Ventilation device for supplying fresh air to an interior

Abstract

The present invention relates to a ventilation system for supplying fresh air to an interior (10), wherein the ventilation system has a fresh-air supply device (20). The fresh-air supply device (20) has at least one vortex ring generator (22) that is designed to generate vortex rings (24) from fresh air and to radiate same into the interior (10) from top to bottom in order to supply a fresh air lake (32) at the bottom of the interior (10). The invention also relates to a method for supplying fresh air to an interior (10).

Description

[0001] Ventilation device for supplying fresh air into an interior

[0002] Technical area

[0003] The present invention relates to a ventilation system for supplying fresh air to an interior space. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for supplying fresh air to an interior space.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The interiors of buildings can be ventilated through windows, for example. Ventilating interior spaces allows for the introduction of fresh air. Fresh air can maintain a sufficiently high oxygen level despite the presence of people and / or animals in the interior, and an undesirably high CO2 content can be avoided. Furthermore, supplying fresh air to an interior can reduce the level of air pollution, for example, pollution caused by other undesirable gases and particles, such as dust or pollutants.

[0006] However, in large interior spaces, ventilation through windows can be insufficient. For example, warehouses often do not have enough windows to ensure a sufficient supply of fresh air. Large office spaces often cannot be adequately ventilated through windows either. Furthermore, ventilation through windows can lead to undesirable temperature changes. Open windows can also allow unwanted contaminants to enter the interior. Furthermore, this can compromise soundproofing and burglar resistance.

[0007] Therefore, many interior spaces are equipped with a ventilation system. The ventilation system can introduce fresh air into the interior, for example, after filtering and / or temperature control.

[0008] For example, the ventilation system can be designed to introduce fresh air into the interior from above. Such ventilation systems can be inexpensive and simple to install, as the respective supply ducts and air outlets can be easily installed in or on the ceiling of the interior. However, a large volume flow is necessary to ensure a sufficient supply of fresh air in this case, as the fresh air flow has to travel a great distance, for example, to reach a zone occupied by people. As the fresh air flows from above to the occupied zone, the fresh air flow is exposed to a high level of mixing with room air, which must be compensated for by a correspondingly large volume flow to ensure sufficient fresh air in the occupied zone. The fresh air supply from the ceiling can also generate undesirable turbulence and cause undesirable noticeable air currents in the interior.

[0009] The ventilation system can also be designed to create a pool of fresh air at the floor of the interior through floor-level displacement air ventilation. This pool of fresh air can have a lower air temperature than the air above it. When heated, the fresh air can rise from the pool of fresh air. Such heating is caused, for example, by people or warm devices in the interior, such as electronic devices. This can create a fresh air flow there as needed. For example, fresh air can rise around people, supplying them with fresh air from the pool of fresh air. Likewise, fresh air can rise around warm devices to remove air polluted by the devices and to additionally cool the devices. Thanks to this demand-based fresh air supply, the ventilation system with a pool of fresh air can operate with a low volume flow of fresh air.In addition, undesirable, noticeable air currents can be avoided. However, at least one air outlet is required in or near the fresh air pool, usually near the floor. This makes installing supply lines and air outlets complex and expensive.

[0010] WO 2021 / 065808 A1 describes an air circulation device that radiates air laterally into a room in the form of vortex rings. The vortex rings can be directed toward a person. US 2015 / 0328960 A1 describes an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle in which vortex rings radiate air laterally into a vehicle interior.

[0011] CN 112 303 838 A describes an air conditioning system with a vortex ring generator.

