Method for adjusting a timepiece movement with the aim of promoting and / or balancing the restarting thereof

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for adjusting a regulating system (100) comprising: - an oscillator (2) comprising an inertial element (21) pivoted about a pivot axis and a return spring (22), in particular a balance (21)-hairspring (22) oscillator, and - an escapement (3), in particular a dual-impulse escapement, in particular a Swiss lever escapement (3), the adjustment method comprising, with the aim of promoting and / or balancing the restarting of the regulating system: - a step of adjusting the guide-mark setting, in particular to a non-zero value, and / or - a step of adjusting the input penetration of a pallet pin (31) into an escapement wheel (32), and / or - a step of adjusting the output penetration of the pallet pin into the escapement wheel.

Description

[0001] Process of adjusting a watch movement in order to facilitate and / or balance its restarting.

[0002] The invention relates to a method for adjusting a regulating system in order to promote and / or balance its restart. The invention also relates to a regulating system obtained by implementing such an adjustment method. The invention further relates to a watch movement obtained by implementing such an adjustment method. The invention finally relates to a timepiece comprising such a watch movement or such a regulating system.

[0003] Restarting a watch movement when it has stopped, either due to the barrel spring being unwound or due to the action of a stop-second device during a time-setting operation, is not straightforward. Indeed, a sufficiently high torque must be applied by the escapement wheel to the anchor, and the escapement must also be in a configuration that allows the anchor to transmit an impulse to the oscillator that can restart its oscillations. In practice, a slight movement applied to the watch, which causes the oscillator's balance wheel to rotate, is often necessary for the oscillator to oscillate again and thus for the watch movement to restart. Furthermore, it appears that some types of escapement restart more easily than others.

[0004] Restarting has received very little consideration in the watchmaking field until now, but is important for the wearer of the watch. Indeed, the wearer wants to wind his timepiece a minimum to restart it, and also wants to avoid having to apply an acceleration movement to his timepiece to facilitate restarting. Document CH716421A2 proposes a system to facilitate restarting, particularly in the case of a tourbillon. A stop cam is provided to stop the balance in a well-defined angular position different from the dead center of the oscillator, so as to facilitate restarting of the oscillator.

[0005] Document CH716525A1 provides a restart system for an oscillator with flexible reed pivoting. A mechanical impulse mobile, powered by an energy source, is activated when the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator is zero or less than a given value, in order to transmit energy to the oscillator.

[0006] Document CH717217A2 describes a mechanism for "softly" restarting a balance-spring oscillator by applying, using an additional mechanism, a movement to the balance.

[0007] The aim of the invention is to provide an adjustment method for improving the restarting of a stopped watch movement and for improving the watch movements known from the prior art. In particular, the invention proposes an adjustment method for facilitating the restarting of a stopped watch movement.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the invention, an adjustment method is defined by claim 1.

[0009] Modes of carrying out a determination method are defined by claims 2 to 8.

[0010] According to a first aspect of the invention, a regulating system is defined by claim 9. According to a first aspect of the invention, a watch movement is defined by claim 10.

[0011] According to a first aspect of the invention, a timepiece is defined by claim 11.

[0012] According to another aspect of the invention, in particular according to an aspect complementary to the invention, objects are defined by the following propositions:

[0013] 1. Method for determining, in particular calculating, a reference value of an oscillator (2), in particular of an oscillator comprising an inertial element (21) pivoted about a pivot axis and a return spring (22), in particular of a balance wheel (21)-hairspring (22) oscillator, in a watch movement (200), the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0014] Set the oscillator in oscillating motion relative to a frame (99) of the watch movement,

[0015] Position the watch movement in at least two positions determined in relation to the direction of Earth's gravitation,

[0016] For each position, determine a data relative to the oscillator reference point (2),

[0017] Use the data from the previous step to determine a value of the reference frame of the oscillator (2), in particular an oriented value of the reference frame and / or a function defining the oriented value of the reference frame according to the position of the watch movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation. Method according to proposition 1, characterized in that the reference value is a time value. Method according to one of the preceding propositions, characterized in that the oscillator comprises an oscillation axis forming an angle of at least 2° or at least 3° with the direction of Earth's gravitation:

[0018] - in one of the positions of the positioning step of the watch movement, or

[0019] - in some of the positions of the positioning step of the watch movement, or

[0020] - in all positions of the step of positioning the watch movement. Method according to one of the preceding proposals, characterized in that at least one of the determined positions is such that the angle between:

[0021] - the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto a plane (P) of the watch movement, and

[0022] - an orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the plane (P) of the watch movement, is zero or has an absolute value less than 5° or has an absolute value less than 10°, and / or in that at least one of the determined positions is such that the angle between:

[0023] - the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto the plane (P) of the watch movement, and

[0024] - an orthogonal projection of the direction of terrestrial gravitation or on the plane (P) of the watch movement, is 90° or has an absolute value between 85° and 95° or has an absolute value between 80° and 100°. Method according to one of the preceding proposals, characterized in that at least two determined positions are vertical positions of the watch movement and / or are positions having an angle of approximately 90° between them around an axis perpendicular to the frame. Method according to one of the preceding proposals, characterized in that the function defining the oriented value of the reference frame according to the position of the watch movement is defined as a sinusoidal function or a polynomial function or a Bézier function or a spline function best corresponding to the data relating to the reference frame of the oscillator.Method according to one of the preceding proposals, characterized in that it comprises a step of determining an oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (3). Method according to the preceding proposal, characterized in that it comprises a step of using the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (2) to determine an angular value of the reference frame. Method according to one of the preceding proposals, characterized in that the determinations of the data relating to the reference frame of the oscillator (2) and / or oscillation amplitudes of the oscillator (2) are carried out by processing acoustic signals or by processing acoustic and optical signals. Method for adjusting an oscillator (2), characterized in that it comprises a phase of implementing the method according to one of the preceding proposals and a phase of adjusting the value of the reference frame of the oscillator (2).

[0025] 11. Method for adjusting an oscillator (2), characterized in that it comprises a phase of positioning the watch movement in a predetermined position and a phase of adjusting the value of the reference mark to a zero value or to a non-zero value in this predetermined position.

[0026] 12. Adjustment method according to proposition 10 or 11, characterized in that the phase of adjusting the value of the reference mark comprises a displacement of a support for fixing a spiral spring relative to a frame (99).

[0027] According to yet another aspect of the invention, objects are defined by the following propositions:

[0028] 13. Method for adjusting a regulating system (100) comprising:

[0029] - an oscillator (2), in particular a balance oscillator (21) - balance spring (22), and

[0030] - an escapement (3), in particular a double impulse escapement, in particular a Swiss anchor escapement (3), the adjustment method comprising, in order to promote and / or balance the restarting of the regulating system:

[0031] - a step of adjusting the reference mark, in particular to a non-zero value, and / or

[0032] - a step of adjusting the entry penetration of an anchor (31) into an escape wheel (32), and / or

[0033] - a step of adjusting the exit penetration of the anchor in the escape wheel. Adjustment method according to proposition 13, characterized in that the step of adjusting the reference mark comprises a sub-step of positioning the regulating system (100) according to a given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field. Adjustment method according to proposition 14, characterized in that the step of adjusting the reference mark comprises a sub-step of adjusting the reference mark to a value, in particular to the zero value, while the regulating system (100) is positioned according to the given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field. Adjustment method according to one of proposals 13 to 15, characterized in that the non-zero adjustment value of the reference mark is between -3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°, or the modification of the reference mark is between -3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°.Adjustment method according to one of proposals 13 to 16, characterized in that the step of adjusting the entry penetration of the anchor into the escape wheel comprises:.

[0034] - a sub-step of measuring the entry penetration, then

[0035] - a sub-step of controlled displacement of an input pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, for example a controlled displacement of less than 20 pm of the input pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, then

[0036] - a sub-step of securing the entry pallet to the rest of the anchor. Adjustment method according to one of proposals 13 to 17, characterized in that the step of adjusting the exit penetration of the anchor into the escape wheel comprises:

[0037] - a sub-step of measuring the exit penetration, then

[0038] - a sub-step of controlled movement of an output pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, for example a controlled movement of less than 20 pm of the output pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, then

[0039] - a sub-step of securing the output pallet to the rest of the anchor. Adjustment method according to one of proposals 13 to 18, characterized in that the adjustment method comprises, prior to the adjustment step, a step of defining the adjustment to be carried out, this step of defining the adjustment comprising:

[0040] - a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the input restart torque and measuring or determining or estimating the output restart torque or a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the difference in restart torque between input and output, and

[0041] - a sub-step of using the measurements or determinations or estimations of torques to determine, in particular by calculation, the nature and intensity of the adjustment to be applied to the regulating system (100). Adjustment method according to proposition 19, characterized in that the sub-step of using the measurements or determinations or estimations of torques comprises the use of the following formula:

[0042] Mred=M0+apxp+arxr with

[0043] - Mred: the difference in restart torque (between the input restart torque and the output restart torque),

[0044] - p: the difference in penetration between the entry penetration and the exit penetration,

[0045] - r: the reference point,

[0046] - MO, ap and ar: constants.

