Method for application-oriented design and / or optimisation of the wear resistance or load resistance of a tribologically loaded component in a rolling mill

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the application-oriented design and / or optimisation of the wear resistance and / or load resistance of a mechanically, in particular tribologically, loaded component in a rolling mill, in particular a roller (1) or a roller system for engagement in rolled stock in a rolling mill, wherein the component has a base material and at least one functional layer (3) designed with respect to an expected load (3), the method comprising the following steps: - detecting tribological data during the production and / or restoration of at least one component, - detecting wear and / or load data resulting from the operational application of the component, - correlating the tribological data from the production and / or restoration of the component with the wear data and / or load data from operation in an electronic database, and - designing and / or changing the structure of the component in an automatic load-oriented manner and / or changing the operation-related loading of the part in an automatic manner.

Description

[0001] Method for application-oriented design and / or optimization of wear and / or load resistance of a tribologically stressed component in a rolling mill

[0002] The invention relates to a method for application-oriented design and / or optimization of the wear and / or load resistance of a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component in a rolling mill, in particular a roller or a roller system for engaging in rolling stock in a rolling mill, in particular in a hot rolling mill.

[0003] The invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a method for the application-oriented development of layer systems on components, preferably rollers, in order to increase or optimally adapt the wear and / or load capacity.

[0004] A layer system within the meaning of the present application is primarily understood to mean the composition of the layer itself, its heat treatment, its surface quality, its surface geometry, its surface topography, and its connection to the substrate or the base body.

[0005] A roller as a stressed component in a rolling mill is known, for example, from WO 2009 / 130079A1. This publication relates to a roller for transporting continuously cast steel strands on a roller table or in a continuous casting machine, comprising a roller body comprising a roller shell made of a base material and a wear layer applied by deposition welding to the base material with a filler metal, which encloses the roller shell surface. The base material of the roller shell is steel. The deposition welding is carried out as a single-layer weld. The roller is restored after wear by preparing the roller shell as a turned part and applying a single-layer deposition weld to the base material with a specific minimum thickness.The weld layer is then turned back to a closed, single-surface roller shell surface while maintaining a minimum thickness of the wear layer.

[0006] During operation, mechanical components are often subjected to loads that vary locally and do not spread evenly across the component. In particular, a difference is often observed between the core and the edge of a component. For predominantly cylindrical components, such as discs and shafts or rollers, as well as other components with flat surfaces, the core is often required to exhibit high ductility at low loads, while the boundary area near the surface is subjected to high mechanical, thermal, and / or corrosive stress.

[0007] For this reason, it is generally known to provide rollers, such as those described in WO 2009 / 130079A1, with coatings that perform different functions, for example increased wear resistance, increased bending or torsion resistance under static, dynamic or shrinking stress, increased temperature resistance, a certain thermal expansion or thermal conductivity, and increased corrosion resistance.

[0008] Rollers of the type mentioned above are usually designed for a wide variety of applications, for example as strand guide rollers in continuous casting plants or for installation in roller tables downstream of the continuous casting plant or as rollers that are otherwise designed to engage with the rolling stock, such as rollers in rolling stands.

[0009] Different load requirements for rollers place different demands on wear resistance, material composition, and surface finish. For this reason, rollers are often coated with coatings that perform different functions. Coatings are provided to provide the roller with increased wear resistance, increased bending or torsion resistance under static, dynamic, or oscillating loads, high temperature resistance, high or low thermal expansion, or improved thermal conductivity, as well as increased corrosion resistance, thus enhancing the performance of the entire roller. Wear resistance occupies a special position among the types of resistance described above because it is difficult to describe quantitatively.Wear is a phenomenon that can be caused by abrasion, adhesion, surface disruption, corrosion, or a combination of these. The resulting wear is a system property. It is therefore as diverse and individual as the system itself. Wear pattern recognition and correlation with other patterns can lead to a corresponding advance in increasing wear resistance.

[0010] In this approach, particular importance is attached to the design and development of a system of layers consisting of several sub-layers with which a component such as a roller can be designed.