[0012] Description of the invention

[0013] A first aspect of the invention relates to a ventilation system for supplying fresh air to an interior space. The ventilation system can be designed to introduce fresh air into the interior space. Fresh air can have a lower air temperature and / or less contamination with particles or other pollutants than room air. For this purpose, the ventilation system can draw in air from outside the interior space, in particular from outside a building. The ventilation system can also operate as a recirculation system, drawing in air from the interior space itself and conditioning it to generate fresh air. The ventilation system can therefore also generate fresh air from contaminated interior air. For example, the ventilation system can be designed to clean and / or temper and / or otherwise condition the air drawn in. The ventilation system can have a filter. The ventilation system can have a cooling device and / or a heating device.The ventilation system can have respective air ducts. The ventilation system can be electrically operated, for example. The ventilation system can be designed as an air conditioning system or at least form part of an air conditioning system. The ventilation system can be designed to discharge air from the interior space, in particular in an upper end region of the interior space. The ventilation system can have an exhaust air device designed to discharge air from the top of the space. For this purpose, one or more air outlets can be arranged on a ceiling of the interior space. The interior space can be an individual room of a building. The interior space can also be an entire floor of the building. The interior space can also be the entire volume enclosed by the building. The ventilation system can be designed to supply respective rooms of a building with fresh air independently of one another. The ventilation system has a fresh air supply device.The fresh air supply device can be designed to transport fresh air into the interior. The fresh air supply device can have a fan and / or an intake device. The fresh air supply device can be designed to draw in fresh air from outside the interior and / or to generate fresh air from contaminated air.

[0014] Fresh air can be defined by a maximum load. A load can be defined by contaminants such as pollutants or undesirable gases. Fresh air can have a maximum CO2 content and / or a minimum oxygen content. Fresh air can be colder than average room air in the interior, especially within a specified minimum temperature difference and a specified maximum temperature difference.

[0015] The fresh air supply device has at least one vortex ring generator. The vortex ring generator can be designed to emit air vortex rings. A vortex ring can be a fluid flow in which the fluid flows around a virtual ring. In an air vortex ring, the fluid flow is essentially formed by air. An air vortex ring can be a stable flow that can propagate through stationary air. An air vortex ring can also be referred to as a vortex ring in the context of this description. A vortex ring can have a stable vortex structure. Mixing with ambient air as it passes through occurs only to a very small extent, so that, for example, fresh air vortex rings can be emitted through contaminated air to a target location with only minimal losses and / or mixing.The vortex ring generator can, for example, comprise a nozzle and a membrane that can stimulate air in the nozzle to be ejected from the nozzle as a vortex ring. The vortex ring generator can, for example, also comprise a piston and / or a perforated disk, by means of which respective vortex rings can be generated. The vortex ring generator can be designed to periodically eject respective vortex rings.

[0016] The vortex ring generator is designed to generate vortex rings from fresh air and radiate them from top to bottom into the interior. This supplies a pool of fresh air at the bottom of the interior. Top and bottom can be defined, for example, by gravity. The vortex ring generator can be arranged, for example, in a ceiling of the interior and / or in an upper end region of the interior. For example, an air outlet of the vortex ring generator can be arranged in an opening in the ceiling of the interior. The vortex ring generator can be designed to change the radiation angle, size, and / or timing during vortex ring generation. For example, the vortex ring generator can be pivotally mounted on the ceiling.

[0017] The ventilation system with vortex rings radiating from top to bottom combines the advantages of a fresh air supply from above with those of a fresh air supply based on a fresh air pool. The ventilation system can be installed simply and cost-effectively, for example, with air ducts only in or on the ceiling of the interior. The ventilation system can, for example, be free of elements for fresh air supply in the floor or a lower end area of ​​the interior. At the same time, the demand-based fresh air supply can be achieved by air from the fresh air pool rising over warm areas or objects and people. This means that only a low volume flow of fresh air is required.

[0018] The ventilation system can be configured to initially generate the fresh air pool. The fresh air supply device can be configured to be controlled depending on a room condition, such as usage, air pollution, and / or room temperature, in particular to adjust a fresh air quantity and its temperature. Alternatively or additionally, the fresh air supply device can be configured to be controlled depending on a fresh air pool condition, such as a height of the fresh air pool and a fresh air pool temperature, in particular to adjust a fresh air supply quantity and its temperature. The ventilation system can have corresponding sensors and a control device for this purpose.

[0019] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, the vortex ring generator is arranged on a ceiling of the interior space. This allows for easy installation and does not reduce, or only slightly reduces, the usable volume of the interior space. The vortex ring generator can be arranged freely below the ceiling or partially or completely within the ceiling. For example, the vortex ring generator can also be arranged completely or partially between a structurally supporting ceiling and a suspended ceiling of the interior space. The vortex ring generator can be arranged with an outlet side facing substantially downwards toward the floor of the interior space.

