Ramp for a sheet element

Abstract

A ramp (10) comprises a ramp element (1) and optionally a retaining element (2), wherein the ramp element has an edge (3) having a first height and a step (4) having a second height. The first height is less than the second height, with a bearing surface (5) extending between the edge (3) and the step (4), forming the underside of the ramp element (1), and with an inclined surface (6) extending between the edge (3) and the step (4), forming the top side of the ramp element (1). The retaining element (2) contains at least one cavity (25) for receiving a magnetic element, or the ramp element contains at least one through-hole (45) for receiving an anchor element, wherein the through-hole (45) is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis (46) oriented at an angle in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees inclusive with respect to the inclined surface (6).

Description

[0001] The subject of the invention is a ramp for a plate element, for example a steel plate, which can be used to cover pits, for example construction pits or excavation areas, on traffic routes.

[0002] According to common practice, steel plates are placed on top of the pit to cover it. To prevent the steel plate from shifting when vehicles drive over it, the steel plate is secured at the edges with asphalt to form a ramp. It has been found that this fastening often has to be replaced, as the asphalt can become brittle and loses its holding function. After construction is completed, the asphalt must be disposed of, which means there is work to secure the steel plate, possibly repair and maintenance work, and after construction is completed, dismantling and disposal of the asphalt is necessary. Therefore, ideas have been developed to reduce this work.For example, US 20020184718 A1 discloses a reusable ramp that is attached to the edges of the steel plate and allows vehicles to drive smoothly over the ramp and the adjoining steel plate, largely without the introduction of an abrupt impact force. The ramp has a shoulder element, which is designed as a groove into which the steel plate can be inserted. The groove base is selected to match the thickness of the steel plate, and the boundary of the groove is formed by a projection that is elastically prestressed, so that the projection can exert a compressive force on the steel plate and thus the steel plate is held fixed in the ramp. With this solution, the above-mentioned effort for creating and removing such a cover is eliminated. However, due to its exact fit, this ramp is only suitable for steel plates of a certain thickness.For steel plates of different thicknesses, ramps with different groove dimensions must be kept in stock. The ramps are positioned so that the groove extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of travel. This means that the ramp extends essentially across the width of the roadway. In the event of precipitation, this can happen that rainwater accumulates in front of or behind a ramp. This rainwater cannot drain away because the weight of the steel plate forces the ramp to rest tightly on the road surface. The ramp according to CH711063 B2 does offer an improvement, as a projection is no longer required. However, the holding element has a surface that is essentially parallel to the ground, so that a film of water can still form, at least on the holding element.Particularly if, over a longer period of use, the retaining element is subjected to greater loads near the step than in the area of ​​the edge opposite the step, dents can form, in which water can accumulate. Another ramp of this type is disclosed in WO2017 / 009639 A1. A multi-part ramp is disclosed in WO01 / 02667 A1, where the partial elements of the ramp can be connected using plug-in elements or dowels.

[0003] An improved ramp, which has increased grip even in rain or snowfall, is known from EP3666978 A1.

[0004] When large-area slab elements are required, multiple ramps are usually required. These ramps are connected to the slab elements on site. A disadvantage has proven to be that aligning the ramps relative to the slab elements can be time-consuming.

[0005] It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the ramp in such a way that it can be easily and quickly aligned in the correct position relative to the plate element. In addition, the ramp should remain connected to the plate element if the plate element has to be moved. From document JP 2009 293287 A it is known to connect a bar made of magnetic material to the ramp element by means of screws. The bar made of magnetic material rests against one side edge of the plate element. This solution therefore requires a high proportion of magnetic material. In addition, in the event of unevenness, the magnetic material can at least partially lose contact with the plate element, so that the ramp element can slip relative to the plate element if the magnetic force is too weak.Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a more reliable connection between the ramp element and the plate element.

[0006] This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments result from the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0007] When the term "for example" is used in the following description, this term refers to exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a more preferred application of the teachings of the invention. Similarly, the terms "preferably" and "preferably" are to be understood as referring to one example from a set of exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a preferred application of the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the terms "for example," "preferably," or "preferably" can refer to a plurality of exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments.

[0008] The following detailed description contains various embodiments of the ramp according to the invention. The description of a specific ramp is to be considered only as an example. In the description and claims, the terms "include," "comprise," and "have" are interpreted as "including, but not limited to."

[0009] A ramp comprises a ramp element and a holding element. The ramp element has an edge with a first height and a step with a second height. The first height is less than the second height. A support surface which forms the underside of the ramp element extends between the edge and the step, and an inclined surface which forms the top side of the ramp element extends between the edge and the step. The holding element has a top side and a bottom side. The holding element is connected to the step. The height between the top side of the holding element and the underside of the holding element is less than the height of the step. The height is understood to mean the dimension in a direction which extends at a right angle to the support surface, that is to say in particular at a right angle, in other words normal, to the underside of the ramp element and to the underside of the holding element.The height is therefore measured from the support surface in the normal direction to this support surface. The holding element contains at least one hollow space for receiving a magnetic element. When installed, the holding element therefore contains the hollow space and the magnetic element which is received in the hollow space. According to the invention, when installed, the plate element rests on the holding element and is in contact with the shoulder. The holding element creates a flat support surface for the plate element so that the plate element lies flat on the holding element. The magnetic element(s) located in the holding element enable defined force transmission. Thanks to its elastic properties, the holding element can also compensate for any unevenness in the substrate, ensuring that the plate element rests flat on the holding element even if the substrate is uneven.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the cavity contains a shoulder. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for a magnetic element that contains a magnetic element shoulder. Such a magnetic element can be securely held in the holding element by means of the shoulder and cannot be lost even when using a magnet with a high field strength. In particular, the cavity comprises a first section and a second section. In particular, the first section has a first cross-sectional area and the second section has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area. The magnetic element cannot therefore be pulled out of the cavity even when strong magnetic forces are applied, and a secure connection to the plate element can be maintained even when subjected to shear forces; in particular, the ramp cannot slip relative to the plate element.Advantageously, at least one of the first or second sections is cylindrical. This variant allows the use of magnetic elements with standard dimensions.

[0011] According to one embodiment, a fastening element is arranged in the second section. The use of a fastening element is advantageous for removing the magnetic element at a later time, for example, to simplify the separation of the various materials for recycling purposes.

[0012] In particular, the fastening element has an oversize with respect to the second section. The fastening element is thus held in the second section by means of a clamping effect. According to one embodiment, the fastening element contains a material that has greater dimensional stability than the material of the ramp. According to one embodiment, the fastening element contains a material that has greater elasticity than the material of the ramp.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the fastening element contains a through-hole that contains a stop for receiving a magnetic element shoulder of the magnetic element. Thus, according to this embodiment, the magnetic element can be accommodated in the fastening element and attached to the hollow space with the fastening element. This variant enables particularly simple and quick installation of the magnetic element. The magnetic elements can also be used only when needed. It is also possible to retrofit ramps with existing hollow spaces with corresponding magnetic elements.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the cavity contains an adhesive layer. According to this embodiment, the magnetic element is secured in the cavity by means of an adhesive bond. This variant is particularly suitable for ramps used for small-sized plate elements that are not subject to significant stress, especially during use, such as temporary pedestrian crossings.

