Component, sensor system and method for monitoring a through-opening

Abstract

The invention relates to a component (10), e.g. a wall, a ceiling or a floor of a building, with a through-opening (12), comprising a sensor system (24) designed for monitoring the through-opening (12). The sensor system (24) has at least one sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) for detecting a measurement value (M1, M2, M3, M4) of the through-opening (12), wherein the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) is arranged on an inner perimeter (20) of the through-opening (12). The invention also relates to sensor system (24) and a method (1000). The invention allows for a reliable monitoring of the through-opening (12), while changes inside the through-opening (12) continue to be possible.

Description

[0001] Component, sensor system and method for monitoring a through opening

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a building element, for example a wall, ceiling, or floor of a building, with a passage opening. The building element is intended to be protected against the spread of hazards such as heat or cold, smoke, noise, or the like through the passage opening.

[0004] Cables, such as power lines or water pipes, can be passed through the opening.

[0005] The remaining passage opening can be filled with filling elements, for example fire protection bricks.

[0006] For safety reasons, such protected passage openings must be checked regularly.

[0007] To date, this verification has generally been performed manually, visually. This is very time-consuming. Furthermore, due to infrequent inspection intervals, longer periods can arise during which the proper functioning of such protection cannot be ensured.

[0008] Alternatively, there are also some sensor systems known that perform such automated inspections of the passage opening. Such systems can be installed, for example, in front of or behind the passage opening. Therefore, if new cables need to be routed through the passage opening or existing cables need to be removed from the passage opening, these sensor systems must first be removed. This can be very complex depending on how the sensor systems are mounted. It is often not possible to remove the sensor system without damaging at least part of it. This results in considerable additional costs for such subsequent modifications.

[0009] The same applies to the monitoring of other passage openings, which, for example, are filled with filling elements to protect against noise propagation or similar hazards.

[0010] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a component, a sensor system and a method which enable a simple inspection of a through-opening, wherein it is particularly desirable that subsequent changes to the through-opening can also be carried out easily.

[0011] The object is achieved by a component with a through-opening, comprising a sensor system, wherein the sensor system is configured to monitor the through-opening, wherein the sensor system has at least one sensor for detecting a measured value of the through-opening, wherein the sensor is arranged on an inner circumference of the through-opening.

[0012] The structural element can be, for example, a wall, a ceiling, or a floor of a building. The structural element can relate to building construction and / or civil engineering.

[0013] The sensor can therefore be located inside the through-hole. In particular, it cannot be mounted on the outside of the component or on elements located within the through-hole. Located on the inner circumference of the through-hole, the sensor does not interfere with subsequent changes to the filling of the through-hole. This allows unhindered access to the through-hole. Changes within the through-hole area are not affected by the sensor system.

[0014] The sensor can be configured to monitor at least one area of ​​the interior of the through opening directly or indirectly from the inner circumference.

[0015] If changes are made to the interior of the through-hole, this leads to vibrations, changes in forces and pressures, for example clamping, compressive, bending forces, or similar physical effects.

[0016] Thus, a change in the interior can be detected by the sensor(s) by the sensor detecting one or more of these physical effects.

[0017] Thus, even subsequent changes to the filling of the through-opening or generally to the condition of the through-opening can be detected, even though the sensors are arranged only at one edge of the through-opening, in particular at the inner circumference of the through-opening.

[0018] "Monitoring" can mean that at least one measured value is recorded. "Monitoring" can also include identifying changes in the measured value and / or identifying that the measured value leaves a corresponding target value range. "Monitoring" can also include triggering an action in the event of such an event, for example, a change in and / or departure from the target value range. The action can, for example, include a documentation action and / or triggering an alarm signal.

[0019] In particular, “monitoring” of the passage opening can be understood as detecting a change in the filling elements located in the passage opening.

[0020] In particular, "monitoring" may include detecting when a filler element located in the passage opening is added, removed, or modified, for example, deformed and / or changed in its position and / or orientation. Such filler elements may, for example, be fire protection elements.