[0020] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, the vortex ring generator is designed to radiate the vortex rings to the fresh air pool and / or to a floor of the interior. The vortex ring generator can be designed to generate vortex rings that essentially dissolve upon reaching the fresh air pool and mix with the air in the fresh air pool. Thus, particularly little energy can be required to generate the vortex rings, since they only have to bridge the distance to the fresh air pool. The vortex ring generator can be designed to generate vortex rings that collide with the floor of the interior and thus dissolve and mix with the air in the fresh air pool. This allows fresh air to be transported to the fresh air pool particularly reliably and / or efficiently, since the vortex rings do not, for example, have to dissolve themselves after a certain distance.

[0021] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, the fresh air supply device is designed to generate the vortex rings with a vortex air temperature below an average room air temperature. This reliably ensures that the fresh air supplied by the vortex rings initially remains in the fresh air pool and only rises from the fresh air pool upon contact with heat, for example from people or electrical devices. Furthermore, this can simplify room air conditioning. The vortex air temperature can be an average temperature of the air involved in the respective vortex ring. The vortex air temperature can be an air temperature of the generated and / or radiated vortex rings. For example, the fresh air supply device can have a cooling system that cools the air before it is supplied to the vortex ring generator.The average room air temperature can be an average temperature of only the air above the fresh air pool or an average temperature of all the air in the interior. The fresh air supply device can be configured to generate vortex rings with a vortex air temperature below an average fresh air pool temperature. This allows the fresh air pool to be kept cooler than the rest of the air in the interior, even if gradually warmer air mixes with the fresh air pool.

[0022] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, it is provided that the ventilation system has an air temperature sensor which is designed to detect an air temperature in the interior. The air temperature sensor can be designed to detect an air temperature at the bottom of the interior and / or an air temperature in the fresh air pool. For example, the air temperature sensor can be designed as an electronic thermometer. The air temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, near the floor, in particular on a side wall. The fresh air supply device can be designed to adjust the vortex air temperature of the generated vortex rings depending on the detected air temperature in the interior. The vortex air temperature can thus be adjusted such that the fresh air pool maintains a temperature which is lower than that of the air above it.The ventilation system can also include a first air temperature sensor, which measures the temperature of the air in the fresh air pool, and a second air temperature sensor, which measures the temperature of the air above it. This ensures a particularly reliable supply of fresh air via the fresh air pool. The ventilation system can be configured to measure the temperature of different zones of the fresh air pool and, depending on this, adjust the vortex air temperature of vortex rings that are radiated into the respective zone.

[0023] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, it is provided that the ventilation system has an air quality measuring device which is designed to detect a load of the air in the interior. The load can, for example, be measured directly or determined indirectly by the air quality measuring device. Detecting the load of the air in the interior can enable demand-based control of the ventilation system, in particular demand-based generation of the vortex rings. The air quality measuring device can have a CO2 sensor. The CO2 sensor can, for example, measure a CO2 content of the air in the interior. The CO2 sensor can, for example, be arranged at the head height of a standing or sitting person in the interior in order to determine a CO2 content of the air at a height at which the air is inhaled. The CO2 content can be a parameter particularly relevant for the quality of the air.The air quality measuring device can alternatively or additionally be designed to determine the number of people in the interior space. This makes it possible to indirectly determine air pollution in the interior space, for example through the breathing of these people and / or their work activities. This also makes it possible to determine a sensible amount of fresh air supply. The fresh air supply device can be designed to adjust the air supply volume to the interior space depending on the detected air pollution in the interior space. This enables fresh air to be supplied as needed, allowing the ventilation system to operate in a very energy-efficient manner. For example, the amount of fresh air supplied can be changed by changing the timing of the vortex ring generation and their size. If several vortex ring generators are provided, individual vortex ring generators can also be switched on or off.can be switched off to adjust the air supply volume. The air supply volume can be a volume flow of fresh air that is introduced into the interior through the ventilation system.