[0047] 21. Control system (100) obtained by implementing the control method according to one of proposals 13 to 20.

[0048] 22. Clock movement (200) comprising a regulating system (100) according to proposition 21.

[0049] 23. Timepiece (300), in particular wristwatch, comprising a watch movement (200) according to proposition 22 and / or a regulating system (100) according to proposition 21.

[0050] The attached drawings represent, by way of example, mechanisms on which the methods according to the invention are implemented and illustrate phenomena on which the methods according to the invention are based.

[0051] Figure 1 is a time graph illustrating the vibrations detected at the escapement of a timepiece during one period of oscillation of a timepiece balance wheel.

[0052] Figure 2 is a schematic view of a timepiece seen as an example from the back side on which the methods which are the subject of the invention can be applied. Figure 3 is a view of an architecture of a watch movement seen as an example from the dial side detailing the orientation of a regulating system.

[0053] Figure 4 is a graph showing the input and output restart torque variations of five watch movements with different penetration values, with the restart torque variations being plotted as a function of the reference setting.

[0054] Figure 5 is a graph showing the variations in input and output restart torque differentials of five watch movements with different penetration value differentials, with the variations in restart torque differentials being plotted as a function of the reference setting.

[0055] An embodiment of a timepiece 300 is described below in detail with reference to FIG. 2. The timepiece 300 is for example a watch, in particular a wristwatch. The timepiece 300 comprises a watch movement 200, on which a dial 50 is advantageously fixed. The watch movement is intended to be mounted in a timepiece case or box in order to protect it from the external environment. The watch movement 200 may be a mechanical watch movement, in particular an automatic watch movement, or a hybrid watch movement.

[0056] The 200 watch movement includes a 99 frame and a 100 regulating system.

[0057] The regulating system 100 comprises an oscillator 2 and an escapement system, such as a Swiss anchor escapement 3. Oscillator 2 comprises:

[0058] - an inertial element 21, such as a pendulum 21, and

[0059] - a return spring 22, such as a spiral spring 22.

[0060] The escapement comprises an escape wheel 32 and an anchor 31, the anchor cooperating:

[0061] - on the one hand with oscillator 2, and

[0062] - on the other hand with the escape wheel 32.

[0063] The line that connects the pivot points of the balance spring and the pivot axis, in other words which connects:

[0064] - the pivot axis of the inertial element, in particular the sprung balance, and

[0065] - the pivot axis of the escapement anchor,

[0066] (in a plane perpendicular to these axes), is usually called the line of centers L.

[0067] Principles and work on the notion of reference point

[0068] Although the reference mark is measured by the watchmaker as a time interval, Figure 2 shows that the reference mark is defined by the angular offset between the neutral points of the escapement and the oscillator. For historical reasons, this quantity is expressed in milliseconds [ms] and thus characterizes half the time difference between two successive vibrations. In practice, this time depends on the speed of passage of the oscillator and therefore on its amplitude and frequency.

[0069] The applicant's work has shown that the measured value of the reference mark depends on the amplitude of the watch movement as well as its position during the measurement. These findings have led to a redefinition of the reference mark (notions of signed reference mark and geometric reference mark), to the development of procedures for measuring the sign and the value of the reference mark, as well as to the development of applied processes exploiting these notions.

[0070] Historically, the reference point has always been a zero or positive quantity expressed in [ms], which corresponds to the absolute time difference between the equilibrium position of the oscillator (defined by the direction passing through the center of the balance wheel pin at rest and the balance wheel pivot axis) and the line of the centers of the balance wheel and anchor pivots, with a setting target at zero.

[0071] Following the applicant's work, it finally appears interesting:

[0072] - to consider the reference as a value which can be negative, zero or positive (signed or oriented reference);

[0073] - to measure the reference as an angle, in [°] or [rad] for example (geometric reference);

[0074] - to measure the reference mark, experimentally, in several vertical positions to determine its sign and to deduce the reference mark at the midpoint (i.e. the average of the reference marks in four vertical positions spaced 90° apart);

[0075] - to orient the watch movement precisely when setting the reference mark (or adjusting the reference mark) so that the reference mark set in this orientation coincides with the reference mark at the midpoint.

[0076] Physically, the reference frame is a quantity centered on zero, whose sign depends on the direction of the angular shift. As it is measured today, the reference frame is unsigned. Apart from the fact that this quantity therefore does not follow a normal distribution, it presents a risk of leading to false conclusions about a difference or drift in the value of the reference frame between two states, in particular between two measurements of the same watch movement at two different times, such as before and after an adjustment operation or a shock test or exposure to a magnetic field. For example, one may conclude that there is zero drift when in reality it is the (unknown) sign that has changed, or conclude that there is a systematic drift between two states when it is only a dispersive effect at the level of the watch movement.

[0077] It therefore appears desirable to establish a physical definition of the reference frame in the form of a signed geometric quantity. First, the reference frame can be made amplitude invariant by applying a conversion that takes into account the amplitude recorded during the measurement. Then, the sign of this quantity can be determined in several non-invasive ways, without having to modify the position of the piton holder (and therefore disturb the reference frame) as has been done until now.

[0078] From a geometric point of view, the reference corresponds to the angular offset (measured in rotation or pivot angle of the inertial element, in particular the balance) between:

[0079] - the line of the exhaust centers, and

[0080] - a line passing through the center of a projecting element such as a roller pin or a finger cooperating with the anchor and the axis of the inertial element, in particular the balance wheel, in the position of the inertial element for which the return spring, in particular the balance spring, applies zero torque. In other words, the reference frame can be expressed as an oriented angle of position of the inertial element around its pivot axis. As mentioned above, the reference frame has historically been defined and measured in milliseconds. This time corresponds to the angular offset mentioned above, and will depend on the speed of the inertial element at the neutral point, and therefore on its amplitude and frequency. Ultimately, the lower the amplitude, the greater the time difference over two vibrations.The objective of switching to a geometric reference frame is to relate a time difference on a periodic function to an angular difference, which is constant and representative of the direct physical cause of the shift. Taking into account the amplitude at the instant of measurement therefore has the effect of making the reference frame constant over the entire discharge of the barrel or despite a drift in the amplitude over time.

[0081] A mathematical development with a small angle approximation allows the geometric reference frame to be expressed as an angle by the following formula:

[0082] Rg=TTXfxRtxA with:

[0083] Rg: geometric reference [°] f: oscillator frequency [Hz], A: Amplitude [°] of the movement of the inertial element, and Rt: Time reference [s].

[0084] The reference can therefore be expressed as an angular quantity or as a temporal quantity.

[0085] Conversely, the variation of the reference frame as a function of the amplitude can be expressed by:

[0086] Rt(A)=(sin' 1 (Rg / A)) / (iTxf) « Rg / (Axirxf) for Rg / A small

[0087] It thus appears clearly that the time reference is proportional to the inverse of the amplitude of the movement of the inertial element. Another important aspect concerns the sign of the reference. Based on the equation (t1 -t2) / 2, it appears that the reference can be positive or negative depending on the values ​​of t1 and t2. In practice, acoustic measuring equipment does not dissociate the alternations between the input and output functions. As a result, this quantity is always communicated as an absolute value.

[0088] This convention not only poses problems in the statistical analysis of the data (the data obtained have a non-Gaussian distribution), but also in the adjustment of the reference frame and in understanding the phenomena impacting the reference frame, such as shock drift, phenomena induced by exposure to magnetic fields or any other dispersive effect. Knowing the sign or orientation of the reference frame thus presents a real benefit.

[0089] For example, at the level of the watch movement, we choose the following convention: the reference point is defined as positive when the line of the neutral point of the oscillator has a positive angular offset (counterclockwise or trigonometric direction seen from the back side, i.e. the FH direction) with respect to the line of centers passing through the pivot point of the anchor axis and the pivot point of the oscillator axis. Otherwise, it will be negative.

[0090] Thus, in the example in Figure 2, moving a stud holder counterclockwise as seen from the caseback (direction FH) corresponds to making the reference mark more positive. This definition remains valid if the watch movement includes another means of adjusting the reference mark instead of the traditional stud holder. Generally speaking and based on the formulas above, the time and geometric reference marks will have the same sign, with time t1 corresponding to the alternation on the output function and t2 to the alternation on the input function. The sign is positive for t1 > t2. Of course, these sign conventions depend on the orientation of the center line, the geometry of the escapement, or even the architecture of the watch movement. However, it is easy to establish a convention by analogy for each caliber.

