Window element

Abstract

The technical solution relates to the field of translucent building structures arranged in openings of buildings and facilities, preferably windows, but it can also be used in the construction of doors, for example, balcony doors. The object underlying the invention is to create a fully factory-assembled translucent opening covering, which includes universal additional elements of the frame or sash that allow the frame or sash to be manufactured simultaneously in the sheathing. Uniform basic profiles with a fixed cross-section are used for all standard dimensions, and changes in the standard size of their cross-section width are compensated for by modular additional elements. The technical result lies in increasing the level of technological sophistication of heat-insulating, translucent opening coverings.This is achieved in that the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening comprises glazing as well as a frame and a sash connected by a window fitting, the frame and sash being formed from the lining layers forming their internal cavities, which are connected to one another and filled with a hardening, heat-insulating foam material in the associated formwork, characterized in that the distal lining layers of the frame and the mutually facing lining layers of the frame and sash are designed to be composable across the width of their cross-section and comprise longitudinally modular basic and additional elements forming them, which are coherent around the circumference of their cross-section. Furthermore, the modular longitudinal additional elements of the sash can be arranged on the side opposite the modular additional elements of the frame.The longitudinal modular add-on elements can have a tenon and groove joint to form a circumferentially closed cross-section of the frame or sash. The distal (from Latin disto - to be distant), i.e., located far, and the proximal (Latin proximus - the nearest), i.e., located closest, modular longitudinal add-on elements of the frame are located, respectively, on the outer and inner perimeters of the frame, on the side of the connecting lining layer. To increase the width of the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening, it is connected to additional, modular, longitudinal basic add-on elements of the frame and sash, with their width equal to or less than the width of the longitudinal modular basic add-on elements. The lining layer can be made of thin-walled or hollow material and filled with thermosetting, heat-insulating foam material in the removable accompanying formwork.The cavities of the frame and the sash can be of the same volume, and a longitudinal reinforcing element with a continuous cross-section can be arranged in the cavity of the frame.

Description

[0001] The technical solution concerns the field of translucent building structures arranged in openings of buildings and facilities, preferably windows, but it can also be used in the construction of doors, for example balcony doors, and represents a far-reaching improvement of an advantageous innovative translucent cover.

[0002] The closest prior art is a heat-insulating, translucent covering of an opening comprising a glazing as well as a frame and a sash connected by a window fitting, and a heat-insulating foam material, wherein the frame and sash are designed as lining layers forming a cavity, which are filled in the formwork with a hardening, heat-insulating foam material and thus connected (RU 191442 U1, 06.08.2019).

[0003] A disadvantage is the need to use profiles of different standard dimensions (with larger or smaller cross-sections) for the casing and frame when manufacturing translucent covers with standard dimensions of different widths, which requires the installation of laminated glass panes of greater thickness.

[0004] The object underlying the invention is to create a completely factory-assembled translucent covering of an opening, which includes universal additional elements of the frame or the sash, which allow to manufacture the frame or the sash simultaneously with them in the sheathing, wherein for all their standard dimensions uniform basic profiles with a fixed cross-section are used and the change in the standard dimension of the width of their cross-section is compensated by modular additional elements.

[0005] The technical result is an increase in the level of technological sophistication in the production of heat-insulating, translucent covers for openings.

[0006] The thin-walled elements used in the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening have surfaces that delimit the cavity they form and, due to the small cross-sectional thickness of the material forming them, they do not represent elements that conduct heat and form thermal bridges.

[0007] By definition, thin-walled elements are structural elements and constructions in which one dimension (the thickness) is significantly smaller than the other two. These include thin shells, smooth and ribbed panels, and the like.

[0008] Metals, layered plastics and other materials are used to produce thin-walled structures.

[0009] This is achieved in that the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening comprises glazing as well as a frame and a sash connected by a window fitting, wherein the frame and sash are formed from the lining layers forming their internal cavities, which are connected to one another and filled in the associated formwork with a foaming, hardening, heat-insulating material, characterized in that the distal lining layers of the frame and the mutually facing lining layers of the frame and sash are designed to be composable across the width of their cross-section and comprise longitudinally oriented modular basic and additional elements forming them, which are coherent around the circumference of their cross-section. The modular longitudinal additional elements can have a tongue and groove connection to form a cross-section of the frame or sash that is coherent around the circumference.The modular longitudinal add-on elements may have additional technical grooves, protrusions, and grooves that can be used for positioning hardware elements, joining with other windows, or as a sash surface for applying seals. The distal (from Latin disto - to be distant), i.e., located far away, and the proximal (Latin proximus - the nearest), i.e., located close to the frame, longitudinal modular add-on elements are located, respectively, on the outer and inner perimeters of the frame, on the side of the connecting lining layer.To increase the width of the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening, it is equipped with additional modular longitudinal additional elements of the frame and sash, which are connected to the corresponding base elements. The width of the modular additional elements in the direction of the vertical arrangement plane of the window element, corresponding to the frame and sash, is selected based on the conditions for achieving the target parameters for heat saving of the structure (determined by calculation methods). The lining layer can be made of various materials (PVC, wood, composite materials) and can be thin-walled, hollow, or solid, depending on the material used. The cavities of the frame and sash can be formed as a single-piece housing, and a longitudinal reinforcing element with a cross-section of various shapes can be located in the frame cavity.