[0024] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, the fresh air supply device is designed to adjust the air supply volume by changing the size of the vortex rings and / or the timing of the emission of the vortex rings. The size of a vortex ring can be changed, for example, by its diameter and / or by a maximum radial distance of the air circulating around the ring shape of the vortex. The timing can be a frequency at which vortex rings are emitted. For example, the vortex ring generator can emit a certain number of vortex rings per minute in a first setting and a comparatively larger or smaller number of vortex rings per minute in a second setting. This allows the air supply volume to the fresh air pool to be easily adjusted as needed.In one embodiment of the ventilation system, it is provided that the ventilation system has a person detection device and / or a detection device for detecting sources of air pollution. For example, the position of respective persons and / or respective sources of air pollution in the interior can be detected. For example, the person detection device can have a motion detector or an infrared camera. The infrared camera can simultaneously detect persons and sources of air pollution in the interior and is therefore particularly suitable. The motion detector can be particularly cost-effective and simple. For example, a signal from a motion detector that already controls lighting can also be used.

[0025] The fresh air supply device can be designed to control the radiation from the vortex rings to prevent radiation from the vortex rings onto people in the interior and / or onto sources of air pollution in the interior. For example, the radiation from individual vortex rings can be controlled depending on the detected position of people and / or sources of air pollution. This can prevent unpleasant air currents for people. Furthermore, it can be ensured that the fresh air actually reaches the fresh air pool. Likewise, it can be prevented that the vortex rings hit sources of air pollution, and that contaminated air in the room is undesirably distributed in the surrounding space and / or mixed with the fresh air in the fresh air pool.For example, the vortex rings can only radiate into areas of the interior where no people are present and / or where no sources of air pollution, such as electrical devices, are located. For example, the radiation can be adjusted by changing the radiation angle of the vortex generators on the ceiling and / or by switching off individual vortex ring generators. This way, for example, only vortex ring generators that are not located above people can operate. The shutdown can be temporary and restricted by limit values. For example, vortex ring generators above people can still be activated if the air quality falls below a limit and / or the air temperature exceeds a limit. This way, adequate air quality can still be ensured. The ventilation system can be designed to predict the movement of detected people.The prediction can, for example, be performed as an interpolation of a previously detected movement, optionally taking obstacles in the room into account. The fresh air supply device can be configured to control the radiation of the vortex rings to prevent the vortex rings from radiating onto people in the interior and / or onto sources of air pollution in the interior depending on the predicted movement. This reliably prevents the vortex rings from radiating onto people in the interior, even if the vortex ring generators are located at a great distance from the respective people, particularly in rooms with high ceilings.

[0026] A special synergy arises when the air quality measurement device is used to control the amount of air supplied to the interior and the detection of occupants is used to control the emission. In this case, sensors can be used together. For example, the data captured by the infrared camera can simultaneously determine air pollution and thus the air quality, as well as the position of individual occupants in the room. The ventilation system can thus be highly functional at low cost.

[0027] In one embodiment of the ventilation system, it is provided that the fresh air supply device has a plurality of vortex ring generators, wherein the fresh air supply device is designed to generate the vortex rings alternately with the vortex ring generators. In particular, a substantially continuous supply of fresh air into the interior can be provided. Through the alternating operation, fresh air can be continuously drawn in, even though an individual vortex ring generator only periodically emits a vortex ring. This can make the fresh air supply particularly simple. For example, a turbo machine can continuously draw in fresh air and, with a simple distribution valve, this fresh air can be supplied to only one of the vortex ring generators at a time. This avoids any backflow of air, which could impede the intake.A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for supplying fresh air to an interior. The method can be used, for example, to operate the ventilation system according to the first aspect. Corresponding features, advantages, and further embodiments of the first aspect also form features, advantages, and further embodiments of the second aspect, and vice versa.

[0028] The method comprises a step of generating a vortex ring of fresh air, for example, using a vortex ring generator arranged on the ceiling of a room. The method comprises a step of radiating the vortex ring from top to bottom into the interior space, in particular from a ceiling to a floor of the interior space, in order to supply a pool of fresh air at the bottom of the interior space. The radiating and generating of the vortex ring can, for example, occur essentially simultaneously.

