesized 11,20 TMD = 1679 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 5,60 T = 1830 K Potassium hydrogen artrate anhydrous, ground 22,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 11:

[0040] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with trisodium citrate. E KW = 3.9; E MW = 61; Q = 15; r = 1.19 mm / s. Very stable combustion. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 23,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 39,10 DEGDN self-synthesized 11,20 TMD = 1649 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 5,60 T = 1840 K Trisodium citrate anhydrous 20,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 12:

[0041] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with triammonium citrate. E KW = 2.6; E MW = 65; Q = 25; r = 0.46 mm / s. Very stable combustion. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 27,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 39,10 DEGDN self-synthesized 11,20 TMD = 1609 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 5,60 T = 1800 K Triammonium citrate anhydrous 16,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 13: (not according to the invention)

[0042] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with strontium oxalate. E KW = 3.0; E MW = 70.6; Q = 23.5; r = 1.60 to 1.79 mm / s. Very stable combustion. The energy is lower and the spectral ratio is higher than with salts containing a hydrocarbon chain. No soot formation from the first and second fuels is possible. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 22,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 42,60 DEGDN self-synthesized 12,20 TMD = 1673 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 6,10 T = 1830 K Strontium oxalate 0.5 H 2 O 16,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN Example 14: (not according to the invention)

[0043] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with strontium oxalate as the salt fuel. E KW = 2.7; E MW = 62.3; Q = 23.3; r = 1.6 to 2.4 mm / s, ρ = 1549 to 1572, 92.6 to 94.0% TMD. High burn rate. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 23,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 45,30 Polyvinyl nitrate Dynitec 9,75 TMD = 1672 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 9,75 T = 1970 K Strontium oxalate 0.5 H 2 O 11,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II +0,40 in BMIM-ClO 4 Example 15:

[0044] Spectrally effective mass based on ammonium perchlorate with diammonium tartrate. E MW = 64; E KW = 3.1; Q = 21; r = 2.57 mm / s. Very fast burning for a mixture containing ammonium perchlorate, very stable combustion. Material type % by weight Miscellaneous Ammonium perchlorate ground d 50 = 25 µm 21,90 Nitrocellulose Hagedorn H24 12% N <1% H 2 O 45,50 DEGDN self-synthesized 12,90 TMD = 1605 BMIM-ClO 4 Diammonium tartrate self-synthesized anhydrous 6,50 T = 1800 K at 13,00 Iron(III) oxide fine 0,10 Cerium oxide Schuchardt 0,10 Akardit II 0,10 in the DEGDN

[0045] The specific performance data are given in Table 1. E KW = specific power in KW band (approx. 2 to 3 µm) in J / (g sr), E MW = specific power in MW band (approx. 3 to 5 µm) in J / (g sr), (E KW + E MW ) [J / (g sr)] = the sum of the respective powers in the KW and MW bands, E MW / E KW = the ratio of the power in the MW band to the power in the KW band, % MTV = power as a percentage of the standard MTV. Table 1: Radiation measurements in the laboratory without wind. All results are averages from five parallel experiments. The tablet production pressure for all batches was 1500 bar, the tool diameter was 21 mm, and the batch weight was 10.0 g. Sentence E KW [Y / (g sr)] E MW [J / (g sr)] (E KW + E MW ) [J / (g sr)] E MW / E KW % MTV (MW channel) Example 1 166 82 248 0,496 100 Example 2 2,8 23,5 26,3 8,5 29 Example 3 4,8 116,0 120,8 25,1 141 Example 4 4,5 105,0 109,5 23,5 128 Example 5 4,7 99,0 103,7 21,3 121 Example 6 2,6 82 84,6 31,2 100 Example 7 3,4 87,8 91,2 25,6 111 Example 8 4,8 107,0 111,8 22,2 130 Example 9 4,5 106,2 110,7 25,4 135 Example 10 3,0 72,7 75,7 24,1 89 Example 11 3,9 61,0 64,9 15,0 74 Example 12 2,6 65,0 67,6 25,0 79 Example 13 3,0 70,6 73,6 23,5 86 Example 14 2,7 62,3 65,0 23,3 76 Example 15 3,1 64,0 67,1 21,0 78 Table 2: Radiation measurements under dynamic wind tunnel conditions at an air velocity of 65 m / s. All results are averages from two to three parallel tests using 1x1x8" decoys. Sentence E KW [Y / (g sr)] E MW [J / (g sr)] (E KW + E Mw ) [J / (g sr)] E MW / E KW % MTV (MW channel) Example 1 134 62,1 196 0,463 100 Example 2 1,1 9,4 10,5 8,6 15 Example 3 1,4 13,5 14,8 10,1 22 Example 14 3,2 28,9 32,1 9,1 47 Table 3: Radiation measurements under dynamic wind tunnel conditions at an air velocity of 110 m / s. All results are averages of two to three parallel tests using 1x1x8" decoys. Sentence E KW [Y / (g sr)] E MW [J / (g sr)] (E KW + E Mw ) [J / (g sr)] E MW / E KW % MTV (MW channel) Example 1 124 51,7 175,7 0,416 100 Example 2 1,05 8,32 9,37 7,9 16 Example 3 0,94 10,8 11,7 11,4 21 Example 14 2,0 23,5 25,5 11,8 45 Table 4: Radiation measurements under dynamic wind tunnel conditions at an air velocity of 180 m / s. All results are averages from two to three parallel tests using 1x1x8" decoys. The nitrocellulose in Example 3 is extinguished at this wind speed, which is why no measurements were recorded in the shortwave band, and only the firing signal provided a signal in the mediumwave band. Sentence E KW [Y / (g sr)] E MW [J / (g sr)] (E KW + E MW ) [J / (g sr)] E MW / E KW % MTV (MW channel) Example 1 62,6 23,6 86,2 0,378 100 Example 2 0,31 3,18 3,49 10,3 13 Example 3 - 0,52 - - 2 Example 14 1,5 13,2 14,7 11,2 56

