2-substituted 3,4 a, 5, 7, 8, 8 a-hexahydro-4h-thiop yrano [4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-ones for wound treatment

Abstract

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Description

2-SUBSTITUTED 3,4 A, 5, 7, 8, 8 A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-THIOP YRANO [4,3- DJPYRIMIDIN-4-ONES FOR WOUND TREATMENTCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a PCT International Application which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 417,257, filed on October 18, 2022; U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 418,947, filed on October 24, 2022; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 418,956, filed on October 24, 2022; the contents of each application are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.FIELD

[0002] Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating wounds, and in particular, the enhanced tissue regeneration following treatment of a wound. Also provided herein are methods of treating conditions associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition to a mammal.BACKGROUND

[0003] The Wnt pathway has been shown to play a key role in dermal fibrosis and scarring. The Wnt pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway that regulates crucial aspects of cell fate determination, cell polarity, cell migration, neural patterning, and organogenesis during embryonic development. This pathway is instrumental in ensuring proper tissue development in embryos and tissue maintenance in adults. Wnt signaling is involved at the beginning stages of skin development, where following gastrulation, embryonic cells of the ectoderm and the mesoderm differentiate to form the epidermis and dermis, respectively.

[0004] Although there are at least three distinct Wnt signaling pathways involved in the signal transduction process, the canonical (or P-catenin dependent) Wnt pathway is the most understood. P-Catenin is the key effector molecule resulting from the signaling of the canonical Wnt pathway, and its protein levels are regulated through a “destruction complex.” In the absence of a Wnt signal, the transcriptional activator P-catenin is actively degraded in the cell by the actions of a protein complex, designated the “destruction complex.” Within this complex, Axin-1 and -2 with adenomatous polypsis coli form a scaffold that facilitates P-catenin phosphorylation by casein-kinase 19a and glycogen synthase kinase 3p. Phosphorylated P- catenin is recognized and ubiquitinylated, resulting in its proteosomaldegradation. Tankryase I and II (TK1 and TK2) are poly(ADP -ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that function to parsylate and destabilize Axin-1 and -2 proteins, thus destabilizing the P-catenin destruction complex. Once the destruction complex is destabilized, this allows P-catenin to be dephosphorylated, and subsequently stabilized and allowed to accumulate in the cytoplasm and enter the cell nucleus, where it interacts with members of the Tcf / Lef family. P-catenin converts the Tcf proteins into potent transcriptional activators by recruiting co-activator proteins, thus ensuring efficient activation of Wnt target genes. The Wnt pathway, once activated by the Wnt family of natural ligands, upregulates TNK1 and 2 to help destabilize the destruction complex. Studies have shown that TNK1 and 2 are critical regulators of canonical Wnt signaling.

[0005] XAV939 is a small molecule that selectively inhibits Wnt / p-catenin-mediated transcription through TK 1 and TK2 inhibition with an IC50 of 11 nM / 4nM in cell-free assays, regulates axin levels, and does not affect CRE, F-KB, or TGF-p. Recently, topical application of XAV939 in a mouse ear punch assay demonstrated that XAV939 significantly increased rate of wound closure with reduced fibrosis (scarring) (Bastakoty, D. et al. FASEB J., 2015, 29(12): 4881-4892). However, XAV939 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and used only as a “research tool” compound due to its very low aqueous solubility (<1 pg / mL). The problem with this approach is that humans cannot tolerate the use of DMSO.

[0006] Utility has been shown for a matrix component comprising graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as providing a supportive matrix for XAV939 and allowing the use of XAV939 as a therapeutic for wound healing in humans and animals, see for example US20210000959, where XAV939 in a GO-HA matrix provides substantial improvement to the quality of wound healing; specifically causing the tissues to limit scarring following a fibrotic wound healing pathway. Further, increased cartilage regeneration and healing following acute injury has been observed, for example by way of a 2 mm biopsy punch wound made in the center of the cartilaginous region of a C57B1 / CJ mouse, treated with XAV939 (Bastakoty, D. et al. FASEB J., 2015, 29(12): 4881-4892 and WO2023 / 039298).

[0007] While the therapeutic utility of XAV939 has been demonstrated, XAV939 has poor solubility in water-based solutions. Therefore, there is a need for Wnt inhibitors with improved / different characteristics, such as increased solubility in water, increased Wnt inhibition, increased bioavailability, and / or modified biological stability.SUMMARY

[0008] In the first aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I), or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, and / or tautomer thereofwhereinR1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci-Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(OH)2;Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl;R2is(a) phenyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(b) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(c) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(d) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(e) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(f) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(g) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(h) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(i) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(j) 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with phenyl or substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(k) -CH=CH-R5where R5is phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;R3is independently selected from -B(0H)2, cyano, halo, halo-Ci-Cealkyl, -(Co- Cealkylene)-O-R4, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic wherein the 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic is optionally substituted with cyano; or when R2is (a), then R3and one R3a, when on adjacent carbons, together with the carbons to which they are attached form(a-1) where the * indicate the carbons shared with the phenyl ring and where the remaining optional R3aon the phenyl portion are as defined below, and each R7ais independently hydrogen or Ci-Cealkyl; each R3ais independently selected from cyano, halo, -OH, Ci-Cealkyl, halo-Ci-Cealkyl, and Ci-Cealkoxy;R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl, Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl, or Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci- Cealkyl; and provided that the compound is not-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(3 -methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(3-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(3-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or -(5-chlorothi ophen-3 -yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomeror mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;In some embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof) or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0009] In a second aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof), or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, and / or tautomer thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof) or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0010] In a third aspect, provided is a method for inhibiting Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a subject comprising contacting an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof), or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, and / or tautomer thereof. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof) is provided as a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof) or administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, and / or tautomer thereof. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof) is provided as a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method is for stimulating regeneration of tissue at a wound in the mammal in need thereof.

[0012] In a fifth aspect, provided is a method of inducing bacteriostasis associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering XAV939 or tautomer thereof and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally as a pharmaceutical composition thereof; administering a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof), or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomersthereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect (or any embodiments thereof) to a mammal in need thereof.

[0013] In a sixth aspect, provided is a compound, or a salt thereof, and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers according to any one of the following formulas:whereinLG1is a leaving group, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate;R1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci-Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(OH)2;Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl;R20 is alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, or CD3;R2' is(bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or(il) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylatesalt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

[0014] In a seventh aspect, provided is a method of preparing a compound of Formula (I), comprising: a) contacting a compound of Formula (b) contacting a compound of Formula (wherein R20is Me or CD3; or c) contacting a compound of Formulawherein LG1is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate; and optionally isolating the compound of Formula (I). In one or more embodiments, the contacting is under basic conditions (in presence of a base).BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0015] FIG. 1 shows inhibition of the Wnt transcription signaling pathway activity by a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 1) compared to a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (GO-HA + Compound 1) (Biological Example 3).

[0016] FIG. 2 shows inhibition of the Wnt transcription signaling pathway activity by a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 7) compared to a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (GO-HA + Compound 7) (Biological Example 3).

[0017] FIG. 3 shows inhibition of the Wnt transcription signaling pathway activity by a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 8) compared to a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (GO-HA + Compound 8) (Biological Example 3).

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates the results of a rabbit ear study (Biological Example 5), comparing eight injury sites (LI, L2, L3, L4, R5, R6, R7, and R8) on three specimens at day 0 (top) and at day 23 (bottom). The specimens were treated with saline as a control, and a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 8 or Compound 18). Saline was applied via a spray, Compound 8 (1 mg / mL) was applied via a phospholipid spray, and Compound 18 (1 mg / mL) was applied via a phospholipid spray (Biological Example 5).

[0019] FIG. 5A shows rate of ear closure from days 1-21 (test 1). Saline control is compared to compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 8 and Compound 18) (Biological Example 5).

[0020] FIG. 5B shows rate of ear closure from days 14-39 (test 1). Saline control is compared to compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 8 and Compound 18) (Biological Example 5).

[0021] FIG. 6 shows rate of ear closure from days 14-39 (test 2). Saline control compared to compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 8 and Compound 18).

[0022] FIG. 7 (top) shows the location of an embed cut across the center point of a healed wound for purposes of processing tissue after cartilage regeneration tests (rabbit ear study, see Biological Example 5). FIG. 7 (bottom) shows a slide with the cross section of sectioned tissue at the center of the wound. Resultant tissue sections placed on the slide are shown in images in FIGS. 9-11

[0023] FIG. 8 shows the average distance between opposing cartilage endplates (mm) after 45 days in cartilage regeneration tests (rabbit ear studies). The measurements were taken from Safranin O stained cross sections of healed ear punch wounds 45 days after treating with saline (control) or a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 8 or Compound 18).

[0024] FIG. 9 shows a representative sample of a cross section from the cartilage regeneration test (Biological Example 5) after treatment with saline (control), collected at day 45. Analysis is shown 9-10 mm from the wound margin. Gray lines represent wound margins, top image is at 0.3X magnification, middle image is at 2.5X magnification, and bottom image is at 10X magnification. The gray square at the middle image represents the image shown in the bottom image. Gray arrows in the bottom image show an area with regenerating cartilage.

[0025] FIG. 10 shows a representative sample of a cross section from the cartilage regeneration test (Biological Example 5) after treatment with a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 8), collected at day 45. Analysis is shown 9-10 mm from the wound margin. Gray lines represent wound margins, top image is at 0.3X magnification, middle image is at 2.5X magnification, and bottom image is at 10X magnification. The gray square at the middle image represents the image shown in the bottom image. Gray arrows in the bottom image show an area with regenerating cartilage.

[0026] FIG. 11 shows a representative sample of a cross section from the cartilage regeneration test (see Biological Example 5) after treatment with a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 18), collected at day 45. Analysis is shown 9-10 mm from the wound margin. Gray lines represent wound margins, top image is at 0.3X magnification, middle image is at 2.5X magnification, and bottom image is at 10X magnification. The gray square at the middle image represents the image shown in the bottom image. Gray arrows in the bottom image show an area with regenerating cartilage.

[0027] FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of wound site locations on a mammal (swine) in a full thickness excisional wound healing study.

[0028] FIG. 13 (top) illustrates suture formation with a simple interrupted closure used in the full thickness excisional wound healing study (see Biological Example 6), with the first throw 3401, the second throw 3403, and a portion of the wound closed by an interrupted suture 3405 shown. FIG. 13 (bottom) shows a cross section view of the portion of the wound closed by the interrupted suture 3405.

[0029] FIG. 14A shows results of the full thickness open excisional wound healing, rete ridge formation, with a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (Compound 8 + GO-HA), a saline control, and uninjured skin.

[0030] FIG. 14B shows results of the full thickness open excisional wound healing rete ridge formation (highest outliers removed), with compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 7, Compound 8), and compounds of Formula (I) and GO-HA (Compound 7 + GO-HA,Compound 8 + GO-HA), a saline control, and GO-HA alone (p*>0.05; p**>0.01; and p***>0.001).

[0031] FIG. 15 depicts results of the 3rddegree burn wound healing study (Biological Example 6) comparing a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 8) to a saline control. Wound area (cm2) was measured at 2-6 day intervals. Results from day 16 to day 22 are shown.

[0032] FIG. 16 depicts results of the 3rddegree burn wound healing study (Biological Example 6) comparing a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 7) to a saline control. Wound area (cm2) was measured at 2-6 day intervals. Results from day 16 to day 22 are shown.

[0033] FIG. 17 depicts results of the 3rddegree burn wound healing study (Biological Example 6) comparing a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (Compound 8 + GO-HA) to a saline control. Wound area (cm2) was measured at 2-6 day intervals. Results from day 16 to day 22 are shown.

[0034] FIG. 18 depicts results of the 3rddegree burn wound healing study (Biological Example 6) comparing a compound of Formula (I) and GO-HA (Compound 7 + GO-HA) to a saline control. Wound area (cm2) was measured at 2-6 day intervals. Results from day 16 to day 22 are shown.

[0035] FIG. 19 shows results of the closed excisional wound study (Biological Example 6): saline control, serum control (aka serum formulation control), and GO-HA control, from day 1 to day 21. The sutures were removed at day 13.

[0036] FIG. 20 shows results of the closed excisional wound study (Biological Example 6): compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 1, Compound 8, and Compound 10), from day 1 to day 21. The sutures were removed at day 13.

[0037] FIG. 21 shows results of the closed excisional wound study (Biological Example 6): compounds of Formula (I) with GO-HA (Compound 1 + GO-HA, Compound 8 + GOHA, and Compound 10 + GO-HA), from day 1 to day 21. The sutures were removed at day 13.

[0038] FIG. 22 shows results of the closed excisional wound study (Biological Example 6): cross sectional tissue samples stained with Trichrome Blue. Wound sites treated with saline control, serum formulation control, GO-HA control, compounds of Formula (I) (Compound 1, Compound 8, Compound 10), and compounds of Formula (I) with GO-HA (Compound 1 + GO-HA, Compound 8 + GO-HA, and Compound 10 + GO-HA) are compared.

[0039] FIG. 23 shows results of the closed excisional wound study (see Biological Example 6): cross sectional tissue samples under polarized microscopy. Wound sites treated with saline control, serum formulation control, GO-HA control, compounds of Formula (I)(Compound 1, Compound 8, Compound 10), and compounds of Formula (I) with GO-HA (Compound 1 + GO-HA, Compound 8 + GO-HA, and Compound 10 + GO-HA) are compared.

[0040] FIG. 24 shows results of closed excisional wound polarized image collagen infiltration (see Biological Example 6). The number of wounds indicating collagen infiltration in the scar are shown for A-saline (aka saline control); B-serum (aka serum formulation control); C-GO-HA (aka GO-HA control); D-Compound 1; E-Compound 1 + GO-HA; F- Compound 8; G-Compound 8 + GO-HA; H-Compound 10; and J-Compound 10 + GOHA.

[0041] FIG. 25 shows results of the 3rddegree bum wound healing study (Biological Example 6) comparing a compound of Formula (I) (Compound 7, Compound 7 + GO-HA, Compound 8, Compound 8 + GO-HA) to a saline control and GO-HA Control. Histology demonstrated that the compound promoted regeneration of tissue (improved organized reticular collagen and rete ridge formation) and reduced scar formation as compared to saline Control and GO-HA Control.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present disclosure provides for novel compounds, compositions, and methods of administration thereof to: induce healing of a wound, healing of a burn (including first, second, and third degree burns), or healing of a lesion (including lesions caused by HPV and / or a virus selected from the Poxviridae family of viruses); treat an inflammatory dermatitis disease, a cartilage disease, a bone disease, organ fibrosis, or cancer; induce tissue regeneration (including but not limited to regeneration of damaged elastic cartilage); induce bacteriostasis; induce bacterial growth inhibition; maintain bacteriostasis; induce antifungal activity; induce neovascularization (in tissues in need thereof); induce reinnervation (of a de-nerved body part); inhibit osteoclast differentiation; enhance osteoblast differentiation; and / or inhibit bone destruction associate with breast cancer.

[0043] The wound may include but is not limited to one or more selected from the group consisting of a chronic wound, an acute wound, and alkali-burned corneal wound. The inflammatory dermatitis disease may include but is not limited to one or more selected from the group consisting of acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and scleroderma. The cartilage disease may include but is not limited to one or more selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, internal derangement of the joints, and degenerative cartilage disease. Thebone disease may include but is not limited to a bone disease with impaired bone formation, e.g., osteoporosis.

[0044] The organ fibrosis may include but is not limited to one or more selected from the group consisting of lung fibrosis, heart fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis.

[0045] The cancer may include but is not limited to melanoma, breast cancer, and / or prostate cancer.

[0046] Further provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating wounds, in particular, the enhanced tissue regeneration following treatment of a wound. Also provided herein are methods of treating conditions associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition to a mammal. In one or more embodiments, the mammal is a human.Definitions

[0047] When referring to the compounds provided herein, the following terms have the following meanings unless indicated otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise. Unless specified otherwise, where a term is defined as being substituted, the groups in the list of substituents are themselves unsubstituted. For example, a substituted alkyl group can be substituted, for example, with a cycloalkyl group, and the cycloalkyl group is not further substituted unless specified otherwise.

[0048] Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) variations that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to “about X” includes description of “X”. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with temperatures, doses, amounts, or weight percent of ingredients of a composition or a dosage form, mean a dose, amount, or weight percent that is recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art to provide a pharmacological effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified dose, amount, or weight percent. Specifically, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in this context, contemplate a dose, amount, or weight percent within 15%, within 10%, within 5%, within 4%,within 3%, within 2%, within 1%, or within 0.5% of the specified dose, amount, or weight percent.

[0049] The terms “a” or “an,” as used in herein means one or more, unless context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes one or more ingredients as provided herein.

[0050] As used herein for GO-HA linker “alkyl” refers to straight or branched hydrocarbon. An alkyl may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof, and may contain, for example, from one to sixty carbon atoms, in some embodiments, 2-25 carbons. Examples of alkyl groups include but are not limited to ethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl isomers (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, etc.) cyclobutyl isomers (e.g. cyclobutyl, methylcyclopropyl, etc.), pentyl isomers, cyclopentyl isomers, hexyl isomers, cyclohexyl isomers, and the like.

[0051] The term “alkyl,” as used herein for a compound of Formula (I), unless otherwise specified, refers to a saturated straight or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon. In one or more embodiments, the alkyl group is a primary, secondary, or tertiary hydrocarbon. An alkyl may be linear or branched, and may contain, for example, from one to eight carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the alkyl group has one to six carbon atoms, i.e., Ci to Ce alkyl. In one or more embodiments, the alkyl is a Ci-salkyl. In one or more embodiments, the alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, / -butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 3 -methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, and 2, 3 -dimethylbutyl. Examples of alkyl groups include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl isomers (e.g. n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, etc.) pentyl isomers, hexyl isomers, and the like.

[0052] As used herein for the GO-HA linker, the term “linear alkyl” refers to a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms (e.g., ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, etc.).

[0053] As used herein for the GO-HA linker, the term “branched alkyl” refers to a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms, without double or triple bonds that contains a fork, branch, and / or split in the chain. “Branching” refers to the divergence of a carbon chain, whereas “substitution” refers to the presence of non-carbon / non-hydrogen atoms in a moiety.

[0054] The term “alkylene,” as used herein, unless otherwise specified, refers to a divalent alkyl group, as defined herein for either the GO-HA linker or as defined for a compound of formula (I), as applicable.

[0055] As used herein for the GO-HA linker, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a completely saturated mono- or multi-cyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused, bridged or spiro-connected fashion. A cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted, substituted, branched, and / or unbranched. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. If substituted, the substituent(s) may be an alkyl (but not substituted alkyl) or selected from those indicated above with regard to substitution of an alkyl group unless otherwise indicated. Unless specified otherwise (e.g., substituted cycloalkyl group, heterocyclyl, cycloalkoxy group, halocycloalkyl, cycloalkylamine, thiocycloalkyl, etc.), an alkyl group contains carbon and hydrogen atoms only. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group includes three to six carbon atoms, i.e., C3 to Ce cycloalkyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl has 3, 4, 5, or 6 (C3-6) 3, 4, or 5 (C3-5); 3 or 4 (C3-4); 3 (C3); 4 (C4); or 5 (C5) carbon atoms. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. In one or more embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclobutyl.

[0056] The term “C3-Cio-cycloalkyl,” as used herein for the Compound of Formula (I), refers to a monovalent, saturated, monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic (fused, bridged, or spirocyclic) ring. In some or any embodiments, the terms “fused cycloalkyl” and “spirocycloalkyl” are embodiments of the cycloalkyl group. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group includes three to six carbon atoms, i.e., C3 to Ce cycloalkyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl has 3, 4, or 5 (C3-5); 3 or 4 (C3-4); 3 (C3); 4 (C4); or 5 (C5) carbon atoms. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopropyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclobutyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclopentyl. In some or any embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[3.3.2.]decyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, or adamantyl. In one or more embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is cyclobutyl.

[0057] The term “alkoxy” and “alkyloxy,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refer to the group -OR' where R' is alkyl. In one or more embodiments, alkoxy is Ci-ealkoxy. In one or more embodiments, alkoxy is C1-C3 alkoxy. Alkoxy and alkyloxy groups include, inone or more embodiments, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexyloxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, and the like.

[0058] The term “alkoxyalkyl,” as used herein for a compound of Formula (I), and unless otherwise specified, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with one or two -OR' groups where each R' is alkyl, as defined herein, and is independently selected. In some or any embodiments, alkoxyalkyl is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl.

[0059] The term “alkoxycarbonyl-NH-alkyl,” as used herein for a compound of Formula (I), and unless otherwise specified, refers to an alkyl group substituted with -NH-C(O)O(alkyl), wherein alkyl is as defined herein. In some or any embodiments, alkoxycarbonyl-NH-alkyl is Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci-Cealkyl.

[0060] As used herein “alkenyl,” as used herein for the GO-HA linker, means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms, which contains at least one carboncarbon double bond.

[0061] As used herein “alkynyl,” as used herein for the GO-HA linker, means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms, which contains at least one carboncarbon triple bond.

[0062] As used herein “amine” or “amino” as used herein for the GO-HA linker are represented by a formula -NA1A2, where Ai and A2 are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group where each of these groups are as described herein for the GO-HA linker. In one or more embodiments amine (or amino) refers to any of NH2, NH(alkyl), NH(aryl), N(alkyl)2, N(alkyl)(aryl), and N(aryl)2.

[0063] The term “aryl,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to a monovalent Ce- C15 carbocyclic ring system which comprises at least one aromatic ring wherein the aryl ring system is mono, di, or tricyclic. The aryl may be attached to the main structure through any of its rings, i.e. any aromatic or nonaromatic ring. In some or any embodiments, the aryl group may be a bridged (where chemically feasible) or non-bridged, spirocyclic (where chemically feasible) or not spirocyclic, and / or fused or not fused multicyclic group. In some or any embodiments, aryl is Ce-Cio aryl. In some or any embodiments, aryl is Ce aryl, i.e. phenyl. In some or any embodiments, aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, fluorenyl, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro- 57 / -benzo[7]annulenyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl. When aryl is substituted, it can be substituted on any ring, i.e. on any aromatic or nonaromatic ring comprised by aryl.

[0064] The term “haloalkyl,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to an alkyl group substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 halo groups. In some or any embodiments, thehaloalkyl is a halo-Ci-ealkyl. In some or any embodiments, the haloalkyl is -CF3, -CH2F, -CHF2, or -CH2CF3.

[0065] The terms “halogen” and “halo,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, are synonymous and refer to chloro, bromo, fluoro, or iodo.

[0066] The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to a monocyclic aromatic ring system or multicyclic aromatic ring system wherein one or more (in some or any embodiments, 1, 2, 3, or 4) of the ring atoms is a heteroatom independently selected from O, S(0)o-2, NH, and N, and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms, and where the ring may be optionally substituted as described herein. The heteroaryl group is bonded to the rest of the molecule through any atom in the ring system, valency rules permitting. In some or any embodiments, each ring of a heteroaryl group can contain one or two O atoms, one or two S atoms, and / or one to four N atoms, or a combination thereof, provided that the total number of heteroatoms in each ring is four or less and each ring contains at least one carbon atom. In some or any embodiments, the heteroaryl has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, from 5 to 6 ring atoms, or from 5 to 10 ring atoms. When heteroaryl is substituted, it can be substituted on any ring. In one or more embodiments, heteroaryl is a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one or more embodiments, heteroaryl is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl. In one or more embodiments, heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one or more embodiments, heteroaryl is, indicates the point of attachment of the heteroaryl to the rest of the molecule.

[0067] In some or any embodiments, monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furanyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl and triazolyl. In some or any embodiments, bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, furopyridyl, thi enopyridyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazothiazolyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isobenzothienyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolopyridinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyridopyridyl, pyrrol opyridyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, or quinazolinyl. In some or any embodiments, tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, acridinyl, benzindolyl, carbazolyl,dibenzofuranyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenanthridinyl, and phenazinyl. In some or any embodiments, heteroaryl is indolyl, furanyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, or pyrazolyl; each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups as defined throughout the specification, including in some embodiments with group(s) independently selected from Ci-ealkyl, hydroxy, halo, halo-Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, cyano, or phenyl.