[0029] Short description of the characters

[0030] Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a ventilation system for an interior space of a building;

[0031] Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a method for supplying fresh air into an interior, and

[0032] Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a vortex ring generator of the aeration system.

[0033] Detailed description of embodiments

[0034] Fig. 1 schematically shows an interior space 10 of a building. Shown are a floor 12 of the interior space 10, a ceiling 14, and respective side walls 16. A person 18 is located in the interior space 10. The interior space 10 is supplied with fresh air by a ventilation system. For this purpose, the ventilation system has a fresh air supply device 20, which draws in fresh air from outside the interior space 10. Furthermore, the fresh air supply device 20 has a vortex ring generator 22, which is illustrated in detail in Fig. 3 and is arranged on the ceiling 14. The vortex ring generator 22 is designed to generate vortex rings 24 of fresh air and to radiate them from top to bottom into the interior space 10.

[0035] For this purpose, the fresh air supply device 20 has a fresh air line 26, which is connected to a housing 28 of the vortex ring generator 22. The housing 28 forms a nozzle and defines a collection volume. A membrane 30 is also arranged in the collection volume, an interior of the housing 28. The membrane 30 is periodically moved to generate the vortex rings 24 and eject them from the nozzle. Other designs of vortex ring generators can also be used.

[0036] The vortex rings 24 radiate from top to bottom supply a fresh air pool 32 at the floor 12 of the interior space 10, as they maintain their stable vortex structure until they reach the fresh air pool 32 and, during their path from the ceiling 14 to the fresh air pool 32, hardly mix with the possibly contaminated air surrounding the vortex rings 24. The fresh air pool 32 forms its own air layer in the interior space 10, which is on average less contaminated than the respective air layers located above it. The air quality of the fresh air pool 32 can, for example, approximately correspond to the air quality of the supplied fresh air. The air temperature of the vortex rings 24 is lower than the air temperature of the air through which the vortex rings 24 travel to the fresh air pool 32.Upon arrival in the fresh air pool 32, at the latest upon impact with the floor 12, the vortex structure of the vortex rings 24 disintegrates, and the fresh air contained therein mixes with the fresh air pool 32. The fresh air pool 32 has a lower air temperature than the air above it in the interior 10. Furthermore, the air in the fresh air pool 32 is less polluted than the air above it in the interior 10.

[0037] Due to heating, in the illustrated case caused by the person 18, the fresh air rises from the fresh air pool 32, as indicated by the arrows 34 on the person 18. This supplies the person 18 with fresh air as needed. Furthermore, airborne contaminants, such as impurities and particles, are carried upwards. The thus heated and now contaminated air rises further to the ceiling 14, as indicated by arrow 36. The ventilation system thus combines the advantages of a displacement air system with the structurally simple implementation of a ceiling ventilation system, which also places little or no restrictions on the usable space in the interior 10.

[0038] The ventilation system has an air outlet 38 on the ceiling 14. This outlet allows the contaminated air to be removed from the interior space 10 through the ceiling 14. The air outlet 38 can be passive or actively extract the contaminated air from the interior space 10.

[0039] Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a method for supplying fresh air to the interior 10. In a step 40, the respective vortex rings 24 are periodically generated from fresh air from respective vortex ring generators 22 of the ventilation system. In one embodiment, the temperature of the air in the vortex rings 24 is adjusted as a function of a measured air temperature of the fresh air pool 32, for which the ventilation system can have respective air temperature sensors. The air temperature of the fresh air pool 32 is controlled such that it does not cause cold feet for the person 18, but is colder than the air layer above it. For example, an air temperature of 18°C ​​to 19°C can be specified for the fresh air pool 32. Air above this, for example, has an average room temperature of 20°C to 21°, whereby the temperature can increase towards the ceiling 14, for example to 22°C to 24°C.In this example, the vortex rings 24 are radiated at an air temperature of approximately 16°C, as they mix slightly with the ambient air and warm up as they pass through the interior space 10. For example, the vortex rings 24 arrive in the fresh air pool 32 at an air temperature of 18°C. Other temperatures can also be set depending on user needs.