[0021] Thus, such monitoring can ensure uninterrupted fire protection in a passage opening, for example, a passage opening in a wall separating two rooms, where the passage opening is sealed with fire protection elements except for any pipes or cables passing through it. In particular, the monitoring can ensure that none of the fire protection elements slip, fall out, or the like.

[0022] In general, the sensor system can be configured to record measured values ​​on the inner circumference of the through-opening in at least two opposite areas of the through-opening.

[0023] It is conceivable that one and the same sensor extends over two opposite areas.

[0024] Alternatively or additionally, the sensor system can also comprise multiple sensors. At least one of the sensors can then be located in each of the at least two opposing regions. Particularly preferably, the sensor system is configured to monitor at least two pairs of regions that are opposite one another, i.e., a total of at least four regions.

[0025] The sensor may extend over at least two opposite areas of the through-opening.

[0026] The underlying idea is that the aforementioned physical effects often have a directional effect and can thus exert opposing effects on two of the opposing areas. This allows changes in the passage opening to be detected with even greater sensitivity. Furthermore, additional information about the changes taking place in the passage opening can be obtained.

[0027] The through-opening can be filled with at least one filling element. In particular, at least one cross-sectional area of ​​the through-opening, optionally with the exception of the line cross-sections passing through the through-opening, can be filled with filling elements.

[0028] The filler element can be elastically deformable. Then, at least one cross-sectional area can be easily sealed with the filler elements by inserting the filler elements into the cross-sectional area under pressure. Elastic filler elements can also ensure a particularly secure seal for the through-opening.

[0029] It is conceivable that the filling element has at least one protective function. The filling element can, for example, be fire-retardant, heat-insulating, sound-insulating and / or fluid-tight. Smoke, heat and / or the like can thus only pass through the passage opening to a reduced extent or even not at all. Such a protective function of the filling element can be considered to be given in particular if the filling element meets a corresponding minimum requirement of a relevant performance standard, for example a relevant fire protection standard. With the help of the sensor system, it can be particularly effectively ensured that a passage opening filled with such filling elements permanently offers protection corresponding to the protective function of the filling elements.In particular, the through-opening can be monitored for undesirable changes, for example filling elements that have fallen out of the through-opening due to external influences, filling elements that are not arranged correctly or the like.

[0030] The scope of the invention further includes a sensor system for a component, wherein the component is designed as described above and / or below, wherein the sensor system comprises: at least one sensor that can be arranged on an inner circumference of the through-opening of the component, wherein the sensor is configured to detect a measured value of the through-opening.

[0031] Changes in the through-hole can be easily detected without the sensor having to directly access the changing area within the through-hole if the sensor is a pressure, stress, strain and / or force sensor.

[0032] The corresponding forces or pressures can propagate from one filling element to another. Thus, changes in the corresponding physical effects can also be detected from the inner circumference, even if changes occur inside the through-hole and away from the sensor, especially in a space not directly adjacent to the sensor.

[0033] The sensor can have an elongated shape. For example, the sensor can be strip-shaped.

[0034] It is particularly conceivable that the sensor has a strain gauge and / or a pressure-sensitive material.

[0035] The sensor can comprise a layered structure. One layer can be a protective layer. The protective layer can be designed, for example, to protect against mechanical damage such as scratches or the like. One layer can be a sensor layer. The sensor layer can be designed to record the physical effect intended for detection. The sensor layer can, in particular, be sensitive to pressure, tension, and / or bending. The sensor can be attached particularly easily to the inner circumference of the through-opening if it has at least one adhesive layer and / or a friction-increasing layer. The through-opening can also be filled with filling elements and / or lines without the sensor having to be held in place. The adhesive layer and / or the friction-increasing layer can act on the basis of adhesion.The adhesive layer and / or the friction-enhancing layer may be formed from a rubber-like material and / or from a silicone-containing material or at least comprise such a material.

