Electrical connector

Abstract

The invention proposes constructing a coupling (4) of an electrical plug-in connector with a sleeve-shaped socket (6) in which annular contact elements (7) are arranged coaxially and radially movable in a stack (18). The annular contact elements (7) have slots (9) running in a circumferential direction, in which frame-shaped contact connectors (14) are arranged, which hold the annular contact elements (7) together as a stack (18). The slots (9) form arcuate, inner and outer spring clips (13, 12) which enable coaxial alignment of the annular contact elements (7) on a contact pin of a plug. The inner spring clips (13) are supported on the outer spring clips (12) via pressure pieces (22) in the slots (9), whereby a high contact pressure is achieved.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an electrical connector having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] An electrical connector is known from patent application EP 2 595 250 A1. The known electrical connector comprises a plug with a pin-shaped contact pin and a coupling with annular contact elements that are arranged coaxially as a stacked package in a sleeve-shaped, electrically conductive socket. To create an electrically conductive plug connection, the contact pin of the plug is inserted into the coaxially stacked, annular contact elements of the coupling. To enable radial spring action, the annular contact elements are open at one circumferential point. To increase contact pressure, the annular contact elements have outwardly projecting pressure projections at several circumferential points that bear against the inside of the socket of the coupling, and inwardly projecting contact projections at two opposite circumferential points that bear against the contact pin of the plug with preload when the plug is inserted.

[0003] The object of the invention is to improve the coupling of such an electrical connector with regard to the ability of the plug to be inserted into the coupling and with regard to a low electrical contact resistance between the plug and the coupling.

[0004] This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0005] The electrical connector according to the invention comprises a plug with a pin-shaped contact pin and a coupling into which the plug can be inserted to establish an electrically conductive connection between the plug and the coupling. The contact pin is, in particular, a cylindrical pin.

[0006] The coupling has at least two coaxially arranged, annular, and electrically conductive contact elements, between which a spacer ring is arranged coaxially. Preferably, the coupling has more than one annular contact element on one, and preferably on each, side of the spacer ring. "Coaxially" is also understood here to mean a radial offset of the annular contact elements and / or the spacer ring, which allows axial insertion of the contact pin of the plug into the annular contact elements and the spacer ring of the coupling. In particular, the annular contact elements and the spacer ring are arranged as a stack, which means that the annular contact elements and the spacer ring abut one another with their end faces or end surfaces.For radial springing, the annular contact elements can be open at a circumferential point or they can be closed in the circumferential direction, whereby a closed ring does not exclude radial springing.

[0007] According to the invention, the annular contact elements have slots extending in a circumferential direction, which can also be understood as elongated holes or as openings or perforations in the annular contact elements extending in the circumferential direction of the annular contact elements. The slots are distributed evenly or irregularly over a circumference of the annular contact elements. The circumferentially extending slots form outer, arcuate, and radially resilient spring clips on an outer circumference of the slots and inner, likewise arcuate and radially resilient spring clips on an inner circumference of the slots of the annular contact elements.

[0008] Furthermore, the coupling of the electrical connector according to the invention has pressure pieces arranged in the slots of the annular contact elements of the coupling. The pressure pieces rest on the inside of the outer spring clips of the annular contact elements—at least when the contact pin of the plug is inserted into the annular contact elements—in such a way that the pressure pieces are elastically supported radially from the outside by the outer spring clips of the annular contact elements.Internally, the pressure pieces rest against the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements—at least when the plug's contact pin is inserted into the annular contact elements—in such a way that the pressure pieces press the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements from the outside against the plug's contact pin when the plug is inserted into the coupling, i.e., the plug's contact pin is inserted into the annular contact elements and through the coupling's spacer ring. If the plug's contact pin is not inserted into the annular contact elements and through the spacer ring, the pressure pieces may have play in the slots of the annular contact elements, meaning they may be radially movable in the slots.However, it is also possible that the pressure pieces do not have any play in the slots of the annular contact elements, but rest on the inner and / or outer spring clips of the annular contact elements with or without preload when the contact pin of the plug is not inserted into the annular contact elements and through the spacer ring of the coupling of the electrical connector.

