Industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission with an intermediate element assembly and method and use

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrial gear unit (100) comprising at least one shaft (101) and at least one shaft holder (103) for the axially fixed mounting of the shaft, wherein the shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in the shaft holder in at least one axial section (X1, X2), wherein an intermediate element assembly (10) is provided in the axial section acting between the shaft holder (103) and the shaft (101), with said intermediate element assembly being mounted in an axially fixed and axially force-transmitting manner between the shaft and the shaft holder, wherein the intermediate element assembly has a laser-structured surface (10.1) in at least one surface section (10.1a, 10.1b) on the shaft side and / or on the shaft holder side, and is designed for at least substantially force-locking and optionally also interlocking support against axial displacement, wherein a tapered press-fit or similar connection creating an interlocking connection on a macroscopic level can be provided. The invention also relates to corresponding intermediate elements with laser-structured surfaces for an intermediate element assembly of this type, and production methods for same and the use thereof in planetary transmissions, in particular for wind turbines.

Description

[0001] Industrial gear unit designed as a planetary gear unit with intermediate element arrangement and method and use

[0002] Description

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present invention relates to an industrial gear unit configured as a planetary gear unit, comprising at least one axle and at least one axle mount for axially fixed mounting of the axle, wherein the axle is axially fixed in at least one axial section in the axle mount, optionally in two axial sections, in particular in each case at a free end of the axle, wherein an intermediate element arrangement is provided acting between the axle mount and the axle in / in the at least one axial section, in particular with the industrial gear unit configured as a planetary gear unit or comprising at least one planetary gear stage. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to intermediate elements with advantageously structured surfaces for such an intermediate element arrangement.In particular, the present invention relates to an industrial gear according to features of the independent device claim as well as methods and uses according to the independent claims.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] High power densities in (industrial) gear units such as planetary gear units, particularly those used in wind turbines (drive trains), require sufficient rigidity, particularly in the torque-carrying components, as well as in the corresponding fastenings and clamping systems. Especially in planetary gear units, axial clamping on planetary carriers with multi-planetary gears tends to cause adverse micro-movements under load, particularly when the compression is below sufficient, potentially causing noticeably increased wear. It has now been recognized that such local micro-movements (and the associated wear) are becoming increasingly likely due to a power-density-induced loss of stiffness in surrounding components. Accordingly, there is great interest in being able to prevent these micro-movements as completely as possible.

[0007] To date, axle clamping has been achieved in this respect by extending the clamping length (particularly where space requirements are unfavourable) and / or by increasing the fit and thus increasing pressure in the contact area between the axle and the axle mount (particularly the bore). However, depending on the load, the areas around the axle clamping can deform elastically, particularly in a planetary carrier. This has a potentially very negative effect, particularly on thin-walled components, and particularly on neighbouring bearing seats. For example, a planetary carrier that is too soft leads to very high axial forces acting in the area of ​​the planetary pins. Another disadvantage is a self-reinforcing negative effect from an increasingly loose or widening press fit, which subsequently leads to even greater displacements or relative movements in the contact area, which in turn requires more material orAbrasion is generated by frictional wear. Particles released by wear potentially lead to major or even greater secondary damage, for example, through abrasion, which potentially significantly reduces the service life of the entire transmission. This situation makes it difficult for experts, particularly in the field of planetary gears, to further develop them, for example, with regard to scaling the number of planets.

[0008] There is therefore great interest in a design that is as torsionally rigid as possible with a high torque load capacity in combination with the avoidance or at least minimization of wear, particularly in connection with the characteristics of planetary gears described here, especially with comparatively high dynamic loads such as in the drive trains of wind turbines.

[0009] The publication DE 10 2011 087 568 A1 describes a pin bearing with a shoulder provided for a planetary gear of a spur gear differential, in which bearing sleeves are provided on a bearing pin at both ends, wherein the planetary gear is rotatably mounted on the bearing pin, wherein the bearing pin can be mounted either rotationally fixed or rotatably relative to the planet carrier, wherein the bearing sleeves have axial stops which extend in both radial directions, namely outwards at one end and inwards at the other end, so that positive locking can be ensured at several axial positions along the axial extent of the bearing pin, namely in axial limitation on both sides by the planet carrier in the manner of an axial enclosure by means of bearing sleeves which are S-shaped in cross section.

[0010] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The object of the present invention is to demonstrate measures by means of which a noticeable reduction in wear or the effective prevention of wear can be ensured at an interface between the axle and the axle mount in planetary gears, in particular with very good (torsional) rigidity or torque load capacity, and in particular with the minimization of any resulting structural disadvantages regarding the entire gear design. In particular, the object also consists in providing an axially fixed bearing at the axle / axle mount interface for high-load torque transmission orto provide a particularly high surface pressure when required with the widest possible range of usability in different types of planetary gears, in particular in combination with insignificant wear or at least a noticeable reduction in wear, in particular also in planetary gears with a comparatively high scaled number of planets, e.g. five, six, seven, eight or even nine planets.

[0012] The object is achieved by an industrial gearbox having the features of claim 1, by an intermediate element arrangement manufactured according to the features of the corresponding independent method claim, and by corresponding uses according to the features of the corresponding independent use claim. Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims and in the following description, each of which can represent an aspect of the invention, individually or in combination with one another. If a feature is presented in combination with another feature, this only serves to simplify the presentation of the invention and is in no way intended to imply that this feature cannot also be a further development of the invention without the other feature.

[0013] One aspect of the invention relates to a particularly wear-reducing or wear-preventing bearing for at least one axle in an (industrial) gearbox configured as a planetary gear. In this respect, an industrial gearbox is provided comprising at least one planetary gear stage having at least one axle and at least one axle mount for axially fixed mounting of the axle, wherein the axle is axially fixedly mounted in the axle mount in at least one axial section, optionally in two axial sections, in particular at each free end of the axle; wherein an intermediate element arrangement is provided, acting between the axle mount and the axle, in / in the at least one axial section, which intermediate element arrangement is axially fixedly mounted between the axle and the axle mount (in particular in the manner of a press fit).This expands the mounting options and, not least, also enables simple customization, reinforcement, and service life extension. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed to implement a wear-reducing measure by means of at least one additional intermediate element in the intermediate element arrangement.

[0014] The intermediate element arrangement has a structured surface in at least one surface section on the axle side and / or on the axle mount side, comprising at least one (axial force-transmitting) laser-structured surface designed to support against axial displacement. This also provides an effective preventive measure to avoid wear, particularly due to axial relative movements between the axle and the axle mount.

[0015] This allows for a comparatively high torque transmission capacity and rigidity of the entire gear arrangement, with a particularly torsion-resistant design, as well as effectively counteracting potentially occurring axial relative movement between the axle and the axle mount, particularly under high dynamic loads. The measures described here regarding the at least one intermediate element also facilitate scaling up to a comparatively high number of planets, e.g.seven or more planets; such a scaling may have the disadvantage that the dimensioning per planet(s) axis tends to become weaker / smaller, with an associated decrease in structural strength - however, it has been shown that the intermediate element arrangement described here, particularly when implemented per planet axis, can compensate for this potential disadvantage depending on the application and specifications, in particular by the planet axes together with the respective intermediate element(s) simulating support rods in structural terms.It should be understood that the intermediate element arrangement described here has a stiffening effect when installed and used as intended, in particular in such a way that the planet carrier remains torsionally rigid even with a high number of planets and is / remains configured for comparatively high torque transmission potential, as is required in particular for wind turbines, even during highly dynamic load changes. In particular, thanks to the high axial force transmission capacity ensured at the interfaces to the bolt and planet carrier, the intermediate element arrangement described here can ensure that axial relative movement, and thus wear / abrasion caused in particular by high rotational and bending moments transmitted to the planet carrier, is counteracted, with a good stiffening effect not only in the area of ​​the respective bolt but also with regard to the entire planet carrier.

[0016] It should be understood that the intermediate element arrangement described here has a wear-reducing or wear-preventing effect when installed and used as intended, particularly since axial relative movement can be virtually eliminated. When referring to an intermediate element arrangement in general according to the present disclosure, this is to be understood as an intermediate element arrangement that reduces or prevents wear during operation when used as intended.

[0017] It should be understood that a / the "structured surface" described with respect to the intermediate element arrangement does not necessarily have to be provided exclusively by the (respective) intermediate element, but can also be provided, at least partially, by the axle and / or by the axle mount. For example, a comparatively finely structured and essentially force-fitting structure is provided on the axle, and a comparatively coarsely structured, form-fitting structure is provided on an outer circumferential surface of at least one intermediate element.

