Breechblock and weapon system with the breechblock

Abstract

In order to achieve a reduction or even an elimination of the forces acting on a breechblock drive when unlocking the breechblock (100) and removing a cartridge casing, a breechblock (100) of a weapon system is proposed which is formed at least by a breechblock carrier (1) and a breechblock head (7) and the breechblock carrier (1) supports the breechblock head (2). According to the invention, the breechblock carrier (1) and the breechblock head (2) can be mechanically separated from one another. This separability is achieved with a control sleeve (8) inserted in the breechblock carrier (1), which has at least one control cam (34). In addition, the breechblock head (2) also comprises a control bolt (3) which engages in the control cam (34) of the control sleeve (8) and can be guided in same. In this way, it is achieved that the forces cannot act on the breechblock drive with the recoil of the weapon.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for unlocking the breech of a machine gun or machine cannon, in particular an externally powered machine gun. The invention also relates to a method for subsequently extracting a cartridge case from a barrel of the machine gun or machine cannon.

[0002] Self-propelled or externally powered machine guns are well known. In such weapon systems, a cartridge is presented to a breechblock, and with the aid of the breechblock's transport, i.e., the breechblock movement, the cartridge is transported into a gun barrel or into a cartridge chamber within the gun barrel. The breechblock movement includes idle times during which the breechblock may not be moved. The locking between the breechblock and the gun barrel is achieved using well-known locking systems, such as block breechblocks, wedge breechblocks, rotary lug breechblocks, etc.

[0003] DE 139 766 C discloses an automatic weapon with a bolt housing and a bolt head. A bolt cylinder, which supports the bolt head, is inserted into the bolt housing. The bolt head has control cams into which the bolt cylinder's rails engage and guide it.

[0004] A rotary lug bolt and a weapon with a rotary lug bolt are known from DE 10 2010 009 427 B4. The rotary lug bolt has a bolt carrier and a bolt head mounted therein with multiple locking lugs. The rotary lug bolt is designed such that the unlocking, during which the cartridge case is released from a cartridge chamber in the weapon barrel, is not controlled exclusively by the relative movement between the bolt head and the bolt carrier. For this purpose, a control cam section is formed in the locking piece, which interacts with a correspondingly designed control section in the bolt head. During unlocking, the rotary movement of the bolt head is converted into a screwing movement relative to the locking piece. This screwing movement guides the bolt head screwing out of the locking head. The same control cams and control cam sections also take over the locking of the bolt.

[0005] DE 10 2009 058 551 B4 discloses another rotary lock. A tongue-and-groove interlocking mechanism secures a rotary lock cylinder to the bolt carrier in the unlocked position. A guide shell of the bolt carrier can thus be reduced to the extent that it only secures the rotary lock cylinder against tipping out of its functional axis.

[0006] A locking system for a remotely and / or self-propelled weapon with a block breech is described in DE 10 2009 011 939 B4. When the recoiling mass of the weapon recoils, the block breech is released via control cams on the bolt carrier to unlock it, and re-locked when the weapon recoils.

[0007] EP 2 018 509 B1 discloses a functional control system, particularly for the linear feeding of ammunition into a weapon barrel. The externally powered weapon comprises a locking ring with lugs, which is preferably located on the weapon barrel and overlaps the barrel, as well as lugs on a bolt head. When the bolt head rests against the weapon barrel, the protruding locking ring is rotated, whereby the lugs of the locking ring are moved behind the lugs of the bolt head and the bolt is locked. The locking ring is rotated by a bolt guided in a control cam. Unlocking occurs by reversing the movement of the bolt in the control cam. The downtimes required for the weapon are achieved here by the interacting control link and the drive link.

[0008] DE 196 16 397 A1 discloses a self-loading handgun with a bolt carrier that is, in particular, non-rotatable and movable in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the weapon, and a bolt head whose rear part is mounted in the bolt carrier so that it can rotate about a longitudinal direction for locking and unlocking. The bolt head has a control bolt extending transversely to the longitudinal direction at its rear, which engages a control link extending diagonally to the longitudinal direction and defined by a first and a second side flank. In the locked state, the bolt carrier is in its forwardmost position, and the control bolt rests against the rear end of the control link. When fired, the bolt carrier is moved, and the bolt head is rotated by the control bolt and the link in the bolt carrier. The bolt head is unlocked.When the control pin hits the front end, the unlocking rotation of the bolt head during weapon operation is complete. The bolt head is driven rearward by the bolt carrier as the control pin engages the front end of the control link for further weapon operation.