[0036] The sensor can have at least one optical fiber. A beneficial feature of optical fibers is that they also allow forces or pressures acting on the sensor to be measured simultaneously at multiple locations. This can significantly simplify the evaluation of sensor signals. The use of optical fibers can also enable spatially resolved measurement of the respective physical effect along the fiber's path.

[0037] The sensor system can comprise at least two, preferably at least four, sensors. For example, if it comprises four sensors, these can be arranged on a total of four sides of the through-opening, each paired in opposite directions. Thus, shear forces, for example, can be detected in the direction of the paired sensors.

[0038] It is also conceivable to connect at least two, preferably all, sensors in series. This significantly reduces the number of cables required to and / or from the sensors. Cable clutter can be avoided. This makes the installation of the sensor system considerably simpler and faster.

[0039] Our own investigations have shown that the sensor measurement results can be highly temperature-dependent. To avoid false alarms due to such temperature dependence and, in particular, to reduce the temperature dependence of the sensor measurement results, several sensors, in particular at least four sensors, can be arranged in a Wheatstone bridge.

[0040] The sensor system can comprise a power source for supplying power. The power source can, for example, comprise a rechargeable battery. It is particularly conceivable for the power source to be wirelessly rechargeable, for example, inductively rechargeable. Furthermore, the sensor system can have a controller. The controller can comprise a microcontroller. The microcontroller can be configured to monitor the passage opening using the sensor of the sensor system.

[0041] The controller and / or the power source can be built into a housing. This protects them from environmental influences. This allows the sensor system to have a particularly long service life.

[0042] In particularly advantageous embodiments, the sensor system, in particular the controller, can have a communication module. The communication module can be and / or have a wireless communication module. It is particularly conceivable for the communication module to follow a radio standard that is particularly suitable for communication from within a building element, for example, from within a reinforced concrete wall. Preferably, the radio standard used by the communication module is also configured for particularly energy-efficient operation.

[0043] It is then possible for the sensor system to transmit recorded measured values ​​and / or detected changes in and / or at the through-opening to a remote computer system. The remote computer system can be a cloud-based computer system. It is particularly conceivable for the cloud-based computer system and / or another computer system separate from the cloud-based computer system to be configured to query a state of the sensor system and / or a through-opening assigned to the sensor system. A state of the sensor system can, for example, correspond to a charge state of the energy storage device. A state of the through-opening can, for example, correspond to a correct or incorrect arrangement of the filling elements in the through-opening.

[0044] For example, it is conceivable that a user of the other computer system could remotely retrieve the status via the cloud-based computer system. The user can then quickly and easily determine whether, for example, the passage opening is still properly filled or whether the passage opening has unacceptable gaps due to improper filling with filler elements.

[0045] The scope of the invention also includes a filling element with a sensor system according to the type described above and / or below.

[0046] At least one sensor of the sensor system can be arranged on a periphery of the filling element. Preferably, all sensors can be arranged on the periphery of the filling element.

[0047] If the filling element is brought into the through-opening, at least one sensor of the sensor system can be arranged on the inner circumference of the through-opening.

[0048] For this purpose, the filling element can have dimensions corresponding to, or at least substantially corresponding to, the internal dimensions of the through-opening where the filling element is to be arranged. In this case, "substantially corresponding" can be understood, for example, in the case of a compressible filling element, that while it may be larger than the through-opening in one dimension, it can at least be fitted into the through-opening under pressure.

[0049] The sensor(s) can be arranged on the outside, along the circumference of the filling element. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the sensor(s) are arranged on the inside, along the circumference of the filling element.

[0050] This means that a passage opening can easily be retrofitted with a sensor system, and the passage opening can also be filled with a filling element.

[0051] The filling element can be designed as a polyhedron, for example, a cuboid. It can be stackable with a tight surface.

[0052] Particularly preferably, the filling element can be and / or comprise a fire-resistant brick. The passage opening can thus be fire-protected or at least sealed with a fire-retardant finish.