[0018] It should be understood that the terminology "structured surface" or "structure" according to the present disclosure can refer to a plurality of surface sections, wherein each axle-axle mount pairing comprises at least one laser-structured surface or at least one laser-structured surface section. In other words: The invention is based on the concept of ensuring wear-inhibiting, Z-reducing stiffening essentially based on minimally small structures which can ensure an axially fixed connection that transmits axial force in a substantially force-locking manner, i.e. in combination with a normal force, in particular in a particularly torsionally rigid arrangement of a planet carrier. In addition, further structured surfaces (sections) can be provided, in particular those for which a form-fitting effect is also of greater importance, in particular with regard to a surface pairing in the area of ​​the axle mount oron the part of the planet carrier. In connection with the frictional connection-based concept of the present invention, it has also been shown that, in addition to the laser structures, cold welding or cold welding based on particularly smooth, particularly highly polished surfaces, particularly in connection with micro- or nanostructure adhesion, can be advantageously implemented or brought about during operation or by the application, for example at a further axial position, although this effect also depends heavily on the specific operating or application conditions for each application.

[0019] depends on the load situation and is therefore described here only as an implementation that supplements the laser structure, e.g. in a further surface section of the intermediate element arrangement, and is therefore not intended to replace it.

[0020] It should be understood that the intermediate element arrangement described here can comprise a plurality of intermediate elements, in particular at least one per (planetary) axis. The respective intermediate element can have an individual configuration, e.g., depending on its axial position (e.g., be configured differently on the transmission input side than on the transmission output side).

[0021] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following configurations: slotted sleeve, molded bushing, molded bushing with inner nut, molded bushing in combination with a cone, or intermediate axle bushing. This also provides a high degree of variability with regard to application-specific implementations, particularly depending on the respective number of planetary axes. Laser structuring is preferably provided on at least one inner surface.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which has at least one structured surface in at least one of the following geometric configurations, in particular on its outer surface: conical, spherical, knurled, provided with a toothing, helical or wave-shaped. This also enables a specific design with regard to application-specific features, e.g. relating to the respective axle end, in particular also depending on a respective number of planetary axes. Laser structuring can also be provided independently of the (macroscopic) geometric configuration of the outer surface of the intermediate element selected in the individual case. With a (coarse) structuring of the outer surface in combination with a fine, essentially force-fitting structure on the part of the axle, the manufacturing effort can also be minimized.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed to be inserted between the axle and the axle mount in the manner of a dowel. This also expands the application and assembly possibilities. Insertion or assembly can be achieved, for example, by thermal measures (in particular, thermal joining) and / or by hammering or pulsing.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the at least one laser-structured surface is introduced in a circumferential position-specific manner, in particular in the region of a circumferential position on the part of the axle deviating from a region of a circumferential position on the part of the axle mount (e.g. with the respective circumferential range in the range of 45 to 90°). This also makes it possible, not least, to set a comparatively specific type of fixation on the part of the axle differently than on the part of the axle mount, whereby, for example, circumferentially and axially variable load conditions in the contact area can also be taken into account accordingly.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises a plurality of intermediate elements, which, together with the respective (planetary) axle, structurally mimic the support rods of the planetary carrier. This provides, not least, particularly high rigidity and torque transferability of the entire planetary carrier assembly.

[0026] The intermediate element arrangement has a laser-structured surface in at least one surface section on the side of the axle (inside) and / or on the side of the axle mount (outside) and is thus configured for at least substantially non-positive and optionally also positive support against axial displacement (i.e., against axial relative movements between the axle and the axle mount). The function of an axially fixed anchoring can be provided or ensured by an additional intermediate element arrangement acting between the axle and the axle mount or by at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, in particular on the one hand at least substantially non-positive (in particular on the side of the axle) and on the other hand also positive (in particular on the side of the axle mount).This enables, not least, a more individual and independent optimization of this interface, which is subject to comparatively high mechanical stress, particularly with regard to avoiding micro-movements, in particular by providing at least one further customizable contact surface for at least essentially frictional connection and optionally also form-fitting connection (here also referred to as form-fitting and / or frictional connection), compared to the direct contact between the axle and axle mount, in particular also based on an application-specific, optimized material pairing that can be selected. Such an axle clamping with an intermediate element arrangement also offers numerous other, also indirect, advantages, such as greater variability / flexibility in the selection of materials, or a leaner / more cost-effective manufacturing approach for the axle and axle mount, and not least advantages related to assembly aspects.Particularly advantageous areas of application arise, for example, for wind turbine generator gearboxes with plain bearings, for industrial gearboxes with one or more planetary gear stages, for pure planetary gear units and numerous other industrial applications.

[0027] It should be understood that, with regard to the intermediate element arrangement, we generally refer to positive and / or non-positive locking, particularly since individual intermediate elements of the intermediate element arrangement can also be used with a substantially positive locking effect. With regard to the laser-structured surface structure of at least one of the intermediate elements, a substantially non-positive, axially fixed holding effect is realized, which can optionally be additionally combined with a positive locking effect using the same intermediate element, particularly in the case of a molded bushing.

[0028] Advantageously, the structuring provided on the inner and / or outer surface is already constitutive in itself for the desired force / positive connection on the corresponding contact surface. Such structuring is particularly useful in connection with the criterion of a robust and structurally comparatively slim axially fixed bearing or a corresponding axially fixed installation (assembly method). In addition to the structuring, adhesive bonding, a conical press fit and / or the other connection types described in detail here can be provided, which are based, for example, on a combination of form / force connection or can also have an essentially form-fitting effect. It is to be understood that material bonding (e.g. adhesive bonding) is only used in addition to the present disclosure, for exampleis to be implemented in connection with a securing function, without a material connection being required to provide for axial force transmission or other comparatively high force flow.

[0029] Preferably, on the one hand, at least one comparatively coarse and essentially form-fitting surface structure is provided, in which an axial relative movement can be excluded by form-fitting, and on the other hand, preferably at least one comparatively fine and essentially force- / friction-fitting surface structure is also provided, in which an axial relative movement can be excluded by high static friction.

[0030] Advantageously, the positive / non-positive surface structure is provided both inside and outside on the lateral surfaces of the respective intermediate element, so that a fixation against axial displacement / relative movement can be ensured optionally exclusively by means of the at least one intermediate element, for example also in the form of a sleeve.

[0031] As a result, the respective intermediate element also fulfils an essential function in connection with the axial anchoring of the axle within the axle mount, in particular without the axle and / or axle mount necessarily having to be subjected to a specific surface treatment.

[0032] It has also been shown, especially in planetary gears, that the weaker and therefore more wear-prone component (or a particularly weak component) is usually the axle mount (or a corresponding planet carrier bore), which, due to the dimensions of the axle mounts or the planet carrier and their properties, can only be upgraded with great effort to protect against wear. In this respect, too, the invention enables the overcoming of previous difficulties and facilitates scaling toward a comparatively high number of planets.An “industrial gearbox” is generally understood to mean a gearbox device comprising at least one planetary gear stage for industrial applications, for example in the form of a (bevel) spur gear or planetary gearbox or worm extruder gearbox or marine gearbox or generator gearbox or excavator gearbox or mill gearbox or chassis gearbox, each with at least one planetary gear stage.

[0033] The term “axially fixed bearing of the axle” is generally understood to mean a fixed axial force-transmitting axle seat, in which a robust hold must be ensured, particularly against axial relative movements, especially in combination with high torsional rigidity.

[0034] In the following, reference is made to an intermediate element arrangement or, alternatively, to an individual or respective intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, with the corresponding disclosure applying analogously in each case. An intermediate element arrangement can optionally also comprise a plurality of (intermediate) elements, whereas an explicit reference to only one intermediate element can refer to an individual element at a specific bearing point or in a specific axial section, e.g. in the region of an axle end (intermediate element arrangement with a specific intermediate element at the corresponding bearing point), unless expressly stated otherwise. Of course, an industrial gearbox can have several bearing points orhave multiple axes, each with one or more intermediate elements, namely in a planetary gear with at least one planet carrier, which provides an axle mount for a plurality of planetary axes; in this respect, too, the term "intermediate element arrangement" is not limited to a specific number of (intermediate) elements. For example, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least a number of intermediate elements corresponding to the number of planetary axes, or even at least twice as many intermediate elements (attachment to two axial sections of the respective axis, in particular in the region of both axis ends).

[0035] In other words, the invention is also based on the concept of providing at least one intermediate element between the axle and the axle mount or planetary carrier, which can ensure wear protection of an axle mount, in particular a (planetary) carrier bore, in a customizable and application-specific manner, e.g. by specifying a certain surface structure and / or material hardness. The at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is preferably provided as an elastic, naturally hard, nitrided or hardened intermediate element, e.g. in the manner or in an arrangement or function according to a (formed) bushing. The (respective) intermediate element improves the wear resistance, especially in at least one clamping point of the axle, largely independently of the base material. The intermediate element can also consist of one or more layers of different materials.Hard layers offer advantageous wear protection, while soft layers can primarily ensure elastic deformation, particularly without flow. In this respect, an appropriately selected material combination can also enable advantageous functional integration into a single intermediate element (multiple functions). The expert can individually determine for each application, particularly depending on the materials of the axle and mount, which hardness ranges are to be considered relatively hard and relatively soft.