[0011] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for designing a layer system that, on the one hand, facilitates the design and development of an overall layer consisting of several sublayers with properties of the component optimized for the application, and, on the other hand, from which measures for the production and processing, as well as the restoration, repair, or maintenance of the component can be derived. This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

[0012] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for the application-oriented design of a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component in a rolling mill and / or optimising the wear and / or load resistance of the component, in particular a roller or a roller system for engaging in hot rolling stock in a rolling mill, wherein the at least one component has at least one base body made of a base material and at least one functional layer, in particular a wear layer, designed with regard to an expected stress, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acquisition of tribological data during the manufacture and / or restoration of at least one component, the acquisition of wear and / or load data resulting from the operational use of the component,the correlation of the tribological data from the manufacture and / or restoration of the component with the wear and / or load data from operation in an electronic database and the automatic load-oriented design and / or modification of the structure of the component depending on the findings resulting from a preferably computer-implemented evaluation of the correlated data,

[0013] If the component is designed as a roller, the roller comprises a roller body having a roller shell made of a base material and at least one wear layer designed with respect to the expected stress. A ruler or other, particularly planar, means for guiding the rolling stock can also be considered as a component within the meaning of the invention.

[0014] A roller for engaging in rolling stock within the meaning of the present invention is a roller which is designed as a roller table roller, roller of a rolling mill, guide roller of a continuous casting machine or another unit which is intended in particular for supporting, treating and / or transporting the hot rolling stock.

[0015] A key aspect of the invention is the correlation of measurement data resulting from the operational use of the component with measurement data from the manufacture and / or restoration of the component. According to the invention, the tribological data from the manufacture of the component, for example using a processing machine as a measuring and testing instrument, are correlated with wear and / or load data from the operational use of the component. This operational wear and / or load data can be recorded intermittently or continuously and is preferably recorded location-dependently, i.e., related to the geometry of the lateral surface of the component. Machining processes with geometrically defined and indeterminate cutting edges can be used as tribometers according to the invention.

[0016] Furthermore, through the precise, location-dependent recording and evaluation of measurement data and other information on the global and local load state of the mechanical component during operation in a rolling mill or other metal production facility, a tailor-made coating system can be designed that provides the required properties depending on the location and thus has the load-bearing capacity necessary for the respective application. Although in cylindrical components such as rollers the mechanical load is often maximum in the area of ​​the surface and decreases more or less continuously from there, even with these geometries, more complex load profiles with load peaks or critical conditions far from the surface often occur. These can be precisely recorded and counteracted with tailored property profiles of the coating system.This means that at least one of the layers or a part of one of the layers or the layer is constructed in terms of material and microstructure in such a way that the property relevant for the application is optimal at that point.

[0017] Naturally, as the scope and quality of data and information on the global and local load condition increases, and as these can be correlated with data and information that characterise the condition of the coating system globally and locally, for example with regard to wear, surface fatigue, corrosion, resistance to temperature, resistance to scale particles, etc., the suitability of the different coatings, coating processes, coating materials, etc. can be detected and assessed with increasing accuracy and better, and an increasingly application-optimised selection and development of individual coatings and / or entire coatings can be carried out.Physically or technically based phenomena such as wear mechanisms can also be analyzed in detail, and suitable principles for counteracting them can be identified, or at least properties and / or property profiles of coatings can be extracted to prevent them. Likewise, instructions for modifying the tribological system, e.g., the contact between metal strip and component, and / or general operation, e.g., the operating mode of the rolling mill, can be generated.

[0018] For this purpose, in addition to data analysis during operation, the novel function assigned to the machining center and data analysis during mechanical processing is provided. In a preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the tribological data are measured data selected from a group of measured data comprising torques, cutting forces, feed forces, frictional forces, friction coefficients, and temperatures during machining of a roller shell, for example, in a machine tool, and surface roughness of the shell surface of the component immediately after machining. This measured data can be recorded, for example, via a machine control system of a processing machine.For example, the forces for the feed of a spindle or the reaction forces occurring at a tool holder or tool holder during machining of the roller surface, as well as the material removal, can be recorded on the processing machine. Material removal and the resulting parameters such as surface quality and the shape and position of the surfaces are important parameters.