[0091] Until now, the direction or sign or orientation of the marker could only be determined by moving the piton holder in a given direction and measuring the evolution of the marker, which led to the loss of the initial setting of the marker. Indeed, the methods known until then did not allow the sign of the marker to be known without carrying out several successive adjustments and measurements.

[0092] Although never used before, the sign of the reference frame is essential information for analyzing this quantity and for making adjustments to the watch movement. As detailed below, several techniques are possible to determine the sign, including several acoustic measurements, an opto-acoustic measurement, an analysis of a raw signal, a measurement in a non-Galilean reference frame, etc.

[0093] The embodiment of the method for determining the reference mark set out below exploits the radial play of the pivot of the inertial element. The applicant's data reveal that this play has an influence on the reference mark: the latter varies greatly depending on the vertical orientation of the watch movement (for example, depending on the watch positions 3H, 6H, 9H, 12H). A digital adjustment makes it possible to determine the sign and the value of the reference mark, according to a model that is particularly simple to implement with known equipment, in particular with acoustic measuring equipment.

[0094] Method for determining a reference value

[0095] A method of executing a method for determining a signed reference mark in a watch movement is detailed below. The method can use acoustic measurements made in several positions, in particular in the four vertical watch positions. Based on a theoretical model that exploits the play of the pivot of the inertial element and conventions, it is possible to sign reference results initially measured in absolute terms. The principle consists of comparing and adjusting a sinusoidal regression function that best corresponds to the reference mark measurements obtained in different positions, for example, that best corresponds to four reference mark measurements obtained in different vertical positions.

[0096] Generally speaking, to determine, in particular to calculate, a reference value of the oscillator 2, in the clock movement 200, the method comprises at least the following steps:

[0097] Set the oscillator in oscillating motion relative to the frame 99 of the watch movement,

[0098] Position the watch movement in at least two distinct and defined (or determined) positions relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation,

[0099] For each position, determine, in particular by measurement and processing, data relating to the reference point of oscillator 2, in particular an absolute value of the reference point of oscillator 2, Use the data from the previous step to determine the value of the reference point of oscillator 2, in particular to calculate:

[0100] - an oriented value of the oscillator 2 reference frame, and / or

[0101] - a function defining the oriented value of the oscillator 2 reference frame according to the position of the clock movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation.

[0102] The positions are defined, that is to say the orientations of the clockwork in space are known.

[0103] The reference value is an oriented value or a signed value, that is, a value that can be positive or negative.

[0104] The reference value can be a time value, especially a time value expressed in milliseconds. Such a value is dependent on the frequency of the oscillator and the amplitude of the oscillations of the inertia element!.

[0105] Preferably, the reference value may be a geometric value, in particular an angle value expressed for example in degrees. Such a value has the advantage of being independent of the frequency of the oscillator and the amplitude of the oscillations of the inertial element.

[0106] The method is implemented while the oscillator is in motion. Indeed, in the method, various actions are implemented, including measurements, while the oscillator is in motion. Thus, the method includes a step of setting the oscillator in motion. This can be ensured by winding the barrel so that it stores sufficient energy to ensure nominal operation of the watch movement.

[0107] The watch movement is positioned successively in at least two determined positions, that is, distinct and defined, relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation. For example, these positions may include reference watch positions where the watch movement is vertical, in particular a 3 o'clock position, a 6 o'clock position, a 9 o'clock position, a 12 o'clock position or any intermediate vertical position between two of the vertical positions mentioned above.

[0108] The method can be implemented by positioning the watch movement in several distinct positions relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation.

[0109] Horizontal clock positions, especially FH and CH positions, are not desirable for implementing the determination method.

[0110] For each position, a piece of data relating to the reference frame of oscillator 2 is determined. For example, acoustic data is used to determine, in particular by calculation, the reference frame data according to the formula |(t1 -t2) / 2| as seen previously. For this purpose, a measurement of a reference frame data is carried out in each of the positions. For example, a device for measuring variations in the intensity of an acoustic phenomenon is used and an acoustic signal is obtained. By processing this signal, the values ​​t1 and t2 can be determined. These values ​​are then used in a processing or calculation to determine an absolute value of the reference frame.

[0111] The simplest way to obtain landmark data is (unsigned or unoriented) landmark time data.

[0112] However, the method advantageously comprises a step:

[0113] - determination of an oscillation amplitude of oscillator 3, or

[0114] - measuring the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator, at the time when the measurement or determination of the reference data is carried out. The method also advantageously comprises a step of using the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator 2 to determine by calculation an angular data item of the reference, corresponding to the reference time data item.

[0115] If the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator does not vary or varies little during all the measurements in the different positions, it is possible to determine, in particular by measurement and calculation, the amplitude of the oscillator only once and to assume this amplitude to be constant during all the measurements carried out in the different positions.

[0116] If the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator varies during all measurements in the different positions, it is better to determine the amplitude of the oscillator in each position and to associate these different amplitude measurements with the different positions and with the different reference data obtained in the different positions.

[0117] The determination(s), in particular the measurement(s), of the amplitude may be carried out in one and / or other of the distinct and defined positions. Alternatively, the determination(s), in particular the measurement(s), of the amplitude may be carried out in any other position.

[0118] Finally, the data relating to the reference point (reference time data and possibly oscillator amplitude data) are used to determine by calculation the value of the reference point of oscillator 2, in particular to calculate:

[0119] - an oriented value of the oscillator 2 reference frame, and / or

[0120] - a function defining the oriented value of the oscillator 2 reference frame according to the position of the clock movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation.

[0121] In this step, preferably, all the obtained reference data and their opposite values ​​are used to define 2 ndata combinations (assuming that the watch movement has been positioned in n positions and that a reference value has been obtained for each position). Each of these positions is associated with an angle X (according to the NIHS 95-10 standard). We then look for the combination best correlated to a sinusoidal function expressing the reference value as a function of the angle X and we then retain this function as the expression of the reference value of the tested watch movement as a function of the angle X, that is to say as a function of the position of the watch movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation.

[0122] When we know the architecture of the watch movement, we can determine aberrant combinations as explained below. For example, we will not retain a combination indicating a minimum reference data determined in a position where the reference data should be maximum.

[0123] In cases where the position of the watch movement is neither a vertical position nor a horizontal position, the orientation angle of the watch movement X is the oriented angle formed between:

[0124] - an orientation starting from the center of the dial and pointing towards the 12 o'clock index, and

[0125] - the orthogonal projection, on the dial or on a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or on a main plane P of the watch movement or on the frame of the watch movement, of a vector parallel to the direction of Earth's gravitation and oriented upwards.

[0126] This angle is positively oriented when moving from the orientation pointing towards the 12 o'clock index to the orientation pointing towards the 3 o'clock index, i.e. by turning the dial clockwise.

[0127] Advantageously, the concept of signed reference frame is combined with that of geometric reference frame to obtain a new definition of the reference frame, which directly links the determined value to the physical cause, and which offers numerous possibilities of use to improve the chronometric performance of the watch movement, as well as to gain efficiency during assembly and adjustment operations. In particular, as seen previously, a signed geometric reference frame value is an oriented angle value. This value is independent of the amplitude of the oscillations of the inertial element and the frequency of the oscillator.

[0128] It appears that play in the watch movement, in particular radial play of the pivot of the inertial element, modifies the reference frame according to the orientation of the watch movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation. Indeed, the axis of the inertial element has a clearance (axial) and a play (radial). In a vertical position, the pivots of the inertial element will rest on the pivot stones, which will have the effect of moving the center of rotation of the oscillator relative to the frame. The orientation of the center line is also modified, thus changing the value of the reference frame. For a given caliber, for example, an estimate of the variation of the reference frame induced by the difference in position of the pivot between a centered pivot and a pivot resting on the pivot stone gives 0.76°, which corresponds to a time reference of 0.25 ms with an oscillation amplitude of 240° and an oscillator frequency of 4 Hz.A reference measurement made at close intervals throughout a complete rotation in vertical positions around an axis perpendicular to the frame and / or the dial of the watch movement makes it possible to observe a total variation of the reference of the order of 0.5 ms. This play phenomenon therefore seems to explain the variations of the reference observed in practice.

[0129] Since the reference frame depends on the position of the watch movement, it is possible to establish a model that relates these two variables. This model thus makes it possible to determine the sign of the reference frame measured in the different positions. However, it appears necessary to establish conventions so that the reasoning is always done in the same frame of reference.