[0036] The at least one intermediate element preferably has a form-fitting structuring on at least one outer (lateral) surface, which is designed to counteract an axial relative movement, in particular without an axial relative movement occurring. It has been shown that such an outwardly flat structure can prevent axial displacement out of the axle bore (or the like) both or primarily in a form-fitting manner, preferably on at least one radially outer surface, and in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner, preferably on at least one radially inner surface, by / due to appropriate structuring (laser structuring, structures that increase the coefficient of friction, additionally also nanostructure adhesion).a corresponding axial relative movement) can be effectively counteracted (optionally, a material-to-material fixation can also be provided as an additional securing element, without this securing element having to bear the high force flow). The corresponding intermediate element can optionally be (single) conical, multi-conical, particularly in the manner of a dowel, or in a wave shape.

[0037] On the inside of the (respective) intermediate element, according to an exemplary implementation, the fit formed by the axle and the bore or receptacle can be expanded, for example, by increasing the coefficient of friction and / or by means of a wedge-shaped or helical surface, which can also reduce the deformation of the support assembly under load. The inside can counteract uncontrolled frictional wear. The structuring can also create a non-resolvable (non-recoverable), comparatively hard surface structure, which does not impair, or at most only insignificantly impairs, the tolerances of the axle previously typically achieved through precision machining (or the tolerances required for a particular application).

[0038] One of the structuring types described here can be applied or provided either on the respective intermediate element or on the axis, and can be divided into zones along the circumference and / or axially in the direction of load and movement, and can be designed or configured / prepared to act accordingly, with a stronger, weaker, inhibiting, or reduced effect in the joining direction. Within these zones, in particular, the line density, the direction of the structure, and / or the intensity and shape of the structure can be adapted to the specific characteristics and requirements of the respective axis contact. In this respect, too, the present invention provides a comparatively high degree of variability.

[0039] The intermediate element can, for example, have an integrated contact surface configured for a plain bearing between a planetary gear and a planetary carrier and can be designed, for example, as a continuous, slotted, or segmented support. A spherically pre-profiled support shape can also compensate for any deformations caused, in particular, by the assembly process. In this respect, the intermediate element can also be implemented as a compensating element.

[0040] The intermediate element can also be thickened or tapered on one side, particularly for the purpose of compensating for positional tolerances of the axle mounts (or support holes) through orientation during assembly. This also leads to improved load-bearing capacity of the support assembly. Alternatively, the axle holes can also be drilled while the intermediate elements are already assembled. In this respect, the present invention also provides a technically feasible solution for various assembly situations.

[0041] For example, to facilitate deformation, the intermediate element (e.g., in the form of a dowel) can be slotted, perforated, or segmented, hardened, or nitrided, and can be designed with or without a coating to facilitate assembly. The exemplary embodiments described here are not to be understood as limiting in this regard either.

[0042] The axle mount or support bore can be either cylindrical, straight, conical or spherical in shape or can be designed with optional grooves for axial and / or tangential securing of the respective intermediate element.

[0043] The axle mount or an axle seat to be structured can preferably be cylindrical, conical, helical, or wave-shaped, particularly with regard to a self-locking design against rotation. Alternatively or additionally, the coefficient of friction can be increased in at least one axial section or on at least one surface section, inside and / or outside, by chemical structuring or optionally also by knurling measures (shaping similar to a knurl) or by nanostructure adhesion. In particular, where there is a risk of relative axial outward movement, a particularly proportional static friction force can be further increased.

[0044] Based on the intermediate element arrangement described here, continuously decreasing radial forces can be advantageously ensured at the ends of the respective axle holder or at the bore ends, in particular by means of a spherical comb profile (comb tips smoothed), whereby a retaining ring can be saved, and the available installation space for the axle clamping can be extended / enlarged and optionally used advantageously for further utilization of the clamping length or press fit surface. As mentioned, the intermediate elements can be used on at least one side of the axle clamping, optionally in the same or a different design. The respective intermediate element can also be used to combine materials with similar properties (e.g. with regard to microstructure, hardness), which could / would be prone to increased wear without an installed intermediate element.In this respect, the present invention can be implemented both for new products and in connection with service applications, thereby increasing the variability with regard to the materials that can be used and minimizing the remachining effort on the axle mount and / or axle. It has been shown that the present invention can also ensure the following advantages: Compared to previous pairings (axle with axle mount), there is no uncontrolled initial conditioning of the axle contact. This also results in noticeably less material ingress into the oil and gearbox. In particular, the prevention of work-hardened particles that could damage the bearings or gearing is made easier. The improved clamping also reduces radial and axial deformations of the planet carrier, especially in a planetary gear, for example, which in turn reduces micro-movement in the axle contact and thus contributes to reducing frictional wear.Furthermore, structural components can now be dimensioned more easily and with optimized weight. The increased rigidity achieves improves the load-bearing behavior of the assembly, particularly enabling more efficient dimensioning of the gearing and bearings. These measures are also directly related to increases in power density. The ability to align the intermediate element during assembly also means that manufacturing deviations between the support or axle mount and the axles can be compensated for and optimized conditions can be set. In contrast to a design with increasingly tighter fits, assembly is facilitated by the at least one intermediate element, particularly in the case of slotted, segmented or conical shapes (no greater widening of the bore than is currently necessary). The spreading can be achieved during axle assembly thermally or by hammering or pulsing into the support or axle mount.into the axle mount. Assembly can also be achieved by thermally joining a one-piece intermediate element.

[0045] An axially fixed bearing is understood in particular to mean a bearing / fastening in which an axially fixed positioning of the contact partners is of primary importance, in combination with an axial force-transmitting effect, e.g. in reaction to bending moments acting on a / the planet carrier, and advantageously also a high torsional rigidity and a high torque transferability of the entire planet carrier arrangement can be ensured; the axle is arranged in the axle holder in a predefined axial target position or is fixed in a form-fitting / non-positive manner and thereby defines, for example, a rotation axis for a planet gear guided by means of a / the planet carrier.The term "axially fixed" can therefore also encompass a rotationally fixed arrangement of the axle within the axle mount; according to the present disclosure, the term "axially fixed" was chosen because, for the envisaged applications, the primary challenge is to minimize axial relative movements, particularly with regard to absorbing and transmitting comparatively high bending moments. Nevertheless, the advantages described here in connection with the axially fixed arrangement can also be further enhanced by the improved torsional rigidity associated with the measures according to the invention.

[0046] Personified terms, unless formulated in the neuter form, can refer to all genders within the scope of this disclosure. Any English-language expressions or abbreviations used herein are standard industry terms and are familiar to those skilled in the art in English. Any German-language terms used or otherwise synonymous with these or other terms may be indicated here in brackets for the sake of completeness, or vice versa.

[0047] Previous transmissions often suffer from disadvantages regarding installation space length or high compression / contact forces, resulting in additional expenditure in terms of materials and the design scope of the transmission, or even a comparatively limited selection of usable materials. However, the invention also makes it possible to utilize the knowledge that functional decoupling can be ensured by means of an additional intermediate element arrangement at the interface between the axle and the axle mount, which also makes it easier to optimize the respective material pairing for a specific function without causing noticeable adverse side effects.If the respective intermediate element can be optimized for a specific material, especially on both the inner contact side with the axle and the outer contact side with the axle mount, the material selection for the axle and / or the axle mount can be made more independently of any wear considerations. Furthermore, the respective intermediate element can also assume the function of a secure / robust and resilient axial locking or axial fixation, thus minimizing the risk of relative movement.

[0048] If, according to the present disclosure, reference is made to an axle mount with regard to the industrial gear unit, this particularly refers to axle bores in the planetary carrier in the case of planetary carriers. However, the present disclosure generally refers to axle mounts of any design, regardless of the gear unit type. Individual exemplary embodiments are discussed in more detail below; the combinations of features described below can be combined with one another unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element which is mounted in an axially fixed manner between the axle and the axle mount in the (corresponding) axial section, and which has in at least one outer surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle mount, a positively acting structured surface (which can also be loaded in the axial direction with a corresponding normal force), which preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the axle mount, and in at least one inner surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle, a non-positively acting structured surface.This differentiation with regard to the type of force-locking and / or form-locking interaction on the respective contact side also enables a functional focus on the respective contact surface, so that the associated technical effects can be generated at the particularly advantageous interface. This also makes it possible to keep the spectrum of advantageous assembly options as broad as possible; for example, force-locking connections on flat surface sections (or cylindrical surfaces) can also realize a compression or press fit in a comparatively simple manner, even with comparatively little assembly effort. The respective external structured surface of the respective intermediate element is therefore preferably a surface optimized for form-locking, in which the axial locking is / would be ensured independently of a normal force.Preferably, the respective internal structured surface is therefore a surface optimized for frictional engagement, in which the axial locking can be generated depending on a normal force or the magnitude of this normal force. In other words: the two lateral surfaces of the respective intermediate element are preferably structured differently (in particular coarser on the outside and finer on the inside). According to a modification of this concept, both the external and the internal structured surface can each have a comparatively coarse structure and can also be provided with a comparatively fine structure (as explained in more detail below with reference to a design in the manner of an axle dowel, Z-anchor or an intermediate axle sleeve), in the form of functional redundancy thanks to both coarse and fine structures on both sides / lateral surfaces.Optionally, the axle can also have a surface structure, in addition to or as an alternative to a surface structure on the inner surface of the intermediate element.