[0015] According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the retaining elements or ramp elements contains at least one connecting bore for receiving a connecting element. A connecting element can advantageously be used when multiple ramps are provided for a large-area panel element. In particular, the connecting bore can be arranged in the ramp element, wherein the connecting bore is arranged at a distance from the shoulder that is less than one-third of the distance between the shoulder and the edge. In this area, a particularly stable connection is possible, since the ramp element has a maximum or almost maximum wall thickness in this area.

[0016] Thus, in particular, a ramp arrangement comprising at least a first ramp and a second ramp according to one of the preceding embodiments can be provided, wherein a connecting element is provided for connecting the first ramp to the second ramp. According to one embodiment, the connecting element has a profile so that the connecting element can be held captively in the connecting bore.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the ramp contains an elastomer. In particular, the ramp contains a first elastomer and a second elastomer, which is described in detail in EP 3666978 A1. A ramp according to EP 3666978 A1 is particularly well suited for improving slip resistance in wet conditions and simplifying installation in wet conditions. The use of two elastomers not only increases the shock-absorbing properties of the ramp, but also enables its safe use in all weather conditions, especially in wet conditions.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the proportion of the first elastomer is 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%. According to one embodiment, the proportion of the second elastomer is 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%. In particular, if the proportion of the first elastomer is greater than the proportion of the second elastomer, the properties of the first elastomer can contribute to improving the grip of the ramp surface.

[0019] According to one example, the proportion of volatile substances is a maximum of 7% by weight. This low proportion of volatile substances allows the ramp to be used safely even in enclosed spaces, such as halls, parking garages, and the like. Even under high heat exposure, the proportion of volatile substances that can evaporate is low, so the ramp can be used safely even in enclosed spaces.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the filler content is between 33% and 65% by weight. The high filler content allows the ramp to achieve sufficient hardness and abrasion resistance to allow it to be used for multi-year operation on construction sites. According to one embodiment, carbon black and calcium carbonate can be used as fillers. According to another embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide. According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron, or aluminum.

[0021] According to one example, the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR exhibits high resistance to oils, greases, and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, NBR is characterized by favorable aging behavior, allowing the production of weather-resistant ramps. The low abrasion contributes to an increased service life of the ramp.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the second elastomer contains styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The addition of styrene-butadiene rubber can improve the weather resistance of the ramp.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the retaining element or the ramp element has at least one opening or channel suitable for the drainage of liquids, for example, water. In particular, the opening can be connected to a channel for the drainage of liquids.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material. In particular, an opening or a channel for the drainage of liquids can be formed by pores in the porous material. According to one embodiment, the pores have a pore size in the range of 0.001 to 5 mm. In particular, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 2 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 1 mm.

[0025] The height of the retaining element may be greater in the area of ​​the heel than at the end of the retaining element opposite the heel.

[0026] The ramp element is designed to be substantially wedge-shaped, particularly in cross-section. According to this exemplary embodiment, the ramp element forms a wedge whose cross-section can be substantially triangular, square, or trapezoidal.

[0027] The height of the ramp element gradually increases in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the plate element, it rolls over the ramp element onto the steel plate. The vehicle can thus roll over the ramp element without transmitting any significant shock to the vehicle's wheels.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the inclined surface can be different. In particular, the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and a second inclined surface section. The first inclined surface section can enclose a greater angle of inclination with the support surface than the second inclined surface section. In particular, the maximum angle of inclination of the second inclined surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees. The minimum angle of inclination of the first inclined surface section can be at least 3 degrees greater than the minimum angle of inclination of the second inclined surface section. Preferably, the minimum angle of inclination of the first inclined surface section can be at least 10 degrees.

[0029] The retaining element is connected, in particular, to the side of the wedge with the greatest overall height. The slab element rests on the retaining element when in use. The height of the retaining element and the thickness of the slab element ideally correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, i.e., the height of the step. However, the thickness of the slab element can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so the ramp can also be used for slab elements of different thicknesses.

[0030] The plate element can, in particular, be a steel plate. The ramp can also be used for plate elements made of other materials, such as plastic sheets, boards, or the like.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the underside of the retaining element and the support surface lie on a common plane. This embodiment is advantageous when the ramp is to rest sealingly on a level surface. This level support surface on the level surface prevents rainwater from the roadway from penetrating a pit located below the slab element. The weight of the slab element presses the retaining element onto the surface in such a way that sealing can be achieved when the ramp extends completely around the slab element.

[0032] In particular, the upper side of the retaining element can be configured substantially parallel to the underside of the retaining element. This allows the plate element to rest flatly on the retaining element, and the plate element's own weight can be evenly distributed into the retaining element. The ramp element is preferably manufactured together with the retaining element in one piece, i.e., constructed as a single component, whereby the entire ramp can be made of the same material. The ramp preferably contains an elastic material, for example, an elastic plastic, in particular rubber or rubber compounds.

[0033] The underside of the ramp element and / or the underside of the holding element can have at least one channel. The channel serves as a collection channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface, i.e. the underside of the ramp element, and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness in the ground. The liquid is collected in the channel and can, for example, be drained towards a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. The roadway itself often has a corresponding incline that promotes the drainage of liquid. According to a further design variant, the liquid collecting in the channel can be removed by compressing the channel due to the load on the ramp element caused by a vehicle driving over it in such a way that the channel is at least partially compressed and the liquid contained therein is consequently displaced from the channel.The channel may have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross-section.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the upper side of the ramp element can have a marking. This marking can serve, in particular, to make the ramp element more visually recognizable to approaching vehicles, so that vehicle drivers can be aware of the approaching obstacle before reaching the ramp element and adjust their driving speed accordingly.

[0035] In particular, the marking can be designed as an optical marking, particularly comprising safety stripes or rectangular safety elements. Optionally, the marking can also be designed as part of a traffic guidance system. The marking can be luminous, luminous, or reflective. In particular, the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the ramp can be assembled from multiple sub-elements. This allows the ramp to be adapted to the dimensions of different panel elements. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example, to create temporary pedestrian crossings. In particular, the ramps can be designed to accommodate a corner of a panel element, such as a steel plate or a wooden board. Furthermore, multiple ramps according to each of the embodiments can be assembled in a modular manner, so that a different number of ramps can be used depending on the length or width of the panel element.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the surface of the inclined surface and / or the holding element can be rough or water-repellent. Increasing the roughness of the surface can improve adhesion, preventing the ramp from slipping. In particular, this can reduce the risk of falls for cyclists.

[0038] According to one embodiment, a seal can be provided to prevent water from running into the excavation pit. Furthermore, recesses can also be provided on the inclined surfaces to drain liquid. The recesses can, for example, be designed as grooves that extend parallel to the front surface or at an angle thereto over at least part of the inclined surface.