[0130] We speak of orientation (À in the NIHS 95-10 standard) to designate the angular position of the watch movement in a vertical position relative to its center. 0° corresponds to the 12 o'clock position. The orientation is positive when the watch movement seen from the dial side (in the CH direction) turns counterclockwise: it goes from the 12 o'clock position (0°) to 3 o'clock (90°) and so on. The inclination ( in the NIHS 95-10 standard) corresponds to the angle defined between a vertical axis, oriented in the opposite direction to that of Earth's gravitation (Z axis in the NIHS 95-10 standard) and the plane P of the watch movement. The position seen from the dial side is defined as 90° and the position seen from the back side as -90°.

[0131] It is also appropriate to define a sign convention. We will say that the reference frame is increasingly positive when the neutral point line (passing through the pivot point of the oscillator's pivot axis and through the center of the projecting element, in particular the pin, in the rest position of the inertial element) is moved counterclockwise as seen from the FH direction, relative to the escapement line (or center line, which is the line located in the P plane of the watch movement that passes through the oscillator's pivot axis and the anchor's pivot axis). Knowing that the reference frame depends on the pivot play, it is also possible to define the orientations that correspond to the minimum and maximum data of the reference frame.

[0132] Figure 3 shows a system setting 100 on the CH side in the 12H position (λ = 0°, λ = 90°). The extreme values ​​of the reference mark must be noted when the line of centers L is in a horizontal position. Knowing that the line of centers L is inclined by 150° with respect to the 12H position, the extreme values ​​and the value of the middle reference mark are given for the following orientations (with respect to 12H):

[0133] -300° or 60°. The mark is at its minimum value.

[0134] -120° or 240°. The marker is at its maximum value.

[0135] -30° or 150°. The benchmark is at its midpoint value, which can be called the “midpoint benchmark.”

[0136] In the case where a measurement (in absolute value) indicates a significant reference value (greater than the other measured values) associated with a position where the reference should be minimal, we can deduce that the reference is negative in this position and that we must therefore consider a negative value.

[0137] It is possible to establish a theoretical model allowing the value of the reference frame to be defined as a function of the position of the watch movement relative to the direction of gravitation. As a first approximation, the reference frame follows a function of the type:

[0138] R(X)=R0xsin(X-cp)+M with:

[0139] R(X): reference point (signed or oriented) depending on the orientation of the watch movement, the reference point can be expressed temporally in [ms] or geometrically by an angle in [°] RO: amplitude of the sinusoidal function, always positive,

[0140] X: orientation of the watch movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation (0-360°), cp: phase shift determined or defined by the architecture of the watch movement, in particular determined or defined by the direction of the center line,

[0141] M: offset, positive, zero or negative (corresponds to the reference at the midpoint, i.e. when the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation on the dial or on the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or on the main plane P of the watch movement or on the frame of the watch movement is parallel to the line of centers).

[0142] Since the cp parameter is predefined based on the architecture of the watch movement, based on measured reference frame data for different positions of the watch movement, it only remains to calculate the parameters R0 and M to define the value of the reference frame of a watch movement for all its positions relative to the direction of Earth's gravitation. A solution can be obtained by the least squares method to determine by calculation a sinusoidal function that best corresponds to the data relating to the oscillator reference frame measured in different positions of the watch movement.

[0143] The parameter M corresponds to the theoretical reference frame, which the oscillator would present if the play in the pivots were zero. The term "midpoint" or "reference at the midpoint" for this parameter M can be used because it allows to describe the global or average behavior of the reference frame and is equal to the average of the reference frame values ​​obtained in four vertical positions spaced 90° apart, for example in the four vertical watch positions. As seen previously, the reference frame data obtained by measurement are all positive. However, depending on the adjustment of the watch movement, the signed reference frame data can be all positive or all negative or, if the watch movement is well adjusted to the reference frame, some positive and some negative.

[0144] For example, in a first phase, reference data are measured (in absolute value) in the four vertical control positions. Table 1 below presents the results obtained.

[0145] Table 1

[0146] In a second phase, the sign of each measure is determined. In fact, on the basis of these four measures, 2 4= 16 combinations of signed values ​​would be possible. It is necessary to determine the combination of signed values ​​that actually corresponds to the result of the test carried out on the watch movement. Due to the knowledge of the architecture of the watch movement tested, it was possible to establish that the reference data at position 3H is the value closest to the minimum and the reference data at position 9H is the closest to the maximum. Therefore, the combinations to be retained must respect the following condition: Reference(3H) < Reference(9H). In most cases, this condition makes it possible to reduce the number of solutions. Furthermore, the sign of each data can be determined by adjusting the function R(X) to the data by trying different sign combinations.The most likely solution is one that minimizes, for example, the sum of the squares of the deviations between the theoretical function R(X) and the points defined by the different combinations of data mentioned above. Other optimization or regression methods can be used.

[0147] In a third phase, the final solution is expressed in the following form, the reference values ​​being those measured, to which the sign of the values ​​calculated according to the theoretical model established using the data obtained during the test carried out on the watch movement has been added:

[0148] Table 2

[0149] Based on the established model, it is also possible to determine by calculation the value of the reference frame at the midpoint (either in the position of the watch movement where the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation on the dial - or on the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or on the main plane of the watch movement or on the frame of the watch movement - is parallel to the center line). This reference frame value at the midpoint is +0.19 ms (or 0.57° for the reference frame expressed geometrically). Thus, preferably, the function defining the oriented angular value of the reference frame according to the position of the watch movement (X orientation) can be determined as a sinusoidal function (of the X orientation of the watch movement) best corresponding to the data relating to the oscillator reference frame.Using such a sinusoidal function, it is possible to interpolate the value of the watch movement's reference mark in any of its positions (provided that the direction normal to the dial forms an angle of at least 2°, preferably at least 3°, with the direction of Earth's gravitation). It is thus possible to know a reference mark value for a position of the watch movement in which no reference mark measurement has been carried out.

[0150] The previous example clearly illustrates the limits of the traditional definition of the reference frame and the corresponding measurement (time reference frame in absolute value): the measurements in vertical positions give two values ​​close to zero (0.02 and 0.07 ms), and two values ​​close to the maximum tolerance (0.36 and 0.43 ms). It was difficult for the watchmaker to adjust the reference frame: should the watch movement be left as is based on one of the measurements close to zero obtained, or should it be corrected based on one of the other two measurements obtained? Moreover, in the case where the watchmaker decided to make a correction, what reference frame value should he try to achieve? Indeed, if the average of the signed reference frame measurements in four vertical positions is equal to the reference frame at the midpoint, this is not the case for the average of the four "standard" measurements of the reference frame in absolute value.We see that the usual injunction to "set the reference mark to zero in all positions" is simply not feasible in practice.

[0151] As indicated above, other approaches are possible for determining the sign of the reference mark, instead of or in addition to fitting the measurements with a sinusoidal function. Some basic ideas are presented below.

[0152] Distinguishing the sign by the acoustic signature As a general rule, and in particular on Swiss lever escapements, the acoustic signatures between two successive vibrations are difficult to distinguish. Therefore, acoustic equipment does not take this criterion into account. However, on certain calibers and certain types of escapement, this difference is very clear and can be used to deduce the sign of the watch movement. By pushing the concept further, the distinction of each signature specific to each caliber could be done using supervised classification algorithms (K Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine or Neural Network).

[0153] Distinction of the sign by opto-acoustic measurement

[0154] In the absence of measuring the reference frame, optical measurement (dual channels) makes it possible to know the direction of passage of the inertial element at each alternation. By combining this technology with an acoustic measurement, it becomes possible to know the direction of an alternation for each time measurement and thus to deduce the sign of the reference frame.

[0155] Distinction of the sign by excitation of the watch movement

[0156] It is generally not possible to distinguish the "tic" from the "tock" during an acoustic measurement. This problem can be overcome by carrying out a first measurement in a stationary state (fixed watch movement), then a second with an angular acceleration whose direction is known. If the acceleration is carried out with a center of rotation coinciding with that of the inertial element (non-Galilean frame of reference), the inertial element is subjected to a torque which generates an angular shift at the level of the balance spring. The value of the reference mark will then be distorted according to the angular displacement applied to the balance spring. The sign of the reference mark can be deduced by observing whether the reference mark increases or decreases during the measurement under acceleration: for example, if the reference mark increases when the plate is rotating, we will know that we are moving away from zero compared to the measurement in a stationary state. It thus becomes possible to know the sign of the reference mark.The sign of a reference frame very close to zero could however be difficult to identify. An improvement would be to apply a progressive acceleration, initially very weak to be able to detect the evolution of the measurement and possibly a change of sign when the torque increases. An alternative method consists of exciting the watch movement with a short pulse at a very precise instant, so that this disturbance is synchronous with an alternation of the watch movement, when the oscillator is close to the escapement function (in the middle of the alternation). Knowing that the orientation of the pulse is known but that the “Tick” and “Tock” alternations are to be identified, an arbitrary disturbance on one of them will generate either an increase or a decrease in amplitude. The algorithm will thus be able to associate the alternations with the direction of rotation of the inertial element. The sign of the reference frame can therefore be identified.

