Temperature-control system, method for controlling the temperature of a temperature-control system, and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature-control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle using a heat transfer medium in a temperature-control circuit, comprising: - a battery housing which has an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium and which forms a closed interior with at least one receiving position for at least one battery cell, a lower region of the battery housing being designed to receive the heat transfer medium; - a collecting container for receiving the heat transfer medium; - a heat transfer device which has a condenser for cooling the heat transfer medium; - a pump for conveying the heat transfer medium; and - an electronic control and / or regulating unit, wherein the electronic control and / or regulating unit is designed to receive a temperature, in particular the temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or the temperature of the at least one designated battery cell, and / or the current strength of the at least one designated battery cell and / or the wet steam content at the fluid drain of the battery housing and, in accordance with at least one manipulated variable of the temperature-control system, to control and / or regulate the temperature of the at least one battery cell and / or the wet steam content at the fluid drain of the battery housing.

Description

[0001] Tempering system, method for tempering a tempering system and motor vehicle

[0002] The invention relates to a temperature control system, a method for temperature control of a temperature control system and a motor vehicle.

[0003] Various types of high-performance batteries are known from the state of the art. In such high-performance batteries, such as those used as traction batteries in electric vehicles, high power is generated during charging and discharging. Such high-performance batteries can currently be operated with voltages of up to several hundred volts or even up to 1000 volts. Furthermore, charging and discharging currents of several hundred amperes up to 1000 amperes are currently possible. Higher voltages and / or currents are also possible in future developments.

[0004] In high-performance batteries, the high charging and discharging currents cause thermal losses, which lead to the high-performance batteries heating up. To protect the batteries from thermal damage and to achieve high efficiency, it is important to keep the high-performance batteries within a desired temperature range. To avoid exceeding the temperature range, heat must be dissipated from the batteries. This is all the more important the larger the currents and the associated greater thermal losses, so that the batteries remain in the desired temperature range even at such high currents. Current battery cells using lithium-ion technology work best in a narrow temperature range with great temperature homogeneity and little temperature fluctuation within and between the battery cells.Under such conditions, safe operation of the high-performance batteries and a long service life with consistent performance can be achieved.

[0005] In order to ensure these conditions and to avoid exceeding the temperature range, battery cells of current high-performance batteries are cooled at least in phases during operation, i.e. during charging and / or discharging. Various types of cooling are currently used for this. For example, liquid cooling can be achieved using a heat exchanger through which a liquid heat transfer medium flows. The heat exchanger is usually arranged beneath the battery cells and is connected to the battery cells in a thermally conductive manner via contact heat transfer. The heat capacity of the liquid heat transfer medium is used to absorb the heat given off by the battery cells or the respective battery as a whole via a temperature difference and to release it either directly to the environment or via an air conditioning circuit.For example, electrically conductive water or an electrically conductive water-glycol mixture is used as the heat transport medium, which is why a reliable separation of the heat transport medium from the battery cells is necessary.

[0006] A similar cooling effect can also be achieved using air as the heat transfer medium. Since air, unlike water, is not electrically conductive, the battery cells can be in direct contact with the heat transfer medium and, for example, have it flow around them. A heat exchanger is therefore not absolutely necessary. Currently available systems actively circulate the heat transfer medium to dissipate the released heat by convection. With active circulation, the heat transfer medium is actively circulated to dissipate the heat from the battery cells.

[0007] As a further development of liquid cooling with a heat exchanger in contact with the battery cells, the liquid heat transfer medium can be evaporated by the heat absorption from the heat exchanger, which leads to higher heat transfer rates and, due to the enthalpy of vaporization, a high heat absorption per mass of the heat transfer medium. After condensation, the heat transfer medium can be fed back into the heat exchanger in a liquid state.

[0008] Cooling systems using a liquid heat transport medium are also being developed in some cases, for example in industrial applications for high-voltage traction batteries, which do not require a heat exchanger in contact with the battery cells. Similar to the use of air as a heat transport medium, cooling is achieved by the liquid heat transport medium flowing directly around the components to be cooled. An important property of the liquid heat transport medium is therefore its dielectricity, as the heat transport medium is in direct contact with the battery cells, i.e. with electrically conductive and potential-carrying components. In addition, the evaporation enthalpy of the dielectric, liquid heat transport medium and the associated high heat transfer can also be used if the heat transport medium evaporates due to the heat input from the battery cells to be cooled during the heat transfer.Such cooling is called two-phase immersion cooling. The invention aims to provide an improvement or alternative to the prior art.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium in a temperature control circuit, comprising:

[0010] - a battery housing having an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium, which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for at least one battery cell, wherein a lower region of the battery housing is designed to receive the heat transfer medium;

[0011] - a collecting container for receiving the heat transfer medium, in particular a collecting container which is operatively connected to a heating device for heating the heat transfer medium, in particular with a heating device which is designed to be able to vary a first temperature of the heat transfer medium in the collecting container as a function of a heating device control variable;

[0012] - a heat transfer device having a condenser for cooling the heat transfer medium, in particular a heat transfer device which is designed to be able to vary a second temperature of the heat transfer medium at a fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a heat transfer device control variable;

[0013] - a pump for conveying the heat transfer medium, in particular a pump which is designed to be able to vary a heat transfer medium volume flow depending on a pump control variable; and

[0014] - an electronic control and / or regulating unit, wherein the electronic control and / or regulating unit is configured to receive a temperature, in particular a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell, and / or a current intensity of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing, and by specifying at least one manipulated variable of the temperature control system for controlling and / or regulating the temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or the wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing.

[0015] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0016] First of all, it should be expressly pointed out that in the context of this patent application, indefinite articles and numerical expressions such as "one", "two", etc. are generally to be understood as "at least" expressions, i.e. as "at least one...", "at least two...", etc., unless it is expressly clear from the respective context or it is obvious or technically necessary for the person skilled in the art that only "exactly one...", "exactly two...", etc. can be meant.

[0017] In the context of this patent application, the expression "in particular" should always be understood as introducing an optional, preferred feature. The expression should not be understood as "and indeed" or "namely".

[0018] A "temperature control system" is understood to mean a device through which fluid can flow, which is designed to temperature control, in particular to cool and / or heat, a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium in at least one "temperature control circuit". The temperature control system can have a heat transfer medium. The temperature control system essentially consists of a battery housing, a heat transfer device and a pump. The temperature control system can have a collecting container. The temperature control system can have an electronic control and / or regulating unit.

[0019] Preferably, the temperature control power required by a traction battery can be provided by means of a temperature control system and transported into and / or out of a battery housing by a designated heat transfer medium by changing its temperature in a temperature control circuit.

[0020] In a temperature control circuit, the pump can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the battery housing. The pump can be arranged directly or indirectly in the flow direction of the heat transfer medium upstream or downstream of the fluid inlet of the battery housing. The battery housing can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the collecting tank. The collecting tank can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the pump.

[0021] Individual components of the temperature control circuit can optionally be connected to each other by pipes. This allows the components of the temperature control circuit to be arranged at different positions within a motor vehicle.

[0022] Functionally connected components of the temperature control circuit can also be arranged directly adjacent to one another, so that individual, several or all lines can be dispensed with. The pump can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing and / or the collecting tank or can be part of a line between the battery housing and the collecting tank or can be part of the collecting tank or part of the battery housing. The heat exchanger can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing or can be part of the battery housing. The collecting tank can be arranged adjacent to the heat exchanger or can be part of the heat exchanger. The collecting tank can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing or can be part of the battery housing.

[0023] In particular, individual components of the temperature control circuit can be directly connected to one another in such a way that the temperature control circuit has a common, coherent structure, at least in some components, or the temperature control circuit is designed as an integral component, at least in some components. As a result, the temperature control circuit can be arranged in a motor vehicle, at least in some components, in one piece. Furthermore, a temperature control circuit designed as an integral component, at least in some components, can be particularly easily installed in a motor vehicle, removed from a motor vehicle, and replaced in a motor vehicle.