[0039] The ramp according to the invention is illustrated below using several exemplary embodiments. Fig. 1a a view of a ramp according to a first embodiment from above, Fig. 1b a perspective view of the ramp according to Fig. 1a , Fig. 1c a section through the ramp according to Fig. 1a , Fig. 2a a view of a ramp according to a second embodiment from above, Fig. 2b a view of the ramp according to Fig. 2a from underneath, Fig. 3a a view of a ramp according to a third embodiment from below, Fig. 3b a view of the ramp according to Fig. 3a from above, Fig. 3c a section through the ramp according to Fig. 3a along the section line BB, Fig. 3d a perspective view of a variant of the ramp according to Fig. 3a , Fig. 4 a view of an arrangement of several ramps according to a fourth embodiment, Fig. 5 a detail of a magnetic element arranged in a cavity according to a first embodiment, Fig. 6a the magnetic element and its fastening element in a view from above, Fig. 6b a side view of the magnetic element and the associated fastening element according to Fig. 6a , Fig. 6c a section along the section line AA according to Fig. 6a , Fig. 6d a perspective view of the magnetic element and the associated fastening element according to Fig. 6a , Fig. 7 a detail of a magnetic element arranged in a cavity according to a second embodiment, Fig. 8 a detail of a side view of a ramp according to one of the preceding embodiments, Fig. 9a a first embodiment of a connecting element, Fig. 9b a second embodiment of a connecting element, Fig. 10 a detail of a variant of a porous ramp element, Fig 11a a view of a ramp according to an embodiment not belonging to the invention from above, Fig. 11b a section through the ramp according to Fig. 11a along the section line AA, Fig. 11c a detail B of the Fig. 11b , Fig. 11d a section through the ramp according to Fig. 11a along the section line CC, Fig. 11e a detail D of the Fig. 11d , Fig 12a a view of a ramp according to a further embodiment not belonging to the invention from above, Fig. 12b a section through the ramp according to Fig. 12a along the section line AA, Fig. 12c a detail B of the Fig. 12b , Fig. 12d a section through the ramp according to Fig. 12a along the section line BB, Fig. 12e a detail D of the Fig. 12d .

[0040] Fig. 1a shows a view of a ramp 10 according to a first embodiment from above, Fig. 1b a perspective view of the ramp 10. The ramp 10 according to Fig. 1a bis Fig. 1c comprises a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2. The ramp element 1 has an edge 3 having a first height and a shoulder 4 having a second height. The first height is smaller than the second height. In particular, the first height can be 0 mm if the edge 3 forms a point. Between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4 extends a support surface 5, which is formed at least partially by the underside of the ramp element 1 and in Fig. 1c is visible. Between the edge 3 and the step 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the upper side of the ramp element 1. The support surface 5 is located on the opposite side of the inclined surface 6 and is therefore in Fig. 1a not visible. The holding element 2 has an upper side 7 and a lower side 8. The lower side 8 is opposite the upper side 7 and is in Fig. 1c visible. The retaining element 2 is connected to the heel 4. The height between the top side 7 of the retaining element 2 and the bottom side 8 of the retaining element 2 is less than the height of the heel 4.

[0041] According to an embodiment not shown, the angle of inclination of the inclined surface 6 can be different. In particular, the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and a second inclined surface section. The first inclined surface section can enclose a greater angle of inclination with the support surface than the second inclined surface section. In particular, the maximum angle of inclination of the second inclined surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees. The minimum angle of inclination of the second inclined surface section can preferably be at least 3 degrees, in particular at least 5 degrees. The minimum angle of inclination of the first inclined surface section can be at least 3 degrees greater than the minimum angle of inclination of the second inclined surface section. Preferably, the minimum angle of inclination of the first inclined surface section can be at least 10 degrees.

[0042] The ramp element 1 according to Fig. 1a bis Fig. 1c is essentially wedge-shaped in cross-section. The ramp element is designed according to Fig. 1c a wedge is formed, the cross-section of which is essentially triangular, square, or trapezoidal. The height of the ramp element 1 increases gradually in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the ramp element 10, the vehicle can roll over the ramp element 1 without any significant shocks being transmitted to the vehicle's wheels. The retaining element 2 is connected to the side of the wedge which has the greatest height. The plate element 100 is placed on the retaining element 2, which in Fig. 1c partially indicated by dot-dash lines. The height of the holding element 2 and the thickness of the plate element 100 advantageously correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, i.e., the height of the step 4. However, the thickness of the plate element 100 can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the ramp 10 can also be used for plate elements 100 of different thicknesses.

[0043] The plate element 100 can in particular be a steel plate, but the ramp 10 can also be used for other plate elements 100, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the underside 8 of the holding element 2 and the support surface 5 lie on a common plane. This embodiment is advantageous when the entire ramp 10 is to rest sealingly on a level surface. This level support surface on a level surface prevents rainwater from the roadway from penetrating the pit, for example, the construction pit or the excavation area, wherein the pit extends below the plate element 100. Due to the weight of the steel plate, the holding element 2 is pressed onto the ground in such a way that sealing can be achieved when the ramp 10 surrounds the plate element 100.

[0045] In particular, the upper side 7 of the holding element 2 can be formed substantially parallel to the underside 8 of the holding element 2, which can be seen, for example, in section in the Fig. 1c As a result, the plate element 100 can rest flat on the holding element 2, and the dead weight of the plate element 100 can be evenly distributed into the holding element 2. The ramp element 1 and the holding element 2 are preferably designed as a single piece, with the ramp 10 in particular containing a first elastomer and a second elastomer. By using a mixture of a first and second elastomer, it has surprisingly been shown that the slip resistance can be significantly increased during rain or snowfall.

[0046] The holding element 2 or the ramp element 1 can have openings 35, which can simplify the manipulation of the ramp element and / or which are suitable for water drainage. The openings can have any shape; openings 35 in the form of elongated holes are shown as an example.

[0047] The underside of the ramp element 1 and / or the underside of the holding element 2 can have at least one channel 9, 19. Such a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness of the ground. Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one opening 35. In the two Fig. 1c The channels 9, 19 shown collect liquid striking the ramp element 1 or the support element 2 and can, for example, be diverted toward a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. The roadway itself often has a corresponding incline that promotes the drainage of liquid. The channels 9, 19 can also comprise components of channels that can extend along the entire support surface 5. The channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curve.

[0048] According to a further embodiment, the liquid accumulating in one of the channels 9, 19 can be removed by compressing the channel due to the load on the ramp element 1 caused by a vehicle driving over it, so that the channel is at least partially compressed and the liquid contained therein is displaced from the channel. The channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slit-like, triangular, or polygonal cross-section.

[0049] The holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each designed to receive a magnetic element. Fig. 1c One of these cavities 25 is shown in section. The cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29. In particular, the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first section 31 has a first diameter, and the second section 32 has a second diameter. In particular, the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.