[0046] In addition to the first fuel, the oxidizing agent, and the salt, the exemplary embodiments contain other substances, none of which are fundamentally necessary for the function of the active compound. Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) is a liquid, volatile plasticizer to improve the processing of nitrocellulose. Instead of DEGDN, polyvinyl nitrate can also be used as a solid, non-volatile plasticizer. Although this has more than 6 C atoms in a row, it does not produce soot during combustion due to the nitrate groups it contains. The ionic liquid BMIM-ClO 4 serves as a flame spreader but is not required. Akardit II is a stabilizer for nitrocellulose, which increases the shelf life of the nitrocellulose and reduces its self-ignition. Cerium oxide promotes the water gas shift reaction, just like HTS (Fe 3 O 4 ), and thus stabilizes the flame in wind, but is also not required.Iron(III) oxide serves as a combustion catalyst for ammonium perchlorate only to accelerate its combustion.

[0047] All active ingredient tablets were coated all around with a nitrocellulose lacquer to prevent burning on the cylindrical surface of the tablet and thus enable the linear burning rate to be determined. This had only a minimal and barely measurable impact on the measurement results.

Claims

1. Active composition for a pyrotechnic decoy target that burns at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s while emitting spectral infrared radiation, where the active composition comprises an organic first fuel and an oxidizing agent, characterized in that the first fuel is nitrocellulose and the oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate, and the active composition further comprises a salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid as second fuel, where the salt of the aliphatic carboxylic acid is an acetate, a propionate, a tartrate or a citrate.

2. Active composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid comprises not more than 5 carbon atoms in a row per molecule.

3. Active composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in the aliphatic carboxylic acid.

4. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the salt is present in the active composition with a proportion of at least 1% by weight, especially at least 5% by weight.

5. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the salt is present in the active composition with a proportion of at most 30% by weight, especially at most 25% by weight.

6. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the salt is an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt or a salt of a nitrogen-containing base.

7. Active composition according to Claim 6, characterized in that a cation of the salt of the nitrogen-containing base is ammonium, guanidinium or hydrazinium.

8. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acetate is sodium acetate or lithium acetate, the propionate is sodium propionate, the tartrate is potassium hydrogen tartrate or diammonium tartrate, and the citrate is trisodium citrate or triammonium citrate.

9. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active composition comprises a binder, especially polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyacetal, polytetrahydrofuran, polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.

10. Active composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active composition comprises dicyandiamide and / or paracyanogen as a further fuel.

11. Pyrotechnic decoy target for emission of spectral infrared radiation at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s, characterized in that the decoy target comprises an active composition according to any of the preceding claims.

12. Use of the active composition according to any of Claims 1 to 10 as active composition for a pyrotechnic decoy target that burns at a wind speed of more than 100 m / s for generation of spectral infrared radiation.

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