[0019] This data is preferably recorded in relation to the geometry of a component, both location-related and time-related.

[0020] Examples of possible data are: specific loads (e.g. point load, line load, surface pressure) speeds (e.g. uniform, non-uniform), slip etc. surface properties (e.g. roughness, waviness, profile, surface hardness, friction coefficient, structure of the grooves) ambient media (e.g. air, water, particles) material temperature time

[0021] Duration

[0022] Path physical data chemical data electrical data

[0023] Examples of possible data sources are:

[0024] Data from production (e.g. from machine tools, e.g. new production, rework)

[0025] Data from operation (before, after, during operation)

[0026] Data from literature, experiments, etc.

[0027] Data from automation systems (for operating the rolling mill)

[0028] Data from planning systems (usually a subset of automation systems) Data from quality systems Data from monitoring systems

[0029] The wear and / or load data from the operation of the component can be measurement data that is either temporarily recorded on the component in operation or recorded online during operation.

[0030] In the simplest case, the processing history of a component, especially a roll, can be recorded electronically during production and / or restoration. The component can be linked to a corresponding data set, which can also be physically linked to the component, for example, via a machine-readable code physically connected to the component. If the relevant component is taken out of service,

[0031] The wear of a component can be recorded manually or automatically and assigned to the corresponding data set. In this way, a variety of data correlations can be generated, which can also be used, for example, to build a software-controlled / software-based development tool. The measurement data relevant to the load, which is recorded during operation of the component, can include variables such as strip temperature and rolling force, as well as roller temperature and surface pressure during operation. A progressive expansion of the database and its automated analysis using suitable analytical and / or numerical calculation methods provide a continuous increase in knowledge and a improved understanding of relationships that can be used for application-oriented optimization of the wear and load resistance of the component.Such a method also makes it possible to advantageously achieve an automatic change in the operational load on the component via a system control system.

[0032] In the method according to the invention, the machines and machining centers used for manufacturing and / or post-processing the component can each assume the functions of a measuring instrument with regard to load and resilience. For example, when grinding the roller shell of a roller as a component, data and information on the load in the form of torques, cutting forces, forces, friction coefficients, and temperatures can be recorded, while a directly stress-related resilience, such as wear resistance (e.g., material removal and surface quality), can be determined under the respective boundary conditions.

[0033] The wear data preferably comprise measured surface properties selected from a group of measurement data on the roughness, waviness and profile of the component, the surface hardness, the coefficient of friction of the lateral surface of the component and the structure of the wear traces in the lateral surface of the component.

[0034] The load data can, for example, be selected from a group of data comprising point loads acting on the component, line loads, surface pressures, in the case of a roll, the rotational speed and the slip of the roll during operation as well as the temperature and / or nature of the rolling stock and / or the media used in rolling stock cooling.

[0035] In a variant of the method according to the invention, a lifetime prediction for the outer surface of the component is derived from the correlation of data from the production and / or restoration and the wear and / or load data, for example with the aid of at least one expert system and / or using methods based on machine learning methods.

[0036] According to the invention, it can be provided to use the correlation of measurement data on load and load capacity, preferably using the processing machine as a measuring and testing instrument for the construction of a software-based development tool.

[0037] In addition, through the precise, location-dependent recording and evaluation of measurement data and other information on the global and local load condition of the mechanical component during operation in a rolling mill or other metal production plant, a tailor-made coating system can be designed that provides the required properties depending on the location and thus has the load-bearing capacity necessary for the respective application.