[0050] Fig. 2a shows a top view of a ramp 20 according to a second embodiment, which is designed to receive a corner of a plate element 100 (shown with dot-dashed lines). Fig. 2b shows ramp 20 according to Fig. 2a from below. The ramp 20, like the ramp 10 according to the previous embodiment, has a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2. The ramp element 1 has an inclined surface 6 and a support surface 5. The support surface 5 and the inclined surface 6 extend from the edge 3 to the shoulder 4. The shoulder 4 forms a stop for the plate element. The ramp 20 has a further ramp element 11. The ramp element 11 has an inclined surface 16 and a support surface 15. The support surface 15 and the inclined surface 16 extend from the edge 13 to the shoulder 14. The shoulder 14 forms a stop for the plate element 100. A ramp element which forms a connecting surface 12 can be arranged between the ramp element 1 and the ramp element 11. According to the present embodiment, the edge 3 continues to the connecting surface 12, and the edge 13 also continues to the connecting surface 12.The thickness of the ramp element forming the connecting surface increases from the continuation of the edges 3, 13 to the intersection of the planes of the steps 4, 14. This creates a substantially smooth transition to the inclined surfaces 6, 16.

[0051] According to this embodiment, markings 21 are applied to the surface of the inclined surfaces 6, 16. The markings 21 may include areas of different colors or have areas with a different surface texture.

[0052] The holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each of which is designed to receive a magnetic element.

[0053] Fig. 2b shows ramp 20 according to Fig. 2a from below. In Fig. 2b The cavities 25 are shown. As in the previous embodiment, each of the cavities 25 contains a shoulder 29. In particular, each of the cavities 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32. The first section 31 has a first diameter, and the second section 32 has a second diameter. In particular, the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.

[0054] Fig. 3a shows a view of a ramp 30 according to a third embodiment, which is designed to receive a corner of a plate element 100. This ramp 30 can be used together with the ramp 20. All elements that are also shown in Fig. 2a oder Fig. 2b shown have the same designation. For the description of these elements, Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b In contrast to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b Ramp 30 is according to Fig. 3a intended for supporting a side surface of the plate element 100. This ramp 30 can be used in combination with the ramp according to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b In particular, several ramps 30 can be placed next to each other if the plate element is longer than the ramp 30.

[0055] Fig. 3a shows a view of the ramp 30 according to the third embodiment from below, Fig. 3b a view of ramp 30 from above. Fig. 3c shows a section through the ramp 30 along the section line marked BB. The ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a bis Fig. 3c comprises a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2. The ramp element 1 has an edge 3 having a first height and a shoulder 4 having a second height. The first height is smaller than the second height. In particular, the first height can be 0 mm if the edge 3 forms a point. Between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4 extends a support surface 5, which is formed at least partially by the underside of the ramp element 1 and in Fig. 3a is visible. Between the edge 3 and the step 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the upper side of the ramp element 1. The support surface 5 is on the opposite side of the inclined surface 6. The inclined surface 6 is therefore in Fig. 3a not visible. The holding element 2 has an upper side 7 and a lower side 8. The lower side 8 is opposite the upper side 7 and is in Fig. 3a visible. The retaining element 2 is connected to the shoulder 4. The height between the top side 7 of the retaining element 2 and the bottom side 8 of the retaining element 2 is less than or equal to the height of the shoulder 4, measured from the level of the support surface 5.

[0056] The ramp element 1 is essentially wedge-shaped in cross-section. Fig. 3c a wedge is formed whose cross-section is essentially triangular, square or trapezoidal.

[0057] The height of the ramp element 1 increases gradually in the direction of travel. When a vehicle reaches the ramp element 1, the vehicle can roll over the ramp element 1 without any significant shocks being transmitted to the vehicle's wheels. The retaining element 2 is connected to the side of the wedge that has the greatest height. The plate element 100 is placed on the retaining element 2, which Fig. 3c partially indicated by dot-dash lines. The height of the holding element 2 and the thickness of the plate element 100 advantageously correspond essentially to the height of the wedge at its highest point, i.e., the height of the shoulder 4. However, the thickness of the plate element 100 can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the ramp 30 can also be used for plate elements 100 of different thicknesses.

[0058] The plate element 100 can in particular be a steel plate, but the ramp 10 can also be used for other plate elements 100, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the underside 8 of the holding element 2 and the support surface 5 lie at least partially on a common plane. In particular, the upper side 7 of the holding element 2 can be formed substantially parallel to the underside 8 of the holding element 2, which is shown, for example, in section in the Fig. 3c As a result, the plate element 100 can rest flat on the holding element 2, and the dead weight of the plate element 100 can be evenly distributed into the holding element 2. The ramp element 1 and the holding element 2 are preferably designed as a single piece, with the ramp 30, in particular, containing a first elastomer and a second elastomer. By using a mixture of a first and second elastomer, it has surprisingly been shown that the slip resistance can be significantly increased during rain or snowfall.

[0060] The holding element 2 or the ramp element 1 can have openings 35, which simplify the manipulation of the ramp element and / or which are suitable for the drainage of water. The openings can have any shape, for example, Fig. 3a und Fig. 3b Openings 35 shown in the form of elongated holes.

[0061] The underside of the ramp element 1 and / or the underside of the holding element 2 can have at least one channel 9, 19. Such a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness of the ground. A plurality of channels 9, 19 can be provided. In the two Fig. 3a In the channels 9, 19 shown, any liquid present between the ramp 30 and the ground can be collected and can be diverted, for example, towards a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. The roadway itself often has a corresponding incline that promotes the drainage of liquid. The channels 9, 19 can also contain components of channels, i.e. sections, which can extend along the entire support surface 5. The sections of the channels 9 can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or can also have a curve. The sections of the channels 19 can extend inside the holding element. Such a channel 19 or a section can run in a straight line or can also have a curve.

[0062] According to a further embodiment, the fluid accumulating in one of the channels 9, 19 can be removed by compressing the channel due to the load on the ramp element 1 caused by a vehicle driving over it, so that the channel is compressed and the fluid contained therein is displaced from the channel. The channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slit-like, triangular, or polygonal cross-section.

[0063] The holding element 2 contains a plurality of cavities 25, each designed to receive a magnetic element. Fig. 3c One of these cavities 25 is shown in section. The cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29. In particular, the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32. At least one of the first or second sections 31, 32 can have a cylindrical shape. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first section 31 has a first diameter, and the second section 32 has a second diameter if the first and second sections 31, 32 are cylindrical. In particular, the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter.

[0064] Fig. 3d shows a variant of the ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a , which differs from the previous variant by the number of openings 25. For example, it can be a ramp 30 that is longer than the ramp 30 according to Fig. 3a oder Fig. 3b . In addition, this figure shows a connecting hole 17 arranged on the side for a connecting element 18. Such a connecting element 18 is shown in Fig. 9a oder Fig. 9b shown.