[0068] The term “heterocyclic,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to a monovalent monocyclic non-aromatic ring system or a monovalent multicyclic ring system that contains at least one non-aromatic ring; wherein one or more (in some or any embodiments, 1, 2, 3, or 4) of the monocyclic non-aromatic ring atoms is a heteroatom independently selected from O, S(0)o-2, and N, and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms; and wherein one or more (in some or any embodiments, 1, 2, 3, or 4) of any of the ring atoms in the multicyclic ring system is a heteroatom(s) independently selected from O, S(0)o-2, and N, and the remaining ring atoms are carbon. The term “heterocyclic” does not include fully aromatic ring(s), i.e. does not include imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridine, and the like. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic ring comprises one or two heteroatom(s) which are independently selected from nitrogen and oxygen. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic ring comprises one or two heteroatom(s) which are oxygen. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic ring comprises one or two heteroatom(s) which are nitrogen (where the nitrogen is substituted as described in any aspect or embodiment described herein). In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is multicyclic and comprises one heteroatom in a non-aromatic ring, or comprises one heteroatom in an aromatic ring, or comprises two heteroatoms in an aromatic ring, or comprises two heteroatoms where one is in an aromatic ring and the other is in a non-aromatic ring. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic group has from 3 to 20, 3 to 15, 3 to 10, 3 to 8, 4 to 7, or 5 to 6 ring atoms. In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic is a 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic. In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic is a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic is a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system. In some or any embodiments, the heterocyclic group may be a bridged or non-bridged, spirocyclic or not spirocyclic, and / or fused or not fused multicyclic group. One or more of the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be optionally oxidized, one or more of the nitrogen atoms may be optionally quatemized, one or more of the carbon atoms may be optionally replaced with0. Some rings may be partially or fully saturated, or aromatic provided that heterocyclic is not fully aromatic. The monocyclic and multicyclic heterocyclic rings may be attached to themain structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in a stable compound. The multicyclic heterocyclic may be attached to the main structure through any of its rings, including any aromatic or nonaromatic ring, regardless of whether the ring contains a heteroatom. In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is “heterocycloalkyl” which is 1) a saturated monovalent monocyclic group which contains at least one ring heteroatom, as described herein, or 2) a saturated monovalent bi- or tri-cyclic group in which at least one ring contains at least one heteroatom as described herein. In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is 3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is 3 - to 9- membered heterocycloalkyl. When heterocyclic and heterocycloalkyl are substituted, they can be substituted on any ring, i.e. on any aromatic or nonaromatic ring comprised by heterocyclic and heterocycloalkyl. In some or any embodiments, such heterocyclic includes, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzodi oxanyl, benzodi oxolyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][l,4]oxazinyl,3.4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b] [ 1 ,4]dioxepinyl, 1 ,3 -dihydroisobenzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzopyranonyl, benzopyranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzotetrahydrothienyl, 2,2-dioxo-l,3- dihydrobenzo[c]thienyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzoxazinyl, P-carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromonyl, cinnolinyl, coumarinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydro- benzimidazolonyl (including but not limited to 2-oxo-l,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-l-yl), dihydrobenzisothiazinyl, dihydrobenzisoxazinyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyl, furanonyl, imidazolidinyl, 2,4-dioxo- imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, 2-oxo-indolinyl, isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl, isobenzotetrahydrothienyl, isochromanyl, isocoumarinyl, isoindolinyl, 1-oxo-isoindolinyl,1.3-dioxo-isoindolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, 3-oxo-isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl,3.5-dioxo-morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 1-oxo-octahydroisoindolyl,1.3-dioxo-hexahydroisoindolyl, oxo-oxadiazolyl (including but not limited to 5-oxo-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl), oxazolidinonyl, oxazolidinyl, oxiranyl, piperazinyl, 2,6-dioxo-piperazinyl, piperidinyl, 2,6-dioxo-piperidinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 3,5-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 2,4-dioxo-thiazolidinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, xanthenyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, or1.3-dihydro-imidazopyridin-2-onyl. In some or any embodiments, heterocyclic is benzo-1,4- dioxanyl, benzodi oxolyl, indolinyl, 2-oxo-indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, decahydroquinolinyl, dihydrocyclopentapyridyl, dihydropyranopyridyl, tetrahydronaphthyridyl, 2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-thiopyrano-pyridyl, dihydrofuropyridyl, dihydropyrrol opyridyl, 2, 2-di oxo- 1, 3 -dihydro-thi eno-pyridyl, or tetrahydrocyclopropacyclopentapyridyl, ; each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups as defined throughout the specification, including in some or any embodiments with group(s) independently selected from halo, alkyl, and phenyl. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyl is pyrrolidinyl. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyl is an N-linked heterocycloalkyl.

[0069] The term “hydroxyalkyl” as used herein, unless otherwise specified, refers to an alkyl, as defined herein, substituted by 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy groups. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxy group is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group includes one to ten carbons, / .< ., Ci to Cio hydroxyalkyl. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group includes one or two alcohol (hydroxy) groups, provided that they are not on the same carbon. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is hydroxyCi-ealkyl. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is hydroxyCi-salkyl. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypentyl, and hydroxyhexyl. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is a Ci-ehydroxyalkyl. In one or more embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethyl, 1 -hydroxy ethyl, 2 -hydroxy ethyl, l-hydroxypropan-2-yl, and2-hy droxypropan-2-yl .

[0070] The term “oxo” as used herein and unless otherwise specified, refers to a keto group (C=O). An oxo group that is a substituent of a nonaromatic carbon results in a conversion of a -CH2- to -C=O. An oxo group that is a substituent of an aromatic carbon results in a conversion of -CH- to -C=O. When a substituent is oxo, then two hydrogens on the atom are replaced. When an oxo group substitutes aromatic moieties, the corresponding partially unsaturated ring replaces the aromatic ring. For example, a pyridyl group substituted by an oxo group is a pyridone. The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments that such a group, e.g. pyridone and 2,4(U / ,3J7)-dioxo-pyrimidinyl, can exist in its tautomeric form, e.g. hydroxypyridine and 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidinyl, respectively.

[0071] As used herein “regeneration” means the renewal or growth of destroyed or devitalized tissue from the remnant tissue. It is a reparative attempt of the body, and in the context of wound represents the migration, differentiation, or replication of cells ortransformation of progenitor cells into the appropriate cell types for the respective tissue which may include sebaceous cells, hair follicles, nerve cells, chondrocytes.

[0072] As used herein “wound” means an injury to tissue or skin caused by scrapes, cuts, abrasion, surgical procedures (e.g., caused by minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, incisional biopsies, general surgery, and cosmetic surgery), denuded skin, bums, ulcers (e.g., diabetic ulcers, ulcers from vascular insufficiency, pressure sores, and burns), or other skin problems (e.g., allergies). Wound may range from superficial (e.g., affecting merely the epidermis) to more traumatic (e.g., lesions which affect layers of skin or tissue at depths which are beneath the epidermis). Wounds may be of any length or shape, e.g., in some embodiments, wounds are straight, jagged or curve.

[0073] In some embodiments, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes any and all and / or one or more solvents, co-solvents, complexing agents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, excipients, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, adjuvants, and the like which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions. In addition, various adjuvants such as are commonly used in the art may be included. These and other such compounds are described in the literature, e.g., in the Merck Index (Merck & Company, Rahway, N.J.), considerations for the inclusion of various components in pharmaceutical compositions are described, (e.g., Gilman et al. (Eds.), 2010, Goodman and Gilman’s: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th Ed., The McGraw-Hill Companies).

[0074] In some embodiments, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds provided herein and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. In many cases, the compounds provided herein are capable of forming acid and / or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and / or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylicacid, and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like; particularly preferred are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts. Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like, specifically such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and ethanolamine. Many such salts are known in the art, as described in WO 87 / 05297.

[0075] In some embodiments, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to any salt of a compound provided herein which retains its biological properties and which is not toxic or otherwise desirable for pharmaceutical use. Such salts may be derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter-ions well known in the art. Such salts include, but are not limited to: (1) acid addition salts formed with organic or inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfamic, acetic, trifluoroacetic, trichloroacetic, propionic, hexanoic, cyclopentylpropionic, glycolic, glutaric, pyruvic, lactic, malonic, succinic, sorbic, ascorbic, malic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, citric, benzoic, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic, picric, cinnamic, mandelic, phthalic, lauric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic, 2 -hydroxy ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, 4-toluenesulfonic, camphoric, camphorsulfonic, 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l -carboxylic, glucoheptonic, 3 -phenylpropionic, trimethylacetic, tert-butyl acetic, lauryl sulfuric, gluconic, benzoic, glutamic, hydroxynaphthoic, salicylic, stearic, cyclohexylsulfamic, quinic, muconic acid and the like acids; and (2) base addition salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either (a) is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion or an aluminum ion, or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, zinc, and barium hydroxide, ammonia or (b) coordinates with an organic base, such as aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic organic amines, such as ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, choline, N,N'-dibenzylethylene-diamine, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, procaine, N-benzylphenethylamine, 7V-methylglucamine tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, piperazine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and the like.

[0076] In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts further include, in some or any embodiments, and without limitation, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium salts and the like. When the compound contains a basic functionality, salts of non-toxic organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrohalides, e.g. hydrochloride and hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, sulfamate, nitrate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, trichloroacetate, propionate, hexanoate, cyclopentylpropionate, glycolate, glutarate, pyruvate, lactate, malonate, succinate, sorbate, ascorbate, malate, maleate, fumarate, tartarate, citrate, benzoate, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate, picrate, cinnamate, mandelate, phthalate, laurate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), ethanesulfonate, 1,2-ethane-disulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, 4-toluenesulfonate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l -carboxylate, glucoheptonate, 3 -phenylpropionate, trimethylacetate, tert-butyl acetate, lauryl sulfate, gluconate, benzoate, glutamate, hydroxynaphthoate, salicylate, stearate, cyclohexylsulfamate, quinate, muconate and the like.

[0077] In some embodiments, a “therapeutically effective amount” or “pharmaceutically effective amount” of a compound as provided herein, is one which is sufficient to achieve the desired effect and may vary according to the nature and severity of the disease condition, and the potency of the compound. “Therapeutically effective amount” is also intended to include one or more of the compositions of the present disclosure so as to result in the increased regeneration of tissue subject to a wound. The combination of compounds is preferably a synergistic combination. Synergy, as described in the art (for example, Chou, 2010, Cane. Res. 70(2):440-446), occurs when the effect of the compounds when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the compounds when administered alone as a single agent. In general, a synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at sub-optimal concentrations of the compounds. This amount can further depend upon the patient's height, weight, sex, age and medical history.

[0078] The term “mammal” specifically includes humans, cattle, horses, dogs, and cats, but also includes many other mammalian species like pigs, rats, mice, primates (e.g., a monkey such as a cynomolgous monkey, a chimpanzee and a human). In some embodiments, the mammal is a human.

[0079] The term “subject” refers to a mammal, as provided herein, as well as to a cell or biological sample.

[0080] The term “substantially free of’ stereoisomers with respect to a composition refers to a composition that includes at least 85 or 90% by weight, in some or any embodiments 95%,98%, 99% or 100% by weight, of a designated stereoisomer of a compound in the composition. In some or any embodiments, in the methods and compounds provided herein, the compounds are substantially free of stereoisomers.

[0081] Similarly, the term “isolated” with respect to a composition refers to a composition that includes at least 85, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% to 100% by weight, of a specified compound, the remainder comprising other chemical species or stereoisomers.

[0082] The term “isotopic composition,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom, and “natural isotopic composition” refers to the naturally occurring isotopic composition or abundance for a given atom. Atoms containing their natural isotopic composition may also be referred to herein as “non-enriched” atoms. Unless otherwise designated, the atoms of the compounds recited herein are meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom. For example, unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen,” the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural isotopic composition.

[0083] The term “isotopic enrichment,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to the percentage of incorporation of an amount of a specific isotope at a given atom in a molecule in the place of that atom’s natural isotopic abundance. In some or any embodiments, deuterium enrichment of 1% at a given position means that 1% of the molecules in a given sample contain deuterium at the specified position. Because the naturally occurring distribution of deuterium is about 0.0156%, deuterium enrichment at any position in a compound synthesized using non-enriched starting materials is about 0.0156%. The isotopic enrichment of the compounds provided herein can be determined using conventional analytical methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

[0084] The term “isotopically enriched,” as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom.

[0085] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “IC50” refers to an amount, concentration or dosage of a particular test compound that achieves a 50% inhibition of a maximal response in an assay that measures such response.

[0086] In some embodiments, the terms “therapeutic agent” and “therapeutic agents” refer to any agent(s) which can be used in the treatment or prevention of a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof. In some or any embodiments, the term “therapeutic agent” includes acompound provided herein. In some or any embodiments, a therapeutic agent is an agent which is known to be useful for, or has been or is currently being used for the treatment or prevention of a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof.

[0087] In some embodiments, “treating” or “treatment” of any condition or disorder refers, in some or any embodiments, to ameliorating a condition or disorder that exists in a subject. In another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” includes ameliorating at least one physical parameter, which may be indiscernible by the subject. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” includes modulating the condition or disorder, either physically (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom) or physiologically (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter) or both. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” includes delaying the onset of the condition or disorder. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” includes the reduction or elimination of either the condition or one or more symptoms of the condition, or to retard the progression of the condition or of one or more symptoms of the condition, or to reduce the severity of the condition or of one or more symptoms of the condition.Compounds

[0088] Provided herein are compounds that can induce improved wound healing and tissue regeneration. Provided herein are compounds that can treat wounds and / or conditions associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity, and in particular enhance tissue regeneration following treatment of a wound.

[0089] Further provided herein are compounds that can modulate the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway or Wnt transcription (products). The compounds can be formed as described herein and used for the treatment of conditions associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity. In one or more embodiments, the condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity is a chronic wound, an acute wound, an alkali-burned corneal wound, a bum, a lesion (including lesions caused by HPV and / or a virus selected from the Poxviridae family of viruses), an inflammatory dermatitis disease (inlcuding acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and scleroderma), a cartilage disease (including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, internal derangement of the joints, and degenerative cartilage disease), a bone disease (including osteoporosis), organ fibrosis (including lung fibrosis, heart fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis), cancer (including melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer), a de-nerved body part in need of reinnervation, tissue in need ofregeneration (including damaged elastic cartilage), bacterial growth in need of inhibition, fungal growth in need of inhibition, tissue in need of neovascularization, osteoclast differentiation in need of inhibition, osteoblast differentiation disorders (where inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is needed), and / or bone destruction associated with breast cancer.

[0090] The present disclosure arises from the novel and unexpected finding of significant Wnt inhibition by the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8), and with some improved properties as compared to the prior art Wnt inhibitors, for example XAV939. Some improved characteristics may include improved wound healing and regeneration of tissue subject to a wound in mammals, both in the quantity of regrowth as well as the quality of the tissue regeneration and regrowth.

[0091] The aspects and embodiments described herein include the recited compounds as well as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and / or an isomer thereof. For instance, aspects and embodiments described herein include a single stereoisomer of mixture of stereoisomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0092] Included herein, if chemically possible, are all stereoisomers of the compounds, including diastereomers and enantiomers. Also included are mixtures of possible stereoisomers in any ratio, including, but not limited to, racemic mixtures. Unless stereochemistry is explicitly indicated in a structure at a particular atom, the structure is intended to embrace all possible stereoisomers of the compound depicted. If stereochemistry is explicitly indicated for one portion or portions of a molecule, but not for another portion or portions of a molecule, the structure is intended to embrace all possible stereoisomers for the portion or portions where stereochemistry is not explicitly indicated. It will be apparent that certain structures recite specific stereochemistry at particular atoms.

[0093] A composition for inhibiting Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity comprising: a matrix component comprising a graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate (GO-HA), wherein GO and HA are covalently linked via a linker; polyethylene glycol (PEG), where the PEG is optional; a thickener, where the thickener is optional; a compound of any one of claims 1-39; and water, wherein the compound optionally constitutes from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total composition.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway.

[0095] Embodiment 1: In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, with a chemical name (4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 1). The structure ofCompound 1 is:In one or more embodiments, the compound ofFormula (I) is Compound 1 or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof.

[0096] Embodiment 2: In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, with a chemical name 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl) phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 7). The structure of Compound 7 is:one or more embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is Compound 7 or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof.

[0097] Embodiment 3: In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, with a chemical name 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan- 2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 8). The structure of Compound 8 is:one or more embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is Compound 8 or any prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof.Embodiment A

[0098] In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R1and Rlaare independently selected from is hydrogen and deuterium.Embodiment B

[0099] In one or more embodiments, including any of the above embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein ringwherein designates attachment to the remainder of the compound of Formula (I).Embodiments where R2 is (a)

[0100] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is phenyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups.

[0101] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), whereinR3is attached to the para-position of the phenyl ring; orR3and one R3a, when on adjacent carbons, together with the carbons to which they are attached form ring (a- 1) and where the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with the remaining R3agroups.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein when R2is (a), R3is not halo or haloalkyl.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein when R2is (a), R3is B(O)2 or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4.

[0104] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofone or more embodiments, R3is not halo or haloalkyl. In one or more embodiments, R3is B(O)2 or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4.

[0105] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a

[0106] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofEmbodiments where R2 is (b)

[0107] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups.

[0108] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is phenyl substituted at its para-position with 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; and when the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl then R3is substituted on the para-position of the 6- membered heteroaryl.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting of

[0110] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofEmbodiments where R2is (c)

[0111] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups.

[0112] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted at its para-position with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl- R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the R3is in the para-position of the phenyl in -phenyl-R3.

[0113] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting of

[0114] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofEmbodiments where R2is (d)

[0115] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is 5- to 6- membered heteroaryl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl.

[0116] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein when R2is (d), R3is not halo or haloalkyl.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein when R2is (d), R3is B(O)2 or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4.

[0118] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein when R2is (d), R3is B(O)2 or -(Ci-Cealkylene)-O-R4.Embodiments where R2 is (e)

[0119] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the -phenyl- R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl; and optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the phenyl.Embodiments where R2 is (f)

[0120] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the -(6-membered heteroaryl )-R3is at the para-position of the first 6-membered heteroaryl; and optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl to which it is attached.

[0121] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), whereinEmbodiments where R2 is (g)

[0122] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups.

[0123] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is, optionally wherein R3is 5- to10-membered heterocyclic optionally substituted with cyano.Embodiments where R2 is (h)

[0124] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups.Embodiments where R2is (i)

[0125] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups.Embodiments where R2 is (j)

[0126] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- to 6- membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups.

[0127] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofEmbodiments where R2 is (k)

[0128] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is -CH=CH-R5where R5is phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups.

[0129] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofAdditional Embodiments

[0130] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (a)-(k), provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is cyano, -B(OH)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, hydroxy ethyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-Cealkoxy-C2alkyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-C6alkoxycarbonyl-NH-C2alkyl).

[0131] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (a)-(k), provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is cyano.

[0132] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (a)-(k), provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is -B(OH)2.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (a)-(k), provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, hydroxy ethyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-Cealkoxy-C2alkyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy carbonyl - NH-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-C6alkoxycarbonyl-NH-C2alkyl).

[0134] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (a)-(k), provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is -(Ci-6alkylene)-O-R4. In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, hydroxyethyl). In oneor more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-Cealkoxy-C2alkyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy carbonyl - NH-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-C6alkoxycarbonyl-NH-C2alkyl).

[0135] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above when R2is (b), (c), (e), or (f) provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is halo, cyano, -B(OH)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, hydroxyethyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-Cealkoxy-C2alkyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-C6alkoxycarbonyl-NH-C2alkyl).

[0136] In one or more embodiments, including Embodiments A and B and any embodiments provided above, when R2is (b), (c), (e), or (f) provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is halo, cyano, -B(OH)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4; or when R2is (b), (c), (e), or (f) provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R3is cyano, -B(OH)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4.In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, hydroxy ethyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-Cealkoxy-C2alkyl). In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci-Cealkyl (in some embodiments, Ci-C6alkoxycarbonyl-NH-C2alkyl).

[0137] In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (I), selected from the group consisting of the Compounds 1-44 provided in Table 1.

[0138] In one or more embodiments, provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I); and comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one or more embodiments, provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition herein further comprises: a matrix component comprising a graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate (GO-HA), wherein GO and HA are covalently linked via a linker; polyethylene glycol (PEG), where the PEG is optional; a thickener, where the thickener is optional; and water, optionally wherein the compound optionally constitutes from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total composition.

[0140] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method for inhibiting Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a subject comprising contacting an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the subject.

[0141] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal, comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering a pharmaceutical composition according to one or more embodiments herein to a subject in need thereof.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method for stimulating regeneration of tissue at a wound in a subject in need thereof and wherein the wound is contacted with an effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) (or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a pharmaceutical composition according to one or more embodiments herein.

[0143] In one or more embodiments, a disease, disorder, or condition (to be treated in one or more embodiments of a method herein) is selected from a chronic wound, an acute wound, an alkali-burned corneal wound, a burn, a lesion (including lesions caused by HPV and / or a virus selected from the Poxviridae family of viruses), an inflammatory dermatitis disease (inlcuding acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and scleroderma), a cartilage disease (including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, internal derangement of the joints, and degenerative cartilage disease), a bone disease (including osteoporosis), organ fibrosis (including lung fibrosis, heart fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis), cancer (including melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer), a de-nerved body part in need of reinnervation, tissue in need of regeneration (including damaged elastic cartilage), bacterial growth in need of inhibition, fungal growth in need of inhibition, tissue in need of neovascularization, osteoclastdifferentiation in need of inhibition, osteoblast differentiation disorders (where inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is needed), and / or bone destruction associated with breast cancer.

[0144] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method of inducing bacteriostasis associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity, comprising administering XAV939 or tautomer thereof and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally as a pharmaceutical composition thereof; administering a compound of Formula (I), or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering a pharmaceutical composition according to one or more embodiments herein to a mammal in need thereof

[0145] In one or more embodiments, provided is a compound, or a salt thereof, and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers according to any one of the following formulas:such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl tri fluorob orate; R1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci- Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(OH)2; Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl; R20is alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, or CD3; R2' is (bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, (cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or (il) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylatesalt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

[0146] LG1may be a suitable leaving group, for example, in a suitable nucleophilic aromatic substitution or a suitable cross coupling, not limited to a Suzuki -Miy aura coupling.

[0147] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method of preparing a compound ofFormula (I), comprising: a) contacting a compound of Formula.,R2-C(O)H; or b) contacting a compound of Formula (B):withR2’-C(NH)NH2, wherein R20is Me or CD3; or c) contacting a compound of Formula (C):wherein LG1is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate; and optionally isolating the compound of Formula (I); wherein R2' is (bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, (cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where thephenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or (il) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylatesalt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof. In one or more embodiments, methods of preparing a compound of Formula (I) include contacting under basic conditions.

[0148] In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is selected from any of Compounds 1-44 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, from Table 1. In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is selected from any of Compounds 1-44, or an isomer thereof, from Table 1. In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is selected from any of Compounds 1-44, or a single stereoisomer of mixture of stereoisomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, from Table 1. In one or more embodiments of Formula (I), the compound is selected from any of Compounds 1-44, or a prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, from Table 1.

[0149] Table 1. Compounds

[0150] In one or more embodiments, provided herein is a compound according to any one of the following formulas:or a salt thereof,whereinLG1is a leaving group, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, triflate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate;R1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci-Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(0H)2;Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl;R20is alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, or CD3;R2' is(bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or(il) C3-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylateor a salt or enantiomer thereof.

[0151] In one or more embodiments, the compound is selected from any of the following compounds Al to A6, or a prodrug, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, metabolite, polymorph,solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, from Table 2, which compounds are useful at least for making compounds of Formula (I).

[0152] Table 2. Intermediates

[0153] In some or any embodiments, provided herein are:(a) compounds as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof;(b) compounds as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I), and Compounds 1-44 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof for use in stimulating regeneration of a wound in a mammal;(c) compounds as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I), and Compounds 1-44 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof for use in inhibiting Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity;(d) processes for the preparation of compounds as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 as described in more detail elsewhere herein;(e) pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g. diluent);(f) a method for the treatment of a condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal that includes the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition;(g) a method for the treatment of a wound in a mammal that includes the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition;(h) pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with one or more other effective agents for treating a wound and / or condition modulated by Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g. diluent);(i) a method for the treatment of a wound in a mammal that includes the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition in combination and / or alternation with one or more agent for the treatment of a wound and / or conditions modulated by Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity;(j) a method for the treatment of a condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal that includes the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition in combination and / or alternation with one or more agent for the treatment of a wound; and(k) use of any compound described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or a composition comprising any compound described herein, e.g., of Formula (I) and Compounds 1-44 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition for the treatment of a wound associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signalingpathway activity described herein, optionally in combination and / or alternation with one or more agent for the treatment of a wound.Optically Active Compounds

[0154] It is appreciated that compounds provided herein have several chiral centers and may exist in and be isolated in optically active and racemic forms. It is to be understood that any racemic, optically-active, diastereomeric, tautomeric, or stereoisomeric form, mixture, or combination thereof, of a compound provided herein, which possess the useful properties described herein is within the scope of the invention. It being well known in the art how to prepare optically active forms (in some or any embodiments, by resolution of the racemic form by recrystallization techniques, by synthesis from optically-active starting materials, by chiral synthesis, or by chromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase).