[0009] Thanks to the pressure pieces arranged in the slots of the annular contact elements, the connector according to the invention achieves a high contact pressure of its plug in the coupling, which creates a good electrical connection between the plug and the coupling with low electrical resistance. The contact pressure is the pressing force of the annular contact elements against the inserted contact pin of the plug relative to a contact surface with which the annular contact elements bear against the contact pin. The radial elasticity of the support of the pressure pieces with the spring clips of the annular contact elements enables a low insertion force for inserting the contact pin into the annular contact elements and the spacer ring, relative to the contact pressure.

[0010] The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention.

[0011] Preferably, the contact pin of the plug of the electrical connector according to the invention has an oversize with respect to the annular contact elements of the coupling, which means that the contact pin, when it is or will be plugged into the annular contact elements of the coupling, rests on the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements and presses the inner spring clips outwards, whereby the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements rest on the pressure pieces in the slots of the annular contact elements and press the pressure pieces outwards.The outwardly pressed pressure pieces press from the inside against the outer spring clips of the ring-shaped contact elements, which in turn elastically support the pressure pieces radially from the outside, whereby a high contact pressure can be achieved and at the same time a radial tolerance is achieved which ensures a pre-tensioned contact of all inner spring clips of the ring-shaped contact elements on the contact pin of the plug.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular contact elements have contact projections projecting inward from their inner spring clips and / or pressure projections projecting outward from the inner spring clips. The contact projections projecting inward from the inner spring clips bear against the contact pin of the plug with preload when the contact pin is inserted into the annular contact elements, increasing the contact pressure. The pressure projections projecting outward from the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements bear against the pressure pieces in the slots of the annular contact elements such that the pressure pieces support the inner spring clips radially from the outside on the pressure projections.The contact projections can be arranged at the same circumferential locations as the pressure projections, i.e., opposite one another inside and outside on the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements, or the contact projections can be arranged offset in the circumferential direction from the pressure projections inside and outside on the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements. The contact projections and the pressure projections are arranged in the longitudinal centers of the spring clips or in the longitudinal center regions of the spring clips and in any case at a distance from the ends of the slots in the annular contact elements on the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements, i.e., in a radially resilient region of the inner spring clips. A longitudinal direction of the inner spring clips extends in the circumferential direction of the annular contact elements.

[0013] The contact pressure, i.e. the pressure with which the annular contact elements or their inner spring clips or the contact projections on the inner spring clips of the annular contact elements bear against the contact pin of the plug inserted into the annular contact elements, is preferably at least 20 N / mm 2< . At this contact pressure, a plastic surface deformation occurs at contact points of the contact pin and / or in particular of the annular contact elements, which brings about a highly electrically conductive connection between the contact pin and the annular contact elements with low electrical contact resistance and counteracts corrosion, which increases the electrical resistance, within the contact surfaces in which the annular contact elements bear against the contact pin.

[0014] A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the slots of the annular contact elements running in the circumferential direction overlap one another in the axial direction. In a further development of this embodiment of the invention, the spacer ring also has slots running in the circumferential direction, which overlap the slots in the annular contact elements in the axial direction. The slots in the annular contact elements and in the spacer ring overlap one another to such an extent that, for example, contact connectors for connecting the annular contact elements and the spacer ring can be inserted axially parallel into the slots of the annular contact elements and the spacer ring. The pressure pieces in the slots of the annular contact elements do not extend into the slots in the spacer ring, but are located outside the spacer ring or end in front of the spacer ring.As a result, the pressure pieces are not hindered from radial movement by the spacer ring in such a way that the spacer ring does not hinder the radial spring action of the spring clips of the annular contact elements via the pressure pieces.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling comprises contact connectors that extend through the slots in the annular contact elements and the slots in the spacer ring, holding the annular contact elements and the spacer ring together as a stacked package, i.e., with their end faces or end surfaces adjacent to one another. In this way, an assembly comprising the annular contact elements and the spacer ring is formed.