[0024] A "heat transfer medium" is understood in particular to mean a fluid which can be used to transport heat and / or cold by means of a volume flow of the heat transfer medium, wherein the heat transfer medium can have different temperature states. In particular, the heat transfer medium can be a gaseous and / or liquid substance or a gaseous and / or liquid mixture of substances.

[0025] The heat transfer medium can expediently be designed as a "dielectric" heat transfer medium. A dielectric heat transfer medium is electrically non-conductive, so that it can act as an insulator between individual bodies around which a dielectric heat transfer medium flows. In particular, electrical insulation can be formed between individual battery cells if the dielectric heat transfer medium connects them to one another.

[0026] A "battery housing" is understood in particular to mean a structure which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell and which can have at least one battery cell.

[0027] The battery housing can have a "lower region". The lower region of the battery housing can also extend over the lower 10% of a height extension of the battery housing, wherein the height extension is understood to mean the absolute height extension from the lowest point of the battery housing to the highest point of the battery housing, preferably over the lower 20% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height extension and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height extension.

[0028] The fluid inlet of the battery housing can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the battery housing.

[0029] The fluid drain of the battery housing can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the battery housing.

[0030] The lower region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate the liquid heat transfer medium located in the battery housing.

[0031] In the particularly preferred embodiment of a temperature control system designed for two-phase immersion cooling, the lower region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate a liquid phase of the heat transfer medium. Preferably, a mixed phase and / or a gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium can be accommodated in a region above the lower region of the battery housing. In other words, an evaporation device can be arranged above the lower region of the battery housing.

[0032] The battery housing may have an "upper region". The upper region of the battery housing may also extend over the upper 10% of the height of the battery housing, preferably over the upper 20% of the height, more preferably over the upper 30% of the height, more preferably over the upper 40% of the height, and most preferably over the upper 50% of the height.

[0033] The upper region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate the gaseous heat transfer medium located in the battery housing.

[0034] It should be expressly mentioned that, in a preferred mode of operation of the temperature control system, a designated heat transfer medium can enter the battery housing through the fluid outlet of the battery housing and exit the battery housing through the fluid inlet of the battery housing. In other words, in a selected mode of operation, in particular when heating up at least one battery cell, the flow can also flow through the battery housing opposite to the direction of flow designated for cooling the traction battery.

[0035] An "evaporation device" is understood to be a device in which a material flow can be evaporated while absorbing heat. The material flow is advantageously designed as a volume flow of a designated heat transfer medium.

[0036] Further advantageously, the heat from the at least one designated battery cell of a designated traction battery is transferred to a designated liquid heat transfer medium using an evaporation device, so that the designated liquid heat transfer medium can evaporate while absorbing this heat.

[0037] In other words, in an evaporation device, heat is absorbed from the at least one designated battery cell in a designated heat transfer medium.

[0038] A "collecting container" can be understood as any container that is suitable for containing a fluid in an enclosed interior space. In particular, a collecting container can contain a liquid and / or gaseous fluid or fluid mixture. A collecting container can expediently contain a dielectric fluid and further expediently a dielectric heat transfer medium.

[0039] The collecting container can have a "lower region". The lower region of the collecting container can also extend over the lower 10% of the height of the collecting container, wherein the height extension is understood to mean the absolute height extension from the lowest point of the collecting container to the highest point of the collecting container, preferably over the lower 20% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height extension and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height extension. Furthermore, the lower region of the collecting container can extend over the lower 60% of the height extension, preferably over the lower 70% and particularly preferably over the lower 80% of the height extension of the

[0040] collection container.

[0041] The fluid drain of the collection container can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the collection container.

[0042] The fluid inlet of the collecting tank can be arranged in the lower region of the collecting tank. The lower region of the collecting tank can be designed to receive the liquid heat transfer medium located in the collecting tank.

[0043] In the particularly preferred embodiment of a

[0044] In a temperature control system designed for two-phase immersion cooling, the lower region of the collecting container can be designed to accommodate a liquid phase of the heat transfer medium. Preferably, a mixed phase and / or a gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium can be accommodated in a region above the lower region of the collecting container.

[0045] The collection container may have an "upper region". The upper region of the collection container may also extend over the upper 5% of the height of the collection container, preferably over the upper 10% of the height, more preferably over the upper 15% of the height, and again preferably over the upper 20% of the height.

[0046] The fluid inlet of the collecting tank can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the collecting tank.

[0047] The fluid outlet of the collection container can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the collection container.

[0048] The upper region of the collecting container can be designed to receive the gaseous heat transfer medium located in the collecting container.

[0049] The collection tank can be arranged below a condenser, so that the collection tank has a lower geodetic height than the condenser when used in the motor vehicle. This ensures that fluid flows from the condenser into the collection tank. In other words, it can be ensured that fluid does not remain in the collection tank.

[0050] It should be expressly mentioned that, in a preferred mode of operation of the temperature control system, a designated heat transfer medium can enter the collection tank through the fluid outlet of the collection tank and / or can exit the collection tank through the fluid inlet of the collection tank.

[0051] A "heating device" is understood to mean a device that can transfer heat to a fluid that is in operative connection with the heating device. In other words, the temperature of a fluid that is in operative connection with the heating device can be increased by heat being transferred from the heating device to the fluid.

[0052] The heating device can be designed such that the heating device is in direct operative contact with a fluid. In particular, the heating device can be designed such that the heating device, in particular the surface of the heating device, and a fluid located in the collecting container can be in direct contact with one another.

[0053] Alternatively or additionally, the heating device can be designed such that the heating device is indirectly in operative connection with a fluid.

[0054] In particular, the collecting container can have a heating device which is designed to achieve an advantageous temperature in the collecting container.

[0055] This allows the designated heat transfer medium, which is pumped into the battery housing, to enter the battery housing at an elevated temperature, so that the elevated temperature of the designated heat transfer medium can dissipate heat to at least one designated battery cell. This allows a designated battery cell to provide or absorb a high power density more quickly, even at low ambient temperatures. This can improve cold-start capability.

[0056] A "heat transfer device" is understood to mean a device designed to transfer thermal energy from one material flow to another. Preferably, the material flows of a heat transfer device are spatially separated by a heat-permeable wall.

[0057] A "condenser" is a device in which a material flow can be liquefied while releasing heat. Advantageously, the material flow is designed as a volume flow of a designated heat transfer medium.

[0058] The condenser can have a "lower region". The lower region of the condenser can also extend over the lower 10% of the height of the condenser, where the height extension is understood to be the absolute height extension from the lowest point of the condenser to the highest point of the condenser, preferably over the lower 20% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height extension and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height extension. Furthermore, the upper region of the collecting container can only extend over the lower 30% of the height extension, preferably over the lower 20% and particularly preferably over the lower 10% of the height extension of the condenser.

[0059] The fluid outlet of the condenser can be arranged in the lower region of the condenser. The fluid inlet of the condenser can be arranged in the lower region of the condenser.

[0060] The capacitor may have an "upper region". The upper region of the capacitor may also extend over the upper 5% of the height of the capacitor, preferably over the upper 10% of the height, more preferably over the upper 15% of the height, and again preferably over the upper 20% of the height.

[0061] The fluid inlet of the condenser can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the condenser.

[0062] The fluid drain of the condenser can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the condenser.

[0063] Further advantageously, a condenser transfers the heat in a designated gaseous heat transfer medium to a fluid circuit that interacts with the condenser. The fluid circuit that interacts with the condenser can be configured as the environment and / or another air conditioning circuit.

[0064] In other words, in a condenser, heat is released from a designated heat transfer medium so that the designated heat transfer medium can liquefy.

[0065] A “pump” can be understood as any type of pump designed to pump a fluid.

[0066] An “electronic control and / or regulating unit” is understood to mean a device which is designed to monitor and / or control and / or regulate the temperature control system. The electronic control and / or regulating unit can have an interface for receiving data, an interface for transmitting data and a device for processing data. In particular, the device for processing data can be designed to execute an algorithm, in particular implementing a method according to a second aspect of the invention. Preferably, the electronic control and / or regulating unit can have a device for storing data, in particular a data memory.