[0155] In some or any embodiments, methods to obtain optically active materials are known in the art, and include at least the following. i) physical separation of crystals - a technique whereby macroscopic crystals of the individual stereoisomers are manually separated. This technique can be used if crystals of the separate stereoisomers exist, / .< ., the material is a conglomerate, and the crystals are visually distinct; ii) simultaneous crystallization - a technique whereby the individual stereoisomers are separately crystallized from a solution of the racemate, possible only if the latter is a conglomerate in the solid state; iii) enzymatic resolutions - a technique whereby partial or complete separation of a racemate by virtue of differing rates of reaction for the stereoisomers with an enzyme; iv) enzymatic asymmetric synthesis - a synthetic technique whereby at least one step of the synthesis uses an enzymatic reaction to obtain a stereoisomerically pure or enriched synthetic precursor of the desired stereoisomer; v) chemical asymmetric synthesis - a synthetic technique whereby the desired stereoisomer is synthesized from an achiral precursor under conditions that produce asymmetry ( / .< ., chirality) in the product, which may be achieved using chiral catalysts or chiral auxiliaries; vi) diastereomer separations - a technique whereby a racemic compound is reacted with an enantiomerically pure reagent (the chiral auxiliary) that converts the individual enantiomers to diastereomers. The resulting diastereomers are then separated bychromatography or crystallization by virtue of their now more distinct structural differences and the chiral auxiliary later removed to obtain the desired enantiomer; vii) first- and second-order asymmetric transformations - a technique whereby diastereomers from the racemate equilibrate to yield a preponderance in solution of the diastereomer from the desired enantiomer or where preferential crystallization of the diastereomer from the desired enantiomer perturbs the equilibrium such that eventually in principle all the material is converted to the crystalline diastereomer from the desired enantiomer. The desired enantiomer is then released from the diastereomer; viii) kinetic resolutions - this technique refers to the achievement of partial or complete resolution of a racemate (or of a further resolution of a partially resolved compound) by virtue of unequal reaction rates of the stereoisomers with a chiral, non-racemic reagent or catalyst under kinetic conditions; ix) stereospecific synthesis from non-racemic precursors - a synthetic technique whereby the desired stereoisomer is obtained from non-chiral starting materials and where the stereochemical integrity is not or is only minimally compromised over the course of the synthesis; x) chiral liquid chromatography - a technique whereby the stereoisomers of a racemate are separated in a liquid mobile phase by virtue of their differing interactions with a stationary phase. The stationary phase can be made of chiral material or the mobile phase can contain an additional chiral material to provoke the differing interactions; xi) chiral gas chromatography - a technique whereby the racemate is volatilized and stereoisomers are separated by virtue of their differing interactions in the gaseous mobile phase with a column containing a fixed non-racemic chiral adsorbent phase; xii) extraction with chiral solvents - a technique whereby the stereoisomers are separated by virtue of preferential dissolution of one stereoisomer into a particular chiral solvent; xiii) transport across chiral membranes - a technique whereby a racemate is placed in contact with a thin membrane barrier. The barrier typically separates two miscible fluids, one containing the racemate, and a driving force such as concentration or pressure differential causes preferential transport across the membrane barrier. Separation occurs as a result of the non-racemic chiral nature of the membrane which allows only one stereoisomer of the racemate to pass through.

[0156] In some or any embodiments, provided is a composition of a compound that comprises a substantially pure designated stereoisomer of the compound. In some or any embodiments, in the methods and compounds, the compounds are substantially free of otherstereoisomer. In some or any embodiments, a composition includes a compound that is at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% by weight, of the designated stereoisomer, the remainder comprising other chemical species or stereoisomers.Isotopically Enriched Compounds

[0157] Also provided herein are isotopically enriched compounds.

[0158] Isotopic enrichment (in some or any embodiments, deuteration) of pharmaceuticals to improve pharmacokinetics (“PK”), pharmacodynamics (“PD”), and toxicity profiles, has been demonstrated previously with some classes of drugs. See, for example, Lijinsky et. al., Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 20: 393 (1982); Lijinsky et. al., J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 69: 1127 (1982); Mangold et. al., Mutation Res. 308: 33 (1994); Gordon et. al., Drug Metab. Dispos., 15: 589 (1987); Zello et. al., Metabolism, 43: 487 (1994); Gately et. al., J. Nucl. Med., 27: 388 (1986); Wade D, Chem. Biol. Interact. 117: 191 (1999).

[0159] Isotopic enrichment of a drug can be used, in some or any embodiments, to (1) reduce or eliminate unwanted metabolites, (2) increase the half-life of the parent drug, (3) decrease the number of doses needed to achieve a desired effect, (4) decrease the amount of a dose necessary to achieve a desired effect, (5) increase the formation of active metabolites, if any are formed, and / or (6) decrees the production of deleterious metabolites in specific tissues and / or create a more effective drug and / or a safer drug for combination therapy, whether the combination therapy is intentional or not.

[0160] Replacement of an atom for one of its isotopes often will result in a change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. This phenomenon is known as the Kinetic Isotope Effect (“KIE”). For example, if a C-H bond is broken during a rate-determining step in a chemical reaction (i.e. the step with the highest transition state energy), substitution of a deuterium for that hydrogen will cause a decrease in the reaction rate and the process will slow down. This phenomenon is known as the Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect (“DKIE”). See, e.g., Foster et al., Adv. Drug Res., vol. 14, pp. 1-36 (1985); Kushner et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., vol. 77, pp. 79-88 (1999).

[0161] The magnitude of the DKIE can be expressed as the ratio between the rates of a given reaction in which a C-H bond is broken, and the same reaction where deuterium is substituted for hydrogen. The DKIE can range from about 1 (no isotope effect) to very large numbers, such as 50 or more, meaning that the reaction can be fifty, or more, times slower when deuterium is substituted for hydrogen. High DKIE values may be due in part to aphenomenon known as tunneling, which is a consequence of the uncertainty principle. Tunneling is ascribed to the small mass of a hydrogen atom, and occurs because transition states involving a proton can sometimes form in the absence of the required activation energy. Because deuterium has more mass than hydrogen, it statistically has a much lower probability of undergoing this phenomenon.

[0162] Tritium (“T”) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, used in research, fusion reactors, neutron generators and radiopharmaceuticals. Tritium is a hydrogen atom that has 2 neutrons in the nucleus and has an atomic weight close to 3. It occurs naturally in the environment in very low concentrations, most commonly found as T2O. Tritium decays slowly (half-life = 12.3 years) and emits a low energy beta particle that cannot penetrate the outer layer of human skin. Internal exposure is the main hazard associated with this isotope, yet it must be ingested in large amounts to pose a significant health risk. As compared with deuterium, a lesser amount of tritium must be consumed before it reaches a hazardous level. Substitution of tritium (“T”) for hydrogen results in yet a stronger bond than deuterium and gives numerically larger isotope effects. Similarly, substitution of isotopes for other elements, including, but not limited to,13C or14C for carbon,33S,34S, or36S for sulfur,15N for nitrogen, and17O or18O for oxygen, may lead to a similar kinetic isotope effect.

[0163] For example, the DKIE was used to decrease the hepatotoxicity of halothane by presumably limiting the production of reactive species such as trifluoroacetyl chloride. However, this method may not be applicable to all drug classes. For example, deuterium incorporation can lead to metabolic switching. The concept of metabolic switching asserts that xenogens, when sequestered by Phase I enzymes, may bind transiently and re-bind in a variety of conformations prior to the chemical reaction (e.g., oxidation). This hypothesis is supported by the relatively vast size of binding pockets in many Phase I enzymes and the promiscuous nature of many metabolic reactions. Metabolic switching can potentially lead to different proportions of known metabolites as well as altogether new metabolites. This new metabolic profile may impart more or less toxicity.

[0164] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be used as radiopharmaceuticals such as, for example, imaging agents. In one instance, radiopharmaceuticals are positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In such embodiments, substitution of radionuclides (e.g., positron emitting isotopes) for atoms in the compounds allows for the syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals that can function as imaging agents. In some embodiments, radionuclides which can be substituted in the compounds described herein include, and are not limited to,18F,UC,13N,15O,76Br, and124I. In someembodiments, the compound is isotopically enriched at one or more atoms, one atom, two atoms, or three atoms. In some embodiments, the compound is administered as an isotopic composition.

[0165] The animal body expresses a variety of enzymes for the purpose of eliminating foreign substances, such as therapeutic agents, from its circulation system. In some or any embodiments, such enzymes include the cytochrome P450 enzymes (“CYPs”), esterases, proteases, reductases, dehydrogenases, and monoamine oxidases, to react with and convert these foreign substances to more polar intermediates or metabolites for renal excretion. Some of the most common metabolic reactions of pharmaceutical compounds involve the oxidation of a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond to either a carbon-oxygen (C-O) or carbon-carbon (C-C) pi-bond. The resultant metabolites may be stable or unstable under physiological conditions, and can have substantially different pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and acute and longterm toxicity profiles relative to the parent compounds. For many drugs, such oxidations are rapid. These drugs therefore often require the administration of multiple or high daily doses.

[0166] Therefore, isotopic enrichment at certain positions of a compound provided herein will produce a detectable KIE that will affect the pharmacokinetic, pharmacologic, and / or toxicological profiles of a compound provided herein in comparison with a similar compound having a natural isotopic composition.Preparation of Compounds

[0167] The compounds provided herein can be prepared, isolated or obtained by any method apparent to those of skill in the art. Compounds provided herein can be prepared according to the Exemplary Preparation Schemes provided below. Reaction conditions, steps and reactants not provided in the Exemplary Preparation Schemes would be apparent to, and known by, those skilled in the art.

[0168] Additional steps and reagents not provided in the Exemplary Preparation Scheme would be known to those of skill in the art. For example, intermediates and compounds could be prepared using the procedures known by one of ordinary skill in the art or as disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application Numbers: 63 / 417,257; 63 / 418,947; and 63 / 418,956 (wherein the synthetic methods disclosed therein are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Exemplary methods of preparation are described in detail in the Examples herein.

[0169] In one or more embodiments, provided is a method of preparing a compound ofFormula (I), comprising: a) contacting a compound of Formula.,R2-C(O)H; or b) contacting a compound of Formula (B):withR2’-C(NH)NH2, wherein R20is Me or CD3; or c) contacting a compound of Formula (C):wherein LG1is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate; and optionally isolating the compound of Formula (I); wherein R2' is (bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, (cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; (hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or (il) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylatesalt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof. In one or more embodiments, methods of preparing a compound of Formula (I) include contacting under basic conditions; and all other groups are as defined herein in any embodiments; and optionally wherein R1and Rlaare independently hydrogen or alkyl.

[0170] One of skill will understand that the order of steps for any process described herein may be changed. Other variations will be apparent to one of skill in the art and all such variations are contemplated within the scope of embodiments presented herein.Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of Administration

[0171] The compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions using methods available in the art and those disclosed herein. Any of the compounds disclosed herein can be provided in the appropriate pharmaceutical composition and be administered by a suitable route of administration. Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), as described herein in some and any embodiments, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0172] In some embodiments, the composition is a topical composition.

[0173] The methods provided herein encompass administering pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one compound as described herein, including a compound of Formula (I) if appropriate in a salt form, either used alone or in the form of a combination with one or more compatible and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as diluents or adjuvants, or with another agent for the treatment of wounds and / or conditions modulated by Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity.

[0174] In the compositions as described herein (including in the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition), other pharmaceutical or therapeutic compounds may be included in addition to the compound of Formula (I). In other words, the compositions (including in the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition) with the compound of Formula (I) present can also serve as a base dispersion medium in which other pharmaceutical or therapeutic agents, especially those which are hydrophobic, may be dispersed, e.g., for topical administration to a wound. These agents may include antifibrotic compounds such as pirfenidone, halofuginone, nintedanib, tocilizumab, rilonacept, etc., anti-cancer agents, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, antibiotics, Wnt inhibitors, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, TGF-P inhibitors, LOX inhibitors, etc.

[0175] In some embodiments, the compositions can include a second medication or therapeutic agent to the wound, comprising one or more of: corticosteroid, a cytotoxic drug, an antibiotic, an antiseptic, nicotine, an anti-platelet drug, an NSAID, colchicine, an anticoagulant, a vasoconstricting drug or an immunosuppressive, a growth factor, an antibody, a protease, a protease inhibitor, an antibacterial peptide, an adhesive peptide, a hemostatic agent, living cells, honey, or nitric oxide. These therapeutic agents can be delivered as separate dosage forms from the compositions described herein, or may be included as additional components of the compositions described herein, hence delivered together with the compound of Formula (I)(or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8).

[0176] In some or any embodiments, the second agent can be formulated or packaged with the compound provided herein. Of course, the second agent will only be formulated with the compound provided herein when, according to the judgment of those of skill in the art, such co-formulation should not interfere with the activity of either agent or the method of administration. In some or any embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second agent are formulated separately. They can be packaged together, or packaged separately, for the convenience of the practitioner of skill in the art.

[0177] In clinical practice the active agents provided herein may be administered by any conventional route, in particular parenterally, rectally, orally, by inhalation (e.g. in the form of aerosols), or topically.

[0178] The composition(s) of the present disclosure described herein can be administered by applying the composition(s) topically on the wound. If the composition is included in a medical device described herein which includes a substrate such as a patch or a pad, the medical device can be secured to the wound such that the composition contacts the wound.

[0179] Use may be made, as solid compositions for oral administration, of tablets, pills, hard gelatin capsules, powders or granules. In these compositions, the active product is mixed with one or more inert diluents or adjuvants, such as sucrose, lactose or starch.

[0180] These compositions can comprise substances other than diluents, for example a lubricant, such as magnesium stearate, or a coating intended for controlled release.

[0181] Use may be made, as liquid compositions for oral administration, of solutions which are pharmaceutically acceptable, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs containing inert diluents, such as water or liquid paraffin. These compositions can also comprise substances other than diluents, in some or any embodiments, wetting, sweetening or flavoring products.

[0182] The compositions for parenteral administration can be emulsions or sterile solutions. Use may be made, as solvent or vehicle, of propylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils, in particular olive oil, or injectable organic esters, in some or any embodiments, ethyl oleate. These compositions can also contain adjuvants, in particular wetting, isotonizing, emulsifying, dispersing and stabilizing agents. Sterilization can be carried out in several ways, in some or any embodiments, using a bacteriological filter, by radiation or by heating. They can also be prepared in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved at the time of use in sterile water or any other injectable sterile medium.

[0183] The compositions for rectal administration are suppositories or rectal capsules which contain, in addition to the active principle, excipients such as cocoa butter, semisynthetic glycerides or polyethylene glycols.

[0184] The compositions can also be aerosols. For use in the form of liquid aerosols or sprays, the compositions can be stable sterile solutions or solid compositions dissolved at the time of use in apyrogenic sterile water, in saline or any other pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. For use in the form of dry aerosols intended to be directly inhaled, the active principle is finely divided and combined with a water-soluble solid diluent or vehicle, in some or any embodiments, dextran, mannitol or lactose. In one or more embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is a spray.

[0185] In some or any embodiments, a composition provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition or a single unit dosage form. Pharmaceutical compositions and single unit dosage forms provided herein comprise a therapeutically effective amount of one or more therapeutic agents (e.g., a compound provided herein, or other therapeutic agent), and a typically one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (e.g. excipients). In a specific embodiment and in this context, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans. In some embodiments, the term “carrier” includes a diluent, disintegrant, lubricant, adjuvant (e.g., Freund’s adjuvant (complete and incomplete)), excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water can be used as a carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Press; 22 edition (September 15, 2012).

[0186] Typical pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprise one or more excipients. Suitable excipients are well-known to those skilled in the art of pharmacy, and in some or any embodiments, suitable excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like. Whether a particular excipient is suitable for incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form depends on a variety of factors well known in the art including, but not limited to, the way in which the dosage form will be administered to a mammal and the specific active ingredients in the dosage form. The composition or single unit dosage form, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.

[0187] Lactose free compositions provided herein can comprise excipients that are well known in the art and are listed, in some or any embodiments, in the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP 36-NF 31 S2). In general, lactose free compositions comprise an active ingredient, a binder / filler, and a lubricant in pharmaceutically compatible and pharmaceutically acceptable amounts. Exemplary lactose free dosage forms comprise an active ingredient, microcrystalline cellulose, pre gelatinized starch, and magnesium stearate.

[0188] Further encompassed herein are anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising active ingredients, since water can facilitate the degradation of some compounds. For example, the addition of water (e.g., 5%) is widely accepted in the pharmaceutical arts as a means of simulating long term storage in order to determine characteristics such as shelf life or the stability of formulations over time. See, e.g., Jens T. Carstensen, Drug Stability: Principles & Practice, 2d. Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995, pp. 379 80. In effect, water and heat accelerate the decomposition of some compounds. Thus, the effect of water on a formulation can be of great significance since moisture and / or humidity are commonly encountered during manufacture, handling, packaging, storage, shipment, and use of formulations.

[0189] Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms provided herein can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture containing ingredients and low moisture or low humidity conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that comprise lactose and at least one active ingredient that comprises a primary or secondary amine can be anhydrous if substantial contact with moisture and / or humidity during manufacturing, packaging, and / or storage is expected.

[0190] An anhydrous pharmaceutical composition should be prepared and stored such that its anhydrous nature is maintained. Accordingly, anhydrous compositions can be packaged using materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included in suitable formulary kits. In some or any embodiments, suitable packaging include, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastics, unit dose containers (e.g., vials), blister packs, and strip packs.

[0191] Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that comprise one or more compounds that reduce the rate by which an active ingredient will decompose. Such compounds, which are referred to herein as “stabilizers,” include, but are not limited to, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, pH buffers, or salt buffers.

[0192] Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that comprise one or more chemical permeation enhancer. In some or any embodiments, chemical permeation enhancers include but are not limited to ethanol, amides (such as Ozone, Laurocapram), alkyl and benzoate esters, fatty acid esters (such as isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol monocaprylate and propyleneglycomonolaurate), Transcutol (Registered name), fatty acids (oleic acid), glycols, pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 2-pyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), terpenes (such as essential oils comprising terpenes), phospholipids, and / or cyclodeextrines.

[0193] The pharmaceutical compositions and single unit dosage forms can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Such compositions and dosage forms will contain a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent, in some or any embodiments, in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the mammal. The formulation should suit the mode of administration. In a some or any embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions or single unit dosage forms are sterile and in suitable form for administration to a mammal, in some or any embodiments, a human.

[0194] A pharmaceutical composition is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. In some or any embodiments, routes of administration include, but are not limited to, parenteral, e.g., intrathecal, epidural, local or regional for peripheral nerve block, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral, buccal, sublingual, inhalation, intranasal, transdermal, topical (including administration to the eye, and in someembodiments to the cornea), transmucosal, intra-tumoral, intra-synovial, and rectal administration. In a specific embodiment, the composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, intranasal, or topical (including administration to the eye, and in some embodiments to the cornea) administration to human beings. In a specific embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures for subcutaneous administration to human beings. Typically, compositions for intravenous administration are solutions in sterile isotonic aqueous buffer. Where necessary, the composition may also include a solubilizing agent and a local anesthetic such as lignocamne to ease pain at the site of the injection.

[0195] In some or any embodiments, dosage forms include, but are not limited to: sprays, tablets; caplets; capsules, such as soft elastic gelatin capsules; cachets; troches; lozenges; dispersions; suppositories; ointments; cataplasms (poultices); pastes; powders; dressings; creams; plasters; solutions; patches; aerosols (e.g., nasal sprays or inhalers); gels; liquid dosage forms suitable for oral or mucosal administration to a mammal, including suspensions (e.g., aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspensions, oil in water emulsions, or a water in oil liquid emulsions), solutions, and elixirs; liquid dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration to a mammal; and sterile solids e.g., crystalline or amorphous solids) that can be reconstituted to provide liquid dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration to a mammal.

[0196] The composition, shape, and type of dosage forms provided herein will typically vary depending on their use. In some or any embodiments, a dosage form used in the initial treatment of the disease, disorder, or condition may contain larger amounts of one or more of the active ingredients it comprises than a dosage form used in the maintenance treatment of the same disease, disorder, or condition. Similarly, a parenteral dosage form may contain smaller amounts of one or more of the active ingredients it comprises than an oral dosage form used to treat the same disease or disorder. These and other ways in which specific dosage forms encompassed herein will vary from one another will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Press; 22 edition (September 15, 2012).

[0197] Generally, the ingredients of compositions are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, in some or any embodiments, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachet indicating the quantity of active agent. Where the composition is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical gradewater or saline. Where the composition is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration.

[0198] Typical dosage forms comprise a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof lie within the range of from about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg per day, given as a single once-a-day dose in the morning or as divided doses throughout the day taken with food. Particular dosage forms can have about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 200, 250, 500 or 1000 mg of the active compound.Oral Dosage Forms

[0199] Pharmaceutical compositions that are suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such as, but are not limited to, tablets (e.g., chewable tablets), caplets, capsules, and liquids (e.g., flavored syrups). Such dosage forms contain predetermined amounts of active ingredients, and may be prepared by methods of pharmacy well known to those skilled in the art. See generally, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Press; 22 edition (September 15, 2012).

[0200] In some or any embodiments, the oral dosage forms are solid and prepared under anhydrous conditions with anhydrous ingredients, as described in detail herein. However, the scope of the compositions provided herein extends beyond anhydrous, solid oral dosage forms. As such, further forms are described herein.

[0201] Typical oral dosage forms are prepared by combining the active ingredient(s) in an intimate admixture with at least one excipient according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques. Excipients can take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. In some or any embodiments, excipients suitable for use in oral liquid or aerosol dosage forms include, but are not limited to, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, and coloring agents. In some or any embodiments, excipients suitable for use in solid oral dosage forms (e.g., powders, tablets, capsules, and caplets) include, but are not limited to, starches, sugars, micro crystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and disintegrating agents.

[0202] Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms, in which case solid excipients are employed. If desired, tablets can be coated by standard aqueous or non-aqueous techniques. Such dosage forms canbe prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy. In general, pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredients with liquid carriers, finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then shaping the product into the desired presentation if necessary.

[0203] In some or any embodiments, a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding. Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredients in a free flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with an excipient. Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.

[0204] In some or any embodiments, one or more of the following can be used in the pharmaceutical composition: benzyl alcohol, butyl paraben, butylated hydroxy toluene, calcium carbonate, candelilla wax, colloidal silicone dioxide, calcium stearate, calcium disodium EDTA, copolyvidone or copovidone, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, crosspovidone, calcium phosphate (di and tri basic), emollients (glyceryl monostearate), iron oxide ivyyellow yellow, and iron.

[0205] In some or any embodiments, excipients that can be used in oral dosage forms include, but are not limited to, binders, fillers, disintegrants, and lubricants. Binders suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, copolyvidone or copovidone, corn starch, potato starch, or other starches, gelatin, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, pre gelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, (e.g., Nos. 2208, 2906, 2910), microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.

[0206] In some or any embodiments, fillers suitable for use in the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, talc, calcium carbonate (e.g., granules or powder), microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates, kaolin, mannitol, silicic acid, sorbitol, starch, pre gelatinized starch, and mixtures thereof. The binder or filler in pharmaceutical compositions is typically present in from about 50 to about 99 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form.

[0207] In some or any embodiments, suitable forms of microcrystalline cellulose include, but are not limited to, the materials sold as AVICEL PH 101, AVICEL PH 103 AVICEL RC 581, AVICEL PH 105 (available from FMC Corporation, American Viscose Division, Avicel Sales, Marcus Hook, PA), and mixtures thereof. A specific binder is a mixture ofmicrocrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sold as AVICEL RC 581. Suitable anhydrous or low moisture excipients or additives include AVICEL PH 103™ and Starch 1500 LM.

[0208] Disintegrants are used in the compositions to provide tablets that disintegrate when exposed to an aqueous environment. Tablets that contain too much disintegrant may disintegrate in storage, while those that contain too little may not disintegrate at a desired rate or under the desired conditions. Thus, a sufficient amount of disintegrant that is neither too much nor too little to detrimentally alter the release of the active ingredients should be used to form solid oral dosage forms. The amount of disintegrant used varies based upon the type of formulation, and is readily discernible to those of ordinary skill in the art. Typical pharmaceutical compositions comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent of disintegrant, specifically from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of disintegrant.

[0209] Disintegrants that can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, crosspovidone, agar, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polacrilin potassium, sodium starch glycolate, potato or tapioca starch, pre gelatinized starch, other starches, clays, other algins, other celluloses, gums, and mixtures thereof.

[0210] Lubricants that can be used in pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil (e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, com oil, and soybean oil), zinc stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl laureate, agar, and mixtures thereof. Additional lubricants include, in some or any embodiments, a syloid silica gel (AEROSIL 200, manufactured by W.R. Grace Co. of Baltimore, MD), a coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica (marketed by Degussa Co. of Plano, TX), CAB O SIL (a pyrogenic silicon dioxide product sold by Cabot Co. of Boston, MA), and mixtures thereof. If used at all, lubricants are typically used in an amount of less than about 1 weight percent of the pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms into which they are incorporated.GO-HA Formulation(s) (with compound(s) of Formula (I), and any embodiments thereof)

[0211] In one or more embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition (for example, for treating a wound) is provided, which includes: a matrix component comprising a conjugate of graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) where GO and HA are covalently linked via alinker; a compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8); and water. The covalently-linked GO and HA is also referred to herein as GO-HA conjugate or simply GO-HA. The GO-HA conjugate can be made according to procedures known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, including those disclosed in US-2019-0105398-A1.