[0038] The data recorded before and after industrial use, i.e., before initial delivery and during subsequent reworking, regarding, for example, layer thickness, surface texture, hardness, wear condition, and damage, are compared and correlated with the loads during production and, beyond that, during industrial operation, e.g., in a rolling mill. The measured data from production and operation can be compared and evaluated using physical models and / or artificial intelligence methods. Physical models and / or artificial intelligence methods can also be used to compare the data with the aforementioned information on the load-bearing capacity of the layer or component. On this basis, recommendations for action for modification or further development of the component and / or adaptation or optimization of the process parameters in industrial operation can be made.

[0039] Examples of such artificial intelligences include neural networks, adaptive algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, and the like. State-of-the-art examples include: Bayesian belief networks, decision trees, hidden Markov models, case-based reasoning, k-nearest neighbors, self-organizing maps, instance-based learning, support vector machines, artificial neural networks (ANNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Any conceivable combination of such approaches can also be used.

[0040] According to the invention, automatic changes can be made during the production of the mechanical component, for example, affecting the material and coating. As mentioned above, the changes can also affect the operation, or even instead. This approach, with systematic use and continuous refinement and expansion of the database, can lead to the creation of a completely new development tool that significantly reduces or even eliminates the need for complex laboratory-scale testing.

[0041] If the component is removed and repaired at regular intervals, and its current condition is recorded using suitable measuring methods during processing and the machine used for this purpose, rules for designing the layer structure of the component's outer surface can be automatically derived. Regardless of whether partial removal of an outer layer of the component is necessary because the original surface quality is no longer present and must be recreated, or because the properties of the layer area near the surface no longer correspond to the initial state due to previous stress, or because other reasons for the surface removal exist, mechanical processing can be used to change the property profile of the entire layer.

[0042] A variant of the procedure is characterized by an automatic evaluation of the recorded data and the development of an automated recommendation for action on the design and / or layout of the component.

[0043] Data acquisition, automatic analysis, and the development of recommended actions (optimization proposal, evaluation) for the developer form a common system. This system integrates and links a number of individual algorithms into a single, comprehensive algorithm. This algorithm provides at least one analysis of the system under consideration, resulting in the system generating an optimization proposal. An evaluation of the current state and optimizations can also be performed.

[0044] For components such as rollers, which require regular overhauls at short intervals of days or weeks at most, the outer surface of the component, such as the roller shell, may be constructed from individual layers that are only partially tailored to the expected load. The methodology for collecting and processing the data of the process can be described as follows: , structuring, recognizing patterns ilk

[0045] According to another aspect of the invention, a component for engaging hot rolling stock in a hot rolling mill is provided, which component comprises a base body made of a base material and at least one functional layer made of at least one material different from the base material, wherein the material of the at least one functional layer has a higher wear resistance than the base material, wherein the base body comprises at least one further outer layer as a sacrificial layer, which at least partially encloses the at least one functional layer and the sacrificial layer consists of a material that has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer.

[0046] The component can be designed as a roller. A roller for engaging hot rolled stock within the meaning of the present invention is a roller or roll such as a roller table roller, a roll of a rolling mill, a roll of a continuous casting machine or continuous casting guide, or another unit intended for supporting, handling, and / or transporting the hot rolled stock.

[0047] If the component is designed as a roller, it can comprise a roller body made of at least one base material and a roller shell with at least one functional layer, preferably with at least one wear layer. The roller body and / or the roller shell are, for example, essentially cylindrical, wherein the shell surface of the roller can be conical or cambered. The shell body of the roller can have a plurality of layers which can form a composite with corresponding material properties. At least one outer layer of the roller shell is designed as a so-called functional layer, which means that the material of the functional layer has the desired properties for engagement with the rolled stock with regard to wear resistance or temperature resistance or hardness or ductility.

[0048] A functional layer within the meaning of the invention is understood to mean a wear protection layer which consists of a material which is more wear-resistant than the base material of the component and / or other layers of the component.

[0049] Preferably, the sacrificial layer does not meet all the requirements for engagement with the rolled stock; in particular, this sacrificial layer has lower wear resistance. With regard to surface quality (roughness, waviness, and dimensional accuracy), the sacrificial layer can nevertheless meet the desired application-specific properties.