[0067] The electronic control and / or regulating unit can be operatively connected to the battery housing, such that a signal representing a current strength of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing can be received, in particular via the interface for receiving data. In particular, a signal representing a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing can be received from the battery management system of the traction battery.

[0068] The electronic control and / or regulating unit can be configured to control and / or regulate a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium and / or the wet steam portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing by specifying at least one manipulated variable of the temperature control system. The specification of a manipulated variable and / or the transmission of a manipulated variable can be understood as the specification of a value for the manipulated variable. The reception of a temperature and / or a wet steam portion can be understood as the reading in of at least one value for the temperature and / or the wet steam portion.

[0069] The electronic control and / or regulating unit can be operatively connected to a heating device of the collection tank, so that a control variable can be transmitted from the electronic control and / or regulating unit to the heating device. The control variable can be a heating device control variable by means of which the heating device can vary a "first temperature" of the heat transfer medium in the collection tank.

[0070] The electronic control and / or regulation unit can be operatively connected to a pump, so that a control variable can be transmitted from the electronic control and / or regulation unit to a pump. The control variable can be a pump control variable, which allows the pump to vary a heat transfer medium volume flow.

[0071] The electronic control and / or regulating unit can be operatively connected to a heat transfer device, so that a control variable can be transmitted from the electronic control and / or regulating unit to the heat transfer device. The control variable can be a heat transfer device control variable, by which the heat transfer device can vary a "second temperature" of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser.

[0072] A temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle, is proposed, which has an electronic control and regulation unit. The temperature control system proposed here can preferably be used for controlling the temperature of a traction battery using two-phase immersion cooling.

[0073] In particular, a temperature control system can be implemented in which an electronic control and regulation unit is configured to receive a state variable, in particular a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium, in particular at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, and / or a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium, in particular at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, and / or a current intensity of the at least one designated battery cell and / or a wet vapor portion of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the battery housing, in particular via the interface for receiving data, and to transmit at least one manipulated variable of the temperature control system for controlling and / or regulating the temperature control system, in particular via the interface for transmitting data,in particular for controlling and / or regulating the temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or the wet steam portion of a designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the battery housing.,

[0074] In two-phase immersion cooling, the evaporation enthalpy of a designated heat transfer medium can be used to increase the temperature control performance. This allows for a particularly efficient temperature control system that is also suitable for use with a high power density of the at least one designated battery cell.

[0075] A designated heat transfer medium can be pumped into the battery housing in the liquid state by the pump and there at least partially evaporated in the evaporation device of the battery housing, absorbing the heat from the at least one designated battery cell. In this way, in addition to the temperature change of the heat transfer medium, the evaporation enthalpy of the designated heat transfer medium can also be used to provide the required temperature control performance, so that an amount of heat can be dissipated from the at least one designated battery cell. After leaving the battery housing, the designated heat transfer medium can be liquefied again in a heat transfer device having a condenser, releasing heat. In particular, the temperature of the heat transfer medium can be further reduced after liquefaction.The liquid heat transfer medium can be pumped back into the collection tank by the pump. From there, the heat transfer medium can be pumped back into the battery housing to dissipate heat from at least one designated battery cell through evaporation.

[0076] The electronic control and regulating unit can transmit a manipulated variable which is suitable for providing the required temperature control output, in particular a required heating output and / or a required cooling output, of the temperature control system. In particular, the electronic control and regulating unit can transmit a manipulated variable as a function of the temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and / or the temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing and / or the pressure of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing and / or the current intensity of the at least one designated battery cell and / or the wet vapor portion of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the battery housing, which is suitable for being able to provide the required temperature control output, in particular the required heating output and / or cooling output, of the temperature control system.The control variable of the temperature control system can comprise a heater control variable and / or a pump control variable and / or a heat transfer device control variable.

[0077] In particular, the heater control variable and / or the pump control variable and / or the heat transfer device control variable can be dependent on one another or independent of one another.

[0078] It is understood that the electronic control and / or regulating unit can transmit the heater control variable and / or the pump control variable and / or the heat transfer device control variable in such a way that a temperature control output is always provided, whereby optimized operation for the at least one designated battery cell, in particular a particularly high power density and / or a particularly long service life of the at least one battery cell, can be achieved. Preferably, a particularly energy-efficient provision of the required temperature control output can be achieved at the same time.

[0079] The control variable can expediently comprise a heating device control variable.

[0080] A "heating device control variable" is understood to mean a control variable by which the heating device can vary, in particular increase or decrease, a first temperature of the heat transfer medium in the collecting container.

[0081] The pump can convey a designated heat transfer medium at a first temperature, in particular at an elevated temperature, from the collecting container into the battery housing. Due to its elevated temperature, the designated heat transfer medium can transfer heat to the at least one designated battery cell. This makes it possible for a designated battery cell to provide or absorb a high power density more quickly, even at low ambient temperatures, without having to accept disadvantages for its service life. This can improve cold-start capability.

[0082] The control variable can expediently comprise a pump control variable.

[0083] A "pump control variable" is a control variable by which the pump can vary, in particular increase or decrease, a heat transfer medium volume flow.

[0084] The pump can provide a designated heat transfer medium volume flow, through which constant heat dissipation and / or heat supply to the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved. This allows a temporally and spatially homogeneous temperature distribution of the at least one designated battery cell to be achieved. Furthermore, optimal temperature control of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved.

[0085] In particular, this makes it possible to achieve a temporally and spatially homogeneous temperature distribution of the at least one designated traction battery. In other words, this makes it possible to minimize a temperature difference between the hottest designated battery cell and the coldest designated battery cell and / or a temperature difference between the hottest point and the coldest point of a designated battery cell of a designated traction battery. This makes it possible to achieve optimal operation with maximum power density and, at the same time, minimal loss of service life of the at least one designated traction battery.

[0086] Preferably, by varying the first temperature of the designated heat transfer medium in the collecting container in combination with varying the heat transfer medium volume flow, a further improved temperature control, in particular heating and / or cooling, of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved.

[0087] The control variable may expediently comprise a heat transfer device control variable.

[0088] A "heat transfer device control variable" is understood to mean a control variable by which the heat transfer device can vary a second temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser.

[0089] By varying a second temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser, the temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing can be influenced. This allows a temperature at the fluid inlet of the battery housing to be adjusted. This allows temperature control, in particular cooling and / or heating, of the at least one designated battery cell to be achieved, so that, particularly at high power consumption and / or power output, optimized operation of the at least one designated battery cell with regard to service life and power consumption and / or power output can be achieved.

[0090] In particular, by varying the second temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser in combination with varying the heat transfer medium volume flow, a further improved temperature control, in particular a cooling and / or heating, of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved.

[0091] Particularly preferably, by varying, in particular by increasing or decreasing, a first temperature of the heat transfer medium in the collecting container by means of a heating device in combination with varying, in particular by increasing or decreasing, a second temperature of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser in combination with varying, in particular by increasing or decreasing, the heat transfer medium volume flow, a further improved temperature control, in particular cooling and / or heating of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved.

[0092] Optionally, the temperature control system can have a heat transfer device which has a secondary fluid circuit, wherein the heat transfer device is designed to be able to vary the second temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a secondary fluid circuit control variable, and the control variable has the secondary fluid circuit control variable.

[0093] The secondary fluid circuit can be designed as an air conditioning circuit, as a coolant circuit or can be used using the ambient air of the condenser.

[0094] The secondary fluid circuit can, in particular, be designed such that the amount of heat released or absorbed by the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer device can be influenced via the secondary fluid circuit. Thus, cooling and / or heating of the at least one battery cell can be achieved using the temperature of the secondary fluid circuit.

[0095] Preferably, the secondary fluid circuit can be designed in particular such that a second temperature of a designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser can be reached faster and / or slower via the secondary fluid circuit than a second temperature that can be reached without a secondary fluid circuit. Optionally, the temperature control system can have a heat transfer device which has a fan for conveying an air flow, wherein the heat transfer device is designed to be able to vary the second temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a fan control variable, and the control variable has the fan control variable.