[0212] Graphene oxide (GO) as used herein refers to an oxidized form of graphene, which is a single layer form of graphite. GO can be obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. GO contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in various amounts, depending on how it is made. It can be of length of several hundreds of nanometers up to several micrometers, its planar direction, and about 0.7-1.2 nm in thickness. GO can include various oxygen containing moieties, such as oxygen epoxide groups, carboxylic acid (-COOH), phenol, etc., when prepared using sulfuric acid (e.g. Hummers method). An example GO structure is shown below.

[0213] Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic, highly hydrophilic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, occurring naturally throughout the human body. It can be several thousands of carbohydrate units long, and can bind to water giving it a gel of stiff viscous quality. An example structure of HA is provided below:

[0214] In a composition of present disclosure, the GO and HA are covalently linked to form a matrix component (or a carrier), which can serve to form a stable suspension the compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) as well asproviding other simultaneous benefits to wound healing. The covalent linking can be accomplished by using a linker or linker moiety (“GO-HA linker”). In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker can include 2-25 carbons. In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker is linear. In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker is branched. The GO-HA linker can be saturated or unsaturated.

[0215] In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker can comprise a C2-C25 alkylene group, where the carbons and hydrogens in the alkylene group can be substituted by oxygen or other atoms or groups such as hydroxy, carboxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitro, etc. In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker can comprise one or more -CH2CH2O- units.

[0216] In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA linker comprises -Rx-Rs-Ry-, wherein Rxand Ryare each independently selected from the group consisting of -CO-, -COO-, - H-, - H- H-, - H- H- CO-, -CS-, -S-, -O-, and wherein Rs(which is also referred to as the spacer group in this application) can be an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated linear alkylene group having 2-20 backbone carbons. In one or more embodiments, both Rxand Ryare *- H- H-CO- (* denoting the ends of the linker distal to Rs).

[0217] In one or more embodiments, the spacer group in the GO-HA linker can be an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated linear alkylene group having 2-20 backbone carbons. For illustration and not limitation, the HA can be derivatized with one of the following spacer groups:where R101and R102can be independently -CONHNH-, -S-, -NH-, -0-, or other nucleophiles, and n is an integer and can be for example, 1-20, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. In one or more embodiments, the HA is derivatized with a spacer group comprising a dihydrazide (e.g. -NHNHC(O)-alkylene-CONHNH-), such as adipic acid dihydrazide (-NHNHC(O)(CH2)4CONHNH-).

[0218] In one or more embodiments of the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition, the weight ratio of the compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) to GO-HA can be from about 1 : 100 to 100: 1, e.g., from about 1 :2 to about 2: 1. In one or more embodiments, in the GO-HA conjugate, the weight ratio of GO:HA can be from about 1 : 1 to about 1 :20, or from about 1 :6 to about 1 : 10.

[0219] In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition further comprises pharmaceutical carriers (e.g. excipients), compounds, or materials which enable the compositions to be presented in topically administrable semi-solid aqueous gel forms. For example, carboxymethylcellulose can be used as a gel -forming agent. However, other cellulose derivatives such as microcrystalline cellulose as well as polysaccharides such as alginate, agarose, tragacanth, guar gum, and xanthum gum; are also suitable as gel-forming agents. The gel may, if required, be made thicker and / or stiffer by addition of a relatively resilient gelforming material such as a cross-linked fibrous protein, e.g. gelatin or collagen cross-linked with formaldehyde. In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition can be in a form of a cream, which can include those excipients suitable for a cream formulation, such as paraffin oil, vaseline, wax, organic esters such as cetyl palmitate, etc.

[0220] In one or more embodiments, the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure further comprises a thickener for desired viscosity of the composition for skin delivery. For example, the thickener can include hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). HPC can make the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition into a smooth film for easy application. It also reduces evaporation and allows the wound to stay moist longer, a factor that has been shown to improve healing and result in decreased scarring. There are different grades of UPC available according to molecular weights or viscosity of certain concentrations of UPC water solution.

[0221] In one or more embodiments of the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition, the compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) can constitute from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total composition (including water). In one or more embodiments of the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition, the compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) can constitute from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.02 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.05 wt% toabout 0.5 wt% of the total composition. In one or more embodiments, GO-HA constitutes from about 0.001 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total composition. In one or more embodiments, GO-HA can constitute from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.02 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the total composition.

[0222] In general, the GO-HA pharmaceutical composition overall can appear as a slightly dark or black viscous liquid. The compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) is evenly dispersed in the viscous suspension, which is stable at room temperature for months. In one or more embodiments, the composition further comprises a surfactant that enhances mixability or solubility of hydrophobic substances in water. In one or more examples, the surfactant can be a non-ionic hydrophilic material such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG can have a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 100 to about 10,000 Daltons, or about 200 to about 4000 Daltons, e.g., from about 200 to about 1000, from about 200 to about 800, from about 200 to about 500, from about 200 to about 400, from about 300 to about 400, from about 350 to about 450, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950, about 1000 Daltons, etc. In one or more embodiments, the PEG can be present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 wt % of that of the total composition. For example, the PEG can be from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, or from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the total composition. Other non-ionic hydrophilic material such as copolymers of PEG and PPG (polypropylene glycol), e.g., poloxamers, can also be used. In one example, Poloxamer-188 (which has an average molecular weight of about 8400 Daltons) can be used.

[0223] In the GO-HA pharmaceutical compositions as described herein, other pharmaceutical or therapeutic compounds may be included in addition to a compound of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8). In other words, the GO-HA pharmaceutical compositions with compound(s) of Formula (I) (such as Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) present can also serve as a base dispersion medium in which other pharmaceutical or therapeutic agents, especially those which are hydrophobic, may be dispersed, e.g., for topical administration to a wound. These agents may include antifibrotic compounds such as pirfenidone, halofuginone, nintedanib, tocilizumab, rilonacept, etc., anticancer agents, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, antibiotics, Wnt inhibitors, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, TGF-B inhibitors, LOX inhibitors, etc.Delayed Release Dosage Forms

[0224] Active ingredients such as the compounds provided herein can be administered by controlled release means or by delivery devices that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some or any embodiments, but are not limited to, those described in U.S. Patent Nos.: 3,845,770; 3,916,899; 3,536,809; 3,598,123; 4,008,719; 5,674,533; 5,059,595; 5,591,767; 5,120,548; 5,073,543; 5,639,476; 5,354,556; 5,639,480; 5,733,566; 5,739,108; 5,891,474; 5,922,356; 5,972,891; 5,980,945; 5,993,855; 6,045,830; 6,087,324; 6,113,943; 6,197,350; 6,248,363; 6,264,970; 6,267,981; 6,376,461; 6,419,961; 6,589,548; 6,613,358; and 6,699,500; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Such dosage forms can be used to provide slow or controlled release of one or more active ingredients using, in some or any embodiments, hydropropylmethyl cellulose, other polymer matrices, gels, permeable membranes, osmotic systems, multilayer coatings, microparticles, liposomes, microspheres, or a combination thereof to provide the desired release profile in varying proportions. Suitable controlled release formulations known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including those described herein, can be readily selected for use with the active ingredients provided herein. Thus encompassed herein are unit dosage forms suitable for oral administration such as, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, gel caps, and caplets that are adapted for controlled release.

[0225] All controlled release pharmaceutical products have a common goal of improving drug therapy over that achieved by their non-controlled counterparts. Ideally, the use of an optimally designed controlled release preparation in medical treatment is characterized by a minimum of drug substance being employed to cure or control the condition in a minimum amount of time. Advantages of controlled release formulations include extended activity of the drug, reduced dosage frequency, and increased compliance. In addition, controlled release formulations can be used to affect the time of onset of action or other characteristics, such as blood levels of the drug, and can thus affect the occurrence of side (e.g., adverse) effects.

[0226] Most controlled release formulations are designed to initially release an amount of drug (active ingredient) that promptly produces the desired therapeutic effect, and gradually and continually release of other amounts of drug to maintain this level of therapeutic or prophylactic effect over an extended period of time. In order to maintain this constant level of drug in the body, the drug must be released from the dosage form at a rate that will replace the amount of drug being metabolized and excreted from the body. Controlled release of an activeingredient can be stimulated by various conditions including, but not limited to, pH, temperature, enzymes, water, or other physiological conditions or compounds.

[0227] In some or any embodiments, the drug may be administered using intravenous infusion, an implantable osmotic pump, a transdermal patch, liposomes, or other modes of administration. In some or any embodiments, a pump may be used (see, Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201 (1987); Buchwald et al., Surgery 88:507 (1980); Saudek et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 321 :574 (1989)). In another embodiment, polymeric materials can be used. In yet another embodiment, a controlled release system can be placed in a mammal at an appropriate site determined by a practitioner of skill, i.e., thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose (see, e.g., Goodson, Medical Applications of Controlled Release, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984)). Other controlled release systems are discussed in the review by Langer (Science 2 9A52rl- 1533 (1990)). The active ingredient can be dispersed in a solid inner matrix, e.g., polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylmethacrylate, plasticized or unplasticized polyvinylchloride, plasticized nylon, plasticized polyethyleneterephthalate, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, polyethylene, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, silicone rubbers, polydimethylsiloxanes, silicone carbonate copolymers, hydrophilic polymers such as hydrogels of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, collagen, cross-linked polyvinylalcohol and cross-linked partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, that is surrounded by an outer polymeric membrane, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene copolymers, ethyl ene / ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / vinylacetate copolymers, silicone rubbers, polydimethyl siloxanes, neoprene rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, vinylchloride copolymers with vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, ethylene and propylene, ionomer polyethylene terephthalate, butyl rubber epichlorohydrin rubbers, ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethyl ene / vinyl acetate / vinyl alcohol terpolymer, and ethylene / vinyloxyethanol copolymer, that is insoluble in body fluids. The active ingredient then diffuses through the outer polymeric membrane in a release rate controlling step. The percentage of active ingredient in such parenteral compositions is highly dependent on the specific nature thereof, as well as the needs of the mammal.Parenteral Dosage Forms

[0228] In some or any embodiments, provided are parenteral dosage forms. Parenteral dosage forms can be administered to mammals by various routes including, but not limited to, subcutaneous, intravenous (including bolus injection), intramuscular, and intra-arterial.Because their administration typically bypasses the mammal’s natural defenses against contaminants, parenteral dosage forms are typically, sterile or capable of being sterilized prior to administration to a mammal. In some or any embodiments, parenteral dosage forms include, but are not limited to, solutions ready for injection, dry products ready to be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for injection, suspensions ready for injection, and emulsions.

[0229] Suitable vehicles that can be used to provide parenteral dosage forms are well known to those skilled in the art. In some or any embodiments, suitable vehicles include, but are not limited to: Water for Injection USP; aqueous vehicles such as, but not limited to, Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer’s Injection, Dextrose Injection, Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, and Lactated Ringer’s Injection; water miscible vehicles such as, but not limited to, ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol; and non-aqueous vehicles such as, but not limited to, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, and benzyl benzoate.

[0230] Compounds that increase the solubility of one or more of the active ingredients disclosed herein can also be incorporated into the parenteral dosage forms.Transdermal, Topical & Mucosal Dosage Forms

[0231] Also provided are transdermal, topical, and mucosal dosage forms. Transdermal, topical, and mucosal dosage forms include, but are not limited to, ophthalmic solutions, sprays, aerosols, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, or other forms known to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Press; 22 edition (September 15, 2012); and Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 4th ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (1985). Dosage forms suitable for treating mucosal tissues within the oral cavity can be formulated as mouthwashes or as oral gels. Further, transdermal dosage forms include “reservoir type” or “matrix type” patches, which can be applied to the skin and worn for a specific period of time to permit the penetration of a desired amount of active ingredients.

[0232] Suitable carriers (e.g., excipients and diluents) and other materials that can be used to provide transdermal, topical, and mucosal dosage forms encompassed herein are well known to those skilled in the pharmaceutical arts, and depend on the particular tissue to which a given pharmaceutical composition or dosage form will be applied. With that fact in mind, typical excipients include, but are not limited to, water, acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, butane 1,3 diol, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof to form lotions, tinctures, creams, emulsions, gels or ointments, which are nontoxic and pharmaceutically acceptable. Moisturizers or humectants can also be added to pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms if desired. Examples of such additional ingredients are well known in the art. See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Press; 22 edition (September 15, 2012).

[0233] Depending on the specific tissue to be treated, additional components may be used prior to, in conjunction with, or subsequent to treatment with active ingredients provided. In some or any embodiments, penetration enhancers can be used to assist in delivering the active ingredients to the tissue. Suitable penetration enhancers include, but are not limited to: acetone; various alcohols such as ethanol, oleyl, and tetrahydrofuryl; alkyl sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethyl acetamide; dimethyl formamide; polyethylene glycol; pyrrolidones such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; Kollidon grades (Povidone, Polyvidone); urea; and various water soluble or insoluble sugar esters such as Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) and Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate).

[0234] The pH of a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form, or of the tissue to which the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is applied, may also be adjusted to improve delivery of one or more active ingredients. Similarly, the polarity of a solvent carrier, its ionic strength, or tonicity can be adjusted to improve delivery. Compounds such as stearates can also be added to pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms to advantageously alter the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of one or more active ingredients so as to improve delivery. In this regard, stearates can serve as a lipid vehicle for the formulation, as an emulsifying agent or surfactant, and as a delivery enhancing or penetration enhancing agent. Different salts, hydrates or solvates of the active ingredients can be used to further adjust the properties of the resulting composition.Dosage and Unit Dosage Forms

[0235] In human therapeutics, the doctor will determine the posology which the doctor considers most appropriate according to the treatment needed (e.g. preventative or curative) and according to the age, weight, stage of the disease, disorder, or condition and other factors specific to the mammal to be treated. In some or any embodiments, topical doses are described as mg per cm2of treatment site (e.g. a wound) and are from about 0.001 to about 50 mg / cm2, or from about 0.005 to about 50 mg / cm2, or from about 0.01 to about 50 mg / cm2, or from about0.01 to about 40 mg / cm2, or from about 0.01 to about 30 mg / cm2, or from about 0.01 to about 20 mg / cm2, or from about 0.01 to about 10 mg / cm2, or from about 0.05 to about 10 mg / cm2, or from about 0.05 to about 1 mg / cm2.

[0236] In some or any embodiments, topical and non-topical doses are from about 1 to about 1000 mg per day for an adult, or from about 5 to about 250 mg per day or from about 10 to about 50 mg per day for an adult. In some or any embodiments, doses are from about 5 to about 400 mg per day or about 25 to about 200 mg per day per adult. In some or any embodiments, dose rates of from about 50 to about 500 mg per day are also contemplated. In some or any embodiments, doses for subcutaneous administration are from about 1 to about 50 mg per day, or from about 1 to about 25 mg per day, or from about 1 to about 10 mg per day, or from about 1 to about 20 mg per day, or from about 5 to about 25 mg per day, or from about 5 mg to about 20 mg per day, or from about 10 to about 20 mg per day. In some or any embodiments, doses for oral administration are from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg per day, from about 0.01 to about 100 mg per day, or from about 0.01 mg to about 50 mg per day, from about 0.01 to about 25 mg per day, from about 0.01 to about 15 mg per day, from about 0.01 to about 10 mg per day, from about 0.05 to about 10 mg per day, from about 0.05 to about 5 mg per day, from about 0.05 to about 1 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 100 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 50 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 25 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 15 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 10 mg per day, from about 0.1 to about 5 mg per day, or from about 0.5 mg to about 1 mg per day, or from about 10 mg to about 200 mg per day. In some or any embodiments, including any of the foregoing embodiments, the daily dose can be administered once a day. In some or any embodiments, including any of the foregoing embodiments, the daily dose can be divided and administered twice a day. In some or any embodiments, including any of the foregoing embodiments, the daily dose can be divided and administered three times a day.

[0237] In some embodiments, the mg / day amounts are for an adult. In further aspects, provided are methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal by administering to a mammal in need thereof, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a compound provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The amount of the compound or composition which will be therapeutically or prophylactically effective in the treatment of a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof will vary with the nature and severity of the disease or condition, and the route by which the active ingredient is administered. The frequency and dosage will also vary according to factors specific for each mammal depending on the specific therapy (e.g.,therapeutic or prophylactic agents) administered, the severity of the disorder, disease, or condition, the route of administration, as well as age, body, weight, response, and the past medical history of the mammal. Effective doses may be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.

[0238] In some or any embodiments, exemplary doses of a composition include milligram or microgram amounts of the active compound per kilogram of mammal or sample weight (e.g., about 10 micrograms per kilogram to about 50 milligrams per kilogram, about 100 micrograms per kilogram to about 25 milligrams per kilogram, or about 100 microgram per kilogram to about 10 milligrams per kilogram). For compositions provided herein, in some or any embodiments, the dosage administered to a mammal is 0.01 mg / kg to 3 mg / kg of the mammal’s body weight, or 0.10 mg / kg to 3 mg / kg of the mammal’s body weight, based on weight of the active compound. In some or any embodiments, the dosage administered to a mammal is between 0.20 mg / kg and 2.00 mg / kg, or between 0.30 mg / kg and 1.50 mg / kg of the mammal’s body weight. In some embodiments, the dosage is administered subcutaneously to a mammal and is between about 0.01 mg / kg to 1 mg / kg (inclusive), or between about 0.03 mg / kg to 0.5 mg / kg (inclusive) of the mammal’s body weight, based on weight of the active compound. In some embodiments, the dosage is administered orally to a mammal and is between about 0.10 mg / kg to 5 mg / kg (inclusive) of the mammal’s body weight, or between about 0.10 mg / kg to 2 mg / kg (inclusive) of the mammal’s body weight, based on weight of the active compound. In some or any embodiments, the recommended daily topical dose range of a composition provided herein for the conditions described herein lie within the range of from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg per day, given as a single once-a-day dose or as divided doses (e.g. in two or three doses) throughout a day.

[0239] In some or any embodiments, the recommended daily dose range of a composition provided herein for the conditions described herein lie within the range of from about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg per day, given as a single once-a-day dose or as divided doses throughout a day. In some or any embodiments, the daily dose is administered twice daily in equally divided doses. In some or any embodiments, the daily dose is administered thrice daily in equally divided doses. In some or any embodiments, the daily dose is administered four times daily in equally divided doses. In some or any embodiments, a daily dose range should be from about 0.01 mg to about 400 mg per day, from about 0.1 mg to about 250 mg per day, from about 10 mg to about 200 mg per day, in other embodiments, or from about 10 mg and about 150 mg per day, in further embodiments, between about 25 and about 100 mg per day. It may be necessary to use dosages of the active ingredient outside the ranges disclosed herein in somecases, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, it is noted that the clinician or treating physician will know how and when to interrupt, adjust, or terminate therapy in conjunction with the response of the mammal.

[0240] Different therapeutically effective amounts may be applicable for different diseases and conditions, as will be readily known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Similarly, amounts sufficient to prevent, manage, treat or ameliorate such disorders, but insufficient to cause, or sufficient to reduce, adverse effects associated with the composition provided herein are also encompassed by the herein described dosage amounts and dose frequency schedules. Further, when a mammal is administered multiple dosages of a composition provided herein, not all of the dosages need be the same. In some or any embodiments, the dosage administered to the mammal may be increased to improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of the composition or it may be decreased to reduce one or more side effects that a particular mammal is experiencing.

[0241] In some or any embodiment, the dosage of the composition provided herein, based on weight of the active compound, administered to prevent, treat, manage, or ameliorate a disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof in a mammal is about 0.01 mg / kg, about 0.1 mg / kg, about 1 mg / kg, about 2 mg / kg, about 3 mg / kg, about 4 mg / kg, about 5 mg / kg, about 6 mg / kg, about 10 mg / kg, or about 15 mg / kg or more of a mammal’s body weight. In another embodiment, the dosage of the composition or a composition provided herein administered to prevent, treat, manage, or ameliorate a disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof in a mammal is a unit dose selected from about 0.01 mg / kg to about 100 mg / kg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 50 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 20 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 15 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 7.5 mg, selected from about 0.1 mg to about 5 mg, 0.1 to about 2.5 mg, selected from about 0.25 mg to about 20 mg, selected from about 0.25 to about 15 mg, selected from about 0.25 to 12 mg, selected from about 0.25 to about 10 mg, selected from about 0.25 mg to about 7.5 mg, selected from about 0.25 mg to about 5 mg, selected from about 0.5 mg to about 2.5 mg, 1 mg to about 20 mg, selected from about 1 mg to about 15 mg, selected from about 1 mg to about 12 mg, 1 mg to about 10 mg, selected from about 1 mg to about 7.5 mg, selected from about 1 mg to about 5 mg, or selected from about 1 mg to about 2.5 mg.

[0242] In some or any embodiments, a dose of a compound or composition provided herein can be administered to achieve a steady-state concentration of the active ingredient in blood orserum of the mammal. The steady-state concentration can be determined by measurement according to techniques available to those of skill or can be based on the physical characteristics of the mammal such as height, weight and age. In some or any embodiments, administration of the same composition may be repeated and the administrations may be separated by at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 75 days, 3 months, or 6 months. In other embodiments, administration of the same prophylactic or therapeutic agent may be repeated and the administration may be separated by at least at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 75 days, 3 months, or 6 months.

[0243] In some or any embodiments, provided herein are unit dosages comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a form suitable for administration. Such forms are described in detail herein. In some or any embodiments, the unit dosage comprises 1 to 1000 mg, 1 to 100 mg or 10 to 50 mg active ingredient. In particular embodiments, the unit dosages comprise about 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg active ingredient. Such unit dosages can be prepared according to techniques familiar to those of skill in the art.

[0244] In some or any embodiments, dosages of the second agents to be used in a combination therapy are provided herein. In some or any embodiments, dosages lower than those which have been or are currently being used to treat the disease, disorder, or condition are used in the combination therapies provided herein. The recommended dosages of second agents can be obtained from the knowledge of those of skill in the art. For those second agents that are approved for clinical use, recommended dosages are described in, for example, Hardman et al., eds., 1996, Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics 9thEd, Mc-Graw-Hill, New York; Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR) 57thEd., 2003, Medical Economics Co., Inc., Montvale, NJ; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0245] In various embodiments, the therapies (e.g., a compound provided herein and the second agent) are administered less than 5 minutes apart, less than 30 minutes apart, 1 hour apart, at about 1 hour apart, at about 1 to about 2 hours apart, at about 2 hours to about 3 hours apart, at about 3 hours to about 4 hours apart, at about 4 hours to about 5 hours apart, at about 5 hours to about 6 hours apart, at about 6 hours to about 7 hours apart, at about 7 hours to about 8 hours apart, at about 8 hours to about 9 hours apart, at about 9 hours to about 10 hours apart, at about 10 hours to about 11 hours apart, at about 11 hours to about 12 hours apart, at about 12 hours to 18 hours apart, 18 hours to 24 hours apart, 24 hours to 36 hours apart, 36 hours to48 hours apart, 48 hours to 52 hours apart, 52 hours to 60 hours apart, 60 hours to 72 hours apart, 72 hours to 84 hours apart, 84 hours to 96 hours apart, or 96 hours to 120 hours apart. In various embodiments, the therapies are administered no more than 24 hours apart or no more than 48 hours apart. In some or any embodiments, two or more therapies are administered within the same patient visit. In other embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second agent are administered concurrently.

[0246] In other embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second agent are administered at about 2 to 3 days apart, 2 to 4 days apart, at about 4 to 6 days apart, at about 1 week part, at about 1 to 2 weeks apart, or more than 2 weeks apart.

[0247] In some or any embodiments, administration of the same agent may be repeated and the administrations may be separated by at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 75 days, 3 months, or 6 months. In other embodiments, administration of the same agent may be repeated and the administration may be separated by at least at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 75 days, 3 months, or 6 months.

[0248] In some or any embodiments, a compound provided herein and a second agent are administered to a patient, in some or any embodiments, a mammal, such as a human, in a sequence and within a time interval such that the compound provided herein can act together with the other agent to provide an increased benefit than if they were administered otherwise. In some or any embodiments, the second active agent can be administered at the same time or sequentially in any order at different points in time; however, if not administered at the same time, they should be administered sufficiently close in time so as to provide the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect. In some or any embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second active agent exert their effect at times which overlap. Each second active agent can be administered separately, in any appropriate form and by any suitable route. In other embodiments, the compound provided herein is administered before, concurrently or after administration of the second active agent.

[0249] In some or any embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second agent are cyclically administered to a patient. Cycling therapy involves the administration of a first agent (e.g., a first prophylactic or therapeutic agent) for a period of time, followed by the administration of a second agent and / or third agent e.g., a second and / or third prophylactic or therapeutic agent) for a period of time and repeating this sequential administration. Cycling therapy can reduce the development of resistance to one or more of the therapies, avoid or reduce the side effects of one of the therapies, and / or improve the efficacy of the treatment.