[0157] As seen previously, the use of the signed reference frame, in particular the signed geometric reference frame, makes it possible to determine the midpoint, i.e. the effective difference between the neutral point of the oscillator and the center line. As a reminder, the traditional measurement gives an absolute value. The applicant's results show that this reference value expressed in time depends on the amplitude, that it is therefore variable between the horizontal and vertical positions, and that it varies by typically 0.5 ms between the extreme values ​​measured in vertical positions because of the pivot play.

[0158] As seen previously, the method preferably comprises a phase of searching for a best fit of a sinusoidal function to the measurement points by trying different combinations of signs of the obtained measurement data. Such a phase can be applied in a production flow.

[0159] We can thus express the "global" reference of each watch movement through the reference at the midpoint (table 3). This demonstrates the benefit of using a signed value for the reference. Table 3 shows three cases:

[0160] The value of the reference point is far from zero and positive. The standard averages in absolute value offer a good approximation of the reference point at the midpoint, or even the correct value if we consider the average of the four vertical positions (watch movements 3, 5). This is not surprising given the elements developed above.

[0161] The value of the reference mark is far from zero and negative (watch movements 2, 4). We find the same characteristics as above, but with a sign inversion the absolute value will be systematically false. This has direct consequences on the adjustment of the reference mark: the watchmaker will for example be obliged to carry out at least two adjustment cycles and verification measurements.

[0162] The value of the reference point is close to zero (watch movement 1). In this case, the average of the values ​​differs from the average of the absolute values, inducing a significant error (a factor of 2 in the example) on the value of the reference point, which once again underlines the interest of the approach developed in this document.

[0163]

[0164] Table 3

[0165] In the embodiment described in detail above, the determination method is applied to the watch movement in vertical positions, i.e. with the axis of the inertial element in a position perpendicular to the direction of Earth's gravitation. The applicant's work shows that it is necessary to avoid implementing the determination method with the watch movement in a horizontal position. However, as soon as an angle of approximately 2°, preferably 3°, or even more can be measured between the axis of the oscillator and the direction of Earth's gravitation, the watch movement is in a position suitable for the efficient implementation of the determination method. This condition can be respected in one or some or all of the positions in which the watch movement is positioned in order to determine a reference datum.

[0166] In the case where the watch movement is neither in a vertical nor in a horizontal position, the orientation angle X of the watch movement is defined as already indicated previously, that is to say as the oriented angle formed between:

[0167] - an oriented direction starting from the center of the dial or the watch movement and pointing towards a 12H index, and - the orthogonal projection, on the dial or on the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or on the main plane of the movement or on the frame of the watch movement, of a vector parallel to the direction of Earth's gravitation and oriented upwards.

[0168] Preferably, at least one of the defined positions is such that the angle between:

[0169] - the orthogonal projection of the center line L (line connecting the oscillation axis of the oscillator and the pivot axis of the anchor 31, perpendicular to these two axes) on the dial of the timepiece or on the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or on the main plane of the watch movement or on the frame of the watch movement, and

[0170] - the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the dial of the timepiece or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, is zero or has an absolute value less than 5° or has an absolute value less than 10°.

[0171] Preferably, at least two defined and distinct positions are vertical positions of the watch movement and / or have an angle of approximately 90° between them around an axis perpendicular to the frame and / or to the dial (X axis according to the NIHS 95-10 standard) and / or have an angle of at least 90° between them. More generally, at least two defined and distinct positions are positions of the watch movement such that the difference in orientation angle X of the watch movement between these two positions is 90° or approximately 90° or at least 90°. Very advantageously, at least one first defined position of the watch movement is such that the angle between:

[0172] - the orthogonal projection of the center line L onto the dial of the timepiece or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, and

[0173] - the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the dial of the timepiece or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, is zero or has an absolute value less than 5° or has an absolute value less than 10°, and at least one second position of the watch movement is such that the difference in orientation angle X of the watch movement between these first and second positions is ±90° or approximately ±90°, and, optionally, a possible third position of the watch movement is such that the difference in orientation angle X of the watch movement between these first and third positions is ±90° or approximately ±90°, the second and third positions being distinct positions,that is to say positions such that the difference in orientation angle X of the watch movement between these second and third positions is 180° or approximately 180°.,

[0174] Advantageously, the second and third positions are therefore defined and distinct positions such that the angle between:

[0175] - the orthogonal projection of the center line L onto the dial of the timepiece or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, and - an orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the dial of the timepiece or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, is 90° or has an absolute value between 85° and 95° or has an absolute value between 80° and 100°. In such second and third positions, it is possible to measure extreme values ​​of the reference frame or values ​​close to the extreme values ​​of the reference frame.

[0176] Generally speaking, the determination of the reference value will be all the more reliable and precise as the number of measurement points is high. For a watch movement of unknown architecture, it is recommended to position the watch movement in at least three, preferably four positions, in particular in four vertical positions or positions inclined at least 2° with respect to the horizontal. When the architecture of the watch movement is known, therefore when the positions of the minima, zeros and maxima of the theoretical sinusoidal function R(X) are known, it is possible to position the watch movement in only two vertical positions (or inclined at least 2° with respect to the horizontal) and to determine the value by elimination, in particular by excluding certain sign combinations which do not respect the sign convention and / or a physical reality (resulting amplitude R0 too high).Advantageously, the measurement positions can be spaced 90° apart, or more than 90° apart, or correspond to positions for which the function R(X) has a maximum or a minimum.

[0177] Regardless of the embodiment or execution variant of the method, the determinations of the data relating to the reference mark of the oscillator 2 (absolute values ​​of time marks) and / or of oscillation amplitudes of the oscillator 2 are for example carried out by processing acoustic signals previously measured or acquired or by processing acoustic and optical signals previously measured or acquired.

[0178] Benchmark adjustment processes

[0179] Marking or setting the mark is carried out systematically on each watch movement or watch, either manually (for example by a watchmaker during after-sales service or in a manual manufacturing flow), or automatically (for example on a production machine). Until now, the absence of a sign on the mark has not only been problematic for setting the mark, but has also limited industrial control of this quantity, in particular by making statistical analyses difficult.

[0180] The usual approach to adjusting the benchmark has been to perform an iterative series of acoustic measurements. Between each measurement, the piton holder is moved by a certain angle depending on the benchmark value measured in the previous iteration, taking a bet on the direction of movement during the first cycle. By measuring the benchmark before and after correction and knowing the direction in which the piton holder was moved, it is possible to deduce, in most cases, the direction in which to correct the benchmark. Another possibility is to strongly move the piton holder in one direction so that there is no doubt about the sign of the benchmark, and adjust the benchmark accordingly. This approach is, however, laborious because it relies on several measurements and modifications of the piton holder position to arrive at the desired value iteratively.

[0181] Thanks to the solutions described above, the question of the direction of movement of the balance spring can be resolved even before the first retouching iteration, thus limiting manipulations to the stud holder. Parts immediately presenting a mark within the tolerances also do not have to be adjusted to identify the sign of the mark. To do this, for example, a series of measurements in vertical positions makes it possible to identify the sign of the mark as explained previously. Expressed as a signed geometric mark, this measurement also makes it possible to quantify the mark through the midpoint which reflects the overall behavior of the watch movement.

[0182] A mode of carrying out a method of adjusting the adjusting system 100 or the oscillator 2 is described below. The adjustment method comprises:

[0183] - a phase of implementing the method for determining the object reference of the invention, in particular a phase of implementing a mode of execution of the determination method described previously, and

[0184] - a phase of adjustment of the value of the reference of oscillator 2.

[0185] The phase of adjusting the value of the reference mark advantageously comprises a movement of a support for fixing the spiral spring relative to the escapement and / or to the frame 99.

[0186] It therefore appears effective:

[0187] - to measure the reference mark in several vertical positions, for example four positions orthogonal to each other, and

[0188] - to determine by calculation the reference point at the midpoint by adjusting a function, for example a sinusoidal function, or any suitable function such as a polynomial or Bézier or spline function, to the measurement points.