[0050] “Form-fitting” is to be understood here as an axially secure fixation that is essentially based on the geometric characteristics of the respective surface, with this mode of action being particularly emphasized by reference to relatively coarser structures; figuratively speaking, this also refers in particular to a sawtooth pattern, a fine thread, or knurling, particularly on the axle mount. Form-fitting can preferably be ensured by the corresponding shape / geometry being present on the intermediate element, and not necessarily on the axle mount itself. Anchoring by shaping can then also be achieved thanks to different material hardnesses and a comparatively high surface pressure, in particular by the outer surface of the intermediate element digging or pressing into the corresponding inner surface of the axle mount.“Substantially by form-lock” is therefore to be understood as a connection which is essentially based on form-lock in the sense of a macroscopically geometric interlocking and which may optionally also include force-lock (whereby at least a slightly proportional force-lock may already result from different deformations and stresses on the contact surfaces, and therefore cannot / should not be completely excluded).

[0051] The terms “force-locking” and, in a narrower sense, “frictional” or “static frictional” (with reference to connections without permissible relative movement) are to be understood here in particular as meaning an axially fixed connection without the requirement of specific shaping or geometric irregularities such as edges or steps or noticeable grooves or sawtooth profiles, whereby this mode of action is particularly emphasized here by reference to relatively fine / finer structures, in particular by reference to laser structures or laser-structured surfaces, which can also be realized (or just flat) on completely flat / level surfaces (in particular cylindrical inner surfaces), on which no steps or edges need to be present in a (macroscopic) geometric sense, but which can ensure adhesion / fixation in accordance with a static friction coefficient defined by the structuring in conjunction with a normal force.Frictional locking is ensured as a function of a specific normal force acting on the contact surfaces (whereas in the case of positive locking, such a normal force is / would not necessarily be required). The present invention is therefore also based on the concept of implementing different modes of action of an axially fixed fixation on the particularly preferred contact partners or lateral surfaces, in any case comprising positive locking based on laser structures, in particular on the axis. Accordingly, "frictional locking" or "essentially through frictional locking" is to be understood as a connection that is essentially based on frictional locking and can optionally also include positive locking or can be supplemented by a positive locking mode of action, at least to a small extent (for example, if the intermediate element has comparatively coarse structures or also a shoulder or a contact surface or disc or similar contour).It is clear from this that an interaction of these two modes of action cannot be ruled out per se in practice and, according to embodiments of the present invention, may also be realized simultaneously depending on the design of individual intermediate elements, with reference to the same intermediate element, e.g., on the two lateral surfaces. The present disclosure is therefore also to be understood in such a way that when reference is made to "positive connection", the corresponding surface is provided, designed, or configured for a substantially positive connection (here: in particular or preferably at least one inner surface of the respective intermediate element facing the axle), and that when reference is made to "positive connection", the corresponding surface is designed or configured for a substantially positive connection (here: in particular or preferably at least one outer surface of the respective intermediate element facing the axle receptacle).This differentiation offers the advantage of great variability and customizability, for example in connection with different hardnesses or different layers of different materials, and thus great optimization potential for a specific transmission. The frictional connection and / or positive connection to be realized on the respective outer surface or interface does not necessarily have to be realized by a measure on the part of the intermediate element, but can also be realized by a measure on the part of the axle and / or the axle mount, optionally exclusively or optionally in combination with a measure on the intermediate element. The following exemplary embodiments will further explain and specifically illustrate this functional differentiation.

[0052] The invention is also based on the concept of designing the at least one intermediate element to be harder on at least one side (in particular on the outer surface) than the axle mount. In this way, the axle mount can be designed with advantageous material properties largely independently of wear protection requirements, and the function of the wear protection can be ensured by means of the intermediate element arrangement. Thanks to the intermediate element arrangement, material machining on the axle mount and / or the axle is therefore not necessary or only required to a greatly reduced extent. Advantageously, the intermediate element arrangement can be provided in such a way that material selection and any subsequent machining on the axle and axle mount can be carried out with as many variations and flexibility as possible with regard to requirements other than wear protection. Optionally, for example, the axle ends can be machined.According to the invention, however, this is not necessarily required. Optionally, the axle can be structured on the outside to ensure a force-locking press fit and can also be made comparatively hard (particularly martensitic hard), particularly through laser structuring.

[0053] For example, the respective intermediate element is designed on the outside with a comparatively coarse structure for positive locking, and the axle is designed with a comparatively fine structure for essentially frictional locking. Alternatively or additionally, the comparatively fine structure can also be provided on an inner surface of the intermediate element.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following configurations: slotted sleeve, shaped bushing, in particular with a contact surface (in particular L-shaped) and / or with an internal nut and / or in combination with a cone, intermediate axle bushing, in particular conical, spherical, knurled, provided with a toothing, helical or wave-shaped. These variants, described in more detail below, each also provide a particularly advantageous arrangement in certain applications, in particular relating to the bearing of planetary axles in a planetary carrier of a planetary gear.

[0055] A thrust surface facilitates the relative axial positioning of, for example, a planetary gear, for example by providing corresponding segments or support points. In contrast, a separate thrust washer is considered a rather costly solution, which would require additional securing. The concept according to the invention now enables the integration of this optional functionality in a comparatively simple and robust manner. Preferably, the axle itself is also provided with a corresponding surface structure, in particular with a comparatively fine surface structure corresponding to the inner surface of the respective intermediate element. A material for the axle that is as hard as possible, e.g. martensitic hardness, is also particularly advantageous. This allows

[0056] A very strong, force-locking press fit can be achieved on the inside of the intermediate element arrangement. The specialist can specify for a specific application example whether a particular axis should also be structured, or whether only the intermediate element should be structured.

[0057] Advantageously, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element configured for the axial positioning of a planetary gear of the industrial gearbox, for example, in combination with an integrated thrust surface. This functionality can also replace or eliminate the need for conventional thrust washers (used as separate parts).

[0058] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which has at least one layer made of a material with a hardness different from the hardness of the material of the axle and / or the axle mount. This also facilitates the targeted adjustment of a desired type of essentially force-locking adhesion by manipulating the surface characteristics of at least one lateral surface of the respective intermediate element.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises an intermediate element designed as a slotted sleeve, wherein the structured surface for positive support in the axial direction is provided on the outside in at least one axial section with a positive-fitting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or (fine) thread, or is knurled. This configuration is not least characterized by an advantageously simple basic shape and is usable for many different types of axle and axle mount pairings. In this case, the structured surface for non-positive support in the axial direction can be provided on the inside in at least one axial section with a non-positive surface structure introduced by laser structuring with an increased coefficient of static friction.This also enables very reliable, axially fixed contact on the inside. In this configuration, it can be advantageous if the axle is structured on the outside in an optimized manner for a force-locking press fit and is also comparatively hard (particularly martensitic hard), in particular by laser structuring, in particular corresponding to an internal surface structuring of the intermediate element. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the axle side are surface-structured, i.e., either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the outer lateral surface of the axle.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element configured as a slotted sleeve or slotted molded bushing. This also facilitates assembly and expands the range of applicable assembly methods.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or shaped bushing, each with an integrated contact surface or contour, wherein the structured surface is provided on the outside in at least one axial section with a form-fitting surface structure for form-fitting support in the axial direction, in particular in the form of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurled, wherein the sleeve or shaped bushing has a contact surface preferably coated with a plain bearing on the end face or has a plain bearing-coated collar. Last but not least, this design also facilitates integration at an interface between the planet carrier and the planetary axes and can advantageously minimize friction or wear on at least one end face.For frictional support in the axial direction, the structured surface can be provided on the inside in at least one axial section with a frictional surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, created by laser structuring. This also enables very reliable axially secure adhesion on the inside against axial relative movements, without the corresponding lateral surface having to be provided with an additional (in macroscopic terms) geometric shape. This also has advantages with regard to the most comprehensive possible assembly options. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the axle side are surface-structured, i.e., either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a sleeve or molded bushing comprising a surface structure in the manner of a sawtooth profile, thread, or knurling. This structure can also be specified depending on a specific lateral surface and / or specific axial position, in particular also in combination or superimposed with the laser structure described here.

[0062] According to one exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises an L-shaped shaped bushing, in particular an L-shaped shaped bushing with an inner nut or in combination with a cone, wherein the structured surface is provided on the outside in at least one axial section with a positively acting surface structure for positive support in the axial direction, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurled, wherein the shaped bushing is preferably coated with a plain bearing on its end face, wherein the shaped bushing is secured to the axis in the axial direction by means of an inner nut and / or by means of a cone. This also allows further advantages with regard to the installation situation to be achieved; for example, a retaining ring can be omitted in planetary gears.The structured surface can be provided on the inside in at least one axial section with a non-positively acting surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, introduced by laser structuring, for non-positive support in the axial direction. This also enables very reliable axially secure adhesion on the inside against axial relative movements. A / the cone provided in combination with the shaped bushing can be provided in the form of a conical axle seat, in particular at the opposite axle end of an axle enclosed by two axial sections. Such a design also offers the advantage of very effective axial load transmission (in particular in terms of relieving the load on the other contacting lateral surfaces) at one of the axle ends, in particular in conjunction with comparatively simple / advantageous assembly.Optionally, both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the side of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a molded bushing in combination with an inner nut or a cone. This allows the axle mount-axle component combination to be optionally equipped with additional functionality, particularly for a specific axial position (e.g., at only one of the axle ends).