[0040] In a step 42, the respective vortex rings 24 are radiated from top to bottom into the interior space 10, from the ceiling 14 to the floor 12 of the interior space 10, in order to supply the fresh air pool 32 at the bottom of the interior space 10. In one embodiment, the ventilation system can detect respective persons in the interior space 10, for example using an infrared camera. In this embodiment, the radiation is controlled depending on the detected persons in order to avoid the vortex rings 24 radiating onto the person 18 in the interior space 10. For this purpose, the vortex ring generator 22 can, for example, be pivotally mounted on the ceiling 14 in order to direct the nozzle of the housing 28 away from the person 18. Alternatively or additionally, the vortex ring generator 22 is deactivated if the person 18 is located in a radiation path of the vortex rings 24, for example if they are standing directly beneath the vortex ring generator 22.In this case, for example, only other vortex ring generators 22 can operate whose radiation path from vortex rings 24 does not intersect with a person 18.

[0041] Reference symbol

[0042] 10 Interior

[0043] 12 Floor

[0044] 14 Ceiling

[0045] 16 side walls

[0046] 18 people

[0047] 20 Fresh air supply device

[0048] 22 Vortex ring generator

[0049] 24 vortex rings

[0050] 26 Fresh air line

[0051] 28 housings

[0052] 30 membrane

[0053] 32 Fresh Air Lake

[0054] 34 arrows

[0055] 36 Arrow

[0056] 38 Air outlet

[0057] 40 Step: Generation of respective vortex rings

[0058] 42 Step: Radiate the respective vortex rings from top to bottom

Claims

Patent claims Ventilation system for supplying fresh air into an interior space (10), wherein the ventilation system has a fresh air supply device (20), wherein the fresh air supply device (20) has at least one vortex ring generator (22) which is designed to generate vortex rings (24) from fresh air and to radiate them from top to bottom into the interior space (10) in order to supply a fresh air pool (32) at the bottom of the interior space (10). Ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the vortex ring generator (22) is arranged on a ceiling (14) of the interior space (10). Ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vortex ring generator (22) is designed to radiate the vortex rings (24) down to the fresh air pool (32) and / or down to a floor (12) of the interior space (10).Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fresh air supply device (20) is designed to generate the vortex rings (24) with a vortex air temperature below an average room air temperature. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation system has an air temperature sensor which is designed to detect an air temperature in the interior space (10), in particular an air temperature at the bottom of the interior space (10) and / or an air temperature in the fresh air pool (32), wherein the fresh air supply device (20) is designed to adjust the vortex air temperature of the generated vortex rings (24) depending on the detected air temperature in the interior space (10). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation system has an air quality measuring device which is designed to detect a pollution of the air in the interior space (10). In particular, the air quality measuring device comprises a CO2 sensor and / or the air quality measuring device is designed to determine the number of people in the interior (10), and the fresh air supply device (20) is designed to adjust the air supply quantity into the interior (10) depending on the detected air pollution in the interior (10). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, the fresh air supply device (20) being designed to adjust the air supply quantity by changing the size of the vortex rings (24) and / or the timing of the emission of the vortex rings (24).Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation system comprises a person detection device and / or a detection device for detecting sources of air pollution, wherein the fresh air supply device (20) is designed to control the radiation of the vortex rings (24) in order to prevent radiation of the vortex rings (24) onto persons in the interior space (10) and / or onto sources of air pollution in the interior space (10). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fresh air supply device (20) has a plurality of vortex ring generators (22), wherein the fresh air supply device (20) is designed to generate the vortex rings (24) alternately with the vortex ring generators (22), in particular to provide a substantially continuous supply of fresh air into the interior space (10).Method for supplying fresh air into an interior space (10), the method comprising at least the following steps:. - generating (40) a vortex ring (24) from fresh air, and - Radiating (42) the vortex ring (24) from top to bottom into the interior (10), in particular from a ceiling (14) to a floor (12) of the interior (10), in order to supply a fresh air lake (32) at the bottom of the interior (10).

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