[0053] Thus, a component of the type described above and / or below can be subsequently produced from a component with a through-hole by fitting the filler element, including the sensor system, into the through-hole. Depending on the type and / or size of the filler element, it is conceivable to insert one or more such filler elements into the through-hole to completely fill the through-hole.

[0054] It can be provided that at least two of the filling elements are connected to a common control unit and / or a common power source. For this purpose, the filling element can have a detachable cable connector, for example, a plug-in contact. A power supply cable of the power source can be plugged into the detachable cable connector.

[0055] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the control and / or the energy source is or are arranged inside the filling element, resulting in a particularly compact design and thus simplified installation.

[0056] Furthermore, the invention includes a method for monitoring a component, wherein the component corresponds to a component as described above and / or below. According to the method, a measured value of the through-opening of the component is measured by a sensor located on an inner circumference of the through-opening.

[0057] Two measured values ​​can be measured at at least two opposite areas of the inner circumference of the through opening.

[0058] It is particularly conceivable to generate a differential signal from measured values ​​from pairs of sensors positioned opposite each other. This allows further details about changes in a through-hole to be determined. For example, the direction of a force acting on filler elements in the through-hole can be determined. This also allows further details about the type of change to be determined, such as whether a new filler element has been added, an existing filler element has been removed, and / or a filler element has been moved.

[0059] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, based on the figures of the drawing, which illustrate details essential to the invention, and from the claims. The features shown therein are not necessarily to scale and are presented in such a way that the special features of the invention can be clearly seen. The various features can be implemented individually or in combinations in variants of the invention.

[0060] The schematic drawing shows embodiments of the invention and explains them in more detail in the following description.

[0061] They show:

[0062] Fig. 1 shows a component with a through-opening and a sensor system;

[0063] Fig. 2 shows the component according to Fig. 1 , which is connected to a user computer system via a cloud-based computer system;

[0064] Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring a passage opening.

[0065] Fig. 4 a filling element;

[0066] Fig. 5 shows a component with the filling element according to Fig. 4; and

[0067] Fig. 6 shows a circuit diagram with four sensors connected in a Wheatstone bridge.

[0068] In the following description of the figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical or functionally corresponding elements to facilitate understanding of the invention.

[0069] Fig. 1 shows a component 10 having a through opening 12 in a schematic view from the front.

[0070] The through-opening 12 is filled with filling elements 14. For reasons of clarity, only one of the filling elements is provided with a reference symbol in Fig. 1.

[0071] Cables 16, 18 run between individual filling elements 14, i.e. the fire protection bricks.

[0072] The filling elements 14 are fire-resistant bricks. They are elastically deformable. The filling elements 14 seal the interior of the passage opening 12. Thus, the passage opening 12 is designed to be fire-resistant.

[0073] Four sensors 22 of a sensor system 24 are located on an inner circumference 20 of the through-opening 12. The four sensors 22 are arranged in pairs in opposing regions of the inner circumference 20. Thus, two of the four sensors 22 are located opposite each other. The sensors 22 are interconnected via electrical connecting lines 26. The sensors 22 are electrically connected in series. A beginning and an end of this row are connected to a controller 30 of the sensor system 24 by connecting cables 28.

[0074] The sensors 22 are pressure sensors. They are particularly designed to measure compressive forces acting on them transversely to their length. For this purpose, they may comprise at least one optical fiber. Alternatively or additionally, they may also comprise at least one strain gauge.

[0075] The controller 30 has a power source 32. The power source 32 is configured to supply the sensor system 24, in particular the sensors 22 and the controller 28, with electrical energy. The power source 32 comprises a rechargeable battery. For example, it can be a lithium-based battery.

[0076] The controller 30 further includes a microcontroller 34. The microcontroller 34 includes a processor 36, a memory 38, and program code 40. The program code 40 is stored in the memory 38 and is executable on the processor 36.