[0250] In some or any embodiments, the compound provided herein and the second active agent are administered in a cycle of less than about 3 weeks, about once every two weeks, about once every 10 days or about once every week. One cycle can comprise the administration of a compound provided herein and the second agent by infusion over about 90 minutes every cycle, about 1 hour every cycle, about 45 minutes every cycle. Each cycle can comprise at least 1 week of rest, at least 2 weeks of rest, at least 3 weeks of rest. The number of cycles administered is from about 1 to about 12 cycles, more typically from about 2 to about 10 cycles, and more typically from about 2 to about 8 cycles.

[0251] In other embodiments, courses of treatment are administered concurrently to a patient, z.e., individual doses of the second agent are administered separately yet within a time interval such that the compound provided herein can work together with the second active agent. In some or any embodiments, one component can be administered once per week in combination with the other components that can be administered once every two weeks or once every three weeks. In other words, the dosing regimens are carried out concurrently even if the therapeutics are not administered simultaneously or during the same day.

[0252] The second agent can act additively or synergistically with the compound provided herein. In some or any embodiments, the compound provided herein is administered concurrently with one or more second agents in the same pharmaceutical composition. In another embodiment, a compound provided herein is administered concurrently with one or more second agents in separate pharmaceutical compositions. In still another embodiment, a compound provided herein is administered prior to or subsequent to administration of a second agent. Also contemplated are administration of a compound provided herein and a second agent by the same or different routes of administration, e.g., oral and parenteral. In some or any embodiments, when the compound provided herein is administered concurrently with a second agent that potentially produces adverse side effects including, but not limited to, toxicity, the second active agent can advantageously be administered at a dose that falls below the threshold that the adverse side effect is elicited.Kits

[0253] Also provided are kits for use in methods of treatment of disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity. The kits can include a compound or composition provided herein, a second agent or composition, and instructions providing information to a health care provider regarding usage for treating the disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity. Instructions may be provided inprinted form or in the form of an electronic medium such as a floppy disc, CD, or DVD, or in the form of a website address where such instructions may be obtained. A unit dose of a compound or composition provided herein, or a second agent or composition, can include a dosage such that when administered to a mammal, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective plasma level of the compound or composition can be maintained in the mammal for at least 1 day. In some or any embodiments, a compound or composition can be included as a sterile aqueous pharmaceutical composition or dry powder (e.g., lyophilized) composition.

[0254] In some or any embodiments, suitable packaging is provided. As used herein, “packaging” includes a solid matrix or material customarily used in a system and capable of holding within fixed limits a compound provided herein and / or a second agent suitable for administration to a mammal. Such materials include glass and plastic (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate) bottles, vials, paper, plastic, and plastic-foil laminated envelopes and the like. If e-beam sterilization techniques are employed, the packaging should have sufficiently low density to permit sterilization of the contents.Methods of Use

[0255] Provided herein is a method for inhibiting Wnt transcription signaling pathway in a mammal, which comprises contacting administration of an effect amount of a compound of Formula (I) including a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0256] Provided herein is a method for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal, comprising the administration of a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In one or more embodiments, the method is for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity, comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) (or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a pharmaceutical composition according to one or more embodiments to a mammal in need thereof.

[0257] In one or more embodiments, the method is for stimulating regeneration of tissue at a wound in a mammal in need thereof. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises contacting the wound with an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) (or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomersthereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a pharmaceutical composition according to one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human. In a group of embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is a wound.

[0258] In a group of embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is selected from a chronic wound, an acute wound, an alkali-burned corneal wound, a bum, a lesion (including lesions caused by HPV and / or a virus selected from the Poxviridae family of viruses), an inflammatory dermatitis disease (inlcuding acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and scleroderma), a cartilage disease (including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, internal derangement of the joints, and degenerative cartilage disease), a bone disease (including osteoporosis), organ fibrosis (including lung fibrosis, heart fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis), cancer (including melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer), a de-nerved body part in need of reinnervation, tissue in need of regeneration (including damaged elastic cartilage), bacterial growth in need of inhibition, fungal growth in need of inhibition, tissue in need of neovascularization, osteoclast differentiation in need of inhibition, osteoblast differentiation disorders (where inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is needed), and / or bone destruction associated with breast cancer

[0259] In some or any embodiments, provided herein are methods for treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in a mammal in need thereof. In some or any embodiments, the methods encompass the step of administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a compound effective for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity in combination with a second agent effective for the treatment of a condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity. The compound can be any compound as described herein, and the second agent can be any second agent described in the art or herein. In some or any embodiments, the compound is in the form of a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form, as described elsewhere herein.

[0260] In some or any embodiments, provided herein is a method of inhibiting Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity comprising contacting Wnt with a compound of Formula (I) or a compound selected from Compounds 1-44.

[0261] In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure provides for a method of improving the healing of a wound, the method comprising contacting the wound with an effective amount of the compositions of the present disclosure. The wound subject to an injury is contemplated to include, but not be limited to, those that arise from a surgical woundingcaused by a physical impact that disrupts the structure and function of the skin (such as a laceration, abrasion, cut, scratch or puncture by a knife, scalpel, bullet, or other sharp or blunt objects). The present disclosure contemplates use on wounds arising by way of excessive (low or high) temperature such as a bum, ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, or unplanned acute injuries arising from accident or misadventure. The present disclosure contemplates use on chronic wounds arising as a consequence of an underlying condition, such as diabetic ulcerations.

[0262] The composition(s) of the present disclosure described herein can be administered by applying the composition(s) topically on the wound. If the composition is included in a medical device described herein which includes a substrate such as a patch or a pad, the medical device can be secured to the wound such that the composition contacts the wound.

[0263] In the preparation method of compositions used in the methods of the present disclosure, the spacer group can be an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated linear alkylene group having 2-20 backbone carbons. For illustration and not limitation, the reagent for derivatizing HA can be selected from the following:where R101and R102can be independently -CONHNH2, -SH, -NH2, -OH, or other nucleophiles, and n is an integer and can be for example, 1-20, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc. In one or more embodiments, the reagent for derivatizing HA can be a dihydrazide (e.g., -NHNHC(O)- alkylene-CONHNH2), such as adipic acid dihydrazide (e.g., -NHNHCXO CHjkCONHNHj).

[0264] In one or more embodiments, a method for preparing a composition of the present disclosure includes obtaining GO-HA (e.g., by the methods herein), adding or dissolving the GO-HA conjugate in water to obtain a GO-HA water solution, and adding the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) to the GO-HA water solution to form a mixture (GO-HA + compound of Formula (I), or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, GOHA + Compound 1, GO-HA + Compound 7, or GO-HA + Compound 8). In some examples, this is accomplished by adding or dissolving the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) first in a non-ionic hydrophilic polymer, e.g., PEG-400 (or PEG 400, having an average molar mass of about 400), and then the compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, Compound 1, Compound 7, or Compound 8) solution is added into the GO-HA conjugate water solution generating GO-HA + compound of Formula (I) (or any embodiments thereof, including in some embodiments, GO-HA + Compound 1, GO-HA + Compound 7, or GO-HA / Compound 8).

[0265] In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is selected from one or more of the group consisting of an acute wound, chronic wound, tear wound, abrasion wound, laceration wound, puncture wound, avulsion wound, skin cut, surgical wound, thermal wound, burn wound, ulcer, chemical wound, bite wound, stab wound, gunshot wound, other penetrating high velocity projectile wound, sting, electrical wound, chop wound, crush wound, poison wound, radiation wound, scalped wound, penetrating wound, incision wound, blunt force trauma wound, skin tear, internal wound, open wound, closed wound, excoriation, infected wound, weeping wound, non-healing wound, wound associated with dressing changes, amputation, necrotizing fasciitis wound, osteomyelitis wound, and posttrauma wound.

[0266] The present disclosure contemplates use with chronic wounds arising as a consequence of an underlying condition, such as diabetic ulcerations.

[0267] In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is a wound in an acute care setting, including post-surgery. In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is a wound in an acute care setting, including post-surgery and the compound is administered intravenously. In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is a surgical wound. In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is a surgical wound and the compound is administered topically (e.g., a spray). In some or anyembodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is an acute or chronic wound. In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is an acute or chronic wound and the compound is administered subcutaneously. In some or any embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is an acute or chronic wound and the compound is administered orally.

[0268] In a group of embodiments, the wound to be ameliorated, treated, repaired, or healed is a bum. In one or more embodiments, the bum is a thermal burn. In one or more embodiments, the burn is a chemical bum. In one or more embodiments, the bum is an electric bum. In one or more embodiments, the burn is a thermal bum. In one or more embodiments, the wound is a radiation bum. In one or more embodiments, the wound is a first degree burn. In one or more embodiments, the wound is a second degree burn. In one or more embodiments, the wound is a third degree burn.

[0269] In some or any embodiments, the compounds described herein are used for delaying the onset of a wound, or reducing the severity or duration of a wound. In some or any embodiments, the compounds described herein are used for the reduction of the severity or duration of a wound associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are used for delaying or preventing onset of a wound.

[0270] In some or any embodiments, the compounds described herein are used for prevention of a wound or of a condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity.

[0271] In some or any embodiments, the compounds described herein are used for treatment of a wound or of a condition associated with Wnt transcription products or Wnt signaling pathway activity.Assay Methods

[0272] Compounds can be assayed for efficacy in treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity according to any assay known to those of skill in the art. Exemplary assay methods are provided elsewhere herein.Second Therapeutic Agents

[0273] In some or any embodiments, the compounds and compositions provided herein are useful in methods of treatment of a wound and / or a condition associated with Wnt transcription products and / or Wnt signaling pathway activity, that comprise further administration of asecond agent effective for the treatment of a wound and / or a Wnt transcription related disorder and / or a condition associated with Wnt transcription products and / or Wnt signaling pathway activity. The second agent used in the method of treatment can be any agent known to those of skill in the art to be effective for the treatment of a wound and / or a Wnt transcription related disorder and / or a condition associated with Wnt transcription products and / or Wnt signaling pathway activity, including those currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or other similar body of a country foreign to the United States. Second medications (second agents) are previously described herein and can be used in the methods of treatment. In some or any embodiments, the second agent is a PARP inhibitor, silver, or a notich inhibitor.

[0274] In one or more embodiments, the second agent is one or more of: corticosteroid, a cytotoxic drug, an antibiotic, an antiseptic, nicotine, an anti-platelet drug, an NSAID, colchicine, an anti-coagulant, a vasoconstricting drug or an immunosuppressive, a growth factor, an antibody, a protease, a protease inhibitor, an antibacterial peptide, an adhesive peptide, a hemostatic agent, living cells, honey, nitric oxide, an antifibrotic compounds (such as pirfenidone, halofuginone, nintedanib, tocilizumab, rilonacept, etc.), an anti-cancer agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic, a Wnt inhibitor, a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, a TGF-P inhibitor, and / or a LOX inhibitor, etc.

[0275] In some or any embodiments, a compound provided herein is administered in combination with one second agent. In further embodiments, a compound provided herein is administered in combination with two second agents. In still further embodiments, a compound provided herein is administered in combination with two or more second agents.

[0276] As used herein, the term “in combination” includes the use of more than one therapy (e.g. , one or more prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents). The use of the term “in combination” does not restrict the order in which therapies (e.g., prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents) are administered to a mammal with a disorder. A first therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent such as a compound provided herein) can be administered prior to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks before), concomitantly with, or subsequent to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks after) the administration of a second therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) to a mammal with a disorder.

[0277] As used herein, the term “synergistic” includes a combination of a compound provided herein and another therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) which has been or is currently being used to prevent, manage or treat a disorder, which is more effective than the additive effects of the therapies. A synergistic effect of a combination of therapies (e.g., a combination of prophylactic or therapeutic agents) permits the use of lower dosages of one or more of the therapies and / or less frequent administration of said therapies to a mammal with a disorder. The ability to utilize lower dosages of a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) and / or to administer said therapy less frequently reduces the toxicity associated with the administration of said therapy to a mammal without reducing the efficacy of said therapy in the prevention or treatment of a disorder). In addition, a synergistic effect can result in improved efficacy of agents in the prevention or treatment of a disorder. Finally, a synergistic effect of a combination of therapies (e.g., a combination of prophylactic or therapeutic agents) may avoid or reduce adverse or unwanted side effects associated with the use of either therapy alone.

[0278] The active compounds provided herein can be administered in combination or alternation with another therapeutic agent, in particular an agent effective in the treatment of a wound and / or a Wnt transcription related disorder and / or a condition associated with Wnt transcription products and / or Wnt signaling pathway activity. In combination therapy, effective dosages of two or more agents are administered together, whereas in alternation or sequential-step therapy, an effective dosage of each agent is administered serially or sequentially. The dosages given will depend on absorption, inactivation and excretion rates of the drug as well as other factors known to those of skill in the art. It is to be noted that dosage values will also vary with the severity of the wound or Wnt-transcription-related disorder to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular mammal, specific dosage regimens and schedules should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions.EXAMPLES

[0279] The following examples are provided for purpose of illustration of certain aspects of the description herein and should not be deemed to limit the disclosure in any way.

[0280] As used herein, the symbols and conventions used in these processes, schemes and examples, regardless of whether a particular abbreviation is specifically defined, are consistent with those used in the contemporary scientific literature, for example, the Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society or the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Specifically, but without limitation, the following abbreviations may be used in the examples and throughout the specification: g (grams); mg (milligrams); mL (milliliters); pL (microliters); mM (millimolar); pM (micromolar); Hz (Hertz); MHz (megahertz); M (molar); M+l (MS peak, presence of carbon-13 isotope in molecular ion + 1 peak); mmol (millimoles); m / z (mass per charge); h, hr, or hrs (hours); min (minutes); eq (equivalent s)); RT, R.T., or rt (room temperature); Rt or Rt (retention time); Rf or Rf (retention factor); v (V) or vol (volume); E (cis); Z (trans); MS (mass spectrometry); ESI (electrospray ionization); TLC (thin layer chromatography); HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography); LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry); 'H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance); ACN or CH3CN (acetonitrile); AC2O (acetic anhydride); AcOH (acetic acid); BPin (bis(pinacolato)); BBn (boron tribromide); CDCh (deuterated chloroform); CH2CI2 or DCM (di chloromethane); CuBn (copper (II) bromide); CN (cyanide or cyano); CS2CO3 (cesium carbonate); DCM (dichloromethane); DMF (dimethylformamide); DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide); DMSO-t / e (deuterated dimethylsulfoxide); EtOAc (ethyl acetate); FA (formic acid); H2 (hydrogen gas); HC1 (hydrochloride or hydrochloric acid); I2 (iodine); K2CO3 (potassium carbonate); KO Ac (potassium acetate); LDA (lithium diisopropylamide); LAH (lithium aluminum hydride); LHMDS or LiHMDS (lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide); MeOH (methanol); MeOD (methanol-D); MeMgBr (methyl magnesium bromide); N2 (nitrogen); NaH (sodium hydride); NH2OH (hydroxylamine); Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate); NaHCCh (sodium bicarbonate); NaHMDS (sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide); NaOMe (sodium methoxide); NH3 (ammonia); NH4CI (ammonium chloride); NH4HCO3 (ammonium bicarbonate); NMP (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone); OMe (methoxy); Pd / C (palladium on carbon); PE (petroleum ether); Ph (phenyl); -Si( / c / 7-Bu)(Ph)2 and -SitBuPh2 (tert-butyl-diphenylsilyl); SiO2 (silicon dioxide); THF (tetrahydrofuran); TFA (trifluoroacetic acid); tBuONO (t-butyl nitrite); dppf (diphenylphosphino); TMS (trimethylsilyl);; GO-HA (graphene oxide / hyaluronic acid); MWCO (molecular weight cutoff); RPM or rpm (revolutions per minute); N (normality) or N (newton); and CFU (colonyforming unit).Synthetic ExamplesCompound 1Synthesis of (4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 1)Synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0281] Scheme 1A

[0282] A mixture of 4-bromobenzimidamide hydrochloride (1) (22.0 g, 93.41 mmol, 1.0 eq), methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (1.1 g, 102.76 mmol, 1.1 eq), and K2CO3 (38.73 g, 280.23 mmol, 3.0 eq) in MeOH (660 mL) was stirred at 80°C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The solid was triturated with water (500 mL), and then filtered and dried to afford 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (26.4 g, 81.7 mmol). LC-MS: calculated for Ci3HnBrN2OS: 323.2; found: 325.0.Synthesis of 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0283] Scheme IB

[0284] The degassed mixture of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (20 g, 61.88 mmol, 1.0 eq), (BPin)2 (31.43 g, 123.76 mmol, 2.0 eq), Pd(dppf)C12 (2.26 g, 3.09 mmol, 0.05 eq), and KOAc (30.36 g, 309.40 mmol, 5.0 eq) in dioxane (200 mL) was stirred at 100°C for 16 h under Argon. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on a silica gel column (PE:EtOAc = 5:1 to 1:1) to afford 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (21.73 g, 58.72 mmol). LC-MS: calculated for C19H23BN2O3S: 370.1; found: 371.1.

[0285] Scheme 1C

[0286] A solution of 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (10.0 g, 370.27 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 3M HCl / MeOH (100 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford a crude product which was triturated with THF (150 mL) under reflux and filtered to afford (4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 1). LC-MS: calculated for C13H13BN2O3S: 288.1; found: 289.1. 'H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): 8 7.95 (s, 4H), 3.67 (s, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 2H).Compound 2Synthesis of 2-oxo-l-((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl) cyclobutyl) -2, 3-dihydro-lH-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carbonitrile ( Compound 2)Synthesis of (Z) -tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate

[0287] Scheme 2AL-SelectrideTHF, -78°C, 2 h

[0288] A solution of tert-butyl (3-oxocyclobutyl)carbamate (1) (2.5 g, 13.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 80 mL THF was cooled to -78°C and treated with a 1 N solution of L-Selectride (16.2 mL, 16.2 mmol, 1.2 eq) in THF. After stirring for 1 h the reaction was quenched with 5 mL water and warmed to rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography (EA:PE = 0-50%) provided the (Z)-tert-butyl(3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (2) (1.8 g). 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh): 5 (ppm): 4.68 (brs, 1H), 4.05-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.08 (brs, 1H), 1.81-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).Synthesis of (Z)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutyl methane sulfonate

[0289] Scheme 2B

[0290] Methanesulfonyl chloride (1.3 g, 11.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise to a -70°C solution of (Z)-tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (2) (1.8 g, 9.6 mmol, 1.0 eq) and TEA (1.5 g, 14.8 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dichloromethane (60 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at -70°C, the mixture was diluted with 100 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with dichloromethane (3x60 mL) and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to give (Z)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutyl methanesulfonate (3) (2.5 g).XH NMR (400 MHz, CDCh): 5 (ppm): 4.75-4.67 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.82 (m, 1H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 2.93-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).Synthesis of (E) -tert-butyl (3-cyanocyclobutyl)carbamatetrans

[0291] Scheme 2CH 120"C, 15 h H cis trans3 4

[0292] (Z)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutyl methanesulfonate (3) (1.2 g, 4.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (30 mL) was treated with NaCN (665.7 mg, 13.6 mmol, 3.0 eq) and the reaction was heated to 120°C for 15 h, the mixture was diluted with 50 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with EA (2x60 mL) and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to give (E)-tert-butyl (3-cyanocyclobutyl)carbamate (4) (730.0 mg). 'H NMR(400 MHz, CDCh): 5 (ppm): 4.77 (br s, 1H), 4.41-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H).Synthesis of (E) -tert-butyl (3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate

[0293] Scheme 2D

[0294] To a solution of (E)-tert-butyl (3-cyanocyclobutyl)carbamate (4) (730.0 mg, 3.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH (25 mL) was added aqueous hydroxylamine (2.2 g / 2.0 mL, 33.3 mmol,9.0 eq) under N2. The mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred for 15 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to give (E)-tert-butyl(3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate (5) (520.0 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 230.2 [M+H]+.Synthesis of (E) -tert-butyl (3-carbamimidoylcyclobutyl)carbamate

[0295] Scheme 2E

[0296] To a solution of (E)-tert-butyl (3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)cyclobutyl)carbamate (5) (520.0 mg, 2.3 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (100 mL) was added Raney -Ni (200 mg, 2.3 mmol, 1.0 eq) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H2 at 0°C for 8 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, andthe filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (E)-tert-butyl (3-carbamimidoylcyclobutyl)carbamate (6) (480.0 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 214.2 [M+H]+.Synthesis of (E) -tert-butyl ((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl) cyclobutyl) carbamatetrans NHBoc

[0297] Scheme 2F oc80.0 mg, 2.3 mmol, 1.0 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (7) (431.3 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.1 eq) in t-BuOH (30 mL) was added TEA (1.3 g, 12.8 mmol, 5.6 eq) in one portion at 15°C under N2. The mixture was heated to 100°C and stirred for 15 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 100%~95%) to give (E)-tert-butyl ((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutyl)carbamate (8) (630.1 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 338.1 [M+H]+.Synthesis of (E)- 2-((lr,3r)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-4-onetrans NH2

[0299] Scheme 2Gtrans NHBoc trans NH28 9

[0300] To a stirred solution of (8) (630 mg, 1.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (30.0 mL) was added TFA (3.0 mL, 39.5 mmol, 20.8 eq) at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25°C under N2 atmosphere for 5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give (E)-2-((lr,3r)-3-aminocyclobutyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (9) (656.5 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 238.0 [M+H]+. 'H-NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 (ppm): 8.41 (brs, 3H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.43-3.80 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.66-2.53 (m, 4H).Synthesis of (E)-3-nitro-4-(((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile

[0302] To a solution of (9) (443.1 mg, 1.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 4-fluoro-3 -nitrobenzonitrile (10) (248.3 mg, 1.5 mmol, 0.8 eq) in DMF (30 mL) was added CS2CO3 (1.5 g, 4.6 mmol, 2.4 eq) in one portion at 15°C under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15°C under N2 atmosphere for 15 h, the mixture was diluted with 50 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with EA (2x60 mL) and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to give(E)-3-nitro-4-(((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)cyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile (11) (500.9 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 384.0 [M+H]+.Synthesis of (E)-3-amino-4-(((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile

[0303] Scheme 2J11 12

[0304] To a solution of (11) (200.0 mg, 0.52 mmol, 1.0 eq) and TEA (1.0 mL, 7.2 mmol, 13.8 eq) in MeOH (200 mL) was added Pd / C (200 mg) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H2 at 15°C for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto give (E)-3-amino-4-(((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin- 2-yl)cyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile (12) (180.0 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 354.2 [M+H]+.

[0305] Scheme 2K

[0306] (E)-3-amino-4-(((lr,3r)-3-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile (12) (180.0 mg, 0.51 mmol, 1.0 eq) and TEA (3 mL, 21.7 mmol, 42.6 eq) in DCM (30 mL) was treated with CDI (918.3 mg, 5.7 mmol, 11.2 eq) and the reaction was heated to 50°C for 15 h, the mixture was diluted with 50 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with EA (2x60 mL) and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the organic layers were concentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to give (E)- 2-oxo-l-((lr,3r)-3- (4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclobutyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- benzo[d]imidazole-5-carbonitrile (Compound 2) (102.0 mg). LCMS (ESI): m / z 380.0 [M+H]+. 'H-NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 (ppm): 11.40 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.02-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.31-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.63 (m, 2H).

[0307] Scheme 2LCompound 2 Compound 2-P1 Compound 2-P2

[0308] (Compound 2) (150 mg) was purified by Chiral-HPLC to give (Compound 2-P1) and (Compound 2-P2). LCMS (ESI): m / z 380.0 [M+H]+. 'H-NMR (Compound 2-P1, 400MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 (ppm): 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.04 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.50 (m,1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.17-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.63 (m, 2H). 'H-NMR (Compound 2-P2, 400MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 (ppm): 12.49 (s, 1H), 11.39 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.02-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.31-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.63 (m, 2H).Compound 3Synthesis of 2-( I -hydr oxy-1, 3-dihydrobenzo [ c] [1,2 ]oxaborol-5-yl)~ 7, 8-dihydro-3H- thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (Compound 3)Synthesis of methyl 2-bromo-5-cyanobenzoate

[0309] Scheme 3A

[0310] A mixture of CuBn (3.04 g, 13.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) in CAN (50 mL) was added to tBuONO (1.64 g, 15.9 mmol, 1.4 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 5 min. Methyl 2-amino-5-cyanobenzoate (1) (2.0 g, 11.4 mmol, 1 eq) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature and made acidic (pH = 2) by the addition of 1 M HC1. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 80 mL) and the combined organic extract was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to give methyl 2-bromo-5-cyanobenzoate (2) (2.7 g, crude).Synthesis of methyl 2-bromo-5-carbamimidoylbenzoate

[0311] Scheme 3B

[0312] A mixture of methyl 2-bromo-5-cyanobenzoate (2) (2.50 g, 10.4 mmol, 1.0 eq), ammonium chloride (0.38 g, 5.4 mmol, 2.5 eq), and sodium methoxide (0.22 g, 5.4 mmol, 2.5 eq) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred at 40°C for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford methyl 2-bromo-5-carbamimidoylbenzoate (3) (crude). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for C9H9BrN2O2+H+: 257.1; found: 256.9.Synthesis of methyl 2-bromo-5-(4-oxo-4,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl) benzoate

[0313] Scheme 3C

[0314] A mixture of methyl 2-bromo-5-carbamimidoylbenzoate (3) (2.5 g, 9.7 mmol, 1.0 eq), methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (1.7 g, 9.7 mmol, 1.0 eq), and K2CO3 (4.0 g, 29.2 mmol, 3.0 eq) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred at 70°C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled and filtered. The filtrate was added into water (300 mL). The solid was filtered and dried to afford methyl 2-bromo-5-(4-oxo-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin- 2-yl) benzoate (4) (1.5 g, 3.9 mmol). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for Ci5Hi3BrN2O3S+H+: 382.2; found: 383.0.Synthesis of methyl 5-(4-oxo-4,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2- ( 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzoate

[0316] The mixture of methyl 2-bromo-5-(4-oxo-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl) benzoate (4) (0.60 g, 1.57 mmol, 1.0 eq), (BPin)2 (0.80 g, 3.15 mmol, 2.0 eq), Pd(dppf)C12 (115 mg, 0.16 mmol, 0.1 eq), and KOAc (462 mg, 4.72 mmol, 3.0 eq) in dioxane (15 mL) was stirred at 110°C for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), washed with water (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude product was purified on a silica gel column (PE:EtOAc = 5: 1 to 1 : 1) to afford methyl 5-(4-oxo-4,5,7,8- tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)benzoate (5) (340 mg, 0.79 mmol). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for C2iH25BN20sS+H+: 429.3; found: 429.1.