[0096] The fan for conveying an air flow can in particular be designed in such a way that the amount of heat emitted by the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer device can be influenced via the fan.

[0097] Preferably, the fan for conveying an air flow can be designed in particular such that a second temperature of a designated heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser can be reached faster and / or slower via the fan than a second temperature that can be reached without a fan.

[0098] Optionally, the temperature control system can have a pump which is designed as a diaphragm pump, in particular as a diaphragm pump which is designed to change a conveying direction of the heat transfer medium.

[0099] A "diaphragm pump" is understood to be a device comprising a movable diaphragm for conveying liquids and / or gases, which is particularly insensitive to continuous stress and impurities in the conveyed material and is therefore particularly robust. In particular, the diaphragm pump can convey two-phase flows, i.e. a mixture of liquid and gaseous phases.

[0100] A further advantage of the diaphragm pump is that it can be designed to be reversible. In other words, the diaphragm pump can be designed to pump fluid in two flow directions, particularly two opposite flow directions.

[0101] A reversible diaphragm pump capable of conveying two-phase flows can, depending on the selected flow direction, convey a designated heat transfer medium from the lower area of ​​the battery housing and / or the upper area of ​​the battery housing. In other words, a designated fluid volume flow, in particular a designated heat transfer medium volume flow, can be conveyed in both directions of the temperature control circuit.

[0102] This allows a heating effect of the at least one designated battery cell to be achieved by vapor condensation within the battery housing. This allows a favorable temperature for the operation of the at least one designated battery cell with optimal power density and / or a homogeneous temperature distribution within the battery housing to be achieved more quickly.

[0103] Optionally, the temperature control system can have a sensor for determining the conductivity of the heat transfer medium.

[0104] If the proportion of a designated heat transfer medium in the temperature circuit falls below a certain value, this can affect the temperature control performance of the temperature control system.

[0105] Furthermore, the temperature control system preferably has a first sensor and a second sensor, each configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit, the first sensor being in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing and the second sensor being in fluid communication with an upper region of the battery housing. With a second sensor, the measurement accuracy of the determination of the conductivity of a medium can be increased. A property of a fluid can be determined via the conductivity. In particular, it can be determined whether contamination with other fluid components is present. Such contamination can influence the conductivity of a fluid, in particular of a heat transfer medium.

[0106] Furthermore, the temperature control system can comprise a third sensor, in particular a sensor configured to determine a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium. In particular, the third sensor can be in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing, preferably at the fluid inlet of the battery housing.

[0107] Furthermore, the temperature control system can have a fourth sensor, in particular a sensor configured to determine a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium in the temperature control system. In particular, the fourth sensor can be in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing, preferably at the fluid inlet of the battery housing.

[0108] Tests have shown that an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency can be achieved with a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 60%, preferably less than or equal to 53% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 50%. Furthermore, an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency can be achieved with a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 45%, preferably less than or equal to 40% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 35%. In particular, it has been shown that a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 50% can contribute to particularly homogeneous temperature control of the battery cell. In other words, any inhomogeneity in the temperature control of the at least one battery cell can be reduced or avoided by the wet steam proportion proposed here.

[0109] Furthermore, tests have shown that an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency is achieved with a wet steam content of greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 10%, more preferably greater than or equal to 20% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 35%. Furthermore, an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency is achieved with a wet steam content of greater than or equal to 45%, preferably greater than or equal to 50% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 53%.

[0110] The wet vapor fraction can be calculated using a heat balance, in particular a heat balance around the battery housing. A heat loss input of this designated battery cell can be calculated from a current flowing through a designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing and a temperature of this designated battery cell. As an alternative to a temperature of this designated battery cell, a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium can be used, in particular a pressure at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, preferably in combination with a temperature of the heat transfer medium, in particular a temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing. From a heat balance, together with a designated heat transfer medium volume flow, the wet vapor fraction of a designated heat transfer medium can be determined, in particular the wet vapor fraction at the fluid outlet of the battery housing.The designated heat transfer medium volume flow can be generated and adjusted by the pump, in particular by changing a pump control variable. The wet steam fraction can be adjusted by the pump, in particular the wet steam fraction at the fluid outlet of the battery housing, in particular by varying the heat transfer medium volume flow, in particular by changing a pump control variable. This calculation of the wet steam fraction can be transferred to a traction battery having a plurality of battery cells.

[0111] In particular, the wet vapor fraction in the two-phase range can be determined from a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium, in particular the pressure of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, and a current that flows through a designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing. At a constant temperature of the designated heat transfer medium in the two-phase range, the specific heat capacity of the designated heat transfer medium depends on the pressure of the designated heat transfer medium. Together with the heat transfer medium volume flow, the amount of heat absorbed can thus be determined. On the basis of test data with the specific heat transfer medium, in particular test data taking into account the proportion of heat transfer medium in the fluid or the foreign component alongside the heat transfer medium, the specific heat capacity of the fluid and from this the wet vapor fraction of the fluid can be determined.

[0112] Since the thermal energy of the liquid portion of the heat transfer medium that can be absorbed by a temperature change is small compared to the thermal energy that can be absorbed by evaporation of the heat transfer medium, the wet vapor portion can be determined, in particular with a good approximation, without determining a temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium, in particular a temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, in particular the wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing. A temperature sensor, in particular a temperature sensor at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, can increase the accuracy of determining the wet vapor portion of the designated heat transfer medium.

[0113] The temperature control system is preferably characterized by the following features: a three-way valve is arranged between the condenser of the heat transfer device and the battery housing; the three-way valve is at least indirectly fluidically connected to the collecting container; the three-way valve is designed to provide a fluid connection between the battery housing and the condenser and / or a fluid connection between the battery housing and the collecting container as a function of a three-way valve control variable; and the control variable comprises the three-way valve control variable.

[0114] A "three-way valve" is a device that has three ports through which a flowing fluid can be directed. In particular, the three-way valve can be designed to be controllable, so that a fluid can be directed depending on the control of the three-way valve.

[0115] The three-way valve can be connected directly or indirectly to the battery housing and / or to the capacitor and / or the collecting container. In particular, the three-way valve can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing and / or the capacitor and / or the collecting container or can be part of a line between the battery housing and the capacitor and / or a line between the battery housing and the collecting container. The three-way valve can be part of the battery housing and / or the capacitor and / or the collecting container. In particular, the three-way valve can be designed as an integral component together with the battery housing and / or the capacitor and / or the collecting container.

[0116] The three-way valve can fluidly connect the fluid outlet of the battery housing with the condenser and / or fluidly connect the battery housing with the collecting tank in the designated flow direction. If the three-way valve fluidly connects the battery housing with the collecting tank, the three-way valve can guide the designated heat transfer medium past the heat transfer device and the condenser so that the heat transfer medium does not flow through the heat transfer device and the condenser. In other words, the designated heat transfer medium can be guided by the pump from the collecting tank to the battery housing and from there via the three-way valve back into the collecting tank. Since the designated heat transfer medium is not guided through the condenser, it does not give off any heat there.In addition, the heat transfer medium can be heated by the heat given off to the heat transfer medium by the at least one designated battery cell. The heat transfer medium therefore absorbs heat from the designated battery cell each time it flows past the at least one designated battery cell. This increases the temperature of the heat transfer medium. In other words, the at least one designated battery cell is no longer actively cooled by the temperature control circuit. This means that the at least one designated battery cell can be brought more quickly into a temperature state in which a high power density can be provided. The cold start capability of the battery system can thus be improved.

[0117] The three-way valve can fluidically connect the battery housing with the condenser and the collecting tank, so that part of the designated heat transfer medium volume flow can be guided first through the condenser and then into the collecting tank, and a complementary part of the heat transfer medium volume flow can be guided past the condenser into the collecting tank. In other words, an intermediate state can be set between the fluid connection between the battery housing and the condenser and the fluid connection between the battery housing and the collecting tank. This allows the temperature control performance of the temperature control system to be adjusted in even finer increments. This can be used advantageously, particularly during the transition from the phase utilizing the cold start capability to the control operation of the temperature control system.