[0010] The cause-effect relationship between the characteristics and the technical result, i.e., their relevance, is determined by the fact that the casing and frame consist of lining elements that are incorporated into the casing during manufacture, preferably thin-walled ones that form a cavity filled with a foaming material, preferably polyurethane foam (PU foam), or any known similar material that, upon curing, causes the lining elements to bond together to form a single structure. A necessary condition is that these products be manufactured in a casing, which allows for compliance with their dimensions with the smallest possible tolerances, since the casing absorbs the forces of the foam material (PU foam) expanding during curing and prevents the product contained therein from deviating from the previously determined dimensions.The thin walls of the lining elements eliminate possible surface irregularities (such as certain unevenness) during the expansion of the foam material and compression during the expansion process. When the product (frame or sash elements) is removed from the casing after the foam material has hardened, it holds all the elements firmly in place through adhesion and retains its inherent geometric dimensions calibrated by the casing, which significantly reduces gaps at the joints between the frame and sash. If a change in the standard size is necessary (e.g., the cross-section width of the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening).of 70.5 or 80.5 or 90.5 during installation) under laminated glass of different thicknesses - for example, 40, 50 or 60 mm - during their manufacture, longitudinal modular basic and additional additional elements of the frame and door frame are added to the structure, which allows for a higher level of technological development in the production of the heat-insulating, translucent cover of the opening, increasing its heat and sound insulation properties without adding replacement elements of its structural components and with minor re-equipment of the technical equipment.

[0011] The terminology used to describe the design of the heat-insulating translucent cover of the opening corresponds to the standard GOST 23166-99 "Window elements. General technical conditions", which defines: "- Window: An element of a wall or roof structure designed to connect interior spaces with the surrounding space, to provide natural lighting, ventilation, and protection from atmospheric and acoustic influences. It consists of a window opening with reveals, a window element, a system for sealing the assembly joints, a window sill, drainage components, and linings. Window element: A translucent structure designed to provide natural lighting to a room, ventilation, and protection from atmospheric and acoustic influences. A window element consists of assembled units: a frame and sash elements, as well as built-in ventilation systems, and may include a number of additional elements such as blinds, shutters, etc. Frame: A assembled unit of a window or door element with a frame-like construction designed for the hanging of window or door sashes.Door leaves are intended for use with the window or door opening and are fixedly attached to the walls of the window or door opening. Casement (casement element): A composite unit of a window element with a frame-like construction and translucent panel, usually connected to the casing by means of a hinge or sliding joint. A non-opening casement is fixedly attached to the casing. Fig. 1 shows the original heat-insulating, translucent cover of the opening using the basic modular elements. Fig. 2 shows the heat-insulating, translucent cover of the opening with enlarged type dimensions through the use of longitudinally oriented modular basic elements and additional elements connected to them (in a tongue and tenon connection). Fig. 3 shows the heat-insulating, translucent cover of the opening with (in relation to Fig. 2 ) increased type dimensions by using longitudinally oriented modular basic elements and additional elements connected to them (in a groove-tenon connection) in double the number. Fig. 4 shows the shape of the modular additional element of the wing. Fig. 5 shows the shape of the proximal modular additional element of the frame. Fig. 6 shows the shape of the distal modular additional element of the frame.

[0012] The heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening comprises a glazing 1 as well as a frame 2 and a sash 3, which are connected by the window fitting. The frame 2 is designed in the form of lining layers 4, which form a cavity and are in contact with modular base elements 9, which are connected in the formwork when filled with hardening, heat-insulating foam material 5. The surfaces of the lining layers and the modular elements facing the interior of the cavity are adhesively bonded. The sash 3 is hollow, with its lining layers 6 defining the cavity, which are in contact with the modular base element of the sash and the front surface of the glazing, which are adhesively bonded in the formwork when filled with hardening, heat-insulating foam material (PU foam) 7.The lining layer may be hollow 8 and may be filled with hardening, heat-insulating foam material in a removable, associated casing, one outer surface of which may be provided with a decorative finish. The cavity of the frame or the cavity of the sash may be integral. The lining layer may be made of wood or metal or a polymer material, or a combination thereof. A reinforcing element with a cross-section of various shapes may be inserted into the cavity of the frame.The longitudinal modular base elements 9, which are formed by the distal lining layers of the frame and the mutually facing lining layers of the frame and the sash, and the longitudinal modular additional elements 10 have a connection of tenons 11 and grooves 12 with corresponding groove-tenon connections of the lining layers 3, 6 or additional (with a significant increase in the thickness of the sash 3 and the frame 2) longitudinally oriented modular additional elements 10 to form a circumferentially closed cross-section of the frame 2 or the sash 3. The modular additional element of the sash is arranged between the lining layer 3 of the sash and the longitudinal modular base element 9 of the sash, and the proximal and distal modular additional elements 10 of the frame are spaced from one another and arranged in contact with the inner lining layer 4 of the frame.