[0065] Fig. 4 shows a view of an arrangement of several ramps 10 according to one of the Fig. 1a or 1b, one or more ramps 20 according to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b or one or more ramps 30 according to Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c oder Fig. 3d According to this embodiment, the ramp is composed of several sub-elements. This allows the ramp to be adapted to the dimensions of different panel elements 100. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example, to create temporary pedestrian crossings. The ramps 10, 20, 30 of each of the embodiments can thus be combined with one another as desired.

[0066] In particular, the ramp 20 can be arranged such that it can accommodate a corner of a plate element 100, such as a steel plate or a wooden board. Furthermore, several ramps 10, 20, 30 can be assembled in a modular manner, so that depending on the length or width of the plate element 100, a different number and / or different embodiments of ramps, for example, ramps 10, 30 of different lengths, can be used.

[0067] Fig. 5 shows a detail of a magnetic element 22 arranged in a cavity 25 of the holding element 2 according to a first embodiment. In Fig. 5 One of these cavities 25 is shown in section. The cavity 25 contains a shoulder 29. In particular, the cavity 25 can comprise a first section 31 and a second section 32. The first section 31 has a first diameter, the second section 32 has a second diameter. In particular, the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter. The magnetic element 22 can in particular be designed as a cylindrical component. The magnetic element 22 in particular has a magnetic element shoulder 23. According to the Fig. 5 In the embodiment shown, the magnetic element 22 is held in the cavity 25 by means of a fastening element 24.

[0068] Fig. 6a shows the magnetic element 22 and its fastening element 24 in a top view. The fastening element 24 is designed as a ring-shaped component.

[0069] Fig. 6b shows a side view of the magnetic element 22 and the associated fastening element 24 according to Fig. 6a . According to one embodiment, the fastening element 24 has an oversize, i.e., the outer diameter 27 of the fastening element 24 is larger than the inner diameter of the second section 32. The fastening element 24 can, in particular, contain a harder material than the holding element 2. When the fastening element 24 is inserted into the second section 31, the material of the holding element 2 surrounding the first section 31 is stretched and exerts a compressive force on the fastening element 24. In addition, the fastening element 24 can contain a plurality of recesses 37. The material of the holding element 2 can be at least partially received in the recesses 37, so that the recesses can be at least partially filled by the material of the holding element 2 when the material of the holding element can expand again, i.e.an elastic return of the material of the holding element, which is subjected to a pressing pressure by the fastening element 24, into the original position after the pressing pressure is removed in the recesses 37.

[0070] Fig. 6c shows a section along the section line AA according to Fig. 6a . In Fig. 6c It is shown that the magnetic element 22 contains a magnetic element shoulder 23. The magnetic element shoulder 23 can extend in particular over the entire circumference of the magnetic element 22, in other words, the magnetic element shoulder 23 is arranged circumferentially. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the magnetic element shoulder 23 is received in the fastening element 24. The fastening element 24 is provided for this purpose with a through-bore 38 which contains a stop 28. The magnetic element 22 can rest with the magnetic element shoulder 23 on the stop 28 in the installed state, thereby ensuring that the magnetic element 22 can be held in the fastening element 24 even when tensile forces are applied, wherein the fastening element 24 in turn rests on the shoulder 29 (see Fig. 5 ) provided in the holding element 2.

[0071] Fig. 6d shows a perspective view of the magnetic element 22 and the associated fastening element 24 according to Fig. 6a. Fig. 6d also shows a plurality of recesses 37, which are arranged in a ring-like manner in the circumferential direction of the fastening element 24 on its outer edge.

[0072] Fig. 7 shows a detail of a magnetic element 22 arranged in a cavity 25 of the holding element 2 according to a second embodiment for one of the ramps 10, 20, 30. In Fig. 7 One of these cavities 25 is shown in section. According to this exemplary embodiment, the cavity 25 is formed as a blind hole. According to this exemplary embodiment, the cavity 25 has a cylindrical shape, i.e., the inner diameter of the cavity is constant. The magnetic element 22 can, in particular, be formed as a cylindrical component. According to this exemplary embodiment, an adhesive layer 26 is located on the bottom of the cavity. The adhesive layer 26 contains an adhesive by means of which the magnetic element 22 is held in the cavity 25, thus preventing the magnetic element 22 from falling out of the cavity 25.

[0073] According to an embodiment not shown, the cavity could be conical. According to this embodiment, the contact pressure exerted by the material of the holding element 2 on the magnetic element 22 varies. The magnetic element 22 can thus be inserted into the cavity and held in the cavity 25 with a force fit.

[0074] Fig. 8 shows a detail of a side view of one of the ramps 10, 20, 30. In Fig. 8 a connecting bore 17 is shown, which is designed to receive a connecting element 18, which in Fig. 9a oder Fig. 9b is shown. The connecting bore 17 can extend parallel to the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 or the underside 8 of the holding element 2. The connecting bore 17 can run through the ramp element 1 or can be designed as a blind hole. The connecting bore 17 is advantageously formed in a region of the ramp element 1 that is located near the shoulder 4, i.e. in the region of the ramp element 1 in which the ramp element 1 has the greatest thickness or approximately the greatest thickness. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the connecting bore 17 is located less than one-third of the distance between the shoulder 4 and the edge 3 from the shoulder 4.

[0075] Fig. 9a shows a first embodiment of a connecting element 18, which is intended to be received in a corresponding connecting bore 17. By means of the connecting element 18, two adjacent ramps 10, 20, 30 can be coupled to one another in such a way that they cannot shift relative to one another. The connecting element 18 can in particular contain a profiling 34. For example, the profiling can comprise a plurality of ribs arranged on the connecting element 18. According to the present embodiment, the ribs are arranged in a ring shape on the connecting element 18. The connecting element 18 can contain a tip 36, which enables easy centering in the connecting bore 17. The connecting element 18 can be hollow, for example, to save material or to simplify its assembly or disassembly. The connecting element 18 can contain a plastic or be made of a plastic.Alternatively, the connecting element 18 may contain a metal, wood or a wood material.

[0076] Fig. 9b shows a second embodiment of a connecting element 18, which is intended for reception in a corresponding connecting bore 17. By means of the connecting element 18, two adjacent ramps 10, 20, 30 can be coupled to one another in such a way that they cannot shift relative to one another. The connecting element 18 can, in particular, contain a profiling 34. For example, the profiling can comprise a helically arranged projection. According to an embodiment not shown, the profiling can be designed for reception in a corresponding internal thread in the connecting bore 17.

[0077] According to each of the embodiments, the upper side of the ramp element 1 can have a marking 21. Such a marking 21 is for the ramps 10, 20, 30 according to one of the Fig. 2a , 3b , 4 This marking can be used, in particular, to make ramps 10, 20, 30 more visually recognizable for approaching vehicles or pedestrians, so that drivers can be aware of the ramp element's position before reaching it and adjust their speed accordingly, or a pedestrian can be warned in good time of a potential tripping hazard.