[0009] US Pat. No. 7,721,639 82 discloses a locked machine gun. The bolt has a bolt head and a bolt carrier. The bolt carrier is configured for linear movement along the central axis. The bolt head follows this movement during weapon function, but rotates around the central axis in the final phase of its forward movement. The bolt head has a pin or sliding block that is inserted perpendicular to the central axis in the bolt head and passes through a sliding block. When fired, the bolt carrier retracts without first rotating the bolt head.

[0010] During the weapon's recoil, particularly with externally powered weapons, a mechanical or functional separation of the drive (bolt drive) and the bolt may occur. The bolt is then separated from the weapon or bolt drive during its idle times and is locked at the moment the shot is fired, while the drive can continue to run (see, for example, DE 10 2015 121 771 A1 and DE 10 2008 060 217 A1). For the actual weapon function, the drive is then mechanically connected to the bolt, which is transported by the drive from the firing position to a loading position and back.

[0011] However, such systems, especially externally driven systems, and in particular chain drives, have the problem that when unlocking the bolt and extracting the empty cartridge case, large forces act on the drive, such as a chain, and the extraction forces must be applied by the drive (bolt drive) or by the chain.

[0012] The invention therefore aims to avoid this problem.

[0013] The problem is solved by the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the subclaims.

[0014] The invention is based on the idea of ​​minimizing the forces acting on the bolt drive when unlocking the bolt and extracting a cartridge case.

[0015] According to the invention, these tasks of the bolt drive are transferred to the bolt and the weapon barrel. The bolt and weapon barrel take over the unlocking and extraction of the cartridge case themselves, independently of the bolt drive. This reduces or even eliminates the forces that would otherwise act on the bolt drive, namely the external drive (e.g., chain), when unlocking the bolt and extracting the cartridge case.

[0016] In implementing the idea, the recoil of a weapon (weapon recoil) after the shot is used to unlock the bolt from the weapon barrel and to extract the cartridge case, i.e., the recoil and thus the returning masses of the weapon are used to unlock and extract the cartridge case.

[0017] As is well known, recoil is initiated when a shot is fired, whereby the recoiling masses of the weapon, usually the barrel and bolt, are accelerated in the opposite direction of the firing direction. This behavior is also referred to as weapon recoil. During recoil, part of the recoil energy is stored in the recoil springs of a recoil device or similar device. This energy is used to move the recoiling masses forward again if they are in the forward motion. Exploiting this fact creates a new approach to circumvent the deficiencies and problems inherent in external drives.

[0018] In the present case, it is now provided that the unlocking of the bolt and the extraction of the cartridge case take place during the forward movement of the recoiling mass following the recoil. According to the invention, the unlocking of the bolt and the at least initial extraction of the cartridge case take place during the forward movement of the recoiling masses.

[0019] A machine gun with a firing control is known from DE 37 12 905 A1. The bolt consists of an upper bolt section and a slide, each of which is arranged separately within the weapon housing for longitudinal movement and can be positively coupled to one another via connecting means. In the event of a cartridge malfunction, the decoupled upper bolt section remains in the locked position, while all other weapon functions or movements are not slowed down but continue, and the slide is driven by the drive, without the upper bolt section. A gas pressure-controlled decoupling of the upper bolt section from the slide is provided.

[0020] The present bolt comprises at least one bolt carrier and a bolt head carried by the latter. A firing pin can preferably be integrated into the bolt head. According to the invention, a mechanical separation of the bolt head and bolt carrier occurs during the weapon's recoil. At the time and during the recoil of the recoiling masses, there is thus no fixed mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier. The bolt head is detached from the bolt carrier and can move relative to the bolt carrier both in and against the direction of fire.

[0021] Typically, the gun barrel has a bolt sleeve that locks the bolt or bolt head to the gun barrel. The locking mechanism is achieved by the bolt sleeve, which is usually connected to the gun barrel and, if necessary, to a recoil damper.