[0317] Scheme 3E

[0318] To a solution of methyl 5-(4-oxo-4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (5) (0.34 g, 0.79 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (15 mL) was added LAH (60 mg, 1.60 mmol, 2.0 eq). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. The mixture was added to H2O, filtered, and concentrated under vacuumto afford a crude product which was purified by flash chromatography (JhChCH CN = 90: 10 to 50:50) to provide 2-(l-hydroxy-l,3-dihydrobenzo[c][l,2]oxaborol-5-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 3). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for C14H13BN2O3S +H+: 301.1; found: 301.0.XH NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): 8 8.09 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 4H).Compound 4 and Compound 43Synthesis of 3-(4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)~1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one (Compound 4)Synthesis of 4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile(Compound 43)Synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0319] Scheme 4A

[0320] To a solution of methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (1) (5.00g, 28.7 mmol, 1.00 eq) and 4-bromobenzamidine hydrochloride (6.76g, 28.7 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (7.93g, 57.4 mmol, 2 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16h. LC-MS showed that (1) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was suspended in water (100 mL), then stirred at 20°C for 4h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (6.60 g, crude) which was used directly in the next step without further purification.XHNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t / 6): d 8.08 - 8.02 (m, 2H), 7.72 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 2.87 (qd, J= 4.4, 8.4 Hz, 4H). LC-MS: 324.3 + bromo isomers (M+l).Synthesis of 4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (Compound 43)

[0321] Scheme 4B

[0322] To a solution of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (4.50g, 13.9 mmol, 1 eq) in NMP (45 mL) were added, portion-wise, Zn(CN)2 (981mg, 8.35 mmol, 530 pL, 0.6 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (L61g, 1.39 mmol, 0.1 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 2h. LC-MS showed that (2) was consumed completely. The resulting mixture was cooled to 20°C and diluted with saturated Na2CO3 (120 mL) at 20°C. Then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over ISfeSCU, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 100 / 1 to 0 / 1). 4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (Compound 43) (1.80 g, 6.68 mmol) was obtained. 'H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO- e): b 13.07 - 12.77 (m, 1H), 8.25 (br d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.91 (s, 4H). LC-MS: 270.1 (M+l).Synthesis of (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl) benzimidamide

[0324] To a solution of 4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)benzonitrile (Compound 43) (500mg, 1.86 mmol, 1 eq) in pyridine (5 mL) was added NH2OH.HCI (258mg, 3.71 mmol, 2 eq) and K2CO3 (641mg, 4.64 mmol, 2.50 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 13h. LC-MS showed that (Compound 43) was consumed. After cooling to 20°C, the reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was suspended in water (5.00 mL) and was stirred at 20°C for 4 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzimidamide (4) (333mg, crude), which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 302.9 (M+l).

[0325] Scheme 4D

[0326] To a solution of (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzimidamide (4) (333mg, 1.10 mmol, 1 eq) in pyridine (3.30 mL) was added CDI (268mg, 1.65 mmol, 1.50 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 110°C for 3h. LC-MS showed that (4) was consumed completely. After cooling to 20°C, the mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was stirred in DCM (2 mL) at RT for 6h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3-(4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one (Compound 4).XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t / 6): b 13.26 - 12.46 (m, 1H), 8.23 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.91 (s, 4H). LC-MS: 329.1 (M+l).Compound 5Synthesis of (E)-(5-(2-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)vinyl)~ 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 5)Synthesis of 3-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-( trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

[0327] Scheme 5 A

[0328] To a solution of 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1) (0.50 g, 1.98 mmol, 1.00 eq) and Pi fh (753 mg, 2.96 mmol, 1.50 eq) in DMSO (10.0 mL) was added KOAc (1.36 g, 13.8 mmol, 7.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (161 mg, 198 pmol, 0.10 eq) at 25°C under N2. The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with N2 several times. The mixture was then warmed to 80°C and stirred at 80°C for 2 h. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC; petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 20 / 1) showed that 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1) wasconsumed completely. The mixture was cooled to 25°C and then diluted with EtOAc (5.00 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was washed with water (5.00 mL x 2) and brine (5.00 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by Prep-TLC (SiCh, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate = 10 / 1). 3-(4, 4, 5,5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (2) (0.20 g, crude) was obtained and used in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of 2-methyl-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0329] Scheme 5BNH2HCI^

[0330] To a solution of acetamidine:hydrochloride (4) (814 mg, 8.61 mmol, 1.50 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.98 g, 14.4 mmol, 2.50 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro- 2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (3) (1.00 g, 5.74 mmol, 1.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 12 h. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 8 / 1) indicated methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H- thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (3) was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-methyl-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.00 g, crude) was obtained and used in the next step without further purification. The obtained compound was checked byNMR.Synthesis of (E)-2-(3-(4, 4, 5,5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)styryl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0331] Scheme 5C

[0332] To a solution of 2-methyl-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (0.20 g, 666 pmol, 1.21 eq) in AC2O (1.00 mL) was added 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (2) (0.10 g, 549 pmol, 1.00 eq), ZnCh (150 mg, 1.10 mmol, 51.4 uL, 2.00 eq), and AcOH (65.9 mg, 1.10 mmol, 62.8 uL, 2.00 eq) at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 120°C for 4 h. LC-MS (ET48116-9-P1A) showed 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde (2) was consumed completely and one main peak with the desired m / z was detected. The mixture was cooled to 25°C and then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of the AC2O. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (5.00 mL) and then washed with saturated NaHCOs(2.00 mL x 2). The organic layer was separated and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 1 / 1). (E)-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)styryl)- 3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (6) (0.25 g, crude) was obtained.

[0333] Scheme 5D

[0334] The mixture of (E)-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)styryl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (6) (0.25 g, 538.44 pmol, 1 eq) in HCI / H2O (4 M, 2.50 mL) was stirred at 80°C for 2 h. LC-MS showed starting material (6) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 80 * 40 mm * 3 pm; mobile phase: [water (HC1) - ACN]; B%: 18%-48%, 7 min). (E)-(5-(2- (4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)vinyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 5) was obtained. LC-MS: 383.0 (M+l).'H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): 6 = 7.89 (br d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 - 7.66 (m, 3H), 7.04 (br d, J=16.3 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (br s, 2H), 2.93 - 2.81 (m, 4H).Compound 6Synthesis of (E)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)styryl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 6)Synthesis of 2-methyl-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0335] Scheme 6A

[0336] To a solution of acetamidine / hydrochloride (814 mg, 8.61 mmol, 1.50 eq) in MeOH (10.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.98 g, 14.4 mmol, 2.50 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H- thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (1) (1.00 g, 5.74 mmol, 1.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 12 h. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 8 / 1) indicated starting material (1) was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-methyl-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (1.00 g, crude) was obtained and used in the next step without further purification.

[0337] Scheme 6B

[0338] To a solution of 2-methyl-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one(2) (0.25 g, 1.37 mmol, 1.00 eq) in AC2O (2.50 mL) was added 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (244 mg, 1.40 mmol, 187 pL, 1.02 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 110°C for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to 20°C and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The mixture was diluted with H2O (2.00 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2.00 mL x 3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Part of the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge BEH Cl 8 100 * 30 mm * 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (lOmM NH4HCO3)- ACN]; B%: 40%-65%, 10 min). (E)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)styryl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 6) was obtained. LCMS: 339.1 (M+l). 'H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 12.62 - 12.51 (m, 1H), 7.91 - 7.73 (m, 5H), 7.04 - 6.92 (m, 1H), 3.52 - 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.89 - 2.79 (m, 4H).Compound 7Synthesis of 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl) phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d] pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 7)

[0340] A mixture of (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (1) (50.0 g, 340.0 mmol, 1.0 eq), 2-bromo-5-iodopyridine (96.6 g, 340.2 mmol, 1.0 eq), and K2CO3 (141.0 g,1.02 mol, 3.0 eq) in dioxane (3.2 L) and H2O (800 mL) was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified through a silica gel column (PE:EtOAc = 10: 1 to 1 : 1) to afford 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (2) (63.0 g). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculatedfor Ci2H?BrN2+H+: 261.0; found: 261.1 (isotope of81Br). This reaction is presented as Scheme 7A.Synthesis of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-N-hydroxybenzimidamide

[0341] Scheme 7B2 3

[0342] A mixture of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (2) (60 g, 231.6 mmol, 1.0 eq), NH2OH HC1 (40.2 g, 579 mmol, 2.5 eq), and NaOH (23.16 g, 579 mmol, 2.5 eq) in EtOH (500 mL) was stirred at 80°C for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOH (100 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to afford 4-(6-brom opyri din-3 -yl)-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (3) (40 g, crude). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for Ci2HioBrN30+H+: 294.0; found: 294.1 (isotope of81Br). This reaction is presented as Scheme 7B.Synthesis of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl) benzimidamide

[0343] Scheme 7C3 4

[0344] A mixture of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (3) (40.0 g,136.8 mmol, 1.0 eq), NH4C1 (146.48 g, 3.460 mol, 20 eq), and Fe (230.04 g, 2.74 mol, 20 eq)in EtOH (600 mL) was stirred at 80°C for 48 h. The mixture was cooled and filtered. The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 4-(6-brom opyri din-3 -yl) benzimidamide (4) (30. 0 g, crude). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for CnHioBrNs+HT 276.0; found: 276.1 (isotope of79Br). This reaction is presented as Scheme 7C.

[0345] Scheme 7D4 Compound 7

[0346] A mixture of 4-(6-brom opyri din-3 -yl) benzimidamide (4) (30.0 g, 108.6 mmol, 1.0 eq), methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (37.8 g, 217.2 mmol, 2 eq), and K2CO3 (45.0 g, 325.8 mmol, 3.0 eq) in MeOH (500 mL) was stirred at 70°C for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with H2O (200 mL) and filtered. The solid was triturated in MeOH (150 mL), EtOAc (150 mL), and acetone (100 mL), respectively, to remove most of the impurities. The mixture was filtered off. The crude solid was triturated in aqueous NaOH (1% wt, 20 mL) and filtered. The solid was washed with water (50 mL) and acetone (100 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford 2-(4-(6- brom opyri din-3 -yl) phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 7). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for CisHi4BrN3OS+H+: 402.0; found: 401.9 (isotope of81Br). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 12.82 (brs, 1H), 8.81 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.91 (brs, 4H). This reaction is presented as Scheme 7D.Compound 8Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 8)Synthesis of methyl 4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- y!) benzoate

[0347] Scheme 8A

[0348] To the solution of methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (1) (2 g, 11.48 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added methyl 4-carbamimidoylbenzoate hydrochloride (la) (3.20 g, 14.91 mmol, 1.30 eq) and K2CO3 (4.00 g, 28.94 mmol, 2.52 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 12 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in H2O (40 mL) and stirred at 25°C for 12 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo to give methyl 4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)benzoate (2) (1.5 g, crude). The crude product was used in the next step directly without further purification. This reaction is presented as Scheme 8A.Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0350] To a solution of methyl 4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (2) (0.3 g, 992.24 pmol, 1 eq) in THF (3 mL), MeMgBr (3 M, 992.24 pL, 3 eq) was added dropwise at 0°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of NH4CI (5 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted with 10 mL of DCM (5 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-(4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3, 5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (2 g, crude) was obtained, which was used in the next step directly without further purification.TH NMR: ET47629-1-P1A (400 MHz, CDCL): d 12.54 - 12.27 (m, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br s, 2H), 3.03 - 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.91 - 2.82 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 6H). This reaction is presented as Scheme 8B.

[0351] Scheme 8C

[0352] To a solution of 2-(4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (0.12 g, 396.84 pmol, 1 eq) in ethylene glycol (5 mL) was added TosOH (82.00 mg, 476.21 pmol, 1.2 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 1 h, then warmed to 80°C and stirred at 80°C for 12 h. The mixture was purified directly by prep-HPLC (neutral condition, column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 100 * 30 mm * 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 10%-50%, 10 min). 2-(4-(2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 8) was obtained. LC-MS: 347.2 (M +1). 'H NMR: ET47430-4-P1A1 (400 MHz, CDCL): d 8.14 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.80 - 3.69 (m, 4H), 3.34 (t, J =4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.14 - 3.06 (m, 2H), 3.01 - 2.93 (m, 2H), 1.62 (s, 6H). This reaction is presented as Scheme 8C.Compound 9Synthesis of 2-(4'-bromo-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 9)

[0354] To a mixture of 4'-bromo-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (1) (4 g, 15.5 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (40 mL) was added NaHMDS (1 M, 18.60 mL, 1.2 eq) dropwise at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h, and a liquid was obtained. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of water (30 mL) at 25°C. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 2~3 by addition of 1 M HC1. The aqueous layer was separated and evaporated to about 15% of its original volume, resulting in crystallization of the desired HCl-salts. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo. 4'-bromo-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (2) (4.53 g, 14.5 mmol, HC1) was obtained. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): b 9.44 (s, 2H), 9.19 (s, 2H), 7.94 (s, 4H), 7.81 - 7.65 (m, 4H).

[0355] Scheme 9B2Compound 9

[0356] To a solution of 4'-bromo-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (2) (0.066 g, 378.8 pmol, 1.1 eq) in MeOH (1.8 mL) was added methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3- carboxylate (3) (107.3 mg, 344.4 pmol, 1 eq, HC1) and K2CO3 (95.2 mg, 688.8 pmol, 2 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo to give a residue. The crude product was purified by precipitation from DMSO (3 mL). 2-(4'-bromo-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 9) was obtained. LC-MS: 399.19 (M+l). 'H N R: ET48394- 6-P1A (400 MHz, DMSO-de): d 12.86 - 12.62 (m, 1H), 8.21 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.86 - 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.75 - 7.68 (m, 4H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.91 (s, 4H).Compound 10Synthesis of (4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[ 1 , 1’- biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 10)Synthesis of 2-(4'-( 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-yl)-3, 5, 7, 8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0357] Scheme 10A

[0358] To a mixture of 2-(4'-bromo-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 9) (0.31 g, 776.4 pmol, 1 eq) and fhPi (394.3 mg, 1.55 mmol, 2 eq) in dioxane (6 mL) was added KOAc (152.4 mg, 1.55 mmol, 2 eq) andPd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (63.4 mg, 77.6 pmol, 0.1 eq) in portions at 25°C under N2. The mixture was degassed under vacuum and purged three times with N2. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C and stirred for 16 h. A suspension liquid was obtained. The crude product was triturated with H2O (10 mL) at 25°C for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM (5 mL) and MeOH (5 mL). The filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (0.18 g) which was used in the next step without further purification.

[0359] Scheme 10B

[0360] To a round-bottom flask was added 2-(4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (0.18 g, 403.2 pmol, 1 eq) and HC1 (4 M, 4 mL, 39.7 eq) at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 4 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM (5 mL) and MeOH (5 mL). The filter cake was dried in vacuo. (4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 10) was obtained. LC-MS: 365.1 (M+l). 'H NMR: ET48394-20 (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d 8.20 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (dd, J = 8.3, 19.4 Hz, 4H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 4H).Compound 11Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 11)Synthesis of 4-(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)benzonitrile

[0361] Scheme 11A25-100 C, 16 hrs1 3

[0362] To a mixture of (2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)boronic acid (2) (9.57 g, 60.43 mmol, 1.10 eq) and 4-bromobenzonitrile (1) (10.0 g, 54.9 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (200 mL) and H2O (20.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (15.2 g, 110 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (4.49 g, 5.49 mmol, 0.10 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was degassed with N2 and then stirred at 100°C for 16 h. A liquid was obtained. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc 600 mL (200 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (ISCO®; 200 g SepaFlash® Silica Flash Column, eluent of 0 ~ 20% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether gradient @ 100 mL / min, Rf = 0.25). 4-(2-chloropyrimidin-5- yl)benzonitrile (3) (1.1 g) was obtained and used as a crude in the next step.Synthesis of 4-( 2-( 2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl) benzonitrile

[0363] Scheme 1 IB

[0364] To a mixture of 4-(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)benzonitrile (3) (0.70 g, 3.25 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (4.00 mL) and ethylene glycol (4.00 mL) was added K2CO3 (897 mg, 6.49 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 16 h. A suspension liquid was obtained. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc 30 mL (10 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (ISCO®; 40 g SepaFlash® Silica Flash Column, eluent of 0 ~ 50% ethyl acetate / petroleum ether gradient @ 40 mL / min, Rf = 0.27). 4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzonitrile (4) (540 mg, 2.24 mmol) was obtained and used crude in the next step.Synthesis of (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzimidamide

[0366] To a mixture of 4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzonitrile (4) (0.54 g, 2.24 mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (5.00 mL) was added NH2OH.HCI (171 mg, 2.46 mmol, 1.10 eq) and NaHCCh (207 mg, 2.46 mmol, 95.8 pL, 1.10 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. Themixture was stirred at 65 °C for 16 h. A liquid was obtained. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzimidamide (5) (500 mg, crude) and used in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of 4-( 2-( 2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl) benzimidamide5 6

[0368] To a mixture of (Z)-N'-hydroxy-4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5- yl)benzimidamide (5) (0.50 g, 1.82 mmol, 1.00 eq) in AcOH (2.62 g, 43.7 mmol, 2.50 mL) was added AC2O (744 mg, 7.29 mmol, 683 pL, 4.00 eq) in one portion at 25 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 30 min. MeOH (20 mL) and Pd / C (0.2 g, 218.76 pmol) were then added. The resulting mixture was degassed three times with H2 and stirred under H2 (15 psi) at 25 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzimidamide (6) (500 mg, crude) and used in the next step without further purification.

[0369] Scheme HE

[0370] To a mixture of 4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzimidamide (6) (500 mg, 1.94 mmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (7) (438 mg, 2.52 mmol, 1.30 eq) in MeOH (4.00 mL) was added K2CO3 (535 mg, 3.87 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purifiedby prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBD Cl 8 150 * 40 mm * 10 um; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3) - ACN]; B%: 10% - 40%, 8 min). 2-(4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)pyrimidin-5- yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 11) was obtained.XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 = 13.15 - 12.49 (m, 1H), 9.03 (s, 2H), 8.21 (br d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.93 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.42 - 4.36 (m, 2H), 3.76 (q, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.95 - 2.86 (m, 4H). LCMS: 383 (M+l).Compound 12Synthesis of 2-(4'-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)-[ 1 , 1 '-biphenyl] -4-yl)-3 ,5, 7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 12)Synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0371] Scheme 12A1 2

[0372] To a mixture of methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (1) (8.00 g, 45.9 mmol, 1.00 eq) and 4-bromobenzimidamide (3) (11.9 g, 50.5 mmol, 1.10 eq, HC1) in EtOH (100 mL) was added K2CO3 (12.7 g, 91.8 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (15.6 g, crude) that was used in the next step without further purification. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 8.19 - 8.13 (m, 2H), 7.53 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.81 - 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.74 - 2.67 (m, 2H).Synthesis of 2-(4'-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0373] Scheme 12B2 5

[0374] To a mixture of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (4.00 g, 12.4 mmol, 1.00 eq and (4-(2-hydroxypropan-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (4) (2.67 g, 14.9 mmol, 1.20 eq) in dioxane (40.0 mL) and H2O (5.00 mL) was added K2CO3 (3.42 g, 24.8 mmol, 2.00 eq and Pd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (1.01 g, 1.24 mmol, 0.10 eq in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was degassed under vacuum, purged three times with N2, and then heated to 100°C and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20.0 mL) and then filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (10 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) to give 2-(4'-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (2.10 g, 5.55 mmol, crude) and used in the next step without further purification.TH NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 6 = 13.13 - 12.31 (m, 1H), 8.51 - 7.75 (m, 4H), 7.75 - 7.15 (m, 4H), 5.07 (br d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (br s, 2H), 2.90 (br s, 4H), 1.78 - 0.88 (m, 6H).

[0375] Scheme 12Compoun

[0376] To a mixture of 2-(4'-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.50 g, 3.96 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DMF (10.0 mL) was added TosOH (819 mg, 4.76 mmol, 1.20 eq) and ethylene glycol (5.55 g, 89.4 mmol, 5.00 mL, 22.6 eq) in one portion at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 85°C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and filtered. The filter cake was dissolved in DMSO and then purified directly by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna 80 * 30 mm * 3 um; mobile phase: [water (HC1) - MEOH]; B%: 40% - 65%, 8 min) to give 2-(4'-(2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 12). LCMS: 423.2 (M+l). 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d): 8 11.47 - 10.94 (m, 1H), 8.14 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.67 - 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.80 - 3.69 (m, 4H), 3.41 - 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.10 - 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.99 - 2.91 (m, 2H), 1.66 - 1.62 (m, 6H).Compound 13Synthesis of 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimi- din-4-one-8,8-d2 (Compound 13)

[0378] A mixture of methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (1) (0.9 g, 5.16 mmol, 1.0 eq) and NaH (2.1 mg, 0.051 mmol, 0.01 eq) in MeOD (13.5 mL) was stirred at 65°C for 2 h. Methyl-d3 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate-3,5,5-d3 (2) was obtained as a crude product in MeOD solution. 'H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): 6 3.23-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 2.76 (s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 2H).

[0379] Scheme 13B

[0380] A mixture of (2) (0.90 g, 5.07 mmol, 1.11 eq), and4-(trifluoromethyl)benzimidamide (0.861 g, 4.56 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOD (12 mL) was stirred at 65°C for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to a half volume, then added to H2O (50 mL).The precipitate was filtered and washed with H2O (30 mL) and MeOH / LLO (20 mL, 1 : 1, v / v), and dried in vacuo to afford 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimi-din-4-one-8,8-d2 (Compound 13). LC-MS (ESI) m / z calculated for CI4H9D2F3N2OS+H+: 315.1; found: 315.1. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 6 8.29 (d, J= 8 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J= 8 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.89 (s, 2H).19F NMR (375 MHz, DMSO-d6): 6 61.33 (s, 3F).Compound 14Synthesis of (2,6-difluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 14)Synthesis of 3,5-difluorobenzimidamide

[0381] Scheme 14A

[0382] To a solution of 3,5-difluorobenzonitrile (1) (5.0 g, 36.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (50 mL) was added MeONa (3.9 g, 71.9 mmol, 2.0 eq); the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 4 h. To the mixture was added NH4CI (3.9 g, 71.9 mmol, 2.0 eq), and then the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 16 h. It was cooled to RT, filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated to give 3,5-difluorobenzimidamide (2) (7 g, crude). LC-MS 157.4 [M+H]+.Synthesis of 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0383] Scheme 14B

[0384] To a mixture of 3,5-difluorobenzimidamide (2) (7 g, 44.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (3) (6.2 g, 35.9 mmol, 0.8 eq) in MeOH (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (12.4 g, 89.7 mmol, 2.0 eq) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 75 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4), which was used directly for the next step. LC-MS 281.1 [M+H]+.Synthesis of 2-(3, 5-difluorophenyl)-4-( 2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-7 , 8-dihydro-5H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d] pyrimidine

[0385] Scheme 14C

[0386] To a mixture of 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4El-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (crude, 1.0 eq) in DMA (50 mL) was added l-(chloromethoxy)-2- methoxyethane (11.2 g, 89.7 mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h and then poured into H2O (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (300 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-30% EtOAc / hexane to afford 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-4-((2-methoxy ethoxy )methoxy)-7, 8-dihydro-5H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine (5) (6 g). LC-MS: 369.2 [M+H]+.Synthesis of (2, 6-difluoro-4-( 4-(( 2 -methoxy ethoxy )methoxy) - 7, 8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[ 4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl) boronic acid

[0387] Scheme 14D

[0388] To a mixture of 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-4-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-7,8- dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine (5) (400 mg, 1.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dry THF (10 mL) cooled at -78°C was added LDA (2 M, 1.1 mL, 1.5 eq) dropwise; the mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 h. Trimethyl borate was added (191 mg, 1.9 mmol, 1.3 eq) and then the mixturewas stirred at -78°C for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with NH4CI solution (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2x20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase chromatography (0-50% acetonitrile / 0.05% formic acid) to afford (2,6-difluoro-4-(4-((2- methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (6) (200 mg). LC-MS: 413.4 [M+H]+.