[0078] In particular, the marking 21 can be designed as an optical marking comprising areas with colored, bright, luminous, or reflective elements. The marking can be luminous, luminous, or reflective. In particular, the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark. In particular, the marking 21 can comprise an insert element that is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1, as shown in Fig. 8 is shown.

[0079] According to each of the embodiments, the marking 21 may comprise a collecting groove, or collecting grooves may be arranged between markings to introduce liquid into one of the openings 25.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the surface of the inclined surface 6, 16 and / or the upper side 7 of the holding element 2 can be rough or water-repellent. Increasing the roughness of the surface can improve adhesion, preventing the plate element from slipping on the holding element. In particular, a rough surface can also reduce the risk of falls for cyclists.

[0081] According to one embodiment, a seal can be provided to prevent water from running into the pit. This seal can be formed, for example, as a projection on the support surface. In particular, the edge of the channel 9, 19 closer to the ledge can be longer than the edge farther away from the ledge. This edge is pressed against the ground by the weight of the plate element, preventing the passage of liquid from the roadway toward the pit. Thus, the projection or extended edge creates a liquid barrier.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the ramp element 1 or the holding element 2 has openings suitable for the drainage of liquids, for example, water. In particular, the openings 35 can be connected to channels 9, 19 for draining the liquids.

[0083] According to one embodiment, the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material. In particular, the openings or recesses can be formed by pores in the porous material. According to one embodiment, the pores have an average pore diameter in the range of 0.001 to 5 mm. In particular, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 2 mm.

[0084] For example, the average pore diameter of the holding element 2 can be variable with respect to the length L of the ramp. For example, the holding element 2 can contain a first holding element section in which the average pore diameter is smaller than in a second holding element section. In particular, the average pore diameter in the second holding element section can be smaller than in the first holding element section. Channels 9 can be located in the second holding element section, which in Fig. 10 is shown. In particular, the pore diameter can decrease abruptly in the transition region from the second holding element section to the first holding element section. The average pore diameter in the second holding element section can be essentially constant. The first holding element section can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight. If the holding element section is designed directly adjacent to the edge of the ramp, the entry of liquid into a depression to be covered by the plate element, for example an excavation pit, can be prevented. The liquid is collected in the second holding element section and can flow away via the larger pores, openings or channels present there.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the average pore diameter can be variable with respect to the width B of the ramp of both the holding element 2 and the ramp element 1. The width B corresponds to the distance of the edge 3 from the end of the holding element 2, see for example Fig. 1a . For example, the holding element 2 can contain a first holding element section in which the average pore diameter decreases continuously. The average pore diameter becomes smaller towards the edge of the holding element 2. In particular, it can be reduced by more than half with respect to the average pore diameter of the second holding element section. For example, the average pore diameter can decrease gradually, i.e. continuously, from the second holding element section to the edge. Channels (not shown here) can be located in the second holding element section, similar to what was shown in the previous exemplary embodiments. The average pore diameter can be essentially constant in the second holding element section. The first holding element section can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight.If the first holding element section comes to rest against the edge of an excavation pit, liquid can thus be prevented from entering the excavation pit. The liquid is collected in the second holding element section and can flow away via the larger pores, openings, or recesses. Additionally or alternatively, the ramp element can contain a second ramp element section in which the average pore diameter decreases continuously or abruptly. The average pore diameter becomes smaller towards the edge 3 of the ramp element 1. In particular, the average pore diameter can be reduced by more than half with respect to the average pore diameter of a first ramp element section. The average pore diameter in the first ramp element section can remain essentially constant.

[0086] Fig. 11a shows a ramp 40 according to an embodiment not belonging to the invention, which contains a ramp element 1. Identical or equivalent elements bear the same reference numerals as in the previous embodiments. The ramp element 1 has a first edge 3, which has a first height. The ramp element 1 has a second edge 4, wherein the second edge 4 has a second height. According to the present embodiment, the first height is smaller than the second height. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends a support surface 5, which forms the underside of the ramp element 1. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the top side of the ramp element 1. The ramp element 1 contains at least one through-bore 45 for receiving an anchor element.

[0087] According to the present embodiment, the inclined surface 6 contains at least one insert element 43. In particular, the insert element, as in connection with Fig. 8 shown and described, be designed as a marking 21 comprising areas with colored, bright, luminous, or reflective elements. The marking may be luminous, luminous, or reflective. In particular, the ramp element may contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark. In particular, the marking may comprise the insert element 43, which is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1. In Fig. 11a Six square insert elements 43 are shown as examples, whereby the shape and number of the insert elements 43 may differ from the illustration.

[0088] Fig. 11b shows a section through the ramp 40 according to Fig. 11a along the section line AA. The through-bore 45 visible in the sectional view is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis 46, wherein the central axis 46 is aligned at an angle in the range of 80 degrees up to and including 100 degrees to the inclined surface 6. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the through-bore 45 contains a shoulder 49. The through-bore comprises a first section 41 and a second section 42. The first section 41 has a first cross-sectional area and the second section 42 has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area. In particular, at least one of the first or second sections 41, 42 is cylindrical. The second cross-sectional area is designed in particular to receive a head element of the anchor element. The first cross-sectional area is designed to receive a shaft of the anchor element.The anchor element is not shown in the drawing.

[0089] The underside of the ramp element 1 can have at least one channel 9, 19. Such a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness of the ground. Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one groove 39. In the two Fig. 11b The channels 9, 19 shown collect liquid striking the ramp element 1 and can, for example, be diverted toward a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. The roadway itself often has a corresponding incline that promotes the drainage of liquid. The channels 9, 19 can also comprise components of channels that can extend along the entire support surface 5. The channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or have a curve.

[0090] Fig. 11c shows a detail B of the Fig. 11b , which particularly shows the through-bore 45 in detail. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first and second sections 41, 42 are substantially cylindrical. The first section 41 has a first section diameter 47, and the second section 42 has a second section diameter 48. According to this exemplary embodiment, the second section diameter 48 is 1.2 times to 5 times as large as the first section diameter 47. In particular, the central axis 46 is aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to the inclined surface 6. According to this exemplary embodiment, the second section has a depth 44 that is smaller than the depth of the first section 41, measured along the central axis 46.

[0091] Fig. 11d shows a section through the ramp 40 according to Fig. 11a along the section line CC. The through hole 45 visible in the sectional view corresponds to the Fig. 11b through hole shown, so that the description can be Fig. 11b can be referred to.

[0092] Fig. 11e shows a detail D of the Fig. 11d , which shows in particular the through hole 45 in detail.

[0093] Fig. 12a shows a top view of a ramp 50 according to a further exemplary embodiment not belonging to the invention. Identical or equivalent elements bear the same reference numerals as in the previous exemplary embodiments. The ramp element 1 has a first edge 3, which has a first height. The ramp element 1 has a second edge 4, wherein the second edge 4 has a second height. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the first height is smaller than the second height. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends a support surface 5, which forms the underside of the ramp element 1. Between the first edge 3 and the second edge 4 extends an inclined surface 6, which forms the top side of the ramp element 1. The ramp element 1 contains at least one through-bore 45 for receiving an anchor element.