[0050] In principle, the base body of the component can comprise one or more supplementary layers arranged beneath at least one functional layer. The sacrificial layer can, for example, be applied above a hard layer and form the outermost surface of the component. This can be machined to provide a desired surface quality, for example, a specific surface roughness.

[0051] The sacrificial layer can completely or partially enclose an outer functional layer. If the component has an additional soft layer above a hard layer that has been mechanically reworked, this has various advantages. This makes it easier to achieve a good surface quality during coating. Furthermore, mechanical processing of the sacrificial layer is much simpler. The sacrificial layer can be reworked using a simpler and more cost-effective process, such as turning or re-turning to a nominal diameter. Finally, the tool used for this is cheaper and easier to handle. The valuable hard layer or functional layer is completely or almost completely preserved, since the application and removal of the softer layer can be optimally tailored to the application.The thickness of the softer layer can be freely selected within wide limits and thus adapted to the requirements of the overall system.

[0052] It is preferably provided that the at least one functional layer consists of a relatively harder and / or more wear-resistant material than the sacrificial layer.

[0053] For example, in the case of a roller as a component, the functional layer can have a radially extending structural and / or property gradient. For example, the functional layer can have a hardness gradient from the inside to the outside, for example, from softer to harder.

[0054] The functional layer can, for example, comprise a steel containing a certain proportion of hard foreign phases such as tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. These foreign phases can be distributed in a single layer, i.e., continuously, in such a way that a hardness gradient is achieved. However, such a hardness gradient is readily achieved when a hard functional layer within the meaning of the present invention forms a lateral surface of the component with a softer cover layer as a sacrificial layer.

[0055] Almost all common types of steel can be used as the base material, for example structural steels such as S355J or tempering steels such as 25CrMo4.

[0056] A wear-resistant hot-work steel such as 1.2344 or a high-speed steel such as 1.3344 can be considered as a material for at least one functional layer. Martensitic stainless steels based on 1.4057, nickel-based alloys such as Inconel 625 and Inconel 718, or cobalt-based alloys such as Stellite 6 and Stellite 21 are also suitable. Particularly wear-resistant layers also contain hard phases such as tungsten carbides and / or titanium carbides. In extreme cases, the volume fraction of the hard phases can exceed that of the matrix.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the component according to the invention, a plurality of functional layers are provided which have different properties and / or consist of different materials.

[0058] The plurality of functional layers can, for example, form a radial structural and / or property gradient of the roller shell.

[0059] In a preferred variant of the component according to the invention, the outer surface of the component is designed as a single-surface outer surface, i.e., it has no steps or diameter jumps. As already mentioned above, the outer surface of a roller as a component can be cylindrical, conical, cambered, or S-shaped. A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing or rebuilding a component for engagement with hot rolling stock in a hot rolling mill, in particular for producing or rebuilding a roller of the type described above, with a roller body comprising a roller shell made of a base material and at least one functional layer made of at least one material different from the base material, comprising the following processing steps:

[0060] Providing a base body made of a base material,

[0061] Applying at least one wear-resistant functional layer to the base body,

[0062] Applying an outer sacrificial layer to the functional layer, wherein the sacrificial layer consists of a material which differs from the material properties of the functional layer in terms of material properties and which has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer,

[0063] Reworking the outer surface of the component, in particular the roller, with diameter reduction to a closed roller outer surface with a specified outer diameter.

[0064] The application of the at least one functional layer and / or the sacrificial layer can be carried out, for example, by deposition welding, thermal spraying, casting, vapor deposition, plasma coating, centrifugal casting, dusting, galvanic coating or chemical coating.

[0065] Post-processing can be performed by turning and / or milling and / or grinding. The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings, which in this specific case relates to a roller as a tribologically stressed component.