[0389] Scheme 14E6 Compound 14

[0390] A mixture of (2,6-difluoro-4-(4-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-7,8-dihydro-5H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (6) (200 mg, 0.48 mmol, 1.0 eq) in FA (3 mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h. It was then concentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to afford (2,6-difluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 14). LC-MS 325.1 [M+H]+.XH NMR (400MHz, DMSO-t / e): 5 12.85 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.90 (s, 4H).Compound 15Synthesis of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 15)Synthesis of methyl 4-cyano-2, 6-difluorobenzoate

[0391] Scheme 15A

[0392] To a solution of 4-cyano-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (1) (5.00 g, 27.31 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF, (50 mL) / MeOH (50 mL) TMSCHN2 (2 M, 20.48 mL, 1.5 eq) was added dropwise at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 13 h. TLC indicated (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 5 / 1, Rf(Cpd.1) = 0.33) (1) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Methyl 4-cyano-2,6-difluorobenzoate (2) (4.1 g, crude) was obtained.Synthesis of methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2, 6-dijluorobenzoate

[0393] Scheme 15B2 3

[0394] To a solution of methyl 4-cyano-2,6-difluorobenzoate (2) (2.00 g, 10.15 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (20 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 15.22 mL, 1.5 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 h. LC-MS (ET68120-10-P1A1) showed that (2) was consumed completely, and the desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl / di oxane (4 mol / L, 8 mL) at 0°C, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was triturated with MeOH (40 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 1 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure. Methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2,6-difluorobenzoate (3) (2.6 g, crude, HC1) was used directly in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of methyl 2,6-difluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate

[0396] To a solution of methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2,6-difluorobenzoate (3) (470 mg,1.88 mmol, 1.0 eq, HC1) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (3a)(327 mg, 1.88 mmol, 1.0 eq) inMeOH (4.7 mL) was added K2CO3 (778 mg, 5.63 mmol, 3.0 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 h. LC-MS showed that (3) was consumed completely, and one peak with the desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBD Cl 8 150 x40 mm x 10 um; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3) - ACN]; B%: 10% - 40%, 8 mins). Methyl2,6-difluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (4) (180 mg) was obtained.Synthesis of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0397] Scheme 15D

[0398] To a solution of methyl 2,6-difluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4El- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (4) (300 mg, 887 pmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (5.0 mL) was added MeMgBr (3 M, 1.03 mL, 3.5 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 1 h. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate =1 / 1, Rf (Cpd.4) = 0.60) indicated that (4) was consumed completely, and two new spots formed. LC-MS (ET65158-9-P1A1) showed that (4) was consumed completely and one main peak with the desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of NH4CI (15 ml) at 0°C, and then extracted with 45 mL of EtOAc (15 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by Prep-TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 1 / 1). 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)- 3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (150 mg, crude) was obtained and used immediately in the next step. LC-MS (ET65158-9-P1A1, product: Rt = 0.575 mins).

[0399] Scheme 15E5Compound 15

[0400] To a solution of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3, 5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (20.0 mg, 59.11 pmol, 1.0 eq) in ethylene glycol (1.59 g, 25.62 mmol, 1.43 mL, 433.41 eq) was added TosOH (12.7 mg, 73.88 pmol, 1.25 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 12 h. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 0 / 1, Rf(Cpd.5) = 0.53) indicated that (5) was consumed completely, and two new spots formed. After cooling to 25°C, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 0 / 1) to provide 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 15) was obtained. LC-MS: 383.1 (M+l).XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t / e): 3 = 7.78 - 7.70 (m, 2H), 4.49 - 4.45 (m, 1H) 3.47 - 3.43 (m, 4H), 3.21 - 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 4H), 1.637 (s, 6H).Compound 16Synthesis of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 16)

[0402] Synthesis of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) is shown in Schemes 15A-15D.

[0403] To a solution of 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (50.0 mg, 147 pmol, 1.0 eq) in 2-methoxyethanol (0.5 mL) was added TosOH (31.6 mg, 183 pmol, 1.24 eq) at 25°C and then heated to 85°C and stirred for 13 h. LC-MS showed -17% of (5) remained. Several new peaks were shown on LC-MS, and the desired compound was detected. After cooling to 25 °C, the reaction mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 100 x 30mm x lOum; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3) - can]; B%: 25%-55%, 8 mins) to provide 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-(2-(2 -methoxy ethoxy )propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3, 5,7, 8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 16). LC-MS: 397.1 (M+l). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t / e): 3 = 7.81-7.75 (m, 2H), 3.549 (s, 2H) 3.53-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.906 (m, 4H), 1.653 (s, 6H).Compound 17Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 17)Synthesis of l-bromo-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene

[0404] Scheme 17 A1 2

[0405] To solution of 2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-ol (1) (2.6 g, 12.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 2- methoxyethan-l-ol (20 mL) was added TsOH H2O (2.3 g, 12.2 mmol, 1 eq). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 days, then quenched with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 60 mL). The organic layers were concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-30% EtOAc / hexane to afford l-bromo-4-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene (2) (2.7 g). 'H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-t / e): 5 7.54-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.22 (m, 5H), 1.44 (s, 6H).Synthesis of 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzonitrile

[0406]

[0407] To a solution of l-bromo-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene (2) (1.5 g, 3.7 mmol, 1 eq) inNMP (10 mL) was added Zn(CN)2 (260 mg, 2.2 mmol, 0.6 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (430 mg, 0.37 mmol, 0.1 eq). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 140°C under Ar. The resulting mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with water (50 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3x60 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-40% EtOAc / hexane to give 4-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzonitrile (3) (600 mg). 'H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-t / e): 5 7.81 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J= 5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.28-3.25 (m, 5H), 1.47 (s, 6H).Synthesis of 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzimidamide3 4

[0409] To a solution of 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzonitrile (3) (0.6 g, 2.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (295 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2.0 eq); the mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. NH4CI (287 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added and then the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to RT, filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated to give 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzimidamide (4) (285 mg, crude). LC-MS: 237.2 [M+H]+.

[0410] Scheme 17D4 Compound 17

[0411] To a solution of 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzimidamide (4) (150 mg, 0.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (180 mg, 1.3 mmol, 2.0 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (80 mg, 0.5 mmol, 0.7 eq) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 2 h. It was then concentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to give 2-(4-(2-(2 -methoxy ethoxy)propan-2-yl)phenyl)-3, 5,7, 8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 17). LC-MS: 361.1 [M+H]+. 'H NMR (400MHz, DMSO ):5 12.70 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.25 (d, J= 5.0 Hz, 5H), 2.88 (dd, J= 7.6, 4.0 Hz, 4H), 1.48 (s, 6H).Compound 18Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (Compound 18)Synthesis of l-bromo-4-(2-(2-nitroethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene

[0412] Scheme 18A

[0413] To a solution of 2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-ol (1) (2.6 g, 12.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (20 mL) was added TFA (2.3 g, 12.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 2-nitroethan-l-ol (2) (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 days. The reaction was quenched with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 60 mL). The organic layers were concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-30% EtOAc / hexane to afford l-bromo-4-(2-(2-nitroethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene (3) (2.7 g). 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 6 7.80 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (s, 6H).Synthesis of 2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethan-l-amineT JL O^^NH2

[0414] Scheme 18B3 4

[0415] To a solution of l-bromo-4-(2-(2-nitroethoxy)propan-2-yl)benzene (3) (1.5 g, 3.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH / FLO (10 mL / 2 mL) was added Zn (1.2 g, 18.5 mmol, 5.0 eq) and NH4CI (1.0 g, 18.5 mmol, 5.0 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred for 12 h at 80°C under Ar. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with water (50 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 60 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give 2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2- yl)oxy)ethan-l -amine (4) (1.2 g, crude) LC-MS: 258.0, 260.0 [M+H]+.Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate

[0416] Scheme 18C4 6

[0417] To a solution of 2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethan-l -amine (4) (1.2 g, 4.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added TEA (707 mg, 7.0 mmol, 1.5 eq), followed by the addition of methyl carbonochloridate (5) (395 mg, 4.2 mmol, 0.9 eq). The mixture was stirred at RT for one day. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-30% EtOAc / hexane to afford methyl (2-((2-(4- bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (6) (1.0 g). LC-MS: 357.0, 359.0 [M+H+MeCN]+.Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4-cyanophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate

[0418] Scheme 18D6 7

[0419] To a solution of methyl (2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (6) (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol, 1 eq) in NMP (10 mL) was added Zn(CN)2 (260 mg, 2.2 mmol, 0.6 eq), followed by Pd(PPh3)4 (430 mg, 0.37 mmol, 0.1 eq). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 140°C under Ar. The resulting mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with water (50 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (lOOmL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0-40% EtOAc / hexane to give methyl (2-((2- (4-cyanophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (7) (600 mg). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 7.86 - 7.76 (m, 2H), 7.64 - 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.25 - 7.11 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 - 3.04 (m, 4H), 1.46 (s, 6H).Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate

[0420] Scheme 18E78

[0421] To a solution of methyl (2-((2-(4-cyanophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (7) (0.6 g, 2.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (295 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2.0 eq); the mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. NH4CI (287 mg, 5.5 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to RT, filtered, and the filtratewas concentrated to give methyl (2-((2-(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)propan-2- yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (8) (285 mg, crude). LC-MS: 280.2 [M+H]+.

[0422] Scheme 18F

[0423] To a solution of methyl (2-((2-(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)propan-2- yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (8) (285 mg, 0.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (180 mg, 1.3 mmol, 2.0 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (80 mg, 0.5 mmol, 0.7 eq) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 2 h, and then concentrated and purified by Prep-HPLC to give methyl (2-((2-(4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (Compound 18). LC-MS: 404.2 [M+H]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): 8 12.71 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 3.51 (m, 5H), 3.12 (dd, J = 12.5, 5.0 Hz, 4H), 2.89 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 4H), 1.47 (s, 6H).Compound 19Synthesis of 2-(6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-yl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 19)Synthesis of 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile

[0424] Scheme 19A

[0425] To a solution of 6-bromonicotinonitrile (1) (2.00 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.0 eq) and (6-bromopyridin-3-yl)boronic acid (la) (2.00 g, 9.91 mmol, 9.07e-l eq) in dioxane(20 mL / BLO (4 mL) was added K2CO3 (3.02 g, 21.86 mmol, 2.0 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12 (799.65 mg, 1.09 mmol, 0.1 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 16 h under N2. After cooling to 25°C, the mixture was filtered and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 50 / 1 to 0 / 1). 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile (2) (730 mg) was obtained. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCh): d = 8.92 (dd, J = 1.8, 12.3 Hz, 2H), 8.19 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J =8.3 Hz, 1H)Synthesis of 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carboximidamide

[0426] Scheme 19B2 3

[0427] To a solution of 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carbonitrile (2) (280 mg, 1.08 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (3 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 2.69 mL, 2.5 eq) at 0°C under N2. The mixture was warmed to 20°C and stirred at 20°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl / dioxane (4 mol / L, 1 mL) at 0°C and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (7 mL), and the mixture stirredat 20°C for 1 hr. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carboximidamide (3) (350 mg, crude, HC1) and used immediately in the next step.

[0428] Scheme 19C

[0429] To a solution of 6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridine]-5-carboximidamide (3) (350 mg, 1.12 mmol, 1.0 eq, HC1) in MeOH (3.5 mL) was added methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3- carboxylate (3a) (194.45 mg, 1.12 mmol, 1.0 eq) and K2CO3 (462.79 mg, 3.35 mmol, 3.0 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Phenomenex Cl 8 75 * 30mm * 3 um; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 25%-40%, 10 mins). 2-(6'-bromo-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 19) was obtained. LC-MS: 401 (M+l). 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-de): d = 9.27 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.94 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (dd, J= 1.9, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J= 2.3, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s, 2H), 2.61 (br dd, J = 5.0, 15.4 Hz, 4H).Compound 20Synthesis of 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 20)Synthesis of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile

[0430] Scheme 20 A,1 2

[0431] To a solution of (6-brom opyri din-3 -yl)boronic acid (la) (408.52 mg, 2.02 mmol, 1.0 eq in dioxane (5 mLyiLO (1 mL) was added 3-fluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile (1) (0.5 g, 2.02 mmol, 1.0 eq), K2CO3 (559.52 mg, 4.05 mmol, 2.0 eq), and Pd(dppf)C12 (148.11 mg, 202.42 pmol, 0.1 eq at 20 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 16 h under N2. After cooling to 20 °C, the mixture was filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 20 / 1 to 0 / 1). 4-(6-brom opyri din-3 -yl)-3 -fluorobenzonitrile (2) (200 mg, crude) was obtained and used as is in the next step. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCL): b = 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.68 (td, J= 1.9, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.50 (br d, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.47 - 7.45 (m, 1H).Synthesis of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-jluorobenzimidamide

[0432] Scheme 20B2 3

[0433] To a solution of 4-(6-brom opyri din-3 -yl)-3 -fluorobenzonitrile (2) (200 mg, 721.78 pmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (2 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 1.80 mL, 2.5 eq) at 0 °C under N2. The mixture was warmed to 20 °C and stirred at 20 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl / dioxane (4 mol / L, 0.6 mL) at 0 °C and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was suspended in MeOH (3 ml), and the mixture stirred at 20°C for 1 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reducedpressure to give 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-fluorobenzimidamide (3) (0.11 g, crude) that was used in the next step without further purification.

[0434] Scheme 20C3 Compound 20

[0435] To a solution of methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylate (3a) (68.75 mg, 394.62 pmol, 1.06 eq) and 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-fhiorobenzimidamide (3) (0.11 g, 373.99 pmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (2 mL) was added K2CO3 (183.33 mg, 1.33 mmol, 3.55 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. After cooling to 20°C, the mixture was filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBD Cl 8 150 * 40 mm * 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (NH3H2O+NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 30%-60%, 8 mins). 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 20) was obtained. LC-MS: 417 + bromo isomers (M+l).XH NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.13 - 8.06 (m, 2H), 8.06 - 8.00 (m, 1H), 7.86- 7.77 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.91 (s, 4H).Compound 21Synthesis of 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 21)Synthesis of 3,5-difluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile

[0436] Scheme 21A

[0437] To a solution of 3,5-difluorobenzonitrile (1) (2.00 g, 14.07 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (20 mL), LDA (2 M, 7.86 mL, 1.12 eq) was added dropwise at -70°C. Then H (3.76 g, 14.80 mmol, 2.98 mL, 1.05 eq) in THF (10 mL) at -70°C was added at -70°C. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 15°C then stirred at 15°C for 1 hr. The mixture was quenched with 10% sodium thiosulfite solution (15 ml). The reaction mixture was extracted with a 1 / 1 mixture of ethyl acetate / hexanes (7 mL x 3). The combined organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Welch Xtimate C18 250 * 70 mm # 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 40%-70%, 20 mins). 3,5-difluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile (2) (2.00 g) was obtained. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCI3): d = 7.23 - 7.18 (m, 2H).Synthesis of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-dijluorobenzonitrile

[0438] Scheme 2 IB15-100°C, 16 hrs2 3

[0439] To a solution of (6-bromopyri din-3 -yl)boronic acid (2a) (1.60 g, 7.93 mmol, 1.05 eq) and 3,5-difluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile (2) (2.00 g, 11.32 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (20 mL) / H20 (4 mL) was added K2CO3 (2.09 g, 15.09 mmol, 2.0 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12 (552.23 mg, 0.75 mmol, 0.1 eq) at 15°C under N2. The mixture heated to 100°C for 16 h under N2. After cooling to 15°C, the mixture was filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 50 / 1 to 0 / 1). 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile(3) (620 mg, 210 mmol) was obtained. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCh): d = 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.63 -7.55 (m, 2H), 7.34 - 7.26 (m, 2H).Synthesis of 4-( 6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3, 5-dijluorobenzimidamide

[0441] To a solution of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorobenzonitrile (3) (500 mg, 1.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (5 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 4.24 mL, 2.5 eq) at 0°C under N2. The mixture was warmed to 20°C and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl / dioxane (4 mol / L, 2.0 mL) at 0°C, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (8 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 1 hr. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorobenzimidamide (4) (540 mg, crude, HC1). The compound was used immediately in the next step.

[0442] Scheme 2 ID

[0443] To a solution of 4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorobenzimidamide (4) (440 mg, 1.41 mmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (4.4 mL) was added methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3- carboxylate (4a) (245.60 mg, 1.41 mmol, 1.0 eq) and K2CO3 (584.52 mg, 4.23 mmol, 3.0 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: NP-1; mobile phase: [Heptane-EtOH]; B%: 10%-70%, 10 mins). 2-(4-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 21) was obtained. LC-MS: 438 + bromo isomers (M+l).XHNMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 13.06 - 12.89 (m, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.10- 8.00 (m, 3H), 7.93 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 2.98 (s, 4H).Compound 22Synthesis of (6-(4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)boronic acid (Compound 22)Synthesis of 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile

[0444] Scheme 22A

[0445] To a solution of 5-bromo-2-iodopyridine (1) (0.5 g, 1.76 mmol, 1.0 eq) and (4- cyanophenyl)boronic acid (la) (388.19 mg, 2.64 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dioxane (5 mL) / H2O (1 mL) was added Pd(dppf)C12 (128.87 mg, 176.12 pmol, 0.1 eq) and K^CCh (486.83 mg, 3.52 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 13 h. After cooling to 20°C, the mixture was filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 50 / 1 to 0 / 1). 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (2) (400 mg, crude) was obtainedand used immediately in the next step. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCh): b = 8.71 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.06 - 8.00 (m, 2H), 7.87.Synthesis of 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzimidamide

[0447] To a solution of 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (2) (100 mg, 385.95 pmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (1 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 964.87 uL, 2.5 eq) at 0°C under N2. The mixture was warmed to 20°C and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl / dioxane (4 mol / L, 0.3 mL) at 0°C, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (2 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 1 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzimidamide (3) (110 mg, crude, HC1 salt) was obtained and used in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of 2-(4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0448] Scheme 22C

[0449] To a solution of 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzimidamide (3) (100 mg, 362.15 pmol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (1 mL) was added methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (3a) (126.18 mg, 724.29 pmol, 2.0 eq) and K2CO3 (100.10 mg, 724.29 pmol, 2.0 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (238 mg, crude) that was used immediately in the next step. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCh): d = 8.75 - 8.69 (m, 1H), 8.14 - 8.04 (m, 4H), 7.90 - 7.83(m, 1H), 7.68 - 7.61 (m, 1H), 3.65 - 3.62 (m, 2H), 3.04 - 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.92 - 2.86 (m, 2H).

[0450] Scheme 22D

[0451] To a solution of 2-(4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (238 mg, 594.57 pmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (3 mL) was added ELPi (181.18 mg, 713.48 pmol, 1.2 eq), KOAc (175.06 mg, 1.78 mmol, 3.0 eq), and Pd(dppf)C12.DCM (48.55 mg, 59.46 pmol, 0.1 eq) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 13 h. After cooling to 25°C, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition; column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBD Cl 8 150 * 40mm * 10pm; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 15%-45%, 8 mins). (6-(4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)boronic acid (Compound 22) was obtained. LC-MS: 366.1 (M+l).XH NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 12.83 (br s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 2H), 8.30 - 8.20 (m, 5H), 8.06 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 4H).Compound 23Synthesis of 2-(4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 23)Synthesis of 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile

[0452] Scheme 23A

[0453] To a solution of 2-bromo-4-iodopyridine (1) (2.50 g, 8.81 mmol, 1.00 eq) and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (la) (1.42 g, 9.69 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (25.0 mL) and H2O (5.00 mL) was added K2CO3 (2.43 g, 17.6 mmol, 2.00 eq) at 20°C. The suspension was degassed and purged three times with N2. Then to the mixture was added Pd(dppf)C12 (644 mg, 881 pmol, 0.10 eq) at 20°C under N2. The suspension was degassed and purged three times with N2. The mixture was stirred under N2 at 100°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10.0 mL) and extracted with EtOAc 60.0 mL (20.0 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over ISfeSCU, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiCh, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10 / 1 to 1 / 1). 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile (2) (950 mg) was obtained.TH NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 8.57 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.17 - 8.03 (m, 5H), 7.91 (dd, J = 1.7, 5.2 Hz, 1H).Synthesis of 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzimidamide

[0454] Scheme 23B

[0455] To a solution of 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzonitrile (2) (400 mg, 1.54 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (4.00 mL), LiHMDS (1 M, 3.09 mL, 2.00 eq) was added dropwise at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 4 N HC1 (4.00 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (20.0 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 1 hr. Then the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzimidamide (3) (500 mg, crude) was obtained and used in the next step without further purification.

[0456] Scheme 23C

[0457] To a solution of 4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)benzimidamide (3) (250 mg, 905 pmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxylate (3a) (166 mg, 951 pmol, 1.05 eq) in MeOH (2.50 mL) was added K2CO3 (313 mg, 2.26 mmol, 2.50 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filter cake was slurried by MeOH (0.50 mL) and H2O (1.00 mL) and then filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 80 * 40 mm * 3 pm; mobile phase: [water (HCl)-ACN]; B%: 35%-65%, 7 min). 2-(4-(2-bromopyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 23) was obtained. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 8.48 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.87 (dd, J = 1.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.89 (s, 4H). LC-MS: 404.1 (M+l).Compound 24Synthesis of (2-(4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl)boronic acid (Compound 24)Synthesis of 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile

[0458] Scheme 24A1 2

[0459] To a solution of 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine (1) (2.50 g, 8.78 mmol, 1.00 eq) and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (la) (1.42 g, 9.65 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (25.0 mL) and H2O (5.00 mL) was added K2CO3 (2.43 g, 17.6 mmol, 2.00 eq) at 15°C. The suspension was degassed and purged three times with N2. Then to the mixture was added Pd(dppf)C12 (642 mg, 878 pmol, 0.10 eq) at 15°C under N2. The suspension was degassed and purged three times with N2. The mixture was stirred under N2 at 100°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10.0 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MTBE (10.0 mL), stirred at 15°C for16 h, then filtered. The filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a residue. 4-(5- bromopyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (2) (2.00 g, crude) was obtained and used immediately in the next step. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 3 = 9.16 (s, 2H), 8.49 (br d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (br d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H).Synthesis of 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)benzimidamide

[0461] To a solution of 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile (2) (0.80 g, 3.08 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (8.00 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 6.15 mL, 2.00 eq) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 15°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 4 N HCl / di oxane (6.00 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (8.00 mL) and stirred at 15°C for 2 h, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2- yl)benzimidamide (3) (0.8 g, crude) was obtained which was used in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of 2-(4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3- d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0462] Scheme 24C

[0463] To a solution of 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)benzimidamide (3) (0.80 g, 2.89 mmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (6) (528 mg, 3.03 mmol, 1.05 eq) in MeOH (16.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.20 g, 8.66 mmol, 3.00 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was suspended in water (5 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 3 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo to give 2-(4-(5- bromopyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (300 mg, crude). The crude product was used in the next step directly without further purification.