[0094] According to the present embodiment, the inclined surface 6 contains at least one insert element 43. In particular, the insert element, as in connection with Fig. 8 shown and described, be designed as a marking comprising areas with colored, bright, luminous, or reflective elements. The marking may be luminous, luminous, or reflective. In particular, the ramp element may contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark. In particular, the marking may comprise the insert element 43, which is integrated into the surface of the inclined surface 6 of the ramp element 1. In Fig. 12a Six square insert elements 43 are shown as examples, whereby the shape and number of the insert elements 43 may differ from the illustration.

[0095] Fig. 12b shows a section through the ramp 50 according to Fig. 12a along the section line AA. The through-bore 45 visible in the sectional view is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis 46, wherein the central axis 46 is aligned at an angle in the range of 80 degrees up to and including 100 degrees to the inclined surface 6. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the through-bore 45 contains a shoulder 49. The through-bore comprises a first section 41 and a second section 42. The first section 41 has a first cross-sectional area and the second section 42 has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area. In particular, at least one of the first or second sections 41, 42 is cylindrical. The second cross-sectional area is designed in particular to receive a head element of the anchor element. The first cross-sectional area is designed to receive a shaft of the anchor element.The anchor element is not shown in the drawing.

[0096] Fig. 12c shows a detail C of the Fig. 12b , which particularly shows the through-bore 45 in detail. According to this exemplary embodiment, the first and second sections 41, 42 are substantially cylindrical. The first section 41 has a first section diameter 47, and the second section 42 has a second section diameter 48. According to this exemplary embodiment, the second section diameter 48 is 1.2 times to 5 times as large as the first section diameter 47. In particular, the central axis 46 is aligned at an angle of 90 degrees to the inclined surface 6. According to this exemplary embodiment, the second section has a depth 44 that is smaller than the depth of the first section 41, measured along the central axis 46.

[0097] Fig. 12d shows a section through the ramp 50 according to Fig. 12a along the section line BB. The through hole 45 visible in the sectional view corresponds to the Fig. 12b through hole shown, so that the description can be Fig. 12b The underside of the ramp element 1 can have at least one channel 9, 19. Such a channel serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the ground, for example due to unevenness of the ground. Such a channel 9, 19 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one groove 39. In the two Fig. 12d In the designated channels 9, 19, liquid striking the ramp element 1 is collected and can, for example, be diverted towards a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. Additional channels, which are not designated, can be provided. The roadway itself often has a corresponding incline, which promotes the drainage of liquid. The channels 9, 19 can also comprise components of channels that can extend along the entire support surface 5. The channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or also have a curve.

[0098] Fig. 12e shows a detail D of the Fig. 12d , which shows in particular the through hole 45 in detail.

[0099] According to each of the embodiments, the ramp 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 can contain a first elastomer and a second elastomer. According to one embodiment, the proportion of the first elastomer is 25 wt.% to 35 wt.%. According to one embodiment, the proportion of the second elastomer is 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%. According to one embodiment, the ramp contains highly volatile substances, wherein the proportion of highly volatile substances is a maximum of 7 wt.%. According to one embodiment, the ramp contains fillers, wherein the proportion of fillers is 33 wt.% to 65 wt.%. According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate. According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide. According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron, or aluminum.According to one embodiment, the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). According to one embodiment, the second elastomer contains styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Example 1

[0100] A ramp according to Example 1 contains 26 wt.% NBR and 12 wt.% SBR. The ramp contains 7 wt.% volatile substances, such as water or plasticizers. The carbon black content is 24 wt.%. The calcium carbonate content is 20 wt.%. The silicon dioxide content is 5 wt.%. The zinc oxide content is 1 wt.%. The remaining 5 wt.% comprises aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing, and iron-containing fillers.

[0101] The chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wavenumber range of 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm, and a number of 10 scans. The IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being found with the reference spectrum of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to Example 1 is calcium carbonate. The elastomer content and composition are determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 1 includes heating the sample to 550°C at 10°C / min, followed by isothermal heating for 40 minutes. The system then switches to oxygen flow and heats to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C / min. This temperature is maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.

[0102] The TGA measurement results for the ramp according to Example 1 show that volatile substances such as water or plasticizer evaporate at lower temperatures. According to Example 1, the mass loss is 7% by weight. The tolerance range is ± 0.5% by weight. At temperatures between 300°C and 500°C, the elastomer decomposes. The first and second derivatives show a double peak. This means that there is a first and a second elastomer; in Example 1, this is 26% by weight NBR and 12% by weight SBR. From a temperature of 550°C, the flow switches to oxygen. A further weight loss of 24% by weight occurs, which is attributable to the oxidation of soot to CO2. The soot content is therefore 24% by weight according to Example 1. At temperatures in the range of 630 °C to 680 °C, a further weight loss occurs, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide.This results in a calcium carbonate content of 4-5% for Example 1. A 24% wt. residue on ignition is further analyzed using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XCF) analysis. The fillers contained in the residue on ignition include 16% wt. calcium carbonate, 5% wt. silicon dioxide, 1% wt. zinc oxide, and other fillers, primarily magnesium-, iron-, and aluminum-containing. Example 2

[0103] A ramp according to Example 2 contains 42 wt.% NBR and 17 wt.% SBR. The ramp contains 6 wt.% volatile substances, such as water or plasticizers. The carbon black content is 29 wt.%. The calcium carbonate content is 0.5 to 1 wt.%. The silicon dioxide content is 2 wt.%. The zinc oxide content is 1 wt.%. The remaining 2% to 3.5 wt.% comprises aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing, and iron-containing fillers.

[0104] The chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wavenumber range of 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm, and a number of 10 scans. The IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being found with the reference spectrum of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to Example 2 is silicon dioxide. For a more precise determination of the elastomer content and composition, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 2 includes heating the sample to 550°C at 10°C / min, followed by isothermal heating for 40 min. The mixture is then switched to oxygen flow and heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C / min.This temperature is maintained for 15 min in isothermal operation.

[0105] The TGA measurement results for the ramp according to Example 2 show that volatile substances such as water or plasticizer evaporate at lower temperatures. According to Example 2, the mass loss is 6 wt.%. The tolerance range is ± 0.5 wt.%. At temperatures between 300°C and 500°C, the elastomer decomposes. The first and second derivatives show a double peak. This means that there is a first and a second elastomer, namely 42 wt.% NBR and 17 wt.% SBR. From a temperature of 550°C, the flow switches to oxygen. A further weight loss of 29 wt.% occurs, which is attributable to the oxidation of soot to CO2. The soot content is therefore 29 wt.% according to Example 2. At temperatures in the range of 630 °C to 680 °C, a further weight loss occurs, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide.This results in a calcium carbonate content of less than 0.1% for Example 2. A 6% wt. residue was further analyzed using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XCF) analysis. The fillers contained in the residue include 0.5 to 1% wt. calcium carbonate, 2% wt. silicon dioxide, 1% wt. zinc oxide, and other fillers, primarily magnesium-, iron-, and aluminum-containing. Example 3

[0106] A ramp according to Example 3 contains 34 wt.% NBR and 24 wt.% SBR. The ramp contains 6 wt.% volatile substances, such as water or plasticizers. The carbon black content is 20 wt.%. The calcium carbonate content is 0.5 to 1 wt.%. The silicon dioxide content is 12 wt.%. The zinc oxide content is 1 wt.%. The remaining 2% to 2.5 wt.% comprises aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing, and iron-containing fillers.