[0016] Preferably, the annular contact elements are radially movable relative to one another and to the spacer ring such that they can align themselves coaxially with the contact pin of the plug inserted into them.

[0017] One embodiment provides for the contact connectors to be designed such that they expand in the circumferential direction, i.e., lengthen, when they are compressed in the axial direction with respect to the coupling. Upon installation in the coupling or during assembly of the coupling, the contact connectors in this embodiment of the invention are compressed axially and thereby expanded in the circumferential direction such that they rest against the circumferential ends of the slots in the annular contact elements and preferably also against the circumferential ends of the slots in the spacer ring. As a result, the contact connectors radially align the annular contact elements and preferably also the spacer ring and / or axially align the slots. The compression and expansion of the contact connectors can be elastic and / or plastic.

[0018] In order to connect the annular contact elements and the spacer ring to the stack, in one embodiment of the invention the contact connectors overlap the annular contact elements on one and preferably on both end faces of the stack.

[0019] A further development of the invention provides that the contact connectors are or will be inserted into the slots of the stacked annular contact elements from opposite end faces of the stacked annular contact elements and overlap the annular contact elements stacked as a package and the spacer ring on opposite end faces of the stack and hold them together axially.

[0020] In one embodiment of the invention, the contact connectors have square frames whose sides form spring clips. The frames are curved according to a curvature of the slots in the annular contact elements running in the circumferential direction of the annular contact elements in such a way that they can be inserted into the slots parallel to the axis from the end faces of the annular contact elements stacked as a package. Sides or spring clips of the contact connectors running in the circumferential direction are preferably curved outwards in a direction parallel to the axis or are also shaped angularly outwards in such a way that they expand in the circumferential direction when they are pressed together parallel to the axis. As a result, the sides or spring clips of the contact connectors running in the circumferential direction are moved apart in the circumferential direction when the sides or spring clips of the contact connectors running in the circumferential direction are pressed together parallel to the axis.In this way, the axially parallel sides or spring clips of the contact connectors can be clamped in the circumferential direction against the circumferential ends of the slots in the annular contact elements and in this way the annular contact elements can be aligned radially and in their angular position to one another.

[0021] In embodiments of the invention, webs protrude from the sides or spring clips of the contact connectors having square frames running in the circumferential direction as pressure pieces into the slots in the annular contact elements, which end in front of the spacer ring, i.e. do not protrude into the slots in the spacer ring.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling of the electrical connector comprises a socket made of an electrically conductive material, in which the annular contact elements and the support ring are accommodated. Preferably, the annular contact elements and the support ring are radially movable within the socket and also relative to each other. The socket can, for example, comprise a sleeve that encloses the annular contact elements and the spacer ring and in which the annular contact elements are axially held.

[0023] All features mentioned in the description and / or illustrated in the drawings can be implemented individually or in any combination in embodiments of the invention. Embodiments of the invention that include only a portion of the features of a claim, including the independent claim, are possible.

[0024] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing. In the drawings: Figure 1 a perspective view of an electrical connector according to the invention with the plug unplugged; Figure 2 an axial section of the electrical connector from Figure 1 with the plug inserted; Figure 3 a contact connector of a coupling of the electrical connector Figures 1 and 2 ; Figure 4 an annular contact element of the coupling of the electrical connector made of Figures 1 and 2 ; Figure 5 a spacer ring of the coupling of the electrical connector Figures 1 and 2 ; and Figure 6 a perspective exploded view of the coupling of the electrical connector from Figures 1 and 2 according to the invention.

[0025] The Figures 1 and 2The electrical connector 1 according to the invention shown here serves for an electrically conductive connection of, for example, two cables not shown. It is intended for high electrical currents of several hundred A to over 1000 A and for high electrical voltages of several hundred V to over 1000 V.

[0026] The electrical connector 1 according to the invention comprises a plug 2 with a contact pin 3 and a coupling 4 into which the contact pin 3 can be inserted to establish an electrically conductive connection between the plug 2 and the coupling 4. Inserting the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 into the coupling 4 can also be referred to as inserting the plug 2 into the coupling 4 or as "plugging in" the plug 2.