[0118] With a reversible diaphragm pump, the flow direction of a designated heat transfer medium can be adjusted so that a heating effect of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved by vapor condensation within the battery housing. This allows a favorable temperature for the operation of the at least one designated battery cell with optimal power density and / or a homogeneous temperature distribution within the battery housing to be achieved more quickly.

[0119] Alternatively, the temperature control system may comprise a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The second three-way valve may be arranged between the pump and the battery housing. The second three-way valve may be fluidly connected to the pump with its first port, to the battery housing with its second port, and to the collection container with its third port. The first three-way valve may be fluidly connected to the battery housing with its first port, to the heat transfer device with its second port, and to the pump with its third port.

[0120] The electronic control and / or regulating unit can be operatively connected to the first three-way valve and / or the second valve. In particular, the electronic control and / or regulating unit can transmit the first three-way valve actuating variable to the first three-way valve and / or transmit a second three-way valve actuating variable to the second valve. The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable in such a way that the heat transfer medium can be conveyed by the pump via the first three-way valve into the battery housing, in particular through the fluid outlet of the battery housing into the battery housing. From the battery housing, the heat transfer medium can be conveyed back into the collecting container through the second three-way valve. In other words, the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium through the battery housing can be reversed.In this way, a heating function can be achieved for at least one battery cell designed to be accommodated in the battery housing.

[0121] Alternatively, the temperature control system can have a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The first three-way valve can be fluidly connected to the battery housing with its first connection, to the heat exchanger with its second connection and to the third connection of the second three-way valve with its third connection. The second three-way valve can be arranged between the heat exchanger and the collecting tank. The second three-way valve can be fluidly connected to the heat exchanger with its first connection, to the collecting tank with its second connection and to the third connection of the first three-way valve with its third connection. The arrangement of the first and second three-way valve proposed here makes it possible for the designated heat transfer medium to optionally flow around the condenser.The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be combined in a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, so that they form a structural unit.

[0122] A structural unit of a plurality of three-way valves in the form of a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, can also be advantageously transferred to a different arrangement and also a different number of three-way valves.

[0123] The temperature control system can have a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve. The temperature control system can have a first connecting element and / or a second connecting element. The third three-way valve and / or the fourth three-way valve can be arranged between the pump and the collecting container. The third three-way valve can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the second connection of the fourth three-way valve, with its second connection to the collecting container and with its third connection to the third connection of a second connecting element. The fourth three-way valve can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the third connection of a first connecting element, with its second connection to the first connection of the third three-way valve and with its third connection to the pump.

[0124] The first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be designed as a three-way valve or as a T-piece or as another connecting element with three connections. The first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be arranged between the battery housing and the pump. The first connecting element can be fluidically connected to the battery housing with its first connection, to the first connection of the second connecting element with its second connection and to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve with its third connection. The second connecting element can be fluidically connected to the second connection of the first connecting element with its first connection, to the pump with its second connection and to the third connection of the third three-way valve with its third connection.The third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve can, in particular in operative connection with the first connecting element and the second connecting element, advantageously reverse the designated flow direction of the designated heat transfer medium in the temperature control system, wherein the delivery direction of the pump can remain the same.

[0125] The first three-way valve and / or the second three-way valve and / or the third three-way valve and / or the fourth three-way valve and / or the first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable in such a way that the designated heat transfer medium, in particular the liquid designated heat transfer medium, can be pumped by the pump from the battery housing into the collecting container. As a result, gaseous designated heat transfer medium can be sucked from the collecting container, in particular gaseous heat transfer medium generated by a heating device in the collecting container, into the battery housing. In other words, the pumping direction of the designated heat transfer medium through the battery housing can be reversed, in particular using a conventional pump.The gaseous designated heat transfer medium thus conveyed into the battery housing can condense on at least one designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing. This allows this designated battery cell to be heated, in particular heated particularly quickly. In particular, a heating function with pronounced phase heating can be achieved.

[0126] The third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve can be combined in a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, so that they form a structural unit. In this case, the multi-way valve has a fluid connection to the collecting container and a fluid connection to the pump, in particular to a suction side of the pump. The first and / or the second connecting element can also be integrated into the above multi-way valve, whereby the multi-way valve has a fluid connection to the battery housing and / or a second fluid connection to the pump, in particular to a pressure side of the pump.

[0127] It is understood that the electronic control and / or regulating unit can transmit the heater control variable and / or the pump control variable and / or the heat transfer device control variable, in particular the secondary fluid circuit control variable and / or the fan control variable, and / or the three-way valve control variable in such a way that a temperature control power is always provided, whereby an operation optimized for the at least one designated battery cell, in particular a particularly high power density and / or a particularly long service life, in particular with particularly energy-efficient temperature control, can be achieved.

[0128] The temperature control system can expediently be designed to limit an electrical power of the at least one battery cell.

[0129] Preferably, the available electrical power of the at least one designated battery cell can be limited, in particular set to zero, if the temperature of the at least one designated battery cell is so high that the at least one designated battery cell could thermally escalate if the temperature continues to rise.

[0130] The electronic control and regulation unit can be designed to receive a temperature of the at least one designated battery cell and to transmit a signal that is suitable for limiting an electrical power of the at least one designated battery cell to a device that is suitable for limiting the electrical power of the at least one designated battery cell, in particular to the battery management system.

[0131] Optionally, the temperature control system can have a safety valve to prevent negative pressure in the temperature control circuit.

[0132] A "safety valve" is any valve that can equalize pressure in pressurized systems when a specified overpressure is exceeded and / or a specified underpressure is undershot. In particular, a safety valve can be designed to protect a pressurized system from damage by equalizing the pressure.

[0133] Temperature fluctuations can cause pressure changes in a temperature control system. This can affect the temperature control system's efficiency. In particular, the cooling efficiency can be negatively affected by low temperatures and the resulting lower pressure in the temperature control system.

[0134] The safety valve can open to the environment in the event of negative pressure in the temperature control system, allowing a medium from the environment of the safety valve to enter the temperature control device and limiting the minimum pressure in the temperature control system, thus preventing mechanical failure of a component of the temperature control system.

[0135] The safety valve can be designed so that, at a negative pressure in the temperature control system compared to the environment of the temperature control system, the maximum negative pressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.03 N / mm 2 preferably less than or equal to 0.02 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0 , 015 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0 , 0125 N / mm 2 . Furthermore, the safety valve can be designed so that the maximum negative pressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.01 N / mm 2preferably less than or equal to 0.0075 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.005 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.0025 N / mm 2 .

[0136] The temperature control system is conveniently equipped with a safety valve to prevent overpressure in the temperature control circuit.

[0137] The safety valve can open to the environment in the event of overpressure in the temperature control system, allowing a medium to escape from the temperature control system into the environment and limiting the maximum pressure in the temperature control system.

[0138] The safety valve can be designed so that, in the event of an overpressure in the temperature control system compared to the environment of the temperature control system, the maximum overpressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.31 N / mm 2 preferably less than or equal to 0.285 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.265 N / mm 2and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.25 N / mm 2 . Furthermore, the safety valve can be designed so that the maximum overpressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.235 N / mm 2 preferably less than or equal to 0.22 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.2 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.175 N / mm 2 .

[0139] The temperature control system may have a filling device.

[0140] A "filling device" is any device for filling a temperature control system with a fluid. In particular, a filling device is a device with which a temperature control system can be filled with a designated heat transfer medium.

[0141] The filling device can preferably be arranged above the battery housing. Furthermore, the filling device can preferably be arranged below a safety valve. The filling device can preferably be arranged between the heat transfer device and the collecting container. Particularly preferably, the filling device can be arranged adjacent to the collecting container, again preferably in the upper region of the collecting container. Finally, the filling device can be arranged integrally with the collecting container, preferably in the upper region of the collecting container.