[0066] They show:

[0067] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a partial section through a roll,

[0068] Figure 2 is a schematic representation of several production stages of the

[0069] Figure 1 shown role,

[0070] Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the manufacturing or restoration process of a roll according to the invention by means of several partial sectional views,

[0071] Figure 4 shows a partial section through a roller according to the invention after a certain operating time,

[0072] Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a multi-layer system of a roll according to the invention.

[0073] Reference is first made to Figures 1 and 2, which show several partial sectional views of a roll in different stages of production.

[0074] The roller 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is each shown as a partial sectional view, wherein the sectional view is shown above an axis of symmetry of the roller 1. The roller 1 comprises a roller body 2 made of steel as the base material and a roller shell which comprises at least one so-called functional layer 3. A supplementary layer 4 can be arranged beneath the functional layer 3. Either during new production or during restoration of the roller 1, the functional layer 3 is generally applied as a wear-resistant layer with corresponding material properties, for example by build-up welding, to the supplementary layer 4 or directly to the roller body 2. In order for the shell surface of the roller 1 to have the appropriate surface quality, i.e. surface roughness or surface evenness in accordance with the specifications, it is machined after the application of the functional layer 3, i.e.usually turned to the nominal diameter of roll 1 and ground accordingly. The condition of roll 1 after application of the functional layer 3 is shown in Figure 2A; the condition after machining the surface is illustrated in Figure 2B.

[0075] The functional layer 3 and a supplementary layer 4 can be optimized and matched to one another as a layer system with regard to the desired properties, depending on the application. According to the invention, it is particularly provided that the wear layer, at least in the form of the functional layer 3 described above, a supplementary layer 4 provided approximately below the wear layer, and a sacrificial layer 5 optionally provided on the functional layer 3, are designed and optimized as a layer system according to the expected stress. The layer structure of the roller shell can comprise a plurality of functional layers 3 and supplementary layers 4, as shown, for example, in Figure 5.

[0076] The method according to the invention provides for the use of both production data and operating data and, if appropriate, also data from tests or from specialist literature for the design of the layer system of the roll shell, wherein the method in particular provides for correlating the measurement data recorded during the manufacture or restoration of the roll 1, in particular the measurement data recorded on a machine tool or grinding machine, with operating data from the use of the roll 1. The operating data comprise wear and / or load data that result directly from the operational use of the roll 1 as well as data derived from automation systems and / or data from monitoring systems of a rolling mill in which the roll 1 is used.

[0077] The aforementioned data is fed into an expert system or an artificial intelligence-based system as input data, and is then spatially and temporally correlated with the geometry of Roll 1 and processed accordingly. The different data sets are correlated. Relevant information, such as patterns, changes, and differences, is synthesized using computer-aided algorithms. The results are then written into data sets and converted into a machine-readable format.

[0078] The results are used to derive recommendations for action and / or instructions for the plant operator and / or the plant manufacturer, as well as for the optimization and / or forwarding of the rolls. The process includes the automatic load-oriented design and / or modification of the roll shell structure. Additionally or alternatively, the process includes an automatic modification of the operational load on the roll through appropriate control intervention in the rolling mill's process control system.

[0079] Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the processed data are used for a lifetime prediction of roll 1.

[0080] Figures 3 and 4 refer to a structure of the roller shell of the roller 1, which comprises a sacrificial layer 5 in addition to the functional layer 3.

[0081] Figure 3A shows the state of the roller 1 after application of the functional layer 3 made of a wear-resistant and hard and / or tough material which has more favorable properties with regard to wear properties than the base material of the roller body 2 and / or a supplementary layer 4 arranged therebetween. The base material of the roller body 2 and / or a supplementary layer 4 arranged therebetween can, for example, consist of a relatively soft material based on the austenitic stainless steel 1.4404. The functional layer 3, which was applied by build-up welding in the described embodiment of the invention, consists, for example, of a wear-resistant hot-work steel such as 1.2344 or a high-speed steel such as 1.3344 comprising foreign phases of tungsten carbide and / or titanium carbide, which achieve a corresponding wear resistance of the functional layer 3.