[0022] According to the invention, once the shot has been fired and the recoil begins, the bolt head and the weapon barrel locked to the bolt head move backward as returning masses of the weapon system. During this backward movement, the bolt head is mechanically separated from the bolt carrier. When the forward movement of the returning masses begins, the bolt head is first unlocked from the weapon barrel or chamber, and the cartridge case, which is hooked to the bolt head, is partially pulled out of the weapon barrel via the weapon barrel which continues to move forward. This means that only when the returning masses move forward to unlock the bolt and extract the cartridge case, is a firm mechanical connection established between the bolt head and the bolt carrier in the direction of fire.

[0023] For the actual weapon function, the bolt carrier and bolt head are mechanically connected. This allows the bolt carrier and bolt head to be moved along with the actual weapon function until the case ejection and loading positions are reached.

[0024] An external drive is provided for the bolt drive. This moves the bolt into a loading position and vice versa into a firing position. In these positions, the bolt is positioned in the weapon system or in the weapon.

[0025] A possible integration of the bolt and bolt drive into a weapon system is shown in the applicant's parallel application, to which reference is hereby made. In this case, the bolt drive can also be housed in a housing, which may be part of a weapon casing. Preferably, guides or round rods are integrated along the entire length of the casing. These engage in longitudinal bores in the bolt carrier. The guide serves to support and stabilize the bolt during transport within the actual weapon function.

[0026] To implement the concept in practice, a control sleeve with a control cam is inserted into the bolt carrier of the inventive bolt. The bolt head can have a bolt that can engage and be guided in this control cam. The control sleeve holds the bolt head via the bolt. A slide allows the mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier to be released upon a backward movement of the recoiling masses.

[0027] As the recoiling masses advance to unlock the bolt and extract the cartridge case, a fixed mechanical connection is established between the control sleeve and the bolt carrier in the direction of fire. The bolt head is caught by the control sleeve during the forward movement of the recoiling masses, creating a mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier. This can be achieved by locking the control sleeve and / or locking the bolt head's ability to rotate.

[0028] The control sleeve is equipped with a detent. This detent is preferably attached to the side of the control sleeve, for example, in the form of a rack. A locking slide mounted on the bolt carrier engages this detent. The locking slide is ineffective when the weapon recoils, as this is automatically deactivated. When the recoiling masses advance, the locking slide blocks the control sleeve and catches the bolt head.

[0029] The bolt head advances further along the cam of the control sleeve and rotates within it. This releases the locking mechanism between the bolt head and the weapon barrel or chamber. The bolt head is held in place by the cam of the control sleeve, trapping it.

[0030] The gun barrel advances further in the direction of fire, so that a cartridge case hanging on the bolt head is at least partially pulled out of the gun barrel.

[0031] When the bolt is returned during the actual firing operation, the locking connection between the control sleeve and the bolt carrier is released. The bolt head, together with the firing pin, can be retracted into a loading and feeding position. In this position, the control sleeve is held in its forward end position by a locking slide.

[0032] The firing pin is preferably cocked only when the bolt is locked in the actual weapon function.

[0033] The present proposal is for a weapon system in which the bolt is formed by at least one bolt carrier and one bolt head, and the bolt carrier carries the bolt head. In order to reduce or even eliminate the forces acting on the bolt drive when unlocking the bolt and ejecting a cartridge case, the bolt carrier and the bolt head are mechanically separable from one another when the returning masses recoil. This measure ensures that the forces acting on the bolt drive during the weapon's recoil do not act on the bolt drive. At the end of the advance travel of the returning masses, the bolt carrier and the bolt head are mechanically connectable to one another.

[0034] If the recoil fails due to a misfire, the device no longer interferes with the actual function of the weapon.

[0035] The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and drawing. It shows: Fig. 1 a closure according to the invention in a side view, Fig. 2 a sectional view AA from Fig. 1 Fig. 3 a representation of the closure in a view from below, Fig. 4 a sectional view B-8 of the closure from Fig. 3 , Fig. 5 a page display according to Fig. 3 , Fig. 6 a sectional view CC from Fig. 5 , Fig. 7 a perspective view of the bolt without bolt carrier, Fig. 8 another perspective view of the bolt without bolt carrier.

[0036] In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A bolt 100 of a weapon system (not shown in detail) is shown. The bolt 100 consists of at least a bolt carrier 1 and a bolt head 2. The bolt head 2 is carried by the bolt carrier 1. A control bolt is designated by 3. This bolt is attached to the bolt head 2.