[0027] The contact pin 3 of the plug 2 is electrically conductive and cylindrical with an ellipsoidal end for insertion into the coupling 4.

[0028] The clutch 4 (see also Figure 6) has a cylindrical tubular socket 6 with an inwardly projecting radial flange 5 and annular contact elements 7 as well as a spacer ring 8, which are accommodated in the socket 6. An annular contact element 7 is available as a single part in Figure 4 and the spacer ring 8 as a single part in Figure 5shown. Both the socket 6 and the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 are made of an electrically conductive material, for example, the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 are punched or laser-cut from sheet metal. Axially, the spacer ring 8 is arranged in the middle between the annular contact elements 7, so to speak as a middle ring. In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling 4 has eight annular contact elements 7, i.e. four annular contact elements 7 on each end face of the contact ring 7. Designs of the coupling 4 with more or fewer annular contact elements 7 are possible. In principle, only one spacer ring 8 is provided, although more spacer rings 8 are not excluded.Also, the spacer ring 8 does not always have to be arranged in the middle between the annular contact elements 7 but can also be arranged off-center, but preferably not as an outer ring on one side of all the annular contact elements 7.

[0029] The annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 are coaxial and stacked, i.e. arranged with their end faces adjacent to each other.

[0030] The annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 have arcuate slots 9, 10 extending in a circumferential direction of the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8, which are congruent or essentially congruent when viewed axially with respect to the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8. In the exemplary embodiment, the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 each have four slots 9, 10 that are evenly distributed over the circumference, i.e., offset from one another by 90° in the circumferential direction. The slots 9, 10 can also be understood as arcuate elongated holes, openings, or perforations extending in the circumferential direction in the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8. They extend over approximately 70 to 80° in the circumferential direction such that radial webs 11 exist at the circumferential ends of the slots 9, 10 between the slots 9, 10.

[0031] Through the slots 9 in the annular contact elements 7, radially outer, arcuate, radially resilient outer spring clips 12 and radially inner, arcuate, radially resilient inner spring clips 13 are formed on the annular contact elements 7.

[0032] Contact connectors 14 are arranged in the slots 9, 10 of the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8. Figure 3shows a contact connector 7 as a single part. The contact connectors 14 are preferably also made of an electrically conductive material; in the exemplary embodiment, they are punched or laser-cut from sheet metal and are curved one-dimensionally according to the arcuate shape of the slots 9, 10. Viewed radially, the contact connectors 14 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment of the invention have the shape of quadrangular frames with axially parallel sides 16 and with sides extending in the circumferential direction, wherein the sides of the frames extending in the circumferential direction form spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14.

[0033] The spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14, which extend in the circumferential direction, are curved outwards in the radial direction in accordance with the arcuate shape of the slots 9 in the annular contact elements 7.

[0034] The contact connectors 14 are inserted from opposite sides axially parallel into the slots 9, 10 in the annular contact elements 7 and in the spacer ring 8 and hold the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 as a stack.

[0035] Each of the circumferentially extending spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14 projects at its circumferential ends in the circumferential direction as a support 17 over the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 14. The supports 17 overlap the package 18 of the coaxially stacked annular contact elements 7 at its end faces and hold the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 together as a package 18 ( Figure 6). Because the contact connectors 7 are inserted alternately from opposite end faces into the slots 8, 9 of the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8, their supports 17 alternately overlap the annular contact elements 7 on both end faces of the package 18 and hold the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 together as a package 18. The annular contact elements 7, the spacer ring 8, and the contact connectors 14 form an assembly that is assembled and inserted as a whole into the socket 6 of the coupling 4.

[0036] The circumferentially extending spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14 are curved outward in a direction parallel to the axis or shaped outward at a very obtuse angle such that the ends of the spring clips 15 move away from each other in the circumferential direction when the circumferentially extending spring clips 15 are axially compressed. As a result, the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 14 also move away from each other in the circumferential direction.