[0082] Immediately after its application to the roller body 2 according to Figure 3A, the functional layer 3 in no way meets the requirements for the surface quality of the finished component. In a next step, which is illustrated in Figure 3B, a sacrificial layer 5 is applied to the functional layer 3, which may, for example, consist of the same material as the other supplementary layers or of a different material, since the sacrificial layer may, for example, have lower ductility than the supplementary layers further inside (e.g. buffer layers) or, for example, unlike these, does not have to meet any special requirements with regard to thermal conduction and / or thermal expansion. The sacrificial layer 5 does not meet the application-specific requirements for the wear resistance and / or hardness and / or toughness of the material.

[0083] After the sacrificial layer 5 has been applied, the roller shell has an excess dimension which is reduced to the nominal diameter of the roller 1 in a further process step by appropriate post-processing such as milling, grinding or turning and, as illustrated in Figure 3C, ultimately has the desired surface roughness corresponding to the specifications from the application of the roller 1. Figure 4 shows a partial section through the roller 1 according to the invention after a certain downtime or operating time. Parts of the sacrificial layer 5 have been worn away as a result of stress, parts of which are still present. Parts of the functional layer 3 are also worn away, although the degree of removal in the two layers is generally different. The thickness of the functional layer 3 becomes more uniform over time.

[0084] Figure 5 illustrates a multi-layer system of the shell of the roller 1, comprising a plurality of functional layers 3 and a plurality of supplementary layers 4 arranged to achieve a radial hardness gradient. A sacrificial layer 5, not shown in Figure 5, may be applied above the layer arrangement of functional layers 3. This sacrificial layer 5 is also subjected to appropriate post-processing, as in the example according to Figure 3, with respect to the surface roughness and the nominal diameter of the roller 1.

[0085] List of reference symbols

[0086] 1 roll

[0087] 2 Roller body 3 Functional layer

[0088] 4 Supplementary layer

[0089] 5 sacrificial layer

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Method for the application-oriented design of a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component in a rolling mill, and / or for optimising the wear and / or load resistance of the component, in particular a roller (1) or a roller system for engaging in rolling stock in a rolling mill, wherein the component has at least one base body made of a base material and at least one functional layer (3) designed with regard to an expected stress, in particular a wear layer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the recording of tribological data during the manufacture and / or restoration of at least one component, the recording of wear and / or load data resulting from the operational use of the component,the correlation of the tribological data from the manufacture and / or restoration of the component with the wear and / or load data from operation in an electronic database and the automatic load-oriented design of the component and / or design and / or modification of the structure of the functional layer (3) and / or the automatic modification of the operational load of the component.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tribological data are measurement data selected from a group of measurement data comprising torques, cutting forces, Feed forces, frictional forces, friction coefficients, and temperatures during machining of the component, in particular of the roller shell, and surface roughness of the roller shell surface immediately after machining of the roller shell. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tribological data relating to the geometry of a component are recorded both location-related and time-related. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wear and / or load data from the operation of the component are measured data that are either temporarily recorded on the component in operation or recorded online during operation.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wear data comprise measured surface properties which are selected from a group of measurement data on roughness, waviness, profile, surface hardness, friction coefficient of the lateral surface of the component and the structure of the wear traces in the functional layer (3). Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the load data are selected from a group of data comprising point loads acting on the component, line loads, surface pressures, and, if the component is designed as a roller, the rotational speeds and the slip of the roller as well as the temperature and / or. Nature of the rolling stock and / or the media used in rolling stock cooling.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by an automatic evaluation of the correlated data with the aid of at least one expert system and / or using methods based on machine learning methods, in particular on artificial neural networks, deep artificial neural networks, decision trees, ensemble methods based on decision trees, linear or non-linear regression models with or without regularization, support vector machines with linear, polynomial or other kernel functions, or the like.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that changes are made in the production, in particular in the design and / or layout of the mechanical component, based on an automatic evaluation of the correlated data.

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by an automatic evaluation of the recorded data and the development of an automated recommendation for action for the design and / or layout of the component.

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