[0037] A firing pin 4 can be integrated into the bolt head 2. A sleeve 5 is inserted into the bolt head 2. This sleeve 5 guides the firing pin 4. At least one roll pin 26 fixes the sleeve 5 in the bolt head 2. Preferably, at least two roll pins 26 can be installed.

[0038] 6 denotes a slide, 7 a ring, and 27 a pin. The firing pin 4 can be tensioned by means of the slide 6, the ring 7, the pin 27, and a compression spring 21 when locking the bolt 100 ( Fig. 2 , Fig.5). The slide 6, ring 7, pin 27 and compression spring 21 are integrated into the bolt head 2, at the end as seen in the firing direction.

[0039] 8 denotes a control sleeve that can be inserted into the bolt carrier 1. The control sleeve 8 has at least one control cam 34, in which the control bolt 3 of the bolt head 2 can be guided. This control sleeve 8 holds the bolt head 2 via the control bolt 3.

[0040] Two control cams 34 are preferred. These control cams 34 are provided on both sides of the control sleeve 8. The control pin 3 can engage with the two control cams 34. This measure enables a symmetrical arrangement or design. Furthermore, this design allows the control pin 3 of the bolt head 2 to be held loosely on the firing pin 4 in a bore 38 leading through the bolt head 2.

[0041] Fig. 3shows the bolt carrier 1 in a view from below. A release lever 12 can be attached to the bolt carrier 1 by means of a disk 13 and a screw 14. The release lever 12 can be displaceably mounted by the disk 13 and the screw 14. This has the advantage that, for example, small manufacturing tolerances of the components involved can be compensated. The release lever 12 interacts functionally with a first slide 9.

[0042] Fig. 4 shows a sectional view BB from Fig. 3 . Shown here are a locking pin 15, a clamping pin 28 and a spring 31. This spring 31 is preferably designed as a compression spring.

[0043] The locking pin 15, the clamping pin 28 and the spring 31 are housed in the ring 7. The clamping pin 28 limits the travel of the locking pin 15. The compression spring 31 holds the locking pin 15 in the rest position. A locking slide 10 ( Fig. 1 ) corresponds to the locking pin 15.

[0044] Fig. 6 is a sectional view CC from Fig. 5 The control sleeve 8 is provided with a detent 35. This is preferably integrated laterally. The first slide 9 can engage on or in this detent 35 ( Fig. 8 ). For this purpose, the slide 9 is preferably designed as a locking slide.

[0045] Fig. 7 and 8 show the bolt 100 without the bolt carrier 1 in a side perspective view. A mechanical stop is designated by 33. This is preferably designed as a spring stop with a spring 36 and is supported on the bolt carrier 1.

[0046] The mode of operation is as follows: The bolt 100 is moved via its bolt carrier 1 by a bolt drive (not shown in detail), for example an external drive such as a chain drive, in a known manner in the actual weapon function from a firing position to a forward position and vice versa.

[0047] During the idle times of the bolt 100, the drive continues to run within a groove 11 located beneath the bolt carrier 1. During its idle times, the bolt 100 is mechanically separated from the drive and remains in the weapon system.

[0048] At the time of firing, the bolt 100 is locked to a weapon barrel (not shown in detail), i.e., mechanically connected to it. The weapon barrel typically has a chamber sleeve. The bolt head 2 of the bolt 100 is then locked to the chamber sleeve of the weapon barrel.

[0049] Once the shot has been fired, the bolt head 2, the chamber, the weapon barrel, and, if present, a recoil damper, move relative to the bolt carrier 1 in the opposite direction to the firing direction. At this point, the bolt carrier 1 and the bolt head 2 can be mechanically separated from each other. The bolt carrier 1 itself is not part of the recoiling mass.

[0050] During the recoil of the bolt head 2, i.e., during recoil and the recoil of the returning masses, the slide 9 is ineffective. During the recoil, the slide 9 is actuated.

[0051] After the weapon recoil is reversed, i.e. when the returning masses advance, the slide 9 blocks the control sleeve 8 via the detent 35. The bolt head 2 with the chamber sleeve or weapon barrel advances further forward. The bolt head 2 rotates via the control pin 3 within the control cam(s) 34. The locking between the bolt 100 or the bolt head 2 and the chamber sleeve or weapon barrel is released, and the bolt 100 is unlocked from the weapon barrel. The bolt head 2 is held in place by the control cam 34 of the control sleeve 8 via the control pin 3, and is caught therein. This creates a mechanical connection between the bolt head 2 and the bolt carrier 1.