[0064] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises a cone provided in combination with a molded bushing in the form of a conical axle seat, particularly at the opposite end of an axle enclosed by two axial sections. This provides an advantageous type of component combination of axle mount and axle, particularly in the case of a planetary gear enclosed by the planet carrier on both sides.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a conically shaped intermediate axle bushing, wherein the structured surface is provided for positive support in the axial direction on both an inner side and an outer side of the intermediate axle bushing and is provided with a positively acting surface structure, in particular in the form of a double-sided multi-conical sawtooth profile for a screw-like toothing,and wherein preferably both inside and outside a relatively finer structure comprising a force-fitting surface structure introduced by laser structuring with an increased coefficient of static friction and optionally also a surface structure produced by chemical structuring and / or surface structures based on nanostructure adhesion, in particular by cold welding, is provided (in particular both inside and outside, for the purpose of functional redundancy on both contact surfaces inside and outside),e.g., in combination with each other at different axial positions and / or different lateral surfaces. This also enables an advantageous combination of force-locking and form-locking adhesion effects both internally and externally. An intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, designed as a conically shaped intermediate axle bushing, can also have a spherical ridge profile. This also allows a deformation or tolerance compensation effect to be functionally integrated and facilitates assembly.

[0066] Optionally, both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the axle side are surface-structured, i.e., either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle. According to one exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element with a relatively coarser external structure, wherein the relatively finer laser-structured surface is provided on the axle side, optionally on the axle and / or on the intermediate element. This functional division of the at least essentially force-locking, axially fixed mode of operation or connection on the inside and the primarily, or at least to a significant extent, form-locking, axially fixed connection on the outside also provides a good compromise between manufacturing feasibility and application-specific realization, also taking into account appropriate material pairings and material hardness.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement or an individual intermediate element thereof is formed from a plurality of layers, in particular from a plurality of layers each having a different / individual (local) hardness (e.g., caused by different local hardening processes) or from different materials or material pairings each having a different / individual hardness, in particular also different from the hardness of the material of the axle or the axle mount. This also provides further variation options with regard to material and hardness pairings at the contact surfaces and therefore even greater customizability. For example, micromovements can be effectively absorbed by means of a comparatively soft core of the intermediate element, i.e., by providing a comparatively harder, more wear-resistant structure on the outside (in at least one outer layer). The person skilled in the art can, for example,Considering the advantageous materials for the axle and axle mount, it is also important to decide whether multiple layers or multiple materials (material layers) are advantageous, and what specific hardness should be provided for each. Variations in this regard must also be implemented in a highly application-specific manner.

[0068] According to one embodiment, a line density and / or direction of the structure and / or intensity and shape of the structure are individualized within at least one structured surface section of the (respective) intermediate element. This also enables an even more specific design with regard to local contact conditions, e.g., with regard to surface pressure, direction of force action, or the like.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the industrial gear unit is designed as a planetary gear unit, in which a (respective) axle mount is provided in a planet carrier of the planetary gear unit, in particular in the form of a planet carrier bore, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is arranged on at least one lateral surface of the respective axle mount in an at least substantially frictionally locking manner against axial relative movement between the planet carrier or axle mount and the axle, or has a wear-reducing or wear-preventing effect there. Last but not least, the present invention can also be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner in planetary gear units with a comparatively high number of planets or planetary axes, in particular without the high number of planets having a negative impact on rigidity.The planet carrier is designed, for example, as a cast part; the casting material can be selected largely independently of the at least one material of the at least one intermediate element.

[0070] According to one exemplary embodiment, the industrial gearbox is installed in a drive train of a wind turbine or is specifically configured for this purpose, namely as a planetary gearbox or comprising at least one planetary gear stage. This application in a comparatively highly loaded and dynamic drive train in the field of wind energy generation delivers, in particular, the advantageous wear-reducing effects described here in a particularly noticeable and sustainable manner.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the respective axle is mounted in an axially fixed manner in two axial sections in the axle holder, wherein the respective axle is mounted in an axially fixed manner in a first axial section by means of a first intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement and is mounted in an axially fixed manner in a second axial section by means of a second intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, wherein the intermediate elements each bear against the axle on at least one inner surface in a manner at least or substantially non-positively and each bear against the axle on at least one outer surface in a manner at least or substantially positively; wherein the first and second intermediate elements are optionally of the same type or of different types, in particular selected from the following group of intermediate element types: sleeve optionally with a contact surface, shaped bushing optionally in combination with an inner nut and / or cone.This variability has proven particularly advantageous in connection with different types of highly loaded planetary gears with a comparatively high number of planets and an axially fixed bearing arrangement for the individual planetary axes. Advantageously, the axial force-transmitting effect is set at least approximately the same on both axial sections (effect of the inventive measures), although the shape and / or distribution of the structures over the circumference and / or in the axial direction can be realized in a different or individual manner for each axial section.

[0072] According to one exemplary embodiment, the respective axle is mounted in two axial sections in the axle holder on both sides of the corresponding planetary gear in an axially fixed manner and thus transmits axial force, in particular in such a way that the planetary gear can be axially positioned by at least one of the intermediate elements by means of a contact surface. This also promotes maintaining the desired rigidity largely independent of the application / operational / service life and largely independent of any wear-related aspects, in particular independent of play or even minimal relative movements (which can at least be virtually excluded in each case). The respective axial force can be transmitted at least substantially, or optionally exclusively, in the axial sections defined by the respective intermediate element. Optionally, cold welding can also be implemented on at least one of the axial sections.

[0073] One aspect further relates to a manufacturing method for intermediate elements for industrial gearboxes configured as a planetary gear with wear-minimized or wear-preventing components, comprising the intermediate element arrangement described above, for example in an arrangement in a drive train of a wind turbine. The aforementioned object is also achieved by a method according to the corresponding independent method claim, namely by a method for manufacturing an intermediate element arrangement for use in an industrial gearbox configured as a planetary gear (for example, a wind turbine) in at least one axial section between at least one axle and at least one axle mount for axially fixed mounting of the axle in the axle mount, in particular for use on a planet carrier of the planetary gear.wherein, in at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, a structured surface comprising at least one (axial force-transmitting) laser-structured surface is introduced on the axle and / or axle mount side, which is configured for at least substantially frictional and optionally also positive support against axial displacement, in particular at least comprising laser structuring of an inner surface configured for frictional connection. This results in the aforementioned advantages, particularly with regard to minimized cost and manufacturing expenditure, as well as greater variation options for other transmission components, in particular for the axle and axle mount.

[0074] According to one embodiment, a substantially force-fitting surface is introduced into at least one surface section of an inner surface / lateral surface of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: laser structuring, chemical structuring, and optionally also cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on further axial sections and / or lateral surfaces. This also enables an optimized connection not only on the outer lateral surface but also on the inner lateral surface, with a different prioritization of the type of adhesion effect, namely force connection or static friction. The structured surface is preferably generated as a function of at least one predefined / predefinable specific elevation and / or density parameter, in particular in a wavy or serpentine orMeandering or scale-like structures, particularly with microscopic undercuts and without predefined spatial orientation, i.e., with a largely random orientation. This expands the possibilities for customization and also facilitates a kind of standardization when incorporating very specific surface structures or roughness characteristics.

[0075] Laser structuring, in particular, enables a very specific design / configuration of at least the inner surface of the intermediate element, particularly based on parameter variations relating to a specific static friction coefficient, e.g., with regard to the depth / height and arrangement density of the structure and with regard to the profile shape of the lasered roughness profile, as well as the normal force, i.e., based on an actual installation situation. Laser structuring has been shown to be particularly beneficial for the interface between planetary axes and planetary carriers, not least thanks to its high quality, process reliability, and reproducibility. This means that the bearing arrangement of the individual planets is not implemented differently, but rather an identical design and identical operating conditions can be ensured for all planets and carrier bores.Laser structuring, in particular, enables very precisely definable dimensions and relative positions of the individual structural segments and can also be automated relatively easily for larger quantities and integrated into other manufacturing processes. According to one embodiment, a substantially form-fitting surface is introduced into at least one surface section of an outer surface / surface of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: sawtooth profiling, fine thread cutting. This also promotes a very reliable connection between a comparatively hard intermediate element and a comparatively soft axle mount, for example, a planetary carrier designed as a cast part.

[0076] By inserting at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement between the axle and the axle mount, the corresponding component pairing can be spread apart. This results in further advantages, not only in terms of assembly but also in terms of deformation behavior, especially compared to conventional, relatively tight fits.