[0189] This adjustment process allows the reference frame to be adjusted in a single operation, without implementing iterative tests, and by directly targeting the correct value. The correction is all the more effective by using a determination of the signed geometric reference frame, which directly gives the correct angular value and the correct direction for the correction. This procedure of measuring the reference frame and setting it to the reference frame using the signed reference frame makes it possible to center the distributions at a correct value, as well as to control and reduce dispersions.

[0190] The adjustment process described above is robust in that it allows for reliable and accurate adjustment of any watch movement. However, this adjustment process can be improved (particularly in terms of time and means of implementation) with knowledge of the architecture and / or the type of escapement of the watch movement to be adjusted.

[0191] The applicant's work makes it possible to predict changes in the value of the reference mark of a known watch movement depending on the position on which this watch movement rests. Knowing the orientation of the regulating system in the watch movement, it is possible to determine a favorable position for adjusting the reference mark. In particular, the chosen position positions the watch movement according to a known X orientation. As a result, it is possible to determine the optimal reference mark value to be adjusted in such a position; this value may be a zero value, a maximum value, a minimum value, or any other intermediate value.

[0192] To carry out such an adjustment, the watch movement is preferably positioned so that the normal to the dial has, with the direction of Earth's gravitation, an angle 0 of at least 2°, preferably at least 3°. Any angle 0 greater than 10°, in particular greater than 30° or greater than 45°, also appears to be particularly interesting from an ergonomic point of view for a watchmaker. Thus, according to another embodiment of a method for adjusting the regulating system 100 or the oscillator 2, the following are implemented:

[0193] - a phase of positioning the watch movement in a predefined position, and

[0194] - a phase of adjusting the value of the marker to a defined value, in particular to a value of zero or close to zero, in this predefined position.

[0195] In particular, depending on the chosen position, contrary to what is known from the prior art, it is also possible to carry out a reference adjustment by trying to reach a non-zero adjustment value. By taking advantage of the influence of the orientation of the watch movement on the measurement of the reference, it is also possible to specify the orientation of the latter during the adjustment, so that a target at zero in this orientation makes it possible to reach a given value of the reference at the midpoint.

[0196] This adjustment can be implemented for any type of escapement, including the Swiss lever escapement. However, it is particularly relevant for asymmetrically functioning escapements where the marker has an influence on the running, such as the Robin escapement.

[0197] Thus, according to another mode of execution of a method of adjusting the regulating system 100 or the oscillator 2, the following are implemented:

[0198] - a phase of positioning the watch movement in a predefined position, and

[0199] - a phase of adjusting the value of the reference mark to a non-zero value in this predefined position. The phase of adjusting the value of the reference mark advantageously comprises a movement of a support for fixing the spiral spring relative to the frame 99.

[0200] Advantageously, the different modes of execution of the adjustment method can be combined.

[0201] Thanks to the adjustment method according to the invention, the watch movement can be positioned so that the angle between:

[0202] - the orthogonal projection of the center line L onto the dial or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, and

[0203] - the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the dial or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, is zero or substantially zero, and consequently, a phase of adjustment of the value of the reference can be implemented where an attempt is made to get as close as possible to a zero reference adjustment value.

[0204] Alternatively, the watch movement can be positioned in another predefined position, in particular positioning the watch movement so that the angle between:

[0205] - the orthogonal projection of the center line L onto the dial or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, and

[0206] - the orthogonal projection of the direction of Earth's gravitation onto the dial or onto the plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main plane of the watch movement or onto the frame of the watch movement, is a right angle or substantially a right angle, and consequently, a phase of adjustment of the value of the reference can be implemented where an attempt is made to get as close as possible to a non-zero reference adjustment value.

[0207] By implementing the adjustment method described above, it is possible to obtain a correctly adjusted watch movement 200 or the timepiece 300, in particular a wristwatch, correctly adjusted.

[0208] The notion of "frame" used in this document can be replaced by the notion of "module", for example if the oscillator-escapement system is mounted and / or adjusted on a watch module intended to be assembled subsequently on a frame.

[0209] Throughout this document, in order to avoid making the formulations cumbersome, the term "benchmark" can be used to mean "benchmark value".

[0210] Throughout this document, by "plane of the watch movement" or "main plane of the watch movement", we mean a plane perpendicular to the axes of the wheels of the finishing train. This plane is, for example, perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator. This plane is preferably the plane along which the watch movement extends. For example, this plane is:

[0211] - tangent to the largest surface of the frame oriented perpendicular to the axes of the moving parts of the finishing gear, or

[0212] -passes through the location of the frame at which the dial is positioned. By "determining a value" we mean a set of at least one step to establish a value or quantify a thing or phenomenon. These steps include:

[0213] - at least one measure, and / or

[0214] - at least one calculation, and / or

[0215] - at least one mathematical or logical or computer treatment.

[0216] By "determining a function" is meant a set of at least one step making it possible to establish or define the function, in particular the mathematical function, in particular and more precisely the coefficients and / or constants of said function. These steps include:

[0217] - at least one measure, and / or

[0218] - at least one calculation, and / or

[0219] - at least one mathematical or logical or computer treatment.

[0220] Adjustment process to facilitate restarting

[0221] Throughout this document, the terms "balance wheel restart", "oscillator restart", "escapement restart" and "watch movement restart" are used interchangeably.

[0222] The applicant's work has shown that restarting the escapement can be facilitated by a particular adjustment of the watch movement, in particular a particular adjustment of the regulating system.

[0223] In the case of a watch movement with a Swiss anchor escapement comprising an escape wheel and an anchor including an entry pallet and an exit pallet, it appears that there may be a difference in the restart torque of the movement depending on whether the escapement is stopped during an entry function or during an exit function (that is to say, for example, with a tooth of the escape wheel resting on the impulse plane of the entry or exit pallet, or with the beak of the entry or exit pallet resting on the impulse plane of a tooth of the escape wheel).

[0224] This restart torque is the torque to which the escape wheel is subjected (by the barrel via the gear train) just before the watch movement restarts. This torque can be measured or determined elsewhere, for example around the pivot axis of the anchor or around the rotation axis of a wheel of the gear train, in particular around the rotation axis of the seconds wheel. Restarting is encouraged by limiting or reducing these torques.

[0225] It also appeared that it is possible to modify these restart torques, in particular to modify the previously mentioned restart torque difference, by modifying:

[0226] - the reference point (whose definition, nature, determination and adjustment have been mentioned previously), and / or

[0227] - the penetrations of the pallets into the teeth of the escape wheel.

[0228] In particular, the applicant's work on finding solutions to the problem of restarting watch movements indicates that unusual, asymmetrical, or even counterintuitive adjustments of the marker and / or the penetrations of the pallets into the teeth of the escape wheel make it possible to improve the situation.

[0229] The restart problem can vary significantly from one type of escapement to another. Studies have been particularly focused on double impulse escapements, with an impulse transmitted at each alternation, such as Swiss lever escapements. However, the results and solutions from these studies can be generalized to any type of escapement where a blocker (in particular an anchor) cooperates with an escape wheel.

[0230] Having an impulse at each alternation of the oscillator means that the protruding element, such as the turntable pin, integral with the oscillator passes through a fork of the anchor in two opposite directions. Ideally, from the restart point of view, the energy transmission functions at the input pallet and at the output pallet should be the same, otherwise restarting will be easier in one direction than in the other. Energy transmission depends on the lever arm and friction, which can be different between the two functions because the geometric configuration and the orientation of the tooth-pallet force is not identical. This means that, for restarting, we should have equivalent torques (applied to the anchor and resulting from the lever arm and friction) at the input and output, to avoid having one side less favorable than the other.

[0231] In most cases, however, it is not desirable or not possible to have a balance at restart. Optimizing an escapement is a multifunctional and multifactorial problem, with a trade-off to be made between several characteristics and performance factors such as efficiency, safety features, or even isochronism. In other words, it is not desirable to size an escapement by imposing the same restart torque on the entry pallet and the exit pallet, because this would have the consequence of worsening the main performance of the escapement. In addition, the clearances of the different mobiles and the positioning of the axes in the pivots have a strong influence and vary from one watch movement to another (for the same watch movement reference).When searching for solutions, it therefore appeared relevant to adjust the watch movement to balance the restart a posteriori, that is to say once the movement has been produced.

[0232] For a Swiss anchor escapement, we note that the nominal values ​​of the pallet penetrations in the escape wheel teeth are not identical at the input and output, and that this difference induces a difference in restart torque of approximately 20% (typically, 20% less torque is needed at the output than at the input to restart the watch movement). For such an escapement, there is therefore an advantage in taking advantage of developments and targeting a different setting to optimize the restart, with minimal impact on the rate and amplitude. It appears that this different setting can affect:

[0233] - the benchmark, and / or

[0234] - the entry and exit penetrations of the pallets in the teeth of the escape wheel (entry interference between the circle centered on the axis of rotation of the escape wheel and passing through the tops of the teeth of the escape wheel and the circle centered on the pivot axis of the anchor and passing through the top of the entry pallet; respectively exit interference between the circle centered on the axis of rotation of the escape wheel and passing through the tops of the teeth of the escape wheel and the circle centered on the pivot axis of the anchor and passing through the top of the exit pallet).