[0037] In the socket 6 of the coupling 4 of the plug connector 1 according to the invention, the contact connectors 14 are clamped axially between the radial flange 5 of the socket 6 and a retaining ring 19, which is inserted into a groove 20 running circumferentially inside the socket 6 on a side opposite the radial flange 5. By axially clamping the contact connectors 14 between the radial flange 5 and the retaining ring 19 of the socket 6, the spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14, which extend in the circumferential direction and are axially parallel and curved outwardly or are angularly shaped, are compressed axially parallel, whereby they lengthen in the circumferential direction and the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 14 move away from each other in the circumferential direction.As a result, the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 14 are applied in the circumferential direction against the circumferential ends of the slots 8, 9 in the annular contact elements 7 and in the spacer ring 8, whereby the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 7 align the slots 9, 10 of the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 congruently with one another. As a result, the annular contact elements 7 and the spacer ring 8 are aligned radially and angularly with one another.

[0038] From both circumferentially extending spring clips 15 of the contact connectors 14, webs 21 extend axially parallel inward—in the illustrated embodiment, in a center between the axially parallel sides 16 of the contact connectors 14. These webs 21 form pressure pieces 22 that project into the slots 9 of the annular contact elements 7. The webs 21 end outside the spacer ring 8, thus, there are no pressure pieces 22 in the slots 10 of the spacer ring 8.

[0039] From the inner spring clips 13 of the annular contact elements 7, hump-shaped contact projections 23 protrude radially inwards and hump-shaped pressure projections 24 protrude radially outwards into the slots 9. In the exemplary embodiment, the contact projections 23 are located opposite the pressure projections 24, but the contact projections 23 and the pressure projections 24 can also be offset from one another in the circumferential direction (not shown). In the exemplary embodiment, the contact projections 23 and the pressure projections 24 are arranged in the circumferential centers of the inner spring clips 13 of the annular contact elements 7. However, they can also be arranged off-center, with the contact projections 23 and the pressure projections 24 preferably being at a distance in the circumferential direction from the radial webs 11 at the circumferential ends of the slots 9 in the annular contact elements 7.The pressure projections 24 on the outside of the inner spring clips 13 of the annular contact elements 7 are arranged radially inside the pressure pieces 22 of the contact connectors 14, i.e. without offset to the pressure pieces 22 in the circumferential direction.

[0040] A diameter of the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 of the electrical plug connector 1 is smaller than an inner diameter of the annular contact elements 7 outside the radially inwardly projecting contact projections 23 of the annular contact elements 7 and greater than a distance between opposite contact projections 23 from one another such that when the plug 2 is plugged into the coupling 4, the contact projections 23 bear against the outside of the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 with a preload. The inner spring clips 13 of the annular contact elements 7 are elastically preloaded radially outwards by the plugged-in contact pin 3 such that the pressure projections 24 bear against the outside of the inner spring clips 12 and the inside of the pressure pieces 22 in the slots 9 of the annular contact elements 7. The pressure pieces 22 are supported on the outside of the outer spring clips 12.As a result, in the exemplary embodiment, a contact pressure of over 20 N / mm 2 is achieved, with which the contact projections 23 of the annular contact elements 7 rest against the contact pin 3 of the plug 2. This contact pressure causes the contact projections 23 to be plastically deformed at the contact points with the contact pin 3, thereby achieving a low electrical contact resistance and counteracting corrosion within contact surfaces where the contact projections 23 rest against the contact pin 3.

[0041] The annular contact elements 7 have a smaller outer diameter than an inner diameter of the socket 6 and are movable in the radial direction due to their outer spring clips 12 which are elastic in the radial direction such that they align themselves coaxially with the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 when the plug 2 is inserted and when the plug 2 is inserted.

[0042] An inner diameter of the spacer ring 8 is larger than the diameter of the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 such that the contact pin 3 does not rest on the spacer ring 8.

[0043] If the plug 2 is unplugged, i.e. the contact pin 3 of the plug 2 is located outside the annular contact elements 7, the pressure pieces 22 can have radial play in the slots 9 of the annular contact elements 7 or can rest on the outside on the outer spring clips 12 and / or on the inside on the pressure projections 24 of the inner spring clips 13, if necessary also with a preload.