[0077] The program code 40, in conjunction with the remaining microcontroller 34, is configured to evaluate measured values ​​received from the sensors 22. In particular, it is configured to detect changes within the passage opening 12 from changes in the measured values ​​of the sensors 22.

[0078] For this purpose, the program code 40 in conjunction with the processor 36 and the memory 38 is configured to form pairwise difference signals from the measured values ​​of the four sensors 22, each of two pairs of opposing sensors 22.

[0079] The controller 30 further includes a communication module 42. The communication module 42 includes a radio module for wireless communication with an external computer system.

[0080] Fig. 2 shows a schematic, perspective view of the component 10 from Fig. 1 as well as a cloud-based computer system 44 and a user computer system 46 of a user of the component 10 and its sensor system 24. In the schematic view according to Fig. 2, it can be seen that the communication module 42 is configured to transfer data from the sensor system 24 to the cloud-based computer system 44.

[0081] Data can be retrieved in whole or in part from the cloud-based computer system 44 by the user computer system 46, further evaluated and / or made available to the user.

[0082] By way of example, Fig. 2 schematically shows with a black arrow pointing from top to bottom that a compressive force F directed from top to bottom acts on the filling elements 14 in the through opening 12.

[0083] The pressure force F thus relieves the load on an upper sensor 22a, while additionally loading a sensor 22b located below. A pressure difference can thus be recorded between these two sensors 22a, 22b.

[0084] However, two laterally arranged sensors 22c, 22d remain at least largely unaffected by the pressure force F. Thus, no pressure difference is detected between these sensors 22c, 22d.

[0085] Based on the detectable pressure difference, a display 48 of the user computer system 46 outputs a negative signal with respect to a vertical direction and a positive signal with respect to a horizontal direction.

[0086] It is also conceivable that a maintenance process is triggered instead of or in addition to a negative signal. The maintenance process may include an inspection and / or repair of the component 10 and in particular of the through-hole 12.

[0087] It is further conceivable that the cloud-based computer system 44 and / or the user computer system 46 comprise at least one documentation memory. Positive and / or negative signals, as well as possibly further data, in particular data relating to the component 10 and / or the through-opening 12, can then be stored in the documentation memory.

[0088] Fig. 3 shows a method 1000 for monitoring a component 10. For the following description of the method 1000, reference is made to the previously introduced reference numerals for the respective elements of the component 10 or of the sensor system 24.

[0089] By way of example, it is assumed that the through-opening 12 of the component 10 is initially filled with filling elements 14 as shown in Fig. 1 and described in the associated description.

[0090] It is therefore explained in particular how changes to the through opening 12, assembly errors or the like can be identified and, if necessary, remedied.

[0091] In an initialization phase 1010, output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 of each of the four sensors 22 are first recorded. The output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 are stored in memory 38. This ensures that the through-opening 12 and, in particular, the filling elements 14 are in a proper condition at the time the output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 are measured.

[0092] In a test phase 1020, after a specified interval, for example 60 seconds, 22 updated measured values ​​M1, M2, M3 and M4 are read out from each of the four sensors.

[0093] The read-out measured values ​​M1, M2, M3, M4 are compared with the output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 of the respective associated sensors 22. As long as the comparison does not reveal any difference or at least no relevant difference between the output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 and the associated measured values ​​M1, M2, M3 and M4, the test phase 1020 is repeated at the start of the next interval, so that new measurements of the measured values ​​M1, M2, M3 and M4 are recorded and compared with the output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 and so on.

[0094] During the waiting times between two measurement times, the controller 30 can be put into a sleep state in order to extend the service life per full charge of the energy source 32.

[0095] During these waiting times, the communication module 42 can also be put into a sleep state, for example by interrupting the radio connection to the cloud-based computer system 44 or by reducing the transmission power, the data rate and / or the amount of data sent.