[0235] In particular, it is possible to modify the only setting value of the marker to balance the restart.

[0236] The adjustment method which is the subject of the invention is applied to the regulating system 100 or to the watch movement 200 or to the timepiece 300 in order to balance and / or promote its restarting. It mainly comprises:

[0237] - a step of adjusting the reference mark, in particular to a non-zero value, and / or

[0238] - a step of adjusting the entry penetration of the anchor 31 into the escape wheel 32, and / or

[0239] - a step of adjusting the exit penetration of the anchor 31 in the escape wheel 32.

[0240] The adjustment process is, for example, implemented at the end of the manufacture of a watch movement or at the end of the manufacture of a watch fitted with a watch movement or during a chronometric adjustment or certification operation or during an after-sales service operation.

[0241] More specifically, a mode of execution of an adjustment method according to the invention is described below in detail.

[0242] Prior to the adjustment step, the adjustment process includes a step of defining the adjustment to be carried out. In other words, in this step, the nature and intensity of the adjustment to be carried out are defined.

[0243] The setting definition step may include:

[0244] - a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the input restart torque and measuring the output restart torque, or a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the difference in restart torque between input and output; and

[0245] - a sub-step of using the measurements or determinations or estimations of torques or the measurements or determinations or estimations of the differences in restart torques to determine the nature and intensity of the adjustment to be applied to the regulating system 100. In the sub-step of measuring the input restart torque and measuring the output restart torque, one can for example proceed as follows. o An operator places the watch movement in a configuration defined by the following states:

[0246] - the watch movement is stopped,

[0247] - the barrel is unwound,

[0248] - the anchor is positioned in a middle position, for example centered between its two extreme positions,

[0249] - a tooth of the escape wheel rests on the impulse plane of the entry pallet. o The operator acts to gradually wind the barrel until the watch movement restarts. o The operator notes the number of turns of the winding crown or ratchet that were necessary to restart the watch movement. o The operator then places the watch movement in a configuration defined by the following states:

[0250] - the watch movement is stopped,

[0251] - the barrel is unwound,

[0252] - the anchor is positioned in the middle position,

[0253] - a tooth of the escape wheel rests on the impulse plane of the output pallet. o The operator acts to gradually wind the barrel until the watch movement restarts. o The operator notes the number of turns of the winding crown or ratchet that were necessary to restart the watch movement.

[0254] We thus know the number of winding or ratchet turns required to restart the watch movement while the escape wheel is in contact with the entry pallet and while the escape wheel is in contact with the exit pallet. These numbers of winding turns are representative of the restarting torques. Indeed, in the configurations described, the torque provided by the barrel is an increasing (monotonic) function of the number of winding turns. It follows that by knowing the number of winding turns required to restart, we know the restarting torques. The values ​​of these torques can be determined or evaluated. We can thus know the difference in restarting torque between the entry and the exit.

[0255] In the sub-step of using the torque measurements to calculate an adjustment value to be applied to the adjustment system 100, the previously defined torque values ​​or their difference are used to determine the nature (reference adjustment and / or penetration adjustment) and the intensity of the adjustment to be applied to the adjustment system 100.

[0256] As for the nature of the adjustment, the operator can perform a reference adjustment and / or a penetration adjustment. The choice of one and / or the other of the natures can be guided by:

[0257] - the importance of the restart torque correction to be carried out, and / or

[0258] - other constraints such as, for example, reference and / or penetration limit values ​​not to be exceeded, and / or

[0259] - one type of adjustment to be preferred over another depending, for example, on the nature or structure of the exhaust.

[0260] To determine the adjustment to be made, we use, for example, the following formula:

[0261] Mred=M0+apxp+arxr with

[0262] - Mred: the difference in restart torque between the input restart torque and the output restart torque, - p: the difference in penetration between the input penetration and the output penetration,

[0263] - r: the reference (signed),

[0264] - MO, ap and ar: constants.

[0265] In fact, an analysis of measurements carried out on five movements (equipped with a Swiss anchor escapement, with broken line and thin pallets) allows us to establish a link of the form previously mentioned between restart torque, penetrations and reference.

[0266] The restart measurements were carried out at the inlet and outlet for different reference values. The restart torques at the inlet and outlet are given in Figure 4 as a function of the reference. The measurements for the inlet are connected by dotted lines, the measurements for the outlet by solid lines. The inlet and outlet penetrations are, respectively, 66 pm and 75 pm (mvt 1), 68 pm and 68 pm (mvt 2), 73 pm and 74 pm (mvt 3), 72 pm and 68 pm (mvt 4), and 70 pm and 74 pm. It can be seen that the restart performances are, to a first approximation, linear in the considered reference range (typically between -3° and +3°, or even between -8° and +8°), and are opposite between the inlet and the outlet, with a slope that can vary between the two functions depending on the exhaust design.The point where the lines (representing the input restart torques and the output restart torques) intersect corresponds to a balanced performance between input and output. Balance is achieved, on this sample of five movements, for a reference value at the midpoint between -1.1° and +1.2° depending on the parts. The equilibrium torque values ​​are between 24 and 28 pNm (torque measured at the second wheel set). From the point of view of adjustment sensitivity, on this type of movement and escapement, there is a variation in torque depending on the manual winding and the adjustment possibilities, according to the following characteristics:

[0267] - Rod turn: 3 to 4 [rod turns / pNm] (corresponding to approximately one barrel turn for this caliber);

[0268] - Penetrations: 1 to 2 [pm / pNm] or 0.5 to 1 [pNm / pm];

[0269] - Reference: 0.5 to 2 [7pNm] or 0.5 to 2 [pNm / °].

[0270] Interestingly, the position of this crossover point also depends on the penetration values: Figure 5 shows the difference in restart torque as a function of the penetration difference. We see that the balance point (torque difference of 0 pNm) depends on the difference in penetrations between the input and the output. In our case, if we take a symmetrical adjustment of the penetrations as a reference, the optimal reference point (with respect to the restart torques) is at +1°. If we accept having a penetration of +4 pm on the output compared to the input (as can be the case on certain calibers), the balance point of the restart torques is obtained with a reference point at 0°. It is therefore interesting to combine the two effects, in order to symmetrize the restart and balance the restart torques.

[0271] This combination of the two effects was analyzed by estimating restart performance. From measurements made on a population of movements, by varying the reference point and the penetrations, the formula detailed above was extracted:

[0272] Mred=M0+apxp+arxr

[0273] As an example of principle, in the case of figures 4 and 5, the restart torque difference Mred follows the formula: Mred=2.5+0.6xp-2.2xr

[0274] It is also possible to determine the distributions of the reference and penetration values ​​on a sample of movements, for example on a production batch. This makes it possible to estimate the distribution of restart torques, then, knowing the behavior of the gear train, to convert the torque into stem revolutions. This gives a projection of the restart performance of a population of watch movements.

[0275] Given the analyses carried out, it may be essential when carrying out a reference adjustment to determine it with a signed value. The methods for determining the signed reference described in detail earlier in this document are then of great importance.

[0276] In the case where the adjustment step comprises an adjustment of the reference mark, in practice, the operator moves the distal end of the balance spring of the oscillator relative to the frame 99 by rotating it relative to said frame around the axis of the oscillator by an angular value corresponding to the correction or modification of the reference mark which must be carried out. Preferably, the non-zero value of adjustment of the reference mark at the midpoint is between -3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°, or the modification of the reference mark is between -3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°.

[0277] In the case where the adjustment step comprises an adjustment of the entry penetration of the anchor 31 into the escape wheel 32, the operator moves the entry pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, this entry pallet being for example mounted clamped in the rest of the anchor and fixed to the rest of the anchor using a hot-melt resin. Thus, heating the anchor allows the separation of the entry pallet and therefore its movement relative to the rest of the anchor. Preferably, this movement is controlled using a micrometer or using a measuring system by taking a calibrated image. The entry pallet can be moved in a direction leaving it from the rest of the anchor or in a direction re-entering it into the rest of the anchor. Once the entry pallet has been moved to its target position, the anchor cools and the hot-melt resin hardens again and fixes the entry pallet in its new position relative to the rest of the anchor.The displacement of the input pallet is preferably less than 20 pm.