[0044] Because the webs 21 of the contact connectors 14 forming the pressure pieces 22 do not protrude into the slots 10 of the spacer ring 8, the pressure pieces 22 do not hinder the radial mobility of the annular contact elements 7 relative to the spacer ring 8.

Claims

1. Electrical connector (1), with a plug (2) having a contact pin (3) and with a coupling (4) having at least two coaxially arranged, annular and electrically conductive contact elements (7) into which the contact pin (3) of the plug (2) can be plugged, characterized in thatthe annular contact elements (7) have slots (9) running in a circumferential direction such that outer, arcuate and radially resilient spring clips (12) are formed on an outer circumference of the slots (9) and inner, arcuate and radially resilient spring clips (13) are formed on an inner circumference of the slots (9), that a spacer ring (8) is arranged between the contact elements (7), through which the contact pin (3) of the plug (2) can be pushed when it is inserted into the annular contact elements (7), and that the coupling (4) has pressure pieces (22) in the slots (9) of the annular contact elements (7), which pressure pieces support the inner arcuate spring clips (13) of the annular contact elements (7) radially from the outside on the outer arcuate spring clips (12) of the annular contact elements (7).

2. Electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe contact pin (3) of the plug (2), when plugged into the coupling (4), rests against the inner spring clips (13) of the annular contact elements (7) and presses the inner spring clips (13) outwards in such a way that the inner spring clips (13) rest against the pressure pieces (22) and presses the pressure pieces (22) outwards against the outer spring clips (12) of the annular contact elements (7), which press the pressure pieces (22) inwards.

3. Electrical connector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that contact projections (23) project inwards from the inner spring clips (13) of the annular contact elements (7), which contact projections bear with prestress against the contact pin (3) of the plug (2) inserted into the annular contact elements (7), and / or that the inner spring clips (13) of the annular contact elements (7) have outwardly projecting pressure projections (24) which bear against the pressure pieces (22).

4. Electrical connector according to claim 3, characterized in that a contact pressure of the contact projections (23) on the contact pin (2) of the plug (2) inserted into the annular contact elements (7) of at least 20 N / mm 2 amounts.

5. Electrical connector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling (4) has more than one annular contact element (7) on each side of the spacer ring (8).

6. Electrical connector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slots (9) running in the circumferential direction of the annular contact elements (7) overlap one another in the axial direction, that the spacer ring (8) has slots (10) running in the circumferential direction which cover the slots (7) of the annular contact elements (7), and that the pressure pieces (22) do not engage in the slots (10) of the spacer ring (8).

7. Electrical connector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling (4) has contact connectors (14) which pass through the slots (9) in the annular contact elements (7) and the slots (10) in the spacer ring (8) and hold the annular contact elements (7) and the spacer ring (8) together as a stacked package (18).

8. Electrical connector according to claim 7, characterized in that the annular contact elements (7) are radially movable with respect to one another and with respect to the contact connectors (14).

9. Electrical connector according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the contact connectors (14) are compressed in the axial direction such that they extend in the circumferential direction and rest against both circumferential ends of the slots (9) in the annular contact elements (7).

10. Electrical connector according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in thatthe contact connectors (14) overlap the annular contact elements (7) on one end face of the stacked package (18) and thereby hold them axially.

11. Electrical connector according to claim 10, characterized in that the contact connectors (14) are inserted from opposite end faces of the ring-shaped contact connectors (7) held together as a stacked package (18) and overlap the package (18) on opposite end faces.

12. Electrical connector according to one or more of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the contact connectors (14) have square frames, viewed radially to the coupling (4), the sides of which run in the circumferential direction form spring clips (15) which are curved corresponding to the slots (9) in the annular contact elements (7) and from which webs (21) protrude as pressure pieces (22) into the slots (9) of the annular contact elements (7), which end in front of the spacer ring (8).

13. Electrical connector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling (4) has a socket (6) made of an electrically conductive material in which the annular contact elements (7) and the spacer ring (8) are accommodated.

14. Electrical connector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular contact elements (7) are radially movable in the socket (6).

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