[0096] However, if a relevant difference, for example a difference exceeding a certain threshold value, is detected between at least one of the output measured values ​​A1, A2, A3, A4 and the associated measured value of the measured values ​​M1, M2, M3 and M4, the detected difference is further evaluated by the microcontroller 34 in an analysis phase 1030.

[0097] The analysis can be performed in pairs for two opposing sensors 22. If the respective measured values ​​of the analyzed sensors 22 result in a pressure difference, this is interpreted as a pressure force acting in a direction corresponding to the position of the examined sensors 22. If pressure differences arise for several pairs of opposing sensors 22, this can be interpreted as a pressure force acting in an oblique direction.

[0098] A correlate of the force changes can be derived from the strengths of the pressure differences.

[0099] It is conceivable that, instead of or in addition to absolute pressure differences, relative pressure differences in the form of the respective deviations of the measured values ​​M1, M2, M3, and M4 of the sensors 22 under investigation from their respective initial values ​​A1, A2, A3, and A4 are also evaluated. Thus, different stresses on the sensors 22 can be taken into account, provided they occur when the through-hole 12 is in proper condition.

[0100] If at least one pressure force is newly determined in this way, this can be evaluated by the control 30 as a change at and / or in the through opening 12.

[0101] If at least one such change is detected, an error signal can be sent to the cloud-based computer system 44 via the communication module 42 in a signal phase 1040. The error signal can also contain data on further details of the detected change. The cloud-based computer system 44 can send a push message to the user computer system 46. This push message can also include the data on the determined details of the detected changes.

[0102] The user computer system 46 may notify the user of the change.

[0103] In a maintenance step 1050, maintenance of the through-opening 12 can then be initiated. For example, the through-opening 12 can be inspected and, if necessary, properly sealed again with filling elements 14.

[0104] If necessary, the sensor system 24 can then be recalibrated and the test continued. For this purpose, the method 1000 can begin again with the initialization phase 1010.

[0105] Fig. 4 shows a filling element 114. The filling element 114 is a fire-resistant brick. Accordingly, it is made at least largely of a fire-retardant material.

[0106] It has sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d arranged along a circumference. The sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d can correspond in their properties to the previously described sensors. In particular, they can again be pressure sensors.

[0107] A controller 30 is arranged inside the filling element 114. The controller 30 can, in particular, be located entirely inside the filling element 114. In an alternative embodiment, access to the controller 30 can be provided, in particular from a direction perpendicular to the image plane according to Fig. 4, so that maintenance work or the like on the controller 30 remains easily possible even when the filling element 114 is installed.

[0108] The controller 30 and its components are configured analogously to the controller 30 configured in connection with the previously described Figs. 1 to 3. In particular, the controller 30 again has a power source 32, a microcontroller 34 with a processor 36, a memory 38 and program code 40, as well as a communication module 42. The controller 30 is electrically connected to the sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d so that the sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d can be supplied with power and the controller 30 can process the measured values ​​of the sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d analogously to what has been described above. Thus, a sensor system 24 is again configured.

[0109] The filling element 114 can therefore be used independently. It is therefore particularly suitable for retrofitting components with through-holes.

[0110] As shown in Fig. 5, the filling element 114 can thus be inserted into a through-opening 12 of a component 10.

[0111] In the example shown in Fig. 5, the through-opening 12 is formed by the component 10 and a cable duct 116 extending through the component 10. Thus, the through-opening 12 is sealed by the filling element 116, particularly for fire protection.

[0112] Thus, the component 10 and the cable duct 116 in turn form a component with the through-opening 12, wherein a sensor system is set up to monitor the through-opening 12, wherein the sensor system has the four sensors 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d for detecting a measured value of the through-opening 12, wherein the sensors 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are arranged on an inner circumference 20 of the through-opening 12.

[0113] By inserting the filler element 114, a building element with a through-opening can be easily equipped with a monitoring function, even retrofitted. At the same time, the through-opening can be equipped with a fire protection or fire-retardant function.