[0142] The temperature control system may include a drainage device.

[0143] A "drainage device" is any device for draining a fluid from a temperature control system. In particular, a drainage device is a device for draining a designated heat transfer medium from a temperature control system.

[0144] The drainage device can preferably be arranged at the point with the lowest geodetic height of the temperature control system. The drainage device can preferably be arranged in the lower region of the battery housing. Further preferably, the drainage device can be integrally connected to the lower region of the battery housing.

[0145] One or more components of the temperature control system can be arranged within the motor vehicle, in particular the battery housing of the traction battery and / or the collecting container and / or the heat transfer device and / or the pump.

[0146] According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method for tempering a tempering system, in particular a tempering system according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the following steps: determining a temperature of at least one battery cell; and / or

[0147] - Determining a current strength of at least one battery cell; and / or

[0148] - Determining a wet vapor content at the fluid outlet of a battery housing; and

[0149] - Determining a state of the at least one battery cell, in particular determining whether there is a heating requirement, a cooling requirement or a fault.

[0150] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0151] “Heating requirement” is understood to mean a state in which a temperature of at least one battery cell is below a temperature required for optimal operation of the at least one battery cell, in particular for maximum power density for power consumption and / or power output with minimal influence on the service life of the at least one battery cell.

[0152] “Cooling requirement” is understood to mean a state in which a temperature of at least one battery cell is above a temperature required for optimal operation of the at least one battery cell, in particular for maximum power density for power consumption and / or power output with minimal influence on the service life of the at least one battery cell.

[0153] A "fault case" is understood to mean a state in which a temperature of at least one battery cell is above a maximum temperature for safe operation, in particular a temperature for operation without thermal overload of the at least one battery cell. Here, a method for temperature control of the temperature control system is proposed, in particular of the temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention, which can determine a state, in particular a heating requirement and / or a cooling requirement and / or a fault case, of at least one battery cell based on a temperature of at least one battery cell and / or a wet vapor component at the fluid outlet of the battery housing.

[0154] In the cooling requirement state, a required cooling output can be determined from a temperature of at least one battery cell and an energy input, in particular an electrical power consumption and / or an electrical power output, of a battery cell. An energy input can be determined from the product of the square of the current applied to a battery cell and an internal resistance of this battery cell. An internal resistance of at least one battery cell can be stored in a device for storing and retrieving data as a function of a temperature of a battery cell and / or an SOG (state of charge) of a battery cell. In this way, an internal resistance of a battery cell and thus an energy input can be determined as a function of an SOG and / or a temperature of a battery cell.Using the energy input for a battery cell determined in this way and the temperature of the battery cell, the currently required cooling capacity can be determined. On the basis of the cooling capacity determined in this way, a heat transfer medium volume flow can be set via a pump. By determining the proportion of wet vapor at the fluid outlet of a battery housing, the determined cooling capacity can also be physically checked for plausibility and, in the event of a deviation, a maintenance requirement can be reported. The cooling capacity determined in this way can be provided via a heat transfer device, in particular a condenser and, furthermore, in particular via a secondary fluid circuit that is operatively connected to the condenser.By means of the method, after determining a fault case, the second temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser can be controlled and / or regulated, in particular minimized, in particular by specifying a corresponding heat transfer device control variable, in particular by specifying a corresponding secondary fluid circuit control variable or by specifying a corresponding fan control variable and / or by specifying a corresponding pump control variable.

[0155] In the event of a fault, the cooling capacity of a temperature control system can be controlled and / or regulated by controlling and / or regulating a second temperature at the fluid outlet of the condenser. In particular, the cooling capacity of a temperature control system can be maximized by minimizing the second temperature at the fluid outlet of the condenser. Particularly preferably, the temperature at the fluid inlet of a battery housing can be minimized by minimizing the second temperature at the fluid outlet of the condenser.

[0156] By means of the method, after a fault has been determined, the electrical power of the at least one battery cell can be limited, in particular completely limited.

[0157] By limiting, in particular by completely limiting, the electrical power of at least one battery cell in the event of a fault, it can be prevented that the at least one battery cell can thermally escalate if the temperature continues to rise.

[0158] The method may comprise the following steps after determining a heating requirement:

[0159] - by specifying a corresponding heating device control variable, the heating device is controlled and / or regulated, in particular activated; and / or - by specifying a corresponding three-way valve control variable, a fluid connection is provided between the battery housing and a collecting container, wherein the designated heat transfer medium is bypassed by the condenser; and / or

[0160] - by specifying a corresponding pump control variable, the wet steam portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing is controlled and / or regulated, in particular minimized.

[0161] By activating the heating device, a designated heat transfer medium in the collecting tank can be heated. Alternatively, a suitably controlled three-way valve can be used to direct a designated heat transfer medium from the collecting tank through the battery housing, in particular bypassing the condenser, and back into the collecting tank. This allows the designated heat transfer medium to heat up with each cycle. Alternatively, by specifying a corresponding pump control variable, the wet vapor content in the fluid outlet of the battery housing can be regulated and / or controlled, in particular minimized, in particular by condensing the designated heat transfer medium in the battery housing. A heating effect can thus be achieved.

[0162] The method may comprise the following steps after determining a cooling requirement:

[0163] - by specifying a corresponding pump control variable, the wet steam portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing is controlled and / or regulated, in particular optimised; and / or

[0164] - by specifying a corresponding heat transfer device control variable, in particular by specifying a corresponding secondary fluid circuit control variable or by specifying a corresponding fan control variable, the second temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser is controlled and / or regulated. A wet steam component at the fluid outlet of the battery housing can be controlled and / or regulated in an optimized manner by specifying a pump control variable so that the temperature control system can operate particularly energy-efficiently.

[0165] By specifying a secondary fluid circuit control variable or a fan control variable, the amount of heat dissipated by a heat transfer medium volume flow in the condenser can be adjusted, in particular maximized or minimized. This also allows a second temperature of the heat transfer medium at the fluid outlet of the condenser to be controlled and / or regulated, in particular minimized.

[0166] The method can comprise a control system for tempering the tempering system, which can be model-based at least in some areas.

[0167] Model-based control can achieve time-variable control, in particular real-time control and / or model-predictive forward-looking control.

[0168] It should be expressly pointed out that the subject matter of the second aspect can be advantageously combined with the subject matter of the preceding aspect of the invention, both individually or cumulatively in any combination.

[0169] According to a third aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention and / or configured to carry out a method according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0170] It is understood that the advantages of a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention and / or a method according to the second aspect of the invention, as described above, extend directly to a motor vehicle having a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention and / or configured to carry out a method according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0171] It should be expressly pointed out that the subject matter of the third aspect can be advantageously combined with the subject matters of the preceding aspects of the invention, both individually or cumulatively in any combination.

[0172] Further advantages, details, and features of the invention will become apparent from the following exemplary embodiments. In particular, they show:

[0173] Figure 1: a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0174] Figure 2: a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0175] Figure 3: a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0176] Figure 4: a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0177] Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a temperature control system.

[0178] In the following description, identical reference numerals designate identical components or identical features, so that a description given with reference to one figure regarding a component also applies to the other figures, thus avoiding repetitive description. Furthermore, individual features described in connection with one embodiment can also be used separately in other embodiments.

[0179] A first embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 1 essentially consists of a battery housing 20, a heat transfer device 50, a collecting container 30 and a pump 60.

[0180] The temperature control system 10 can be configured to temperature control a traction battery (not shown) of a motor vehicle (not shown) with a heat transfer medium 120 in a temperature control circuit (not labeled).

[0181] The battery housing 20 can have an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell, wherein a lower region of the battery housing 20 can be designed to receive the heat transfer medium 120 and the battery housing 20 can have an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium.

[0182] The heat transfer device 50 may have a condenser and may be designed to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium 120 to a fluid that is in operative connection with the heat transfer device 50.

[0183] The collecting container 30 can be designed to hold the heat transfer medium 120. The collecting container 30 can have a heating device 31.