[0077] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by an intermediate element arrangement for an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary gear unit comprising at least one axle and at least one axle support for supporting the axle, wherein the intermediate element arrangement is designed for arrangement between the axle support and the axle, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is produced by at least one of the following steps: providing a basic form of a preferably one-piece base body of a separate intermediate element designed for wear-reducing or wear-preventing arrangement between the axle and the axle support,Introducing at least one structured surface designed for positive and optionally also non-positive support against axial relative movement into at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement by laser structuring or optionally also introducing at least one structured surface by chemical structuring or optionally also cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular at least internally on the side of the axis and optionally also on further axial sections and / or lateral surfaces, and optionally also introducing at least one structured surface designed for positive support against axial relative movement into at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement by sawtooth profiling or fine thread cutting,In particular, at least externally located on the axle mount; in particular, manufactured by a method described above or in connection with the figures. This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, particularly with regard to independent production and logistics chains and the high degree of component-specific customization already mentioned several times.

[0078] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by using an intermediate element arrangement in an industrial gearbox between an axle and an axle mount for supporting the axle, namely in a planetary gearbox (for example in a planetary gearbox stage with a comparatively high number of planets), wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement with at least one outer surface configured for positive engagement, which has a positive engagement contour in at least one outer surface section, comes to bear positively in the axle mount, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement with at least one inner surface configured for frictional engagement, which has a frictionally acting laser-structured structure in at least one inner surface section, comes to bear force- / frictionally on the axle,In particular, with the intermediate element arrangement comprising at least one intermediate element configured as a sleeve or molded bushing, each with a contact surface, in particular for existing and installed gear components, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind turbine, in particular through the corresponding use of an intermediate element arrangement previously described above. This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, particularly with regard to an efficient / effective functional breakdown of axial securing specifications into individual contact surfaces or separate components.

[0079] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by using at least one intermediate element of an intermediate element arrangement in an industrial gear unit configured as a planetary gear unit (for example in a planetary gear unit stage with a comparatively high number of planets) between an axle and an axle mount for supporting the axle, in particular in one or two axial sections between planetary axles and a planet carrier of the planetary gear unit, wherein the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is seated in a form-fitting manner in the axle mount with at least one outer circumferential surface configured for form-fitting engagement, which outer circumferential surface has, in particular, a sawtooth-like or fine-thread-like form-fitting contour in at least one outer circumferential surface section and has a relatively greater hardness than the axle mount, wherein the at least one intermediate element is seated in a form-fitting manner in the axle mount with at least one inner circumferential surface configured for force-fitting engagement,which has a force-fitting laser-structured structure in at least one inner surface section, is seated on the axle in a force-fitting / frictional manner, wherein the at least one intermediate element is / is preferably mounted thermally and / or by being driven into the axle receptacle, in particular with the at least one intermediate element configured as a sleeve or molded bushing or intermediate axle grommet, each with a contact surface, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind turbine, in particular through the corresponding use of an intermediate element arrangement described above. This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, in particular with regard to numerous advantages not only in terms of design and wear, but also in the overall context of assembling the components of an industrial gearbox.

[0080] Summary: The present invention relates to an industrial gear unit comprising at least one axle and at least one axle mount for axially fixed mounting of the axle, wherein the axle is mounted axially fixed in the axle mount in at least one axial section; wherein an intermediate element arrangement is provided acting between the axle mount and the axle in / in the at least one axial section, which intermediate element arrangement is mounted axially fixed and in an axial force-transmitting manner between the axle and the axle mount, and which has a laser-structured surface in at least one surface section on the side of the axle and / or on the side of the axle mount and is thereby configured for at least substantially non-positive and optionally also positive support against axial displacement, wherein a conical press fit or the like can additionally be provided to realize a positive connection that is ensured more on a macroscopic level.The present invention further relates to corresponding intermediate elements with laser-structured surfaces for such an intermediate element arrangement as well as manufacturing methods therefor and their use in planetary gears or.

[0081] Planetary gear stages with a comparatively high number of planets, especially for wind turbines.

[0082] SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

[0083] The following drawing figures describe the invention in more detail using preferred exemplary embodiments. The features presented below can represent an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. Reference numbers not explicitly described in a particular drawing figure refer to the other drawing figures. They each show, in schematic representation: Figure 1 shows a sectional side view of components of an industrial transmission with an intermediate element arrangement according to exemplary embodiments;

[0084] Figures 2A to 2F show views of components of an industrial gearbox or of an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0085] Figures 3A to 3C show views of components of an industrial gearbox or of an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to a further embodiment;

[0086] Figures 4 and 5 each show a sectional side view of components of an industrial gearbox with a wear-preventing intermediate element arrangement according to further embodiments;

[0087] Figures 6A, 6B show views of components of an industrial gearbox or of an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to a further embodiment;

[0088] Figures 7A to 7E show a perspective view and three side views, respectively, of components of an industrial gearbox or of an intermediate element arrangement realized therein according to a further exemplary embodiment;

[0089] Figure 8 shows individual steps of a method for producing an intermediate element arrangement according to embodiments;

[0090] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0091] The invention will first be explained with general reference to all reference numerals and figures. Special features or individual aspects of the present invention, or aspects that are clearly visible / depictable in the respective figure, will be addressed individually in connection with the respective figure.

[0092] Provided is an intermediate element arrangement 10 comprising at least one intermediate element 10a with structured surfaces 10.1, namely at least one radially outwardly extending surface section 10.1a (in particular a structured outer circumferential surface) and at least one surface section 10.1b located in the radial direction (r) (in particular a structured inner circumferential surface), wherein the structured surfaces 10.1 comprise form-fitting sections 10.3a (at least one) and force-fitting sections 10.3b (at least one). The structured surfaces 10.1, in an arrangement of the (respective) intermediate element 10a installed between an axle 101 and an axle mount 103, an axially fixed, positive / non-positive connection 20 in the axial direction (x) between the axle and the axle mount can be ensured, for example in an industrial gearbox 100 comprising at least one planetary gear stage, in particular in an arrangement between corresponding planetary axes and planetary carrier bores. In this respect, very effective wear protection can also be provided in a comparatively simple manner, in particular at the interface between a planetary carrier 105 and the planetary gears 107 that are thus guided in rotation in a planetary ring gear 109, wherein this wear protection also remains comparatively simple and variably customizable for specific areas of application.

[0093] It has been shown that a particularly advantageous embodiment of the intermediate element arrangement can be achieved in that the respective intermediate element has, in at least one outer surface section (in particular on an outer circumferential surface), i.e. on the side of the axle holder, a form-fitting structured surface with a comparatively coarse shape / structure (in particular a sawtooth profile to prevent axial protrusion, or a type of fine thread contour), which preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the axle holder, and in at least one inner surface section (in particular on an inner circumferential surface), i.e. on the side of the axle, a force-fitting structured surface with a comparatively fine laser structure (and optionally also chemically structured and / or cold-welded, in particular for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on other axial sections and / or circumferential surfaces).The respective intermediate element can be provided in particular in one of the following designs (which can be combined with one another in the case of several axial sections XI, X2 of the axle to be supported): slotted sleeve or shaped bushing, in particular with integrated contact surface and / or with internal nut and / or in combination with cone, intermediate axle sleeve, in particular conically shaped.

[0094] For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of a sleeve 11, in particular as a slotted sleeve comprising at least one slot 11.1. Optionally, a contact surface or disk 12 can also be provided on the sleeve, in particular with at least one surface or end face 12.1 coated with a plain bearing and / or with radial slots or similar recesses 12.3. For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of an L-shaped shaped bushing 13, in particular with an internal (groove) nut 14.1 and / or in combination with a cone 14.3 (conical axle seat, in particular with two axial sections XI, X2 each provided with an intermediate element). The L-shaped shaped bushing preferably has at least one surface 13.1 or end face coated with a plain bearing.The shaped bushing can also be provided with an internal (groove) nut, optionally also in combination with a cone, largely independently of the geometry selected in the individual case.

[0095] For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in a design in the manner of an intermediate axle bushing 15 (in particular conically shaped), or as an axle dowel or axle anchor, wherein the structured surfaces are provided on both an inner side and an outer side and are provided with a form-fitting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a double-sided, multiple-conical sawtooth profiling, wherein preferably both the inside and the outside a relatively finer structure comprising a force-fitting surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction is provided, in particular by laser structuring and optionally also by chemical structuring and / or cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on further axial sections and / or lateral surfaces. For example, a conically shaped intermediate axle bushing with a spherical comb profiling is provided.Optionally, both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the side of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.

[0096] The present invention is also related to a manufacturing method relating to individual intermediate elements (in particular the types described in detail here) or an intermediate element arrangement or a wear-reduced industrial gear equipped therewith. In a first step S1, a basic shape or a preferably one-piece base body of a (separately provided) intermediate element 10a is provided, which, in particular due to the material and / or hardness and the structuring to be carried out thereon, is designed for a wear-reducing or wear-preventing arrangement between the axle and the axle mount. In a further step S2, a form-fitting structure is introduced into at least one outer surface section 10.1a, in particular by sawtooth profiling or fine thread cutting.In a further step S3, a force-locking structure is introduced into at least one internal surface section 10.1b, in particular by laser structuring and / or chemical structuring and / or cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion (chemical structuring and / or cold welding, in particular, also on other axial sections and / or lateral surfaces). Subsequently, in a further step S4, a desired intermediate element can be provided and, for example, mounted between the axle and the axle mount using the steps mentioned elsewhere here, for example, also in transmissions already installed or in operation.