[0114] Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit with four sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d connected in a Wheatstone bridge 49, which are supplied with energy by the energy source 32. This type of connection can be implemented in the previously described components 10, the sensor system 24, or the filler element 114.

[0115] Two of the sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d are connected in series with each other and in parallel with the other two sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d. The measured value M1 is the differential voltage between two center tap points 50, 52. The center tap points 50, 52 correspond to the common connection points of the respective pairs of series-connected sensors 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d.

[0116] The influence of drift effects, for example thermally induced drift effects, on the measured value M1 can thus be reduced.

[0117] List of reference symbols

[0118] 10 Component

[0119] 12 passage opening

[0120] 14 Filling element

[0121] 16, 16 line

[0122] 20 inner circumference

[0123] 22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d Sensor

[0124] 24 sensor system

[0125] 26 connecting line

[0126] 28 connecting cables

[0127] 30 Control

[0128] 32 Energy source

[0129] 34 microcontrollers

[0130] 36 processor

[0131] 38 storage

[0132] 40 program code

[0133] 42 Communication module

[0134] 44 Cloud-based computing system

[0135] 46 user computer system

[0136] 48 ad

[0137] 49 Wheatstone Bridge

[0138] 50, 52 center tap points

[0139] 1000 procedures

[0140] 1010 Initialization phase

[0141] 1020 test phase

[0142] 1030 Analysis phase

[0143] 1040 signal phase

[0144] 1050 Maintenance step

[0145] A1 , A2, A3, A4 Output measurement value

[0146] F compressive force

[0147] M1, M2, M3, M4 measured value

Claims

Patent claims 1. Building element (10), for example a wall, a ceiling or a floor of a building, with a passage opening (12), - a comprehensive sensor system (24) installed to monitor the passage opening (12), - wherein the sensor system (24) has at least one sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) for detecting a measured value (M1 , M2, M3, M4) of the through-hole (12), - wherein the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) is arranged on an inner circumference (20) of the through-hole (12).

2. Component according to the previous claim, characterized in that the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) extends to at least two opposite areas of the through-hole (12).

3. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through-opening (12) is filled with at least one filling element (14).

4. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one filling element (14) comprises an elastic material.

5. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling element (14) has at least one protective function, for example, being fire-retardant, sound-insulating and / or fluid-sealing.

6. Sensor system (24) for arrangement on a component (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - at least one sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) that can be arranged on an inner circumference (20) of the through-hole (12) of the component (10), - wherein the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) is configured to detect a measured value (M1 , M2, M3, M4) of the through-hole (12).

7. Sensor system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) is a pressure, tension, strain and / or force sensor.

8. Sensor system according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) has an elongated shape.

9. Sensor system according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) comprises a layer structure, wherein preferably one layer of the layer structure is an adhesive layer and / or a friction-enhancing layer.

10. Sensor system according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) has at least one optical fiber.

11. Sensor system according to one of claims 6 to 10, comprising at least two, preferably at least four, sensors (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d).

12. Sensor system according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that several sensors (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), in particular at least four sensors, are arranged in a Wheatstone bridge (49).

13. Sensor system according to one of claims 6 to 12, further comprising a controller (30) and / or an energy source (32).

14. Filling element (114), wherein the filling element (114) is a fire protection brick and / or comprises one such brick, with a sensor system (24) according to one of claims 6 to 13, wherein at least one sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), preferably all sensors (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), of the sensor system (24) is arranged on a circumference of the filling element (114).

15. Filling element according to the previous claim, characterized in that the filling element (114) is elastically deformable.

16. Method (1000) for monitoring a component (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a measured value (M1 , M2, M3, M4) of the through-hole (12) of the component (10) is measured by a sensor (22, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) located on an inner circumference (20) of the through-hole (12). Method according to the preceding step, wherein two measured values ​​(M1 , M2, M3, M4) are measured at at least two opposing areas of the inner circumference (20) of the through-hole (12).

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