[0184] With the temperature control system 10 designed in this way, two-phase immersion cooling can be carried out.

[0185] The heat transfer device 50 can be fluidly connected to the battery housing 20 at least indirectly via a first line 130 and at least indirectly via the second line 140 to the collecting container 30. The collecting container 30 can be fluidly connected to the battery housing 20 at least indirectly via a third line 150. The pump 60 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the collecting container 30, in particular in the third line 150. As a result, the pump 60 can pump the heat transfer medium 120 from the collecting container 30 into the battery housing 20 and into the heat transfer device 50 and back again into the collecting container 30. In this way, cooling of at least one battery cell specifically accommodated within the battery housing 20 can be achieved.

[0186] The temperature control system 10 can also have an electronic control and / or regulating unit 40, which is configured to receive a temperature of the at least one battery cell and / or a wet vapor component at the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20. The electronic control and regulating unit 40 can be configured to transmit a manipulated variable for controlling and / or regulating the temperature of the at least one battery cell and / or the wet vapor component at the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20.

[0187] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the battery housing 20 at least indirectly via a first data line 200 and / or at least indirectly via a second data line 210 to the pump 60. Furthermore, the electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the heat transfer device 50 at least indirectly via a third data line 220 and / or at least indirectly via a fourth data line 230 to the heating device 31.

[0188] Components that are functionally related to one another can also be arranged directly adjacent to one another, so that individual, several, or all data lines can be dispensed with. Components that are functionally related to one another can also be functionally related without being arranged adjacent to one another.

[0189] In particular, the electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the battery housing 20 such that the electronic control and / or regulating unit can receive a temperature of the at least one battery cell and / or a wet vapor component at the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20. Preferably, the electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the heating device 31 and / or the pump 60 and / or the heat transfer device 50 such that the electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can transmit a manipulated variable to the heating device 31 and / or the pump 60 and / or the heat transfer device 50.

[0190] The temperature control system 10 can also have a drainage device 110. The drainage device 110 can be arranged at the lowest point of the temperature control system 10. The drainage device 110 can be arranged in the lower region of the battery housing 20. The temperature control system 10 can also have a filling device 80. The filling device can be arranged above the battery housing 20.

[0191] A second embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 2 can have a sensor 100, in particular a sensor 100 arranged at the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20, which can be designed to be able to determine the conductivity of a designated heat transfer medium 120.

[0192] The temperature control system 10 can have a second sensor 101, in particular a second sensor 101 arranged at the fluid inlet of the battery housing 20, which can be designed to be able to determine the conductivity of the designated heat transfer medium 120.

[0193] Furthermore, the temperature control system 10 can have a third sensor 102 and / or a fourth sensor 103. In particular, the third sensor 102 and the fourth sensor 103 can be arranged at the fluid inlet of the battery housing 20. The third sensor 102 can be configured to determine a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium 120. The fourth sensor 103 can be configured to determine a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium 120.

[0194] The temperature control system 10 can have a pump 60, which can be designed as a diaphragm pump 61. The pump 60, 61 can be designed to provide a variable heat transfer medium volume flow depending on a pump control variable. Furthermore, the diaphragm pump 61 can be designed to change the pumping direction.

[0195] The depiction of the pump 60 is not decisive for the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium 120. In other words, the pump can be configured to convey in two opposing conveying directions.

[0196] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be configured to control and / or regulate the wet steam portion of the heat transfer medium 120, in particular upon exiting the battery housing 20, by specifying the pump control variable.

[0197] A third embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 3 can have a three-way valve 70 that can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the heat transfer device 50, in particular in the first line 130. The three-way valve 70 can be at least indirectly fluidically connected to the battery housing 20 through its first connection and to the heat transfer device 50 through its second connection. With its third connection, the three-way valve 70 can be at least indirectly fluidically connected to the collecting container 30 via the fourth line 160.

[0198] The three-way valve 70 can also be designed to be controllable. In particular, the three-way valve 70 can be designed to be controllable such that the heat transfer medium 120 can be pumped by the pump 60, 61 from the collecting container 30 into the battery housing 20 and from there back into the collecting container 30. In other words, the three-way valve 70 can be designed to be controllable such that the heat transfer medium 120 is guided past the heat transfer device 50, in particular is not pumped through the heat transfer device 50. This makes it possible to achieve a heating function of the temperature control system 10.

[0199] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the three-way valve 70, in particular at least indirectly via a fifth data line 240.

[0200] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be configured to control the three-way valve 70 by specifying a three-way valve control variable when the at least one battery cell requires heating, so that the heat transfer medium 120 is bypassed by the heat transfer device 50.

[0201] The temperature control system 10 can have a safety valve 90 to protect against negative pressure and / or overpressure. The safety valve 90 can be arranged at the highest point of the temperature control system 10; in particular, the safety valve 90 can be arranged in the upper region of the collecting container 30. The filling device can be arranged below a safety valve 90.

[0202] A fourth embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 4 can have a valve 190, which can be arranged between the pump 60, 61 and the battery housing 20. In particular, the valve 190 can be designed as a three-way valve. The valve 190 designed as a three-way valve can be fluidly connected to the pump 60, 61 with its first connection, fluidly connected to the battery housing 20 with its second connection, and fluidly connected to the collecting container 30 with its third connection, in particular at least indirectly via a sixth line 180. In this embodiment, the three-way valve 70 can be fluidly connected to the pump 60, 61 with its third connection, in particular at least indirectly via a fifth line 170.

[0203] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the valve 190, in particular at least indirectly via a sixth data line 250.

[0204] The three-way valve 70 and the valve 190 can also be designed to be controllable. In particular, the three-way valve 70 and the valve 190 can be designed to be controllable such that the heat transfer medium 120 can be conveyed by the pump 60, 61 via the three-way valve 70 into the battery housing, in particular through the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20 into the battery housing. From the battery housing 20, the heat transfer medium 120 can be conveyed through the valve 190 back into the collecting container 30. In other words, the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium 120 through the battery housing 20 can be reversed. This makes it possible to achieve a heating function for the at least one battery cell. A fifth embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 5 can have a three-way valve 70 and a second three-way valve 71.The three-way valve 70 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the heat transfer device 50, in particular in the first line 130. The second three-way valve 71 can be arranged between the heat transfer device 50 and the collecting container 30, in particular in the second line 140. The three-way valve 70 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the battery housing 20, with its second connection to the heat transfer device 50, and with its third connection to the third connection of the second three-way valve 71. The second three-way valve 71 can be arranged between the heat transfer device 50 and the collecting container 30.The second three-way valve 71 can be fluidly connected to the heat transfer device 50 with its first connection, fluidly connected to the collecting container 30 with its second connection, and fluidly connected to the third connection of the three-way valve 70 with its third connection, in particular via the fourth line 161. The second three-way valve 71 is connected to the electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 via the eleventh data line 340.

[0205] The temperature control system 10 can have a third three-way valve 72 and a fourth three-way valve 73. The temperature control system 10 can have a first connecting element 300 and / or a second connecting element 310. The third three-way valve 72 and / or the fourth three-way valve 73 can be arranged between the pump 60, 61 and the collecting container 30, in particular in the third line 150. The third three-way valve 72 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the second connection of the fourth three-way valve 73, with its second connection to the collecting container 30, and with its third connection to the third connection of a second connecting element 310. The fourth three-way valve 73 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the third connection of a first connecting element 300, with its second connection to the first connection of the third three-way valve 72 and with its third connection to the pump 60, 61.

[0206] The first connecting element 300 and / or the second connecting element 310 can be designed as a three-way valve or as a T-piece or as another connecting element with three connections. The first connecting element 300 and / or the second connecting element 310 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the pump 60, 61, in particular in the third line 150. The first connecting element 300 can be fluidically connected with its first connection to the battery housing 20, with its second connection to the first connection of the second connecting element 310 and with its third connection to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve 73. In particular, the first connecting element 300 can be fluidically connected with its third connection via the ninth line 320 to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve 73.The second connecting element 310 can be fluidly connected by its first connection to the second connection of the first connecting element 300, by its second connection to the pump 60, 61, and by its third connection to the third connection of the third three-way valve 72. In particular, the second connecting element 310 can be fluidly connected by its third connection to the third connection of the third three-way valve 72 via the tenth line 330.