[0097] In the following, special features of the invention are explained with reference to individual figures or embodiments.

[0098] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary application / use of the intermediate element arrangement 10 according to the invention (here, a single intermediate element 10a is indicated as an example at one of the ends of the axle), with reference to a planet carrier 105 with axle holder 103 and planetary axles 101 mounted thereon in an axially fixed manner in one or two axial sections. The respective planet gear 107 is held in a predefined axial position by means of the planet carrier 105 and is guided in rotation in the planetary ring gear 109. The following figures show different exemplary embodiments which can also be implemented, for example, in a transmission or an installation situation as shown in Fig. 1, optionally at one or both axle ends or contact areas between the axle and axle holder.As already explained above, the installation situation can also be selected differently, for example in a different location or in a different type of gearbox.

[0099] Figures 2A to 2F illustrate an embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a slotted sleeve: The intermediate element 10a is designed as a sleeve with an external form-fitting surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or fine thread) and is anchored against the (axial) expulsion direction between the axle and the axle mount, wherein the sleeve is preferably hardened or nitrided. The outer circumferential surface of the sleeve can be pressed into the axle mount (e.g., cast bore) and provide wear protection for the axle mount (e.g., for a planet carrier made of cast material or for a cast carrier). A force-fitting press fit is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve on the axle side, preferably with a laser-structured surface, wherein the surface is preferably martensitic hard.The intermediate element 10a provides at least one substantially positive connection on the radially outer contact surface and at least one substantially non-positive connection with a high coefficient of friction on the radially inner contact surface (in particular, a laser-structured inner surface). The sleeve is made, for example, of sheet metal (bent) or is manufactured as a sleeve, whereby the positional tolerance of the axle connection can remain at least approximately identical.

[0100] Fig. 2A shows an intermediate element arrangement 10 comprising two intermediate elements 10a configured as sleeves 11 (or based on the basic shape of a sleeve) in two different axial sections at the two ends of a planetary axis. Fig. 2B shows a detailed view of one of the two axial sections with wear-reduced bearings. Fig. 2C illustrates the surface structure of an outer circumferential surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10a, namely a sawtooth profile with a greater / stronger positive connection to the left than to the right (i.e., a force directed to the left when viewed in Fig. 2C). Fig. 2D shows a first embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element, wherein the intermediate element has a slot 11.1 or is continuously slotted in the axial direction. Fig. 2E shows a further embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element. Fig.2F shows a further embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element in which the structured outer surface is present only over a section (approximately 50%) of the absolute length of the outer surface, namely in a section which is further axially inward when arranged as intended around the axis.

[0101] Figures 3A to 3C illustrate an embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a sleeve with an integrated contact surface: The intermediate element 10a is designed as a sleeve with an externally positive-locking surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or fine thread) and is anchored against the (axial) expulsion direction between the axle and the axle mount, wherein the sleeve is preferably hardened or nitrided. The outer circumferential surface of the sleeve can be pressed into the axle mount (e.g., cast bore) and provide wear protection for the axle mount (e.g., for a planet carrier made of cast material or for a cast carrier). The end face of the sleeve is preferably coated with a plain bearing. A force-locking press fit is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve on the axle side, preferably with a laser-structured surface, wherein the surface is preferably martensitic hard.The sleeve can be slotted and fulfill a variety of functions, in particular providing positive wear protection on the axle mount (e.g., cast carrier) and providing support material for laser or build-up welding of a run-up contour. This eliminates the need for precision machining, particularly with regard to the width across flats on the run-up contour and the axle mount (only a flat mirror surface), and a rotation-proof arrangement can be provided in a comparatively simple manner.

[0102] Fig. 3A illustrates an embodiment with two sleeves installed in a mirror image with an integrated thrust surface. Fig. 3B shows in detail the structured outer surface 10.1a (present at least approximately over the entire length) and the thrust surface section 12, wherein the thrust surface section has at least one plain bearing-coated end face 12.1 and a plurality of radial slots 12.3 with stress relief bores. Fig. 3C illustrates a / the surface structure of an outer surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10a, namely a sawtooth profile with a greater / stronger positive connection to the left than to the right.

[0103] In particular, the design of the respective intermediate element 10a described here as a sleeve can also be arranged in the manner of a clamping connection between the axle and the axle mount.

[0104] Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as an L-shaped shaped bushing with an internal grooved nut: The shaped bushing with grooved nut 14.1 has a form-fitting outer surface (in particular with a sawtooth profile or fine thread) and is secured against the axial expulsion direction and is preferably made of hardened or nitrided material. The outer surface of the L-shaped shaped bushing can be pressed into the axle mount (e.g. cast bore) and provide very effective wear protection for the axle mount (e.g. for a planet carrier made of cast material or for a cast carrier). One / the end face is preferably coated in the manner or with regard to the functionality of a thrust washer (in particular in the manner of a plain bearing coating). Advantageously, for example, a retaining ring on the axle can also be omitted.An axial load can be transmitted to at least one inner surface by frictional engagement (preferably by means of a laser-cut structure, in particular a sawtooth pattern), whereby axial locking can be achieved by an internal grooved nut in the formed bushing. Preloading of the axle can be hydraulically applied or pulled. Optionally, a slotted design can be provided in conjunction with a conical bore, with the respective starting contour preferably having a spherical profile to effectively accommodate plastic deformation.

[0105] Fig. 5 illustrates a design of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as an L-shaped molded bushing in combination with a cone 14.3: By means of a / the conical axle seat, even comparatively large axial loads can be transmitted in a very secure / robust manner, wherein the cone can be designed to be self-locking or can be secured against pulling out / wandering by a corresponding securing device. A corresponding ring can be slotted like a circlip. Optionally, a relief groove can be provided. The design according to Fig. 5 also illustrates that the present invention can be optimized in a comparatively variable manner for specific applications, depending on different requirements for an axial securing device or the ability to transmit comparatively high axial loads.

[0106] Figures 6A and 6B illustrate a configuration of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a conically shaped intermediate axle bushing 15: The intermediate axle bushing (according to the present disclosure also referred to as an axle dowel or axle anchor, whereby the term “dowel” here is intended to refer in particular to the form-fitting contour), particularly in a slightly conical configuration, can lead to local plastic deformation of the axle receptacle or support bore when the axle is struck in, and can spread the material of the intermediate axle bushing or the dowel material. In this case, form-fitting engagement exists as intended primarily between the axle receptacle and the axle bushing / dowel (i.e. on the outer contact surface of the intermediate element), so that the arrangement is secured against axial withdrawal / wandering. Disassembly can be carried out, for example, by unscrewing spiral-shaped dowels or by means of pressurized oil (hydraulically).However, the intermediate element still acts primarily in a force- or friction-locking manner (particularly both internally and externally), with the radial forces preferably decreasing steadily at the bore ends (preferably spherical comb profile, comb tips smoothed), whereby a retaining ring can be omitted, and whereby the axle clamping can advantageously be extended. The axle dowel 15 can also be thickened on one side in order to compensate for positional tolerances of the support bores by orientation during assembly. Alternatively or in addition to the conical design, the coefficient of friction can also be increased by laser structuring or optionally by chemical structuring and / or cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, optionally also in combination with knurling or shaping according to a knurl (e.g. by milling, embossing, pressing).With regard to a potential relative movement axially outwards, the proportional static friction force can be advantageously increased, whereby the advantageously high compressive strength of the carrier material can also be utilized. To facilitate deformation, the dowel 15 can optionally be slotted or segmented. The material of the eight-shaft sleeve is preferably hardened or nitrided, optionally with or without a coating to facilitate assembly. The bores can be drilled, for example, inductively or by cold joining. The shaft ends can be designed, for example, with a straight cylindrical, conical or helically profiled. Side note: Fig. 6B illustrates only part of the circumferentially ring-shaped intermediate shaft sleeve 15 in a sectional view.

[0107] Figures 7A to 7E illustrate a design of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a sleeve 11 with an integrated starting contour 12 in different views of the installation situation: Fig. 7A shows the axle mount 103. Fig. 7B shows the at least one intermediate element 10a in its intended arrangement between the axle and the axle mount in a highly magnified manner. Fig. 7C shows the axle and the axle mount across the entire thickness of the axle. Figs. 7D and 7E show in detail an / the external surface structure 10.1a with a surface section 10.3a of the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement configured for positive locking.

[0108] Fig. 8 schematically shows individual steps of a manufacturing method for an intermediate element arrangement 10 described here, namely: Step S1: Providing a basic mold or a base body of a separate intermediate element; Step S2: Introducing a form-fitting structure; Step S3: Introducing a force-fitting structure; Step S4: Assembling the respective intermediate element. The manufacturing method can optionally comprise steps S1 to S3 or all steps S1 to S4, depending on whether the manufacturing concerns only the individual intermediate elements 10a or the entire intermediate element arrangement 10 or the corresponding industrial gear 100.