[0278] In the case where the adjustment step comprises an adjustment of the exit penetration of the anchor 31 in the escape wheel 32, the operator moves the exit pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, this exit pallet being for example mounted clamped in the rest of the anchor and fixed to the rest of the anchor using a hot-melt resin. Thus, heating the anchor allows the separation of the exit pallet and therefore its movement relative to the rest of the anchor. Preferably, this movement is controlled using a micrometer or using a measuring system by taking a calibrated image. The exit pallet can be moved in a direction leaving it from the rest of the anchor or in a direction re-entering it into the rest of the anchor. Once the exit pallet has been moved to its target position, the anchor cools and the hot-melt resin hardens again and fixes the exit pallet in its new position relative to the rest of the anchor.The displacement of the output pallet is preferably less than 20 pm.

[0279] Thus, for one and / or the other of the pallets, the step of adjusting the penetration of the anchor into the escape wheel can include:

[0280] - a sub-step of measuring the inlet and / or outlet penetration, then

[0281] - a sub-step of moving the corresponding pallet relative to the rest of the anchor (which may include a separation of the pallet from the rest of the anchor), in particular a sub-step of controlled movement of the corresponding pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, then

[0282] - a sub-step of securing the corresponding pallet to the rest of the anchor.

[0283] As seen previously, depending on the modification to be made in order to promote and / or balance the restart, we act on any combination of one or more of the following characteristics:

[0284] - the benchmark,

[0285] - the position of the input pallet,

[0286] - the position of the output pallet.

[0287] As seen previously, when one wishes to modify the reference frame, in the step of adjusting the reference frame, it may be interesting to position the regulating system 100 according to a given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field, in particular a given orientation in which:

[0288] - the orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational field onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the inertial element is parallel or substantially parallel to the center line (L) (that is, in particular, the two directions form an angle of less than 10° or less than 5°), and

[0289] - the pivot axis of the inertial element forms an angle of at least 2° or at least 3° with the direction of the gravitational field.

[0290] While the regulating system 100 is positioned according to the given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field, the reference mark can, for example, be set to a zero value. This is practical because it is possible to dispense with the need to know the sign of the reference mark. However, due to the operating clearances in the regulating system, the reference mark has a different and determined value when the regulating system is, after adjustment, positioned according to another orientation. This way of proceeding with the adjustment of the reference mark is possible as long as the adjustment of the desired reference mark remains approximately between ±1°. Typically, a zero reference mark value is targeted in a movement orientation such that the average reference mark or the reference mark at the midpoint (line of centers aligned with the direction of the gravitational field) takes the targeted non-zero value.

[0291] The reference frame modification can also be made without knowing precisely the value of the reference frame before correction. Indeed, the formula mentioned above indicates the modification of torque difference that is obtained for a given quantity of modification of the reference frame (independently of the original setting of the reference frame).

[0292] From the point of view of industrial production of watch movements, a nominal target for restart torque can be determined, for a batch or series or production on the basis of a few precursor watch movements.

[0293] Alternatively, part-by-part optimization can also be performed, which requires stopping the movement, measuring the necessary restart torque at the entry and exit, respectively, and then modifying the penetrations and / or the reference frame to balance the restart torques.

[0294] In summary, the process for obtaining a balanced restart is as follows, in the case where an unbalanced restart torque is measured or observed: - The input penetration is reduced or increased to modify the restart torque (according to the sign of the dependence between variation in input penetration and variation in torque between input and output); and / or

[0295] - The output penetration is increased or decreased to modify the restart torque (depending on the sign of the dependence between the variation in output penetration and the variation in torque between input and output); and / or

[0296] - The input penetration is reduced and the output penetration is increased or vice versa (depending on the sign of the dependence between variation in penetrations and variation in restart torque), in particular if the same virtual engagements are desired; and / or

[0297] - The reference frame is modified towards the input or output according to the sign of the dependence between the variation of the reference frame and the variation of the torque differential between input and output. By convention (and independently of the conventions mentioned earlier in this document), the reference frame has been oriented so that if the reference frame increases, the restart torque on the output vane also increases.

[0298] Acting on both the marker and the penetrations opens up the possibility of optimizing restart and operating safety together.

[0299] With the solutions described, it is possible, for each individual watch part, to independently adjust the marker according to the penetration values ​​measured beforehand.

[0300] The concept can in particular be applied to any type of double impulse escapement. It is all the more important for structures on which the adjustment of the penetrations is no longer possible, as in the case of a monobloc anchor for example, which removes a means of action to balance the restart between entry and exit. Setting the reference to a non-zero value is then an excellent alternative, or even the only and / or the simplest to implement. The concept can be applied to any type of escapement with direct or indirect impulses, as well as to any type of escapement with tangential impulses.

[0301] The concept can in particular be applied to any type of oscillator, in particular an oscillator formed by an oscillating system with periodic oscillations. This oscillator can be formed of an inertial element and a return spring, as in the case of an oscillator formed of a balance wheel and a balance spring, or as in the case of a flexible blade oscillator formed of an inertial element and at least two separate flexible blades which return the inertial element to a rest position and allow the pivoting of the inertial element around a pivot axis.

[0302] It is important to note that the adjustments discussed in the solutions described above have no or virtually no impact on walking.

[0303] The invention also relates to the regulating system 100 or to the watch movement 200 or to the timepiece 300 obtained by implementing the regulating method which is the subject of the invention.

Claims

Claims:

1. Method for adjusting a regulating system (100) comprising: - an oscillator (2) comprising an inertial element (21) pivoted around a pivot axis and a return spring (22), in particular a balance wheel oscillator (21) - balance spring (22), and - an escapement (3), in particular a double impulse escapement, in particular a Swiss anchor escapement (3), the adjustment method comprising, in order to promote and / or balance the restarting of the regulating system: - a step of adjusting the reference mark, in particular to a non-zero value, and / or - a step of adjusting the entry penetration of an anchor (31) into an escape wheel (32), and / or - a step of adjusting the exit penetration of the anchor in the escape wheel.

2. Adjustment method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the step of adjusting the reference mark comprises a sub-step of positioning the adjusting system (100) according to a given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field, in particular a given orientation such that the reference mark adjusted in this orientation coincides with the reference mark at the midpoint and / or such that the normal to a dial has, with the Earth's gravitational direction, an angle of at least 2°, preferably at least 3°, and / or such that the reference mark at the midpoint takes a targeted non-zero value.

3. Adjustment method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the step of adjusting the reference mark comprises a sub-step of adjusting the reference mark to a value, in particular to the zero value, then that the regulating system (100) is positioned according to the given orientation relative to the Earth's gravitational field.

4. Adjustment method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the non-zero adjustment value of the reference mark is between -3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°, or the modification of the reference mark is between - 3° and +3°, more specifically between -3° and -0.1° and between +0.1° and +3°, the reference frame being defined as a signed geometric quantity and / or as corresponding to an angular offset, measured in rotation angle of the inertial element, between: - the line of the exhaust centers, and - a line passing through the center of a projecting element and the axis of the inertial element, in the position of the inertial element for which the return spring applies zero torque.

5. Adjustment method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of adjusting the entry penetration of the anchor into the escape wheel comprises: - a sub-step of measuring the entry penetration, then - a sub-step of controlled displacement of an input pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, for example a controlled displacement of less than 20 pm of the input pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, then - a sub-step of securing the entry pallet to the rest of the anchor.

6. Adjustment method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of adjusting the outlet penetration of the anchor in the escape wheel includes: - a sub-step of measuring the exit penetration, then - a sub-step of controlled movement of an output pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, for example a controlled movement of less than 20 pm of the output pallet relative to the rest of the anchor, then - a sub-step of securing the output pallet to the rest of the anchor.

7. Adjustment method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustment method comprises, prior to the adjustment step, a step of defining the adjustment to be carried out, this step of defining the adjustment comprising: - a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the input restart torque and measuring or determining or estimating the output restart torque or a sub-step of measuring or determining or estimating the difference in restart torque between input and output, and - a sub-step of using the measurements or determinations or estimations of torques to determine, in particular by calculation, the nature and intensity of the adjustment to be applied to the regulating system (100).

8. Adjustment method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sub-step of using the measurements or determinations or estimations of torques comprises the use of the following formula: Mred=M0+apxp+arxr with - Mred: the difference in restart torque (between the torque of input restart and output restart torque), - p: the difference in penetration between the entry penetration and the exit penetration, - r: the reference point, - MO, ap and ar: constants.

9. Regulating system (100) obtained by implementing the adjustment method according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Watch movement (200) comprising a regulating system (100) according to the preceding claim.

11. Timepiece (300), in particular wristwatch, comprising a watch movement (200) according to the preceding claim and / or a regulating system (100) according to claim 9.

Images