[0207] The three-way valve 70 and / or the second three-way valve 71 and / or the third three-way valve 72 and / or the fourth three-way valve 73 and / or the first connecting element 300 and / or the second connecting element 310 can be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable in such a way that the designated heat transfer medium 120, in particular the liquid designated heat transfer medium 120, can be conveyed by the pump 60, 61 from the battery housing 20 into the collecting container 30. As a result, gaseous designated heat transfer medium 120 can be sucked from the collecting container 30 into the battery housing 20. In other words, the conveying direction of the designated heat transfer medium 120 through the battery housing 20 can be reversed, in particular with a conventional pump 60. The gaseous designated heat transfer medium 120 thus conveyed into the battery housing 20 can condense on at least one designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing 20.This allows the designated battery cell to be heated, particularly rapidly. In particular, a heating function with pronounced phase heating can be achieved.

[0208] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the three-way valve 72, in particular at least indirectly via a seventh data line 260.

[0209] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the three-way valve 73, in particular at least indirectly via an eighth data line 270.

[0210] The electronic control and / or regulating unit 40 can be operatively connected to the first connecting element 300, in particular at least indirectly via a tenth data line 290, in particular if it is designed as a three-way valve.

[0211] The electronic control and / or regulation unit 40 can be operatively connected to the first connecting element 310, in particular at least indirectly via a ninth data line 280, in particular if it is designed as a three-way valve.

[0212] 10 Tempering system

[0213] 20 battery cases

[0214] 30 collection containers

[0215] 31 Heating device

[0216] 40 Electronic control and / or regulation unit

[0217] 50 Heat transfer device

[0218] 60 pump

[0219] 61 Diaphragm pump

[0220] 70 three-way valve

[0221] 71 Second three-way valve

[0222] 72 Third three-way valve

[0223] 73 Fourth three-way valve

[0224] 80 filling device

[0225] 90 Safety valve (against negative / positive pressure)

[0226] 100 sensors

[0227] 101 Second sensor

[0228] 102 Third Sensor

[0229] 103 Fourth sensor

[0230] 110 Drainage system

[0231] 120 heat transfer medium

[0232] 130 First line

[0233] 140 Second line

[0234] 150 Third Line

[0235] 160 Fourth line

[0236] 161 Fourth line

[0237] 170 Fifth Line

[0238] 180 Sixth Line

[0239] 190 valve

[0240] 200 First data line

[0241] 210 Second data line

[0242] 220 Third data line

[0243] 230 Fourth data line

[0244] 240 Fifth data line 250 Sixth data line

[0245] 260 Seventh data line

[0246] 270 Eighth data line

[0247] 280 Ninth data line 290 Tenth data line

[0248] 300 First connecting element

[0249] 310 Second connecting element

[0250] 320 Ninth Line

[0251] 330 Tenth Line 340 Eleventh Data Division

Claims

Patent claims 1. Temperature control system (10) for temperature control of a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium (120) in a temperature control circuit, comprising: - a battery housing (20) comprising an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium (120), which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for at least one battery cell, wherein a lower area of ​​the battery housing (20) is designed to receive the heat transfer medium (120); - a collection container (30) for receiving the heat transfer medium (120), in particular a collection container (30) in operative connection with a heating device (31) for heating the heat transfer medium (120), in particular with a heating device (31) which is designed to be able to vary a first temperature of the heat transfer medium (120) in the collection container (30) depending on a heating device control variable; - a heat transfer device (50) comprising a condenser for cooling the heat transfer medium (120), in particular a heat transfer device (50) which is designed to be able to vary a second temperature of the heat transfer medium (120) at a fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a heat transfer device control variable; - a pump (60) for pumping the heat transfer medium (120), in particular a pump (60) which is designed to be able to vary a heat transfer medium flow rate depending on a pump control variable; and - an electronic control and / or regulating unit (40) wherein the electronic control and / or regulating unit (40) is for receiving a temperature, in particular a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium and / or a The temperature of at least one designated battery cell, and / or current of at least one designated battery cell and / or wet steam content at the fluid outlet of the battery housing (20), and is set up to control and / or regulate the temperature of at least one designated battery cell and / or wet steam content at the fluid outlet of the battery housing (20) by specifying at least one control variable of the temperature control system (10).

2. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control variable comprises the heating device control variable.

3. Temperature control system (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the control variable comprises the pump control variable.

4. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control variable comprises the heat transfer device control variable.

5. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 4, characterized by the following features: - the heat transfer device (50) has a secondary fluid circuit, wherein the heat transfer device (50) is configured to be able to vary the second temperature of the heat transfer medium (120) at the fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a secondary fluid circuit control variable; and - the manipulated variable has the secondary fluid circuit manipulated variable .

6. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 4, characterized by the following features: - the heat transfer device (50) has a fan for conveying an airflow, wherein the heat transfer device (50) is configured to be able to vary the second temperature of the heat transfer medium (120) at the fluid outlet of the condenser as a function of a fan control variable; and - the control variable indicates the fan control variable.

7. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump (60) is a diaphragm pump (61), in particular a diaphragm pump (61) which is designed to change the direction of flow of the heat transfer medium (120).

8. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) has a sensor for determining the conductivity of the heat transfer medium (120).

9. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a three-way valve (70) is arranged between the condenser of the heat transfer device (50) and the battery housing (20); - the three-way valve (70) is at least indirectly fluid-connected to the collection tank (30); - the three-way valve (70) is configured to provide a fluid connection between the battery housing (20) and the capacitor and / or a fluid connection between the battery housing (20) and the collection tank (30), depending on a three-way valve control variable; and - the control variable represents the three-way valve control variable.

10. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) is used for Limitation of electrical power of at least one battery cell.

11. Method for temperature control of a temperature control system ( 10 ), in particular a temperature control system ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10 , comprising the following steps: - Determining the temperature of at least one battery cell; and / or - Determining the current of at least one battery cell; and / or - Determining a wet steam fraction in the fluid outlet of a battery casing ( 20 ); and - Determining the state of at least one battery cell, in particular determining whether there is a heating requirement, a cooling requirement or a fault condition.

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that, after determining a fault case, the second temperature of the heat transfer medium (120) at the fluid outlet of the condenser is controlled and / or regulated, in particular minimized, in particular by specifying a corresponding heat transfer device control variable, in particular by specifying a corresponding secondary fluid circuit control variable or by specifying a corresponding fan control variable and / or by specifying a corresponding pump control variable.

13. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that, after determining a fault case, the electrical power of the at least one battery cell is limited, in particular completely limited.

14. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that after determining a heating requirement - by specifying a corresponding heating system control variable, the heating system (31) is controlled and / or regulated, in particular activated; and / or - by specifying a corresponding three-way valve control variable, a fluid connection is provided between the battery housing ( 20 ) and a collection tank ( 30 ), whereby the designated heat transfer medium ( 120 ) is routed past the capacitor; and / or - by specifying an appropriate pump setting value, the wet steam content at the fluid outlet of the battery housing ( 20 ) is controlled and / or regulated, in particular minimized .

15. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that after determining a cooling requirement - by specifying a corresponding pump control variable, the wet steam fraction at the fluid outlet of the battery housing ( 20 ) is controlled and / or regulated, in particular optimized; and / or - by specifying a corresponding heat transfer device control variable, in particular by specifying a corresponding secondary fluid circuit control variable or by specifying a corresponding fan control variable, the second temperature of the heat transfer medium ( 120 ) at the fluid outlet of the condenser is controlled and / or regulated.

16. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that a control for temperature control of the temperature control system ( 10 ) is at least partially model-based.

17. Motor vehicle comprising a temperature control system ( 10 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and / or equipped for carrying out a method according to any one of claims 11 to 16 .

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