[0109] List of reference symbols

[0110] 10 Intermediate element arrangement

[0111] 10a Intermediate element

[0112] 10.1 structured surface

[0113] 10.1a, 10.1b radially outer or inner surface(s)

[0114] 10.3a positive section

[0115] 10.3b force-locking section

[0116] 11 Sleeve, especially slotted sleeve

[0117] 11.1 Slot

[0118] 12 Starting contour or starting surface(s)

[0119] 12.1 plain bearing coated surface / end face

[0120] 12.3 Radial slots or similar recesses

[0121] 13 Formed bushing, e.g. L-shaped

[0122] 13.1 plain bearing coated surface / end face

[0123] 14.1 Inner nut

[0124] 14.3 Cone (conical axle seat)

[0125] 15 Intermediate axle bushing, especially conical shaped

[0126] 20 axially fixed form-locking / force-locking connection between axle and axle mount

[0127] 100 industrial gearboxes

[0128] 101 Axis, especially planetary axis

[0129] 103 Axle mount, e.g. cast bore, especially planet carrier bore

[0130] 105 planet carrier

[0131] 107 Planet or planetary gear

[0132] 109 Planetary ring gear with internal teeth

[0133] 51 Providing a basic shape or a basic body of a separate intermediate element

[0134] 52 Introduction of a form-fitting structure

[0135] 53 Introduction of a force-locking structure

[0136] 54 Assembly of the respective intermediate element

[0137] XI, X2 first and second axial section in axle mount x, r axial direction, radial direction

Claims

Patent claims 1. An industrial gear unit (100), namely a planetary gear unit, in particular for a wind turbine, comprising at least one axle (101) and at least one axle mount (103) for axially fixed mounting of the axle, wherein the axle is axially fixedly mounted in the axle mount in at least one axial section (XI, X2); characterized in that an intermediate element arrangement (10) is provided between the axle mount (103) and the axle (101), acting in / in the at least one axial section, which intermediate element arrangement is axially fixedly mounted between the axle and the axle mount, wherein the intermediate element arrangement has, in at least one surface section (10.1a, 10.1b) on the axle side and / or on the axle mount side, a structured surface (10.1) comprising at least one laser-structured surface (10.1) configured to provide support against axial displacement.

2. Industrial gear (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following configurations: slotted sleeve, shaped bushing, shaped bushing with inner nut, shaped bushing in combination with cone, intermediate axle bushing.

3. Industrial gear (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which has at least one structured surface in at least one of the following geometric configurations, in particular on its outer surface: conical, spherical, knurled, provided with a toothing, screw-shaped or wave-shaped.

4. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed to be inserted in the manner of a dowel between the axle and the axle holder.

5. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one laser-structured surface is introduced in a circumferential position-specific manner.

6. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises a plurality of intermediate elements which, together with the respective (planetary) axis, structurally simulate support bars of the planetary carrier.

7. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element which is mounted in an axially fixed manner between the axle and the axle holder in the axial section, and which has a form-fitting structured surface in at least one outer surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle holder, which preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the axle holder, and has a force-fitting structured surface in at least one inner surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle.

8. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which has at least one layer made of a material with a hardness different from the hardness of the material of the axle and / or the axle holder.

9. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a slotted sleeve, wherein the structured surface for positive support in the axial direction in at least one axial section is provided on the outside with a positively acting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurled.

10. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a slotted sleeve or slotted shaped bushing.

11. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a sleeve or shaped bushing comprising a surface structure in the manner of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurling.

12. Industrial gear unit (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a shaped bushing, in particular as an L-shaped shaped bushing with an inner nut or comprising an L-shaped shaped bushing in combination with a cone, wherein the structured surface for positive support in the axial direction in at least one axial section is provided on the outside with a positively acting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurled, wherein the shaped bushing is preferably coated with a plain bearing on the end face, wherein the shaped bushing is secured to the axis in the axial direction by means of an inner nut or by means of a cone.

13. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a shaped bushing in combination with an inner nut or a cone.

14. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement has a cone provided in combination with a shaped bushing in the form of a conical axle seat, in particular at the opposite axle end of an axle enclosed at two axial sections.

15. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element with a has a relatively coarser structure on the outside, wherein the relatively finer laser-structured surface is provided on the side of the axle. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is formed from a plurality of layers, in particular from a plurality of layers each having a different / individual hardness or from different materials or material pairs each having a different / individual hardness, in particular also different from the hardness of the material of the axle or the axle mount. Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within at least one structured surface section of the intermediate element, at least one of the following configurations is individualized: line density, direction of the structure, intensity and shape of the structure.Industrial gear unit (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the industrial gear unit is designed as a planetary gear unit, in which a / the respective axle mount is provided in a planet carrier of the planetary gear unit, in particular in the form of a planet carrier bore, and wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is arranged on at least one lateral surface of the respective axle mount in an at least substantially force-locking manner against axial relative movement between the planet carrier or axle mount and the axle, or acts there to reduce or prevent wear. Industrial gear unit (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the industrial gear unit is installed in a drive train of a wind turbine or is configured to include at least one planetary gear unit.Industrial gear (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective axis is axially fixed in two axial sections (XI, X2) in the axis holder, wherein the respective axis is axially fixed in a first axial section by means of a first intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement and in a second. The axial section is axially fixedly mounted by means of a second intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, wherein the intermediate elements each bear against the axle at least or substantially in a force-fitting manner on at least one inner surface and each bear against the axle at least or substantially in a form-fitting manner on at least one outer surface; wherein the first and second intermediate elements are optionally of the same type or of different types, in particular selected from the following group of intermediate element types: sleeve, shaped bushing, optionally in combination with an inner nut and / or cone. Industrial gear unit (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective axle is axially fixedly mounted in two axial sections (XI, X2) in the axle mount on both sides of a / the corresponding planet gear.Method for producing an intermediate element arrangement for use in an industrial gear unit (100), namely in a planetary gear unit, in particular of a wind turbine, in at least one axial section between at least one axle and at least one axle receptacle for axially fixed mounting of the axle in the axle receptacle, in particular for use on a planet carrier of the planetary gear unit, wherein in at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, on the side of the axle and / or on the side of the axle receptacle, a structured surface comprising at least one laser-structured surface is introduced, which is designed for at least substantially non-positive and optionally also positive support against axial displacement.Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in at least one surface section of an inner surface / lateral surface of the at least one intermediate element, a substantially force-fitting surface is introduced by at least one of the following steps, wherein the structured surface is preferably generated as a function of at least one predefined / predefinable specific elevation and / or density parameter, in particular in a wave-like or serpentine structure or in a scale-like structure: laser structuring, chemical structuring; or wherein in at least one surface section of a. outer surface / lateral surface of the at least one intermediate element, a substantially form-fitting surface is introduced by at least one of the following steps: sawtooth profiling, fine thread cutting; or wherein when at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is introduced between the axle and the axle receptacle, the corresponding component pairing is spread. Intermediate element arrangement (10) for an industrial gearbox (100) according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising at least one axle and at least one axle receptacle for supporting the axle, wherein the intermediate element arrangement is designed to be arranged between the axle receptacle and the axle, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is produced by at least one of the following steps: providing a basic shape of a preferably one-piece base body of a separate intermediate element designed to reduce or eliminate wear.Wear-preventing arrangement between the axle and the axle mount, introducing at least one laser-structured surface designed for positive and optionally also non-positive support against axial relative movement into at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement by laser structuring and optionally also introducing at least one structured surface by chemical structuring or optionally also cold welding, and optionally also introducing at least one structured surface designed for positive support against axial relative movement into at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement by sawtooth profiling or fine thread cutting; in particular produced by a method according to claim 22 or 23.Use of an intermediate element arrangement (10) in an industrial gearbox (100) according to one of claims 1 to 21 between an axle and an axle holder for supporting the axle, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement (10) with at least one outer circumferential surface designed for positive locking, which has a positive locking contour in at least one outer circumferential surface section, comes to rest in a positive locking manner in the axle holder, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement (10) with at least one designed for frictional locking. Inner circumferential surface, which has a non-positively acting laser-structured structure in at least one inner circumferential surface section, comes into contact with the axle in a force-frictional manner, in particular with the intermediate element arrangement comprising at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or shaped bushing, each with a contact surface, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind turbine. Use of at least one intermediate element (10a) of an intermediate element arrangement (10) in an industrial gear (100) according to one of claims 1 to 21 between an axle and an axle receptacle for supporting the axle, in particular in one or two axial sections between planetary axles and a planet carrier, wherein the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is provided with at least one outer circumferential surface designed for positive locking,which has, in at least one outer surface section, a particularly sawtooth-like or fine-thread-like form-fitting contour and has a relatively greater hardness than the axle mount, sits positively in the axle mount, wherein the at least one intermediate element (10a) with at least one inner surface designed for frictional engagement, which has, in at least one inner surface section, a non-positively acting laser-structured structure, sits frictionally on the axle, wherein the at least one intermediate element is preferably mounted thermally andZor by being driven into the axle mount, in particular with the at least one intermediate element configured as a sleeve or molded bushing or intermediate axle grommet, each with a contact surface, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind turbine.

Images