[0052] As the recoiling masses continue to advance, the chamber and the barrel are moved forward until they reach their starting position. This advance also partially extracts a cartridge case (not shown in detail) from the chamber or barrel, which is suspended from an extractor 17 on the bolt head 2.

[0053] The bolt carrier 1 and bolt head 2 are moved together into a rear position in the weapon function via a bolt drive (not shown in detail), in which a new cartridge is presented to the bolt 100.

[0054] To assist in moving the bolt 100 during the actual weapon function, the bolt carrier 1 provides at least one guide bore 37. This interacts with a guide of the weapon or weapon system (not shown in detail).

[0055] During the recoil or transport of the bolt 100, the release lever 12 moves into its final position on a cam on the weapon side (not shown in detail) as part of the actual weapon function. The release lever 12 actuates the slide 9, thereby releasing the control sleeve 8. In the loading position, the slide 9 is disengaged.

[0056] The ring 7 and the bolt head 2 are then pushed back against the spring 36 of the stop 33, i.e., against a resistance, into their forward end position during the loading and feeding function of the actual weapon function. This can be achieved by a buffer (not shown in detail) on the weapon housing.

[0057] When the bolt 100 advances in the actual weapon function, the slide 10 blocks the control sleeve 8 and corresponds to the locking pin 15. The locking pin 15 blocks the rotation of the bolt head 2. The locking slide 10 can be pressed into its rest position by a spring 30 and a locking plate 16. The locking plate 16 can be attached to the bolt carrier 1, for example, using round-head screws 25.

[0058] As the weapon recoils, the cycle begins again.

[0059] The weapon system can fire both targeted single shots and continuous fire. Reference symbol

[0060] 1 Bolt carrier 100 closure 2 Bolt head 3 control bolt 4 firing pin 5 sleeve 6 slider 7 ring 8 control sleeve 9 locking slide 10 gate valve 11 Nut 12 release lever 13 disc 14 screw 15 locking pin 16 Locking plate 17 pull-out edge 21 spring; compression spring (tension bolt) 25 screw 26 roll pin 27 cylindrical pin 28 roll pin 30 Feather 31 Feather 33 Spring stop of the control sleeve (with compression springs and guide pins) 34 Control curve 35 Detent (e.g. rack) 36 Feather 37 Guide hole 38 Drilling by firing pin

Claims

1. Weapon system having a breechblock (100), wherein the breechblock (100) is formed at least by a breechblock carrier (1) and a breechblock head (7), wherein the breechblock carrier carries the breechblock head (2), and wherein the breechblock carrier (1) and the breechblock head (2) are mechanically separable from one another, with a control sleeve (8) inserted in the breechblock carrier (1), having at least one control cam (34), and a control bolt (3) on the breechblock head (2), wherein the control bolt (3) engages in the control cam (34) of the control sleeve (8) in such a way that the control bolt (3) can be guided therein, wherein the control sleeve (8) is provided with a detent (35), wherein the weapon system is an externally driven weapon and wherein a detent slide (9) attached to the breechblock carrier engages the detent (35), wherein the detent slide (9) blocks the control sleeve (8) via the detent (35) when the returning masses advance, and wherein the detent slide (9) is released during the externally driven return transport of the breechblock (100).

2. Weapon system according to claim 1, characterized by control cams (34) inserted into the control sleeve (8) on both sides.

3. Weapon system according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detent (35) is attached to the side of the control sleeve (8).

4. Weapon system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a release lever (12) is attached below the breechblock carrier (1) and is designed to functionally interact with the detent slide (9).

5. Weapon system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a firing pin (4) can be integrated into the breechblock head (2).

6. Weapon system according to claim 5, characterized in that the firing pin (4) is received in a sleeve (5) inserted in the breechblock head (2).

7. Weapon system according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one clamping pin (26) is provided which is designed such that it fixes the sleeve (5) in the breechblock head (2).

8. Weapon system according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a cocking slide (6), a ring (7), a pin (27) and a spring (21) for cocking the firing pin (4) are integrated at the end of the breechblock head (2).

9. Method for unlocking a breechblock (100) from a weapon barrel (101) of a weapon system according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that unlocking occurs when the returning masses advance.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the advance of the returning masses is used to release a cartridge case from the weapon barrel (101).

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