[0013] Thus, the heat-insulating, translucent cover of the opening realizes a concept consisting of three parts of a modular construction: an external part (relative to the room), which provides protection from environmental influences, using metal, glass, plastic, resin or polymer composites; a functional part, which, depending on the season, protects the room from heating and cooling, prevents moisture from penetrating into the room, provides natural light (through the glazing) and air supply (when the sash is open); a decorative part (the inner side of the window in relation to the room), which provides an aesthetic appearance of the window inside the room, using various types of wood or other materials as a covering.

[0014] The modular design of the product allows for a structure that is highly resistant to external environmental influences thanks to the use of metal on the exterior of the product. At the same time, the use of wood on the interior of the structure provides a good aesthetic appearance and does not require any additional treatment for protection against external environmental influences. The proportion of metal and wood in the structure is low (due to the thin walls), which significantly reduces the material costs of the product compared to conventional PVC or wooden windows. The use of polyurethane foam as a material with excellent heat transfer resistance properties allows for an improved heat transfer resistance coefficient compared to standard window constructions with a smaller installation depth, thus reducing the material costs of the product.

[0015] While maintaining the modular principle of the product, using basic and additional elements that allow for changing the thickness of the frame and sash, it became possible to operatively change the thickness of the heat-insulating, translucent covering of the opening using laminated glass with an increased distance between the glass panes and / or an increased number of chambers (glass panes) within it. This is made possible by the fact that during the manufacturing process, the sash, and accordingly the frame, are reinforced to the same thickness using longitudinal modular additional elements (as in Fig. 2 und 3shown), which allow a change in the thickness of the frame and the sash, for example, in a step of 10 mm (40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm). The step of the longitudinal modular additional elements is defined as the distance from the outermost point of the tenon to the deepest point of the groove. The distal lining layers of the frame and the mutually facing lining layers of the frame and the sash are designed to be composable in the width of their cross-section and comprise the longitudinal modular basic elements 9 and modular additional elements 10 that form them, which are coherent around the circumference of their cross-section. The longitudinal modular additional elements are connected according to the groove-tenon principle and form closed cavities with the elements of the sash and the frame, which are form-fitting with these elements.with each other when multiple modular additional elements are arranged adjacent to one another. These elements are filled with hardening foam material that secures their arrangement within the product. To reinforce the overall structure, a longitudinal reinforcement element with a different cross-section can be inserted into the cavity of the frame during assembly.

Claims

1. A heat-insulating, translucent covering of an opening, comprising a glazing and a frame and a sash connected by a window fitting, the frame and sash being formed from the lining layers forming their internal cavities, which are connected to one another and filled in the associated casing with a foaming, hardening, heat-insulating material, characterized in that the distal and proximal lining layers of the frame and the mutually facing lining layers of the frame and the sash are designed to be assemblable across the width of their cross-section and comprise longitudinally oriented modular basic and additional elements which are coherent at the periphery of their cross-section.

2. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe longitudinal modular additional elements have a tongue and groove connection to form a circumferentially coherent cross-section of the frame or sash.

3. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distal and proximal longitudinal modular additional elements of the frame are arranged on the outer and inner circumference of the frame on the inside of the lining layer connecting them, adjacent to this lining layer.

4. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to increase their width, they are provided with additional longitudinal modular additional elements of the frame and sash, which are connected to the longitudinal modular basic elements of the frame and sash.

5. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lining layer is thin-walled.

6. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lining layer is hollow and filled with hardening, heat-insulating foam material in the removable associated formwork.

7. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity of the frame is designed as a one-piece housing.

8. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity of the wing is designed as a one-piece housing.

9. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thata longitudinal reinforcement element is arranged in the cavity of the frame.

10. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each modular additional element has at least one groove on the surface of one of its sides and at least one tenon on the surface of the opposite side, the shape of which is complementary to the shape of this groove.

11. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to claim 10, characterized in that the modular additional element of the wing has at least one projection in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the tenon and the groove, said projection being designed to be able to be applied to the lining layer of the frame over the entire circumference.

12. Heat-insulating, translucent cover of an opening according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in thatthe distal modular element of the frame has at least one projection in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the tenon and the groove, said projection being designed to be engageable with the lining layer of the frame over its entire circumference.

Images