[0107] The chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wavenumber range of 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm, and a scan count of 10. The IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being found with the reference spectrum of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to Example 3 is silicon dioxide. For a more precise determination of the elastomer content and composition, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 3 includes heating the sample to 550°C at 10°C / min, followed by isothermal heating for 40 min. The mixture is then switched to oxygen flow and heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C / min.This temperature is maintained for 15 min in isothermal operation.

[0108] The TGA measurement results for the ramp according to Example 3 show that volatile substances such as water or plasticizer evaporate at lower temperatures. The mass loss according to Example 3 is 6 wt.%. The tolerance range is ± 0.5 wt.%. At temperatures between 300°C and 500°C, the elastomer decomposes. The first and second derivatives show a double peak. This means that there is a first and a second elastomer, namely 34 wt.% NBR and 24 wt.% SBR. From a temperature of 550°C, the flow switches to oxygen. A further weight loss of 20 wt.% occurs, which is attributable to the oxidation of soot to CO2. The soot content according to Example 3 is therefore 20 wt.%. At temperatures in the range of 630 °C to 680 °C, a further weight loss occurs, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide.This results in a calcium carbonate content of less than 1 wt.% for Example 3. A 15 wt.% residue on ignition is further analyzed using semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XCF) analysis. The fillers contained in the residue on ignition include 0.5 to 1 wt.% calcium carbonate, 12 wt.% silicon dioxide, 1 wt.% zinc oxide, and other fillers, primarily magnesium-, iron-, and aluminum-containing. Example 4

[0109] A ramp according to Example 4 contains 30 wt.% NBR and 15 wt.% SBR. The ramp contains 6 wt.% volatile substances, such as water or plasticizers. The carbon black content is 26 wt.%. The calcium carbonate content is 1 wt.%. The remaining 22 wt.% comprises silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum-, magnesium-, and iron-containing fillers.

[0110] The chemical composition of the elastomers is determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wavenumber range of 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm, and a scan count of 10. The IR spectra of the samples are compared with reference spectra from the IR database, with the highest agreement being found with the reference spectrum of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to Example 4 is calcium carbonate. For a more precise determination of the elastomer content and composition, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 4 includes heating the sample to 550°C at 10°C / min, followed by isothermal heating for 40 min. The mixture is then switched to oxygen flow and heated to a temperature of 850°C at 10°C / min.This temperature is maintained for 15 min in isothermal operation.

[0111] At lower temperatures, volatile substances such as water or plasticizer evaporate. According to Example 4, the mass loss is 6 wt.%. The tolerance range is ± 0.5 wt.%. At temperatures between 300°C and 500°C, the elastomer decomposes. The first and second derivatives show a double peak. This means that there is a first and a second elastomer, in this case 30 wt.% NBR and 15 wt.% SBR. From a temperature of 550°C, the flow switches to oxygen. A further weight loss of 26 wt.% occurs, which is attributable to the oxidation of soot to CO2. The soot content is therefore 26 wt.% according to Example 4. At temperatures in the range of 630°C to 680°C, a further weight loss occurs, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. This results in a calcium carbonate content of 1% for example 4.The fillers contained in the 21 wt% residue on ignition include calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and other fillers, mainly containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.

[0112] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that many further variations are possible in addition to the described embodiments without departing from the inventive concept. The subject matter of the invention is therefore not limited by the foregoing description and is determined by the scope of protection defined by the claims. The broadest possible reading of the claims is decisive for the interpretation of the claims or the description. In particular, the terms "contain" or "comprise" should be interpreted to refer to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive sense, thereby indicating that the elements, components, or steps may be present or used, or that they may be combined with other elements, components, or steps not explicitly mentioned.Where the claims refer to an element or component from a group which may consist of A, B, C to N elements or components, that language should be interpreted to require only a single element of that group, and not a combination of A and N, B and N, or any other combination of two or more elements or components of that group.

Claims

1. Ramp (10, 20, 30) comprising a ramp element (1) and a retaining element (2), wherein the ramp element has an edge (3) which has a first height and a shoulder (4) which has a second height, wherein the first height is smaller than the second height, wherein a supporting surface (5) extends between the edge (3) and the shoulder (4), which forms the underside of the ramp element (1) and wherein a sloping surface (6) extends between the edge (3) and the shoulder (4) which forms the upper side of the ramp element (1), wherein the retaining element (2) has an upper side (7) and a lower side (8), wherein the retaining element (2) adjoins the shoulder (4), wherein the height between the upper side (7) of the retaining element (2) and the lower side (8) of the retaining element (2) is smaller than the height of the shoulder, characterized in that the retaining element (2) contains at least one cavity (25) and a magnetic element which is received in the cavity when installed.

2. The ramp of claim 1, wherein the cavity (25) contains a step (29) or wherein the cavity comprises a first section (31) and a second section (32).

3. The ramp of claim 2, wherein the first section (31) has a first cross-sectional area and the second section (32) has a second cross-sectional area.

4. The ramp of claim 3, wherein the first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area.

5. The ramp of claim 4, wherein at least one of the first or second sections (31, 32) is cylindrical in shape.

6. The ramp of claim 3, wherein a fastening element (24) is arranged in the second section (32).

7. The ramp of claim 6, wherein the fastening element (24) has an excess dimension with respect to the second section (32).

8. The ramp of claim 6, wherein the fastening element (24) contains a material which has a higher dimensional stability than the material of the ramp.

9. The ramp of claim 6, wherein the fastening element (24) contains a material which has a higher elasticity than the material of the ramp.

10. The ramp of one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the fastening element (24) contains a through-bore (38) which contains a stop (28) for receiving a magnetic element shoulder (23) of the magnetic element (22).

11. The ramp of one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (25) contains an adhesive layer (26).

12. The ramp of one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the retaining elements (2) or ramp elements (1) contains at least one connecting bore (17) for receiving a connecting element (18).

13. The ramp of claim 12, wherein the connecting bore (17) is arranged in the ramp element (1) and wherein the connecting bore (17) is arranged at a distance from the shoulder (4) which is less than one third of the distance between the shoulder (4) and the edge (3).

14. Ramp arrangement comprising at least a first ramp and a second ramp of one of the preceding claims, as well as a connecting element (18) for connecting the first ramp to the second ramp.

15. The ramp arrangement of claim 14, wherein the connecting element (18) has a profiling (34).

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