[0464] Scheme 24DCompound 24

[0465] To a solution of 2-(4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (0.1 g, 249.20 pmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (2 mL) was added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-l,3,2-dioxaborolane(69.61 mg, 274.12 pmol, 1.1 eq), KO Ac (48.91 mg, 498.41 pmol, 2 eq), and Pd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (20.35 mg, 24.92 pmol, 0.1 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 12 h under N2. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeCN / ftO (1 : 1, 3 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 2 h.Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo to give 2-(4-(5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (50 mg, crude). The crude product was suspended in HCI / H2O (4 N, 3 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 12 h. Then the mixture was diluted with DMSO (5 mL) and purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 250 * 50 mm * 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (HCl)-ACN]; B%: 15%-45%, 10 min). (2-(4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl)boronic acid (Compound 24) was obtained. LCMS: 367 (M+l). 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 9.16 (s, 2H), 8.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.25 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 4H).Compound 25Synthesis of (3',5'-difluoro-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 25)Synthesis of 4 '-bromo- 3, 5-difluoro-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carbonitrile

[0466] Scheme 25A1 2

[0467] To a mixture of 2,6-difluoro-4-iodobenzonitrile (1) (5 g, 22.94 mmol, 1 eq) and 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (la) (6.49 g, 22.94 mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (100 mL) and H2O (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (6.34 g, 45.87 mmol, 2 eq) andPd(PPh3)2Cl2(1.61 g, 2.29 mmol, 0.1 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was degassed and purged three times with N2, and then the mixture was stirred at 110°C for 16 h under an N2atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to 20°C and then diluted with water (100 mL). Then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc 300 mL (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 50 / 1 to 0 / 1). 4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,r-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (1.8g) was obtained. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCh): 8 = 7.57 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.39 - 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.20 - 7.17 (m, 2H).Synthesis of 4'-bromo-3, 5 -difluor o-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carboximidamide

[0468] Scheme 25B2 3

[0469] To a solution of 4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (0.5 g, 1.70 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (5 mL), LiHMDS (1 M, 4.25 mL, 2.5 eq) was added dropwise at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 15°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of 4 N HCl / di oxane (10 mL). The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was suspended in MeOH (10 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 1 hr. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (528 mg, crude) was obtained which was used in the next step without further purification.Synthesis of 2-(4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0470] Scheme 25C3 4

[0471] To a mixture of 4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide-HCl (3) (528 mg, 1.52 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (419.88 mg, 3.04 mmol, 2 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (396.97 mg, 2.28 mmol, 1.5 eq) at 25°C under N2. Then the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 h under an N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was triturated with water (10 mL) at 25 °C for 1 hr and then filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuo to give 2-(4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (0.9 g, crude) which was used directly in the next step.Synthesis of 2-(3, 5-difluoro-4 '-( 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl / - 4-yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0472] Scheme 25D

[0473] To a mixture of 2-(4'-bromo-3,5-difluoro-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (150 mg, 344.60 pmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (3 mL) was added EhPi (131.26 mg, 516.90 pmol, 1.5 eq) and KO Ac (101.46 mg, 1.03 mmol, 3 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was degassed and purged three times with N2 and then Pd(dppf)C12 (28.14 mg, 34.46 pmol, 0.1 eq) was added at 25°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 16 h under a N2 atmosphere. After cooling to 20°C, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was triturated with water (2 mL) and acetonitrile (2 ml) at 25 °C for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo. 2-(3,5-difluoro-4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)- [l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (120 mg) was obtained.

[0474] Scheme 25E

[0475] To a stirred solution of HCI / H2O (4 M, 2 mL), 2-(3,5-difluoro-4'-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (120 mg, 248.78 pmol, 1 eq) was added portion-wise at 20°C under N2. Then the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 2 h under an N2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 100 * 30 mm * 10 pm; mobile phase: [water (NH4HCO3)-ACN]; B%: 25%-55%, 8 min). (3',5'-difluoro-4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 25) was obtained. LCMS: 401 (M+l). 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 13.30 - 12.89 (m, 1H),8.19 (s, 2H), 7.98 - 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.84 - 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.73 - 7.65 (m, 2H), 3.55 (br s, 2H), 2.97 - 2.81 (m, 4H).Compound 26Synthesis of (3'-hydroxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)~ [l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 26)Synthesis of 4 '-bromo-3-methoxy-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carbonitrile

[0476] Scheme 26A1 2

[0477] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzonitrile (1) (10.0 g, 47.2 mmol, 1.00 eq) and (4-bromophenyl)boronic acid (10.4 g, 51.9 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (50.0 mL) and H2O (10.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (13.0 g, 94.3 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12 (3.45 g, 4.72 mmol, 0.10 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was heated to 75°C for 16 h. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 5 / 1, Rf = 0.53) indicated that (1) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50.0 mL) and H2O (20.0 mL). The organic layer was separated from the mixture and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (50.0 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, petroleum ether / ethylacetate = 10 / 1 to 0 / 1) to provide 4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (3.30 g, 8.02 mmol). The compound was used without further purification. (400 MHz, DMSO-t / e): d = 7.86 (d,J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84 - 7.72 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, J= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J= 1.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (s, 3H).Synthesis of 4 '-bromo-3-methoxy-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carboximidamide

[0478] Scheme 26B2 3

[0479] To a solution of 4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (2.00 g, 6.94 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.0 mL), LiHMDS (I M, 13.9 mL, 2.00 eq) was added dropwise at 0°C and then allowed to warm to 20°C and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with HCl / dioxane (13.0 mL) at 0 °C, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was triturated with MeOH (10 mL) and filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuo to give a residue. 4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (3.00 g, crude) was obtained. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 306 (M+l)Synthesis of 2-(4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0480] Scheme 26C3 4

[0481] To a solution of 4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (3.00 g, 9.83 mmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (3.43 g, 19.6 mmol, 2.00 eq) in MeOH (45.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (5.43 g, 39.3 mmol, 4.00 eq) at 25°C and then heated to 50°C and stirred for 16 h. LC-MS showed that (3) was consumed. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was triturated with H2O (30.0 mL) and stirred at 20°C for 16 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4'-bromo- 3-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (1.5 g, crude), which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 430.2 (and bromo isomers) (M+l).Synthesis of 2-(3-methoxy-4 '-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl -4- yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0482] Scheme 26D

[0483] To a solution of 2-(4'-bromo-3-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (1.00 g, 2.33 mmol, 1.00 eq) and Pi Eh (650 mg,2.56 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (50.0 mL) was added KO Ac (457 mg, 4.66 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12.CH2C12 (190 mg, 233 pmol, 0.10 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred for 16 h. LC-MS showed (4) was consumed completely and one main peak with the desired mass was detected. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 2-(3-methoxy-4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)- [l,r-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.60 g, crude). The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 477.2 (M+l).Synthesis of (3'-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)~[1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-yl) boronic acid

[0484] Scheme 26E5 6

[0485] A mixture of 2-(3-methoxy-4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,l'- biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.60 g,3.36 mmol, 1.00 eq) in HC1 (8 M, 32.0 mL, 76.2 eq) was heated to 80°C and stirred for 16 h. HC1 (12 M, 8.00 mL, 28.6 eq) was added to the mixture at 20°C, and then heated to 80°C for 4 h. LC-MS showed (5) was consumed completely and one main peak with the desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, then the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give (3'-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (6) (710 mg, crude). The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 395.2 (M+l).

[0486] Scheme 26F

[0487] To a solution of (3'-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (6) (710 mg, 1.80 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (21.6 mL), BBr3(1 M in DCM, 9.00 mL, 5.00 eq) was added dropwise at -20°C. The mixture was heated to 20°C and stirred for Ih. LC-MS showed that (6) was consumed completely and one peak with the desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of ice water (20.0 mL) at 0°C. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (column:Phenomenex Gemini NXC18 (75 x 30 mm x 3 um); mobile phase: [H2O (0.05% NH3H2O + 10 mM NH4HCO3)-ACN]; gradient: 15%-65% B over 8.0 min) to give (3'-hydroxy-4'-(4-oxo- 3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 26). LC-MS: 381.2 (M+l). ^NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t / e): 3 = 8.27 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.13 (s, 2H), 7.90 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 - 7.19 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.93 (s, 4H).Compound 27Synthesis of (3-hydroxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)- [l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 27)Synthesis of 4 '-bromo- 3 ' -methoxy- [ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carbonitrile

[0488] Scheme 27 A

[0489] To a solution of l-bromo-4-iodo-2-m ethoxybenzene (1) (8 g, 25.56 mmol, 1 eq) and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (la) (4.51 g, 30.7 mmol, 1.20 eq) in DMF (160 mL) was added CS2CO3 (16.7 g, 51.1 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (1.48 g, 1.28 mmol, 0.05 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred for 16 h under N2. LC-MS showed that (1) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was separated from the mixture and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10 / 1 to 0 / 1) to provide 4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]- 4-carbonitrile (2) (4.50 g, 15.6 mmol). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 3 = 8.00 (s, 4H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 2.1, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H).Synthesis of 4 '-bromo-3 '-methoxy- [ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carboximidamide

[0490] Scheme 27B

[0491] To a solution of 4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,r-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (2.00 g, 6.94 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.0 mL), was added dropwise LiHMDS (1 M, 13.9 mL, 2.00 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was warmed to 25°C and stirred for 12h. LC-MS showed that (2) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of HCl / dioxane (4M, 8.00 mL) at 0°C, then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue.The residue was suspended in MeOH (20.0 mL), and the mixture stirred at 25°C for 1 h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (3.00 g, crude) and used directly in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 306.1 + bromo isomers (M+l).Synthesis of 2-(4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0493] To a solution of 4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (1.00 g, 3.28 mmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (1.14 g,6.55 mmol, 2 eq) in MeOH (15.0 mL) was added K2CO3 (1.81 g, 13.1 mmol, 4.00 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was heated to 50°C and stirred for 16 h. LC-MS showed (3) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a residue. H2O (10.0 mL) was added to the residue to form a slurry that was stirred at 20°C for 16h. Then the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (1.50 g, crude). LC-MS: 430.2 and bromo isomers (M+l). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 12.76 (br s, 1H), 8.26 - 8.20 (m, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.90 - 7.82 (m, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 2.89 (s, 4H).Synthesis of 2-( 3 '-methoxy-4 '-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]- 4-yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0495] To a solution of 2-(4'-bromo-3'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (1.00 g, 2.33 mmol, 1.00 eq) and EhPi (651 mg, 2.56 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (30.0 mL) was added KO Ac (457 mg, 4.66 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12.DCM (190 mg, 233 pmol, 0.10 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred under N2 for 16h. LC-MS showed that (4) was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-(3'-methoxy -4'-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3, 5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.00 g, crude) was obtained, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 477.1 (M+l).Synthesis of (3-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)- [1,1 '-biphenyl ]-4-yl) boronic acid

[0496] Scheme 27E

[0497] 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4- yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (1.00 g, 2.10 mmol, 1.00 eq) was added portion-wise to a stirred solution of HCI / H2O (4 M, 20.0 mL, 38.1 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 5h. LC-MS showed that (5) was consumed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried under reduced pressure to give (3 -methoxy -4'-(4- oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (6) (250 mg, crude), which was used as is in the next step. LC-MS: 395.2 (M+l).

[0498] Scheme 27F

[0499] To a solution of (3-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (6) (250 mg, 634 pmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (7.50 mL), was added BBn (1 M, 3.17 mL, 5.00 eq) dropwise at -20°C. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 2h. LC-MS showed that (6) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and quenched with ice water (10.0 mL) and stirred at O °C for lOmin. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 100 x 40 mm x 5 um; mobile phase: [H2O (0.04% HC1)-ACN]; gradient: 10%-50% B over 8.0 min) to provide (3-hydroxy-4'-(4- oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 27). LC-MS: 381.2 (M+l).XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 3 = 8.24 - 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.94 - 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.83 - 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.37 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 4H).Compound 28Synthesis of (2-hydroxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)- [ 1,1 '-biphenyl] -4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 28)Synthesis of 4 '-bromo-2 ' -methoxy- [ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carbonitrile

[0500] Scheme 28A1 2

[0501] To a solution of 4-bromo-l-iodo-2-methoxybenzene (1) (8.00g, 25.6 mmol, 1.00 eq) and (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (4.51g, 30.7 mmol, 1.20 eq) in DMF (80.0 mL) was added CS2CO3 (16.7g, 51.1 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (1.48g, 1.28 mmol, 0.05 eq) at 20°C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 14 h under N2. TLC (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 8 / 1, Rf = 0.54) indicated that (1) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50.0 mL) and H2O (150 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (50.0 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10 / 1 to 0 / 1) to give 4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (6.10 g, 21.2 mmol).TH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d = 7.93 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 - 7.30 (m, 2H), 3.92 - 3.83 (m, 3H).Synthesis of 4 '-bromo-2 '-methoxy- [ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-carboximidamide

[0502] Scheme 28B

[0503] To a solution of 4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (2) (1.00g, 3.47 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.0 mL), LiHMDS (1 M, 6.94 mL, 2.00 eq) was added dropwise at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 12 h. LC-MS showed that (2) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of HCl / di oxane (6 mL) at 0°C, then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was suspended in MeOH (20 mL) and the mixture stirred at 25°C for 1 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4- carboximidamide (3) (2.00g, crude), which was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 306.2 + bromo isomers (M+l).Synthesis of 2-(4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0504] Scheme 28C

[0505] To a solution of 4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-carboximidamide (3) (1.00g, 3.28 mmol, 1.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (1.14g, 6.55 mmol, 2.00 eq) in MeOH (10 mL) was added K2CO3 (L81g, 13.1 mmol, 4.00 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 50°C for 16 h. LC-MS showed that (3) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered and filter cake dried under reduced pressure to give a residue. H2O (15 mL) was added to make a slurry and the mixture stirred at 20°C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(4'-bromo-2'-methoxy- [l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (2.00 g, crude). The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 430.3 + bromo isomers (M+l).Synthesis of 2-( 2 '-methoxy-4 '-(4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-l, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl / - 4-yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0506] Scheme 28D

[0507] To a solution of 2-(4'-bromo-2'-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- 4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (4) (400mg, 932 pmol, 1 eq) and JLPi (260mg, 1.02 mmol, 1.10 eq) in dioxane (20 mL) was added KOAc (183mg, 1.86 mmol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)C12.DCM (76.1mg, 93.17 pmol, 0.1 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred under N2 at 80°C for 16h. LC-MS showed that (4) was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2-(2'-methoxy-4'-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (700 mg, crude). The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 477.2 (M+l).Synthesis of (2-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)~[1,1 '-biphenyl ]-4-yl) boronic acid

[0509] 2-(2'-methoxy-4'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4- yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5) (400mg, 840 pmol, 1.0 eq) was added portion-wise to a stirred solution of HC1 (4M, 20 mL, 95.3 eq) at 20°C. The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 16h. LC-MS showed that (5) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2-methoxy- 4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4- yl)boronic acid (6) (490 mg, crude). The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 395.1 (M+l).

[0510] Scheme 28F6 7

[0511] To a solution of (2-methoxy-4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (6) (200mg, 507 pmol, 1 eq) in DCM (3 mL), tribromoborane (1 M, 2.49 mL, 4.9 eq) was added dropwise at -10°C. The mixture waswarmed to 20°C and stirred for 3 h. LC-MS showed that (6) was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake dried under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna Cl 8 100 x 40 mm x 5 um; mobile phase: [H2O (0.04% HC1)-ACN]; gradient: 5%-45% B over 8.0 min). (2-hydroxy-4'-(4-oxo- 3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,T-biphenyl]-4-yl)boronic acid (Compound 28) was obtained.XH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 3 = 9.69 - 9.32 (m, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 - 7.37 (m, 1H), 7.36 - 7.28 (m, 2H), 3.64 - 3.59 (m, 2H), 2.91 (s, 4H). LC-MS: 381.1 (M+l).Compound 29Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)-[ 1, 1 ' -biphenyl] -4-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate ( Compound 29)Synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0512] Scheme 29A1 2

[0513] To a solution of 4-bromobenzimidamide (1) (5 g, 21.2 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (50 mL) was added methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (3.70 g, 21.2 mmol, 1.00 eq) and K2CO3 (5.87 g, 42.5 mmol, 2.00 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one(2) (7 g, crude) was obtained and used without further purification. 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 8.21 - 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.53 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.83 - 2.64 (m, 4H).Synthesis of 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[ 4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0514] Scheme 29B

[0515] To a solution of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one (2) (7 g, 21.7 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (70 mL) was added Pi fh (11.0 g, 43.3 mmol, 2.00 eq), KOAc (10.6 g, 108 mmol, 5.00 eq), and Pd(dppf)C12 (1.58 g, 2.17 mmol, 0.10 eq) at 25°C under N2. The mixture was degassed three times with N2. The mixture was stirred at 100°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product. The crude product was triturated with H2O (150 mL) at 20°C for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (9 g, crude) was obtained and used immediately in the next step.Synthesis of methyl (2-((2-(4'-(4-oxo-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)-[ 1, 1 '-biphenyl ]-4-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate3 Compound 29

[0516] To a solution of 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3,5,7,8- tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3) (0.8 g, 2.16 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (16 mL) was added methyl (2-((2-(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (4) (820 mg, 2.59 mmol, 1.20 eq), Pd(dppf)C12 (158 mg, 216 pmol, 0.10 eq), and K2CO3 (1.49 g, 10.8 mmol, 5eq) at 25°C under N2. The mixture was degassed three times with N2. The mixture was stirred at 85°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resultant residue diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate 60 mL (20 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL x 1), dried over ISfeSCU, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 75 * 30 mm * 3 pm; mobile phase: [NaHCCL-ACN]; gradient: 40%-70% B over 16.0 min). Methyl (2-((2-(4'-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H- thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-[l,l'-biphenyl]-4-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)carbamate (Compound 29) was obtained. LCMS: 480.1 (M+l). 'H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 8.19 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.57 - 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.17 - 7.11 (m, 1H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.18 - 3.08 (m, 4H), 2.90 (br s, 4H), 1.49 (s, 6H).Compound 30Synthesis of (2-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 30)

[0517] Scheme 30 A

[0518] The synthesis of (2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 32) is shown in Schemes 32A-D.

[0519] To a solution of (2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 32) (0.30 g, 943 pmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (3 mL), was added BBn (1.18 g, 4.71 mmol, 454 pL, 5.00 eq) dropwise at O°C and then stirred at 25°C for 16h. LC-MS showed that (Compound 32) was consumed. The reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of H2O (5 mL at 25°C) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C8 250 x 50 mm x 10 pm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.04 % HC1)-ACN]; gradient: 5%-40% B over 10.0 min). (2-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 30) was obtained.

[0520] 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 = 10.30 - 9.99 (m, 1H), 7.73 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 2.92 - 2.88 (m, 4H).Compound 31Synthesis of (3-hydroxy-4-(4-oxo-3,5, 7 ,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano [4, 3-d]pyrimidin-2- yl)phenyl)boronic acid (Compound 31)Synthesis of 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzimidamide

[0521] Scheme 31A

[0522] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzonitrile (1) (3.00 g, 14.2 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (30 mL), was added LiHMDS (1 M, 35.37 mL, 2.50 eq) dropwise at 0°C and then stirred at 25 °C for 16 h. LC-MS showed that (1) was consumed. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of 4 M HCl / dioxane (40 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue which was suspended in MeOH (30 mL) and stirred at 15 °C for 2h, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzimidamide (2) (3.50 g, crude) was obtained. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification.TH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 6 = 7.65 - 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.52 - 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.38 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H).Synthesis of 2-(4-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-3,5, 7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one

[0523] Scheme 3 IB

[0524] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzimidamide (2) (3.50 g, 15.3 mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (35 mL) was added K2CO3 (6.34 g, 45.8 mmol, 3.00 eq) and methyl 4-oxotetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboxylate (2.79 g, 16.0 mmol, 1.05 eq) at 25°C and then stirred at 60°C for 16 h. LC-MS showed (2) was consumed. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue ...

Claims

CLAIMS compound of Formula (I):or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; whereinR1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci-Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(0H)2;Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl;R2is(a) phenyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(b) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(c) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(d) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(e) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(f) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(g) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(h) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(i) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups;(j) 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with phenyl or substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(k) -CH=CH-R5where R5is phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;R3is independently selected from -B(0H)2, cyano, halo, halo-Ci-Cealkyl, -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic wherein the 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic is optionally substituted with cyano; or when R2is (a), then R3and one R3a, when on adjacent carbons, together with the carbons to which they are attached form(a-1) where the * indicate the carbons shared with the phenyl ring and where the remaining optional R3aon the phenyl portion are as defined below, and each R7ais independently hydrogen or Ci-Cealkyl; each R3ais independently selected from cyano, halo, -OH, Ci-Cealkyl, halo-Ci-Cealkyl, and Ci-Cealkoxy;R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl, Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl, or Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH-Ci- Cealkyl; and provided that the compound is not-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(3 -methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -y 1 )- 3 , 5 , 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3 - d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(3-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; -(3-(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4, 3-d]pyrimidin-4- one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or -(5-chlorothi ophen-3 -yl)-3, 5, 7, 8-tetrahy dro-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomeror mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. he compound of claim 1, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1and Rlaare independently selected from is hydrogen and deuterium.he compound of claim 1 or 2, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ringwherein5designates attachment to the remainder of the compound of Formula (I). he compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is phenyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups. The compound of claim 4, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinR3is attached to the para-position of the phenyl ring; orR3and one R3a, when on adjacent carbons, together with the carbons to which they are attached form ring (a- 1 ) and where the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with the remaining R3agroups. he compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistinghe compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofhe compound of any one of claims 1-7, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consisting ofhe compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups. The compound of claim 9, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is phenyl substituted at its para-position with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; and when the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl then R3is substituted on the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 9, and 10, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 9-11, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups. The compound of claim 13, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted at its para-position with -phenyl-R3where the phenyl in -phenyl-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the R3is in the para-position of the phenyl in -phenyl-R3.The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 13-14, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 13-15, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is 5- to 6- membered heteroaryl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- R3where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the -phenyl-R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl; and optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the phenyl. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)-R3is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups; optionally wherein the -(6-membered heteroaryl)-R3is at the para-position of the first 6-membered heteroaryl; and optionally wherein the R3is at the para-position of the 6-membered heteroaryl to which it is attached. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 19, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinThe compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 21, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is, optionally whereinR3is 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic optionally substituted with cyano.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is 3- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- to 6- membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 25, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is -CH=CH-R5where R5is phenyl or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl, where the phenyl and the 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl are substituted with R3and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 27, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2is selected from the group consistingThe compound of any one of claims 1-28, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3is cyano, -B(0H)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, and 13-29, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3is cyano. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, and 13-29, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3is -B(OH)2. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, and 13-29, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3is -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, 13-29, and 32, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3is -(Ci-6alkylene)-O-R4. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, 13-29, 32, and 33, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R4is hydroxy-Ci-Cealkyl. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, 13-29, 32, and 33, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxy-Ci-Cealkyl. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, 9-11, 13-29, 32, and 33, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R4is Ci-Cealkoxycarbonyl-NH- Ci-C6alkyl.The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 9-11, 13-16, and 18-20, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R2is (b), (c), (e), or (f) and R3is halo, cyano, -B(OH)2, or -(Co-Cealkylene)-O-R4. The compound of claim 1, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof; a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof; and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; selected from the group consisting of the Compounds 1-44 provided in Table 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-38, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 39, where the pharmaceutical carrier comprises: a matrix component comprising a graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate(GO-HA), wherein GO and HA are covalently linked via a linker; polyethylene glycol (PEG), where the PEG is optional; a thickener, where the thickener is optional; and water, optionally wherein the compound optionally constitutes from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total composition. A method of inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway activity in a subject comprising contacting an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-38 or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the subject. A method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity, comprising administering a compound of any one of claims 1-38, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering a pharmaceutical composition of claim 39 or 40 to a mammal in need thereof. The method of claim 42, wherein the method is for stimulating regeneration of tissue at a wound in the mammal in need thereof and wherein the wound is contacted with an effective amount of the compound (or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, asingle tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or the pharmaceutical composition. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease, disorder, or condition is selected from a chronic wound, an acute wound, an alkali-burned corneal wound, a bum, a lesion (including lesions caused by HPV and / or a virus selected from the Poxviridae family of viruses), an inflammatory dermatitis disease (including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and scleroderma), a cartilage disease (including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, internal derangement of the joints, and degenerative cartilage disease), a bone disease (including osteoporosis), organ fibrosis (including lung fibrosis, heart fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis), cancer (including melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer), a de-nerved body part in need of reinnervation, tissue in need of regeneration (including damaged elastic cartilage), bacterial growth in need of inhibition, fungal growth in need of inhibition, tissue in need of neovascularization, osteoclast differentiation in need of inhibition, osteoblast differentiation disorders (where inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is needed), and / or bone destruction associated with breast cancer. A method of inducing bacteriostasis associated with Wnt signaling pathway activity, comprising administering XAV939 or tautomer thereof and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; administering a compound of any one of claims 1-38, or a single stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, a single tautomer or mixture of tautomers thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering a pharmaceutical composition of claim 39 or 40 to a mammal in need thereof. A compound, or a salt thereof, and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers according to any one of the following formulas:whereinLG1is a leaving group, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, triflate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate;R1is hydrogen, deuterium, Ci-Csalkyl, -OH, -O-Ci-Csalkyl, -CH2OH, or -B(0H)2;Rlais hydrogen, deuterium, or Ci-Csalkyl;R20is alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, or CD3;R2' is(bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or(il) C3-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylatea salt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

46. A method of preparing a compound of Formula (I) of any one of claims 1-37, comprising: a) contacting a compound of Formula (b) contacting a compound of Formula (wherein R20is Me or CD3; orwherein LG1is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, tritiate, mesylate, a triazole, a pyrazole, boronic acid, boronic ester, or aryl trifluoroborate; and optionally isolating the compound of Formula (I); wherein R2' is(bl) phenyl substituted with 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with LG1and additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups,(cl) phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl in -phenyl- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(el) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -phenyl- LG1where the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(fl) 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups and additionally substituted with -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1where the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl in -(5- or 6-membered heteroaryl)- LG1is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups;(hl) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with NH2 or OH and additionally optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; or(il) Cs-Cecycloalkyl substituted with phenyl where the phenyl is substituted with LG1and the phenyl is additionally optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R3agroups, and where the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R3agroups; and provided that the compound is not: methyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3 -carboxylatea salt thereof and / or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the contacting is under basic conditions.

Images